.. , ..

7
. 7 .: . . 2 :
. /
.. , .. , .. .
6- ., . .: , 2003 .

 1. ,

1.
1
) 3,5 +4,5=8;

) 3,5+(4,5)= 1;

) 3,5 +4,5=1; ) 3,5+(4,5)=8.

2
) 3,54,5=1;

) 3,5(4,5)=8;

) 3,54,5=8; ) 3,5(4,5)=1.

3
) 15+7,5=22,5;
3
1
1 183 16 549 80 469
4
=
=
= 31 ;
) 36,65 =36 5 =
3
3
5
3
15
15
15
5
7
5 137 7 959
19
3 =
=
= 47 ;
10 10 10 2 20
20
2 1 23 7 23
2
) 7 : 2 = : =
=3 .
3 3 3 3 7
7

) 13,73,5= 13

4
) 1,5 3 = 4,5;
5
) 1,5 : 3 = 0,5;
6
1

) 1,5 3 = 4,5; ) 1,5 (3)=4,5; ) 1,5 (3)=4,5.

) 1,5 : 3 = 0,5; ) 1,5 : (3)=0,5; ) 1,5 : (3)=0,5.

) 2 + 3 6 = 35; ;
3
2
1
1 5 10 15 + 20
35
35 6
+
=
= 35; 2)
6 =
= 35;
2
3 2 3
6
6
6 1
1
1
1
2 + 3 6 = 22 ;
2
3
2
1
10 6
1
5 20 5 + 40 45
1
3 6 = = 20 ;
2) 2 + 20 = +
=
=
= 22 ;
3
3 1
2
2 1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2 6 + 3 = 18
2
3
3
1
5 6
1 15 10 45 + 10 55
1
=
=
= 18 ;
2 6 = = 5 3 = 15 ; 2) 15 + 3 = +
2
2 1
3 1
3
3
3
3
1
1
2 2 + 3 3 = 15 .
2
3
1
5 2 10
1
10 3 30
2 2 = =
= 5 ; 2) 3 3 = =
= 10 ; 3) 5 + 10 = 15.
2
2 1 2
3
3 1 3

1) 2 + 3 =
)
1)
)
1)
)
1)
2

7
1
1
1
;
3
5
15
1
1 13 16 65 + 48 113
8
1) 4 + 3 = + =
=
=7 ;
3
5 3 5
15
15
15
1
1
) 17 : (4 3 ) = 15 ;
3
5
1
1 13 16 65 48 17
2
=
=1 ;
1) 4 3 = =
3
5 3 5
15
15 15
2
17
15 17 15
2) 17 :1 = 17 : = 17 = = 15 ;
15
15
17 1 17
1 2 2

) 6 7 + = 1 ;
8 9 3

1 6 57 48 57
9
1
1) 6 7 = =
= = 1 ;
8 1 8
8
8
8
1 8
9 8
3) 1 = = 1 ;
8 9
8 9

) (4 + 3 ) :113 =

2) 7

2)

8
113 1
1
:113 =

= ;
15
15 113 15

2 2 2+6 8
+ =
= ;
9 3
9
9

1 14
3
1

1 15 33 120 33 87
7
1) 15 4 = =
=
= 10 ;
8 1
8
8
8
8
4
3 59 13 59 49 10 2
7 2 87 2 29
1
2) 3 2 = =
=
= ; 3) 10 =
=
=7 .
15
5 15 5
15
15 3
8 3 8 3 4
4

) 15 4 3 2 = 7 ;
8
15
5
4

8
1
1
3
3
1 7 7 7 3
1) 7 : 2 = : = = 3 ;
3 1 3 1 7

) 7 : 2 + 4 :1 = 6; ;

1
3

2) 4 :1 =

4 4 4 3
: = = 3;
1 3 1 4

3) 3 + 3 = 6 ;

) 12 6 : 7 = ;
5 3 5
5
2
1 62 31 31
1
1 3 31 31 31 4 4
2) 6 : 7 = : = = ;
=
=6 ;
5
5 5
5
5
5
5 4 5 4
5 31 5
1
1 5
) 8 4 : 3 = 7 ;
7
7 8
1 5 29 29 29 8 8
1
1
1
1) 4 : 3 = : = = = 1 ; 2) 8 1 = 7 ;
7 8 7 8
7 29 7
7
7
7

1) 12 6 =

1 6
1 3
14
;
3 7
4 4
23
1 6 7 6
1 3 9 23 9 4
9
1) 2 = = 2 ;
2) 2 : 5 = : = =
;
3 7 3 7
4 4 4 4 4 23 23
9 46 9 37
14
3) 2 =
=
=1 .
23
23
23
23

) 2 2 : 5 = 1

9
) (0,018 + 0,982) : (8 0,5 0,8) = 0,3125;
1) 0,018 + 0,982 = 1; 2) 8 0,5 0,8 = 4 0,8 = 3,2; 3) 1 : 3,2 = 0,3125;

) 27,3 5,1 ( 2, 2 ) : ( 0,0018 ) =

=

273 51 ( 22 ) 10000

=
1000
18

273 51 220 273 51 220

=
= 97 17 110 = 170170 ;
18
33 2

) (0,008 + 0,992) : (5 0,6 1,4) = 1 : (3 1,4) = 1: 1,6 = 0,625;

) 13,5 9,1 ( 3,3) : ( 0,00013) =

135 91 ( 33) 100000

=
10 10 10
13

= 135 3300 91 : 13 = 135 3300 7 = 3118500.

10
1
3

1
3

) 3 + 2,5 16 = 43 ;
1) 2,5 16 = 40;
1
3

1
3

2) 3 + 40 = 43 ;

1 4
7 5
1 4 15 14
1) 2 2 = = 3 2 = 6 ;
7 5 7 5

) 2 2 2, 4 = 3,6 ;

2) 6 2,4 = 3,6;

) (24 +5,6) (24 5,6) = 544,64;

1) 24 + 5,6 = 29,6;
2) 24 5,6 = 18,4; 3) 29,6 18,4 = 544,64;
11
1
1
1
3
3
3
2
9
) 2 1 1, 25 = 2 ;
25 16
2
9 52 25 52 13
1) 2 1 = =
= = 3, 25 ;
25 16 25 16 16 4

) 2 + 2, 4 15 = 2 + 36 = 38 ;

2) 3,25 1,25 = 2;
4

6 25 6 1
:1 = ;
19 38 19 2
6 25 50 25 25
1) 1 =
=
;
19 38
38
38
25 6 25 19 1
2)

= .
:1 =
38 19 38 25 2

) 1

) (25 + 5,2) (25 5,2) = 30,2 19,8 = 597,96;

8

) 4 1 :1 = 2 ;
5
15 3 3
8
1 68 4 68 20 48
1
1 =
=
=
=3 ;
15 3 15 3
15
15
5
1 1 16 4 16 3 12
2
2) 3 :1 = : = = = 2 .
5 3 5 3 5 4 5
5

1) 4

12
1 4 28 3
1 2
7 14 21
) 2 + 7 = + = = 7 ;
=
=7;
3 3 3 4
3 3
3 3
3
1 16 16 35
2 1 16
) 4 1 : = 3 : = = 7 ;
5 35 5 16
5 5 35
1
2
13 41 17 103 123 + 85 103 105
) 8 + 5 6 = +
=
=
=7;
5
3
15 5
3 15
15
15

) 9 :

13
) 2 4,5 = 2,5;
) (2,3 + (14,8)) : 5 = 12,5 : 5 = 2,5;
1

19

22 75

) 3 4 2 = =
5 37 6
5 37
6
) 6 + 2,4 10,9 = 8,4 10,9 = 2,5.

95 132 75
37 75

=
= 2,5 ;
30
37
30 37

14
) .
) .
) .
) .
15

)
)
1)
)

1
2
1
1
1
1
2 1
+ 2 + 1 + 1 = 6; 1) + 1 = 2 ; 2) 2 + 1 = 4 ; 3) 4 + 2 = 6;
2
3
2
3
2
2
3 3
2 3
3 2 5 7 = 289 ;
5 7
2
17
3
11
3 5 = 5 = 17 ; 2) 2 7 = 7 = 17 ; 3)17 1 7 = 289.
5
5
7
7
1
3 4
1
3 2 1 3 2
14 + 7 = 14 + 7 = 6 ;
+ = 14 + 14 =
14
7
2
14
7
2
14
14

2
2
6
2
8
1
2
: 2 = 12 + 24 : 2 16 : 2 = 36 : 2 8 =
3
15
9
5
9
5
9
4
1 166 41 830 369 461
11
= 18 8 =

=
=
= 10 .
9
5
9
5
45
45
15
2
9

) 12 + 24 16

 16
) 4,16 + 2,5 + 6,04 + 3,5 = 4,16 + 6,04 + 2,5 + 3,5 = 10,2 + 6 = 16,2;
) 7,3 + 1,6 0,3 0,6 = 7,3 0,3 + 1,6 0,6 = 7 + 1 = 8;
) 1,06 + 0,04 7,04 + 2,16 = 1,06 + 2,16 7 = 1,1 7 = 5,9;
) 18,9 6,8 5,2 4,1 = 12,1 4,1 5,2 = 8 5,2 = 2,8.
17
) 7,8 6,3 + 7,8 13,7 = 7,8 ( 6,3 + 13,7 ) = 7,8 20 =15,6
) 6,95 3,42 5,05 = 6,95 3,42 ( 5 + 0,05 ) = 6,95 ( 17,1 + 0,171 ) =
= ( 7 0,05 ) 17,271 = 120,897 0,86355 = 120,03345;
) 17,96 0,1 0,1 81,96 = 0,1 ( 17,96 81,96 ) = 0,1 ( 64 ) = 6,4;
) 4,03 27,9 17,9 4,03 = 4,03 ( 27,9 17,9 ) = 4,03 10 = 40,3.
18
1
2

1
2

1
2

15
10 = 75 ;
2
3
3 3
3
) 42, 4 2, 4 = ( 42, 4 2, 4 ) = 40 = 30 ;
4
4 4
4
1
1 1
1
) 32,5 16,5 = ( 32,5 16,5 ) = 16 = 4 ;
4
4 4
4
1
1
) 6 4,8 + 6 5, 2 = 6, 2 (4,8 + 5, 2) = 6, 2 10 = 62.
5
5

) 7 6,8 + 7 3, 2 = 7 ( 6,8 + 3, 2 ) =

19
) 60 60 = 3600 ;
) X 24 60 = X 1440 X ;
2
.
) X 1000 : 60 = X 166
;
3
.
) u : 1000 3600 = u 36 : 10 = u 18 : 5 = 3,6 u /.
20
) x = 3,5; 3x = 3 (3,5) = 10,5;
4
4 12
5
) x = ; 3x = 3 = = 1 ;
7
7 7
7

21
) y = 1; 5y = 5 (1) = 5;
) y = 1; 5y = 5 1 = 5;

) x = 1; 3x = 3 (1) = 3;
1
3

1
3

3 10
= 10 .
1 3

) x = 3 ; 3x = 3 3 =

) y = 0; 5y = 5 0 = 0;
) y = 3,4; 5y = 5 3,4 = 17.

22
) a = 3, d = 2; 48a + 12d = 48 3 + 12 2 = 144 + 24 = 168;
) u = 6, v = 1; u 3uv = 6 3 6 1 = 6 18 = 12;
) z = 8, t = 2; 8z 11t = 8 (8) 11 (2) = 64 + 22 = 42;
) p = 3, q = 6; 5p 4q = 5 (3) 4 6 = 15 24 = 39.

 23
A

2A2B

1
4
1
3
1
6

1) 2 1 2 1 = 2 2 = 0;

1
4
1

3
1

2) 2 2 2 3 = 4 6 = 2;

1
4
1 2 43 1
1
1
= ;
5) 2 2 = =
2 3
6
6
4
3

1
3

1 2 34
1
=
= ;
2 3
6
6

3) 2 3 2 2 = 6 4 = 2;

4) 2 2 =

6) 2 (3) 2 (2) = 6 + 4 = 2;
8) 2 (1) 2 (1) = 2 + 2 = 0.
24

7) 2 (2) 2 (3) = 6 4 = 2;

2AB1

11

11

1) 2 1 1 1 = 2 1 = 1;

1
4
1
3
5
6

1
4
1

3
5

11

11

2) 2 2 3 1 = 12 1 = 11;

1 1
4 3
1 1
1
5
1 1
5) 2 1 = 1 = 1 = ;
2 3
6
6
4 3

3) 2 3 2 1 = 12 1 = 11;

1 1
2 3

4) 2 1 = 1 =

1
5
1 = ;
6
6

6) 2 (3) (2) 1 = 12 1 =11; 7) 2 (2) (3) 1 = 12 1 =11;

8) 2 (1) (1) 1 = 2 1 =1.
25
a+b = 10, c = 7.
) a + b +2 c = 10 + 2 7 = 10 + 14 = 24;
) (a + b) : 2 c = 10 : 2 7 = 5 7 = 2;
a + b + c 10 + 7 17
1
=
=
= 8 = 8,5 ;
2
2
2
2
7 ( a + b ) + 2c 7 10 + 2 7 70 + 14 84
1
=
=
=
= 4 = 4, 2 .
)
3c 1
3 7 1
21 1 20
5

26
) a b = 12, b a = 1 (a b) = 1 12 = 12;
) c d = 0, d c = 0.

 27
2

a b2
?
a b
) a = 1, b = 2;

a 2 b 2 12 22 1 4 3
=
=
= = 3 ; a + b = 1+ 2 = 3 ;
a b
1 2
1 1

) a = 3, b = 1;

32 12 9 1 8
=
= = 4 ; a + b = 3+1= 4 ; ;
3 1
2
2
a 2 b 2 1, 42 12 0,96
=
=
= 2, 4 , a + b =1,4 + 1 = 2,4;
ab
1, 4 1
0, 4

) a = 1,4, b = 1;
) a = 3, b = 1;

9 1
8
a 2 b2
=
=
= 2 ; a + b = 3 + 1 = 2.
3 1 4
a b

28

) x=2, y=3;

2 x2 2 y 2
2 22 2 32 2 4 2 9 10
=
=
=
=2;
1 5
5
( x y )( x + y ) ( 2 3)( 2 + 3)

32
12
9 2
2 2 2 2

1
2 x2 2 y 2
77 36
2
3
=
= 2 9=
=2;
) x=1,5, y= ;
11
7
3
1
3
1
3 ( x y )( x + y )
18 77

+ 6 6
2 3 2 3

) x = 2, y = 0;

2 x2 2 y2
2 22 2 02
8
=
= =2
( x y )( x + y ) ( 2 0 )( 2 + 0 ) 4

) x = 1,3, y = 0,5;
2 1,32 2 ( 0,5 )
2 x2 2 y2
2 1,69 2 0, 25 2,88
=
=
=
=2.
0,8 1,8
1, 44
( x y )( x + y ) (1,3 + 0,5 )(1,3 0,5)
2

29
) x = 7, y = 4; 5x 3y = 5 7 3 4 = 35 12 = 23;
) x = 6,5, y = 2,1; 5x 3y = 5 6,5 3 2,1 = 32,5 6,3 = 26,2;
2
5

2
3

) x = 12 , y = 9 ; 5x 3y = 5 12

2
2
3 9 = 62 29 = 33;
5
3

) x = 18, y = 7,4; 5x 3y = 5 18 3 7,4 = 90 22,2 = 67,8.

30
6a + 7b 6 20 + 7 12 120 + 84 204
=
=
=
= 17 ;
3a 4b 3 20 4 12 60 48
12
6a + 7b 6 2, 4 + 7 0,8 14, 4 + 5,6 20
=
=
=
=5;
) a = 2,4, b = 0,8;
3a 4b 3 2, 4 4 0,8 7, 2 3, 2
4
6a + 7b 6 10,8 + 7 6 64,8 + 42 106,8
5
=
=
=
= 12 ;
) a = 10,8, b=6;
3a 4b 3 10,8 4 6 32, 4 24
8, 4
7

) a = 20, b = 12;

) a = 12, b=5,6;

6a + 7b 6 12 + 7 5,6 72 + 39, 2 111, 2

3
=
=
=
=8 .
3a 4b 3 12 4 5,6 36 22, 4 13,6
17

31
) x = 8, y = 3; x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 = 64 + 2 8 3 + 9 = 64 + 48 + 9 = 121;
( x + y )2 = 112 = 121 ;

) x = 7,6, y = 1,4; x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 = 57,76 + 2 7,6 1,4 + 1,96 =

= 57,76 + 21,28 +1,96 = 81; ( x + y ) 2 = 92 = 81 ;
) x = 10, y = 2,6; x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 = 100 + 2 10 2,6 + 6,76 =
= 100 + 52 + 6,76 = 158,76; ( x + y )2 = 12,62 = 158,76 ;
) x = 1,5, y = 3; x 2 + 2 xy + y 2 = 2,25 + 2 1,5 3 + 9 =
= 2,25 + 9 + 9 = 20,25; ( x + y ) 2 = 4,52 = 20, 25 .
32
) a = 13, b = 12; a b = 13 12 = 1;
a 2 2ab + b 2 132 2 13 12 + 122 169 312 + 144
=
=
=1;
ab
13 12
1
) a = 2,4, b = 2,3; a b = 2,4 2,3 = 0,1;
a 2 2ab + b 2 2, 42 2 2, 4 2,3 + 2,32 5,76 11,04 + 5, 29
=
=
= 0,1 ;
ab
2, 4 2,3
0,1

) a = 3,5, b = 2,5; a b = 3,5 2,5 = 1;

a 2 2ab + b 2 3,52 2 3,5 2,5 + 2,52 12, 25 17,5 + 6, 25
=
=
=1;
ab
3,5 2,5
1

) a = 7,4, b = 3,6; a b = 7,4 3,6 = 3,8;

a 2 2ab + b 2 7, 42 2 7, 4 3,6 + 3,62 54,76 53, 28 + 12,96
=
=
= 3,8
a b
7, 4 3,6
3,8

33
) x ;
) ;
) b .
) y ;
34
) x (3);
) (2);
) d (9); ) c (13).
35
)z 3; ) t 2; ) m 9; ) n 6.
36
) 5x = 150;
) 6x = 54;
) 0,7x = 343;
) 0,5x = 0,25;
x = 150 : 5;
x = 54 : 6;
x = 343 : 0,7;
x = 0,25 : (0,5);
x = 30;
x = 9;
x = 490;
x = 0,5.

 37
1
1 1
x = ; ) 17,5x 0,5 = 34,5;
2
3 6
1
1 1
x = + ; 17,5x = 34,5 + 0,5;
2
6 3
1 1
x = 35 : 17,5;
x= : ;
2 2

) 7x + 9 = 100;

) 1,4x 0,8 = 7; )

7x = 100 9;

1,4x = 7 + 0,8;

x = 91 : 7;

x = 7,8 : 1,4;

x = 13;

4
x= 5 ;
7

x = 1;

x = 2.

38
) 13x + 9 = 35 + 26x; 13x 26x = 35 9;

x = 26 : (13);

x = 2;

7
2
) x + 3 = x + 5 ;
9
3

1
x =2 ;
3

x = 6;

7
2
x x =53;
9
3

) 0,81x 71 = 1,11x +1; 0,81x 1,11x = 1 + 71;

2
1
1
1
1
) y y = y 5 ; y y = 5 ;
3
2
4
6
4

0,3x = 72; x = 240;

1
y = 5 ;
12

y = 60.

39
) u = 1,5, v = 2,4;
(1,5 + 2, 4) 2 = 0,92 = 0,81; 1,52 + 2, 42 = 2, 25 + 5,76 = 8,01 ;

) u = 3,1, v = 0,8;
(3,1 + (0,8)) 2 = 2,32 = 5, 29; 3,12 + (0,8) 2 = 9,61 + 0,64 = 10, 25 ;

) u = 14, v = 1,4;
(14 + 1, 4) 2 = 15, 42 = 237,16; 142 + 1, 42 = 196 + 1,96 = 197,96 ;

) u = 1,2, v = 2,8;
(1, 2 + (2,8)) 2 = 42 = 16; 1, 22 + 2,82 = 1, 44 + 7,84 = 9, 28 .

40
) 3x 2 = 10;
) 4y 1 = 3y + 5;

3x = 12;
x = 12 : 3;
4y 3y = 5 + 1;

x = 4;
y = 6.

41
) 2 5k = 4k + 12; 10k 4k = 12; 6k = 12; k = 2;
p 28p = 132 3;
) p + 3 = 4 (7p 33); p + 3 = 28p 132;
p = 5.
27p = 135;
42
5 1 5
) = ;
2 3 6
11 2 2 2 5 5
)
: = = ;
6 11 5 6 2 6

10

2 1
2 1 5
) 1 + 1 = + = ;
3 6
3 6 6

) (10 + 15) : 6 = 5 : 6 =

5
.
6

 43
4 9 25 9 25
16
1

=
= = 3 ;
5 5 5
5
5
5
7 3 3
7 16 3
16
1
) : =
= = 3 ;
5 16 7
537
5
5
1
) (17 + 1) : 5 = 16 : 5 = 3 ;
5
1 32 7 40 32
32 32
16
1

) 20 + 3
=

=
= = 3 .
2
165
2
165
2
165
5
5

) 5 + 1 =

44
17
1
5
7
) 8 2 2,7 4 : 0,65 = 9 ;
36
3
6
12
7
17
21
17
4
1
1) 8 2 = 8 2 = 6 = 6 ;
12
36
36
36
36
9
1
55 27 33
1

=
= 16 ;
9
9 10 2
2
1
13 20 20
2
3) 4 : 0,65 = =
=6 ;
3
3 13 3
3
1
2 33 20 99 40 56
5
4) 16 6 =
=
=
=9 ;
6
3 2
3
6
6
6

2) 6 2,7 =

8
11 13
) 1 + 1, 44 0,5625 = 2,32 ;
24
36
15

11 13
33 26
59
+
=1 +
=1 ;
24 36
72 72
72
59
131 144 131 2 262
2) 1 1, 44 =

=
=
= 2,62; ;
72
72 100
100
100
8
8 5625
375 15 25 3
0,5625 =
=
=
=
= 0,3 ;
3)
15
15 10000 1250 50 25 10

1) 1

4) 2,62 0,3 = 2,32;

21
1
2
8
) 6 4 4,5 2 : 0,52 = 5 ;
15
45
6
15

8
21
24
21
3
1
4 =6 4 =2 =2 ;
15
45
45
45
45
15
1
31 9 31 45 31 3 93
2) 2 4,5 = = =
=
= 9,3 ;
15
15 2 15 10
10
10
1
13 52 13 25 25
1
=
=
=4 ;
3) 2 : 0,52 = :
6
6 100 6 13 6
6

1) 6

11

1 93 25 279 125 154

2

=
=5
6 10 6
30
30
30
15
12
8
9
+ 1 1,32 0,1625 = 2, 24 ;
13
22 33
9
12 27
24
51 17
+1 =
+1 =1 =1 ;
22 33 66
66
66
22
17
39 132 39 6 234
1 1,32 =

=
=
= 2,34 ;
22
22 100 100 100
8
8 1625
125
1
0,1625 =
=
=
= 0,1 ; 4) 2,34 0,1 = 2,24.
13
13 10000 1250 10

4) 9,3 4 =
)
1)
2)
3)

45

) 18 (182 122) = 18 (324 144) 18 180 = 3240 ;

12 4
18 + 12
= = 0,8 ;
) 12 :
= 12 :15 =
15 5
2
) 18 + 18 : 12=18 + 1,5 = 19,5; ) 18 12 18 : 12 = 216 1,5 = 214,5.
46
7, 2 6, 4
) 7, 2
= 7, 2 0, 4 = 2,88 ;
2

) 6, 4 : 7, 22 6, 42 = 6, 4 : ( 51,84 40,96 ) = 6, 4 :10,88 =

6, 4
=
10,88

0,1
1 100 10
=
=
;
0,17 10 17 17
13
36 5
9 36 9 283 + 45 333
) 7,2 + 7,2 : 6,4 = 7,2 + = 7,2 + = + =
=
= 8 = 8,325 ;
40
5 32
8 5 8
40
40

) 7,2 6,4 7,2 : 6,4 = 46,08 1,125 = 44,955 .

47
A
3
2
1
0
B
2
4
6
3
C
7
3
5
2
4
13
34
1
A2 + 2 BC + 7
1

2
2
49
57
5
7
A + 3B + C
( A + B)( B + C )
( A + B)2
B( A + B + C )
ABC
( A + 3B )CA2
A2 B 2 + 2C

12

1
5
4
3
5

3
2
1
6
11

6
0
8
15
1
44

1
2

1
2

1
5

1
3

9
25

5
1
13

12
19

8
9

1
2

15
16

5
7

1
3

42
3
13

 48
1

2 : 2 1,8 0, 4 + 0,3
10

)
;
3,15 : 22,5
1
21
21
1) 2 : 2 = : 2 =
= 1,05 ;
10
10
20
2) 1,05 1,8 = 0,75; 3) 0,75 0,4 = 0,3; 4) 0,3 + 0,3 = 0;
1
1 1

1, 24 1 2,5 :
25
6 3

;
)
1, 4 : 0,1 2
1
1) 1, 24 1 = 1, 24 1,04 = 1, 2 ;
2) 1,2 2,5 = 3 ;
25
1 1 1 3 1
4) 3 0,5 = 2,5;
3) : = = = 0,5 ;
6 3 6 1 2
, .
49
3,5 1, 24
;
3

10 + 1, 6 : 0, 4 0, 4
5

3
3 2
6
1) 0, 4 = =
2) 0,24 0,4 = 0,16;
= 0, 24 ;
5
5 5 25

3) 1,6 : (0,16) = 160 : (16) = 10; 4) 10 + (10) = 0;

, ;
)

4, 2 : 2 1
;
1 5
1 1
+ 0,8
9 9
6 3

1
6

4 1
5 6

1) 0,8 = =

4
2
;
=
30 15

2)

2 1 2 5 3
1
=
=
= ;
15 3
15
15
5

3) 5 1 = 5 1 = 1 ;
4) 1 + 1 = 0 ;
9 9
9 5
95
9
, .
50
) 7 6 + 24 : 3 2 = 42 + 8 2 = 48 ;
) 7 (6 + 24 : (3 2)) = 7 (6 + 24) = 7 30 = 210 .
51
) (1 + 23 4) 5 = 20 5 = 100; ) 111 11 = 100;
) (5 + 5 + 5 + 5) 5 = 100;
) (1 + 23 4) 5 6 + 7 + 8 9 = 100.
52
1) 4 + 4 4 4 = 0;
2) 4 : 4 4 + 4 = 1;
3) 4 : 4 + 4 : 4 = 2;
4) (4 + 4 + 4) : 4 = 3;
5) (4 4) 4 + 4 = 4;
6) (4 4 + 4) : 4 =5;
7) (4 + 4) : 4 + 4 =6;
8) 44 : 4 4 = 7;
9) 4 4 4 4 = 8;
10) 4 + 4 + 4 : 4 = 9;
11) (44 4) : 4 = 10.
13

 2.
53
) a + b;

) d;

) x y;

) t : v.

54

) (z + x) : 2;

) (p q) : 2; ) x 2 ;

) y 3 .

55
) x + a b;

) y a : b;

) z : (x y).

) a (b + c);

56
) (m + n ) : 3; ) (p q) 2; ) (x + y) 2 z; ) p : (a + b) : 2.
57

) (a + b) 2 ;

) ( x y )3 ;

) t 2 w2 ;

) c3 + d 3 .

58

m+n
;
mn

cd
m2 + n2
; )
;
mn
2 (c + d )

59
) x 2;
) c d;

p3 q3
.
2 ( p + q)

) 8 z;
) p q.

60
) a b; ) x y;
) m n.
) z t;
61
) s p;
) u v;
) f q.
) p q;
62
) x y 2;
) a b 2;
) x y ;
) x y .
63
) a + b = b + a;
)ab = ba;
) a + (b c) = (a + b) c.
) a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c;
64
) , , .
) ,
, .
14

) , .
) ,
.
65
) .
) , .
) , .
) , .
66
) 3 x y.
) 2 a b.
) 2 p q.
) 3 z r.
67
) m n 2.
) t w 2.
) a b 3.
) p q 4.
68
) (a + b) c = a c + b c;
) a (b +c) = (a b) c;
69

) x (y z) = x y x z;
) a (b c) = (a b) + c

a ac
, ;
=
b bc

a x ax
=
;
b y b y

a c
= , ;
b b

a c a d ad
: = =
b d b c bc

70

) b =

a p
;
100

) a =

a c
= , ad=bc;
b d

b 100
;
p

a c


= ,
=

= .
b d

3.
71
) x y = 9;
72

) a : b = 2;

) a 18 = b; ) b + 39 = c;

) b = c;

) 2 p = 3 q.

) x : y = 6; ) a : b =

1
.
29
15

 73
) a + b = 43;

) m n = 214;

) a + b + 6 = ab;

74
) a + b = d c; ) a d = b + c; ) a = b + c + d;

) p q 17 = p : q.
) a + b = 2 (c d).

75
t v = 3.

76
3 x = 2 y.

77
5 b = 6 a.

78
x+25>3 x 15.

79

80

81

82

0,5a<0,5a + b.

x5,8=y + 14,2.

x+3,7=1,5 x5,36.

z z+6
.
=
3
4

83
5a + 3b = m.

84
(x+7) 34,7=x

85
(x8) 2=y + 8.

86
x+4x+x+50=470

87

88

89

d+15=4 d + 3.

x x + 2,5
.
=
5
4

c+4,8=1,4c5,2

90
) x ., y . .
) b ,
a . .
) ,
. 1 . ,
d .
) 6 m ,
11 n .
.
91
) , b.
,
.
) , b .
,

) z , . , .
) x , y . 3 , ,
.

16

 92
) a , b
. 7 ,
.
) a , b .
3 .
) , b.
2, 8 .
) . , b . . . ,
1 ., .
93
) , b. ,
4 .
1

) x, y.
3
.
) 5 d . ,
, .
) m, n. -

3 4,

1
.
7

94
) 7 . x .
, y.
) a, b.
3.
) B ., B
d . B 3 , B
.
8 .
) m, n.
, , 12.
95
x / .
(x +18) .
5 x = (x + 18) 2; 5 x 2 x =2 18; 3 x = 36;
x = 12 / .
18 + 12 = 30 / .
5 12 = 60 .
: 12, 30, 60.

17

 96
x .
(x + 86) .
x + x + 86 = 792; 2 x = 706; x = 353 .
353 + 86 = 439 .
: 353; 439.
97
x .
(x + 10) ,
(x 5) .
x + x +10 + x 5 = 215; 3 x = 210;
x = 70 .
70 + 10 = 80 .
70 5 = 65 .
: 65.
98
x .
3 x .
3 x + x = 460; 4 x =460; x = 115 .
115 3 = 345 .
: 345.
99
x .
2 x .
2 x + x = 48; 3 x = 48; x = 16 .
2 16 = 32 .
: 32.
100
x .
3 x .
(x + 3 x) 2 = 312; 4 x = 156;
x = 39 .
3 39 = 117 .
: 117, 39.
101
x .
(x + 10) .
x + x +10 = 346;
2 x = 336;
x = 168 .
168 + 10 = 178 .
: 168; 178.
18

 102
x .
1,2 x .
1,2 x + x = 39,6; 2,2 x = 39,6;
x = 18 .
1,2 18 = 21,6 .
: 18; 21,6.
103
x .
: x + 23 = 7 (x 1); x + 23 = 7 x 7; 6 x = 30; x = 5;
: 5.
104
x .
(x + 25) ,
x +25 + x = 35; 2 x = 10; x = 5 ; 5 + 25 = 30 .
105
x .
,
(x 1) , 3 (x 1) .
x 1 + 3 (x 1) = 84; 4 (x 1) = 84; x 1 = 21;
x = 22 .
84 22 = 62 .
: 22; 62.
106

) a + b = 7 a b; ) x = 3 y + 1;

) 3 (c d ) =

c
;
d

) a = 12 b + 5.

107
) N=10 a+b; ) M = 100 a+10 b+c; ) a 1000 + b 10; ) 100 r + 7.
108
t .
(t 3) .
22 t + 26 (t 3) = 306; 48 t = 306 + 78; t = 384 : 48;
t = 8 .
8 3 = 5 .
: 8; 5.
109
x .
2 x .
2 x 5 .
x + 2 x + 2 x 5 =75; 5 x = 80;
x = 16 .

19

2 16 = 32 .
32 5 = 27 .
: 36; 18; 31.
110
x .
1,5 x .
1,5 x + 110 .
x + 1,5 x + 1,5 x + 110 = 310; 4 x = 200;
x = 50 .
1,5 50 = 75 .
75 + 110 = 185 .
: 75; 50; 185.
111
x . AB.
2 x . BC.
(x + 4) . AC.
x + 2 x + x + 4 = 44; 4 x = 40; x = 10 . B.
2 10 = 20 . BC. 10 + 4 = 14 . .
: 10; 20; 14.
112
x .
3 x .
6 x .
x + 3 x + 6 x = 900; 10 x = 900;
x = 90 .
3 90 = 270 .
6 90 = 540 .
: 270; 540; 90.
113
x .

x
.
2

x
.
4
x
.
7
x x x
x x x
+ + +3= x ; x =3;
2 4 7
2 4 7
3 x
= 3 ; x = 28 .
28

: 28.
20

28 x 14 x 7 x 4 x
=3;
28

 114
x .
(30 x) .
48 x = 12 ( 30 x); 48 x + 12 x = 12 30;
x = 6 .
: 6.
115
x .
x x

x + + + 1 ,
2 4

x x
3 x
x + x + + +1= 100; 2 x +
= 99 ;
4
2 4
x = 36 .
: 36.

60 x = 360;

11 x
= 99 ; 11 x = 396;
4

116
x ; 4 = 12 .; 120 = 1200 .
(120 x) ; 3 = 9 .
12 x + (120 x) 9 = 1200; 12 x + 1080 9 x = 1200;
3 x = 1200 1080; x = 40 . 120 40 = 80 .
: 40; 80.

2.

4.
117
) 3 3 3 3 = 34;
) 7 7 7 7 7 7 = 76;

) 0,5 0,5 = ( 0,5 )2;

) 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 = ( 8,4 )5.

118
) x8; ) y5; ) z6; ) q3.
119
4

7
2
) (4)5; ) ; ) (2,5)3; ) 5 .
3
8

120
) ( c )4; ) ( d )3; ) ( r )5; ) ( s )6.
121
) ( ab )4; ) ( pq )3; ) ( mn )5; ) ( xy )6.
122
) ( c d )3; ) ( z + t )2; ) ( p q )4; ) ( x + y )6.

21

 123
2

1
) 135 53; ) 0,72 ; ) ( 0,45 )2 73; )
2

1
2
0,1 .
9

124
2

3
) 53 73; ) ( 0,3 )3 ; ) ( 7,95 )2 133; )
5

1
2
2 ( 17,8 ) .
3

125
) x x x x x x x x; ) ( y )3 ( y )3 ( y )3 ( y )3;
) ( 2a ) ( 2a ) ( 2a ) ( 2a ); ) ( 3b )2 ( 3b )2 ( 3b )2.
126
) 4pq 4pq;
2

) (z x) (z x) (z x);
2

a
a
) ;
b

127
) 2; ) 4; ) 32;

) 16.

128
) 27; ) 0; ) 8;

) 1.

5c
5c
5c
5c
5c

.
6d 6d 6d 6d 6d

129
) 25; ) 5; ) 125; ) 3125.
130

) 1; ) 81; )

1
1
; )
.
16
81

131
) 35 = 405;

) ( 0,5)4 = 0,0625;

27
3
;
) =
4
64

64
15
1
8
) 1 = =
=1 .
7
7
49
49

132

) 9 2; ) 49 2; ) 2,25 2; )

1
2.
16

133

) 2197 3; ) 64 3; ) 0,216 3; )

27 3
.
343

134
3

1
1
1
1
) ( 3)5 = 405; ) = ; ) (0,4)2 = 0,16; ) =
.
8
625
2
5
22

 135
) 171 = 17; ) 115 = 1; ) 321 = 32; ) 072 = 0.
136
) 72 = 49; ) ( 1)4 = 1; ) ( 0,5)3 = 0,125; ) 82 = 64.
137
3

1
1
) = ;
64
4

9
3
) =
;
100
10

8
2
) =
;
3
27

) ( 0,1)4 = 0,0001.

138
) 3 ( 4)2 = 3 16 = 48;
) ( 2)5 3 = 32 3 = 96;

) 81 71 = 8 7 = 56;
) ( 0,5)2 ( 2)2 = 0,25 4 = 1.

139
2

1 9 4 3
3
2
) 1 = = ; ) 34 = 81
3 16 3 4
4
3
3

1
) 1 : = 1 :
3

8
= 3 ( 8) = 24;
27

2 9 5 3
1
3
=
= 27; ) 1 =
3 25 3 5
5
27

140

)
)

0, 24 0,0016
=
= 0,00004 ;
40
40
1,8

( 0,3)

1,8
= 20 ;
0,09

)
)

1
3

( 0,1)
1,6

( 0, 4 )

( 0,001)

= 1000 ;

1,6
= 10 .
0,16

141
2

121
21
1
11
) 2 = =
=4 ;
25
25
5
5
3

1000
1
1
10
) 3 = =
;
= 37
3
3
27
27

625
58
2
5
) 1 = =
=7 ;
81
81
3
3
2

441
9
1
21
) 5 = =
= 27 .
4
4
16
16

142
) 29; ) 1845; ) ( 5)17; ) ( 9)12.

23

 143
) x7; ) ( ab )45; ) ( z y )105; ) ( r + s )31.
144
) 6 m; ) ( 7) n; ) a r; ) b m.
145
) ( xy ) n; ) ( cd ) m; ) ( m n ) r; ) ( t + v ) n.
146
) c r d n; ) ( a) n b r; ) ( a b ) m ( x z ); ) ( p q ) 2 ( x y) m.
147
S .
6 S .
S = 7 7 = 49 2; 6 49 = 294 2 .
: 294 2.
148
S , P , S = 9 = 3 3.
, .
P = 3 3 = 9 2; 9 4 = 36 2 .
: 36 2.
149
S .
S = 4 4 = 16 2; 16 200 = 3200 . = 3,2 . .
: 3,2 .
150
S , V .
S = 40 40 =1600 2 = 0,16 2; V = 1600 40 = 64000 3 = 0,064 3;
: 0,064 3.
151
) 3 24 + 2 34 = 3 16 + 2 81 = 48 + 162 = 210;
) 7 32 + 3 72 = 7 9 + 3 49 = 63 + 147 = 210;
) 5 33 + 3 52 = 5 27 + 3 25 = 135 + 75 = 210;
) 7 52 + 5 72 = 7 25 + 5 49 = 175 + 245 = 420.
152
) 7 103 8 102 = 7 1000 8 100 = 7000 800 = 6200;
) 92 3 + 100 (0,1)2 = 81 3 + 100 0,01 = 243 + 1 = 244.
153
2

1
1 1 2+3 5
1
) 27+(0,1)4 5000 = 27 + 0,0001 5000 = + =
= ;
81
3 2
6
6
9
2

1
1
) 100 : 52 128 = 100 : 25
128 = 4 2 = 2 .
64
8
24

 154
3

512 125 387

1
2
2
8
5
) 2 1 = =

=
= 14 ;
3
3
3
3
27
27
27
3




4

625 1089 1714 89

1
1
5
33
.
) 1 + 2 = =
+
=
=
256 256
256 128
4
16
4
16

155
) 228 = 2 114 = 2 2 57 = 2 2 3 19 = 22 3 19;
) 432 = 2 216 = 2 2 108 = 2 2 2 54 = 24 27 = 24 33;
) 600 = 2 300 = 2 2 150 = 23 75 = 23 5 15 = 23 52 3;
) 752 = 2 376 = 2 2 188 = 2 2 2 94 = 24 47.
156
) 3969 = 3 1323 = 3 3 441 = 3 3 3 147 = 34 49 = 34 72;
) 64800 = 2 32400 = 2 2 16200 = 23 8100 = 23 90 90 =
= 23 9 10 9 10 = 23 32 5 2 32 5 2 = 25 34 52;
) 21600 = 2 10800 = 2 2 5400 = 2 2 2 2700 = 2 3 27 100 =
= 23 3 3 3 10 10 = 23 33 2 5 2 5 = 25 33 52;
) 17640 = 2 8820 = 2 2 4410 = 2 2 2 2205 = 23 5 441 =
= 23 5 3 147 = 23 5 3 3 49 = 23 5 32 72.
157
) 22 23 22 + 3;
) 32 31 32 + 1;
2
3
5
1) 32 31 = 3 3 3 = 33;
1) 2 2 = 2 2 2 2 2 = 2 ;
2+3
5
=2.
2) 32 + 1 = 33.
2) 2
: .
: .
) 41 43 41 + 3;
) 71 72 71 + 2;
1
2
3
1) 41 43 = 4 4 4 4 = 44;
7 7 =777=7 ;
1+2
3
=7.
2) 41 + 3 = 44.
7
: .
: .

5.
158
N
3n
5n
7n

1
3
5
7

2
9
25
49

3
27
125
343

4
81
625
2401

5
243
3125
16807

6
729
15625
117649

159

) 16 = 42; )

4 2
25 5
= ; ) 0,81 = (0,9)2; )
=
49 7
64 8

160

) 125 = 53; )

1 1
343 7
= ; ) 0,216 = ( 0,6)3; )
= .
64 4
512 8

25

 161
) 1; ) 1; ) 1; ) 1.
162
) 0; ) 0; ) 1; ) 0.
163
) ( 1)10 + 012 + 145 = 1 + 0 + 1 = 2;
) ( 1)6 + ( 1)7 08 = 1 1 0 = 0;
) 012 + 141 + ( 1)11 = 0 + 1 1 = 0;
) 0502 114 + 113 + ( 1)2 = 0 1 + 1 + 1 = 1.
164
) ( 1)4 + ( 1)3 + ( 1)2 + ( 1) = 1 1 + 1 1 = 0;
) ( 1)7 + 18 + 015 + 119 + ( 1)4 = 1 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 1 = 2;
) ( 1)2 ( 1)3 ( 1)4 ( 1)5 = 1 ( 1) 1 ( 1) = 2;
) ( 1)12 + 01 124 + 03 (1)5 = 1 + 0 1 + 0 + 1 = 1.
165
) 103 = 1000; ) 104 = 10000; ) 105 = 100000; ) 107 = 10000000.
166
) 1000000000 = 109; ) 10 = 101; ) 1000000 = 106; ) 10 n.
167
2

1
1
) ( 2)5 = 32; ) ( 3)4 = 81; ) ( 0,5)3 = 0,125; ) =
.
16
4
168
) ( 2,5)2 + 1,52 = 6,25 + 2,25 = 8,5;
2

16

16 4

12

;
) =
=
=
=
81 81
81
81 27
3
9
) ( 0,5)3 + ( 0,4)2 = 0,125 + 0,16 = 0,035;
1

3+ 4

.
) =
=
+
=
=
36 27 36 27 108 108
6
3
169
) a2 0; ) a2 0; ) (x + 5)2 0; ) 3 (x 7)2 0.
170
) x2 + y2 0;
) 5 (a2 + b2) 0;
171
) 2 r = 512;
r=9
: 9

26

) (a + 51)2 + (b2 13)2 0;

) 94 (x + y)2 0.
) 5 m = 625;
m=4
: 4

) 7 m = 343;
m=3
: 3

) 3 r = 729
r=6
: 6

 172
) 3 104 + 4 104 + 7 103 + 2 102 + 8 10 + 4 =
= 30000 + 40000 + 7000 +200 + 80 + 4 = 77284;
) 8 106 + 9 103 + 5 = 8000000 + 9000 + 5 = 8009005;
) 1 104 + 1 102 + 1 = 10000 + 100 + 1 = 10101;
) 3 105 + 5 103 + 4 102 + 8 = 300000 + 5000 + 400 + 8 = 305408.
173
) 17285 = 10000 + 7000 + 200 + 80 + 5 =
= 1 104 + 7 103 + 2 102 + 8 10 + 5;
) 213149 = 200000 + 10000 + 3000 + 100 + 40 + 9 =
= 2 105 + 1 104 + 3 103 + 1 102 + 4 10 + 9;
) 1495643 = 1000000 + 400000 + 90000 + 5000 + 600 + 40 + 3 =
= 1 106 + 4 105 + 9 104 + 5 103 + 6 102 + 4 10 + 3;
) 75003400 = 70000000 + 5000000 + 3000 + 400 =
= 7 107 + 5 106 + 3 103 + 4 102.
174
) = 1, 2 = 12 = 1, ( )2 = ( 1)2 = 1, 2 = 12 = 1.
= 1, 2 = ( 1)2 = 1, ( )2 = 12 = 1, 2 = ( 1)2 = 1.
= 0, 2 = 02 = 0, ( )2 = ( 0)2 = 0, 2 = 02 = 0.
= 10, 2 = 102 = 100, ( )2 = ( 10)2 = 100.
2 = 102 = 100.
) b = 1, b4 = 14 = 1, ( b)5 = ( 1)5 = 1, b5 = 15 = 1.
b = 0, b4 = 04 = 0, ( b)5 = ( 0)5 = 0, b5 = 05 = 0.
b = 1, b4 = ( 1)4 = 1, ( b)5 = 15 = 1, b5 = ( 1)5 = 1.
b = 10, b4 = 104 = 10000, ( b)5 = ( 10)5 = 100000.
b5 = 105 = 100000.
) c2 + ( c)3 + c4.
c = 1, 12 + ( 1)3 + 14 = 1 1 + 1 = 1.
c = 0, 02 + ( 0)3 + 04 = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0.
c = 10, 102 + ( 10)3 + 104 = 100 1000 + 10000 = 9100.
c = 1, ( 1)2 + 13 + ( 1)4 = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3.
) d4 d2 + d + 1.
d = 1, ( 1)4 ( 1)2 + ( 1) + 1= 1 1 1 + 1 = 0.
d = 0, 04 02 + 0 + 1= 0 0 + 0 + 1 = 1.
d = 1, 14 12 + 1 + 1= 1 1 + 1 + 1 = 2.
d = 10, 104 102 + 10 + 1= 10000 100 + 10 + 1 = 9911.
175

)
)

24 24
16 16
48 16
64
1

= = = = 7 ;
3
9
3 9
9
9
9
9

( 2 )2 52
3

4 25 2 25
23
3

=
= = 5 ;
8 4 4 4
4
4

27

)
)

( 2 )3
5

14
3

8 3
32 + 15
47
7
= =
=
= 2 ;
5
4
20
20
20
2
3

24

( 3)

14 16 14 48
34
7
=
=
= 1 .
27 9
27
27
27

176
) 322 > 0;

) ( 54)2 > 0;
1

) 32 23;

) ;
3
2

1) 32 = 9; 2) 23 = 8.

1) = ; 2) = .
9
4
3
2

: 32 > 23.

: > .
2
3

) ( 0,3)3 < ( 0,3)2;

) = ;
5
5

177
) ( 17,2)2 > ( 17,2)3;
3

) > .
5
5

178
1
7

) ( 7)3 < ( 0,4)3 < ( )3 < ( 1,5)2;

1
3
3
7
2
) ( )3 < (0,8)3 < ( 1,1)2 < ( 1,5)2;
3
3 3
2
) ( ) < (0,3)2 < ( ) 2 2 < ( 1,2)2.
4
5

) (1 )3 < ( )3 < ( 1,8)2 < ( 2,1)2;

179
) 2 n = 1024; 3 r =81;
n =10;
n + r = 10 + 4 = 14.
: 14.
180
) 22x = 128;
2x = 7;
x = 3,5.
: 3,5.

28

) 3 x 3 = 243;
x 3 = 5;
x = 8.
: 8.

) 7 n = 49; 5 r = 625.
r = 4; n = 2; r = 4;
n + r = 2 + 4 = 6.
: 6.
) 5 x : 2 = 125;
x : 2 = 3;
x = 6.
: 6.

) 2 2 3x = 256;
2 3x = 8;
x = 2.
: 2.

 6.
181
) x2 x3 = x5; ) y6 y4 = y10; ) z5 z12 = z17; ) t10 t24 = t34.
182
) a5 a = a6; )b b6 = b7; )c7 c = c8; )d n d = d n+1.
183
) s3 s5 s8 = s3 + 5+ 8 = s16;
) m13 m8 m = m13 + 8 + 1 = m22;

) r14 r12 r51 = r14 + 12 + 51 = r67.

) n4 n n10 = n4 + 1 + 10 = n15.

184
) u15 u23 u u7 = u15 + 23 + 1 + 7 = u46; ) r4 r12 r51 = r4 + 12 +51 = r67;
) v3 v9 v4 v = v3 + 9 + 4 + 1 = v17; ) q13 q8 q7 q21 = q13 + 8 + 7 + 21 =q49.
185
) ( a b )3 ( a b )2 = ( a b )3 + 2 = ( a b )5;
) ( c + d )7 ( c + d )8 = ( c + d )7 + 8 = ( c + d )15;
) ( q + r )15 ( q + r )8 = ( q + r )15 + 8 = ( q + r )23;
) ( m n )5 ( m n )4 = ( m n )5 + 4 = ( m n )9.
186
) ( ax )5 ( ax )7 ( ax ) = ( ax )5 + 7 + 1 = ( ax )13;
) ( cd )8 ( cd )8 ( cd ) = ( cd )8 + 8 + 1 = ( cd )17;
) ( cd )8 ( cd )8 ( cd ) = ( cd )8 + 8 + 1 = ( cd )17;
) ( pq)13 ( pq) ( pq ) = ( pq)13 + 1 ( pq ) = ( pq )15.
187
) x7 x18;
188
) r3 = r11;
11 3 = 8;
r3 r8 = r11;

) x9 x16;

) x24 x;

) x x24.

) r14 = r10; ) r13 r18 = r43;

10 14 = 4; 43 13 18 = 12;
r 4 r14 = r10; r13 r12 r18 = r43;

) r21 r11 = r40;

40 21 11 = 8;
r8 r21 r11 = r40.

189
) r12 r3 = r26;
26 12 3 = 11;
11 = 5 + 6;
r12 r5 r3 r6 = r26;
) r44 r = r51;
51 44 1 = 6;
6 = 3 + 3;
r44 r3 r r3 = r51;

) r7 r9 r13 = r48;
48 7 9 13 = 19;
19 = 9 + 10;
r9 r7 r10 r9 r13 = r48;
) r r14 r20 = r72;
72 1 14 20 = 37;
37 = 17 + 20;
r r14 r17 r20 r20 = r72.

190
) 25 24 = 25 + 4 = 29 = 512;
) 72 7 = 72 + 1 = 73 = 343;

) 33 32 = 33 + 2 = 35 = 243;
) 9 92 = 91 + 2 = 93 = 729.
29

 191
) 4 2 = 22 2 = 22 + 1 = 23;
) 64 512 = 26 29 = 26 + 9 = 215;

) 32 8 = 25 23 = 25 + 3 = 28;
) 16 32 = 24 25 = 24 + 5 = 29.

192
) 5 25 = 5 52 = 51 + 2 = 53;
) 54 125 = 54 53 = 54 + 3 = 57;

) 53 625 = 53 54 = 53 + 4 = 57;
) 59 3125 = 59 55 = 59 + 5 = 514.

193
) a = ( 13)9 ( 13)8;
9 + 8 = 17 .
: .
) = ( 28)2 ( 28)6;
2 + 6 = 8 .
: .

) a = ( 17)17 ( 17)71;
17 + 71 = 88 .
: .
) = ( 43)41 ( 43)14;
41 + 14 = 55 .
: .

194
) x 73 = 75;
) 122 x = 123;
) 46 x = 48;
) x 56 = 59;
5
3
3
2
8
6
x=7 :7;
x = 12 : 12 ;
x=4 :4;
x = 59 : 56;
2
1
2
x=7;
x = 12 ;
x=4;
x = 53;
x = 49.
x =12.
x =16.
x = 125.
: 49.
: 12.
: 16.
: 125.
195
) x7 : x4 = x7 4 = x3;
) y16 : y12 = y16 12 = y4;
) z13 : z = z13 1 = z12;
) m28 : m27 = m28 27 = m1 = m.
196
) a12 : a10 : a = a12 10 1 = a1 = a;
) b45 : b15 : b29 = b45 15 29 = b1 = b;
3
311
1
) c : c : c = c
= c = c;
) d43 : d14 : d5 = d43 14 5 = d24.
197
) (a b)3 : (a b)2 = (a b)3 2 = (a b)1 = (a b);
) (z + r)13 : (z + r)8 : (z + r)3 = (z + r)13 8 3 = (z + r)2;
) (c + d)8 : (c + d)5 = (c + d)8 5 = (c + d)3;
) (m n)42 : (m n)12 : (m n)29 = (m n)42 12 29 = (m n)1 = (m n).
198
) 1013 : 108 = 1013 8 = 105 = 100000; ) 1217 : 1216 = 1217 16 = 12;
) (324)3:(324)2=( 324)3 2 = 324; ) 0,75127:0,75126=0,75127 26=0,751;
199

78
7

= 73 = 343;

0,67

= 0,62 = 0,36;

0,6

30

( 0, 2 ) = ( 0,2)4 = 0,0016;
( 0, 2 )2

1
1
1
1
1
3
) 3 = 1 = 1 .
3
3
1
1
3

 200
18

18 17

17

) 1
3

: 1
3

1
3

= 1
3
1

=1 ;
1

64

) 2 : 2 = 2
7
7
7

23

) 3
9

: 3
9
15

21

) 1
8

14

23 21

29

15 14

841

31

201
) x5 : x2 = x3; ) x18 : x7 = x11;

= 1 = 1 .
8
8

= 1
8

= =
= 10 ;
81
81
9

= 3
9

: 1
8

225
29
15
=4 ;
=
49
49
7

) x49 : x36 = x13; ) x104 : x5 = x99.

202
) x52 : x10 : x2 = x52 10 2 = x40;
) x45 : x30 : x15 x = x45 30 15 + 1 = x;

) r44 r20 r : r14 = r44 + 20 + 1 14 = r51;

) x100 : x26 : x = x100 26 1 = x73.

203
) 128 n : 12856 = 12842;
) 2163 : 216 n = 216;
) 395 n : 395 = 3959;
) 5484 : 548 n = 5483;

n = 98;
n = 2;
n = 10;
n = 1;

204
) x : 25 = 23;
x = 23 25;
x = 28;
x = 256.
: 256.

n 56 = 42;
3 n =1;
n 1 = 9;
4 n = 3;

) 36 : x = 34;
x = 36 : 34;
x = 32;
x = 9.
: 9.

: 98.
: 2.
: 10.
: 1.

) 78 : x = 74;
x = 78 : 74
x = 74;
x = 2401.
: 2401.

) x : 52 = 5;
x = 5 52;
x = 53;
x = 125.
: 125.

205

)
)

73 712
14

= 73+12 14 = 71 = 7 ;

15 1513
12

15

= 151 + 13 12 = 152 = 225; )

1015 107

= 1015 + 7 19 = 103 = 1000;

1019
4312
6

43 43

4312
4311

= 4312 11 = 43 .

206
16

( 0,3)

12

0,3
13

0,3

15

0,3

13

0,3

= 0,32 = 0,09 ;

17

7 7 7
2


49
8
8
8
7
) 15 = 15 = =
;
8
64

7
7


8
8

31

1

0,09 0,09
0,09
3
2
)
=
= 0,09 = 0,0081 ;)
7
7
0,09
0,09
5

207

)
)

x 5 x8
x3

c12 c10
c

x13

21

x3

= x10 ;

c 22
c

21

y 7 y9

=c;

y5

208
) ( x3 )2 = x3 2 = x6;
) ( x7 )12 = x7 12 = x84;

15

y16

d 18 d 12

1
1

4

3 = 3 = 1 = 1 .

1
1
81
3
3
3

y5
=

= y11 ;

d 30
d

15

= d 15 .

) ( x5 )6 = x5 6 = x30;
) ( x10 )13 = x10 13 = x130.

209
) ( 28 )5; ) ( 210 )4; ) ( 220 )2; ) ( 24 )10.
210
) ( m6 )3; ) ( m16 )3; ) ( a18 )3; ) ( b7 )3.
211
) ( 73 )2 = 73 2 = 76 = 117649;
) ( 42 )3 = 42 3 = 46 = 4096;

) ( 33 )2 = 33 2 = 36 = 729;
) ( 22 )5 = 22 5 = 210 = 1024.

212
) ( a6 )5 = a6 5 = a30;
) ( z4 )3 = z4 3 = z12;

) ( b2 )7 = b2 7 = b14;
) ( p12 )2 = p12 2 = p24.

213
) ( a3 )6 a4 = a3 6 + 4 = a22;
) c6 ( c2 )3 = c6 + 2 3 = c12;

) b5 ( b3 )4 = b5 + 3 4 = b17;
) ( d8 )4 d23 = d8 4 + 23 = d55.

214

a 2 a5 : a6
7

14

a a :a

a 2 + 5 6
a

7 + 8 14

a
=1 ;
a

b13 b12 : b3
b

20

b :b

b13+12 3
b

20 + 4 1

z 3 z17 q 43 q 2 z 3+17 q 43+ 2

= 19 44 = z q ;
)
z19
q 44
z
q

m79 m 4 m63 m57 m79 + 4 m63+ 57

1

= 16 m 24 = m8 .
m99
m96
m99
m96
m

215
) y3; ) y6; ) y10; ) y20.
216
) ( x5 )4 ( x6 )7 = x5 4 + 6 7 = x20 + 42 = x62;
) ( y8 )2 ( y12 )3 = y8 2 + 12 3 = y16 + 36 = y52;

32

b 22
b

23

1
;
b

) ( z13 )3 ( z5 )9 = z13 3 + 5 9 = y39 + 45 = y84;

) ( t25 )2 ( t10 )4 = t25 2 + 10 4 = y50 + 40 = y90.
217
) ( z5 )6 : z7 = z5 6 7 = z30 7 = z23; ) ( p3 )4 : p10 = p3 4 10 = p12 10 = p2;
) ( u14 )3 : u20 = u14 3 20 = u42 20 = z22;
) ( q8 )6 : q70 = q8 6 70 = q48 70 = q 22.
218

( x3 )
)

x7

x34 + 7

x15

x15

x19
x15

( y5 ) ( y 2 ) = y57+ 24 = y 43 = y ;
)
14
y 314
y 42
( y3 )
3
d 2 ) d 15 d 23+15 d 21
(
=
= 12 = d 9 .
)
43
4 3
d
d
(d )
7

=x ;

( c3 ) c5 = c35+5 = c20 = c2 ;
)
3
63
18
( c6 ) c c
5

219
) ( x3 )n = x 3n; ) ( yn )5 = y5n; ) ( a4 )2n = a8n; ) ( b3 )6n = b18n.
220

( )

26 23

18

(3 )

6 2

3 9

26 + 35

362
3+ 2

18

312
5

221
18

(56 )
)

=2 =8 ;

= 37 = 2157 ;

58

22

47 16

( )
4

2 4

563+8
5

47 + 2
4

24

22

49
48

526
5

22

= 54 = 625 ;

=4.

7.

221
) (2a)4 = 24 a4; ) ( 3b )5 = 35 b5; ) ( 6n )3 = 63 n3; ) ( 8n )2 = 82 n2.
222
) ( 2p)3 = ( 2)3 p3;
) ( 7c)2 = ( 7)2 c2;

) ( 5q)4 = ( 5)4 q4;

) ( 3d)5 = ( 3)5 d5.

223
) ( mn )6 = m6 n6; ) ( ab )4 = a4 b4; ) ( pq )3 = p3 q3; ) (cd)10=c10 d10.
224
) ( ac )17 = ( a)17 c17; ) ( am )8 = ( a)8 m8;
) ( rs )3 = ( r)3 s3; ) ( xy )12 = ( x)12 y12.
225
) ( xy3 )2 = x2 y6; ) ( a2bc3 )4 = a8 b4 c12;
) ( p3cd6 )18 = p54 c18 d108; ) ( u5v4t7 )8 = u40 v32 t56.

33

 226
) ( 3p2r8 )5 = 35 p10 r40;
) ( 10a2b5 )4 = 104 a8 b20;
227
) 36a2 = (6a)2;

) ( 6a5bx3 )3 = 63 a15 b3 x9;

) ( 4r5q8p9 )2 = 42 r10 q16 p18.

) 49b2 = (7b)2;

228
) a2 b2 c2 = (abc)2;
) m5 n5 s5 = (mns)5;

) 81c2 = (9c)2;

) 64d2 = (8d)2.

) x3 y3 z3 = (xyz)3;
) p12 q12 r12 = (pqr)2.

229
) 125 c3 d3 z3 = (5cdz)3;
) 16 x4 y4 z4 = (2xyz)4;
2
2
2
2
) 81 m p q = (9mpq) ; ) 32 r5 s5 q5 = (2rsq)5.
230
) a2 b10 = (ab5)2;
) x2 y4 z24 = (xy2z12)2;

) x8 y12 = (x4y6)2;
) p8 q10 z30 = ( p4q5z15 )2.

231
) x4 y6 = (x2y3)2;
) 81 c8 d16 f28 = ( 9c4d8f14 )2;

) 16 q18 r34 = (4q9r17 )2;

) 121 m12 n16 r54 = ( 11m6n8r27 )2.

232
) 23 53 = 2 2 2 5 5 5 = (2 5) (2 5) (2 5) = 103 = 1000;
) 1 ;
) 0,66 56 = (0,6 5)6 = 36 = 729;
3
35

35 6 2

35 12

) =
=
= = .
8
24 7 5 24 7 5 24 35 2
233
12

) =
b

a12
b12

17

; )
d

c17
d 17

; ) =
b

a4

234
6

7x
26 a 6 64a 6
7 2 x 2 49 x 2
2a
; ) = 2 2 =
;
= 6 6 =
6
3b
3 b
729b
8 y
64 y 2
8y

c5
c5
33 m3
27 m3
c
3m
; ) = 3 3 =
.
=
= 5
5
5
2d
5n
2 d
32d
5 n
125n3

235
2

35
310 59049
) 2 = 4 =
;
7
2401
7

34

c5

; ) = 5 .
d
d
b4

25
210 1024
399
) 2 = 4 =
;
=1
5
625
625
5

b 2
b8
b8
;
= 4 =
8
4096
8

( 3)3
36
729
.
= 4 =
2
2401
(
7)
7

236
)

79 7
3
= ; ) 9 = ;
5
5
11 11
3

m3 m
= ;
8 2

c4 c
= .
16 2

237
) b3x3=(bx)3; ) 25a4=(5a2)2; ) 32x10y5 = (2x2y)5; ) 16a8b12 = ( 2a2b3 )4.
238
) 85 0,1255 = (8 0,125)5 = 15 = 1; ) 46 0,256 = (4 0,25)6 = 16 = 1;
) 54 0,44 = (5 0,4)4 = 24 = 16; ) 1,257 87 = (1,25 8)7 = 107 = 10000000.
239
5

5 7

125

17

=4
) = = =
;
27
27
7 3 7 3 3
10

10

10

7 8

) = = 110 = 1 ;
8
7
8
7
5

12

5 12

3 8

) = = 26 = 64 ; ) = = 24 = 16 .
6 5 6 5
4 3
4 3
240
)

56 125
25

25 8
43

56 53

(5 )

2 4

25 23

(22 )3

59
8

28
26

=5;

= 22 = 4 ; )

311 27
9

16
47 64

311 27
2 6

(3 )

(24 )6
(22 )7 26

314
312
=

= 32 = 9;

224
220

= 24 = 16 .

241
)

28 38
66

( 2 3)8 = 68

711 911
6310

66

66

= 62 = 36 ; )

( 7 9 )11 = 6311 = 63 ; )
10
10
63

63

35 45
123
28 88
167

( 3 4 )5 = 125 = 122 = 144 ;

( 2 8)8 = 168

123

167

123

167

= 16 .

242
)
)

27 2 94
812
102
26 56

27 2 (32 )4
812
1012

( 2 5 )6

1012
106

( 27 3)2 36
812

= 36 = 729 ;

= 106 = 1000000 ;

35

516 316

1514

( 5 3)16
1514

1516

= 152 = 225 ;

1514

126
35 45

126

( 3 4 )5

126
125

= 12 .

243
( x 8 ) 4 ( x 5 )9

( x15 ) 4 ( x 4 ) 4
x17 x 23

( x8 ) 3 x 5 ( x 2 ) 5
( x45 )2 : ( x40 )2

)
)

= 5;

5 4

11

(x ) : x

x154 + 44

=104;

= 1347 ;

( x51)2 ( x14 )7 x
300

x84 + 59

25 4

: (x )

= 349 .

=5;

x17 + 23
x83+ 5+ 25

x452402
5411

x
x

= 5;

x 60 +16

= 349 ;

x 77
x 76

x 40

= 104 ;

= 1347 ;

x512+147+1
300254

x32 + 45

x 24 + 5+10

x90 80
x

20 11

= 5 ; x = 5.

= 1347 ;

x102+98+1
300100

x 40

= 104 ;

x10

= 349 ;

= 104 ; x=104.

x39

x9

= 1347 ; x=1347.

x 201
x 200

= 349 ; x=349.

8.
244
2

.
3
2

= =
;
27
3

) R = 3;
3

= = ;
3
3

) R = 1;
3

) R = 0;
3
) R = 5;
3

= =1;
3

32

= =
;.
243
3

245
) a = 1; a5 = 15 = 1 ;
) a = 0; a5 = 05 = 0 ;
) a = 2; a5 = ( 2)5 = 32 ; ) a = 10; a5 = 105 = 100000 .
246
1

) < ; < 1 ;
9
3 3
3
0
) ( 2) < ( 2) ; 8 < 1;

1
1 1
< 1;
) < ;
4 4 16
) 50 < 54 . 1 < 625.

247
0

3
3
1
) - 23 < 20 ;) > ; ) < (2)0 ;

8 < 1;
36

4
4
2
9
1
1 > ; < 1 ; 3125 < 1.
16
4

) 55 < 50 .

 248
) 35 + 44 + 80 = 243 + 256 + 1 = 500;
2

1 7

32 + 9

41

=
;
) + = + 1 =
9 8
72
72
3 2 8
) 30 25 152 = 1 32 225 = 193;
) (1,5)3 + 44 + 150 =3,375 + 256 + 1 = 260,375.

249
) a12 a5 : a17 = a12 + 5 17 = a0 = 1;
) b13 : b5 : b8 = b13 5 8 = b0 = 1;

) c9 : (c5 c4) = c9 (5 + 4) = c0 = 1;
) d15 d4 : d19 = d15 + 4 19 = d0 = 1.

250
) (a b)10 (a b) : (a b)11 = (a b)10 + 1 11 = (a b)0 = 1;
p

5 + 3 8

= =1;
) : =
2 2 2 2
2
) (r + l)4 : (r + l)3 (r + l)2 : (r + l)3 = (r + l)4 3 + 2 3 = (r + l)0 =1;
) (pq)14 (pq)13 : (pq)27 = (pq)14 + 13 27 = (pq)0 = 1.

251
2

5 25
) :
2 4
3

0
2
2
0
5 5 5
5
= : 1 = = 1 ;
2 2 2
2
5

) : = : =
3 9 3 3 3 3
3
1

3+ 2 5

1
= = 1 ;
3

) 1,54 : ( 1,5)3 ( 1,5)2 : 1,5 = 1,53 : ( 1,5) = 1,52 = 2,25;

8 2

16

) : = : 1 = .
3
27 3 81 3 3
252

)
)

1,62 3,80 160, 4 + 0, 42

1,88 0, 2

1, 22 1,82
0

1, 2 0,6 1,80 0,96

2,56 1 6, 4 + 0,16 2,72 6, 4 3,68

=
=
= 2 ;
1,88 0,04
1,84
1,84

1, 44 3, 24 1,8
=
=5;
0,6 0,96 0,36
2

3
3
1
3
(120)3 1 + 43 0,1 =
13 + 64 0.1 =
2
4
4

2
9
= 0,75 1 + 6,4 =5,4 1,5 = 3,9;
4
1
0 5
52 0,2 = 15 36 : 6 25 0,2 = 1 6 5 = 10.
) (( 8) ) 62
6

37

 3. .
9. .
253
1 2 3
a bc ;
2

) 3xy ;

3 ;

1
;
2

xy ;
) 0,3c5d9 ;
0,3 ;
c5d9 ;

a2bc3 ;
) ( 2)3u nz nw n ;
( 2)3 ;
u nz nw n .

254
) 0 ; 0 . ) y ; y ;
)0,6; 0,6. ) zn; zn .
255

) x y ;

) 2(c2 + d2) ;

3 p3
4q 4

c3 + d 3
c3 d 3

256

9c
;
3d

) 12m3n2 ;
12 ;
m3n2 ;

18m3

19n3
6cd
)
;
11
6
;
11

cd .

257
) 6a2b3, 0,5ab8; ) a8b9, a3b4; ) 3ab, 3a10b; ) 6a2b, 10a2b.
258
) 4pq3, 20pq3, 0,1pq3; ) 3p2q, 3p8q4, 3pq10.
259
) x = 0 7x3 = 7 03 =0;
x = 1 7x3 = 7 13 =7; x = 1 7x3 = 7 ( 1)3 = 7;
) y = 2 9y2 = 9 22 = 36;
y = 2 9y2 = 9 ( 2)2 = 36; y = 10 9y2 = 9 102 = 900;
) c = 15, d = 2; 0,04cd2 = 0,04 15 ( 2)2 = 0,6 4 = 2,4;
3
3
3
8 = 3.
) p = 1, q = 2; pq3 = 1 23 =
8
8
8
38

 260
) 3m4 m = 3m5;
) 5x 10y2 = 50xy2;
) 42y5 y8 y12 = 42y25;
) 7z3 4t8 = 28z3t8;

3 ;
50 ;
42 ;
28 ;

m5 ;
xy2 ;
y25 ;
z3t8 .

261
) 7a 3b 4c = 84abc;
84 ;
abc ;

) 15q 2p2 4r5 = 120qp2r5;

120 ;
qp2r5 ;
1
) 8u4 4v3 ( 2w5) = 64u4v3w5; ) c12 2d18 s10 = c12d18s10;
2
64 ;
1 ;
u4v3w5 ;
c12d18s10 .
262
) a2b10cd2; a = 0,2, b = 1, c = 15, d = 2;
a2b10cd2 = 0,22 ( 1)10 15 ( 2)2 = 0,04 1 15 4 = 2,4;
4 34 6
s t r ; s = 1, t = 2, r = 1;
9
4 34 6 4 3 4
4
64
1
=7 .
s t r = 1 2 ( 1)6 =
16 1 =
9
9
9
9
9

263
) 13a 2b 4b 8a = 104a2 8b2 = 832a2b2;
832 , a2b2 .
) 52 pq2 ( 4)2 qpq = 25 16 p2 q4 = 400 p2 q4;
400 , p2q4 ;
) 43c3d6 ( 5)2cd2c4d = 64 25 c8d9 = 1600c8d9;
1600 , c8d9 ;
) 24x9y8 ( 2)2( x)4( y)3 = 16 4 x13y11 = 64x13y11;
64 , x13y11 .
264
1
9

) 0,45a2bc5 1 a7b6c =

9 10 9 7 6
9 7 6
a b c = 0,5a b c ;
20 9

0,5 , a5b7c6 ,
) 0,4b3x4y

1
2 1
1 4 7 8
bx3y7 = b4x7y8 =
bxy;
24
5 24
60

1
, b4x7y8 ;
60
1 2 2
) 6p4n3 3 n p = 2p6n5; 2 , p6n5 ;
1 3 4 1
1
) 3a2b4 9 a b = a5b8; , a5b8 .
3
3

39

 265

) 17x ny8z3 2xy5z4 = 34x n + 1y13z7;

34 , x n + 1y13z7 ;
1

5 6
) 12p3q2r10 12 pr q = p4q8r15;

1 , p4q8r15 ;
1

6
) 2x3c5d3 2 c dx = 2x4c11d4;

2 , x4c11d4 ;

n r m
) 99a ms nt n 33 a s t = 3am + ns n + r t n + m;

3 , am + n sn + r tn + m .
266
) 1. 3ab 4a2 = 12a3b;
2. 2,5b 2 5a3 = 12,5a3b2;
2
2
4. 7a2b 12ab = 84a3b.
3. 1,2a 5b = 6a b;
2- 4- .
2. 1,4p2 15pq = 21p3q;
) 1. 8pq 3p2 = 24p3q;
3
3
4. 4,3p23q = 12,9p2q.
3. 0,7 12p = 8,4p ;
1- 2- .
2. 0,25t4 4s = st4;
) 1. 0,125st2 8t2 = st4;
5
6
4. 0,2st 14t3 = 2,8st4.
3. 2,5t 8st = 20st ;
1-, 2- 4- .
) 1. 15mn3 2m2 = 30m3n3; 2. 4m3 3n2 = 12m3n2;
4. 2m2n 6,4n2 = 12,8m2n3.
3. 7,8n3 5m2 = 39n3m2;
3- 4- .

10.
267
) 3a 4a ;
) 3y3 3y3 ;

) 19x2 35x2 ;
) mn 5mn .

268

) 3a2b3c 4a2b3c ;

2 3 4
9 3 4
xyz
x y z ;
7
10

) 0,2m2n4p8 0,38m2n4p8 ;
)

3 3 2 5 11 3 2 5
rst
r s t .
13
18

269
) 7a2 3a3 ;

) 6x2 15x5 ;

) 17,8c3d6 3,01c12d 4 ;

40

1 2
1
y z yz2 .
2
3

 270
) 1,7x2y6 5,1x2y6;

) 10,8a2b2c9 3,6a2b2c9;

) c3d12z5 3c3d12z5;

1 2 8 14
m n p m2n8p14.
3

271
) 3x2y; 7x2y; 0,25x2y ;

) 12a2b2; 5a2b2; 2,04a2b2 ;

) 9c5d12; 0,1c5d12; c5d12 ;

1 11 15 3 11 15
m n ; m n .
7
8

272
12
12 9
m m3 m5 =
m;
13
13
1
) 36m3 m 2 m 0,1 m4 = 7,2m9; ) m13 m7 0,5 = m20.
2

) m m2 m3 8 m =8m7;

) ) .
273
) 3x + 5x = 8x; ) 6y + 7y = 13y; ) 3p + 5p + p = 9p; ) 7q+9q+4q = 20q.
274
) 1,2c + 1,2c = 2,4 c;
1
1
3
) m + m = m;
2
4
4

275
) 13x2 + 20x2 = 33x2;

1 7 3 7 13 7
p + p =
p ;
2
7
14

276
) 1,7d4 0,7d4 = d4;
) 7p8 3p8 2p8 = 2p8;
277
) 20y 12y y 2y = 5y;

2a 2 a 2 a 2
;

=
3
3
3

278
) 5x2y + 6x2y = 11x2y;
1
1
) c3d + c3d = c3d;
2
2

279
) 5a2b3 + 8a2b3 = 13a2b3;
) 12x3 12x3 = 24x3;

) 3,5d + 8,4d = 11,9d;

1
5

) n +

3
1
n= n.
10
2

) 2,1z3 + 3,05z3 = 5,15z3;

1
3

) p k +

1 k 7 k
p =
p .
4
12

) m4 m4 = 0;
) 2x8 x8 = x8.
) 30x2 15x2 7x2 =8x2;
3
1
1
) a 2b a 2b = a 2b .
4
4
2

) 3,5d + 8,4d = 11,9d;

3
8

) 1 m3n4 + 3

1 3 4
5
m n = 4 m3n4.
16
16

) 7,4pq 3,4pq = 4pq;

) 1,2m2n + 0,5m2n = 1,7m2n.
41

 280

) 18a5b7 ( 18a5b7) = 0;
) 7,2st4 + 6st4 = 1,2t4;
3
3
3
) 12x yz ( 36x yz) = 24x yz; ) 13xyz ( 5,3xyz) = 18,3xyz.
281
) 1. 4cd2 + 2cd2 = 6cd2;
3. 10cd2 4cd2 = 6cd2;
) 1. 50x3y2 x3y2 = 49x3y2;
3. 40 x3y2 + 9 x3y2 = 49 x3y2;

2. cd2 + 5cd2 = 6cd2;

4. 5cd2 + 11cd2 = 6cd2;
2. 11 x3y2 + 60 x3y2 = 49 x3y2;
4. 33 x3y2 + 16 x3y2 = 49 x3y2.

282
) 5x 2y + 3x 6y + 2x 7y = 10xy + 18xy + 14xy = 42xy;
) 3y2x + 6x 3y 2y + 2yxy = 3y2x + 36y2x + 2y2x = 41y2x;
) 11ab + a 8 b + 5ab = 2ab;
) ab2 + 9abb + 3bab + abb = ab2 + 9ab2 + 3ab2 + ab2 = 14ab2.
283
) 3a2b + 7a 9ba + 10b 3a2 (1) = 3a2b + 63a2b 30a2b = 36a2b;
) x2y2 7 + 19x 2xyy 9x 3yxy = 7x2y2 + 38x2y2 27x2y2 = 18x2y2;
) az3 + 7az3 6z 2az2 5az3 = 8az3 12az3 5az3 = 9az3;
) m8n4 + 2m3 3m5n4 7m8n4 = 6m8n4 + 6m8n4 = 0.
284
) 5x + 4x = 9;
9x = 9;
x = 1.
7x = 14; x = 2.
) 11x 4x = 14;
) 19x 3x + 4x = 80; 20x = 80; x = 4.

: x = 1.
: x = 2.
: x = 4.

1
5

1
5

) 20x 13x 12x = 6; 5x = 6;

x = 1 . : x = 1 .

285
2
1
9
4
15
9
10
) x + 1 x x = 1 ;
x + x x = 1
x = 1 . x = 1.
5
2
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
17
1 20
63
34
1
1
1
) x x + x = ;
x x + x = ; x = ; x = 1.
9
4
18
4 26
30
26
4
4
4
1
1
1
4
3
1
1
) x + x x = 5 ;
x + x x = 5 ; x = 5 .
3
4
12
12
12
12
2
x x x
3x 2 x x
) + + = 24 ;
+
+ = 24 ; x = 24 .
2 5 6
2
5 6

286

) 0,71x 13 = 10 0,29x;
0,71x + 0,29x = 10 + 13;

42

5
7
x + 1,3 = 0,53 + x
12
8
5
7
x x = 0,53 1,3 ;
12
8

11
x = 0,77 ;
24

x = 23.

: 23.

x = 1,68.
: 1,68.

1
9

7
11
1
x x = 2 ;
18
27
2
6
21 22
1
x + x x = 2 ;
54
54 54
2
5
5
x = ; x = 27.
54
2

1
6

) x +

3
8

) x 0,82 = x 1,37 ;
1
3
x x = 1,37 + 0,82 ;
6
8
5
x = 0,55 ; x = 2,64.
24

: 27.

: 2,64.

287

) 1,2 +

3
8
16
9
7x
x = x + 0,78 ;
= 1, 2 0,78 ;
= 4, 2 ; x = 18.
x
10
15
30
30
30

: x = 18.
1
9

) x +

7
11
1
6
21 22
1
5
5
x x = 2 ;
x + x x = 2 ;
x = ; x = 27.
18
27
2 54
54 54
2 54
2

: 27.
)

5
7
5
7
11
x + 1,3 = 0,53 + x ;
x x = 0,53 1,3 ; x = 0,77 ; x = 1,68.
12
8
12
8
24

: 1,68.
1
6

3
8

) x 0,82 = x 1,37 ;

1
3
5
x x = 1,37 + 0,82 ; x = 0,55 ; x=2,64.
6
8
24

: 2,64.
288
x ;
2
3
x + 240 = x; x = 240 ; x = 400 .
5
5

: 400.
289
x . ;
3
5
x + 3125 = x; x = 3125 ; x = 5000 . .
8
8

: 5000 .
290
5
8

3,2 = 2 . ;
3,2 2 = 1,2 .
: 1,2 .
43

 291
. .
5
7

2 . ;
5
5
x + 2 x = 52 ; 3 x = 52 ;
7
7

26
x = 52 ;
7

x = 14 . ;
5
19
2 14 = 14 = 38 . .
7
7

: 14; 38.
292
x .
8
2
x ; 2 x .
15
5
8
3
15
8
39
62
+ + 2 = 496 ;
+ + = 496 ;
= 496 ;
15
5
15
15
15
15
8
x = 120 ;
120 = 64 ;
15
13
120 = 312 .
5

: 120; 64; 312.

293

2
1
7
x + x = x + 7 ; x x = 7 ; = 42.
3
2
6

: 42.
294
;
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
3
2

=5;
+ + 5 = ; = 5 ;
= 5 ;
12
4
6
2
2
4
6
12
12
12
= 60 .
: 60.
295
.
2,5 ; 2,5 + 1,5 = + 8,4; 1,5 = 6,9;
= 4,6 ; 2,5 4,6 = 11,5 .
: 4,6; 11,5.
296
.
1,5 ;

44

1
3

1
3

2 1,5 = + 24 ; 3 = 24 ;

8
= 24 ; = 9 ;
3

1,5 9 = 13,5 .
: 9; 13,5
297
) 42b2c3d2 + 54b2c3d4 + 48b2c3d2 + 12b2c3d2 = 102b2c3d2 + 54 b2c3d2;
) 1,8m2c3d2 + 54b2c3d4 + 48b2c3d2 + 12b2c3d2 = 102b2c3d2 + 54 b2c3d2.
298

1
1
12
8
3
1 2 2 n
a b c + 3 a2b2cn + 8 a2b2cn = 24 a2b2cn + 24 a2b2cn + 24 a2b2cn=
2
23
= 24 a2b2cn;
1
1
) 3,09xnynzn + 10 xnynzn + 0,01xnynzn + 20 xnynzn = 3,1xnynzn +

+ 0,1xnynzn + 0,05xnynzn = 3,25xnynzn.

299
) 1,4a3 ( 0,09a3) + ( 1,5a3) + 2a3 = 1,31a3 + 0,5a3 = 0,81a3;
) 3,9x4 + ( 2,7x4) ( 0,8x4) + ( 2x4) = 1,2x4 1,2x4 = 0.
300
c c 2c c
c c 2c c
3
) + = + = c ;
5 3 3 60
5 3 5 60
20
p 2p p p
p 2p p p p
) + = +

= .
5 5 4 60
5
3
4 60 5
301
) 3x 2y + 5x 2y + 6x 2y = 6xy + 10xy + 12xy = 28xy;
) 1,2a2b + 3,2aba + 6,8aab + 8,8baa = 1,2a2b + 3,2a2b + 6,8a2b +
+ 8,8a2b = 8a2b + 12a2b = 20a2b;
1 2
1
1
3
2
1
xy x + xyxy + xy2x = x2y2 + x2y2 + x2y2 = x2y2;
2
3
6
6
6
6
3
7 2 5 3
3
32
14
3 8
7 2
n r nr m +
mr n nr =
mn3r8 +
mn3r8 +
) 1 mn r +
5
10
20
20
20
3
9
mn3r8 = 2 mn3r8..
+
20
20

302
) 12a2b 3aba 4baa = 12a2b 3a2b 4a2b = 5a2b;
) 31c3d2 12cdc2d 3cdccd = 31c3d2 12c3d2 3c3d2 = 16c3d2;
) 21xyx2y3x8x2y2xyxy2xy3x3y3x4y3y=21x4y48x4y42x4y4 3x4y4 = 8x4y4;
) 5znqn 3zn 1qnz qn 1zqzn 1 =5znqn 3znqn znqn = znqn.

45

 303
1
3
1
5
) abca + b( a)ca acba +
( b)aca =
2
4
12
24
12 2
18 2
2 2
5 2
13 2
a bc
a bc
a bc
a bc =
a bc;
=
24
24
24
24
24
1
3
2
2

) 3nmr 4n nm 2 nr + n2m 4 r =
8
9
4
3

= 12n2mr n2mr n2mr = 10n2mr.

304
(16x2y4 13x2y4) + (23x2y4 + 10x2y4) = 3x2y4 + 33x2y4 = 36x2y4.
305
(43a3b4 + ( 27a3b2)) + (34a3b2 20a3b2) =
= 43a3b4 27a3b2 + 14a3b2 = 43a3b4 13a3b2.
306
(2,38n4p + ( 1,48n4p)) + (4,72n4p ( 1,28n4p)) = 0,9n4p + 6n4p = 6,9n4p.
307
(2,57r3n4 ( 1,43r3n4)) ( 8,39r3n4 + 5,39r3n4)=4r3n4 ( 3r3n4) = 7r3n4.
308
) 25a2b4 = 3a2b4 + 5a2b4 + 7a2b4 + 10a2b4;
) 43x3y9 = 50x3y9 7x3y9;
) 79c8d10 = 85 c8d10 10c8d10 + 4c8d10;
) 99pnqnzn = 100pnqnzn + 10pnqnzn 15pnqnzn + 4pnqnzn.
309
x ; 3x .
3x
2
3
2
5
= x + 70; x x = 70;
x = 70; x = 84 ;
2
3
2
3
6

3 84 = 256 .
: 84; 256.
310

x ,

7
x ,
22

1
7
(x
x) .
3
22
7
1
7
7
1
7
x + (x
x) + 25 = x;
x + (x
x) x = 25;
22
3
22
22
3
22
7
5
22
10
x+
x
x = 25 ; x = 25; x=55.
22
22
22
22

: 55 .
46

 311
x ,
1
x ,
5
1
1
x x .
3
5

y ,

3
y =120, y = 160.
4

1
1
1
1
4
x + x x + 120 = x 160; x + x + 280 = x;
5
3
5
5
15
15
3
4
7
x x x = 280 ;
x = 280; x = 600.
15
15
15
15

: 600.
312
x .
(x 0,15x) + 0,1(x 0,15x) + 13 = x; 0,85x + 0,085x + 13 = x;
x 0,85x 0,085x = 13; 0,065x = 13; x = 200.
: 200.
313
x .
(x + 0,12) 0,24(x + 0,12x) + 186 = x; 1,12x 0,24 1,12x + 186 = x;
28
6 28
700
168
x x + 186 = x;
x
x + 186 = x;
25
25 25
625
625
625
532
93
x
x = 186;
x = 186; x = 1250.
625
625
625

: 1250.
314
x 7- ;
1
2
5
0,3( x + x) = 21; 0,3 x = 21; 0,25x = 21; x = 84.
6
3
6
: 84.

11. .

315
) 2x 3y = 6xy; ) 7a 5b = 35ab; ) 31c 3d = 93cd; ) 15z 3t = 45zt.
316
) 7a 2b 3c = 42abc;
) 10m 5n 2q = 100mnq;

) 10x2 2y2 3z3 = 60x2y2z3;

) 17p2 2q2 0,5s3 = 17p2q2s3.
47

 317
1 2 1 3 1 4
1 2 3 4
a b c =
abc;
2
2
6
24

) 7x2 5x2 6x3 = 210x7;

) 71x2y3z8 2xyz = 142x3y4z9;

) 54c2d2f3 cd3f = 54c3d5f4.

318
) 5a2b ( 6ab2) = 30a3b3; ) 41c2d (4cd) = 164c3d2;
) 17x3y ( 2x2y2) = 34x5y3; ) 13m2n2p3 ( 2mn2p) = 26m3n4p4.
319

) 0,2c2d 5,4c3d3 = 1,08c5d4;

) b3 0,5b2 = 0,5b5;

1 2 3
1
m p 5 mp = 12m3p4;
3
7
3
3
) 8x2 ( y) = x2y.
16
2

) 2

320

) 0,6x2y3z 0,8xy2z = 0,48x3y5z2;

) 0,75d3 ( d4) = 0,75d7;

1 2
1
n q 7 nq3 = 46n3q4;
2
13
3 2
40 2
6
)
x y
xy = x3y3.
20
41
41

) 6

321
3 4
z ) = 1,62z7;
5

) 5,1p3q4 ( 2pq8) = 10,2p4q12;

) 27z3 (

) 7,81abc3 2ab2c = 15,62a2b3c4;

3
) xy2 (0,1x2y3)= 0,075x3y5.
4

322

) (3a2c)2 = 3a4c2;
) ( 0,2c3d)4 = 0,0016c12d4;

1 24
1 4 8
xy ) =
xy;
3
81
1
1 5 5 5
) ( abc)5 =
abc.
2
32

) (

323
1 24
1 4 8
xy ) =
xy;
3
81

) ( 6x3y3)0 = 1;

) (

) ( 10x2y4)5 = 100000x10y20;

) ( 2ax3y2)4 = 16a4x12y8.

324
) 56x2y3z8 = 28xy2z7 2xyz;

) 0,21c9d14f43 = 0,3c5d3f40 0,7c4d11f3;

325
) 6x3y4 4x3y5;
) x2y ( x2y3) (2xy) 12xy4;
48

) 102m2n3p4 = 51m2np 2n2p3;

1
1
) r7s9t12 = r3s8t4 2r4st8.
2
4

) 2xy ( 3x4y5) 4xy3;

) 24xy3 x3y ( y2) xy xy2.

 326
) 3b 3b2 = 9b3;
) 4a3b4 ( 4a4b5) = 16a7b9;

) 8a2b4 ( a3b) = 8a5b5;

) 17a8b12 ( 2ab) = 34a9b13.

327
) (6x3y6)2 = 36x6y12;
) ( m3n)5 = m15n5;

) ( 2ab3)4 = 16a4b12;
) ( 3a2bc3)3 = 27a6b3c9.

328
) 81a4 = (9a2)2; ) 36b6 = (6b3)2; ) 144c12 = (12c6)2; ) 169d4 = (13d2)2.
329
) 0,008b6 = (0,2b2)3;

) 0,027b9 = (0,3b3)3;

) 0,001y24 = (0,1y8)3;

8 6
2
a = ( a2)3.
27
3

330
) 20a3 (5a)2 = 20a3 25a2 = 500a5;
) 0,4x5 (2x3)4 = 0,4x5 16x12 = 6,4x17;
) ( c3)2 12c6 = c6 12c6 = 12c12;
) (4ac2)3 (0,5a3c) = 64a3c6 (0,5a3c) = 32a6c7.
331
1
1
xy2) = 81x24y12 ( xy2) = x25y14;
81
81
2
8 6 9
x y 81x8 = 24x14y9;
) ( x2y3)3 ( 9x4)2 =
3
27

) (3x6y3)4 (

) (3a2)2 ( 6a3) = 9a4 ( 6a3) = 54a7;

1
1
) ( x2y3) (2x6y)4 = x2y3 16x24y4 = 2x26y7.
8
8
332

) (0,2b6) 5b = b7;

9 7
1
9 7
p ( 1 p4)0 =
p;
16
3
16

) ( c3)2 12c6 = c6 12c6 = 12c12;

) (3

1000 6
1 23
a ) 81a5 =
a 81 a5 =3000a11
3
27

333
3
1
3
1
) a2b2c 5ab2c3 ac2 = 5 a4b4c6 = a4b4c6;
5
3
5
3
1 5 4 3
3
6 7 4
) x y z ( 8xy z) = x y z ;
8
1
) 3,5xz3 ( 3 x2z) ( 5xz) = 3,5 3,5 ( 5)x4z5 = 61,25x4z5;
2

49

) 2cd3 (

1 2
1
cd ) (2c2d2) = 2 (2)c4d7 = 2c4d7.
2
2

334
) ab ( a2b) ( ab2) = a4b4;
) mn (m2n5) ( m8n4) = m11n10;

) x2y xy ( x2y2) = x5y4;

) (p3q4) (pq) ( 2p2q2) = 2p6q7.

335
1
6
cd ( c3d2) = c4d3;
6
7
4
1
4 16 3 10 15 64 3 10 15

ab c =
ab c ;
) a2b3c7 ( 1 ab7c8) =
5
15
5 15
75

) 1

) 0,75d3 (d4) = 0,75d7;

) 14xyz ( 2

4 2 3 6
14 3 4 7
1
x y z ) = 14
x y z = 39 x3y4z7..
5
15
5

336
) (0,2a3b4)4 = 0,0016a12b16;
1 2 5 83
4
16 6 15 24
7
x y z ) = ( x2y5z8)3 =
x y z = 1 x6y15z24;
3
3
9
9
1
) ( 0,3b8c7d6)2 = 0,09b16c14d12; ) ( a3x3y3)0 = 1.
9

) (1

337

) ( 0,5a2b3c9)2 = 0,25a4b6c18;
) ( 2a8b5c9)8 = 256a64b40c72;

1 2 5 8
1
x y z ) = 1 x2y5z8;
3
3
27
3 2 3 83
) ( x y z ) = 64 x6y9z24.
4

) (1

338
) (a2b3c5)0 = 1;
1
5
25 8 8 32
9
p q z = 1 p8q8z32;
) ( 1 p2q2z8)4 = ( p2q2z8)4 =
4
4
16
16
) ( 1,6m3n2p9)2 = 2,56m6n4p18;

) ( 2

3 9 15 12 2
13
169 18 30 24
19 18 30 24
r s t ) = ( r9s15t12)2 =
r s t =6
r s t .
5
5
25
25

339
) 9a3b4c6; ) 12a3b5c9;

) 5xy3z9;

340
) 6c3b4f9; ) 12a3b5c9;

) 2p2q10r100; ) 4a9b54c324.

341
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .

50

)4xy3z6.

 342
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
343
) (10a2y)2 (3ay2)3 = 100a4y2 27a3y6 = 2700a7y8;
1
1
) ( xy3)3 (4y5)2 = x3y9 16y10 = 2x3y19;
2
8
) (3x6y2)3 ( x2y)4 = 27x18y6 x8y4 = 27x26y10;
) ( 5ab6)4 (0,3a6b)4 = 25a4b24 0.0081a24b4 = 0,2025a28b28.
344
) ( 4a3b4)2 0,25b7 = 16a6b8 0,25b7 = 4a6b15;

) (

2 40
pq ) ( 27pq5) = 1 ( 27pq5) = 27pq5;
3

) (0,4a2bc)2 ( 1,5ab3c4) = 0,16a4b2c2 ( 1,5ab3c4) = 0,24a5b5c6;

1
1
1 12 3
) ( m4n)3 (32m4n) =
m n ( 32m4n) = m16n4..
4
64
2
345
) ( 4,5a3b2y)2 ( 2aby) = 20,25a6b4y2 ( 2aby) = 40,5a7b5y3;
1 2
1 2
b cx) = 27b3c9d3 (
b cx) = b5c10d3x;
) ( 3bc3d)3 (
27
27
) ( 0,8p3x2z)2 ( 2,5px3z4) = 0,64p6x4z2 ( 2,5px3z4) = 1,6p7x7z6;

) ( 3

1 23
10
1000 6
a ) 81a7 = ( a2)3 81a7 =
a 81a7 = 3000a13.
3
3
27

346

1 2 23
1 6 6
1
a x ) = 36a6x4 (
a x ) = 1 a12x10;
3
27
3
1
1
1024 22 38
3 2 5
4 7
15 10
m7n28) = =
m n ;
) ( 4m n ) ( mn ) = 1024m n (
3
2187
2187
1
1 4 8
1
a c 9a10c6 = a14c14;
) ( a2c4)2 ( 3a5c3)2 =
9
81
9
3 7 42
2 6 0 9 14 8
1 14 8
) ( a b ) ( a b) = a b 1 = 2 a b .
2
3
4
4
) ( 6a3x2)2 (

347
) (2bc)2 (ac)3 = 4a3b2c5;
) (2cd)4 (d3n)3 = 16c4d13n3;

) ( 3p)3 (x2y)2 = 27p3x4y2;

) (bn)5 (9b4t2)2 = 81b13n5t4.

12.
348
) a3 : a2 = a; ) y20 : y18 = y2; ) x8 : x3 = x5; ) z54 : z50 = z4.

51

 349
1
1
) x : 3 = x;
3
9
5 25
7
) a : = a ;
7 49
5

10 11
1
=
y:
y;
11 50
5
13 26 1
) b : = 1 b .
15 45
2
)

350
) 8x : ( 4x) = 2; ) 3c : c = 3; ) 7a : ( a) = 7;
351
) 6x3 : x2 = 6x;
) 15z8 : z8 = 15;

) 27y2 : ( 9y2) = 3;
) 90p4 : ( 5p) = 18p3.

352
) 19a : ( 19a) = 1;
) 100cd : 20cd = 5;

) 45b : ( 15b) = 3;
) 18dy : 6dy = 3.

353
) 16abc : 8a = 2bc;
) 42cdm : 12c = 3,5dm;

) 9b : ( b) = 9.

) 24pqr : ( 4pq) = 6r;

) 99xyz : ( 9x) = 11yz.

354
) 4,8axy : 1,6xy = 3a;

) ( 8,8abc) : 1,1b = 8ac;

12
) 0,81pqs : 0,009pq = 90s; ) 6,4xz : (1,3z) = 4 x.
13
355
) 18a12 : 6a4 = 3a8;
) 12a7y4 : 6a2y3 = 2a5y;
10
10
) 24b : 6b = 4;
) 6b5x3 : 3b3x2 = 2b2x.
356
) 44a3b2c6 : 11a2bc5 = 4abc;
) 198x4y4z2 : 2x4y3z = 99yz;
8 9 4
2 7
6 2 3
) 144m n r : 12m n r = 12m n r ; ) 258p8q4r17 : 3p6q2r15 = 86p2q2r2.
357
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
358

) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
359
) 30x5y6z7 : 6x2y4z = 5x3y2z6; ) 75a8b11c31 : 5a3b4c10 = 15a5b7c21;
) p11m6q16 : p3m2q7 = p8m4q9; ) d2n3z10 : dnz5 = dn2z5.
360
) (5a2b2)3 : (5ab)2 = 125a6b6 : 25a2b2 = 5a4b4;
) (10x3y3)4 : (2x4y3)2 = 10000x12y12 : 4x8y6 = 2500x4y6;
) ( 49z10t14) : (7zt)0 = 49z10t14 : 1 = 49z10t14;
) ( x2y3z)4 : xyz = x8y12z4 : xyz = x7y11z3.
52

 361
) (2m2n2)4 : (4mn)2 = 16m8n8 : 16m2n2 = m6n6;
) 55p3q4 : (5pq)0 = 55p3q4 : 1 = 55p3q4;
) ( x2y3z4)5 : ( xyz)6 = x10y15z20 : x6y6z6 = x4y9z14;
) ( 5ac3d)3 : (5cd)2 = 125a3c9d3 : 25c2d2 = 5a3c7d.
362

)
)
)
)

(2cy 3 ) 2 8c5 y
2

(4c y )

3 4 3

(9a b )

(3a 2b)2 27 a 4b9

(3 x 2c3 ) 2 9 x15c 4
2

(3x c)

4c 2 y 6 8c5 y
6 3

64c y

3 2 3

(2a b )

32c7 y 7

729a b

9a 4b 2 27 a 4b9

6 3

64c y

9 12

(7 a 3b3 ) 2 ( a 2b)3

9 x 4c 6 9 x15c 4
5 10 5

3 x c

92 3a8b11
34 x19c10
35 x10c5

49a 6b6 ( a 6b3 )

9 6

8 a b

1 4
cy ;
2

93 a9b12

=
=

= 3ab;

1 9 5
xc;
3

49a12b9

8a9b6

1
= 6 a3b3..
8

4. .

13.
366
) 3a + 4b ;
) 5(5x2 12y2) ;

) 5x2 3y2 ;
) (a +1)(b 2) .

367

) 5x2 6x2 +
)

1
;
x

b2
ab
+ 12z2
;
4
5

3a 2b
4ab 2

) 0,3p2 + 13p 1 .

368

) 3x2 + 5y +

7
;
c

a8 b 6
c4
d3

+
+
;
4
5
7
9
10
2
5
11

) 9x3 4y2 5 ;

369
) 5a + 8a2 2,5ab;

) 5a 4ab + 8a2 2,5ab;

) 5a 4ab + 8a2; 12a 2,5ab a2;

) 5a 4ab +

z5

z3

z2

1
8a 2

z1

.
53

 370
) 0,5x2 + 12xy + 4xy2; ) 0,5x2y xy2 3xy2;
) 0,5x2y xy2 + 12xy; 3x2y 0,2xy + 4xy2
1
0,2xy.
) 12xy 3x2y +
4xy 2
371
) 5x23x2 x3 = 2x2 x3;

) 1,2c5 + 2,8c5 4c5;

) 7y3 + y3 + 12y3 = 20y3;

1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n
d d + d = d.
2
3
6
3

372
) 5x2 3xy 2xy = 5x2 5xy;
) 7a2b 5a2b + ab2 + 2ab2 = 2a2b + 3ab2;
) 3t2 5t2 11t 3t2 + 5t + 11 = 5t2 6t + 11;
) z3 + 2z2 + z3 4z z2 = 2z3 + z2 4z.
373
) 4b2 + a2 + 6ab 11b2 6ab = 7b2 + a2;
) 3a2x + 3ax2 5a3 3ax2 8a2x 10a3 = 5a2x 5a3;
) 9x3 8xy 6y2 9x3 xy = 9xy 6y2;
) m4 3m3n + n2m2 m2n2 = m4 3m3n.
374
) m m m m n n n = m4 n3;
) pq pq qp qp = (pq)2 (qp)2 = (qp)2 (qp)2 = 0;
) 3s 2r + 2rs + 4r 8s = 6rs + 2rs + 32rs = 40rs;
) 12m 2n 3m 4n 7m 8n = 24mn 12mn 56mn = 44mn.
375
) 4p3 2p+3p2 4p+2p2 2p2 2p3 4 = 8p4 + 12p3 + 4p4 8p3=12p4 + 4p3;
) y 2y 3y y2 5 + 2y y y 5 + y 7y2 =
= 2y2 3y y2 5 + 2y2 5y + 7y3 = 7y3 + 3y2 8y 5;
2
1
1
8 2
3
4
1
1
1
x+ x+0,8x x x x =
x +
x + x x2x= x2+
x;
3
4
6
12
12
5
6
2
20
5
1
1
1
) 5/6a a 1/3a 0,6a a + a 0,1a = a2 + a 0,6a2 + 0,1a2 = a + a2.
6
3
3
3

) x

376
) 2x 4y 3x 2y 0,2x 5y + y 5x 5xy + 8xy =
= 8xy 6xy xy + 5xy 5xy + 8xy = 9xy;
) x p x x p 3px p 4x3 + 7p x p =
= x3 p 3p2 x 4x3 p + 7p2 x = 4p2 x 3x3 p;
) 7xax+a 2ax+x 9x a8a x a=7x2 a+2a2x+9x2a8a2x=10x2a 6a2x;
) 15r3s s r s r2 3s r r r + 2r2 s r = 15r3s 5r3s + 2r3s = 9r3s.
54

 377
) 15p + 18p2 + 4 12p + 3p2 p4 = p4 + 21p2 + 3p + 4;
) 1,4x2 4,1x3 + x 3,1 + x + 1,3x3 = 2,8x3 + 1,4x2 + 2x 3,1;
1
3
3
7
2
3 2 5
7
a=
a
a+ ;
) a + a2 a2 +
4
5
4
8
3
20
12
8
) 0,2y4 3,5y 1,2y4 1 + 3,5y = y4 1.
378
) a3b + a2b 3ab + 2a2b + 2ab2 = a3b + 3a2b + 2ab2 3ab;
= 1; b = 2; ( 1) 3 2 + 3 ( 1) 2 2 + 2 1 22 3 ( 1) 2 =
= 2 + 6 + 8 + 6 = 18;
1
1
5
2
) x y3 + 0,3x x + y2 = 0,2x + y2;
2
3
9
9
2

3
2 3
1
7
; 0,2 5 +
=1+
= ;
4
9 4
8
8
) m4 3m3n + m2n2 m3n 4m2n2 = m4 4m3n 3m2n2;

x = 5; y =

1
1
1 1
1
1 1
3 ;
; y = ; 4
2
3 2
3
2
2 3
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
) 6p q 5pq + 5p + 2pq 8p 3p q = 3p q 3pq 3p3.

m =

379

) x3 + 2x2 + 7x + 8x x3 x2 x2 = 15x; 15x = 1; x =

:

1
.
5

1
.
5

) 0,5y3 + 2,7y2 + 3,5y + 6,5y 0,5y3 2y2 0,7y2 = 10y; 10y = 1; y =

1
.
10

1
.
10
4
2
) 3z z + 4z + z + z2 2z4 z4 + 8 = 5z + 8; 5z + 8 = 1; 5z = 7;
7
2
z = ; z = 1 .
5
5
: 1,4
) 6p3 p2 + 4p3 + p2 10p3 3p + 19 = 3p + 19;
3p + 19 = 1; 3p = 18; p = 6.
: 6.

380
3a + 11; a = 5x + 4;
11 + 3(5x + 4) = 11 + 15x +12 = 15x + 23.
55

 381
14 8a; a = 3x2 4x + 2;
14 8(3x2 4x + 2) = 14 24x2 + 32x 16 = 24x2 + 32x 2.
382
1
1
) c c 0,1c5 c3 + c c2 2c2 c c + c c c =
2
8
1 2
1
4
1
3
= c 0,1c5c3 + 2c5 c2 + c3 = 2c5 0,1c5 + c2 c2=1,9c5 + c2;
2
8
8
8
8
1
1
1
1
1
) m mm m m+0,5m+m m 1/8m1/3m2 + m= m2 m3+
9
2
2
9
2
1 3 1
3 3 12 3
8 3 1 3 1 2
+ 0,5m + m + m =
m
m
m + m + m +m=
8
2
24
24
24
9
9
17 3 1 2
=
m +
m + m;
9
24
) aba + aa a 2ab + bab 2ba 2b 6a 2b2 aa=
= a2b + a2 2a2b + ab2 4b2a 12ab2 a2 = a2b 15ab2;
) y 2yy y 5xy + x 3xy xy 6y + x 12xy y3=
= 2y3 5xy2 + 3x2y 6xy2 + 12x2y y3 = y3 11xy2 + 15x2y.
383
) 12m 0,2 m3 + 3,5m 2m 27 + 4,5m2 0,2m 15m =
= 2,4m4 + 7m2 27 + 0,9m3 15m = 2,4m4 + 0,9m3 + 7m2 15m 27;
) 3,6r 5r2 0,4r2 7r + 1,4r3 10r2 2r + 15r 0,5r2 =
= 18r4 2,8r3 + 1,4r3 20r3 +7,5r3 = 18r4 13,r3;
) 9a3 0,3a 12a 0,4a2 + 7a 0,2a3 + 1,7a2 ( 3a) 13a 0,5a =
= 2,7a4 4,8a3 + 1,4a4 5,1a3 6,5a2 = 1,3a4 9,9a3 6,5a2;
) 0,5b 4b2 5b 0,3b 3b2 (0,2b) + 14b2 0,5 25b 0,3b2 = 2b3
1,5b2 + 0,6b3 + 7b2 7,5b3 = 4,9b3 + 5,5b2.
384
) 5a13+8a7a + 25 + ( 6a) = 12; ) 7b15+10a 2a + 13 8a = 7b 2;
) 12a23+2a3a + b + ( 11a) = b 23; ) 8a2 7a2 4 + ( a2) = 4.
385
) a2 + 2a2 b2 3c + ( 3a2) = b2 3c;
) 3ax2 5x3 +4a2 + 8x2a2 5 + 11a2 + ( 15a2 = 3ax2 5x3 + 8x2a 5; )
2x2 + 3ax 9a2 + 8x2 5ax + 8a2 + a2 = 10x2 2ax;
) 2y2 5ay + a2 + 7y2 + 3ay 5a2 + 4a2 = 9y2 2ay.
386
) 7x + 4y 11; y = 3x2 12x + 5;
7x + 4(3x2 12x + 5) 11 = 7x + 12x2 48x + 20 11 = 12x2 41x + 9;
) 13a + 6b 7; b = 4 a2 + 3a;
13a + 6(4 a2 + 3a) 7 = 13a + 24 6a2 + 18a 7 = 6a2 + 31a + 17.
56

 387
x = 3a +12; y = 13 a; z = 5 +4a;
) x + y + z = 3a + 12 +13 a + 5 + 4a = 6a + 30;
) x y + z = 3a + 12 13 + a + 5 + 4a = 8a + 4;
) y x + z = 13 a 3a 12 + 5 + 4a = 6;
) z x y = 5 +4a 3a 12 13 + a = 2a 20.
388
a = 3x2 + 4x + 8; b = 1,2 2x2 7x; c = 12,5x2 3,5x + 21,8;
) a+b+c=3x2+4x+8+1,22x2 7x + 12,5x2 3,5x + 21,8=13,5x2 6,5x + 31;
) ab+c=3x2 + 4x + 81,2+2x2+7x + 12,5x23,5x+21,8=17,5x2+7,5x + 28,6;
) bac=1,22x27x3x24x8 12,5x2 + 3,5x 21,8=17,5x27,5x 28,6;
) c ba=12,x23,5x+21,81,2+2x2 + 7x 3x2 4x 8=11,5x2 0,5x + 12,6.
389
R = 5a3 + 4a2b + 8ab2 24b3, L = 7a3 13a2b 4ab2 + 17b3,
m = 12a3 + 9a2b 4ab2 + 15b3;
) R + L + m = 5a3 + 4a2b + 8ab2 24b3 + 7a3 13a2b 4ab2 + 17b3 +
+ ( 12a3) + 9a2b 4ab2 + 15b3 = 8b3;
) L + R m = 7a3 13a2b 4ab2 + 17b3 + 5a3 + 4a2b +8ab2 24b3 +
+ 12a3 9a2b + 4ab2 15b3 = 24a3 18a2b + 8ab2 22b3;
) m L r = 12a3 + 9a2b 4ab2 + 15b3 7a3 + 13a2b + 4ab2 17b3
5a3 4a2b 8ab2 + 24b3 = 24a3 + 18a2b 8ab2 +22b3;
) L R + m = 7a3 13a2b 4ab2 + 17b3 5a3 4a2b 8ab2 + 24b3
12a3 + 9a2b 4ab2 + 15b3 = 10a3 8a2b 16ab2 + 56b3.

14.
390
P(a) = P1(a) + P2(a),
) P1(a) = 2a + 5; P2(a) = 3a 7; P(a) = 2a + 5 + 3a 7 = 5a 2;
) P1(a) = 7 2a; P2(a) = 1 5a; P(a) = 7 2a 1 5a = 7a + 6;
) P1(a) = 3a 4; P2(a) = 11 3a; P(a) = 3a 4 + 11 3a = 7;
) P1(a) = 4 3a; P2(a) = 7 8a; P(a) = 4 3a + 7 8a = 11a + 3.
391
P(x) = P1(x) + P2(x), :
) P1(x) = 2x3 + 5; P2(x) = 3x3 + 7; P(x) = 2x3 + 5 + 3x3 + 7 = 5x3 + 12;
) P1(x) = 6x2 4; P2(x) = 5x2 10; P(x) = 6x2 4 + 5x2 10 = 11x2 14;
) P1(x)=4x5+2x+1; P2(x)=x5+x2; P(x)=4x5+2x+1+x5+x2=5x5 + 3x 1;
) P1(x)=x11+x63; P2(x)=2x11+3x6+1; P(x)=x11+x63+2x11+3x6+1=3x11+4x6 2.
392
P(a,b) = P1(a,b) +P2(a,b)
) P1(a,b) = a + 3b; P2(a,b) = 3a 3b;P(a,b) = a + 3b + 3a 3b = 4a;
) P1(a,b) = a2 5ab 3b2; P2(a,b) = a2 + b2;

57

P(a,b) = a2 5ab 3b2 + a2 + b2 = 2a2 5ab 2b2;

) P1(a,b) = 8a3 + 3a2b 5ab2 + b3; P2(a,b) = 18a3 3a2b 5ab2 + 2b3;
P(a,b) = 8a3+3a2b5ab2 + b3 + 18a3 3a2b 5ab2 + 2b3=26a3 10a2b +3b3;
) P1(a,b) = 10a4 7a3b a2b2 + 6; P2(a,b) = 17a4 10a3b + a2b2 + 3;
P(a,b) =10a4 7a3b a2b2 + 6 + 17a4 10a3b + a2b2 + 3 = 27a4 17a3b + 9.
393
P(y) = P1(y) P2(y), :
) P1(y) = 2y2 + 8y 11; P2(y) = 3y3 6y + 3;
P(y) = 2y2 + 8y 11 3y3 + 6y 3 = 3y3 + 2y2 + 14y 14;
) P1(y) = 4y4 + 4y2 13; P2(y) = 4y4 4y2 + 13;
P(y) = 4y4 + 4y2 13 4y4 + 4y2 13 = 8y2 26;
) P1(y) = y3 y + 7; P2(y) = y3 + 5y +11;
P(y) = y3 y + 7 y3 5y 11 = 6y 4;
) P1(y) = 15 7y2; P2(y) = y3 y2 15;
P(y) = 15 7y2 y3 + y2 + 15 = y3 6y2 + 30.
394
P(c,d) = P1(c,d) P2(c,d), :
) P1(c,d) = 3c2 + d; P2(c,d) = 2c2 3d;
P(c,d) = 3c2 + d 2c2 + 3d = c2 + 4d;
) P1(c,d) = 5c4 + 3c2d d3; P2(c,d) = 2c2 3c2d + d2;
P(c,d) = 5c4 + 3c2d d3 2c2 + 3c2d d2 = 5c4 + 6c2d d3 d2 2c2;
) P1(c,d) = 12c2d 3cd2 + 4; P2(c,d) = 6c2d 5cd2 + 2c;
P(c,d) = 12c2d 3cd2 + 4 6c2d + 5cd2 2c = 6c2d + 2cd2 2c + 4;
) P1(c,d) = c2 + 2cd + d2; P2(c,d) = 5c2 6cd 7d2;
P(c,d) = c2 + 2cd + d2 5c2 + 6cd + 7d2 = 4c2 + 8cd + 8d2.
395
) (5x 3) + (7x 4) = 8 (15 11x);
5x 3 + 7x 4 = 8 15 + 11x; 12x 11x = 7 + 7; x = 0.
: 0.
) (4x + 3) (10x + 11) = 7 + (13 4x); 4x + 3 10x 11 = 7 + 13 4x;
4x 10x + 4x = 20 + 11 3; 2x = 28; x = 14.
: 14.
) (7 10x) (8 8x) + (10x +6) = 8; 7 10x 8 + 8x + 10x + 6 = 8;

8x = 8 6 + 8 7; x =

13
5
; x=1 .
8
8

5
8

: 1 .
) (2x + 3) + ( 3x + 4) + (5x + 5 ) = 12 7x;
2x + 3 + 3x + 4 + 5x + 5 = 12 7x;
10x + 7x = 12 12; 17x = 0; x = 0.
: 0.
58

 396
3
9
10
5

) y y 1, 25 = 0,55;
y
y + 1,25 = 0,55;
4
12
12
6

1
1
y = 0,55 1,25;
y = 0,7; y = 8,4.

12
12

: 8,4.
3
9
8
1

x x 2, 4 = 0,4;
x
x + 2,4 = 0,4;
3
8
24
24

1
1
x = 0,4 2,4;
x = 2,8;
x = 67,2.
24
24

: 67,2.
)

3
x (0,25x 3) = 1,2; 0,75x 0,25x + 3 = 1,2; 0,5x = 1,8; x = 3,6.
4

: 3,6.
)

1
x (2,5x 3) = 1,8; 0,5x 2,5x +3 = 1,8; 2x = 1,2; x = 0,6.
2

: 0,6.
397
) x 1; ) (x 0,5) + (x 1) + (x 1,5) = 3x 3;
) x + x 0,5 = 2x 0,5; ) x + (x 0,5) + (x 1) + (x 1,5) = 4x 3.
398
P1(a) = 2a3 + 3a3 a + 1; P2(a) = 4a4 + 6a3 2a2 + 2a;
P3(a) = 2a5 + 3a4 a3 + a2;
) P1(a) + P2(a) + P3(a) = 2a3 + 3a3 a + 1 + 4a4 + 6a3 2a2 + 2a +
+ 2a5 + 3a4 a3 + a2 = 7a3 + 2a2 + a + 1 + 7a4 + 2a5;
) P1(a) P2(a) + P3(a) = 2a3 + 3a3 a + 1 4a4 6a3 + 2a2 2a +
+ 2a5 + 3a4 a3 + a2 = 2a5 a4 5a3 + 6a2 3a + 1;
) P1(a) + P2(a) P3(a) = 2a3 + 3a3 a + 1 + 4a4 + 6a3 2a2 + 2a
2a5 3a4 + a3 a2 = 2a5 3a4 + a3 a2;
) P1(a) P2(a) P3(a) = 2a3 + 3a3 a + 1 4a4 6a3 + 2a2 2a 2a5
3a4 + a3 a2 = 2a5 7a4 3a3 + 4a2 3a + 1.
399
P1(x,y) = 27x3 27x2y + 9xy2 y3; P2(x,y) = 20x3 15x2y + 4xy2 3y3;
P3(x,y) = 10x3 + 12x2y 5xy2 + y2;
) P(x,y) = P1(x,y) + P2(x,y) + P3(x,y) = 27x3 27x2y + 9xy2 y3 +
+ 20x3 15x2y + 4xy2 3y3 + 10x3 + 12x2y 5xy2 + y2 =
= 67x3 30x2y + 8xy2 4y3 + y2;
) P(x,y) = P1(x,y) P2(x,y) + P3(x,y) = 27x3 27x2y + 9xy2 y3
20x3 + 15x2y 4xy2 + 3y3 + 10x3 + 12x2y 5xy2 + y2 =
= 17x3 + 10x2y + 2y3 + y2;

59

) P(x,y) = P1(x,y) + P2(x,y) P3(x,y) = 27x3 27x2y + 9xy2 y3 +

+ 20x3 15x2y + 4xy2 3y3 10x3 12x2y + 5xy2 y2 =
= 37x3 44x2y + 18xy2 4y3 y2;
) P(x,y) = P1(x,y) P2(x,y) P3(x,y) = 27x3 27x2y + 9xy2 y3
20x3 + 15x2y 4xy2 + 3y3 10x3 12x2y + 5xy2 y2 =
= 3x3 24x2y + 10xy2 + 2y3 y2.
400
) 2x2 (2x2 5x) (4x 2) = 5;
2x2 2x2 + 5x 4x + 2 = 5; x = 5 2; x = 3.
: 3.
) 3y3 (3y3 6y) (3y + 4) = 2;
3y3 3y3 + 6y 3y 4 = 2; 3y = 6; y =2.
: 2.
) (x2 7x 11) (5x2 13x 18) = 16 4x2;
x2 7x 11 5x2 + 13x + 18 = 16 4x2;
x2 5x2 + 4x2 7x + 13x = 16 18 +11; 6x = 9; x = 1,5.
: 1,5.
) (y2 5y 19) (5y2 6y 9) = 26 4y 4y2;
y2 5y 19 5y2 + 6y + 9 = 26 4y 4y2;
y2 5y2 + 4y2 5y + 6y + 4y = 26 9 + 19; 5y = 36; y =7,2.
: 7,2.
401

4x + 1
0
4mn
2c2d 3cd2 + 8

) 9x + 7 5x 6 = 4x + 1;
) a3 + 2a2b + b3 a3 2a2b b3 = 0;
) m2 2mn + n2 m2 2mn n2 = 4mn;
) 0 2c2d 3cd2 + 8 = 2c2d 3cd2 + 8.

402
) 6a2 (2 (1,56a (a2 + 0,36a)) + (5,5a2 + 1,2a 1)) =
= 6a2 (2 1,56a + a2 + 0,36a + 5,5a2 + 1,2a 1) =
= 6a2 a2 5,5a2 + 1,56a 0,36a 1,2a 2 + 1 = 0,5a2 1;
) (a2 + 2x2) (5a2 1,2ax + (2,8x2 (1,5a2 0,5ax + 1,8x2))) =
= a2 + 2x2 (5a2 1,2ax + (2,8x2 1,5a2 + 0,5ax 1,8x2)) =
= a2 + 2x2 (5a2 1,2ax + 2,8x2 1,5a2 + 0,5ax 1,8x2) =
= a2 + 2x2 5a2 + 1,2ax 2,8x2 + 1,5a2 0,5ax + 1,8x2 =
= a25a2 +1,5a2 + 2x2 2,8x2 + 1,8x2 + 1,2ax 0,5ax= 2,5a2 + x2 + 0,7ax;
) 12,5x2 + y2 (8x2 5y2 ( 10x2 + (5,5x2 6y2))) =
= 12,5x2 + y2 (8x2 5y2 ( 10x2 + 5,5x2 6y2)) =
= 12,5x2 + y2 (8x2 5y2 + 10x2 5,5x2 + 6y2) =
= 12,5x2 + y2 8x2 + 5y2 10x2 + 5,5x2 6y2 =
= 12,5x2 8x2 10x2 + 5,5x2 + y2 + 5y2 6y2 = 0;

60

) (y3 + 3z2) (y3 6az + (2y3 (3z2 + 4az 1,2y3))) =

= y3 + 3z2 (y3 6az + (2y3 3z2 4az + 1,2y3)) =
= y3 + 3z2 (y3 6az + 2y3 3z2 4az + 1,2y3) =
= y3 + 3z2 y3 + 6az 2y3 + 3z2 + 4az 1,2y3 =
= y3 y3 2y3 1,2y3 +3z2 + 3z2 +6az + 4az = 3,2y3 + 6z2 + 10az.

15.
403
) 2x(x2 + 5x + 3) = 2x3 10x2 + 6x;
) 2xy(x2 + 2xy y2) = 2x3y 4x2y2 + 2xy3;
) 3y(y3 3y 4) = 3y4 9y2 12y;
) 5mn(m3 + 3m2n n3) = 5m4n 15m3n2 + 5mn4.
404
) x2y2 (x + y) = x3y2 + x2y3;
) c3d4 (c2 d3) = c5d4 + c3d7;
5 8
3
4
8 8
) p q (p + 3pq q ) = p q 3p6q9 + p5q12;
) r7s12 (r10 + 2rs s5) = r17s12 + 2r8s13 r7s17.
405
) 3x(x + y) 3x2 = 3x2 + 3xy 3x2 = 3xy;
) 7a(a b) 7a2 = 7a2 7ab 7a2 = 7ab;
) 5c(c2 d2) 5c3 = 5c3 5cd2 5c3 = 5cd2;
) 10m( m5 + n6) 10m6 + 10mn6 10m6 = 10mn6.
406
) 3x(x 5) 5x(x + 3) = 3x2 15x 5x2 15x = 2x2 30x;
) 2y(x y) + y(3y 2x) = 2xy 2y2 + 3y2 2xy = y2;
) 2a(a b) + 2b(a + b) = 2a2 2ab + 2ab +2b2 = 2a2 + 2b2;
) 3p(8c + 1) 8c(3p 5) = 24pc + 3p 24pc + 40c = 3p + 40c.
407
) 5x(2x 3) 2,5x(4x 2) = 10x2 15x 10x2 + 5x = 10x;
x = 0,01; 10x = 10 ( 0,01) = 0,1.
: 0,1.
) 5a(a2 4a) 4a(a3 5a) = 5a3 20a2 4a3 + 20a2 = a3;
a = 3; a3 = ( 3) 3 = 27.
: 27.
) 12(2 p) + 29p 9(p + 1) = 24 12p + 29p 9p 9 = 8p + 15;
1
1
p = ; 8p + 15 = 8 + 15 = 17.
4
4
: 17.
) 3(3d 1) + 7(2d + 1) = 9d 3 + 14d + 7 = 23d + 4;

d = 2

4
50
; 23d + 4 = 23
+ 4 = 54.
23
23

: 54.
61

 408
) 3(x 1) 2(3 7x) = 2(x 2); 3x 3 6 + 14x = 2x 4;

17x 2x = 4 + 9;

15x = 5;

x=

1
.
3

1
3

: .
) 10(1 2x) = 5(2x 3) 3(11x 5);

10 20x = 10x 15 33x + 15;

20 10x + 33x = 10; 3x = 10;

x=3 .

1
3

1
3

: 3 .
) 2(x + 3) 3(2 7x) = 2(x 2);
16x 2x = 4;
:

14x = 4;

2x + 6 6 +14x = 2x 4;

x=

2
.
7

2
7

) 5(3x 2) = 3(x +1) 2(x +2);

15x 10 = 3x + 3 2x 4;

15x x = 3 4 + 10; 14x = 9;

x=

9
.
14

9
.
14

409
2x + 1
)
= 1;
5

2x + 1 = 1;

2x = 4; x = 2.

: =2.
)

11 3 x 1
= ;
4
2

11 3x = 2; 3x = 9; x = 3.

: 3.
)

3x + 7 6 x + 4
; 3x + 7 = 6x + 4; 3x = 3;
=
5
5

x = 1.

: 1.
7x 3
1
= 5x + ;
6
2
6
:
.
23

7x 3 = 30x + 3;

23x = 6; x =

6
.
23

410
2 x + 1 3x + 1
)
= 2;
+
5
7

) 2x

7(2x + 1) + 5(3x + 1) = 70;

2x 3 = 2x + 3 + x 6;

62

2x + 3
x6
=
;
3
3

14x + 7 + 15x + 5 = 70;

29x = 58;
x = 2.
: 2.
)

8x 3
3x + 1

= 2;
7
10

10(8x 3) 7(3x + 1) = 140;

80x 30 21x 7 =140;
59x = 177;
x = 3.
: 3.

6x = 3x 3;
3x = 3;
x = 1.
: 1.
)

x + 14 6 x + 1
= 2.

5
7

7(x+14) 5(6x + 1) =70;

7x + 98 30x 5 =70;
23x = 23;
x = 1.
: 1.

411
) 2x2 x(2x 5) 2(2x 1) 5 = 0;
2x2 2x2 + 5x 4x + 4 5 = 0; x = 5 4; x = 1.
: 1.
) 6x(x + 2) 0,5(12x2 7x) 31 = 0;
6x2 + 12x 6x2 + 3,5x 31 = 0; 15,5x = 31; x = 2.
: 2.
) 12x(x 8) 4x(3x 5) = 10 26x;
12x2 96x 12x2 + 20x = 10 26x;

76x + 26x = 10 26x; 50x = 10;

x=

1
.
5

: 1,2.
) 8(x2 5) 5x(x + 8) = 3x2 11x + 18;
8x2 40 5x2 40x = 3x2 11x + 18;
8x2 5x2 3x2 40x + 11x = 19 + 40; 29x = 58; x = 2.
: 2.
412
t . .
(t 0,5) . .
12t = 14(t 0,5); 12t = 14t 7; 2t = 7; t = 3,5 .
3,5 12 = 42 .
: 42 .
413
.
.
.
.
(V + 3)
;
.
.
(V 3)
;
.

6 (v + 3) + 4(v 3) = 126; 6v + 18 + 4v 12 = 126;

63

10v + 6 = 126; 10v = 120; V = 12

: 12

.
.
.

.
.
.

414
t . .
(t + 1) . .
10(t + 1) = 15t; 10t + 10 = 15t; 5t = 10; t = 2 .
2 15 = 30 .
: 30 .
415
.
V
.
.
.
;
(V + 2)
.
.
(V 2)
;
.
4(V + 2) + 3(V 2) = 93; 4v + 8 + 3v 6 = 93; 7v + 2 = 93; 7v = 91;
.
.
v = 13
.
.
: 13
.
416
a+2
4 3a
) 14a
+ 25a2
= 2a (a + 2) + 5a2 (4 3a) =
7
5
= 2a2 + 4a + 20a2 15a3 = 15a3 + 22a2 + 4a;
b3 + b 1
b3 3b2 + 4
) 24b3
+ 26b2
=
6
13
= 4b3 (b3 + b 1) + 2b2 (b3 3b2 + 4) =
= 4b6 + 4b4 4b3 + 2b5 6b4 + 8b2 = 4b6 + 2b5 2b4 4b3 + 8b2;

5r 2 4
7 r 3 3r
+ 5r
= 30r2 (5r2 4) + 10r(7r3 3r) =
0,1
0,5
= 150r4 120r2 + 70r4 30r2 = 220r4 150r2;
13a 3 12a 2 + 5
4a 2 + 12a 1
9a2
=
) 8a
0,4
0,3
= 20a(13a3 12a2 + 5) 30a2 (4a2 + 12a 1) = 260a4 240a3 + 100a
120a4 360a3 + 30a2 = 140a4 600a3 + 30a2 + 100a.

) 3r2

64

 417

a 2 3a + 1
a 3 3a 2 + a
2a
+ a4 3a3 + a2 =
9
0,4
= 2a2 (a2 3a + 1) 5a(a3 3a2 + a) + a4 3a3 + a2 = 2a4 6a3 + 2a2
5a4 + 15a3 5a2 + a4 3a3 + a2 = 2a4 + 6a3 2a2;
x+ y
2x y
27y
y(y + 1) = 2x(x +y) 3y(2x y) y2 y =
) 12x
6
9
= 2x2 + 2xy 6xy + 3y2 y2 y = 2x2 + 2y 4xy y;
) 18a2

c3 5c 2 + c
c +1
+ c4 3c =
10c
11
5
= 3c3 (c+1) 2c(c3 5c2 + c) + c4 3c =
= 3c4 + 3c3 2c4 + 10c3 2c2 + c4 3c = 2c4 + 13c3 3c;

) 33c3

p2 + 5 p 1
p 3 + 0,5 p 2 p
+ 2p4 + 10p3 2p2 =
3p
0,7
0,1
= 40p2 (p2 + 5p 1) 30p(p3 + 0,5p2 p) + 2p4 + 10p3 2p2 =
= 40p4 + 200p3 40p2 30p4 15p3 + 30p2 + 2p4 + 10p3 2p2 =
= 12p4 + 195p3 12p2.
418
a = 3x2 + 4x 8, b = 2x2 7x + 12, c = 5x2 + 3x 27;
) 2(3x2 + 4x 8) + 3(5x2 + 3x 27) + 4(2x2 7x + 12) =
= 6x2 + 8x 16 + 15x2 + 9x 81 + 8x2 28x + 48 = 29x2 11x 49;
) 7x(3x2+4x8)12x + 15x(5x2 + 3x 27) 13 = 21x3 + 28x2 56x 12x +
+ 75x3 + 45x2 405x 13 = 96x3 + 73x2 473x 13;
) 72x(3x2 + 4x 8) 4(2x2 7x + 12) + 3x(5x2 + 3x 27) + 4 =
= 216x3 + 288x2 576x 8x2 + 28x 48 +15x3 + 9x2 81x + 4 =
= 31x3 + 289x2 629x 44;
) 0,1x2 (3x2 + 4x 8) + 0,5x(5x2 + 3x 27) 0,6x3 (2x2 7x + 12) 17=
= 0,3x4 + 0,4x3 0,8x2 + 2,5x3 + 1,5x2 13,5x 1,2x5 + 4,2x4 7,2x3
17 = 1,2x5 + 4,5x4 4,3x3 + 0,7x2 13,5x 17.
419
x = 3a2 + 4, y =12a 13, z = a2 a + 1, r = 5a3, L = 12a2, m = 4a
) 2(3a2 + 4) + 5a3 (12a 13) 12a2 (a2 a + 1) =
= 6a2 + 8 + 60a4 65a3 12a4 + 12a3 12a2 = 48a4 53a3 60a2 + 8;
) 12a2 (3a2 + 4) 3 4a(12a 13) = 36a4 + 48a2 144a2 + 156a =
= 36a4 96a2 + 156a;
) 5a3 (3a2 + 4) + 12a2 (12a 13) 4a(a2 a + 1) = 15a5 + 20a3 +
+ 144a3 156a2 4a3 + 4a2 4a = 15a5 + 160a3 152a2 4a;
) 4a(3a2 + 4) 12a2 (a2 a + 1) + 4 5a3 (3a2 + 4) 14 =
= 12a3 + 16a 12a4 + 12a3 12a2 + 60a5 + 80a3 14 =
= 60a5 12a4 + 104a3 + 16a 14.
65

) 28p2

 420
x(3 + 2) x2 (x + 3) + (x3 2x + 9) = 3x2 + 2x x3 3x2 + x3 2x + 9 = 9.
9.
421

6x(x 3) 9(

2 2
2
2
x 2x +4) = 6x 18x 6x + 18x 36 = 36.
3

36.
422
2x 3
7 x 13
5 2x
)
+
+
= x 1;
3
6
2

2(2x 3) + 7x 13 +3(5 2x) = 6(x 1);

4x 6 + 7x 13 + 15 6x = 6x 6; 5x 6x = 6 + 4; x = 2; x = 2.
: 2.
)

x2
2x 5
4x 1
+
+
= 4 x;
5
4
20

4(x 2) + 5(2x 5) + 4x 1 = 20(4 x);

4x 8 + 10x 25 + 4x 1 = 80 20x;
20x + 4x + 10x + 4x = 80 + 8 + 25 + 1; 38x = 114; x = 3.
: 3.
)

5x 4
3x 2
2x 1
+
+
= 3x 2;
3
6
2

2(5x 4) + 3x 2 + 6x 3 = 18x 12;

10x + 3x + 6x 18x = 12 + 3 + 2 + 8; x = 1.
: =1.
1
3x 2 5 x 7
= ; 3(x2 5x + 3) (3x2 5x 7) = 1;
) x2 5x + 3
3
3
3x2 15x + 9 3x2 + 5x + 7 = 1;
: 1

10x = 1 7 9; 10x = 15; x =1

1
.
2

1
2

423
) 2x + x(3 (x + 1)) = x(2 x) + 12; 2x + 3x x2 x = 2x x2 + 12;
4x = 2x x2 + 12; 2x = 12; x = 6.
: 6.
) x(2x + 3) 5(x2 3x) = 3x(7 x); 2x2 + 3x 5x2 + 15x = 21x 3x2;
18x = 21x 3x2 + 5x2 2x2; 3x = 0; x = 0.
: 0.
) x(4x + 11) 7(x2 5x) = 3x(x + 3); 4x2 + 11x 7x2 + 35x = 3x2 9x;
4x2 7x2 + 3x2 + 11x + 35x + 9x = 0; 55x = 0; x = 0.
: 0.

66

) x(12 x) 5 = 4x x(10 (3 x)); 12x x2 5 = 4x 10x + 3x x2;

12x 4x + 10x 3x = 5; 15x = 5; x =
:

1
.
3

1
.
3

424
t . .
(t 0,25) . .
1
4t + 12(t 0,25) = 17; 4t + 12t 3 = 17; 16t = 20; t = 1 .
4
1
1 4 = 5 .
4
1
1
(1 ) 12 = 12 .
4
4
: 5; 12.
425
.
3
( 5) ; ( + ( 5)) .
7
3
3
(2x 5) + x + x 5 = 110; 2x 5 + (2x 5) = 110;
7
7
10
(2x 5) = 110; 2x 5 = 77; 2x = 82;
7
x = 41 ; 41 5 = 36 ;
3
(2 41 5) = 33 .
7
: 41; 36; 33.
426
.
.

.
.
1,5
.
.
0,5x + 0,5 1,5x = 2400 1400; 1,25x = 1000;
.
.
x = 800
.
.
1,5 800 = 1200
.
.
.
.
: 800
; 1200
.
.
.

67

 427
.

.
.
.
.
4
.
2
2
x+
4x = 30 10; 2x = 20;
5
5
.
.
x = 10
.
.
4 10 = 40
.
.
.
.
: 10
.
428
.
( 2,5) .
8x = 10(x 2,5) + 2; 8x = 10x 25 + 2; 2x = 23;
1
x = 11 .
2
1
1
11 2 = 9 .
2
2
1
: 11 ; 9 .
2
429
2 .
( + 8) .
6x + 8(x + 8) = 232; 6x + 8x + 64 = 232; 14x = 168;
x = 12 .
: 12 .
430
.
2 .
(2 400) .
x + 2x + (2x 400) = 6000;
5x = 6400;
x = 1280 .
2 1280 = 2560 .
2560 400 = 2160 .
: 1280; 2560; 2160.

68

 431
.
1,5 .
( 200) .
1,5x + x 200 = 800; 2,5x = 1000;
x = 400 .
: 400 .
432
.
3 .
(3 + ) .
x + 3x + 3x + x =2648; 8x = 2648;
x = 331 .
3 331 = 993 .
4 331 = 1324 .
: 1324; 993; 331.
433
.
.
.
4
.
V = 10 2; V = 10
.
5
.
2 10 = 20 . .
: 20 .

V = (V V)

434

.
.
.
.
3
3
V = 7 1;
V = 6; V = 8
.
4
4
.
1,5 8 = 12 .
: 12 .
V = (V V)

16.
435
) (x +1)(x + 2) = x(x + 1) + 2(x+1) = x2 + x + 2x + 1 = x2 + 3x + 1;
) (a 3)(a + 8) = a(a + 8) 3(a + 8) = a2 + 8a 3a 24 = a2 + 5a 24;
) (b+10)(b4) = b(b 4) + 10(b 4) = b2 4b + 10b 40 = b2 + 6b 40;
) (y 5)(y 9) = y(y 5) 9(y 5) = y2 5y 9y + 45 = y2 14y + 45.
436
) (x 5)(9 x) = 9(x 5) x(x 5) = 9x 45 x2 + 5x = x2 + 14x 45;
) (y10)(y6) = y(y 10) 6(y 10) = y2 + 10y 6y + 60=y2 + 4y 60;

69

) (b + 10)(b 4) = b(b 4) + 10(b 4) = b2 4b + 10b 40 = b2 + 6b 40;

) (7 b)(a 4) = a( 7 b) 4( 7 b) = 7a ab + 28 + 4b.
437
) (2a + 4)(5a + 6) = 2a(5a + 6) + 4(5a + 6) = 10a2 +32a + 24;
) (7b 3)(8b + 4) = 7b(8b + 4) 3(8b + 4) = 56b2 + 4b 12;
) (8c + 12)(3c 1) = 8c(3c 1) + 12(3c 1) = 24c2 + 28c + 12;
) (15d + 27)(5d 9) = 75d2 135d 135d 243 = 75d2 270d 243.
438
) (m2 + n)(m + n) = m2 (m + n) + n(m + n) = m3 + m2n + mn + n;
) (2x2 1)(x + 3) = 2x2 (x + 3) (x + 3) = 2x3 + 6x2 x + 3;
) (3y2 + 5)(y 6) = 3y2 (y 6) + 5(y 6) = 3y3 + 5y 18y2 30;
) (7c2 1)(c 3) = 7c2 (c 3) (c 3) = 7c3 21c2 c + 3.
439
) (3a + 5)(3a 6) + 30 = 9a2 + 15a 18a 30 + 30 = 9a2 3a;
) (8 y)(8 + y) (y2 + 4) = 64 y2 y2 4 = 60 2y2;
) x(x 3) + (x + 1)(x + 4) = x2 3x + x2 + 5x + 4 = 2x2 + 2x + 4;
) (c + 2)c (c + 3)(c 3) = c2 + 2c c2 + 9 = 2c + 9.
440
) 0,3a(4a2 3)(2a2 + 5 = 0,3a(8a4 6a2 + 20a2 15) =
= 0,3(8a4 + 14a2 15) = 2,4a4 + 4,2a2 4,5;
) 1,5x(3x2 5)(2x2 + 3) = 1,5x(6x4 x2 15 = 9x5 1,5x3 22,5x;
) 3p(2p + 4) 2p(2p 3) = 6p2 (4p2 + 2p 12) = 24p4 + 12p3 72p2;
) 0,5y(4 2y2)(y2 + 3) = 0,5y(4y2 2y4 + 12 6y2) = y3 + y5 6y.
441
) (3m3+5)(3m210)=3m3 (3m210) + 5(3m2 10)=9m5 + 15m2 30m3 50;
) (4n5 1)(2n3 + 3) = 4n5 (2n3 + 3) (2n3 + 3) = 8n8 2n3 + 12n5 3;
) (5k4 + 2)(6k2 1) = 5k4 (6k2 1) + 2(6k2 1) = 30k6 + 12k2 5k4 2;
) (6p8 4)(2p2 + 5) = 6p8(2p2 + 5) 4(2p2 + 5) = 12p10 8p2 + 30p8 20.
442
) (a + 2)(a2 a 3) = a3 + 2a2 a2 2a 3a 6 = a3 + a2 5a 6;
) (5b 1)(b2 5b + 1) 5b3 b2 25b2 + 5b + 5b 1 = 5b3 26b2 + 10b 1;
) (m n + 1)(m + n) = m2 + mn mn n2 + m + n = m2 n2 + m + n;
) (c 2d)(c + 2d 1) = (c 2d)(c + 2d) c + 2d = c2 4d2 c + 2d.
443
) (x2 xy + y2)(x + y) =x(x2 xy + y2) + y(x2 xy + y2) =
= x3 x2y + y2x + yx2 x2y + y3 = x3 + y3;
) (n2 + np + p2)(n p) = n(n2 + np + p2) p(n2 + np + p2) =
= n3 + n2p + np2 pn2 np2 p3 = n3 p3;
) (a + x)(a2 + ax + x2) = a(a2 + ax + x2) + x(a2 + ax + x2) =
= a3 + a2x + ax2 + xa2 + ax2 + x3 = a3 + x3 + 2ax2 + 2a2x;

70

) (c2 + cd + d2)(c d) = c(c2 + cd + d2) d(c2 + cd + d2) =

= c3 + c2d + cd2 dc2 d2c d3 = c3 d3.
444
) (2a+ 3b)(4a2 6ab + 9b2) = 2a(4a2 6ab + 9b2) + 3b(4a2 6ab + b2) =
= 8a3 12a2b + 18ab2 + 12a2b 18ab2 + 27b2 = 8a3 + 27b3;
) (5x + 2y)(25x2 + 10xy + 4y2)=5x(25x2+10xy+4y2)+2y(25x2 + 10xy + 4y2) =
= 125x3 + 50x2y + 20xy2 + 50yx2 + 20xy2 + 8y3;
) (5 2a + a2)(4a2 3a 1) = 20a2 8a3 + 4a4 15a + 6a2 3a3 5 +
+ 2a a2 = 4a4 11a3 + 25a2 13a 5;
) (m2 m + 2)(3m2 + m 2) = 3m4 3m3 + 6m2 + m3 m2 + 2m 2m2 +
+ 2m 4 = 3m4 2m3 + 3m2 + 4m 4.
445
) (a1)(a2)(a5)(a + 3) = a2 3a + 2 a2 + 2a + 15 = 17 a=17+8 = 27;
) (a3)(a+4)(a+2)(a+5)=a2 + a 12 a2 7a 10= 6a24=124 = 23;
) (a7)(a+4)(a+3)(a10)=a2 3a 28 a2 + 7a + 30=4a+2=0,6+2 = 1,4;
) (a + 2)(a + 5) (a + 3)(a + 4) = a2 + 7a + 10 a2 7a 12=10 12 = 2.
446
) 12x2 (4x 3)(3x + 1) = 2; 12x2 12x2 + 5x + 3 = 2;
5x + 5 = 0; x = 1.
: 1.
) (x + 1)(x + 2) (x + 3)(x + 4) = 0; x2 + 3x + 2 x2 7x 12 = 0;
4x 10 = 0; x = 2,5.
: 2,5.
) 10x2 (2x 3)(5x 1) = 31; 10x2 10x2 + 17x 3 = 31;
17x = 34; x = 2.
: 2.
) 16x2 (4x 1)(4x 3) =13; 16x2 16x2 + 16x 3 = 13;
16x = 16; x = 1.
: 1.
447
) (3x + 5)(4x 1) = (6x 3)(2x + 7); 12x2 + 17x 5 = 12x2 + 36x 21;
16
.
19x = 16; x =
19
16
:
.
19
) (5x 1)(2 x) = (x 3)(2 5x); 11x 2 5x2 = 17x 6 5x2;
2
6x =4; x = .
3
2
: .
3

71

) (5x + 1)(2x 3) = (10x 3)(x + 1); 10x2 13x 3 = 10x2 + 7x 3;

20x = 0; x = 0.
: 0.
) (7x 1)(x + 5) = (3 + 7x)(x + 3); 7x2 + 34x 5 = 7x2 + 24x + 9;
10x = 14; x = 1
: 1

2
.
5

2
.
5

448
. .
( 20) . .
(x 10)(x 20 + 6 = x(x 20) + 12;
x2 10x 20x + 200 + 6x = x2 20x + 12;
4x + 200 = 12; 4x = 188; x = 47;
47 20 = 27 . .
: 47; 27.
449
.
(x + 1) .
( + 2) .
( + 3) .
(x + 2)(x + 3) x(x + 1) = 58; x2 + 5x + 6 x2 x = 58; 4x = 52; x = 13;
13 + 1 = 14 .
13 + 2 = 15 .
13 + 3 = 16 .
: 13; 14; 15; 16.
450
. .
60

x . .
2

(x + 10)(30 x 6) = x(30 x) 32;

(x + 10)(24 x) = 30x x2 32; 14x + 240 x2 = 30x x2 32; 16x = 272;
x = 17 . .

, S = 17 (30 17) = 17 13 = 221 2.
: 221 2.
451
.
( + 1) .
( + 2) .
x2 + 65 = (a + 1)(a +2); x2 + 65 = x2 + 3a + 2; 3x = 63;
72

x = 21 .
21 + 1 = 22 .
21 + 2 = 23 .
: 21; 22; 23.
452
) a(3a24)(3a2+4)=(3a3 4a)(3a2 + 4) = 9a5 12a3 + 12a3 16a=9a516a;
) (a 5)(a + 5)(a2 + 25) = (a2 5a + 5a 25)(a2 + 25) =
= (a2 25)(a2 + 25) = a4 25a2 + 25a2 625 = a4 625;
) (a2 + 9)(a +3)(a 3) = (a2 + 9)(a2 3a + 3a 9) = (a2 + 9)(a2 9) =
= a4 9a2 + 9a2 81 = a4 81;
) (a2 + 16)(a 4)(a + 4) = (a2 + 16)(a2 4a + 4a 16) =
= (a2 + 16)(a2 16) = a4 16a2 + 16a2 256 = a4 256.
453
) (3,5p1,2k)(3,5p + 1,2k) = 12,25p2 4,2p + 4,2p 1,44 = 12,25p2 1,44;
) (1,7s+0,3t2)(0,3t21,7s)=0,09t4 0,51st2 + 0,51st2 2,89s2=0,09t42,89s2;
) (2,4m20,8n2)(0,8n2+2,4m2)=5,76m41,92m2n2+1,92m2n20,64n4 =
= 5,76m4 0,64n4;
) (1,3x31,8y2)(1,8y2+1,3x3)=1,69x62,34y2x3+2,34y2x33,24y4=1,69x63,24y4.
454
) (a2 + a 1)(a2 a + 1) = a4 a3 + a2 + a3 a2 + a a2 + a 1 =
= a4 a2 + 2a 1;
) (m2 + 2m 1)(m2 2m + 1) = m4 + 2m3 m2 2m3 4m2 + 2m + m2 +
+ 2m 1 = m4 4m2 + 4m 1;
) (2x2 + 3x + 2)(2x2 + 3x 2) =
= 4x4 6x3 4x2 + 6x3 + 9x2 + 6x 4x2 6x 4 = 4x4 + x2 4;
) (b3 + 5b + 3)( b3 5b + 3) = b6 5b4 3b3 5b4 25b2 15b +
+ 3b3 + 15b + 9 = 9 b6 10b4 25b2.
455
) (m 1)(m3 + m2 + m +1) =m4 m3 + m3 m2 + m2 m + m 1=m4 1;
) (2 s)(16 + 8s + 4s2 + 2s3 + s4) =
= 32 16s + 16s 8s2 + 8s2 4s3 + 4s3 2s4 + 2s4 s5 = 32 s5;
) (x + y)(x3 x2y + xy2 y3) =
= x4 + x3y x3y x2y2 +x2y2 + xy3 xy3 y4 = x4 y4;
) (a + 3)(81 27a + 9a2 3a3 + a4) = 81a + 243 27a2 81a + 9a3 +
+ 21a2 3a4 9a3 + a5 + 3a4 = 243 6a2 + a5.
456
. .
(61 ) ;
( 5) . ;
(61 ( 5) . ;
(x 5)(66 x) 120 = x(61 x); 66x 330 + 5x x2 120 = 61x x2;

73

9x = 450; x = 50 .

: 50 (61 50) = 50 11 = 550 2 ;
550 + 120 = 670 2 .
: 550 2; 670 2.
457
. .
(120 ) . .
(x 14)(130 x) 4 = x(120 x);
130x 1820 + 14x x2 4 = 120x x2; 24x = 1824;
x = 76 . ;
120 76 = 44 . .
: 44 .; 76 .
458
.
( + 3) ; ( + 6) .
x(x + 6) + 54 = (x + 3)(x + 6); x2 + 6x + 54 = x2 + 9x + 18; 3x = 36;
x = 12 ; 12 + 3 = 15 ;
12 + 6 = 18 .
: 12; 15; 18.
459
.
( + 12) ; ( + 24) .
x(x + 12) + 432 = (x + 12)(x + 24); x2 + 12x + 432 = x2 + 36x + 288;
24x = 144; x = 6 ; 6 + 12 = 18 ;
6 + 24 = 18 .
: 6; 12; 18.
460
.
( + 3) ; ( + 8) ;
( + + 3) .
x(x+3)=(x + 8)2 (2x + 3) 74,2; x2 + 3x = x2 + 8x + 8x + 64 2x 3 74,2;
8x + 8x 2x 3x = 64 + 3 + 74,2; 11x = 13,2;
x = 1,2 ; 1,2 + 3 = 4,2 ;
1,2 + 8 = 9,2 ; 2 1,2 + 3 = 5,4 .
: 1,2; 4,1; 9,2; 5,4.

17.
461
) (a + x) 2 = a2 + 2ax + x2; ) (b y) 2 = b2 2by + y2;
) (c + d) 2 = c2 + 2cd + d2; ) (m n) 2 = m2 2mn + n2.

74

 462
) (x + 1) 2 = x2 + 2x + 1;
) (a 5) 2 = a2 10a + 25;

) (y 2) 2 = y2 4y + 4;
) (c + 8) 2 = c2 + 16c + 64.

463
) (7 a) 2 = 49 14a + a2;
) (4 + n) 2 = 16 + 8n + n2;

) (9 + b) 2 = 81 + 18b + b2;
) (12 p) 2 = 144 24p + p2.

464
) (x + 1) 2 = 1 2x + x2;
) (z 3) 2 = z2 + 6z + 9;
2
2
) (n + 8) = 64 16n + n ; ) (m 10) 2 = m2 20m + 100.
465
) (2a + 1) 2 = 4a2 + 4a + 1; ) (3c 2) 2 = 9c2 12c + 4;
) (6x 3) 2 = 36x2 36x + 9; ) (7y + 6) 2 = 49y2 + 84y + 36.
466
) (8x + 3y) 2 = 64x2 + 48xy + 9y2;
) (9p 2q) 2 = 81p2 36pq + 4q2;

) (6m 4n) 2 = 36m2 48mn + 16n2;

) (10z + 3t) 2 = 100z2 + 60zt + 9t2.

467
) ( 3a + 5x)2 = 25x2 30ax + 9a2;
) ( 6y 2z)2 = 36y2 + 24yz +4z2;
2
2
2
) ( 3m + 4n) = 16n 24mn + 9m ; ) (12z 3t)2 =9t2 + 72tz + 144z2.
468
) (0,2x 0,5a) 2 = 0,04x 0,2xa + 0,25a2;
2

1
3
1
1
1

; ) 6a = 36a2 2a +
;
) + 3n = 9n2 + mn +
2
16
36
6
4

) (10c + 0,1) 2 = 100c + 2cy + 0,01y2.

469
) (x2 + 1) 2 = x4 + 2x2 + 1;
) (p2 10) 2 = p4 20p2 + 100;

) (y2 6) 2 = y4 12y2 + 36;

) (q2 + 8) 2 = q4 + 16q2 + 64.

470
) (a2 + 3x) 2 = a4 + 6a2x + 9x2;
) (m2 6n) 2 = m4 12m2n + 36n2;

) (b2 5y) 2 = b4 10b2y + 25y2;

) (r2 + 4s) 2 = r4 + 8r2s + 16s2.

471
) (c2 + d2) 2 = c4 + 2c2d2 + d4;
) (p2 q2) 2 = p4 2p2q2 + q4;

) (m2 n3) 2 = m4 2m2n3 + n6;

) (z2 + t3) 2 = z4 + 2z2t3 + t6.

472
) (a3 + 3b) 2 = a4 + 6a2b + 9b2;
) (4x2 3c) 2 = 16x4 24x2x + 9c2;
) (5m2 + 3n2) 2 = 25m4 + 30m2n2 + 9n4;
) (6p2 8q3) 2 = 36p4 96p2q3 + 64q6.

75

 473
2

1
15
49 2
225 2
7
1
) 2 a 1 b = a b =
a 5ab +
b =
3
14
3
14
9
196

4
29
= 5 a2 5ab 1
;
9
196
2

13
40
2
1600 2

y =
) 0,9 x + 1 y = 0,9 x + 1 y = 0,81x2 + 2 xy +
27
27
3
729

2
142
= 0,81x2 + 2 xy + 2
;
3
729
2

1
25
625 2

y =1,44x2 + 10xy +
y =
) 1,2 x 4 y = 1,2 x +
6
6
36

13
= 1,44x + 10xy + 17
;
36
2

2
23
625 2
25

y =
b 5ab + 5,29a2 =
) 2,3a 1 b = b
529
23
23
10

96 2
2
=1
b 5ab + 5,29a .
529
474
) 792 = (80 1) 2 = 6400 160 + 1 = 6241;
) 392 = (40 1) 2 = 1600 80 + 1 = 1521;
) 592 = (60 1) 2 = 3600 120 + 1 = 3481;
) 692 = (70 1) 2 = 4900 140 + 1 = 4761.
475
) 212 = (20 + 1) 2 = 400 + 40 + 1 = 441;
) 312 = (30 + 1) 2 = 900 + 60 + 1 = 961;
) 612 = (60 + 1) 2 = 3600 + 120 + 1 = 3721;
) 912 = (90 + 1) 2 = 8100 + 180 + 1 = 8281.
476
) 422 = (40 + 2) 2 = 1600 + 160 + 4 = 1764;
) 622 = (60 + 2) 2 = 3600 + 240 + 4 = 3844;
) 822 = (80 + 2) 2 = 6400 + 320 + 4 = 6724;
) 322 = (30 + 2) 2 = 900 + 120 + 4 = 1024.
477
) 982 = (100 2) 2 = 10000 400 4 = 9596;
) 282 = (30 2) 2 = 900 120 4 = 776;
) 882 = (90 2) = 8100 360 + 4 = 7736;
) 582 = (60 2) 2 = 3600 240 4 = 3356.
76

 478
2

1
1
1

1
) 12 = 12 + = 144 + 2 +
= 146
;
12
12
144
144

2
2
4
4

;
) 7 = 7 = 49 + 4 +
= 53
7
7
49
49

3
3
9
9

) 13 = 13 = 169 + 6 +
;
= 175
13
13
169
169

3
9
9
3

) 7 = 7 + = 49 + 3 +
.
= 52
14
196
196
14

479
2

1
1
1
12

;
) 12 = 13 = 169 2 +
= 169
13
13
169
169

2
4
4
13

) 14 = 15 = 225 4 +
;
= 221
15
225
225
15

1
1
1
39

) 39 = 40 = 1600 2 +
;
= 1598
40
1600
1600
40

9
3
9
13

) 15 = 16 = 256 6 +
.
= 250
16
256
256
16

480
) (a b)(a + b) = a2 b2;
) (m n)(m + n) = m2 n2;

) (c d)(c + d) = c2 d2;
) (p q)(p + q) = p2 q2.

481
) (x 1)(x + 1) = x2 1;
) (10m 4)(10m + 4) = 100m2 16;

) (c 2)(c + 2) = c2 4;
) (8a 1)(8a + 1) = 64a2 1.

482
) (3b 1)(3b + 1) = 9b2 1;
) (10m 4)(10m + 4) = 100m2 16;

) (6x 2)(6x + 2) = 36x2 4;

) (8a 1)(8a + 1) = 64a2 1.

483
) (4a b)(4a + b) = 16a2 b2;
) (4b + 1)(4b 1) = 16b2 1;

) (x + 7)(7 x) = 49 x2;
) (5m + 2)(5m 2) = 25m2 4.

484
) (3x 5y)(3x + 5y) = 9x2 25y2;
) (7a 8b)(7a + 8b) = 49a2 64b2
2
) (13c 11d)(13c + 11d) = 169c 121d2;
) (8m 9n)(8m + 9n) = 64m2 81n2.

77

 485
) (5x 2y2)(5x + 2y2) = 25x2 4y4;
) (2c 3a2)(2c + 3a2 = 4c2 9a4;
3
3
6
2
) (10p 7q)(10p +7q)=100p 49q ; ) (8d + 6c3)(6c3 8d) = 36c6 64d2.
486
) (4x22y2)(4x2+2y2)=16x44y4; ) (10a3+5b2)(10a35b2)=100a625b4;
) (3n4m4)(3n4 + m4) = 9n8 m8; ) (10m8+8n8)(10m88n8)=100m1664n16.
487
) 69 71 = (70 1)(70 + 1) = 4900 1 = 4899;
) 31 29 = (30 + 1)(30 1) = 900 1 = 8999;
) 89 91 = (90 1)(90 + 1) = 8100 1 = 8099;
) 99 101 = (100 1)(100 + 1) = 10000 1 = 9999.
488
) 58 62 = (60 2)(60 + 2) = 3600 4 = 3596;
) 82 78 = (80 + 2)(80 2) = 6400 4 = 6396;
) 42 38 = (40 + 2)(40 2) = 1600 4 = 1596;
) 18 22 = (20 2)(20 + 2) = 400 4 = 396.
489
) 0,49 0,51 = (0,5 0,01)(0,5 + 0,01) = 0,25 0,0001 = 0,2499;
) 0,78 0,82 = (0,8 0,02)(0,8 + 0,02) = 0,64 0,0004 = 0,6396;
) 0,67 0,73 = (0,7 0,03)(0,7 + 0,03) = 0,49 0,0009 = 0,4891;
) 1,21 1,19 = (1,2 + 0,01)(1,2 0,01) = 1,44 0,01 = 1,4399.
490
2

1
9
1 5 13 3 13 3
) 10 9 = 9 + 9 = 10
=
14 196
7 7 14 14 14 14
10
1
9
20
8
280 + 8
= 100 +

= 100

= 100
=
7 196 196
14 196
196
92
104
26
;
= 100 1
= 98
= 98
196
196
49
45
2 5
2
2
4
= 80 ;
) 10 9 = 9 + 9 = 81
7 7
7
7
49
49
8
2
1
1
1
1
) 99 100 = 100 + 100 = 10000 = 9999 ;
3
3
3
3
9
9
4
4 1
1
1
1
24
= 63,96.
) 7 8,2 = 7 8 = 8 8 + = 64
= 63
5
5 5
5
5
25
25

491
) (x 1)(x2 + x + 1) = x3 1;
) (x + 3)(x2 3x + 9) = x3 27;

78

) (x 2)(x2 + 2x + 4) = x3 8;
) (x + 4)(x2 4x + 16) = x3 64.

 492
) (5m + 3n)(25m2 15mn + 9n2) = 125m3 + 27n3;
) (2a 3x)(4a2 + 6ax + 9x2) = 8a3 27x3;
) (4x 5y)(16x2 + 20xy + 25y2) = 64x3 125y3;
) (3x + 5y)(9x2 15xy + 25y2) = 27x3 + 125y3.
493
) 3(x y) 2 = 3x2 6xy + 3y2;
) b(1 +2b) 2 = b(1 + 4b + 4b2 = b + 4b2 + 4b3;
) 6(5m n) 2 = 6(25m2 10mn + n2) = 150m2 + 60mn 6n2;
) c(3a + c) 2 = c(9a2 + 6ac + c2) = 9a2c 6ac2 c3.
494
) a2 + (3a b) 2 = a2 + 9a2 6ab + b2 = 10a2 6ab + b2;
) 9p2 (q 3p) 2 = 9p2 q2 + 6qp p2 = 8p2 + 6qp q2;
) (5c + 7d) 2 70cd = 25c2 + 70cd + 49d2 70cd = 25c2 + 49d2;
) (8m n) 2 64m2 = 64m2 16mn + n2 65m2 = n2 16mn.
495
) (a 4) 2 + a(a + 8) = a2 8a + 16 + a2 + 8a = 2a2 + 16;
) (x 7)x + (x +3) 2 = x2 7x + x2 + 6x + 9 = 2x2 x + 9;
) (y 5) 2 (y 2) = y2 10y + 25 y + 2 = y2 11y + 27;
) b(b +4) (b + 2) 2 = b2 + 4b b2 4b 4 = 4.
496
) (3a b)(3a + b) + b2 = 9a2 b2 + b2 = 9a2;
) 9x2 (y +4x)(y 4x) = 9x2 y2 + 16x2 = 25x2 y2;
) (5c 6d)(5c + 6d) 25c2 = 25c2 36d2 25c2 = 36d2;
) (7m 10n)(7m + 10n) 100n2 = 49m2 100n2 100n2 = 49m2 200n2.
497
) 2(a 2)(a + 2) = 2(a2 4) = 2a2 8;
) x(x + 4)(x 4) = x(x2 16) = x3 16x;
) 5c(c + 3)(c 3) = 5c(c2 9) = 5c3 45c;
) 7d2 (d 1)(d + 1) = 7d2 (d2 1) = 7d4 7d2.
498
) (a c)(a + c) (a 2c) 2 = a2 c2 a2 + 4ac 4c2 = 5c2 + 4ac;
) (x 4)(x + 4) (x + 8)(x 8) = x2 16 x2 + 64 = 48;
) (3b 1)(3b + 1) (b 5)(b + 5) = 9b2 1 b2 + 25 = 8b2 + 24;
) (m+3n) 2 + (m + 3n)(m 3n) = m2 + 6mn + 9n2 + m2 9n2 = 2m2 + 6mn.
499
) (b 5)(b + 5)(b2 + 5) = (b2 25)(b2 + 25) = b4 625;
) (3 y)(3 + y)(9 + y2) = (9 y2)(9 + y2) = 81 y4;
) (a 2)(a + 2)(a2 4) = (a2 4)(a2 + 4) = a4 16;
) (c2 1)(c2 + 1)(c4 + 1) = (c4 1)(c4 + 1) = c8.

79

 500
(2a b)(2a + b) + (b c)(b + c) + (c 2a)(c + 2a) =
= 4a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 4a2 = 0.
501
) (a+3) 2(a 2)(a + 2) = a2 + 6a + 9 a2 + 4 = 6a + 13=3,5 6 + 13 = 8;
) (x3) 2(x +3)(x 3) = x2 6x + 9 x2 + 9 = 18 6x = 18 + 0,1 6 = 18,6;
) (m+3) 2(m 9)(m + 9) = m2 + 6m + 9 m2 + 81 = 6m + 100=1003 = 97;
) (c + 2) 2 (c +4)(c 4) = c2 +4c + 4 c2 + 16 = 4c + 20 = 1 +20 = 21.
502
) (5a 10) 2 (3a 8) 2 + 132a = 25a2 100a + 100 9a2 + 48a 64 +
+ 132a = 16a2 + 80a + 36 = 16a2 + 48a + 36 + 32a = (4a + 6) 2 + 32a =
= 182 192 = 324 192 = 132;
) (3p 8) 2 + (4p + 6) 2 + 100p = 9p2 48p + 64 + 16p2 + 48p + 36 +
+ 100p = 25p2 + 100p + 100 = (5p + 10) 2 = 0;
) (5b 3) 2 + (12b 4) 2 4b = 25b2 30b + 9 + 144b2 96b + 16
4b = 169b2 130b + 25 = (13b ) 2 = 182 = 324;
) (13 5m) 2 (12 4m) 2 + 4m = 169 130m + 25m2 144 + 96m
16m2 + 4m = 9m2 30m + 25 = (3m 5) 2 = 72 = 49.
503
) 8x(1 + 2x (4x + 3)(4x 3) = 2x; 8x + 16x2 16x2 + 9 = 2x;
3
6x = 9; x = .
2
3
: .
2
) x 3x(1 12x) = 11 (5 6x)(5 + 6x); x 3x + 36x2 = 11 25 + 36x2;
2x = 14; x = 7.
: 7.
) (6x 1)(6x + 1) 4x(9x + 2) = 1; 36x2 1 36x2 8x = 1;
8x = 0; x = 0.
: 0.
) (8 9x)x = 40 + (6 3x)(6 + 3x) ; 8x 9x2 = 40 + 36 9x2;

8x = 4; x =
:

1
.
2

1
.
2

504
) (x 6) 2 x(x + 8) =2; x2 12x + 36 x2 8x = 2;

20x = 34; x = 1
: 1,7.
80

7
.
10

) 9x(x + 6) (3x + 1) 2 = 1; 9x2 + 54x 9x2 6x 1 = 1;

1
48x = 2; x =
.
24
1
.
:
24
) x(x 1) (x 5) 2; x2 x x2 + 10x 25 = 0;
25
.
9x = 25; x =
9
7
: 2 .
9
) 16x(2 x) + (4x 5) 2 = 1; 32x 16x2 + 16x2 40x + 25 = 1;
8x = 24; x = 3.
: 3.
505
) 9x2 1 (3x 2) 2 = 0; 9x2 1 9x2 + 12x 4 = 0;
5
.
12x = 5; x =
12
5
:
.
12
) x + (5x +2) 2 = 25(1+ x2); x + 25x2 + 20x + 4 = 25 + 25x2;
21x = 21; x = 1.
: 1.
) (2x 3) 2 2x(4 + 2x) = 11; 4x2 12x + 9 8x 4x2 = 11;
20x = 2; x =

2
.
20

: 0,1.
) (4x 3)(3 + 4x) 2x(8x 1) = 0; 16x2 9 16x2 = 2x = 0; 2x=9; x =

9
.
2

: 4,5.
506
) (x 1)(x +1) = 2(x 3) 2 x2; x2 1 = 2x2 24x + 18 x2;

24x = 19 30x = 71; x =

:

19
.
24

19
.
24

) 3(x +5) 2 4x2 = (2 x)(2 + x); 3x2 + 30x + 75 4x2 = 4 x2; x =

: 2

71
.
30

1
.
30

81

) (2x + 3) 2 4(x 1)(x + 1) = 49; 4x2 + 12x + 9 4x2 + 4 = 49;

13
12x = 26; x =
.
6
1
: 2 .
6
) (3x + 1) 2 (3x 2)(2 + 3x) = 17; 9x2 + 6x + 1 9x2 + 4 = 17;
6x = 12; x = 2.
: 2.
507
) (10x2 4xy3) 2 = 100x4 80x3y3 + 16x2y6;
) (8p3 + 5p2q) 2 = 64p6 + 80p5 + 25p4q2;
) (0,6b3 5b2c4) 2 = 0,36b6 6b5c4 + 25b4c8;
) (3z7 + 0,5z3t) 2 = 9z14 + 3z10t + 0,25z6t2.
508
) 20x3z + 0,03z2) 2 = 400x6z2 + 1,2x3z3 + 0,0009z4;
3

) n3 + 4mn 2 = n6 + 3mn516m2n 4 ;
64
8

) (0,15r4n3 10n4) 2 = 0,625r8n6 3r4n7 + 100n8;

) 6a 2 ab = 36a4 4a3b + a2b2.

3
9

509
) (xn 23)(xn + 23) = x2n 26;
) (a2n + bn)(a2n bn) = a4n b2n;
) (cn d3n)(cn + d3n) = c2n d6n);
) (an + 1 bn 1)(an + 1 + bn 1) = a2n + 2 b2n 2.
510
) (3x2 2)(9x4 + 6x2 + 4) = 27x6 8;
) (5x2 + 3)(25x4 15x2 + 9) = 152x6 + 27;
) (8b2 + 3)(64b4 24b2 + 9) = 512b6 + 27;
) (7a2 1)(49a4 + 7a2 + 1) = 343a3 1.
511
) (x 2) 2 (x + 2) 2 = (x2 4) 2 = x4 8x2 + 4;
) (y 4) 2 (y + 4) = (y2 4) (y 4) = y3 4y 4y2 + 16;
) (m 6) 2 (m + 6) 2 = (m2 36) = m4 72m2 + 1296;
) (n 7) 2 (7 + n) = (n2 7)(n 7) = n3 7n 7n2 + 49.
512
) (x y)(x + y)(x2 + y2) = (x2 y2)(x2 + y2) = x4 y4; ) (3a b)(3a + b);
) (9a2 + b2) = (9a2 b2)(9a2 + b2) = 81a4 b4;

82

) (p3 + q)(p3 q)(p6 + q2) = (p6 q2)(p6 + q2) = p12 q4;

) (s4 + r4)(s r)(s + r)(s2 + r2) = (s4 r4)(s4 + r4) = s8 r8.
513
) (3x2 + 4) 2 + (3x2 4) 2 2(5 3x2)(5 + 3x2) = 9x4 + 24x2 + 16 +
+ 19x4 24x2 + 16 + 9x4 24x2 + 16 50 + 18x4 = 36x4 18;
) (4a3+5) 2+(4a31) 22(4a3+5)(4a3 1) = (4a3 + 5 4a3 + 1) 2 = 62 = 36;
) p(p 2c)(p +2c) (p c)(p2 + pc + c2) = p3 p 4c2 p3 + c3 = c3 4pc2;
) m(2m1) 22(m+1)(m2 m + 1) = 4m34m2+m2m32=2m3 4m2 + m 2.
514
) (a b)(a + b)(a2 + b2)(a4 + b4)(a8 + b8) = (a8 b8)(a8 + b8) = a16 b16;
) x32 (x 1)(x + 1)(x2 + 1)(x4 +1)(x8 + 1) (x16 + 1) = x32 x32 + 1 = 1.
515
) (6a5 + 1) 2 = 2 + 3 + 25x2; 12 = 25x2, 1 = 5x;
2 = (6a5) 2 = 36a10; 3 = 6a5 1 2 = 6a5 5x 2 = 60a5x;
) (10m5 + 1) 2 = 2 + 3 + 36m4n6; 12 = 36m4n6, 1 = 6m2n3;
2 = (10m5) 2 = 100m10; 3 = 2 1 10m5 = 2 6m2n3 10m5 = 120m7n3;
) (1 4x7) 2 = 25x4y2 2 + 3; (1) 2 = 25x4y2, 1 = 5x2y;
2 = 2 1 4x7 = 2 5x2y 4x7 = 40x9y; 3 = (4x7) 2 = 16x14;
) (8a3 1) 2 = 2 3 + 49a8b6; 12 = 49a8b6, 1 = 7a4b3;
2 = (8a3) 2 = 64a6; 3 = 2 8a3 1 = 16a3 7a4b3 = 112a7b3.
516
) (1 + 4d4) 2 = 2 + 24c2d5 + 3; 3 = (4d4) 2 = 16d8;
2 1 4d4 = 24c2d5, 1 = 3c2d;
2 = (1) 2 = (3c2d) 2 = 9c4d2;
4 2
6 2
2
) (1 8a ) = 81a b 2 + 3; (1) = 81a6b2, 1 = 9a3b;
2 = 2 1 8a4 = 2 9a3b 8a4 = 144a7b; 3 =(8a4) 2 = 64a8;
) (4p2q2 + 1) 2 = 2 + 3 + 0,01q8; (1) 2 = 0,01q8, 1 = 0,1q4;
2 = (4p2q2) 2 = 16p4q4; 3 = 2 1 4p2q2 = 8p2q2 0,1q4 = 0,8 p2q6;
) (8q4t 3 1) 2 = 2 3 + 0,16t4;
(1) 2 = 0,16t4, 1 = 0,4t2;
4 3 2
8 6
4 3
2 = (8q t ) = 64q t ; 3 = 2 8q t 1 = 16q4t3 0,4t2 = 6,4q4t5.
517
) (5b3 7c) 2 = 25b6 70b3c + 49c2;
) (9x 10x2y3) 2 = 81x2 180x3y3 + 100x4y6;
) (7x3 +5y2) 2 = 49x6 + 70x3y2 + 25y4; ) (6c5 4d3) 2 = 36c10 48c5 + 16d6.
518
) (2c 15a)(2c + 15a) = 4c2 225a2;
) (9a + 11c)(9a 11c) = 81a2 121c2;

) 0,5 y 2 x3 0,5 y 2 + x3 = 0, 25 y 4 x6 ;
4
4
16
) (10m3 0,4n2)(10m3 + 0,4n2) =100m6 0,16n4.
83

 519
) (0,7x3 10z2)(0,7x3 +10z2) = 0,49x6 100z4;

16

q4;
) 7 p 6 + q 2 7 p 6 q 2 = 49p12
11
11
121

3
4

3
4

) 1 x7 8 y 2 z 5 1 x 7 + 8 y 2 z 5 = 3

1 14
x 64y4z10;
16

) (5a4 6x2) 2 25a8 60a4x2 + 36x4.

520
64
= 64;
27
) 25 (2 3a)(4 + 6a + 9a2) = 25 8 + 27a3 =17 + 27a3 = 17 1 = 16;
) 127+(5c3)(25c2+15c+9)=127+125c27=125c+100=100125 1,2= 50;
) 64 (4 3a)(16 + 12a + 9a2) = 64 64 + 27a3 = 8.

) 125 (5 3x)(25 + 15x + 9x2) = 125 125 + 27x3=27x3= 27

521
) (2 1)(2 + 1)(22 + 1)(24 + 1)(28 +1) 216 = 216 216 = 0;
) 3(22 + 1)(24 + 1)(28 +1)(216 +1) 232 =
= (22 1)(22 + 1)(24 + 1)(28 +1)(216 +1) 232 = 232 232 = 0.
522
(32 + 22)(34 + 24)(38 +28)(316 + 216) =

(32 22 )(32 + 22 )(34 + 24 )(38 + 28 )(316 + 216 )

2

3 2

332 232
= 0,2(332 232).
5

18.
523
) (12 + 8) : 4 = 20 : 4 = 5;
) (44y + 22) : 11 = 4y + 2;

) (54d + 36) : ( 18) = 3d 2;

) ( 15y 5y) : ( 5) = 20y : ( 5) = 4y.

524
) (a ab) : a = 1 b;
) ( m mn) : m = 1 n;

) (x xy) : ( x) = y 1;
) ( c + cd) : ( c) = 1 d.

525
) (a2 + 3ab) : a = a + 3b;
) ( c2 2cd) : c = c 2d;

) (m3 m2n) : m2 = m n;
) (p4 p3q) : p3 = p q.

526
) (4ab2 + 3ab) : ab = ab + 3; ) (1,2cd3 0,7cd) : cd = 1,2d2 0,7;
) ( 3,5m2n 0,2mn) : mn = 3,5m 0,2;
1
1
1
1

) xy + x 3 y : mn =
+ x2.
3
2
3
2

84

 527

3
4
x y = 0,6x 0,8y;
5
5
) (4x + 12y 16) : ( 4) = x 3y + 4;
) (2ab + 6a2b2 4b2) : ( 2b) = a 3a2b + 2b;
) ( a5b3 + 3a6b2) : 4a2b2 = 0,25a3b + 0,75a4.
528
) (18a4 27a3) : 9a2 10a3 : 5a = 2a2 3a 2a2 = 3a = 24;
1
) (36x2y 4xy2) : 4y + yx = 9x2 xy + xy = 9x2 = .
9
529
) x, x2, 1; ) x, 2x, 7x; ) ab, 5ab, a2b2; ) mn, m2n2, 5mn.
530
) ; ) ;
) (2x3y2 + 3x2y 5x4y4) : xy = 2x2y + 3x 5x3y3;
) (2x3y2 + 3x2y 5x4y4) : ( x2y) = 2xy 3 + 5x2y3.
) (3x2y 4xy2) : 5xy =

531

12a8b6 + 60a 6b8

5 5

4a b

= 3a3b + 15ab3 ; )

15a 7 x9 45a9 x7
5a 6 x 6

132n3 p 2 44n 2 p3 + 110n 2 p 4

= 6n2p 2np2 + 5np3;
22np

108k 4 n 2 144k 3n3 180k 2 n 4

= 3k3n 4k2n2 5kn3.
36kn

= 3ax3 9a3x;

532

) (7a2 + 10a3b) : a4 =

7 + 10ab
a2

) (4x2 3x) : ( x2) = 4 +

7
a2

b
+ 10 ;
a

3
1
3
; ) (27a3 81b3) : 9a3b3 = 3 9 3 ;
x
b
a

) (42x3y 63xy3 + 14xy) : 7xy = 6x2 9y2 + 2.

533
) kL, kL; ) pq, p2q2; ) cd, c2d2; ) xy, x2y2.
534
) bc, b2c2, b2c, b2c3, b2c4;
) z, m, zm, z2m, z3m;

) xy, x2y2, xy2, x2y, x;

) k, L, kL, kL2, kL3.

535
) xy;
) y2, 3, 142xyz, 15x;

) xy2z, 5z, 6xyz, 20xy;

) 4xy2, y2z, 8, 7xyz, 2xy2z.
85

 536

15a 4b * + 24a 2b3

5 a 2b

:
)

= 3a 2

*
5a 2 b

15a 4b 35a3b 2 + 24a 2b3

2

5a b

*1 100a 2b 4 + 75ab 2

1 = 3a2 25ab3 = 75a3b3; 2 =

24 2
2
3 2
b ; = 5a 7ab = 35a b .
5
2

= 3a 7ab +

24 2
b.
5

= 3a2 2 + 3;

25ab3

100a 2b 4
25ab

75a3b3 100a 2b 4 + 75ab 2

25ab3

= 4ab; 3 =

= 32 4ab +

75ab 2
25ab3

3
.
b

3
.
b

*1 24a3 x 4
24a3 x 4
= 7a2 8ax3; 2 =
= 3a2x;
3
*2
8ax

1 = 2 7a2 = 7a2 3a2x = 21a4x.

:
)

3a 2 x 24a3 x 4
21a 4 x

= 7a2 8ax3.

57c 4 d 3 38c 3 d 2
57c 4 d 3
= 3cd2 2; 1 =
= 19c3d;
*1
3cd 2

2 =

38c3d 2 38c3d 2
=
= 2d.
*1
19c3d

57c 4 d 3 38c3d 2
19c3d

= 3cd2 2d.

537

4a 2 x 4 21a3 x3 + 72a 4 x 2
= 2 3 + 12a2x;
*1

1 =
3 =

72a 4 x 2
2

72a x

= 6a2x;

2 =

4a 2 x 4
6a 2 x

2 3
x;
3

21a3 x3
21a3 x3
7
=
= ax2;
*1
2
6a 2 x

30k 3 p3175k 2 p 4 *1
= 3k2 3 14p2;
*2

1 = 14p2 10kp3 = 240kp5; 3 =

86

2 =

30k 3 p3
3k 2

=10kp3;

175k 2 p 4
175k 2
=
=17,5kp;
*2
10kp3

45c10 d 3 + 54c n + 2 d 7 *1
=3 + 3,6cnd5 2c6d8;
*2

2 =
3 =

54c n + 2 d 7
3,6c n d 5

= 15c2d2;

1 = 2c6d8 2 = 2c6d8 15c2d2 = 30c8d10;

45c10 d 3
45c10 d 3
=
= 3c8d;
*2
15c 2 d 2

*1 *2 + 63a n x5
= 2a5x3 3a6x2 + 4,5an 3x;
*3

3 =

63a n x5
4,5a n 3 x

= 14a3x4;

1 = 3 2a5x3 = 14a3x4 2a5x3 = 28a8x7;

2 = 3 3a6x2 = 14a3x4 3a6x2 42a9x6.
538
) 3a3 1, 2ab ; 10b3 ;
30a4b 12ab2 ; b2 ; ) ; ) ;
) 15a4b3 6a2b4 ; 2 ;
3a2 1,2b ; 10a2b3 .
539
) (6x4y3 + 8x3y) 7xy = 42x5y4 + 56x4y2;
) (21x2y3 + 28xy) 2x3y = 42x5y4 + 56 x4y2;
) (4,2x4y2 + 5,6x3) 10xy2 = 42x5y2 + 56x4y2;
) (10,5x2y3 + 14xy) 4x3y = 42x5y4 + 56x4y2.

5.
19.

540
) x(x + 2) = 0;
) y( y 8) = 0;
) z(z + 1,6) = 0;
1
) t t = 0;
2

x = 0; x = 2;
y = 0; y = 8;
z = 0; z = 1,6;
1
t = 0; t = .
2

541
) (x + 1)(x + 4) = 0; x = 1; x = 4. : 1; 4.
) (y + 2)(y 6) = 0; y = 2; y = 6. : 2; 6.
) (c 12)(c + 25) = 0; c = 12; c = 25. : 12; 25.
) (d 7)(d + 1,4) = 0. d = 7; d = 1,4. : 7; 1,4.

87

 542
) (2x + 3)(3x 6) = 0;
2x + 3 = 0; 3x 6 = 0;
2x = 3; 3x = 6;
x = 1,5; x = 2.
: 1,5; 2.
) (4a 8)(6a 12) = 0;
4a 8 =0; 6a 12 = 0;
4a = 8; 6a = 12;
a = 2; a = 2.
: 2.

) (11b + 44)(13b + 26) = 0;

11b + 44 = 0; 13b + 26 = 0;
11b = 44; 13b = 26;
b = 4; b = 2.
: 4; 2.
) (25c 125)(54c 108) =0;
25c 125 = 0; 54c 108 = 0;
25c = 125; 54c = 108;
c = 5; c = 2.
: 5; 2.

543
) m(m + 1)(m + 2) = 0;
) n(n 3)(n 8) = 0;
m = 0; m + 1 =0; m + 2 =0;
n = 0; n 3 =0; n 8 =0;
m = 1; m = 2.
n = 3; n = 8.
: 1; 2.
: 3; 8.
) p(p + 13)(p 17) = 0;
) q(q 21)(q 105) = 0;
p =0; p + 13 = 0; p 17 = 0;
q = 0; q 21 = 0; q 105 = 0;
p = 13; p = 17.
q = 21; q = 105.
: 13; 17.
: 21; 105.
544
) (4x + 12)(15x + 30)(17x + 34) = 0;
4x + 12 = 0; 15x + 30 = 0; 17x + 34 = 0;
4x = 12; 15x = 30; 17x = 34; x = 3; x = 2; x = 2.
: 3; 2.
) (9y + 18)(12y 48)(36y 72) = 0; 9y + 18 = 0; 12y 48 =0; 36y 72 = 0;
y = 2; y = 4; y =2.
: 2; 4; 2.
) (23z 46)(45z + 90)(3z + 24) = 0; 23z 46 = 0; 45z + 90 = 0; 3z + 24 = 0;
z = 2; z = 2; z = 8.
: 2; 2; 8.
) (4t 1)(8t 3)(12t 17) = 0; 4t 1 = 0; 8t 3 = 0; 12t 17 = 0;
1
3
17
5
;t= ;t=
=1 .
4
8
12
12
1 3
5
: ; ; 1 .
4 8
12

t=

545
) x2 x = 0; x(x 1) =0; x = 0; x = 1. : 0; 1.
) 2x2 + 4x = 0; 2x(x + 2) = 0; x = 0; x = 2. : 0; 2.
1
3

1
3

) 3x2 7x = 0; x(3x 7) = 0; x = 0; x = 2 . : 0; 2 .
) x2 =4x; x(x 4) = 0; x = 0; x= 4. : 0; 4.
88

 546
) x2 16 = 0;
) y2 25 = 0;
) z2 36 = 0;
) t2 100 = 0;

(x 4)(x + 4) = 0; x = 4; x = 4.
y 5)(y + 5) = 0; y = 5; y = 5.
(z 6)(z + 6) = 0; z = 6; z = 6.
(t 10)(t + 10) = 0; t = 10; t = 10.

: 4; 4.
: 5; 5.
: 6; 6.
: 10; 10.

547
) 532 432 = (53 43)(53 + 43) = 10 96 = 960;
) 1082 982 = (108 98)(108 + 98) = 10 206 = 2060;
1

1 1

1 1

) 6 5 = 6 5 6 + 5 = 1 11 = 11 ;
3 3
3
3
3
3 3
3
1

) 7 3 = 7 3 7 + 3 = 4 11 = 44.
2 2
2
2 2
2
548
) 0,25a2 9 = 0;
(0,5a 3)(0,5 + 3) = 0;
0,5a 3 = 0; 0,5a + 3 = 0;
a = 6; a = 6.
: 6; 6.
) 4x2 144 = 0;
(2x 12)(2x + 12) = 0;
2x 12 = 0; 2x + 12 = 0;
x = 6; x = 6.
: 6; 6.

) 0,04b2 4 = 0;
(0,2b 2)(0,2b + 2) = 0;
0,2b 2 = 0; 0,2b + 2 = 0;
b = 10; b = 10.
: 10, 10.
) 0,25y2 25 = 0;
(0,5y 5)(0,5y + 5) = 0;
0,5y 5 = 0; 0,5y + 5 =0;
y = 10; y = 10.
: 10; 10.

549
910
910
910
13
1
)
=
=
=
= ;
137 2 1232 (137 123)(137 + 123) 14 260 14 26 4
)

2742 342 ( 274 34 )( 274 + 34 ) 240 308 308

=
=
=
= 77 ;
960
960
960
4

3242 362 ( 324 36 )( 324 + 36 ) 288 360 288

=
=
=
= 72 ;
1440
1440
1440
4

3522 522 ( 352 52 )( 352 + 52 ) 300 404 300

=
=
=
= 150 .
808
808
808
2

550

(144 18)(144 + 18) = 126 162 = 2 2 34 = 4 = 1 1 ;

3
3
1532 902 (153 90 )(153 + 90 ) 63 243
35
532 27 2 ( 53 27 )( 53 + 27 ) 24 80
6 8 48
)
;
=
=
=
=
792 512 ( 79 51)( 79 + 51) 28 130 7 13 91
)

1442 182

89

)
)

782 302
662 62
1012 312
1392 292

( 78 30 )( 78 + 30 ) = 48 108 = 4 108 = 108 = 6 = 1 1 ;

( 66 6 )( 66 + 6 ) 60 72 5 72 5 18 5 5
(101 31)(101 + 31) = 70 132 = 7 132 = 7 12 = 1
=
(139 29 )(139 + 29 ) 110 168 11 168 168 2

551

)
)
)
)

7,8 8,7 + 7,8 1,3 7,8 ( 8,7 + 1,3) 7,8 10

=
=
= 0,78;
100
100
100
13, 2 9,8 + 13, 2 2, 2 13, 2 ( 9,8 + 2, 2 ) 13, 2 12
= 6,6;
=
=
24
24
24
2,6 5, 4 + 5, 4 0,6 5, 4 ( 2,6 + 0,6 ) 5, 4 3, 2
=
=
= 1,6;
10,8
10,8
10,8
4,5 3,1 + 4,5 2,1 4,5 ( 3,1 + 2,1) 4,5 5, 2
=
=
= 4,5 52 = 234.
0,1
0,1
0,1

20.
552
) 1, 2, 2m; ) x, 2x, 4x; ) a, b, ab; ) z, 2z, 7z.
553
) (3x + 3y) = 3(x + y);
) (5a 5b) = 5(a b);
) 7a + 7y = 7(a + y);
) 8x 8a = 8(x a).
554
) 3x + 6y = 3(x + 2y);
) 5a 15b = 5(a 3b);
) 8x 32a = 8(x 4a).
) 7a + 14y = 7(a + 2y);
555
) 8x + 28y = 4(x + 3y);
) 15a 25 b = 5(3a 5b);
) 21a + 28y = 7(3a + 4y); ) 24x 32a = 8(3x 4a).
556
) 2,4x + 7,2y = 2,4(x + 3y);
) 1,8a 2,4b = 0,6(3a 4b);
) 0,01a + 0,03y = 0,01(a + 3y); ) 1,25x 1,75a =0,25(5x 7a).
557
1
4
1
8
16
8
2
) x + y = (x + 4y);
) a
b = (a b);
3
3
3
9
27
9
3
)

18
12
a+
y=
25
35

63
2
a + y ;
55
7

3 4
1
12
3
x
y = x y .
77
4
49
28

558
1
5

2
5

) 3 x + 3 y =
90

16
17
1
x + y = (16x + 17y);
5
5
5

2
7

) 4 a 1

1
30
15
15
(4a b).
b= a b=
14
7
14
14

559
) 3b2 3b = 3b(b 1);
) 4c2 12c5 = 4c2(1 3c3);

) a4 + 2a2 = a2(a2 + 2);

) 8d4 32d2 = 8d2(d2 4).

560
) x3 3x2 x = x(x2 3x 1);
) y5 2y4 + y2 = y2(y3 2y2 + 1);
561
) ab a2b = ab(1 a);
) x2y xy2 = xy(x y);

) 2m64m3 + 6m = 2m(m5 2m3 + 3);

) 9p4 18p2 27p = 9p(p3 2p 3).

) p2q2 pq = pq(pq + 1);

) m3n2 n3m2 = n2m2(m n).

562
) 2z5q2 4z3q + 6z2q3 = 2z2q(z3q 2z + 3q3);
) xy3 + 5x2y2 3x2y = xy(y2 + 5xy 3x);
) 7a4b3 14a3b4 + 21a2b5 = 7a2b3(a2 2ab + 3b2);
) 8x3y2 + 88x2y3 16x3y4 = 8x2y2(x + 11y 2xy2).
563
) 15x3y2 + 10x2y 20x2y3 = 5x2y(3xy + 2 4y2);
) 12a2b4 36a2b + 44abc = 4ab(3ab3 9a + 11c);
) 195c6p5 91c5p6 + 221c3p10 = 13c3p5(15c3 7c2p + 17p5);
) 42a4b 48a3b2 78a2b3 = 6a2b(7a2 8ab 13b2).
564
) 3x(a+b)+y(a+b)=(a +b)(3x + y); ) m(x y) (x y) = (x y)(m 1);
) (c + 2) d(c + 2) = (c + 2)(1 d); ) 5p(rs) + 6q(r s) = (r s)(5p +6q).
565
) 15c(a+b)+8(b+a)=(15c+8)(a + b); ) n(2a+1)+m(1+a) = (n +m)(2a + 1);
) 4a(x+y)9b(y+x)=(4a9b)(x+);
) 11p(c+8d)9(8d+c)=(11p9)(8d+c).
566
) a(bc)+3(cb)=(a 3)(b c);
) 4(pq)a(qp)=(4+a)(p q);

) 6(m n) + s(n m) = (6 s)(m n);

) 7z(x y) 5(y x) = (7z + 5)(x y).

567
) (x y)2 a(x y) = (x y)(x y a);
) 5(a + 3)2 (a +3) = (a +3)(5(a +3) 1) = (a +3)(5a + 14);
) 8c(m+n)2 + 9d(m + n) = (m + n)(8c(m + n) + 9d)=(m + n)(8mc + 8cn + 8);
) (p2 6) q(p2 6) = (p2 6)(1 q(p2 6)) = (p2 6)(1 qp2 + 6q).
568
) x2 3x = 0; x(x 3) = 0; x = 0; x = 3. : 0; 3.
) y2 5y = 0; y(y 5) = 0; y = 0; y = 5. : 0; 5.
91

) a2 + 10a = 0; a(a + 10) = 0; a = 0; a = 10. : 0; 10.

) b2 + 20b = 0; b(b + 20) = 0; b = 0; b = 20. : 0; 20.
569
) 0,45p2 + 18p = 0;
9
p(p + 40) = 0;
20
9
p = 0; p + 40 = 0;
20

p =0; p = 40.
: 0; 40.
) 4q2 + 3q = 0;
q(4q + 3) = 0;
3
.
4
3
: 0; .
4

q = 0; q =

) 9m2 + 0,27m = 0;
100

m + 1 = 0;
3

0,27m

100
m + 1 = 0;
3
m = 0; m = 0,03.
: 0; 0,03.
) 7x2 + 2x = 0;
x(7x + 2) = 0;
0,27m = 0;

2
.
7
2
: 0; .
7

x = 0; x =

570
) 1542 + 154 46 = 154(154 + 46) = 154 200 = 308 100 = 30800;
) 0,23 + 0,22 0,8 = 0,22(0,2 + 0,8) = 0,22 = 0,04;
) 1672 167 67 = 167(167 67) = 167 100 = 16700;
) 0,930,81 0,29=0,81 0,90,81 2,9=0,81(0,92,9)=0,81 ( 2) = 1,62.
571
) a(2ab)(a+b)3a(a + b)2 = a(a + b)(2a b 3a 3b) = a(a + b)(a + 4b);
) 5x2(3x8) + 10x(3x 8)2 = 5x(3x 8)(x + 6x 16) = 5x(3x 8)(7x 16);
) 4c(4c 1) 3(4c 1)2 = (4c 1)(4c 12c + 3) = (4c 1)(3 8c);
) 6d2(2d5)212d2(2d5)(d+5)=6d2(2d5)(2d5 2d 10) = 90d2(2d 5).
572
) 0,7562 0,241 0,756 0,415 0,756 =
= 0,756(0,756 0,241 0,415) = 0,756 0,1 = 0,0756;
) 2,49 1,632,12 1,63 + 1,632 = 1,63(2,49 2,12 + 1,63)=1,63 2 = 3,26;
) 0,252 2,4 + 0,25 2,42 0,25 2,4 0,65 =
= 0,25 2,4(0,25 + 2,4 0,65) = 0,25 2,4 2 = 0,5 2,4 = 1,2;
) 0,16 6,41 1,25 0,16 1,252 0,162 1,25 =
= 0,16 1,25(6,41 1,25 0,16) = 0,16 1,25 5 = 1.
573
) 176 + 175 = 175(17 + 1) = 175 18; 18;
) 428 + 427 = 427(42 + 1) = 427 43; 43;
) 317 + 315 = 315(32 +1) = 315 10 = 314 30; 30;
) 223 + 220 = 220(23 + 1) = 220 9 = 217 8 9 = 217 72; 72.
92

 574
) 87 218 = 87 86 = 86(8 1) = 4 2 85 7; 4;
) 106 57 = 56 26 57 = 56(64 5) = 56 59; 59;
) 97 + 312 = 97 + 96 = 96(9 + 1) = 95 90; 90;
) 810 227 = 810 89 = 89 (8 1) = 88 4 14. 14.

21.
575
) 2x x2 = x(2 x); 3ax + 2x2 = x(2x 3a);
2ax2 3a2x = ax(2x 3a); 4xy 2x2y = 2xy(2 x).
: 2x x2, 4xy 2x2y; 2x2 3ax, 2ax2 3a2x.
) ab 3b2 = b(a 3b); a2 3ab = a(a 3b);
5 + 10x = 5(1 + 2x); a + 2ax = a(1 + 2x).
: ab 3b2, a2 3ab; 5 + 10x, a + 2ax.
) n2 nm = n(n m); 6a2 9ab = 3a(2a 3b);
mn n2 = n(m n); 2ab 3b2 = b(2a 3b).
: 6a2 9ab, 2ab 3b2.
) 4x 8 = 4(x 2); x2 2x = x(x 2);
5 15m = 5(m + 3); 21mn + 7n = 7n(3m + 1).
: 4x 8, x2 2x.
576
) 2by bz = b(2y z); 4ax az = a(4x z);
2ay az = a(2y z); 4bx bz = b(4x z).
: 2by bz, 2ay az; 4ax az, 4bx bz.
) 6ax 3x = 3x(2a 1); 2a 1;
3by 3y = 3y(b 1); c cb = c(1 b).
: .
) a3 2a2 = a2(a 2); 4ab 2a2b = 2ab(2 a);
5ac2 10ac = 5ac(c 2); 3a 6 = 3(a 2).
: a3 2a2, 3a 6.
) 3mn2 6m2n = 3mn(n 2m); abn 2abm = ab(n 2m);
a2x3 9a2x = a2x(x2 9); 9x2 x4 = x2(9 x2).
: 3mn2 6m2n, abn 2abm.
577
) 3a + 3 na n = 3(a + 1) n(a +1) = (a + 1)(3 n);
) 6mx 2m + 9x 3 = 2m(3x 1) + 3(3x 1) = (2m + 3)(3x 1);
) ax 3x 4a + 12 = x(a 3) 4(a 3) =(x 4)(a 3);
) 2mx 3m 4x + 6 = m(2x 3) 2(2x 3) = (m 2)(2x 3).
578
) 7kn 6k +14n 12 = k(7n 6) + 2(7n 6) = (k + 2)(7n 6);
) 5a2 5ax 7a + 7x = 5a(a x) 7(a x) = (5a 7)(a x);

93

) 9m2 9mn 5m + 5n = 9m(m n) 5(m n) = (9m n)(m n);

) 6a2 2ab 3ac + bc = 2a(3a b) c(3a b) = (2a c)(3a b).
579
) 7c2 c c3 + 7 = c2(7 c) + 7 c = (c2 +1)(7 c);
) x3 + 28 14x2 2x = x(x2 2) 14(x2 2) = (x 14)(x2 2);
) 2b3 6 4b2 + 3b = 2b2(b 2) + 3(b 2) = (2b3 + 3)(b 2);
) x3 6 + 2x 3x2 = x2(x 3) + 2(x 3) = (x2 + 2)(x 3).
580
) 16ab2+5b2c+10c3+32ac2=16a(b2+2c2)+5c(b2+2c2) = (16a + 5c)(b2 + 2c2);
) 18a2+27ab + 14ac + 21bc = 9a(2a + 3b) + 7c(2a + 3b)=(9a+7c)(2a + 3b);
) 20n2 35a 14an + 50n = 10n(2n + 5) 7a(2n + 5) = (10n 7a)(2n + 5);
) 2x2yz15yz3xz2+10xy2 = xz(2xy 3z) + 5y(2xy 3z) = (xz + 5y)(2xy 3z).
581
ax 2a 3x + 6 = x(a 3) 2(a 3) = (x 2)(a 3);
) 4; ) 0; ) 2,25; ) 0.
582
2a + b + 2a2 + ab = (2a + b) + a(2a + b) = (2a + b)(a + 1);
) ( 2 + 998)( 1 + 1) = 0;
) (91 3)(45,5 + 1) = 46,5 88 = 4092;
) (2 7,4 + ( 2))(7,4 + 1) = 12,8 8,4 = 107,52;

23 1

) 1 + 8 ( 0,5 + 1) = 7 0,5 =
=3 .
3
3
3 2
6

583
5ab 7b + 5a2 7a = b(5a 7) + a(5a 7) = (a + b)(5a 7);
) (0,2+1)(1 7) = 1,2 ( 6) = 7,2; ) (2,50,5)(12,5 7) = 2 5,5 = 11;
) (3,7 3,7)(5 3,7 7) = 0;
) ((1,4 + 11)(7 7) = 0.
584
) 40a3b2c + 21bc 56ac2 15a2b3 = 8ac(5a2b2 7c) + 3b(7c 5a2b2) =
= (8ac 3b)(5a2b2 7c);
) 16xy25y2z10z3+32xz2 = 16x(y2 + 2z2) 5z(y2 + 2z2)=(16x 5z)(y2 + 2z2);
) 30x2 + 10c 25cx 12x = 5x(6x 5c) + 2(5c 6x) = (5x 2)(6x 5c);
) 18x2z 10kxy + 20k2y 36kxz = 18xz(x 2k) 10ky(x 2k) =
= (18xz 10ky)(x 2k) = 2(9xz 5ky)(x 2k).
585
) ax2aybx2 + cy + by cx2 = a(x2y)b(x2y) c(x2 y)=(x2 y)(a b c);
) xy2by2 ax + ab + y2 a = x(y2 a) b(y2 a)+y2a=(y2 a)(x b + 1);
) ax + bx + cx + ay + by + cy = (x + y)(a + b + c);
) ab a2b2 + a3b3 c + abc ca2b2 =
= ab(1 ab +a2b2) c(1 ab + a2b2) = (ab c)(1 ab + a2b2).

94

 586
21a2b 4b 12a + 7ab2 = 7ab(3a + b) 4(b + 3a) = (3a + b)(7ab 4);
26
2
14

14 12
4 = 1
= 8 ;
=
3
3
3
3

) ( 1 + 2)

) 12 + ( 4 4 ) =0;
7

1 8
1
1
8
8
) 3 + 7 4 = 3 + (4 4) = 0;
2 7
2
2
7
7
2
3

) ( 2 + 3) 3 7 4 = 1 ( 14 4) = 18.
587
) 2,7 6,2 9,3 1,2 + 6,2 9,3 1,2 2,7 =
= 2,7(6,1 1,2) 9,3(1,2 6,2) = (6,2 1,2)(2,7 + 9,3) = 12 5 = 60;
) 125 48 31 82 31 43 125 83 = 125(48 83) 31(82 + 53) =
= 125(48 83 31) = 125 ( 66) = 8250;
) 14,9 1,25 + 0,75 1,1 + 14,9 0,75 + 1,1 25 =
= 14,9(1,25 + 0,75) + 1,1(25 + 0,75) = 14,9 2 + 1,1 25,72 =
= 29,8 + 28,325 = 58,125;
1 1
2
1 4
3 5
3
3 5
1
1
= 3 7 + 3 7 = 7 4 = 28 .
3
3

2
3

) 3 4 + 4, 2 + 3 2 + 2,8 =

2
1 1
4
( 2,8 + 4, 2 ) + 3 4 + 2 =
3
3 5
5

588
) 109 9,17 5,37 72 37 9,17 + 1,2 72 =
= 9,17(109 37) 72(5,37 1,2) = 9,17 72 72 4,17 = 72 5 = 360; )
19,9 18 19,9 16 + 30,1 18 30,1 16 =
= (19,9 + 30,1)(18 16) = 50 2 = 100;
) 15,5 20,8 + 51,5 9,2 3,5 20,8 3,5 9,2 =
= 15,5(20,8 + 9,2) 3,5(20,8 + 9,2) = 30 12 = 360;
) 77,3 13 + 8 37,3 77,3 8 13 37,3 =
= 13(77,3 37,3) + 8(37,3 77,3) = 40 5 = 200.
589
) x2 + 6x + 8 = x2 + 2x + 4x + 8 = x(x + 2) + 4(x + 2) = (x + 4)(x + 2);
) x2 8x + 15 = x2 3x 5x + 15 = x(x 3) 5(x 3) = (x 5)(x 3);
) x2 + 3x + 2 = x2 + x + 2x + 2 = x(x + 1) + 2(x + 1) = (x + 2)(x + 1);
) x2 5x + 6 = x2 2x 3x + 6 = x(x 2) 3(x 2) = (x 2)(x 3).
590
) a2 7a + 6 = a2 a 6a + 6 = a(a 1) 6(a 1) = (a 6)(a 1);
) b2 + 9b 10 = b2 b + 10b 10 = b(b 1) + 10(b 1) = (b 1)(b + 10);

95

) y2 10y + 24 = y2 4y 6y + 24 = y(y 4) 6(y 4) = (y 6)(y 4);

) z2 18z 40 = z2 + 2z 20z 40 = z(z + 2) 20(z + 2) = (z 20)(z + 2).
591
) a2 + 8ab 9b2 = a2 + ab 9ab 9b2 = a(a + b) 9b(a+b)=(a 9b)(a + b);
) a2 + 16ab + 55b2 = a2 + 5ab + 11ab + 55b2 =
= a(a + 5b) + 11b(a + 5b) = (a +11b)(a + 5b);
) x2 + 4xy 12y2 = x2 2xy + 6xy 12y2 =
= x(x 2y) + 6y(x 2y) = (x + 6y)(x 6y);
) x2 + 16xy + 39y2 = x2 + 13xy + 3xy + 39xy2 =
= x(x + 3y) + 13y(x + 3y) = (x + 13y)(x + 3y).
592
) x 3x + 2 = 0;
x2 x 2x + 2 =0;
x(x 2) (x 2) =0;
(x 1)(x 2) =0;
x = 1;
x = 2.
: 1; 2.
) x2 6x + 8 =0;
x2 2x 4x + 8 =0;
(x 2)(x 4) = 0;
x = 2;
x = 4.
: 2; 4.

) x2 + 8x + 15 = 0;
x2 + 3x + 5x + 15 = 0;
x(x + 3) + 5(x + 3) = 0;
(x + 3)(x + 5) = 0;
x = 3;
x = 5.
: 3; 5.
) x2 3x 4 = 0;
x2 + x 4x 4 = 0;
(x 4)(x + 1) = 0;
x = 4;
x = 1.
: 4; 1.

593
) 2x2 5x + 2 = 0;
2x2 4x x + 2 = 0;
2x(x 2) (x 2) = 0;
(2x 1)(x 2) = 0;

) 3x2 + 10x + 3 = 0;
3x2 + 9x + x + 3 = 0;
3x(x + 3) + (x + 3) = 0;
(3x + 1)(x + 3) = 0;

1
; x = 2.
2
1
: ; 2.
2

1
; x = 3.
3
1
: ; 3.
3

x=

x=

) 4x2 + 5x 6 =0;
4x2 + 8x 3x 6 = 0;
4x(x + 2) 3(x + 2) = 0;
(4x 3)(x + 2) = 0;

) 3x2 x 2 = 0;
3x2 3x + 2x 2 = 0;
3x(x 1) + 2(x 1) = 0;
(3x + 2)(x 1) = 0;

3
; x = 2.
4
3
: ; 2.
4

x=

96

2
; x = 1.
3
2
: ; 1.
3

x=

 22.

594
) 4z2 = 2z 2z = (2z)2; 9b4 = 3b2 3b2 = (3b2)2;
25m2 = 5m 5m = (5m)2; 64p2 = 8p 8p = (8p)2;
) 16a2b4 = (4ab2)2; 81x6y4 = (9x3y2)2;
49s2t8 = (7st4)2; 25k2t10 = (5kt5)2;
2

16 2 4 2 4 2
9 4 12 3 2 6
p s t = ps t ;
mn = m n ;
25
5
16
4

4 2 12 2 6
25 4 8 16 5 2 4 8
a b = ab ;
xyz = x y z ;
49
81
9

) 0,01a4b8 = (0,1a2b4)2; 0,04x6y6 = (0,2x3y3)2;

0,49k2L10 = (0,7k4L5)2; 1,21m6n4 = (1,1m3n2)2.

595
) 4 36a2 = 22 (6a)2 = (2 6a)(2 + 6a);
) 100 49b2 = 102 (7b)2 = (10 7b)(10 + 7b);
) 400 121c2 = 202 (11c)2 = (20 11c)(20 + 11c);
) 225 144d2 = 152 (12d)2 =(15 12d)(15 + 12d).
596
) a2 9b2 = (a 3b)(a + 3b);
) m2 64n2 = (m 8n)(m + 8n);

) c2 16d2 = (c 4d)(c + 4d);

) p2 100q2 = (p 10q)(p + 10q).

597
) 59x2121a2=(7x 11a)(7x + 11a); ) 64p2 81q2 = (8p 9q)(8p + 9q);
) 9m2 16n2 = (3m 4n)(3m + 4n); ) 144y281r2 = (12y 9r)(12y + 9r).
598
) x2y21=(xy)212 = (xy 1)(xy + 1); ) c2d24=(cd)222=(cd 2)(cd + 2);
) m2n2 25 = (mn)2 52 = (mn 5)(mn + 5);
) p2q2 100 = (pq)2 102 = (pq 10)(pq + 10).
599
) 25 36p2c2 = 52 (6pc)2 = (5 6pc)(5 + 6pc);
) 100m2n2 81 = (10mn)2 92 = (10mn 9)(10mn + 9);
) 49x2y2 400 = (7xy)2 202 = (7xy 20)(7xy + 20);
) 225 144c2d2 = 152 (12cd)2 = (15 12cd)(15 + 12cd).
600
) c2d2 m2 = (cd)2 m2 = (cd m)(cd + m);
) a2x2 0,25p2q2 =(ax)2 (0,5pq)2 = (ax 0,5pq)(ax + 0,5pq);
) 16y2z2 4a2n2 = (4yz)2 (2an)2 = (4yz 2an)(4yz + 2an);
) x2y2 0,25p2q2 = (xy)2 (0,5pq)2 = (xy 0,5pq)(xy + 0,5pq).
97

 601
) 144a4 625c2 = (12a2)2 (25c)2 = (12a2 25c)(12a2 + 25c);

) 25p10

1
1
1 12
1

q = (5p5)2 q 6 = 5 p5 q 6 5 p5 + q 6 ;
3
3
9
3

) 169x8 400y16 = (13x4 )2 (20y8)2 = (13x4 20y8)(13x4 + 20y8);

) 4b16

1
1
1 4
1

d = (2b8)2 d 2 = 2b8 d 2 2b8 d 2 .

4
4
16
4

602
) x2 49 = 0;
(x 7)(x + 7) = 0;
x 7 = 0; x + 7 = 0;
x = 7; x = 7.
: 7; 7.
) z2 625 = 0;
(z 25)(z + 25) = 0;
z 25 = 0; z + 25 = 0;
z = 25; z = 25.
: 25; 25.

) y2 100 = 0;
(y 10)(y + 10) = 0;
y 10 = 0; y + 10 = 0;
y = 10; y = 10.
: 10; 10.
) t2 1 = 0;
( t 1)(t + 1) = 0;
t 1 = 0; t + 1 = 0;
t = 1; t = 1.
: 1; 1.

603
) 4x2 1 = 0;
(2x 1)(2x + 1) = 0;
2x 1 = 0; 2x + 1 = 0;

) 25y2 49 = 0;
(5y 7)(5y + 7) = 0;
5y 7 = 0; 5y + 7 = 0;

1
1
;x= .
2
2
1 1
: ; .
2 2

5
5
;y= .
7
7
5
5
: ; .
7
7

x=

y=

) 26a2 25 = 0;
(6a 5)(6a + 5) = 0;
6a = 5; 6a = 5;

) 144z2 1 = 0;
(12z 1)(12z + 1) = 0;
12z = 1; 12z = 1;

a = 1,2; a = 1,2.

: 1,2; 1,2.

1
1
;z=
.
12
12
1
1
;
.
:
12
12

z=

604
) a + b; a2 ab + b2;
) 2c + 3d; 2c2 6cd + 9d2;

) m2 + 2n2; m4 2m2n2 + 4n4

) 3p + 4q2; 9p2 12pq2 + 16q4.

605
) k L; k2 + kL + L2;
) 3p 2m; 9p2 + 6pm + 4m2;

) 5a2 b2; 25a4 + 5a2b2 + b4;

) 4s 3t2; 16s2 + 125t2 + 9t4.

98

 606
) a3b3 = (ab)3, x6y9 = (x2y3)3, 8m3n9 = (2mn3)3, 125k9t27 = (5k3t9)3;

1 9 1
p =
64
4

27 18 3 6
1

1
125 24 5 8
p ,
s = s ;
m12 = m 4 ,
a = a
125
5 343
7
216
6

) 0,064a3b3 = (0,4ab)3,
0,216m3n18 = (0,6mn6)3,
) 125x3y6z9 =(5xy2z3)3,
8m6n3p12 = (2m2np4)3,

0,125x9y3 = (0,5x3y)3,
0,008p9q12 = (0,2p3q4)3;
216a12b36c24 = (6a4b12c8)3,
0,343k9L18p15 = (0,7k3L6p5)3.

607
) a3 + 8 = a3 + 23 = (a + 2)(a2 2a + 4);
) b3 27 = b3 33 = (b 3)(b2 + 3b + 9);
) c3 64 = c3 43 = (c 4)(c2 + 4c + 16);
) d3 + 125 = d3 + 53 = (d + 5)(d2 5d + 25).
608
) 216 m3 = 63 m3 = (6 m)(36 + 6m + m2);
) 1000 + m3 = 103 + m3 = (10 + m)(100 10m + m2);
) 729 + p3 = 93 + p3 = (9 + p)(81 9p + p2);
) 343 q3 = 73 q3 = (7 q)(49 + 7q + q2).
609
) 64a3 + 1 = (4a + 1)(16a2 4a + 1);
) 27d3 8=(3d 2)(9d2 + 6d + 4);
) 512b3 125 = (8b 5)(64b2 + 40b + 25);
) 216c3 + 1000 = (6c + 10)(36c2 60c + 100).
610
) a3b31=(ab 1)(a2b2 + ab + 1);
) m3n327=(mn3)(m2n2+3mn+9);
611
) a2 2ab + b2 = (a b)2;
) z2 + 2zt + t2 = (z + t)2;

) 8 + c3d3 = (2 + cd)(4 2cd + c2d2);

) p3q3+64=(pq + 64)(p2q2 4pq + 16).

) x2 + 2xy + y2 = (x + y)2;
) m2 2mn + n2 = (m n)2.

612
) m2 + 4m + 4 = m2 + 2 2m + 22 = (m + 2)2;
) a2 12a + 36 = a2 2 6a + 62 = (a 6)2;
) 1 2b + b2 = (1 b)2;
) y2 + 18y + 81 = y + 2 9y + 92 = (y + 9)2.
613
) p2 + 10p + 25 = p2 + 2 5p + 52 = (p + 5)2;
) x2 14x + 49 = x2 2 7x + 72 = (x 7)2;
) 225 30y + y2 = 152 2 15y + y2 = (15 y)2;
) 64 + 16z + z2 = 82 + 2 8z + z2 = (z + 8)2.

99

 614
) 4y2 12y + 9 = (2y)2 2 3 2y + 32 = (2y 3)2;
) 9p2 + 48pq + 64q2 = (3p)2 + 2 3p 8q + (8q)2 = (3p + 8q)2;
) 9m2 + 24m + 16 = (3m)2 + 2 4 3m + 42 = (3m + 4)2;
) 9a2 30a + 25 = (3a)2 2 5 3a + 52 = (3a 5)2.
615
) 9x2 + 24xy + 26y2 = (3x)2 + 2 3x 4y + (4y)2 = (3x + 4y)2;
) 36a2 84ab + 49b2 = (6a)2 2 6a 7b + (7b)2 = (6a 7b)2;
) 4m2 28mn + 49n2 = (2m)2 2 2m 7n + (7n)2 = (2m 7n)2;
) 0,25x2 + 3xy + 9y2 = (0,5x)2 + 2 0,5x 3y + (3y)2.
616
) a2 10a + 25 = (a 5)2 ;
) 49 + 14a + a2 = (a + 7)2 ;
) a2 4a 4 = 1 (a2 + 4a + 4) = (a + 2)2 ;
) a2 12a 36 = 1 (a2 + 12a + 36) = (a + 6)2 .
617
) 342 + 2 34 36 + 362 = (34 + 36)2 = 702 = 4900;
) 272 2 27 13 + 132 = (27 13)2 = 142 = 196;
) 982 2 98 8 + 82 = (98 8)2 = 902 = 8100;
) 76,4 + 13,6 + 2 76,4 13,6 = (76,4 + 13,6)2 = 902 = 8100.
618
) 2572 1432 = (257 143)(257 + 143) = 114 400 = 45600;
) 73,62 26,42 = (73,6 26,4)(73,6 + 26,4) = 37,2 100 = 3720;
) 1652 652 = (165 65)(165 + 65) = 100 230 = 23000;
) 72,52 47,52 = (72,5 47,5)(72,5 + 47,5) = 25 120 = 3000.
619
) (x + 1)2 25 = (x + 1 5)(x + 1 + 5) = (x 4)(x + 6);
) (y 2)2 4 = (y 2 2)(y 2 + 2) = y(y 4);
) (z + 10)2 100 = (z + 10 10)(z + 10 + 10) = z(z + 20);
) (t 7)2 100 = (t 7 10)(t 7 + 10)= (t 17)(t + 3).
620
) 49 (m 3)2 = (7 m + 3)(7 + m 3) = (m + 4)(10 m);
) 400 (a + 9)2 = (20 a 9)(20 + a + 9) = (11 a)(29 + a);
) 625 (n + 12)2 = (25 n 12)(25 + n + 12) = (13 n)(37 + n);
) 121 (b 13)2 = (11 b + 13)(11 + b 13) = (24 b)(b 2).
621
) (a+4)2(b+2)2=(a + 4 b 2)(a + 4 + b + 2) = (a b + 2)(a + b + 6);
) (x5)2(y + 8)2 = (x 5 y 8)(x 5 + y + 8) = (x y 13)(x + y +3);
) (m+10)2(n12)2 = (m+10n+12)(m+10+n 12)=(m n + 22)(m + n 2);
) (c1)2(d 23)2 = (c 1 d + 23)(c 1+ d 23) =(c d + 22)(c + d 24).
100

 622
) (3x+1)2(4x + 3)2 = (3x + 1 4x 3)(3x + 1 + 4x + 3) = (x + 2)(7x + 4);
) (6y 7)2(9y + 4)2=(6y 7 9y 4)(6y 7 + 9y +4)=( 3y 11)(15y 3);
) (15z + 4)2 (3z 2)2 = (15z + 4 3z + 2)(15z + 4 + 3z 2) =
= (12z + 6)(18z + 2) = 12(2z + 1)(3z + 2);
) (3t 9)2 (8t 7)2 = (13t 9 8t + 7)(13t 9 +8t 7)=(5t 2)(21t 16).
623
1 2 1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
a
)
= 0; a a + = 0; a = ; a = ;
5 4
5
16
25
4
5 4
5
4
4
4
4
4
; a = . : ; .
5
5
5
5
4 2 16
4 2
4
2
4 2
4
2
b
= 0; b b + = 0; b = ; b =
)
11 7
11
49
121
7
11 7
11
7
3
3
3
3
b = 1 ; b = 1 . : 1 ; 1 .
11
11
11
11
9 3
9
9 2 81
3
9 3
9
3
= 0; c c + = 0; c = ; c = ;
)
c
10 4
10
16
100
4
10 4
10
4
1
1
1
1
c = 1 ; c = 1 . : 1 ; 1 .
5
5
5
5
8 6
8
36 2
64
6
d
= 0; d d + = 0;
)
21 35
21
1225
441
35
6
8 6
8
2
2
2
2
; d = ; d = 2 ; d = 2 . : 2 ; 2 .
d=
35
21 35
21
9
9
9
9

a=

624
) (2x 5)2 36 =0;
(2x 41)(2x + 31) = 0;
2x = 41; 2x = 31;
1
1
x = 20 ; x = 15 .
2
2
1
1
: 20 ; 15 .
2
2
) (5z 3)2 9z2 = 0;
(2z 3)(14z 3) = 0;
2z = 3; 14z = 3;
1
3
z=1 ;z=
.
2
14
3
.
: 1;
14

) (4 11y)2 1= 0;
(3 11y)(5 11y) = 0;
11y = 3; 11y = 5;
3
5
y=
;y=
.
11
11
3 5
:
; .
11 11
2
) (4t 3) 25t2 = 0;
( t 3)(9t 3) = 0;
t = 3; 9t = 3;
1
t = 3; t = .
3
1
: 3; .
3
101

 625
) (a + 1)2 (2a + 3)2 = 0;
( a 2)(3a + 4) = 0;
a = 2;
3a = 4;
1
a=1 .
3

1
.
3
) (5c + 8)2 (c 10)2 = 0;
(4c + 18)(6c 2) = 0;
4c = 18;
6c = 2;
1
c=4 ;
2

: 2; 1

c = 3.

: 4

)
)
)
)

) (3b 2)2 (b + 1)2 = 0;

(2b 3)(4b 1) = 0;
2b = 3;
4b = 1;
1
b=1 ;
2
1
b= .
4
1 1
: 1 ; .
2 4
) (7d 13)2 (9d 25)2 = 0;
( 2d + 12)(16d 38) = 0;
2d = 12;
16d = 38;
d = 6;
d =2

1
; 3.
2

3
.
8

: 6; 2

3
.
8

626
1 3 8 3 1
2 1
1
4
a b = a b a 2 + ab + b 2 ;
8
27
3 4
3
9
2
64 3 729 3 8
9 64
36
81 2
c +
d = c + d c 2 cd +
d ;
343
1000
7
10
49
35
100

125 3 216 3 5
6 25 2 15
36 2
x
y = x y x +
xy +
y ;
512
343
7 64
28
49
8
1 3 125 3 1
5 1
5
25
m +
n = m + n m 2 mn + n 2 .
729
216
6 81
54
36
9

627
) a6 8 = (a2)3 23 = (a2 2)(a4 + 2a2 + 4);
) 27 + b9 = 33 + (b3)3 = (3 + b3)(9 3b3 + b6);
2

( )

3 1
1
1
1 1

x 6 = x 2 = x 2 + x 2 + x 4 ;
8
2
2
4 2

1
1
1
1 1

x6 = + y 6 = y 2 y 2 + y 4 .
)
64
64
4
16 4

102

 628
) x3y3 c3 = (xy)3 c3 = (xy c)(x2y2 + xyc + c2);
) a3 + m3n9 = a3 + (mn3)3 = (a + mn3)(a2 amn3 + m2n6);
) m6n3 p12 = (m2n)3 (p4)3 = (m2n p4)(m4n2 + m2np4 + p8);
) q3 + c15d18 = q3 + (c5d6)3 = (q + c5d6)(q2 qc5d6 + c10d12).
629
3

( )

1 6
1
a b9 = a 2 b3
8
2

1
1
1

= a 2 b3 a 4 + a 2b3 + b6 ;
2
2
4

8 3
a + x9 =
27

1 3
1
x + y6 = x + y2
125
5

64 3 343 6 4 7
7 16
14
49 4
4
m
n = m n = m n2 m2 + mn2 +
n .
729
1000
10 81
45
100
9 10
9

2
2
3 3
3 4 2 2 3
6
a + (x ) = a + x a ax + x ;
3
3
3
9

( )

1
1
1

= x + y 2 x 2 xy 2 + y 4 ;
5
5
25

630
)(2 + 1)3 64 = (2c + 1)3 43 =(2c + 1 4)((2c + 1)2 + 4(2c + 1)+42) =
= (2c 3)(4c2 + 4c + 1 + 8c + 4 + 16) = (2c 3)(4c2 + 12c + 21);
) (3p 4)3 + 1 = (3p 4 + 1)((3p 4)2 3p + 4 + 1) =
= (3p 3)(9p2 24p + 16 3p + 4 + 1) = 3(p 1)(9p2 27p + 21) =
= 9(p 1)(3p2 9p + 7);
) 8 (3 k)3 = (k 1)(4 + 6 2k + 9 6k + k2) = (k 1)(k2 8k + 19);
) (5a + 4)3 27 = (5a + 1)(25a2 + 40a + 16 + 15a + 12 + 9) =
= (5a + 1)(25a2 + 55a + 37).
631
) (6b + 8)3 125 = (6b + 8 5)((6b + 8)2 + 5(6b + 8) + 25) =
= 9(2b + 1)(12b2 + 42b + 43);
) 1000 + (3q + 12)3 = (3q + 12)(100 10(3q + 12) + (3q + 12)2) =
= (3q + 12)(100 30q 120 + 9q2 + 72q + 144) =3(q + 4)(9q2 + 42q + 124);
) 8x3(5x3)3=(2x5x+3)((2x)2 + 2x(5x 3) + (5x3)2)= 3(x1)(4x2+10x2
6x + 25x2 30x + 9) = 9(x 1)(13x2 12x + 3);
)(3x + 2y)3 + 729y3 = (3x + 2y + 9y)((3x + 2y)2 9y(3x + 2y) + 81y2) =
= (3x+11y)(9x2+12xy+4y327xy18y2+81y2)= (3x + 11y)(9x2 15xy + 67y2).
632
2

9 2
16
4
3
4
3
a 2ab + b 2 = a 2ab + b = a b ;
16
9
3
4
3
4
2
2
2
3 2 5 2

9 6 2 4 4 25 2 6 2 2 3 2
2 2 a + b
2 2 5 2

)
=
a
b
a b +a b + a b = a b a +a b + b
6 ;
5
5
25
36
6

103

2
2
1 4
1
1

a =(b4)2 + a2b4 + a 2 = b 4 + a 2 ;
2
4
2

4
2
2
2 2
2
2
) 0,01x + y 0,2x y = (0,1x ) 0,2x y + y = (0,1x2 y)2.

) b8 + a2b4 +

633
) 513 263 = (51 26)(512 + 51 26 + 262) = 25 (512 + 51 26 + 262) 25
, , 25;
) 433 + 173 = (43 + 17)(432 43 17 + 172) = 60(432 43 17 + 172) 60
, , 60;
) 543 143 = (54 14)(542 54 14 + 142) = 40(542 54 14 + 142) 40
, , 40;
) 383 + 373 = (38 + 37)(382 38 37 + 372) = 75(382 38 37 + 372) 75
, , 75.
634
) (532+222472162) : (652 2 65 59 + 592) = (532 472 + 222 162) :
: (65 59)2 = ((53 47)(53 + 47) + (22 16)(22 + 16)) : 62 =
= (100 6 + 38 6) : 36 = 6 (100 + 38) : 36 = 138 : 6 = 23;

593 413
+ 59 41 = (59 41)(592 + 59 41 + 412) : 18 + 59 41 =
18

592 + 2 59 41 + 412 = (59 + 41)2 = 1002 = 10000;

) (1092 2 109 61 + 612) : (792 + 732 492 552) =
= (109 61)2 : ((79 49)(79 + 49) + (73 55)(73 + 55)) =

= 482 : (30 128 + 18 128) = 482 : (128 (30 + 18)) = 48 : 128 =

)

3
;
8

673 + 523
67 52 = (67 + 52)(672 67 52 + 522) : 119 67 52 =
119

= 672 2 67 52 + 522 = (67 52)2 = 152 = 225.

635

( 97 53) 97 2 + 97 53 + 532
973 533

2
2
+ 97 53 : (152,5 27,5 ) = =
)

44
44

: ((152,527,5)(152,5+27,5)) = (972 +2 97 53 + 532) : (125 180) =

= (97 + 53)2 : 22500 = 1502 : 22500 = 1;
573 + 333

) (36,52 27,52) :

90

57 33 =

( 57 + 33) 57 2 57 33 + 332

= ((36,527,5)(36,5+27,5))

90

) 57 33 =

= (9 64) : (572 2 57 33 + 332) = 576 : (57 33)2 = 1;

104

) :

( 79 41) 792 + 79 41 + 412

793 413

+ 79 41 : (133,52 58,52) =
)
+ 79 41
38

38

(133,558,5)(133,5+ 58,5) = (79 + 41)2 : (75 192) = 1202 : 14400 = 1;

693 + 293

) (94,52 30,52) :

98

69 29 =

(69 + 29)(692 69 29 + 292 )

69 29 =

98

= (94,5 30,5)(94,5 + 30,5)

= 64 125 : (69 29)2 = 8000 : 1600 = 5.

636
) a2 + + b2 = (a + b)2;
) b2 + 20ab + = (b + 10)2;
) 56a + 49 = (4a 7)2;
) 1 12c + 2 = (3c 2)2;

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2; = 2ab;

(b + 10)2 = b2 + 20ab + 100; = 100;
(4a 7)2 = 16a2 56a + 49; = 16a;
(3c 2)2 = 9c2 12c + 4; 1 = 9c2, 2 = 4.

637
) b2 20b + 1 = (2 10)2; (210)2=22 2 2 10 + 100; 1=100, 2=b;
) 1 42pq+49q2 = (3p 2)2; (3p2)2=9p22 2 3p+22; 1=9p2, 2=7q;
1
1
) 25a2 + 1 + b2 = (2 + b)2;
4
2
1 2
1 2
2
(2 + b) = 2 + 2b + b ; 2 = 5a, 1 = 2 b = 5ab;
2
4
) 0,01b2 + 1 + 100c2 = (0,1b + 2)2; (0,1b + 2)2 = 0,01b2 0,2b 2 + 22;
2 = 10c, 1 = 2 0,2b = 10c 0,2b = 2bc.
638
) 1 + 56ab + 49b2 = (4a + 2)2;
(4a + 2)2 = 16a2 + 2 2 4a + 22; 1 = 16a2, 2 = 7b;
) 225x2 1 + 64y2 = (15x 2)2;
(15x 2)2 = 225x2 2 15x 2 + 22;
2 = 8y, 1 = 30x 2 = 30x 8y = 240xy;
) 1 + 96xy + 36y2 = (8x + 2)2;
(8x + 2)2 = 64x2 + 16x 2 + 22; 1 = 64x2, 2 = 6y;
) 100a2 + 1 + 49b2 = (10a + 2)2;
(10a + 2)2 = 100a2 + 20a 2 + 22; 2 = 7b, 1 = 140ab.
639
) m2 + 40m + 1 = (2 + 20)2;
(2 + 20)2 = 22 + 2 20 2 + 400; 1 = 400, 2 = m;
) 1 70pq + 2 = (7p 3)2;
(7p 3)2 = 49p2 2 7p 3 + 32;

105

70 pq
= 5q, 2 = 25q2;
14 p
) 1 + 42ac + 49c2 = (2 + 3)2;
21ac
3 = 7c, 2 2 3 = 42ac, 2 =
= 3a, 1 = 22 = 9a2;
7c
) 25z2 1 + 2 = (3 8t)2;
2 = (8t)2 = 64t2, 3 = 5z, 1 = 5z 8t 2 = 80zt.
1 = 49p2, 3 =

23.

640
) 5x2 5 = 5(x2 1) = 5(x 1)(x + 1);
) 10x2 10y2 = 10(x2 y2) = 10(x y)(x + y);
) 3a2 12 = 3(a2 4) = 3(a 2)(a + 2);
) 9b3 b = b(9b2 1) = b(3b 1)(3b + 1).
641
) 9x2 81x = 9x(x 9);
) y3 100y = y(y2 100) = y(y 10)(y + 10);
) 64a a3 = a(64 a2) = a(8 a)(8 + a);
) b3 144b = b(b2 122) = b(b 12)(b + 12).
642
) c3 25c = c(c2 25) = c(c 5)(c + 5);
) 50m 2n2m = 2m(25 n2) = 2m(5 n)(5 + n);
) 0,04s sa2 = s(0,04 a2) = s(0,2 a)(0,2 + a);

16 2
16 2

4
4

p q q3 = q
p q 2 = q p q p + q .
49
49

7
7

643
) 5a2 + 10ab + 5b2 = 5(a2 + 2ab + b2) = 5(a + b)2;
) 2x2 + 4xy + 2y2 = 2(x2 + 2xy + y2) = 2(x + y)2;
) 3m2 + 3n2 6mn = 3(m2 2mn + n2) = 3(m n)2;
) 8n2 16n + 8 = 8(n2 2n + 1) = 8(n 1)2.
644
) 3x2 + 12x 12 = 3(x2 4x + 4) = 3(x 2)2;
) 2a2 + 20ab 50b2 = 2(a2 10ab + 25b2) = 2(a 5b)2;
) 5p2 10pq 5q2 = 5(p2 + 2pq + q2) = 5(p + q)2;
) 12z3 12z2 3z = 3z(4z2 + 4z + 1) = 3z(2z + 1)2.
645
) a4 16 = (a2)2 42 = (a2 4)(a2 + 4) = (a 2)(a + 2)(a2 + 4);
) b4 81 = (b2 9)(b2 + 9) = (b 3)(b + 3)(b2 + 81);
106

) y81=(y4 1)(y4 + 1) = (y2 1)(y2 + 1)(y4 + 1)=(y1)(y+1)(y2 + 1)(y4 + 1);

) x4 z4 = (x2 z2)(x2 + z2) = (x z)(x + z)(x2 + z2).
646
) 4m3 4n3 = 4(m3 n3) = 4(m n)(m2 + mn + n2);
) 13a3 + 13b3 = 13(a3 + b3) = 13(a + b)(a2 ab + b2);
) 15c3 + 15d3 = 15(c3 + d3) = 15(c + d)(c2 cd + d2);
) 21s3 21t3 = 21(s3 t3) = 21(s t)(s2 + st + t2).
647
) 6x5y 24xy3 = 6xy(x4 4y2) = 6xy(x2 2y)(x2 + 2y);
) 3a4b2 + 24ab5 = 3ab2(a3 + 8b3) = 3ab(a + 2b)(a2 2ab + 4b2;
) 0,3y2 2,7y6 = 0,3y2(1 9y4) = 0,3y2(1 3y2)(1 + 3y2);
) 0,1x4y 2,7xy4 = 0,1xy(x3 27y3) = 0,1xy(x 3y)(x2 + 3xy + 9y2).
648
) (m + 3)3 8 = (m + 3 2)((m + 3)2 + 2(m + 3) + 4) =
= (m + 1)(m2 + 6m + 9 + 2m + 6 + 4) = (m + 1)(m2 + 8m + 19);
) (c1)3+27 = (c 1 + 3)(c2 2c + 1 3c + 3 + 9) = (c + 2)(c2 5c + 12);
) (a12)3125 = (a125)(a224a+144+5a60+25)=(a 17)(a219a+109);
) (b+4)3+64=(b+4+4)(b2+8b+16+4b+16+16) = (b + 8)(b2 + 12b + 48).
649
) (x2 + 1)2 4x2 = (x2 + 1 2x)(x2 + 1 + 2x) = (x 1)2(x + 1)2;
) (y2 + 2y)2 1 = (y2 + 2y 1)(y2 + 2t + 1) = (y2 + 2y 1)(y + 1)2;
) 81 (c2 + 6c)2 = (9 c2 6c)(9 + c2 + 6c) = (9 c2 6c)(c + 3)2;
) 16m2 (m n)2 = (4m m + n)(4m + m n) = (3m + n)(5m n).
650
) (a2 + 2ab + b2) c2 = (a + b)2 c2 = (a + b c)(a + b +c);
) 16 (x2 2xy + y2) = 16 (x y)2 = (4 x + y)(4 + x y);
) 1 m2 2mn n2 = 1 (m + n)2 = (1 m n)( 1 + m + n);
) 4 p2 2pq q2 = 4 (p + q)2 = (2 p q)(2 + p + q).
651
) x2 2xc + c2 d2 = (x c)2 d2 = (x c d)(x c + d);
) a2 + 2a b2 + 1 = (a + 1)2 b2 = (a + 1 b)(a + 1 + b);
) c2 d2 + 6c + 9 = (c + 3)2 d2 = (c + 3 d)(c + 3 + d);
) r2 s2 10s 25 = r2 (s + 5)2 = (r s 5)(r + s + 5).
652
) x2 + 2xy m2 + y2 = (x + y)2 m2 = (x = y m)(x = y + m);
) c2 a2 + 2ab b2 = c2 (a b)2 = (c a + b)(c + a b);
) m2 n2 8m + 16 = (m 4)2 n2 = (m 4 n)(m 4 + n);
) 9 p2 + q2 6q = (q 3)2 p2 = (q 3 p)(q 3 + p).

107

 653
) x3 x2y xy2 + y3 = x3 + y3 x2y xy2 = (x + y)(x2 xy + y2) xy(x + y) =
= (x + y)(x2 xy + y2 xy) = (x + y)(x2 2xy + y2) = (x + y)(x y)2;
) a3 + a2b ab2 b3 = (a b)(a2 + ab + b2) + ab(a b) =
= (a b)(a2 + 2ab + b2) = (a b)(a + b)2;
) c2+2cd2+2d=c2d2+2 (c + d) = (c d)(c + d) + 2 (c + d)=(c+d)(c d + 2);
) m2 2n m 4n2 = m2 4n2 (2n + m) =
= (m 2n)(m + 2n) (2n + m) = (2n + m)(m 2n 1).
654
) x2(x 3) 2x(x 3) + (x 3) = (x 3)(x2 2x + 1) = (x 3)(x 1)2;
) (1 a)2 4a(1 a)2 + 4a(1 a)2 = (1 a)2(1 4a + 4a) = (1 a)2.
655
) a3 + 8b3 + a2 2ab + 4b2 = (a + 2b)(a2 2ab + 4b2) + a2 2ab + 4b2 =
= (a + 2b + 1)(a2 2ab + 4b2);
) 8c3 d3 + 4c2 + 2cd + d2 = (2c d)(4c2 + 2cd + d2) + 4c2 + 2cd + d2 =
= (2c d + 1)(4c2 + 2cd + d2).
656
) x3 + 8y3 + x2 + 4xy + 4y2 = (x + 2y)(x2 2xy + 4y2 ) + (x + 2y)2 =
= (x + 2y)(x2 2xy + 4y2 + x + 2y);
) 8p3 q3 + 4p2 4pq + q2 = (2p q)(4p2 + 2pq + q2) + (2p q)2 =
= (2p q)(q2 + 2pq + 4p2 + 2p q).
657
) a3 a2 2a + 8 = a3 + 8 a(a + 2) = (a + 2)(a2 2a + 4) a(a + 2) =
= (a + 2)(a2 2a + 4 a) = (a + 2)(a2 3a + 4);
) b3 6b2 6b + 1 = b3 + 1 6b(b + 1) = (b + 1)(b2 b + 1) 6b(b + 1) =
= (b + 1)(b2 b + 1 6b) = (b + 1)(b2 7b + 1).
658
) x2 10x + 24 = x2 10x + 25 1 = (x 5)2 1 = (x 6)(x 4);
) y2 14y + 40 = y2 14y + 49 9 = (y 7)2 9 = (y 10)(y 4);
) b4 + 4b2 5 = b4 + 4b2 + 4 9 = (b2 + 2)2 9 =
= (b2 + 2 3)(b2 + 2 + 3) = (b2 1)(b2 + 5) = (b 1)(b + 1)(b2 + 5);
) a2 6a + 5 = a2 6a + 9 4 = (a 3)2 4 = (a 5)(a 1).
659
) 4a2 12ab + 5b2 = 4a2 12ab + 9b2 4b2 = (2a 3b)2 4b2 =
= (2a 5b)(2a b);
) 9c2 24cd + 7d2 = 9c2 24cd + 16d2 9d2 = (3c 4d)2 9d2 =
= (3c 7d)(3c d);
) 25a2 20ab 12b2 = 25a2 20ab + 4b2 16b2 = (5a + 2b)2 16b2 =
= (5a 2b)(5a + 6b);
) 9m2 30mk + 16k2 = 9m2 30mk + 25k2 9k2 = (3m 5k2) 9k2 =
= (3m 8k)(3m 2k).
108

 660
) a2 + 7a + 10 = a2 + 5a + 2a + 10 = a(a + 5) + 2(a + 5) = (a + 2)(a + 5);
) x4+7x2+12 = x4 + 3x2 + 4x2 + 12 = x2(x2 + 3) + 4(x2 + 3) = (x2 + 4)(x2 + 3);
) b2 3b 4 = b2 1 3b 3 = (b 1)(b + 1) 3(b + 1) = (b 4)(b + 1) )
y4 5y2 + 4 = y4 4y2 y2 + 4 = y2(y2 4) y2 4 =
= (y2 1)(y2 4) = (y 1)(y + 1)(y 2)(y + 2).
661
) x2+5xy+6y2=x2 + 2xy + 3xy + 6y2 = x(x + 2y) + 3y(x + 2y)=(x+3y)(x + 2y);
) 4m25mn+n2=4m24mn mn + n2 = 4m(m n) + n(n m)=(mn)(4m n);
) p2pq2q2=p2+pq2q2 2pq = p(p + q) 2q(p + q) = (p + q)(p 2q);
) a2+7ab+6b2=a2 + ab + 6ab + 6b2 = a(a + b) + 6b(a + b) = (a + b)(a + 6b).
662
) x3 x = 0;
x(x2 1) = 0;
x(x 1)(x +1) = 0;
x = 0, x = 1, x = 1.
: 0; 1; 1.
) c3 + c2 = 0;
c2(c + 1) = 0;
c = 0, c = 1.
: 0; 1.

) 16y y3 = 0;
y(16 y2) = 0;
y(4 y)(4 + y) = 0;
y = 0, y = 4, y = 4.
: 0; 4; 4.
) d3 + d = 0;
d(d2 + 1) = 0;
d = 0, d2 + 1 0 d.
: 0.

663
) x3 + x2 4x 4 = 0;
x2(x + 1) 4(x + 1) = 0;
(x2 4)(x + 1) = 0;
(x 2)(x + 2)(x + 1) = 0;
x = 2, x = 2, x = 1.
: 2; 2; 1.
) 9z + 9 z3 z2 = 0;
9(z + 1) z2(z + 1) = 0;
(9 z2)(z + 1) = 0;
(3 z)(3 + z)(z + 1) = 0;
z = 3, z = 3, z = 1.
: 3; 3; 1.

) y3 + 2y2 4y 8 = 0;
y2(y + 2) 4(y + 2);
(y2 4)(y + 2) = 0;
(y 2)(y + 2)2 = 0;
y = 2, y = 2.
: 2; 2.
) p3 p2 4p + 4 = 0;
p2(p 1) 4(p 1) = 0;
(p2 4)(p 1) = 0;
(p 2)(p + 2)(p 1) = 0;
p = 2, p = 2, p = 1.
: 2; 2; 1.

664
x1 + x2 = 7; x1 x2 = 2;
) x1x22 + x12x2 = x1x2(x1 + x2) = 2 7 = 14;
) (x1 = x2)2 = 72 = 49;
) x12 + x22 = x12 + x22 + 2x1x2 2x1x2 = (x1 + x2)2 2x1x2 = 49 4 = 45;
) (x13 + x23) = (x1 + x2)(x12 x1x2 + x22) =
= (x1 + x2)((x1 + x2)2 3x1x2) = 7(49 6) = 7 43 = 301.

109

 665
x1 + x2 = 5; x1 x2 = 3
) x14 + x24 = x14 + 2x12x22 + x14 2x12x22 = (x12 + x22)2 2x12x22 =
= ((x1 + x2)2 2x1x2)2 2x12x22 = (25 + 6)2 18 = 312 18 = 961 18 = 943;
) (x1 x2)2 = x12 2x1x2 + x22 = (x1 + x2)2 4x1x2 = 25 + 12 = 37;
) x13x22 + x12x23 = x12x22(x1 + x2) = 9 5 = 45;
) x12x24 + x14x22 = x12x22(x12 + x22) = x12x22(x12 + 2x1x2 + x22 2x1x2) =
= x12x22((x1 + x2)2 2x1x2) = 9 (25 + 6) = 279.

24.
666
) 3a2b3, 12a3b2 : = 3a2b2;
) 6x2y, 9y5 : = 3y;

) 15b12c2, 25b3c4 : = 5b3c2;

) p5q2, 12p2q5 : = p2q2.

667

y4
y

= y; )

z5
z

1
z

; )

m10
m

24

1
m

668

)
)
)
)

z 8t 4 w20
zt w

15 4 8

m n r

m19 n 21z 6
12 19 5

a x z

b100 y 5 z

101 3 4

y z

t4
t

15

m19

a 40 x31z 6

z8

w20
= z7 t w19;
w

n4 r 8
r2

;
n 21 z 8
m 4 n17

a12 x19 z 5
1
31 6 = 28 12 ;
40
a
x
z
a x z

b100 y 5 z
y2
3 4 = 3.
101
b
y z
bz

669

)
)

3a 2b
9a

7x y
49 xy

21cd 4

)
)

14ad 3

30 p 2 q3
3 3

48 p q

110

3a 2
9a

b =

b
;
3a

7 x4 y
x3
3 = 2 ;
49 x y
y

3d
21c d 4
;
3 =
14c d
2

30 p 2 q3
30
10
5

=
=
=
.
48 p3 q3 48 p 16 p 8 p

14

; )

n19
n

= n15.

 670

)
)
)
)

15a ( p q )

20b ( p q )
2b ( m + n )

6bc ( m + n )

15 a p q 3a
;

=
20 b p q 4b

2b m + n
1 1 1

= = c;
6b c ( m + n ) 3 c 3

8 a 2b 3 ( a + b )
20ab 2 ( a + b )

8ab 2
2ab
a+b 2
;
ab
= ab =
20ab
5
a+b 5

44c3d 8 ( c d )

100c5d 4 ( c d )

44c3d 4 d 4 c d 11 d 4 11d 4

=
.
100c3d 4 c 2 c d 25 c 2 25c 2

671
5( x y )
5
x y
1
)
=

= ;
15( y x)
15 x y
3

)
)
)

150a 2b3 ( z t )
300ab5 ( t z )
2(m n)

a (n m)

150 ab3 a z t
a

= 2 ;
300 ab3 b 2 z t
2b

2 mn
2
=
= ;
a mn
a

13x3 y 4 z 5 ( c d )
26 xy 5 z 7 ( d c )

13 xy 4 z 5 c d x 2
x2

.
26 xy 4 z 5 c d yz 2
2 yz 2

672

)
)
)
)

2a ( x + y )

8a ( x + y )( x + y )

2a x + y
1
1
;

=
8a x + y x y 4 ( x y )

( a 1) (a 2 + a + 1) =
(a 2 + a + 1)

3 ( a b )( a + b )

6 ( a + b )( a b )

3(n 2 + n + 1)

( n 1) (n2 + n + 1)

( a 1)

a2 + a + 1
a2 + a + 1

= a 1 ;

3 ab a+b 1

= ;
6 ab a+b 2
= 3

1 n2 + n + 1
3
.

=
n 1 n2 + n + 1 n 1

673

)
)

( a b )2
( b a )2

16 ( x y )

( a b )2
( a b )2
=
( a b ) ( ( a b ) ) ( a b )2

48 ( y x )

=1;

16 ( x y )
1

= ;
48 ( x y )2 3

111

)
)

112a3b5 ( p q) 2
2

36a b(q p)
49 xy (c d ) 2
2

7 x (d c)

12a 2b
2

36a b

ab 4

( p q) 2
( p q)

ab 4
;
3

49 x y (c d )2 7 y
.

=
x
7 x x (c d ) 2

674

)
)
)

( x + 5)3

= ( x + 5)

( x + 5) 2

c( z 15)3
8c( z 15)4
3a(b 2)
6(b 2)

( x + 5)
= x+5;
( x + 5)

( y 8)10
( y 8)8

= ( y 8) 2

( y 8)8
( y 8)8

c ( z 15)3 1
1
1
;

=
=
8c ( z 15) 4 8 z 15 8 z 120

3
b2
1
1
a
a
= a
=
.
2

2)
6
2
2
2(
b
b
(b 2)

675
6a + 6b 6(a + b) 6 a + b 6
xz 3 yz z ( x 3 y ) z x 3 y 7
=
=
= ; ) 2
)
=
=
= ;
x( x 3)
x x 3y x
7 a + 7b 7( a + b) 7 a + b 7
x 3 xy

3m 6n 3(m 2n) 3 m 2n 1
1
=
=
= (1) = ;
12n 6m 6(n 2m) 6 2n m 2
2

2 p 4q 2( p 2q) 2 p 2q
1
=
=
= .
16q 8 8(2q p ) 8
2q
4

676
8 x 8 y 8( x y ) 8
ma + a
a (m + 1)
a
=
= ( 1) ; )
)
=
= ;
c
9 y 9 x 9( y x) 9
mc c c( m + 1)

s + s s ( s + 1) s
3c3 + 3cd 2 3c(c 2 + d 2 ) 3c
c
=
= ; )
=
=
=
.
2
3
2
2
d
d
5s + 5 5( s + 1) 5
6
2
6dc + 6d
6d (c + d )

677

4a 2 9b 2 (2a 3b)(2a + 3b)

2a 3b
=
= (2a + 3b)
= 2a 3b ;
2a 3b
2a 3b
2a 3b

36 y 2 (6 y )(6 + y )
6 y
=
= (6 + y )
=6+ y;
6 y
6 y
6 y

)
)

8 3c
9c 2 64

8 3c
1
3c 8
1
=

=
;
(3c 8)(3c + 8)
3c + 8 3c 8
3c + 8

100 49d 2 (10 7 d )(10 + 7 d )

=
= 10 7 d .
7 d + 10
7 d + 10

112

 678

x 2 9 ( x 3)( x + 3) x 3 x + 3 x 3
=
=

=
;
3x + 9
3( x + 3)
3 x+3
3

y 2 144 ( y 12)( y + 12)

y 12
=
= ( y + 12)
= ( y + 12) ;
12 y
12 y
y 12

4 d 2 (2 d )(2 + d ) 2 d 2 + d 2 d
=
=

=
;
3d + 6
3(d + 2)
3 d+2
3

c 2 5c
25 c

c(c 5)
c c5
c
=

=
.
c+5
(5 c)(c + 5) c + 5 5 c

679

)
)
)
)

a3 8

a + 2a + 4
x3 + 1
x2 x 1

a + 2a + 4
x2 x 1

1 5 y + 25 y 2
8t 3 + 1

( x + 1)( x 2 x 1)

125 y 3 + 1
4t 2 2t + 1

(a 2)(a 2 + 2a + 4)

= (a 2)

= ( x + 1)

(5 y + 1)(25 y 2 5 y + 1)
1 5 y + 25 y 2
4t 2 2t + 1

(2t + 1)(4t 2 2t + 1)

a 2 + 2a + 4
a 2 + 2a + 4

x2 x 1
x2 x 1

= (5 y + 1)

=a2 ;

= x +1 ;

25 y 2 5 y + 1
25 y 2 5 y + 1

= 5y + 1;

1
4t 2 2t + 1
1
2
=
.
2t + 1 4t 2t + 1 2t + 1

680

( x + y )2
2

x y

( x + y )2
x+ y x+ y x+ y
=

=
;
( x y )( x + y ) x y x + y x y

(m n )2 = m n m n = m n ;
m 2 n 2 (m n )(m + n ) m + n m n m + n
2
2(a 2 b 2 ) 2(a b )2 (a + b )2
2 (a + b )
a
b
2
(
)
)
=

=
;
(a + b )2
(a + b )2
(a + b )2
12a 3 ( p 2 q 2 ) 12a 3 ( p q )( p + q ) a
a( p q )
=

= ( p q) =
.
)
( p + q)
3
3
36a 2 ( p + q ) 36a 2

(m n )2

681

)
)

p 2 2 pq + q 2 ( p q )2
a 2 + 2ab + b 2 (a + b )2
=
= pq ;
=
= a + b ; )
pq
pq
a+b
a+b
x y
x 2 2 xy + y 2

x y

(x y )2

1
m 2 + 2mn + n 2 (m + n )2
; )
=
=1.
x y
(m + n )2
(m + n )2

113

 682

)
)

y 2 x2
2

x 2 xy + y 2
1 2 p

=
=

( y x )( y + x ) = x + y ;
(x y )
(x y )2
1 2 p

1
;
1 2 p

(1 2 p )
b 49
(b 7 )(b + 7 ) = b + 7 ;
=
b7
b 2 14b + 49
(b 7 )2
2
2
c 18c + 81 (c 9 )
=
=9c .
1 4 p + 4 p

)
)

9c

9c

683
ax bx x(a + b )
x
)
=
= ;
ay + by
y (a + b )
y

)
)

4 x 2 y 4 x3
12 x 2 y 2 12 xy 3

m5 3m 2
7

2m 6m

684

)
)
)

x 2 xy
x 2 y xy 2

ma 2 m 2 a
m 2 ma
3nd 6 pd

4x2 ( y x)

12 xy 2 (x y )

( )= 1
2m (m 3) 2m
m 2 m3 3
4

x( x y )

3 y 2 (x y )

15n + 10n

pq 4 cq 4

cq 3 pq 3

ma(a m )
ma
=
= a ;
m(m a )
m
=

2d 4 (n 2 p )
3d (n 2 p )
3

2d 4
3d

2d
.
3

685

)
)
)
)

x 2 4 x + 4 (x 2 )2 x 2 x 2 x 2
;
=
=

=
3x 6
3(x 2 )
3 x2
3

(a + 1)2 = a + 1 a + 1 = a + 1 ;
(a 1)(a + 1) a 1 a + 1 a 1
a2 1
4 4x
4(1 x )
4 1 x
4
;
=

=
=
2
2
1 x 1 x 1 x
x 2 x + 1 ( x 1)
3q 2 + 24q
3q (q + 8)
3q q + 8
3q
.
=

=
=
2
2
q +8 q +8 q +8
q + 16q + 64 (q + 8)
a 2 + 2a + 1

114

x
3y2

3n 6 + 2n 4

; )

x(x y )
x 1
=
= ;
xy (x y ) xy y

2nd 4 4 pd 4
3

( )= 1
5n (3n + 2 ) 5n
n 4 3n 2 + 2
6

q4 ( p c)
q 3 (c p )

q4
q3

= q ;

 686
5 2m

5 2m

5 2m

1
;
5 2m

(2m 5) (5 2m)
4n 4n + 1 (2n 1)2 (1 2n )2 1 2n
;
)
=
=
=
2 4n
2(1 2n ) 2(1 2n )
2
x y
3 x 2 6 xy + 3 y 2
3(x y )2
1 x y x y
)
;

=
=
=
6(x y )(x + y ) 2 x + y x y 2(x + y )
6x2 6 y 2
(4c 1)(4c + 1) = 4c + 1 .
16c 2 1
)
=
2
4c 1
16c 8c + 1
(4c 1)2
2

4m 20 + 25

687

15a 4b 2 15a 2
45a 4b 45a 3
2

2 2

48ab 24a b

45a 3 (ab + 1)

36a 3b 2c 36a 3b 3

45a 3 (ab + 1)
4b(2 a )

17 a (b + ac )
3

36a 3b 2 (c b )

4b

51a 2 b 2 a 2c 2

4b

) = 3a(a 2)(a + 2) = 3a(a + 2) ;

24ab 2 (2 a )

51a 2b 2 51a 4c 2
48ab5 48ab3c 2

18a 2b a 2 4

17 a b + 17 a c

) = 15a (ab 1)(ab + 1) = 3a(a + 2) ;

15a 2 a 2b 2 1

18a 4b 72a 2b

48ab3 b 2 c 2

) = 3(b ac) ;

3a 2 (c b )
3a 2
.
=
4b(b c )(b + c ) 4b(b + c )

688

(d + 2)2 = d + 2 ) 6 pq 18 p = 6 p(q 3) = 6 p ;
7d
7 d 2 + 14d 7 d (d + 2 )
(q 3)2
(q 3)2 q 3
m 2 + 6mn + 9n 2
(m + 3n )2 = m + 3n ;
=
2
4m(m + 3n )
4m
4m + 12mn
2
2
(2n 1) = 2n 1 .
4n 4n + 1
=
2
(2n 1)(2n + 1) 2n + 1
4n 1

) ;
)
)

(d + 2)2

689

)
)

1 c2
1 c3

(1 c )(1 + c ) = 1 + c ;
(1 c )(1 + c + c 2 ) 1 + c + c 2

3 + 3n + 3n 2
3

n 1

3 n2 + n + 1

(n 1)(n

+ n +1

3
;
n 1
115

)
)

(b 2)(b + 2) = b + 2 ;
(b 2)(b 2 + 2b + 4) b 2 + 2b + 4
16 z 2 9
(4 z 3)(4 z + 3) = 4 z + 3
=
27 64 z 3 (3 4 z )(9 + 12 z + 16 z 2 )
9 + 12 z + 16 z 2
b2 4
b3 8

690

( ) = 3( p 3)( p + 3) = 3( p + 3) ;
p + 3p + 9
27q p q q(3 q )(9 + 3 p + p ) (3 p )( p + 3 p + 9)
8mn 2m 2m(4n 1)
2(2n 1)(2n + 1)
2(2n 1)
)
;
=
=
=
8mn + mn mn(8n + 1) n(2n + 1)(4n 2n + 1) n(4n 2n + 1)

)
)

3 pq 2 27q
3

x6 y 6
3

3q p 2 9

x +y

y 6 + y3
y 1

x3 + y 3
y 3 ( y 3 + 1)

( x3 y 3 )( x3 + y 3 )

( y 1)( y + 1)

= x3 y 3 ;

y3
3

y 1

691

a 2 2a a (a 2 )
a 108
=
= =
= 36 ;
6 3a
3(2 a )
3
3
3b + 9
3(b + 3)
3
3
=
=
=
= 30;
) 2
b 9 (b 3)(b + 3) b 3 0,1

c 2 4 (c 2 )(c + 2 ) c 2 24
=
=
=
= 8;
6 + 3c
3(2 + c )
3
3

)
)

x2 9
2

3x + x

(x 3)(x + 3) = x 3 = 0.
x 2 (3 + x )
x2

692

)
)
)

x 2 + 12 x + 36 ( x + 6 )2
= x + 6 = 108;
=
x+6
x+6
y 2 14 y + 49 ( y 7 )2
= y 7 = 11;
=
y7
y7
z 2 8 z + 16
z 2 16

t 2 100
2

t + 20t + 100

116

(z 4)2 = 20 = 5 = 1 2 ;
(z 4)(z + 4) 12 3 3

( t 10 )( t + 10 ) = t 10 = 18 = 9.
t + 10
2
( t + 10 )2

 693

)
)
)
)

40 x 2 5 xy

5 x(8 x y )
5x
10
=
=
= 1;
y( y 8 x )
y
10

y 2 8 xy

21a 2 12ab
20b 2 35ab
15c 2 10cd
2

8d 12cd
25 z 2 20 zt
16t 2 20 zt

3a (7 a 4b )
3a
30
= 2;
=
=
5b(4b 7 a )
5b
15

5c(3c 2d )
2c 30 5
=
=
= = 1,25;
4d (2d 3c )
4d 24 4

5 z (5 z 4t )
5z
15
=
= = 1,875.
4t (4t 5 z )
4t
8

694

)
)

)
)

a3 + 27

a 3a + 9

b 2 + 2b + 4
3

b 8

(a + 3)( a 2 3a + 9)

a 2 3a + 9

b 2 + 2b + 4
(b 2)(b 2 + 2b + 4)

c3 + 64

3c 12c + 48
d 2 5d + 25
3

2d + 250

= a + 3 = 18;
=

1
=
b2

(c + 2)(c 2 4c + 16)
3(c 2 4c + 16)

3
= ;
5
2

c+2 7
1
= =2 ;
3
3
3

d 2 5d + 25

1
3

2 ( d + 5 ) (d 5d + 25)
2

1
1
= 1.
=
2 ( d + 5 ) 2 ( 4,5 + 5 )

695

)
)

270a10b8c 7
4 12

810a b

a 6c 6

140m 25n101r 64
14 102 61

42m n

3b
=

10m11r 3
101

3n

132 x5 y10 z11

6 5 22

144 x y z

540 p12 q 43t 54

2 54 55

36 p q t

11y 5
12 xz11

15 p10

q11t

;
.

696

)
)
)
)

32a 4b5c 2a 4b3c3

3 4 3

3 5 2

a b c 4a b c

x n y 2 n +1 + x n +1 y 2 n
x

2n + 2 n

2n n + 2

y x y

6a 2b 4c 4 9a 2b3c5
54abc7 24ab3c5

2a 4b3c(16b 2 c 2 )

=
=

a 3b 4 (c 4b)
x n y 2 n ( y + x)
2n n

x y (x y )

3a 2b3c 4 (2b 3c)

6abc5 (9c 2 4b 2 )

2 x n + 2 y n 1 + 3 x n +1 y n
9 x n 1 y n + 3 4 x n +1 y n +1

2ac(4b + c)
;
b

yn
n

x ( x y)
=

b2a
;
2c(3c + 2b)

x n +1 y n 1 (2 x + 3 y )
x n 1 y n +1 (9 y 2 4 x 2 )

x2
y 2 (3 y 2 x)

.
117

 697
32a4b 80a3b2 + 50a2b3

2 2

20ab 16a b

4ab (5b 4a)

18a 3b 2 + 36ab 4
2 2

4 3

96a b + 96a b + 24a b

3b

2a2b(16a2 40ab + 25b2 )

4a(a 2 + 2b 2 )

a(5b 4a)2 a(5b 4a)

;
=
2b(5b 4a)
2b

18ab 2 (a 2 + 2b 2 )
2

2 2

24a b(4b + 4a b + a )

3b(a 2 + 2b 2 )
4a (a 2 + 2b 2 ) 2

18a 4b 2 30a3b3

2 5

3 4

6a3b 2 (3a 5b)

4 3

75a b 90a b + 27 a b

2 3

3a b (25b 30ab + 9a )

2a (3a 5b)

b(3a 5b) 2

2a
;
b(3a 5b)

30a5b + 15a3b3

2 8

4 6

6 4

10a b + 40a b + 40a b

3a (2a 2 + b 2 )

2b3 (2a 2 + b 2 ) 2

15a3b(2a 2 + b 2 )
2 4

10a b (b 4 + 4a 2b 2 + 2a 4 )

3a
2b3 (2a 2 + b 2 )

698
4a3bc3 4a 2b 2c 2 + ab3c

)
=

26a3c 13a 2b

)
=

)
=

abc(4a 2c 2 4abc + b 2 )
13a 2 (2ac b)

bc(2ac b) 2
=
13a(2ac b)

bc(2ac b)
;
13a

)
=

16 x 2 y 6 z 4 + 8 x 4 y 3 z 4
2 x5 y 4 z + 8 x3 y 7 z + 8 xy10 z
4 xz 3 (2 y 3 + x 2 )

y( x 2 + 2 y3 )2

y( x 2 + 2 y3 )

3 3

2 5

27 x yz 18 x y z + 3 x y z
4

xz (3x y 2 )

2 xy 4 z ( x 4 + 4 x 2 y 3 + 4 y 6 )

4 xz 3

36 x 2 y 12 xy 3
4

8 x 2 y 3 z 4 (2 y 3 + x 2 )

;
12 yx(3 x y 2 )
2

3x yz (9 x 6 xy + y )

4(3 x y 2 )

xz (3 x y 2 )2

6a 4b 4c11 + 24a 4b 4c7 d 4 + 24a 4b 4c3d 8

5 3 5 4

5 3 9

6a b c d + 3a b c
2b(c 4 + 2d 4 ) 2

ac 2 (c 4 + 2d 4 )

118

2b(c 4 + 2d 4 )

ac 2

6a 4b 4c3 (c8 + 4c 4 d 4 + 4d 8 )
3a5b3c5 (2d 4 + c 4 )

 699

)
=

)
=

18 x5 72 x3 y 2
3 2

2 3

12 x y 48 x y + 48 xy
3 x 2 ( x 2 y )( x + 2 y )

2 y 2 ( x 2 y)2
5 2 3

3x 2 ( x + 2 y )
2 y 2 ( x 2 y)
=

16a b c 36ab c
2a(3c 2a 2 ) 2
2

bc (2a 3c)(2a + 3c)

8a 2bc(9c 2 12a 2 + 4a 4 )
4ab 2c3 (4a 4 9c 2 )

225a 5b 100a 3b3

15ab3 (9a 2 + 12ab + 4b 2 )

25a3b(9a 2 4b 2 )

3b 2 (3a + 2b)
5a 2 (3a 2b)

150 x5 y 2 z 24 x3 y 6 z
5 2

2 3 2

40 xy z 200 x y z + 250 x yz
3 x 2 y (5 x 2 y 2 )(5 x + 2 y 2 )

5 z (2 y 2 5 x)2

bc 2 (2a 2 + 3c)

135a3b3 + 180a 2b 4 + 60ab5

2a (2a 2 3c)

12 xy 2 ( x 2 4 yx + 4 y 2 )

2 5

5a 2 (3a 2b)(3a + 2b)

18 x3 ( x 2 4 y 2 )

72a 2bc3 96a 4bc 2 + 32a 6bc

3b 2 (3a + 2b)2

6 x3 y 2 z (25 x 2 4 y 4 )
10 xyz 2 (4 y 4 20 xy + 25 x 2 )

3 x 2 y (5 x + 2 y 2 )
5 z (5 x 2 y 2 )

700

)
=

)
=

)
)
=

x 3n x n y 2 n
3x

3n

2n n

n 3n

+ 6 x y + 3x y

( x n y n )( x n + y n )
3 y n ( x n + y n )2

x n ( x 2n y 2n )
n n

3x y ( x 2n + 2 xn y n + y 2n )

xn y n
3 yn ( xn + yn )

a3n 1b n +1 4a n 1b n +1

4a nb n 1 4a 2 nb n 1 + a3nb n 1

b 2 ( a n 2)(a n + 2)
n

a (a 2)

b 2 ( a n + 2)
a (a n 2)

2an+1 4a2n+1 + 2a3n+1

3n

4a

4a

;
a n 1b n +1 (a 2 n 4)

a nb n 1 (4 4a n + a 2 n )

4a (a

2n

1)

54 xy 3n z n 72 x n +1 y 2 n z n + 24 x 2 n +1 y n z n
12 x 2 n + 2 y n 1z n +1 27 x 2 y 3n 1z n +1
n

3 xz (2 x 3 y )(2 x + 3 y )

2an+1(1 2an + a2n )

4 y (3 y n 2 x n )2

a (a n 1) 2
n

2( a 1)(a + 1)

a (a n 1)
2( a n + 1)

4 xy n z n (9 y 2 n 18 x n y n + 4 x 2 n )

4 y (2 x n 3 x n )
3 xz (2 x n + 3 y n )

3x 2 y n 1z n +1 (4 x 2 n 9 y 2 n )

.
119

 701

a 2 ab bc c 2

( a c )( a + c ) b ( a + c ) =
2
b2 ( a c )

b 2 a 2 + 2ac c 2

( a c b )( a + c ) = a + c ;
( b a + c )( b + a c ) c a b
x 1
2 xy 3 + 3 x 2 y 2 y ( x 1) + 3 ( x 1) ( x 1)( 2 y + 3)
;
)
=
=
=
2
2
y+3
2
9 + 12 y + 4 y 2
( 2 y + 3)
( 2 y + 3)
=

ax 2 2 x 2 ay 2 + 2 y 2 x 2 (a 2) y 2 (a 2) ( x 2 y 2 )(a 2)
=
=
=
ax + ay 2 x 2 y
a ( x + y ) 2( x + y )
( x + y )(a 2)

( x y )( x + y )
= x y;
x+ y

3xy 2 x 3 y + 2

x2 2x + 1

3 y ( x 1) 2( x 1)

( x 1) 2

( x 1)(3 y 2)

( x 1) 2

3y 2
.
x 1

702

)
)
)
)

x 2 yz + xz y 2
2

x + yz xz y

( x y )( x + y ) + z ( x y ) ( x y )( x + y + z ) x + y + z
;
=
=
x+ yz
( x y )( x + y ) z ( x y ) ( x y )( x + y z )

x2 y 2

3x 2 x 2 + 3 y 2 xy

a 2 + 2ac + c 2
2

a + ac ax cx

( x y )( x + y )
( x y )( x + y )
x y
=
=
;
3( x + y ) 2 x( x + y ) ( x + y )(3 2 x) 3 2 x

(a + c)2
(a + c) 2
a+c
=
=
;
a (a + c) x(a + c) (a + c)(a x) a x

12 z 2 9rz + 4nz 3rn

20 z + 3rn 12rz 4nz

(4 z 3r )(3 z + n) 3 z + n
=
=
.
(4 z 3r )(5 z n) 5 z n

4 z (3 z + n) 3r (3 z + n)
=
4 z (5 z n) 3r (5 z n)

703

)
)

275 + 27 4
8

16 16

9 +9 +9
7

10

27 4 (27 + 1)

11

10

15

14

13

8 8 8
4 4 4

923 + 922 + 921

120

14

27

13

27

9 (9 + 1 + 81)

8 8 +8

)
)

16 (16 1)
8

8 (8 8 + 1)
=
=

13

94 34 28

9 91
412 15

4 (4 4 1)
921 (92 + 9 + 1)
27 (27 1)

4 2 57

8 (8 8 1)

13

=
=

28
4
4
;
=
=
9 91 9 13 117

15 5
;
=
57 19

49 29 55
413 11
342 91
339 26

2 55
= 10 ;
11

27 91
= 94,5.
26

 704

) =
)
)
)

473 + 333
2

47 47 33 + 33
233 113
232 + 23 11 + 112
273 133

27 2 + 27 13 + 132
873 + 433
2

87 87 43 + 43

=
=
=

(47 + 33)(47 2 47 33 + 332 )

47 2 47 33 + 332

(23 11)(232 + 23 11 + 112 )

232 + 23 11 + 112

= 47 + 33= 80;

= 23 11=12;

(27 13)(27 2 + 27 13 + 132 )

17 2 + 27 13 + 132
(87 + 43)(87 2 87 43 + 432 )
87 2 87 43 + 432

= 27 13=14;
= 87 + 43=130.

705

)
)
)
)

482 2 48 18 + 182
482 182
852 17 2
2

85 2 85 17 + 17 2
732 2 73 23 + 232
2

26 24

482 122
2

89 + 2 89 31 + 31

=
=

(48 18) 2
48 18 30 5
=
=
= ;
(48 18)(48 + 18) 48 + 18 66 11
(85 17)(85 + 17)
(85 17) 2

85 + 17 102 3
=
= = 1,5;
85 17 68 2

(73 23) 2
502
50
=
=
= 25;
(26 24)(26 + 24) 2 50 2

=
=

(48 12)(48 + 12)

(89 + 31)

36 60
120

18
3
=
= 0,15.
120 20

706

a + b + a2 b2
2

a b + a 2ab + b

(a + b)(a b + 1) a + b 3 + 5
=
=
= 4;
(a b)(a b + 1) a b 3 5

c d + c2 d 2

(c d )(c + d + 1) c + d + 1 8 + (2) + 1 7
= ;
=
=
=
c d + c 2 2cd + d 2 (c d )(c d + 1) c d + 1 8 (2) + 1 11
m n + mx nx (m n)( x + 1) x + 1 3 4 9
)
=
=
= : = = 1,125;
m n + my ny ( m n)( y + 1) y + 1 2 3 8

pz + qz + p + q ( z + 1)( p + q ) z + 1 25 + 1 26
=
=
=
=
= 2.
pt + qt + p + q (t + 1)( p + q) t + 1 12 + 1 13

25.
707
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
708
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
709
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .

121

 710
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
711
) ;
) 0;
) ;
) 1. ,
2. .
712
) x y = y + x = (y x);
) (m n)2 = m2 2mn + n2 = n2 2mn + m2 = (n m)2;
) 2a 3b = 3b + 2a = (3b 2a);
) (3c 4d)2 = 9c2 24cd + 16d2 = 16d2 24cd + 9c2 = (4d 3c)2.
713
) 10a((5a+20))=10a(5(a+4)) = 10a + 5(a + 4)=5(2a+a+4) = 5(3a + 4);
) ( 7x) (6 + 5x) = 7x 6 5x = 2x 6 = 2(x 3);
) 12y(25(6y11)) = 12y (25 6y + 11)= 12y36 + 6y=18y36=18(y2);
) 36 ( (9c 15)) = 36 ( 9c + 15) = 36 + 9c 15 = 21 + 9c = 3(3c + 7).
714
) a2+7a+10=a2+5a+2a+10=a(a+5)+2(a+5) = (a + 5)(a + 2) = (a + 2)(a + 5);
) x2 9x + 20 = x2 4x 5x + 20 = x(x 4) 5(x 4) = (x 4)(x 5);
) (b 8)(b + 3) = b(b + 3) 8(b + 3) = b2 + 3b 8b + 24 = b2 5b + 24;
) (c 4)(c + 7) = c(c + 7) 4(c + 7) = c2 + 7c 4c 28 = c2 + 3c 28.
715
) (a 4)(a + 2) + 4 = a2 4a + 2a 8 + 4 = a2 2a 4 = a2 2a 3 1=
= a2 + a 3a 3 1 = a(a + 1) 3(a + 1) 1 = (a 3)(a + 1) 1;
) 16(x+3)(x+2) = 4 + 12 x2 5x 6 = 4 x2 5x + 6 = 4 (x2 + 5x 6) =
= 4(x2x+6x6)=4(x(x1)+6(x1)) = 4 (x 1)(x + 6) = 4 (6 + x)(x 1);
) (y 3)(y + 7) 13 = y2 3y + 7y 21 11 2 = (y2 + 4y 32) 2 =
= (y2 + 8y 4y 32) 2 = y(y + 8) 4(y + 8) 2 = (y + 8)(y 4) 2;
) (z11)(z+10)+10=z2z 110 + 10 = (z2 z 20) 80 = z25z+4z2080 =
= z(z 5) + 4(z 5) 80 = (z 5)(z + 4) 80.
716
) (a + b)2 + (a b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 + a2 2ab + b2 = 2(a2 + b2);
) (a + b)2 (a b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 a2 + 2ab b2 = 4ab;
) a2 + b2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab 2ab = (a + b)2 2ab;
) (a + b)2 2b(a + b) = a2 + 2ab + b2 2ba 2b2 = a2 b2.

122

 717
2x1+3x+15x=5x5x=5x3x2x=5x 3x 1 2x + 1=5x(3x+1) (2x 1).
718
x4 4 x2

x 2x

( x 2 2 x)( x 2 + 2 x)
( x 2 2 x)

= x2 + 2x, ,

x2 2x , . ., x 0 x 2;
)

3x5 24 x 2

6 x5 12 x 4

3x5 24 x 2
6 x5 12 x 4

x3 + 2 x + 4
2 x2

3 x 2 ( x3 8)
6 x 4 ( x 2)

;
x 2 ( x 2)( x 2 + 2 x + 4)
2 x 4 ( x 2)

x3 + 2 x + 4
2 x2

,
6x5 12x4 , . ., x 0 x 2;
)

2a3 12a 2 + 18a

4

4a 36a

2a(a2 6a + 90
2

4a (a 9)

(a 3)2
2

2a (a 3)(a + 3)

a3
a3
=
;
2a (a + 3) 2a 2 + 6a

, 4a4 36a2
, . ., a 0, a 3.
a = 3
(a + 3).
)

a 6b 2 27 a3b 2
3 3

2 3

2a b 6a b
6 2

a b 27 a3b 2
3 3

2 3

2a b 6a b

a3 + 3a 2 + 9a
;
2b

a3b 2 ( a3 27)
2 3

2a b ( a 3)

a (a 2 + 3a + 9)
,
2b

,
2a3b3 6a2b3 , . ., a 0, b 0, a 3.
719
) (x +y)(x y) + (y + a)(y a) = x2 y2 + y2 a2 = x2 a2;
) (ab)(a+b)(a c)(a + c) (c b)(c + b) = a2 b2 a2 + c2 c2 + b2 = 0;
) (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + ax + bx + ab = x2 + (a + b)x + ab;
) (m a)(m b) = m2 am bm + ab = m2 x (a + b)m + ab.
720
) a + b = 9, (a + 1)(b + 1) (a 1)(b 1) = 18;
(a+1)(b+1) (a 1)(b 1) = ab + b + a + 1 ab + b + a 1 = 2(a + b) = 18.
721
(b + c 2a)(c b) + (c + a 2b)(a c) (a + b 2c)(a b) =
= (c + b)(c b) 2a(c b) + (a + c)(a c) 2b(a c) (a + b)(a b) +
+ 2c(a b) = c2 b2 2ac + 2ab + a2 c2 2ab + 2bc a2 +
+ b2 + 2ac 2bc = 2ac + 2ab 2ab + 2bc + 2ac 2bc = 0.

123

 722
) (2ab)(2a+b)+(bc)(b+c)+(c2a)(c+2a)=4a2 b2 + b2 c2 + c2 4a2 = 0;
) (3x + y)2 (3x y)2 = (3x + y 3x + y)(3x + y + 3x y) = 2y 6x = 12xy =
= 9x2y2 + 6xy + 1 9x2y2 + 6xy 1 = (3xy + 1)2 (3xy 1)2;
) (x3y)(x+3y)+(3yc)(3y+c)+(cx)(c + x) = x2 9y2 + 9y2 c2 + c2 x2 = 0;
) (a b)(a + b)((a b)2 + (a + b)2) = (a2 b2)(2a2 + 2b2) = 2(a4 b4).
723
) (a1)34(a1)=(a1)((a1)24)=(a 1)(a 1 2) = (a 1)(a 3)(a + 1);
) (x2 + 1)2 4x2 = (x2 2x + 1)(x2 + 2x + 1) = (x 1)2(x + 1)2;
) (a + 1)2 (a + 1) = (a + 1)(a + 1 1) = a(a + 1);
) 4b2c2 (b2 + c2 a2)2 = (2bc b2 c2 + a2)(2bc + b2 + c2 a2) =
= (a2 (b c)2)((b + c)2 a2)=(a b + c)(a + b c)(b + c a)(a + b + c).

6.
26.
724

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

N O
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
R

3 4

1 2

1 2

3 4

2 3

3 4

124

F
4

7 8

725
) 2; 4; 8,5; 2; ) 6,5; 5; 2,5; 7,5; ) 7; 1,5; 13; 6; ) 9,5; 3,5; 2,5; 1,5.
726
) 8; ) 4; ) 4; ) 1.

K
1

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1 2

 727
a) C > D;
)

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
728
) X < Y;
)

2 3

7 8

7 8

7 8

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
729
) B < A < C;
)

2 3

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

C
1

2 3

730
)

3; > 3;
)

-5

5; < 5;
)
-2

2; > 2;
)

0; < 0.
731
)

1; > 1;
125

-2

4; < 4;
)
2; < 2;
)

-1

14 > 1.
732
)

3 5; 3 < < 5;
)

-5

5 1; 5 1;
)

4 6;
4 6;
)

0 1;
0 < < 1.
733
)

6 8.
( 8 );
6 < 8;
)

-2

2 4;
2 < 4;
126

-3

3 1;
( 1 ) 3 < 1;
)
5
7

5 7; 5 < 7.
734
) 5; (5, +), x > 5;
) 7; (, 7), < 7;
) 3; (3, +), x > 3;
) 4. (, 4), x < 4.
735
) 2; [2, +), 2;
) 1; (, 1], 1;
) 8; [8, +), 8;
) 4. (, 4], 4.
736
) 3 5; (3, 5), 3 < y < 5;
) 3 5; [3, 5], 3 y 5;
) 1 0; (1, 0), 1 < y < 0;
) 9 10; [9, 10], 9 y 10.
737
) 0 1;
( 1 ) [0, 1), 0 < p 1;
) 7 6;
(7, 6], 7 < p 6;
) 1 1;
( 1 ) [1, 1), 1 < p 1;
) 3 5;
(3, 5], 3 < p 5.
738
) (5, +);

> 5;

) [1, +);

1;
127

) (1, 3);
1

1 < < 3;
) [6, 10);
6

10

6 < 10.
739
) [2, 0];

5 1;
) (, 7);

< 7;
) [4, 9);

4 < 9;
) (, 12];

12

12.
740
) 3;
(3, +);

) 3;
[3, + );

128

) 3;
(, 3);

) 3;
( , 3].

741
) 2 4;
(2, 4);

) 3 5;
( 5 ); [3, 5);

) 0 7;
[0, 7];

) 5 8;
(5, 8].

742
) 2;
[2, + );

) 2 5;
(2, 5);

129

) 0;
(, 0);

) 4 8;
( 5 ); [4, 8).

743
) 1 3;
[1, 3];

) 6 7;
(6, 7];

) 1;
( , 1];

) 6 2;
(6, 2).

744
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
745
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
746
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
747
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
748
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
749
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
750
) 4; 3,5; 3; ) 1; ) 10; ) 4; 3,5; 3.
130

 751
) 5. ) 5; 7; 9; 12. ) 0; 5; 7; 8; 2; 9; 12. ) 7; 9.
752
) 5,5; 4,5; 3,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5;
) 2,2; 2,1; 1,2; 1,1; 1,2; 1; 3;

) 5,4; 4,4; 3,4; 1,4; 2,4; 3,4;

) 9,1; 9,2; 9,3; 2,1; 2,2; 2,3.

753
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
754
) 3; ) 1; ) 6; ) 9.
755
) 1; ) 0; ) 0; ) 4.
756
) 11; ) ; ) 7; ) 8,2.
757
) 5; ) 1; ) 10; ) 6.
758
. : 4,99; 4,999.
759
) , (, 4];
) , (5, 6).
760
73
= 2, a = 7 r = 7 2 = 5;
2
4 ( 4)
) r =
= 4, a = 4 r = 4 4 = 0;
2
10 2
) r =
= 4, a = 10 r = 10 4 = 6;
2
6
1 ( 7)
) r =
=
= 3, a = 1 r = 1 3 = 4.
2
2

) r =

761
52
3
=
= 1,5, a = 5 1,5 = 3,5;
2
2
2,02 1,98
0,04
) r =
=
= 0,02, a = 2,02 0,02 = 2;
2
2
2 (11)
9
=
= 4,5, a = 11 + (4,5) = 6,5;
) r =
2
2

) r =

131

2
1
15 1 14
15 13
:2= ,a=
= = 2.
) r = : 2 =
7
7
7
7 7
7 7

762

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1 2

3 4

A
5

-B

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1 2

3 4

-A
5

-B

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1 2

3 4

A
5

A,-A

-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

B
1 2

3 4

763
D.
: = 4 + 7 = 3;
D = 4 7 = 11.
764
:
1: N L M;
a)

LN = ML + MN = ML + 2ML = 3ML, ,
3ML = 10,5;
ML = 3,5; MN = 2 3,5 = 7;
) L = M + ML = 1,5 + 3,5 = 5; N = M MN = 1,5 7 = 5,5;
) L = M ML = 1,5 3,5 = 2; N = M + MN = 1,5 + 7 = 8,5.
132

 2. N L M;
a)

)
LN = MN ML = 2ML ML = ML, ML = 10,5;
MN = 2 ML = 2 10,5 = 21;
) L = M + ML = 1,5 + 10,5 = 12, N = M + MN = 1,5 + 21 = 22,5;
) L = M ML = 1,5 10,5 = 9, N = M MN = 1,5 21 = 19,5.
, .
765
:
1: P M K;
a)

PM = MK + KP = MK + 3MK = 4MK, ,
4MK = 8;
MK = 2, KP = 3 2 = 6;
) M = K + MK = 1 + 2 = 1;
P = K PK = 1 6 = 7;
) M = K MK = 1 2 = 3; P = K + KP = 1 + 6 = 5.
2. M P K;
a)

PM = PK KM = 3MK MK = 2MK;
2MK = 8, MK = 4; PK = 3 MK = 4 3 = 12;
) M = K + MK = 1 + 4 = 3;
P = K + KP = 1 + 12 = 11;
) M = K MK = 1 4 = 5;
P = K KP = 1 12 = 13.
, .

133

 27.
766
) x = 2, y = 4; ) x = 3, y =6; ) x =12, y = 4; ) x = 3, y = 0,5.
767
) M , P , N , Q ;
) X , K , Y , L ;
) A , C , B , D ;
) R , E , S , F .
768
769
) 6; ) 2; ) 8; ) 9.
) 1; ) 4; ) 2; ) 3.
770
771
) 1; ) 4; ) 2; ) 3.
) 3; ) 2; ) 3; ) 2.
772
) A(1,1), B( 2,4), C(6,6), D( 2, 2);
) M(2,5), N(4, 2), Q( 5, 3), R( 2, 5);
) X(2, 3), Y( 5,6), E(2,1), F( 5,1);
) S(7,2), K( 5, 1), P( 2, 2), S(7,2).
773
) A(2,0), S(0,2), K( 1,0);
) D(0, 2), N(0,4), B(3,0);
) P( 5,0), Q(0, 6), S(0,2); ) R(7,0), M(0, 4), L( 3,0).
774
) A1(4, 5), A2(4, 2), A3(4, 1), A4(4, 4);
) B1(2, 5), B2(2, 1), B3(2, 0), B4(2, 3);
) C1(2, 5), C2(2, 3), C3(2, 0), C4(2, 3);
) D1(4, 7), D2(4, 4), D3(4, 1), D4(4, 4).
775
) N1(3, 5), N2(0, 5), N3(3, 5), N4(7, 5);
) M1(4, 2), M2(4, 2), N3(2, 2), N4(6, 2);
) K1(3, 0), K2(1, 0), K3(3, 0), K4(5, 0);
) L1(5, 4), L2(2, 4), L3(2, 4), L4(6, 4).
776
) x = 3;
) y = 3;
Y

1
0

134

) y = 1;

) x = 8.

777
) x = 2;

) x = 4;

1
0
) y = 5;

1
1

) x = 1.

1
0

1
0

778
) x = 0,5;

) y = 1,5;
Y

1
0

1
1

135

) y = 3,5;

) x = 6,5.
Y

1
0

779
) ; ) .
780
) = 5;
) = 9;

) = 7;
) = 1.

781
) y = 3;
) y = 8;

) y = 12;
) y = 4.

782
D()

Y
A(a)

2
0

()

D()

783
Y

L
2
0
R

136

X
S

 784
Y

1 P
0

785

)
Y
A
B
2
0

)
Y

C
2
0

137

)
Y

1
0

N
1

)
Y

1
0

786

)
Y
L

K
1
0

138

)
Y
E
1
0

X
M

)
Y

1
0

)
Y

2
0

139

 787

)
Y
C
B
2
0

X
A

)
Y
K

2
0

M
1

)
Y
P
1
0

140

)
Y
S
2
0

1
L

788

)
Y

Y
F

F
1

1
0

X
G

)
F

1
E

X
E

1
1

789
) ( 1, 4); (3, 4); (3, 4); (5, 4); ) (1, 8); (3, 0); (3, 8); (5, 0);
) (2, 0); (4, 0); (0, 4); (0, 4);
) (4, 4); (6, 4); (0, 4); (2, 4).

141

 790
Y
B

C
2

D
X
1

: (4, 0); (2, 0); (2, 2); (4, 2)

791
) x2 = 4; x2 4 = 0; (x 2)(x + 2) = 0; x = 2 x = 2, ,
x2 = 4 x = 2 = 2;
) y2 = 4; y2 4 = 0; (y 2)(y + 2) = 0; y = 2 y = 2,
y2 = 4 y = 2 y = 2;
) x2 5x = 0; x(x 5) = 0; x = 0 x = 5,
x2 5x = 0 x = 0 = 5;
) y2 + 2y = 0; y(y + 2) = 0; y = 0 y = 2,
y2 + 2y = 0 y = 0 y = 2.
792
) (0, 0); (0, 6); (2, 6); (0, 11); (2, 11); (2, 0);
) (0, 2); (2, 2); (2, 4); (1, 5); (3, 5); (4, 4); (4, 1); (3, 0); (4, 1); (4, 4);
(3, 5); (1, 5); (2, 4); (2, 2); (0, 2);
(0, 3); (2, 3); (2, 1); (1, 0); (2, 1); (2, 3); (0, 3);
) (4, 0); (4, 6); (2, 6); (2, 4); (2, 4); (2, 2); (1, 2); (2, 1);
(2, 4); (1, 5); (3, 5); (4, 4); (4, 2); (2, 2); (2, 3); (0, 3); (0, 0);
) (1, 1); (1, 3); (1, 3); (1, 1); (1, 1); (1, 1); (1, 4);
(1, 4); (2, 0); (3, 1); (3, 4); (2, 5); (2, 5); (3, 4); (3, 1); (2, 0); (3, 1);
(3, 5); (2, 6); (2, 6); (3, 5); (3, 1).
793

Y
C

1
0

K
1

T
E

L(3, 0); K(3, 0).

142

 794
A(3, 1); B(3, 4), a = 1 (4) = 5.
ABCD :
1) D AB, (3 + 5, 4), , C(8, 4);
D(3 + 5, 1), , D(8, 1).
2) D AB, (3 5, 4), , C(2, 4);
D(3 5, 1), , D(2, 1).
, .
.
795
B(2, 2); D(2, 2) B(2, 2); D(2, 2).
, B D ,
.
796
, ,
.
, ,
, B(2, 3 6), .. (2, 3);
(2 + 6, 3); (4, 3); D(2 + 6, 3); D(4, 3).
797
(4, 4); (4, 4); (4, 4); (4, 4).
798

)
Y

1
0

1
0

143

 799

)
Y

1
0

1
X

800

)
Y

2
0

144

)
Y

1
0

145

 801

)
Y

1
0

)
Y

1
0

146

 802
) xy + 2 2y x = 0; y(x 2) + 2 x = 0;
(y 2)(x 2) = 0; y = 2 x = 2;
Y

1
0

) xy2 = 4x; xy2 4x = 0; x(y2 4) = 0; x(y 2)(y + 2) = 0;

x = 0 y = 2 y = 2;
Y

1
0

) yx2 + 9y; y(x2 + 9); y = 0;

Y

1
0

) 4 + xy + 2(x + y) = 0; 4 + x(y + 2) + 2y = 0;
2(y + 2) + x(y + 2) = 0; (x + 2)(y + 2) = 0; x = 2 y = 2.
Y

1
0

147

 28.

803
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
804
)
, ;
)
, ;
)
, ;
)
, .

805
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
806
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
807
) (6; 2); (0; 20); (4; 8); ) (2, 0); (2,5; 2,5).
808
2

) 0; ; (3; 1);
5

) (8, 12); ) (2, 1); (5, 20); ) (18, 4); (9, 1).

809
) , y .
10 , .
) x . y
, 3 , .
) . y
, 8 , .
) x y . 12 , .
810
M: 5 + 14 7 = 0 ,
x + 2y 7 = 0;
N: 0 + 7 7 = 0 , N
x + 2y 7 = 0;
K: 7 + 0 7 = 0 , K x + 2y 7 = 0;
L: 2 + 6 7 = 0 , L x + 2y 7 = 0.
148

 811
3
4
3 4
2 +5 8=88=0 , , 2 ,5
7
7
7 7
x + y 8 = 0; x + y 8 = 0; y = 8 x.
: (1, 7); (2, 6); (3, 5).
812
) x + y 5 = 0, y = 5 x;
) x y = 0, y = x;
7+
.
) 2x + y 7 = 0, y = 7 2x; ) x + 3y + 7 = 0, y =
3
813
) 3x + 2y 6 = 0;
2y 6 = 0; y = 3.
: 3.
7y = 14;
y = 2.
: 2.
) 5x 7y 14 = 0;
: 3.
) 15x 25y 75 = 0; 25y = 75; y = 3.
) 81x 15y 225 = 0; 15y = 225; y = 15. : 15.
814

1
1
. :
2
2
) 11x + 13y 16 = 0; 55 + 13y 16 = 0; 13y = 39. y = 3. : 3
) 19x 11y 24 = 0; 57 11y 24 = 0; 11y = 33; y = 3. : 3.
24 + 2y + 30 = 0; 2y = 6; y = 3. : 3.
) 3x + 2y + 30 = 0;
815
) 6x + 2y 1 = 0; 0,6 + 2y 1 = 0; 2y = 1,6; y = 0,8. : 0,8.
) 7x y 4 = 0; 15 y 4 = 0; y = 19. : 19.
) 3x + 5y 10 = 0; 1,5 + 5y 10 = 0; 5y = 8,5; y = 1,7. : 1,7.
71
) 9x 2y 3 = 0; 74 2y 3 = 0; 2y = 71; y =
. : 30,5.
2
816
) 6x + 12y 42 = 0; 6x 42 = 0; x = 7. : 7.
) 17x 5y + 85 = 0; 17x + 85 = 0; x = 5. : 5.
) 8x 35y = 96; 8x = 96; x = 12. : 12.
) 16x + 54y = 64; 16x = 64; x = 4. : 4.
817
) 4x + 7y 12 = 0; 4x 28 12 = 0; 4x = 40; x = 10. : 10.
) 23x 9y + 5 = 0; 23x + 18 + 5 = 0; 23x = 23; x = 1. : 1.
) 5x 3y 11 = 0; 5x 9 11 = 0; 5x = 20; x = 4. : 4.
) 2x + 4y + 9 = 0. 2x + 13 = 0; 2x = 13; x = 6,5. : 6,5
818
8
1
) 6x + 3y 2 = 0; 6x + 10 2 = 0; 6x = 8; x = . : 1 .
6
3
) 3,5x 5y 1 = 0; 3,5x 2,5 1 = 0; 3,5x = 3,5; x = 1. : 1.
149
) 8x + 6y 11 = 0;

8 + 6y 11 = 0;

6y = 3;

y=

7
. : 3,5.
2
19
3
) 8x + 5y 3 = 0; 8x + 22 3 = 0; 8x = 19; x = . : 2 .
8
8
) 4x 2y + 11 = 0; 4x + 3 + 11 = 0; 4x = 14; x =

819
) 21 3y 12 = 0; 3y = 9; y = 3. : 3.
) 11x + 42 31 = 0; 11x = 11; x = 1. : 1.
820
) x + y 4 = 0;
y = 4 x;

X
Y

0
4

) 2x y + 5 = 0;
y = 2x 5;

4
0

X
Y

0
5

4
x
-8

-4

-8

) x + 2y 3=0;
3
;
y=
2

1
1

1 2 3 4 5

) x y + 6 = 0;
y = 6 x.

3
0
3

0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

-4

X
Y

5
4
3
2
1

2
1

X
Y

3
3

6
0

1
x
-3

-2

-1 0
-1
-2

150

-6

-3

0
-3

 821
) 5x + 3y 15 = 0;
15 5
y=
;
3

X
Y

0
5

) 7x 4y + 28 = 0;
7 + 28
y=
;
4

3
0
5
4
3
2
1

X
Y

0
7

4
0

0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

14

7
x

x
1 2 3 4 5

-4

-2

-7
-14

) 6x + 3y + 18 = 0;

) 8x 3y 24 = 0;
8 24
.
y=
3

2x + y + 6 = 0;
y = 6 2x;

X
Y

3
0

0
6
6

X
Y

3
0

0
8

x
-6

-3

-6

-3

-3

-4

-6

-8

151

 822
) 7t + 9s + 63 = 0;
63 7t
s=
;
9

t
s

9
0

) 3t 4s 12 = 0;
3t 12
s=
;
4

0
7
14

t
s

4
0

0
3

7
t
-18

-9

18

2
0

-8

-4

-7

-3

-14

-6

) 5t 2s = 10;
10 5t
s=
;
2

t
s

t
4

) 4t + 9s + 36 = 0;
36 4t
s=
.
9

0
5
10

t
s

9
0

0
4

t
-4

-2

-18

-9

-5

-4

-10

-8

823
) 30 22 = 8 60 + 14 = 74, .. ;
) 12 + 14 = 2 4 + 10 = 6, .. .

152

18

 824
) x y = 1 2x + y = 4; y = x + 1 y = 4 2x.
y.
x + 1 = 4 2x; x = 1; y = x + 1 = 2.

: (1; 2)
6 4
y = 4 2x.
3
y.
6 4
= 4 2x; 6 4x = 12 6x; x = 3; y = 4 2 3 = 2.
3
: (3; 2).
) 4x + 3y = 6 2x + y = 4; y =

825
) 3a + 8b = 24; 3a + 8b = 24; ) 6 + 5d = 30; 6 + 5d = 30;
3a = 24 8b;
8b = 24 3a; 6c = 30 5d;
5d = 30 6c;
24 8b
24 3a
30 5d
30 6c
;
b=
; c=
;
d=
;
a=
3
8
6
5
) 12m 3n = 48; 12m 3n = 48; ) 7x 8y = 56; 7x 8y = 56;
4m n = 16;
4m n = 16;
7x = 56 + 8y;
8y = 7x 56;
16 + n
8 y + 56
7 56
;
n = 4m 16;
x=
;
y=
.
m=
4
7
8
826
) 3t 2z + 6 = 0;
3t = 2z 6;
2z 6
;
t=
3
) 11u+2v+22=0;
11u = 22 2v;
22 2v
u=
;
11

3t 2z + 6 = 0;
2z = 3t + 6;
3t + 6
z=
;
2
11u+2v+22=0;
2v=2211u;
22 11u
v=
;
2

) 7s + 9t 63 = 0;
7s = 63 9t;
63 9t
s=
;
7
) 25r4w100=0;
25r = 4w + 100;
4 w + 100
r=
;
25

7s + 9t 63 = 0;
9t = 63 7s;
63 7 s
t=
;
9
25r4w100=0;
4w = 25r 100;
25r 100
w=
.
4

827
) x + 3y 20 = 0; x = 20 3y.
,
x = y: x = 20 3x; x = 5; y = x = 5. : (5; 5).
) = 2y, 2y + 3y 20 = 0;
5y = 20; y = 4; x = 2y = 2 4 = 8. : (8; 4).
828
ax+5y40=0.
) (3;2) :
a3+5240 = 0. -, a: 3a=30; a=3. : =3.

153

) (9;1) :
a 9 + 5 (1) 40 = 0. -, a: 9a=45; a=5.
: a = 5.
1
) ;0 :
3

1
= 40; a=120.
a + 5 0 40 = 0. -, a:
3
3
: a = 120.
) (2; 2,4) :
a (2) + 5 2,4 40=0.
-, a: 2a = 28; a = 14. : a = 14.

829
) b 35 = 0; b = 35;
) 18 + 8,5y 35 = 0; 8,5b = 17; b = 2;
) 2 + 11b 35; 11b = 33; b = 3;
) 30 13b 35 = 0; 13b = 65; b = 5.
830
) 16 3 c = 0; c = 13;
) 25 13 c = 0; c = 12;
) c = 0. c = 0.
) 1 2 c = 0; c = 1;
831
) 12 2m = 0; m = 6;
1
) 2m + 2 12m = 0; 10m = 2; m = ;
5
) 12m 12m = 0; 0 = 0; m
) m + 13 12m = 0; 13m = 13; m = 1.
832
.
(5 ) .
x (5 x) = 1; x 5 + x = 1; x=3 ; 5 3 = 2 .
: 3; 2.
833
.
(7 ) .
2x + 7 x = 8; x = 1 ; 7 1 = 6 .
: 1; 6.
834
.
( 1) .
x + 3(x 1) = 9; 4x = 12; x = 3 ; 3 1 = 2 .
: 3; 2.
154

 835
.
4 .
4x x = 3; x = 1 ; 4 1 = 4 .
: 1; 4.
836
.
1,5 .
1,5x + x = 10; x = 4 ;
1,5 4 = 6 .
: 4; 6.
837
. ( + 2) .
+ + 2 = 14; 2x = 12; x = 6 ; 6 + 2 = 8 .
: 6; 8.
838
.
2 .
+ 2 = 9; x = 3 ;
2 3 = 6 .
: 3; 6.
839
.
1,3 .
1,3x x = 12; 0,3x = 12;
x = 40 .
:
1,3 + = 2,3 = 2,3 40 = 92 .
: 92.
840
.
( + 7) .
x + x + 7 = 35; 2x = 28;
x = 14 ;
14 + 7 = 21 .
: 14; 21.
841
. 4 .
x + 4x = 52,5; 5x = 52,5;
x = 10,5 ; 4 10,5 = 42 .
: 10,5; 42.

155

 842
.
100
.

87
100
13
x x = 3,9;
x = 3,9; x = 0,3 87;
87
87
100
x = 26,1 ; 26,1
= 30 .
87
: 26,1; 30.
843

100
.
124

100
224
x = 112;
x = 112;
124
124
100
x = 62 ; 62
= 50 . : 50; 62.
124
844
) p
p2 6p + 8 = 0; p2 2p 4p + 8 = 0; (p 4)(p 2) = 0; p = 4 p = 2.
: p = 2 p = 4
) p
p2 + 2p + 8 = 0; p2 2p + 4p + 8 = 0; (4 p)(p + 2) = 0; p=4 p = 2.
: p = 2 p = 4
845
) x2 y2 = 0. (x y)(x + y) = 0;
) x2 = 4y2; (x 2y)(x + 2y) = 0;

x = y x = y;
y = y = ;
2
2
y
y
8
8
x+

x
-8

156

-4

-8

-4

-4

-4

-8

-8

) y2 = 9x2; (y 3x)(y + 3x) = 0;

) 16x225y2=0; (4x5y)(5y + 4x)=0;

4
4
y = x y = x.
5
5

y = 3x y = 3x;
y

x
-6

-3

-10

-3

-4

-6

-8

846
) x2 6xy + 8y2 = 0;
x2 6xy + 9y2 y2;
(x 3y)2 y2;
(x 4y)(x 2y) = 0;
1
1
y = x y = x;
4
4
4

-5

10

) 2x2 + 5xy + 2y2 = 0;

x2 + 2,5xy + y2 = 0;
x2 + 2,5xy + 1,5625y2 0,5625y2 = 0;
(x + 1,25y)2 (0,75y)2 = 0;
1
(x + 0,5y)(x + 2y) = 0; y = 2x; y= x;
2

x
-16

-8

16

-4

-2

2
x
-2

-2

-4

-2

) x2 + xy 2y2;
x2 + xy + 0,25y2 2,25y2;
(x + 0,5y)2 (1,5y)2;
(x y)(x + 2y) = 0;
y = x;

y = ;
2

-2

157

) 3x2 10xy + 3y2;

4x2 8xy + 4y2 x2 y2 2xy = 0;
(2x 2y)2 (x + y)2 = 0;
(x 3y)(3x y) = 0;
1
y = x;
3
y = 3x.

2
1
x
-3

-2

-1 0
-1

-2
-3

29.
847
) k = 2, m = 3; ) k = 1, m = 6; ) k = 19, m = 15; ) k = 1, m = 11.
848
) k=0,7, m=9,1; ) k=5,7, m=3,5; ) k=0,7, m=9,1; ) k=1,4, m = 2,5.
849
1
4
8
1
15
3
1
) k = , m = ; ) k= , m= ; ) k = , m = ; ) k = 1, m = .
3
5
9
2
17
4
7
850
15
7
3
19
11
9
7
) k = , m = ; ) k = 2, m = ; ) k = , m = ; ) k = , m = .
12
2
4
15
5
5
5
851
3
5
1
7
12
) k = , m = ; ) k = , m = 2; ) k = , m = ; ) k = 2, m = 2.
4
4
3
5
5
852
8
8
) y = x + 3; k = , m = 3;
3
3
3
3
) y = x + 3; k = , m = 3;
4
4

5
5
x 5; k = , m = 5;
2
2
7
7
) y = x + 7; k = , m = 7.
5
5

) y =

853
) y = 12x + 17; k = 12, m = 17; ) y = 19x + 5; k = 19, m = 5;
) y = 36x + 40; k = 36, m = 40; ) y = 15x + 53; k = 15, m = 53.
854
) y = x 9; k = 1, m = 9;
) y = x + 15; k = 1, m = 15;
158

) y = 7x + 11; k = 7, m = 11;
) y = 35x 8. k = 35, m = 8.

 855
5
5
7
11
7
11
) y = x; k = , m = 0; ) y = x ; k = , m = ;
6
6
9
9
9
9
15
15
2
2
x; k = , m = 0;
) y = x + 19. k = , m = 19.
) y =
12
12
3
3
856
) y = 5 1 + 6 = 11;
) y = 12 3 + 1 = 37;

) y = 7 0 8 = 8;
) y = 9 2 7 = 11.

857
) y = 2 3 + 1 = 7;
) y = 2 (2) + 1 = 3;

) y = 2 4,5 + 1 = 10;
) y = 2 (3,8) + 1 = 6,6.

858
) y = 0,5 6 4 = 1;
) y = 0,5 (7) 4 = 7,5;

) y = 0,5 3,2 4 = 2,4;

) y = 0,5 (8,9) 4 = 8,45.

859
) 5x 3,5 = 13,5; 5x = 17; x = 3,4;

) 5x 3,5 = 0; 5x = 3,5; x = 0,7;

) 5x 3,5 = 3,5; 5x = 0; x = 0;

) 5x 3,5 = 6,5. 5x = 3; x =

3
.
5

860
) 4,3x + 2,8 = 24,3; 4,3x = 21,5; x = 5;
) 4,3x + 2,8 = 13,55; 4,3x = 10,75; x = 2,5;
) 4,3x + 2,8 = 4,52; 4,3x = 1,72; x = 0,4;
) 4,3x + 2,8 = 1,07. 4,3x = 3,87; x = 0,9.
861
) y = 5x + 6;
) y = 2x 1;

0
6

x
y

2
4

x
y

0
1

2
-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

4
7

X
2

-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

X
2

159

) y = 2x + 6;

) y = 3x 4;
0
6

x
y

2
2

0
4

x
y

Y
8

2
-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

X
2

X
-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

862
) y = x + 2;

2
4

0
3

x
y

160

2
-4

3
0

-8 -6

) y = x 3;
0
2

x
y

2
2

-2 0
-2

X
2

-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

X
2

) y = x + 5;

) y = x 1.
0
5

x
y

2
3

4
2

2
2

-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

863
) y = 4x 6;

X
y

-2 0
-2

-4

2
1

-8 -6

0
1

X
y

) y = 5x + 7;

1
2

3
6

0
7

X
y

2
3

Y
21

8
6

14

4
7

X
-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-8 -6

-4

-2 0

-7

-4
-6
-8

-14
-21

161

) y = 3x 3;

) y = 2x + 1.

0
3

X
y

2
3

0
1

X
Y

2
3

6
2
3
X
-9

-6

-3

X
-4

-2

-3
-2
-6
-9

-4

864
) y = x + 2;

) y = x 3;
0
2

X
Y

2
0

0
3

X
Y

2
5

6
2

3
X

X
-4

-2

-9

-6

-3

0
-3

-2

-6
-4

162

-9

) y = x + 1;

) y = x 8.
0
1

X
Y

2
3

0
1

X
Y

2
3

16

12
8

X
-4

-2

-16 -12 -8

-4 0
-4

12 16

-8

-2

-12
-16

-4

865
) y = 3x + 2;

) y = 4x + 1;

0
2

X
Y

2
4

-4

1
5

Y
8

2
-8 -6

0
1

X
Y

-2 0
-2

X
2

X
-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

163

) y = 7x + 3;

) y = 5x + 2.

0
3

X
Y

1
4

0
2

X
Y

2
8

12

8
6

X
-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-12

-8

-4

12

-4

-4

-8

-6
-8

-12

866
) y = 0,4x + 2;
X
Y

) y = 3,5x 1;

0
2

5
4

5
4

0
1

X
Y

Y
6
4

3
2

1
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

164

2
6

1 2 3

4 5

-6

-4

-2

0
-2
-4
-6

) y = 0,2x 4;
X
Y

) y = 2,5x + 5.

0
4

10
2

0
5

X
Y

2
0

15

10

5
X

-15

-10

-5

10

15

-6

-4

-2

-2

-5

-4

-10

-6

-15

867
) y = 2,5x 3;
X
Y

) y = 0,5x + 1;

0
3

2
2

X
Y

0
1

4
3

Y
3

1
X

-6

-4

-2

-6

-4

-2

-1

-1

-2

-2

-3

-3

165

) y = 1,5x + 8;

) y = 3,5x 2.

2
5

X
Y

4
2

0
2

X
Y

2
5

Y
6

2
X

-6

-4

-2

-4

-2

-2

-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

868
) S = 1,5t + 0,5;

3
6

) S = 3,5t + 4,5;

1
2

T
S

-6

1
1

T
S

3
6

-6

166

-4

-2

-6

-4

-2

-2

-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

) S = 4,5t 2,5;
T
1
1
S
2
7

) S = 2,5t 3,5.
T
1
3
S
1
4

s
8

4
2

-3

-2

-1

0
-2

-3

-2

-1

-2

-4
-4

-6
-8

-6

869
2
) S = t 1;
3
T
0
S
1

) S =
3
1

T
S

1
t + 1;
2
0
6
1
2

s
3

2
1

-3

-2

-1

-6

-4

-2

-1

-1

-2

-2

-3

-3

167

) S =

1
t 2;
2
T
0
S
2

) S =
4
0

T
S

2
t + 1.
3
0
3
1
1

1
t

-6

-4

-2

-4

-2

-1

-1

-2

-2

-3

-3

870
1
1
) u = z + ;
4
4

3
1

Z
u

-6

1
0

) y =

1
1
x ;
3
3

X
Y

1
0

4
1

4
3

2
1

-6

-4

-2

0
-1

-4 -3

-2

-1 0
-1
-2

-2
-3

168

-3
-4

5
1
a+ ;
3
3

) b =

) S =

1
2

A
B

2
3

3
2
t+ .
10
5
2
1

T
S

b
4

1
-4 -3

-1 0
-1

-2

7
2,5

-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-1

-2

-2

-3

-3

-4

-4

t
2

871
,
) x + 4 = 2x; x = 4; y = 4 + 4 = 8. : (4; 8).
) x = 3x 4; x = 1; y = 3 4 = 1. : (1; 1).
) 2x + 3 = 2x 5; 4x = 8; x = 2; y = 4 5 = 1. : (2; 1).
) 3x + 2 = 0,5x 5; 3,5x = 7; x = 2; y = 3 2 + 2 = 8. : (2; 8).
872
y
8
6
4
2
x
-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2
-4
-6
-8

y = x +4;
) X :
+ 4 = 0, = 4; (4; 0).
Y :
y = 4 + 0 = 4, y = 4; (0; 4).
) x = 2, y = 2 + 4 = 2.
x = 1, y = 1 + 4 = 3.
x = 0, y = 0 + 4 = 4.
x = 1, y = 1 + 4 = 5.
x + 4 = 1;
) x + 4 = 4;
x = 0;
x = 3;
x + 4 = 2;
x + 4 = 7;
x = 6;
x = 3.
) , ..
.
169

 873
y = 4x + 8;
) Y: y = 8 + 0 = 8; (0; 8).
:
4 + 8 = 0, = 2; (2; 0).
) x = 0, y = 0 + 8 = 8.
x = 1, y = 4 + 8 = 4.
x = 2, y = 8 + 8 = 0.
x = 3, y = 12 + 8 = 4.
) 4x + 8 = 0; x = 2;
4x + 8 = 4; x = 1;
4x + 8 = 8; x = 0.
) , ..
.
874
y = 2x 1;

y
8
6
4
2
-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4
-6
-8

y
8
6

) 2x 1 = 0; y = 0 2 1;
4
1
x= ;
y = 1;
2
2
x
(0,5; 0);
(0; 1).
-8 -6 -4 -2 0
2 4 6 8
) x = 3, y = 2 (3) 1 =
-2
= 7.
-4
x = 1, y = 2 (1) 1 =
-6
= 3.
x = 2, y = 2 2 1 = 3.
-8
1
1
x = , y = 2
1 = 0.
2
2
2x 1 = 1;
2x 1 = 7;
) 2x 1 = 5;
x = 3;
x = 0;
x = 4.
) , ..
.
875
y = 0,5x + 2;
y = 0,5 0 + 2 = 2;
) 0,5x + 2 = 0;
x = 4; (4, 0);
(0, 2).
) x = 2, y = 0,5 (2) + 2 = 3.
x = 4, y = 0,5 4 + 2 = 0.
x = 6, y = 0,5 (6) + 2 = 5.
) 0,5x + 2 = 1; x = 2;
0,5x + 2 = 0; x = 4; 0,5x + 2 = 2; x = 0.
) , .. .
170

y
8
6
4
2
x
-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

876
y = 3x + 6;
) x < 2 ( x = 0, x = 2, x = 1);
y > 0;
) x = 2; ) x < 2; ) x > 2.
8

2
-6

-4

-2 0
-2

x
-6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

y
4

-2 0
-2

x
2

879
y = 4x + 4;
) x > 1; ) x 1;
) x < 1; ) x 1.

2
-4

878
y = 3x 6;
) x > 2; ) x 2;
) x < 2; ) x 2.

-6

877
y = 2x 6;
) x < 3 ( x = 2, x = 1, x = 0);
y < 0;
) x = 3; ) x > 3; ) x < 3.

-3

-2

-1 0
-1

-4

-2

-6

-3

-8

-4

x
1

171

 880
y = x 2;
) x < 2; ) x 2;
) x > 2; ) x 2.

881
y = 2x + 4;
) x < 2; ) x 2;
) x > 2; ) x 2.

1
-4 -3

-2

-1 0
-1

-4 -3

-2

-2

-2

-3

-3

-4

-4

882
y = 2x + 3; ) [0, 1];

-1 0
-1

-4

) [1, 3];

-8 -6

-4

-4
-6

) [1, 1].
y

16

12

4
2

172

-2 0
-2

-6

-16 -12 -8

-4

-4 0
-4

2
-8 -6

) [2, 2];

-2 0
-2

x
4

12 16

-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-8

-4

-12

-6

-16

-8

 883
y = 2x + 3; ) (, 1);

) (2, );

2
-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

) (, 2);

2
-4

) (0, ).
y

-8 -6

-2 0
-2

-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

884
y = 2x + 3;
) (, 1];

x
2

) [2, );
10

X
-10

-5

10

-4

-2

-5

-2

-10

-4

173

) (, 2];

) [0, ).
4

X
-4

-2

-4

-2

-2

-2

-4

-4

885
y = 2x + 3;
) (2, 0);

) (2, 1);
4

X
-4

-2

X
-4

-2

-2

) (1, 3).
6

y
8
6

X
-2 0
-2
-4
-6

174

-4

) (1, 1);

-4

-2

-4

-6

x
-8 -6

-4

-2 0
-2
-4
-6
-8

 886
y = 3x + 1; ) [1, 2);
6

) (2, 1];

X
-6

-4

-2 0
-2

-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2

6 8

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

) [0, 1);

) (1, 0].
4

1
-4 -3 -2 -1 0
-1

X
1 2

-6

3 4

-4

-2 0
-2

-2

-4

-3

-6

-4

887
y = 3x + 1;
) (, 0];

) (2, );
6

2
X

X
-6

-4

-2 0
-2
-4

-6

-4

-2 0
-2
-4
-6

-6

175

) (, 0);

) [1, +).
6

2
X
-6

-4

-2 0
-2

X
-6

-4

888
y = 3x + 1; ) [0, 2];
Y
6

-2 0
-2

6 8

-6

) [1, 1);

.) (2, 1].
Y

-8

2
X

-4

-4

-6

-2 0
-2

-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

) (1, 3);

-4

-4

-4

-6

-2 0
-2

2
-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2

X
2

6 8

-4
6

889
, , ,
.

176

) 2 + 3 = 1, 1 + 3 = 2.
) (1) + 5 = 6, 4 + 5 = 1.
) 3 + 3 = 0, 1 + 3 = 2.
) 2 + 5 = 3, 5 + 5 = 0.

: 1 ; 2 .
: 1 ; 6 .
: 0 ; 2 .
: 0 ; 3 .

890
, , ,
.
) 4 (1)1=5, 4 21=7. : 5 ; 7 .
) 2 0+5=5, 2 4+5=3. : 3 ; 5 .
) 3 (1)2=5, 3 12=1. : 5 ; 1 .
) 5 0+7=7, 5 2+7=3. : 3 ; 7 .
891
y = 3x 9;
) (3; 0), (0; 9); ) x < 3;
) x > 3; ) 6; 3.
12

892
y = 2x + 6;
) (3; 0), (0; 6); ) [4, 5];
) x < 3; ) 2; 8.

12

3
2 -9 -6 -3 0
-3

X
3

-9 -6 -3 0
-3

9 12

-6

X
3

9 12

-6

-9

-9

-12

-12

893
y = x + 5;
) (5; 0), (0; 5); ) x < 5;
) [0, 1]; ) 1; 6.
15

894
y = 3x + 6;
) (2; 0), (0; 6); ) [3, 8];
) x < 2; ) 0; 3.

10

X
-15 -10 -5 0
-5
-10

10 15

-6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

177

 895
) y = 7,5x + 45;
7,5x + 45 = 0; y = 7,5 0 + 45;
x = 6; y = 45;
: (6; 0), (0; 45).
) y = 3,4x 27,2;
3,4x 27,2 = 0; y =3,4 0 27,2;
x = 8; y = 27,2;
: (8; 0), (0; 27,2).

) y = 2,6x 7,8;
2,6x 7,8 = 0; y = 2,6 0 7,8;
x = 3; y = 7,8.
: (3, 0), (0; 7,8).
) y = 18,1x + 36,2;
18,1x + 36,2 = 0; y = 18,1 0 +36,2;
x = 3; y = 36,2.
: (3, 0), (0; 36,2).

896
,
,
.
y = 3,2x 5;
) 3,2 3 5 = 4,6 , , ;
) 3,2 1,2 5 = 0 , , ;
) 3,2 7,5 5 = 4 , , ;
) 3,2 2,2 5= 2,04 , , .
896
) , , .
) , , , . +, , .
= 0,5 (2) + 1 = 2.
) , , , .
= 2,5 1 4 = 1,5, 2,5 2 4 = 1.
) , , , .
, ,
.
= 2,5 0 4 = 4.
898
) , , 1
1
, . = (4)+2=1, 4 + 2 = 3.
4
4
) , , , . +,
, .
1
0 + 2 = 2.
=
4
178

) , , , . , , .
= 1/3 6 1 = 3.
) , , .
899
) x = 3x 12; 2x = 12; x = 6. : (6; 6).
) x = 5x + 4; 4x = 4; x = 1. : (1; 1).
900
) x = 2x + 9; 3x = 9; x = 3. : (3; 3).
) x = 3x + 8; 2x = 8; x = 4. : (4; 4).
901
) 2x = x + 15; x = 15; y = 2 15 = 30. : (15; 30).
) y = 6y 35; y = 7; x = 3 7 = 21. : (21; 7).
902
y = 5x + m;
) 5 1 + m = 2; m = 7;
) 5 (7) + m = 8; m = 27;

) 5 0,5 + m = 4; m = 6,5;
) 5 1,2 + m = 3. m = 3.

903
y = kx + 4;

) 3k + 4 = 5; k =

1
;
3

1
k + 4 = 1; k = 6;
2
1
) k + 4 = 8. k = 36.
3

) 6k + 4 = 8; k = 2;
904
6

4
2
-6

-4

-2 0
-2

A
2

X
4

y = 2x 3 ,
= 2 2 3 = 1.

y = 0,5x 4 ,
B = 2 0,5 4 = 3.
, A > B.

-4
-6

179

 905
y = x 4
, = 0 4 = 4.
y = 4 x
, D = 4 1 = 3.
, D > C.

6
4

Y
D

2
X
-4

-2 0
-2

-4 C
-6

906
y = kx + m.
) , , , . . k > 0. , .
, m > 0.
) ,
, , . . k < 0. , .
, m > 0.
) , , , . . k > 0. , .
, m < 0.
) ,
, , . . k < 0. , .
, m < 0.
907
y = kx + m.
) , x > 0, , y > 0,
,
. x < 0, , y < 0, , .
, (
(0; 0) ) m = 0.
: 1 3 .
) , x > 0, , y < 0,
,
. x < 0, , y > 0, , .
(
(0; 0) ) , m = 0.
: 2 4 .

180

 908
y = p2 2px;
) p2 2p = 3;
p2 2p 3 = 0;
p2 + p 3p 3 = 0;
p(p + 1) 3(p + 1) = 0;
p = 3 p = 1;
) p2 = 4;


, p.

) p2 = 9;
p2 9 = 0;
(p 3)(p + 3) = 0;
p = 3 p = 3;
) p2 + 4p = 5;
p2 + 4p 5 = 0;
p2 + p 5p = 0;
p(p + 1) 5(p + 1) = 0;
p = 5 p = 1.

30.
909
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
910
) ; ) ; ) ;
) ,
y = kx, k .
911
) 1; ) 8; ) 15; ) 1.
912
) 0,1; ) 7,5; ) 6,06; ) 5,4.
913
5
1
1
1
.
) ; ) ; ) ; )
14
3
17
21
914
) y = 5x;
) y = 4x;
x
y

0
0
6

1
5

0
0

x
y

2
8

2
X

-6

-4

-2 0
-2
-4

X
-4

-2 0
-2

-4

181

) y = 2x;
x
y

0
0

) y = 6x.
x
0
y
0

3
6

1
6

4
4

X
-6

-2 0
-2

-4

-6

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-4

-6

-6

915
) y = 2x;

) y = 3x;

X
-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

) y = 6x;
6

) y = x.
Y

X
-4

182

-2 0
-2

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

 916
) S = 0,5t;

) S = 1,2t;
s

2
t

-6

) S =

-4

-2 0
-2

-6

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-4

-6

-6

3
t;
7

) S =

t
.
2

t
-6

-4

-2 0
-2

-6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

917
) 3k = 12;
) 5k = 25;
) 9k = 45;
) 11k = 99;

k = 4, ;
k = 5, ;
k = 5, ;
k = 9, .

918
) y = kx; 2k = 8;
k = 4; y = 4x;

) y = kx; 16k = 32;

k = 2; y = 2x;
183

X
-6

-4

-2 0
-2

-6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

) y = kx; 3k = 18;

) y = kx; 6k = 9;
3
3
k = ; y = x.
2
2

k = 6; y = 6x;
6

x
-6

-4

-2 0
-2

-6

-4

-2 0
-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

919
B(1; 4).
) y = 2x; 4 2 1, , ;
) y = 2x; 4 2 1, , ;
) y = 4x; 4 = 4 1, , ;
) y = 4x; 4 4 1, , .
920
S = kt.

7
= 1,4; S = 1,4t;
5
) 3k = 9; k = 3; s = 3t;
) 5k = 7; k =

) 2k = 8; k = 4; s = 4t;
) 4k = 12. k = 3; s = 3t.

921
A(0; 0) y = 2x; 0 = 2 0, ;
B(2; 4) y = 2x; 4 = 2 2, ;
184

C(5; 3) y = 2x; 3 2 5, ;
D(4; 8) y = 2x; 8 = 2 (4), .
922

1
x.
4
.

) y = 4,5x.

) y =

.
y

8
6

4
2

3
x
-9

-6

-3 0
-3

-8 -6 -4 -2 0
-2

6 8

-4
-6

-6

1
) y = x.
6
.

) y = 2,5x.
.
5
4
3
2
1
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-1
-2
-3

6
x
1 2 3 4 5

0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-1
-2
-3
-4

x
-12

-6

12

-6

923
y = 0,4x;
) 0; 2; 4; 2; ) 0; 5; 10; 5;
) y > 0; ) y < 0.
5
4
3
2
1

12

924
y = 2,5x;
) 0; 5; 5; ) 0; 2; 2;
) y 0; ) y 0.

x
1 2 3 4 5

5
4
3
2
1
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1
-1
-2
-3
-4

x
1 2 3 4 5

185

 925
) , ,
, .
: 0; 3.
) , ,
, . +, , .
: 3 .
) , ,
, .
, , .
: 3 .
) , ,
, .
: 3; 3.
926
) , , , . ( ), , .
: 4 .
) , , , .
+, , .
: 0 .
) , , , .
, , .
: 2 .
) , , , . ( ), , .
: 0 .
927
1
) y = 2x; ) y = x; ) y = x; ) y = 3x.
5
928
, , , +. , , ,
;
) ; ) ;
) ; ) .
186

 929
) k > 0, m > 0; ) k > 0, m < 0; ) k < 0, m > 0; ) k < 0, m < 0.
930
) , ,
, .
: 0; 2.
) , ,
, . +, , .
: 2 .
) , ,
, .
, , .
: 0 .
) , , .
931
) , , , .
: 3; 3.
) , , .
) , , , .
+, , .
: 3 .
) , , , . ( ), , .
: 3 .
932
12

y
y=x+3

6
x
-12

-6

0
-6

12
y = -3x

y = 3x
-12

187

 933
) , ;
) 3x = 2x 1; x = 1, y = 3 (1) = 3. : (1; 3).
) , ;
) x + 3 = 4; x = 1, y = 4. : (1; 4).
934

) y = x + 3; ) y = 2x 1; ) y = 2 x; ) y =

1
x 2.
2

935
1
2
) y = x + 2; ) y = 2x 4; ) x 4; ) 1,5x + 2.
2
3

31.
936
, , , . ;
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
937
, , , .
;
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
938
, , , .
;
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
939
) y = 8x + 12 y = 8x 3;
) y = 6x + 5 y = 6x + 7;
) y = 7x + 6 y = 12 7x;
) y = 4x 1 y = 4x + 11.
940
) y = 3x + 5 y = 3x + 7;
) y = 6x 3 y = 6x + 1;
) y = 45x 9 y = 45x + 7;
) y = 1,3x + 21 y = 1,3x 11.
941
) y = 6x + 1 y = 5x 3;
) y = 6x + 5 y = 9x 1;
) y = 7x + 8 y = 3x 4;
) y = 2x 15 y = 3x + 2.
188

 942
) y = 2x + 5 y = 2x (5);
) y = 2x 6 y = 3x 7;

) y = 2x 1 y = 3x + 3;
) y = 2x + 17 y = 3x + 9.

943
) ,
, .
) y = 5x + 8 y = 5x + 8. ) y = 6x 3 y = 6x 3.
) ,
, .
944
) ,
, .
) y = 4,5x 2 y = 4,5x 2; ) y = 0,35x 3 y = 0,35x 3;
) y = 2x + 5 y = 2x + 5.
945
) 2x + 3 = 3x + 2; x = 1, y = 2 1 + 3 = 5. : (1; 5).
) , .
) 7x + 4 = x + 4; x = 0, y = 7 0 + 4 = 4. : (0; 4).
) , .
946
) , ,
.
(0; 17);
) 3x + 4 = 2x 1; 5x = 5; x = 1, y = 2 1 1 = 1.
: (1; 1).
) , ,
.
(0; 8);
) 5x + 3 = x 3; 6x = 6; x = 1, = 1 3 = 2.
: (1; 2).
947
) , .
) , ,
. (0; 4).
) , .
) 79x = 75x; x = 0, y = 79 0 = 0.
: (0; 0).
948
k1 = k2 = 1; m1 = 2; m2 = 0.
949
k1 = k2 = 1; m1 = 2; m2 = 0.

189

 950
a1 = 2; a2 = 3; b1 = 5; b2 = 5;
(0; 5) .

2x + 5 = 3x + 5; x = 0, y = 5;

951
y = ax + b ,
b = 0. , : y = ax.
y = ax ( y = kx + m). , a > 0.
y = kx + m
(k > 0) (k < 0 m < 0). ,
y = kx + m .
k > 0. m 0
( , (0; 0) ). , m < 0.
: a > 0; b = 0; k > 0; m < 0
952
y = kx + m
k < 0 m > 0 ( (0; 0)
). y = ax + b.
1. a 0, , b 0.
2. a > 0.
. ,
b > 0.
: k < 0; m > 0; a ; b > 0.

7. y = x2
2

32. y = x
953
) y =x2 = 12 = 1; ) y = 32 = 9; ) y = 22 = 4; ) y = 02 = 0.
954
) y = ( 2) 2 = 4; ) y = ( 1,5) 2; ) y = ( 3) 2; ) y = ( 0,5) 2 = 0,25.
955
1
3

7
3

) y = 2 = =
2

49
4
=5 ;
9
9
2

1
3

7
3

4
9

) y = 2 = = 5 ;

1
169
9
9

13
1
13
) y = 3 = =
= 10 ; ) y = 3 = = 10 .
4
16
16
16
4
4

190

 956
) x2 = 4; x2 4 = 0; (x 2)(x + 2) = 0; x = 2; x = 2;
) x2 = 9; x2 9 = 0; (x 3)(x + 3) = 0; x = 3; x = 3;
) x2 = 1; x2 1 = 0; (x 1)(x + 1) = 0; x = 1; x = 1;
) x2 = 16; x2 16 = 0; (x 4)(x + 4)= 0; x = 4; x = 4.
957
) x2 = 0,25; x2 0,25 = 0; (x 0,5)(x + 0,5) = 0; x = 0,5; x = 0,5;
) x2 = 6,25; x2 6,25 = 0; (x 2,5)(x + 2,5) = 0; x = 2,5; x = 2,5;
) x2 = 2,25; x2 2,25 = 0; (x 1,5)(x + 1,5) = 0; x = 1,5; x = 1,5;
) x2 = 0; x = 0.
958
) 2; 2;) 1; 1;) 0; 3;)4; 5.
959
) 2; 1;) 1; 0;) 0,2; 0,2;
) , 0.
960
) 22 = 4, , ; ) 32 = 9, ;
) 42 = 8, , ; ) ( 3) 2 = 9 .
961
) (0,5) 2 = 0,25, , ;
) (1,2) 2 = 1,44, , ;
) (1,5) 2 = 2,25 , ;
) ( 2,5) 2 = 6,25 , .
962
, x y .
, :
) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
963
y = x2;
y 0 1
1
2
2
x 0 1
1
4
4
) x = 0;
) <x<0 0<x<+;
) x.

5
4
3
2
1
-3

-2

-1 0
-1

X
1

-2

191

 964
) 1;
0;
[ 1;1];
) ;
0;
( 2;1];

) 9;
0;
[ 3;2];
) 9;
0;
[ 1;3].

965
) ;
0;
[ 2;3);
) 9;
0;
[ 2;3];

) 9
0;
[ 3;0];
) ;
0;
( 3;2).

966
) 4;
0;
( 2;2];
) ;
0;
( 2;3);
967
) 9;
;
[ 3;2);
) 9;
;
(0;3);

) 9;
( 1);
[ 3; 1];
) ;
0;
( 1;3).
) 9;
;
( 2;3];
) 9;
;
[ 3; 1).

968
, ,
;
) 4;
) 22 = 4;
1;
02 = 0;
) 12 = 1;
) 32 = 9;
02 = 0;
22 = 4.
969
) ( 1) 2 = 1;
02= 0;
) ( 2) 2 = 4;
02 = 0;

) ( 2) 2 = 4;
( 1) 2 = 1;
) ( 3) 2 = 9;
( 1) 2 = 1.

970
0.
y = x2 ,
192

 0, . .
0. .
) 12 = 1; ) 32 = 9; ) ( 3) 2 = 9; ) 32 = 9.
971
0.
y = x2 ,
0, . .
0.
972
) 0; )12 = 1; ) 22 = 4; ) 32 = 9.
973
) 0; ) 0; ) 0; ) 0.
974
) x2 = 1;
x2 1 = 0;
x = 1; x = 1;
(1;1), ( 1;1);

) x2 = 0;
x = 0;
(0;0);

975
) x2 = 2x;
x2 2x = 0;
x(x 2) = 0;
x = 0; x = 2;

) x2 = 3x;
x2 + 3x = 0;
x(x + 3) = 0;
x = 0; x = 3;

976
) x2 = x + 2;
x2 x 2 = 0;
x2 + x 2x 2 = 0;

) x2 = 4;
x2 4 = 0;
x = 2; x = 2;
(2;4), ( 2;4);

) x2 = 3;
;

.

) x2 = x;
x2 x = 0;
x(x 1) = 0;
x = 0; x = 1;

) x2 = x;
x2 + x = 0;
x(x + 1) = 0;
x = 0; x = 1.

) x2 = x 3;
x2 x + 3;
3
1
x2 x + + 2 = 0 ;
4
4
2

x(x + 1) 2(x + 1) = 0;

(x + 1)(x 2) =0;
x = 2; x = 1;
(2;4), ( 1;1);
) x2 = x + 2;
x2 + x 2 = 0;
x2 x + 2x 2 = 0;

1
3

x = 2 ;
2
4

, ,
;
) x2 = x 5;
x2 x + 5 = 0;
1
3
x2 x + + 4 = 0 ;
4
4
2

x(x 1) + 2(x 1) = 0;

(x 1)(x + 2) =0;
x = 2; x = 1; ( 2;4), (1;1);

3
1

x = 4 ;
4
2

, ,
.
193

 977

) x2 = 2x + 3;

) x2 =

5
5;
3

5
x+5 = 0 ;
3
9
5
25
x2 + x +
+4
= 0;
36
3
36
x2 +

x2 2x 3 = 0;
x2 + x 3x 3 = 0;

9
5

x + = 4 ;
36
6

, ,
;
5
) x 2 = x 5 ;
3
5
x2 x + 5 = 0 ;
3
9
5
25
2
x x+
= 4 ;
36
3
36

(x + 1)(x 3) = 0;
x = 3; x = 1;
(3;9), ( 1;1);
) x2 = 3 2x;
x2 + 2x 3 = 0;
x2 x + 3x 3 = 0;

9
5

x = 4 ;
36
6

, ,
.

x(x 1) + 3(x 1) = 0;
(x 1)(x + 3) =0;
x = 3; x = 1; (1;1), ( 3;9);
978
) (1;3);

) ( 2;2);
Y

X
-4

) (0;2);

194

-2

X
-4

-2

) ( 2; 1).

X
-4

-2

X
-4

979
) (0;+ );

-2

) ( 1;+ );
Y

Y
8

X
-4

-2

-4

) ( ; 0,5);

-2

) ( ;0).
Y

X
-4

980
) ( ;1];

-2

X
-4

-2

) ( ; 2];
195

Y
8

X
-4

-2

X
-4

) [2;+ );

-2

) [1;+ ).
Y

Y
8

X
-4

-2

-4

981
) [0,1);

-2

) [0;2);
Y

4
2

X
-4

) (0;3];
196

-2

-4

-2

) (0;2,5].

X
-4

-2

X
-4

982
) ( 1;3];

-2

) ( 1;1];
Y

4
2

X
-4

-2

X
-4

) [ 1;0);

-2

) [ 1;2).
Y

X
-4

-2

X
-4

-2

983

197

) 22 = 4;
) ;
0;
0;
) ( 2,5) 2 = 6,25;
) ;
0;
0.
984
) ;
) ;
0,52 = 0,25;
0;
) ;
) ;
0;
0.
985
, ,
. :
2

1
1
) 0; ) 0; ) 0; ) =
.
25
5
986
A = 0; B = ( 3) 2 = 9,
, B > A.

987
C = 22 = 4, D = 2 + 3 = 1,
, C > D.

Y
B

Y
y = x2

8
6

-2

-4

X
0

-2

y = 2x + 3

988
M = 32 = 9, N = 1, M > N.
Y

y = x2

8
6
4

y=x

X
-4

-2

198

X
-4

 989
y = x2; L = ( 1)2 = 1, N =12 = 1, , L = N.
Y
8
6
4

L
-4

-2

990
y = x2, P = 0, Q = 0; , P = Q.
Y
8
6
4
2

-4

-2

Q
@
P

X
2

991
y = x2; y = x + 2; A = 22 = 4, B = 3 + 2 = 5.
Y
y = x2

8
6

4
2

y=x+2
-4

X
-2

199

 992
A = ( 3) 2 = 9, B = 1 3 = 3; , A > B.
993
y = x2. 0. 02 = 0.
, R = S.
994
) x2 = 2x 1;
x2 2x + 1 = 0;
(x 1) 2 = 0;
x = 1; y = 1.
: (1;1).

) x2 = 4x 4;
x2 4x + 4 = 0;
(x 2) 2 = 0;
x = 2; y = 4.
: (2;4).

) x2 = 2x 1;
x2 + 2x + 1 = 0;
(x + 1) 2 = 0;
x = 1; y = 1.
: ( 1;1).

) x2 = 4x 4;
x2 + 4x + 4 = 0;
(x + 2) 2 = 0;
x = 2; y = 4.
: ( 2;4).

33.
995

)
Y

Y
y = x

y=x+3

y = 3x 4

X
-4

-2

X
-4

-2

-2

-2

-4

-4

y = 2x + 1

: (2;5).
)

: (1; 1)
)

y=9

10

Y
8

y = x

X
-9

-6

-3

0
-2

: ( 9;9).
200

X
-4

-2

: ( 2;4); (0;0).

 996
) x2 = 1.

) x2 = 4.
Y

Y
y = x2

y = x2

8
6

y=4

y=1

X
-4

-2

X
-4

: x = 1, x = 1.
) x2 = 0.

-2

: x = 2, x = 2.
) x2 = 1.

Y
y = x2

Y
y = x2

y=0

X
-4

-2

X
-4

-2

y = 1

: x = 0.

: .

997
) x2 = 2x.

) x2 = 3x.
Y

y = x2

y = x2

y = 2x

X
-4

-2

-4

-2

y = 3x

: x = 0, x = 2.

: x = 0, x = 3.
201

) x2 = 3x.

) x2 = 3x.
Y
8

y = x2

y = x2

X
-4

-2

y = 3x

-4

: x = 0, x = 2.

-2

) x2 = x + 2.
Y

Y
8

y=x+6

: x = 0, x = 3.

998
) x2 = x + 6.
y = x2

y = 3x

y = x2

y = x + 2

X
-4

-2

-4

: x = 2, x = 3.
) x2 = x + 2.

: x = 2, x = 1.
) x2 = 3x.

Y
y = x2

-2

y = x2
8

y=x+2
6

y = 3x

X
-4

-2

: x = 1, x = 2.
999

202

X
-4

-2

: x = 0, x = 3.

) x2 = 2x + 3.

) x2 = 3x 2.
Y

Y
y=x

y = 3x 2

4
2

y = 2x + 3
-4

y = x2

X
0

-2

: x = 1, x = 3.
) x2 = 2x + 3.
Y

-4

-2

: x = 2, x = 1.
) x2 = 3x 2.
Y

y = x2
y = x2

y = 3x 2

y = 2x+ 3
X

-4

-2

X
-4

-2

: x = 3, x = 1.

: x = 1, x = 2.

1000
) x = x + 4;
2x = 4; x = 2;
y = 2 + 4 = 2.
: (2;2).

) x = x2;
x2 x = 0;
x = 0, y = 0; x = 1 y = 1.
: (0;0),(1;1).

1001
) 3x = 2x 4;
x = 4;
y = 3 ( 4) = 12.
: ( 4; 12).

) x = x2;
x2 + x = 0;
x = 0, y = 0; x = 1, y = 1.
: ( 1;1).

1002

203

) x2 + 2x 3; x2 = 2x + 3.

) x2 4x = 3; x2 = 4x 3.

Y
y=x

y = x2
2

y = 2x + 3

X
-4

-2

X
-4

-2

y = 4x 3

: x = 3, x = 1.

: x = 1, x = 3.

) x2 + 4x + 3; x2 = 4x 3.

) x2 x = 6; x2 = x + 6.

y = 4x 3

y = x2

y = x2

y=x+6

X
-4

-2

-4

-2

: x = 3, x = 1.

: x = 2, x = 3.

1003
) x2 + x + 2 = 0; x2 = x 2.

) x2 x + 4 = 0; x2 = x 4.

4
3
2
1
-3

-2

-1 -10
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
7

Y
y = x2

y = x2

X
1

y = x 2

: .
) x2 x + 6 = 0; x2 = x 6.
204

-3

-2

4
3
2
1
-1 -10

-2
-3
y = x 4 -4
-5
-6
7

X
1

: .
) x2 + x+ 8 = 0; x2 = x 8.

4
3
2
1
-3

-2

-1 -10

4
3
2
1

-3

-1 -10

-2

-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

: .

: .

1004
) x2 2x + 1 = 0; x2 = 2x 1.

) x2 + 2x + 1 = 0; x2 = 2x 1.

y=x

y = x2

y = 2x 1

y = 2x 1

X
-4

-2

-4

: x = 1.
) x2 + 4x + 4 = 0; x2 = 4x 4.
4
3
2
1
-3

-2

-1 -10
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

: x = 2.

4
3
2
1

X
2

: x = 1.
) x2 4x + 4 = 0; x2 = 4x 4.

-2

-3

-2

-1 -10
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

X
1

: x = 2.

1005

) x2 = 1,5x 6.

) x2 =

5
x 5.
3

205

4
3
2
1
-3

-2

Y
y = x2

-3

-1 -10
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7

-3 -2 -1 -10
-2
-3
-4
y = 1,5x 6 -5
-6
-7

X
1

y=

5
x5
3

: .
5
) x2 = x 5.
3

) x = 1,5x 6.
y=x

-2

y = 1,5x 6

4
3
2
1

y = x2

-1 -10
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7

: .

4
3
2
1

4
3
2
1

X
1

: .

-3

y=

-2

5
3

-1 -10

Y
y = x2
X
1

-2
-3
-4
x 5-5
-6
-7

: .

34. y = f(x)
1006
) 0; ) 16; ) 8; ) 4.
1007
) 8a; ) 8a; ) 16a; ) 32a.
1008
) 8(b + 2) = 8b + 16;
) 8(b 8) = 8b 64;
1009
1
) 5 + 6 = 5,25 + 6 = 11,25;
4

) 5 0,5 + 6 = 2,5 + 6 = 8,5;

) 8(b 1) = 8b 8;
) 8(b + 7) = 8b + 56.
) 5 ( 3) + 6 = 9;
) 5 6

2
+ 6 = 5 6,4 + 6 = 32 + 6=38.
5

1010
) 5a + 6; ) 15a + 6; ) 35a + 6; ) 25a + 6.
1011
206

) 5(a + 1) + 6 = 5a + 11;
) 5(a 3) + 6 + 1 = 5a 8;
) 5(a 1) + 6 = 5a + 1;
) 5(a + 4) + 6 2 = 5a + 24.
1012
) 2; ) 3a + 2; ) 3 + 2 = 1; ) 3 2a + 2 + 4 = 6a + 6.
1013
) 3 8 + 2 + 8 = 14;
) ( 3x + 2) 2 = 9x2 12x + 4;
) 3x + 2 2 = 3x;
) ( 3x + 2 2) 2 = 9x2.
1014
) 3 ( x) + 2 = 3x + 2;
) 3 2x + 2 = 6x + 2;
) 3 ( 8x) + 2 = 24x + 2;
) 3 4x + 2 = 12x + 2.
1015
) 1,6(x + 2) + 3,5 = 1,6x + 3,2 + 3,5 = 1,6x + 6,7;
) 1,6(x 5) + 3,5 = 1,6x 8 + 3,5 = 1,6x 4,5;
) 1,6(x + 9) + 3,5 = 1,6x + 14,4 + 3,5 = 1,6x + 17,9;
) 1,6(x 6) + 3,5 = 1,6x 9,6 + 3,5 = 1,6x 6,1.
1016
) 3,7x 5,2;
) 3,7 2x3 5,2 = 7,4x3 5,2;
) 3,7x2 5,2;
) 3,7x 5,2 + 5,2 = 3,7x.
1017
1
) 4; ) 9a2; ) 9; ) a2.
9
1018
) x2;
) (x + 2) 2 = x2 + 4x + 4;
) (5 x) 2 = x2 10x + 25;
) (2x + 3) 2 9 = 4x2 + 12x.
1019
) (x2) 2 = x4;
) (x3) 2 = x6;

) (x2 2) 2 = x4 4x2 + 4;
) (x3 + x) 2 = x6 + 2x4 + x2.

1020
) (x6) 2 = x12; ) ( x6) 2 = x12; ) (3x5) 2 = 9x10; ) ( 3x5) 2 = 9x10.
1021
) 2+ 5=3; ) 2 ( 3) + 5=11; ) 3 ( 4) 2= 14; ) 2 0 + 5= 5.
1022
) 5 + 5,7 = 0,7; ) 20 + 5,7 = 14,3; ) 5; ) 5.
1023

x2
x < 4,5
f(x)=
;
4
x
7
x 4,5

) f( 5) = ( 5) 2 = 25;
) f(3) = 4 3 + 7 = 5;

) f( 4) = 4 ( 4) + 7 = 23;
) f( 4,5) = 4 ( 4,5) + 7 = 25.

1024

207

x2
) y =
9

4 x 0
2
) y =
;

+
4
x
7
0 < x <1

2 x 3
.
3< x5

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

y = 4 + 7

-2 -10
-2
y = 2 -3

-4

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

y=9

y = 2

-2 -10

-4

1025

x2
) y =
x

x
) y = 2
x

3 x 0
;
0< x4
Y
y = 2

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

8
6
4

y=
2

X
0

-2

1026
4 x 1
1
;
) y =
2
x
+
3
1 < x 1

-2

1027

208

y = 2

X
2

5 x 2
0
.
) y =
x
+
2
2< x 2

0
-1

-2 -10
-2
y=

y = 2 + 3

y=+2

1
-4

x>0

-4

y=1

2 x 0

X
2

y=0
-4

-2

0
-1

X
2

 x2
3 x 2
.
) y =
2 x + 8 2 < x 0

x + 3 2 x 1
;
) y = 2
1 < x 2
x
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-4

-2 -10

Y
8
6
4
2

X
2

-4

-2

1028
) 3 x 4 ( );
) y = 9 ( );
y = 0 ( );
) 3 x 0 ( );
0 < x 4 ( );
) .
1029
) 2 x 2 ( );
) y = 4 ( );
y = 0 ( );
) 1 x 0 ( );
2 < x 1, 0 x 2 ( );
) x = 1 ( ).
1030

x2 4 x 1
f(x)=
;
2 x 1 < x 5
) f( 4) = ( 4)2 = 16;
) f(1) = 12 = 1;
) f( 4,5) ; .. x = 4,5;
;
) f(4,9) = 2 4,9 = 9,8.
1031
) .. 12 2 1;
) .. 1 x < 0 y = f(x) .
1032
) f(3)=(3)+3,4=3+3,4 = 6,4;
) f(2)= 2 ( 2) + 5 = 4 + 5 = 9;
) f(3)=2 3+5 = 6 + 5 = 1;
) f(4) = 42 = 16.
209

 1033
) f( 5,4) = 1,5 ( 5,4) + 2,9 = 8,1 + 2,9 = 5,2;
) f( 3,5) = ( 3,5)2 = 12,25;
) f(3,5) = 3,52 = 12,25;
) f(5,5) = 7,4 + 3,2 5,5 = 7,4 + 17,6 = 10,2.
1034
5 x<0
;
) y =
2 x 0
5

1 x > 0
.
) y =
4 x 0
5

2
1
-5 -4

-3 -2

-1 0
-1

x
1

-5 -4

-3 -2

-2

-3

-3

-4

-4

-5

-5

1
-1 0
-1

-4

210

x
1

2
1

-2
-3

-3 -2

x
1

6 x0
.
) y =
1 x < 0

3 x0
;
) y =
7 x > 0

-5 -4

-1 0
-1

-2

-5 -4

-3 -2

-1 0
-1

-5

-2

-6

-3

-7

-4

x
1

 1035

x2

) y = x
x2

2 x 1
1 < x 1

1 4 x 1

) y = 2 x 1 < x 1
x2
1< x 3

1< x 2
Y

X
-4

-2

X
-4

-2

1036

x + 2 4 x 1

1 < x 1
) y = 0
x2
1< x 3

x
6 x 2
2
2
2 < x 1
) y = x
3 2 x
1< x 5

y
4

Y
8

-6

X
-2

-2

-4

-4

-4

-2

-6
-8

1037
) < x < + ; y = 0;
; ;
x = 0;
x 0;
;
x > 0; x < 0;

211

) < x < + ;
; y = 2;
;
x = 0;
x > 0;
x < 0;
< x < 1;
) < x < + ;
; y = 2;
;
x = 0;
x < 0;
x > 0;
2 < x < ;
) < x < + ;
y = 2; ;
;
;
;
;
2 < x < .
1038
) < x < + ; ;
; ;
x = 0;
x < 0;
x > 0;
;
) 1 < x < + ; y = 0;
y = 4; ;
x = 0;
1 < x < 0 0 < x < + ;
;
0 < x < 2; 1 < x < 0;
) 5 x 2;
y = 0; y = 4;
;
x = 0;
0 < x 2 5 x < 0;
;
0 < x < 2; 1 < x < 0;
) 2 < x < 5;
y = 0; ;
;
x = 0;
0 < x < 5 2 < x < 0;

212

 ;
0 < x < 5; 2 < x < 0.
1039
) < x < + ; y = 0;
; ;
x = 0;
x 0;
;
0 < x 2; < x < 0;
) 4 x 2; y = 2;
y = 4; ;
x = 0;
0 < x 2;
4 x < 0;
2 < x < 2;
) < x < + ; y = 0;
; ;
x = 0;
x 0;
;
0 < x < 1; < x < 0;
) 5 < x < 2; y = 0;
; ;
x = 0;
x 0;
;
0 < x < 2; 1 < x < 0.
1040
) < x < + ;
y = 0; ;
;
x = 0;
x 0;
;
x > 0; x < 0;
) 4 < x < ; y = 0; ; , x = 1;
x = 0;
4 < x < 0 0 < x < ;
;
0 < x < ; 4 < x < 0;
) < x < 1 1 < x < ; y = 0; ; ;
x = 0;
< x < 1 1 < x < ;
213

 ;
0 < x < 1 1 < x < ; x < 0;
) < x < 1, 1 < x < 2 2 < x < ;
y = 0; ;
;
x = 0;

x = 0;
;
0 < x < 2 2 < x < ;
< x < 1 1 < x < 0.
1041
x x>0
) y =
;
x x < 0

2 x < x < 2
) y =
;
2 x<
2
2 < x < 2
) y =
.
x 2 x <

2 < x < 2
) y =
;
x 2 x <
1042

x2 < x < 0
) y =
;
x 0 x <
1
) y = 2
x

5 x < 1
1 x 2

x2
) y =
4

1 < x < 2
;
2 x<

x2
) y =
x

2 < x <1
.
1 x < 5

1043

x2

) y = x
2

< x < 0
0 x<2

4 x < 2
2

2 x <1
) y = x
3 x 2
1 x 2

2 x<

x < x < 0

0 x <1
) y = 3x
3
1 x <

5 < x < 1
3

) y = 3 x 1 x < 0
x2
0 x<2

1044

x2
) y =
x

< x <1
;
1 x <

2 x < x < 0

0 x <1
) y = 3 x
3x
1< x <

214

) y = x 2
2x

x2

) y = x 2
x2

4 < x < 1
1 x < 1
1 x <
< x < 1
1 < x < 2
2< x<

 1045

x2 2 x 0
f(x)=
;
0< x3
0
) f( 2) = (2)2 = 4, f(0) = 02 = 0, f(2) = 0, f( 1) = ( 1)2 = 1, f(3) = 0;
)
6

5
4
3
2
1
-3

-2

-1 0
-1

-2

) 4 < x < 3;
y = 0; y = 4;
;
0 < x 3;
2 x < 0;
;
2 < x < 0.
1046

x2 2 x 0

f ( x ) = 4 x 0 < x 1
4
1< x < 3

) f( 1)=( 1)2 = 1, f(2) = 4, f(1) = 4 1 = 4, f(1,5) = 4, f( 2) = (2)2 =4;

)
6

5
4
3
2
1
-3

-2

-1 0
-1

X
1

-2

215

) 2 x < 3; y = 0;
y = 4; ;
x = 0; 2 < x < 3;
; 0 < x < 1;
2 < x < 0.
1047
1 3 x 1

f ( x ) = x2 1 < x 1
x
1< x 6

) f( 2) = 1, f(4) = 4, f( 1) = 1, f(1) = 12 = 1, f(5) = 5;

)

y
6
4
2

x
-3 -2 -1 0

) 3 x 6;
y = 0; y = 6;
, x = 1;
x = 0;
1 < x < 0, 0 < x 6;
3 x 1;
0 < x < 1; 2 < x < 0.
1048

3 x 1
1

1 < x 2
f ( x ) = x2
2 x + 2
2< x<4

) f( 3) = 1,
f(2) = 22 = 4,
f(0) = 02 = 0,
f( 1) = 1,
2

1
1 1
f = = ;
4
2 2
216

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

-3 -2 -1 0

1 2

3 4 5

) 3 x < 4;
y = 0;
y = 10;
;
x = 2;
x = 0;
3 x < 0, 0 < x < 4;
;
0 < x < 2, 2 < x < 4;
1 < x < 0.
1049
2x2
) y =
= 2x ;
x

x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

1 2 3 4 5

x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

-2

-2

-4

-4

) y =

2 3 4 5

x2
= x .
x
217

 1050
x2 9
) y =
= x+3 ;
x3

) y =

x2 4
= x2.
x+2

y
4

x
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

2 3

4 5

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0

-2

-2

-4

-4

1051
x3 + 3x 2
) y =
= x2 ;
x+3

) y =

4
3
2

X
0

218

-2

-1

-2

6
5

X
1

x4 4x2
= x2 .
(x 2)(x + 2)

0
-1

-2

) y =

1
-3

-3

-1 0
-1

1052
x4 x2
) y =
= x2 ;
(x 1)(x + 1)
6

-2

4 5

x3 x 2
= x2 .
x 1

-4

1 2 3

-3

-2

-1

0
-1

X
1

 8.

35.
1053
(1;1)
) 7x + 3y = 10; 7 1 + 3 1 = 10; ;
) 6x 2y = 4; 6 1 2 1 = 4; ;
) 6x + 8y = 1; 6 1+ 8 1 = 14; ;
) 15x 2y = 3. 15 1 2 1 =3. .
1054
3x 2y = 5; (1; 1), (3;2), (5;5).
1055
) 2x + y = 9; ) x + 3y = 0; ) 2x 6y = 2; ) 3x + 4y = 8.
1056
x + y =15; (1;14), (2;13), (3;12), (4;11), (5;10), (6;9), (7;8),
(8;7), (9;6), (10;5), (11;4), (12;3), (13;2), (14;1).
1057
4 x 7 y = 30 4 60 7 30 = 30
)
.

4 x 5 y = 90 4 60 5 30 = 90

(60;30) .
3 x + 5 y = 330 3 60 + 5 30 = 330
.

6 x 8 y = 110 6 60 8 30 110

(60;30) .
1058
2 x + 11 y = 15
;

10 x 11y = 9
2 20 + 11 18 15
10 20 11 18 9

) (20;18);

2 2 + 11 1 = 15
;
10 2 11 1 = 9

2 1 + 11 2 15
;
10 1 11 2 9

) (2;1);
) (1;2);

2 3 + 11 ( 1 ) 15
;
10 3 11 ( 1 ) 9

) (3; 1);

219

 1059
4 x 3 y = 7
;

5 x + 2 y = 26
4 1 3 2 7
;
5 1 + 2 2 26

4 4 3 3 = 7
;
5 4 + 2 3 = 26

) (1;2);

) (4;3);

4 ( 2 ) 3 ( 5 ) = 7
; ;
5 ( 2 ) + 2 ( 5 ) 26

)( 2; 5);

4 0 3 1 7
;
5 0 + 2 1 26

) (0;1);

1060
(12;15);
x + y = 27
12 + 15 = 27
27 = 27
;

2 x 4 y = 36 2 12 4 15 = 36 36 = 36
2 x y = 9 2 12 15 = 9 9 = 9
.
)

4 y = 5 x
4 15 = 5 12 60 = 60

1061
x y = 2; x + y =8;
) (10;8); ) (6;2);

) (5;3);

) (100;100).

1062
x = y
y = x
.
)

3 x y = 4 y = 3 x 4

3x + y = 0 y = 3 x
.

4 x y = 3 y = 4 x 3

12
5
4
3
2
1
-4

-2 -10
-2
-3
-4
-5

: (2;2).
220

9
6
3

X
2

X
-6

-4

-2

0
-3
-6

: (3;9).

x 4 y = 0
y =
;
.
4
x + y = 5
y = 5 x

y = 5x
y = 5x
)
;
.
3
x
+
y
=
0

y = 3x

6
5

X
-4 -3 -2 -1 0
-2

-3 -2 -1 0
-1

2 3 4 5

-2

-4

-3

-6

: (0;0).

: (4;1).

1063
y = x 1
x y = 1

;
)
x.
x + 3 y = 9
y = 3 3

6
5
4
3
2
1
-3

3 x 2 y = 12
)
x + 2 y = 4

0
-1
-2
-3
-4

: (3;2).

y = 2 x 6
.

y = x 2

X
-6

X
3

-4

-2

-2
-4
-6
-8

: (2; 3).

221

2 x + y = 1
y = 1 2x
)
;
.
2 x + y = 3
y = 3 2x

2
1

-2 -1 0
-1

1
-4 -3

x 2

y = 3 3
.

y = x 2

3 3

x 3y = 2
)
2 x 6 y = 4

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
-1

-2

-2

-3

-3

-4

-4

: ,
.. .

2 3 4 5

: ,
. . .

1064
x + y = 5
;
)
3x y = 7

x 2 y = 1
;
y x = 1

x 1

y =
2 2.

y = x +1

y = 5 x
.

y = 3x + 7
Y

2
-6

-4

-2

0
-2
-4
-6

: ( 3; 2).

222

X
2

-4

-2

0
-1
-2
-3
-4

: ( 3;2).

X
2

 1065
x 2 y = 7
)
;
3 x + 2 y = 5

x + y = 2
)
;
2 x y = 4

x 2 y = 7
.

3x + 2 y = 5

y = 2 x
.

y = 2x + 4

1
-2

0
-1

8
-4

-2

-2

0
-1

-3

-2

-4

-3

: ( 3;2).

: ( 2;0).

1066
x 3 y = 8
)
2 x 3 y = 10

x 8

y = 3 3
.

y = 2 x 10
3
3

5
4
3
2
1

X
-3 -2 -1 0

1 2 3

4 5

6 7

-2 -10
-2
-3
-4
-5

-3

-6

: (2; 2).
1067
) (0;6);

y = 3x 4

2
10 .

y = 3 x + 3

3x y = 4
2 x + 3 y = 10

X
2

: (2;2).
) ( 3; 4);

) ( 1;2);

) (5; 7).

5 x 3 y = 18 2 x 4 y = 10 3 x + 4 y = 5 2 x + y = 3
.

7 x + 2 y = 12 x + 5 y = 23 6 x y = 8 10 x + 5 y = 15

223

 1068
5

y = 2 x 3
.

y = 7 x + 3

5 x 2 y = 6
)
7 x + 2 y = 12

5
4
3
2
1
-4

6
-4

1
).
2

: (1;

6
5
4
3
2
1

-2 -10
-2
-3
-4
-5

7
1

y = 3 x + 3
.

y = 4 x + 17

5
5

7 x 3 y = 1
)
4 x 5 y = 17

-2 -10
-2
-3
-4

: (2;5).

1069
x + y = 8
)
;
x y = 4

2 x + y = 1
)
;
2 x y = 7
y = 1 2x
.

y = 2x 7

y = 8 x
.

y = x 4
Y
8

Y
4

X
0

-4

-4

-6

-4

-2

-2
-4
-6
-8

: (6;2).
224

: (2, 3).

 x y = 15
)
;
3x + y = 5

4 x + 3 y = 6
;
2 x + y = 4

y = 2 x
3 .

y = 4 2x

y = x 15
.

y = 3x + 5
Y

6
4

10

X
-4

-2

-10

-5

10

15

20

-5

-2

-10
-4

-15
-20

: (3; 2).

: (5; 10).

1070
6 x 5 y = 4
)
12 x 10 y = 5

6
4

y = 5 x 5
.

y = 6 x 1
5
2

y = x 1
x y = 1

2.

3 x 3 y = 2 y = x
3

1.5

1
0.5

X
-1

X
-1.5

-1

-0.5 0
-0.5

0.5

1.5

-1

-1

: ,
.. .

-1.5

: ,
.. .

225

8 x + 7 y = 2
)
16 x + 14 y = 3

0.4

8
2

y = 7 x + 7
.

y = 8 + 3

7 16

y = 3 x + 4
.

y = 2 x

2 x + 3 y = 12
)
4 x + 6 y = 0

6
4

0.2

X
-2

X
0

0.2

-2

0.4

-4

: ,
.. .
1071

: ,
.. .

x + y = 0
y = x
; , ,
5
x
+
5
y
=
0

y = x

;
1

y = x 2
; , ,

y = x 1
2

8 x 8 y = 4
)
2 x 2 y = 1

;
12 x + 12 y = 24 y = 2 x
; , ,

x + y = 2
y = 2 x

;
3 x y = 5
y = 3x 5
; , ,

12 x 4 y = 20 y = 3x 5

.
1072
3

y = x 4
;
2
y = x 4

) 3x 2y = 8

3
2

y = x
7
7;
y = 2x + 1

) 3x 7y = 2
226

5
1

y = x +
4
4;
y = x

) 5x + 4y = 1

5
3

y = x +
6
2.
y = x + 6

) 5x + 6y = 9

 1073
16 x + 2 y = 10
3 x 2 y = 1
7 x + 8 y = 4
x y = 3
)
; )
; )
; )
.
8 x + y = 5
6 x 4 y = 2
14 x + 16 y = 8
5 x 5 y = 15

1074
7 x 5 y = 3
6 x + 11 y = 8
45 x 31 y = 13
54 x 23 y = 40
; )
; )
; )
.
7
x

5
y
=
1
12
x
+
22
y
=
8
45
x

31
y
=
2

54 x 23 y = 19

1075
ax + 8y = 20;
) (2;1) 2a + 8 1 = 20; 2a = 12; a = 6;
) ( 3; 2) 3a + 8 ( 2) = 20; 3a = 36; a = 12.
1076
x + ay = 35
)
bx + 2 y = 27
ax 3 y = 7
)
5 x + by = 26

5 + 6a = 35
6a = 30 a = 5
;

5b + 6 2 = 27 5b = 15 b = 3
10a 3 5 = 7 10a = 22
a = 2 ,2
.

10

3
b
=
26
3
b
24

b = 8

1077
4
11

y = 3 x + 3
.

y = 5 x + 6
2

ax + 3 y = 11 5a + 3 ( 3) = 11 4 x + 3 y = 11

5 x + 2 y = 12 5a = 20; a = 4 5 x + 2 y = 12

4
2

X
-3 -2 -1 0

-2

: (2;1).

227

 36.
1078

;
2
) 3a + b = 12, b = 12 3a;
) 2x + 4y = 4, y = 1

3
;
2 6
) c + 8d = 15, c = 15 8d.

) x + 6y = 9, y =

1079

) 6x + y = 18, y = 18 6x;
) 18m 12n = 3, m =

2
1
n+ ;
3
6

5
b;
4
5
) 45p 9q = 4, q = 5p .
7

) 4a + 5b = 20, a = 5

1080

3
s 4;
2
13
17
s+ ;
) 9r 13s = 17, r =
9
9
) 3s 2t = 8, t =

11 4
q;
7
7
5
) 5u + 7v = 21, v = 3 u.
7
) 7z + 4q = 11, z =

1081
y = 3x 1
; 2x + 3 (3x 1) = 8; 2x + 9x 3 = 8; 11x = 11;
2 x + 3 y = 8

x = 1; y = 3 1 1 = 2. : (1;2).
y = 1 7x
5
; 4x (1 7x) = 4; 4x 1 + 7x = 4; 11x = 5; x = ;
4
x

y
=
4
11

y=17

5
2
5
2
= 2 . : ( ; 2 ).
11
11
11
11

y = 3 x
; x + 2 (3 x) = 3; x + 6 2x = 3; x = 3;
x + 2 y = 3

x = 3; y = 3 3 = 0. : (3;0).
y = x 1
; 5x + 2 (x 1) = 16; 5x + 2x 2 = 16; 7x = 18;
5 x + 2 y = 16

18
4
4
4
4
4
= 2 ; y = 2 1 = 1 . : (2 ; 1 ).
7
7
7
7
7
7

x=

1082
x = y + 2
)
; 3 (y+2)2y=9; 3y+62y=9; y=3; x=3+2=5. : (5;3).
3 x 2 y = 9
x = 2 y 8
; 2y83y=8; y=0; y=0; x=2 08= 8. : ( 8;0).
x 3 y = 8

)
228

x = 2 y 3
)
; 3 (2y3)+2y=7; 6y9+2y=7; y=2; x=2 23=1. : (1;2).
3x + 2 y = 7
x = y + 8
; y + 8 3y = 4; 2y = 4; y = 2; x = 2 + 8 = 10. : (10;2).
x 3y = 4

1083
x = 4 y
)
;
x + 5 y = 99

y = 6x
y = 4 x
; )
;
4
x
+
y
=
150

x y = 10

4y + 5y = 99;
9y = 99;
y = 11;
x = 44.
: (44;11).

4x + 6x = 150;
10x = 150;
x = 15;
y = 90.
: (15;90).

x ( 4x) = 10;
5x = 10;
x = 2;
y = 8.
: (2; 8).

x = 5 y
;
x 4 y = 18

5y 4y = 18;
9y = 18;
y = 2;
x = 10.
: ( 10;2).

1084
x = 10y
)
; 210y+3y=46; 20y+3y=46; 23y=46; y=2; x=20. : (20;2).
2x + 3y = 46
y = 1,5x
; 21,5x+5x=64; 3x+5x=64; 8x=64; x=8; y=12. : (8;12).
)
2 y + 5x = 64
y = 2,5 x
; 5x + 4 ( 2,5x) = 75; 5x 10x = 75; x = 15; y = 37,5;
5 x + 4 y = 75

: ( 15;37,5).
x = 0 ,5 y
; 6 ( 0,5y) 2y = 9; 3y 2y = 9; y = 9; x = 4,5.
6 x 2 y = 9

: ( 4,5;9).
1085
5 x 3 y = 14
)
;
2 x + y = 10

y = 10 2x;
5x 3 (10 2x) = 14;
5x 30 + 6x = 14;
11x = 44;
x = 4;
y = 10 2 4 = 2.
: (4;2).

x = 5 + 2y;
2 (5 + 2y) + y = 9;
10 + 4y + y = 9;
5y = 1;
y = 0,2;
x = 5 + 2 ( 0,2) = 4,6.
: (4,6; 0,2).

x + 5 y = 35
;
3 x + 2 y = 27

x 2 y = 5
;
2 x + y = 9

x + 3 y = 2
;
2 x + 3 y = 7

x = 35 5y;
3 (35 5y) + 2y = 27;

x = 2 3y;
2 (2 3y) + 3y = 7;
229

105 15y + 2y = 27;

13y = 78; y = 6;
x = 35 5 6 = 5.
: (5;6).

4 6y + 3y = 7;
3y = 3; y = 1;
x = 2 3 ( 1) = 5.
: (5; 1).

1086
2 x y = 2
)
;
3 x 2 y = 3

y = 2x 2;
3x 2 (2x 2) = 3;
3x 4x + 4 = 3;
x = 1; x = 1;
y = 2 1 2 = 0.
: (1;0).

y = 7x 56;
3x + 4 (7x 56) = 55;
3x + 28x 224 = 55;
31x = 279; x = 9;
y = 7 9 56 = 7.
: (9;7).

5 y x = 6
;
3 x 4 y = 4

3 x + 4 y = 55
;
7 x y = 56

4 y x = 11
;
6 y 2 x = 13

x = 5y 6;
3 (5y 6) 4y = 4;
15y 18 4y = 4;
11y = 22; y = 2;
x = 5 2 6 = 4.
: (4;2).

x = 4y 11;
6y 2 (4y 11) = 13;
6y 8y + 22 = 13;
2y = 9; y = 4,5;
x = 4 4,5 11 = 7.
: (7; 4,5).

1087
4 x 3 y = 12
;
3 x + 4 y = 24

5 x + 2 y = 20
;
2 x 5 y = 10

x = 3 + 0,75y;
3 (3 + 0,75y) + 4y = 24;
9 + 2,25y + 4y = 24;
6,25y = 33;

x = 5 + 2,5y;
5 (5 + 2,5y) + 2y = 20;
25 + 12,5y + 2y = 20;
14,5y = 5;
10
;
y=
29

y = 5,28;
x = 3 + 0,75 ( 5,28) = 0,96.

4
10
x = 5 + 2,5 = 4
.
29
29

: ( 0,96; 5,28).

4 10
: 4 ; .
29 29

2 x 3 y = 12
;
3 x + 2 y = 6

5 x 3 y = 5
;
2 x + 7 y = 4

x = 6 + 1,5y;
3 (6 + 1,5y) + 2y = 6;

x = 1 + 0,6y;
2 (1 + 0,6y) + 7y = 4;

230

18 + 4,5y + 2y = 6;
11
6,5y = 12; y = 1 ;
13

2 + 1,2y + 7y = 4;
10
8,2y = 2; y =
;
41

3
11
x = 6 + 1,5 1 = 3 .
13
13

x=1+

11
3
: 3 ;1 .
13
13

6 10
: 1 ; .
41 41

3 10
6

=1
.
5 41
41

1088
4 x 5 y = 1
)
;
2 x 3 y = 2

x = 1 + 1,5y;
4 (1 + 1,5y) 5y = 1;
4 + 6y 5y = 1;
y = 3;
x = 1 + 1,5 ( 3) = 3,5.
: ( 3,5; 3).

y = 13 2,5x;
4x 3 (13 2,5x) = 7;
4x 39 + 7,5x = 7;
x = 4;
y = 13 2,5 4 = 3.
: (4;3).

3 x + 4 y = 0
2 x + 3 y = 1

4 x 3 y = 7
;
5 x + 2 y = 26

3 x 5 y = 0
8 y 3x = 13

y = 0,75x;
2x + 3 ( 0,75x) = 1;
2x 2,25x = 1;
0,25x = 1;

y = 0,6x;
8 0,6x 3x = 13;
4,8x 3x = 13;
1,8x = 13;
2
x=7 ;
9
3 65
1
y=
=4 .
5 9
3

x = 4;
y = 0,75 ( 4) = 3.

: ( 4;3).

2
1

: 7 ;4 .
9
3

1089
4 x 7 y = 33
;
2 x + 5 y = 25

5 y 6 x = 2
;
8 x 3 y = 1

y = 5 0,4x;

x=

4x 7 (5 0,4x) = 33;

1
5
8 y 3y = 1;
3
6

1 5
+ y;
3 6

231

4x 35 + 2,8x = 33;
6,8x = 68; x = 10;
y = 5 0,4 10 = 1.
: (10;1).
5 x 2 y = 48
;
2 x + 3 y = 23

20
8
y 3y = 1;
3
3
11
11
y = ; y = 1;
3
3
1 5 1
x= + = .
3 6 2
: (0,5;1).
4 x 3 y = 1
;
10 x 4 y = 1

y = 2,5x 24;
2x + 3 (2,5x 24) = 23;
2x + 7,5x 72 = 23;
9,5x = 95; x = 10;
y = 2,5 10 24 = 1.
: (10;1).

x = 0,75y 0,25;
10 (0,75y 0,25) 4y = 1;
7,5y 2,5 4y = 1;
3,5y = 3,5; y = 1;
x = 0,75 1 0,25 = 0,5.
: (0,5;1).

1090
6 x + 5 y = 1
)
;
2 x 3 y = 33

2
x 11;
3
2

6x + 5 11 = 1;
3

2 5
x;
3 6
2 5
3x + 5 = 1;
3 6

y=

6x +

10
x 55 = 1;
3

28
x = 56; x = 6;
3
2
y = 6 11 = 7.
3
: (6; 7).
4 x 5 y = 2
;
3 x + 3 y = 13

5 x + 6 y = 4
;
3 x + 5 y = 1

y=

10 25

x = 1;
3
6
7
7
x = ; x = 2;
6
3
2 5
y = 2 = 1.
3 6
: (2; 1).

3x +

3 x 7 y = 1
;
2 x + 3 y = 16

y = 0,8x + 0,4;
3x + 2 (0,8x + 0,4) = 13;
3x + 1,6x + 0,8 = 13;
4,6x = 13,8; x = 3;
y = 0,8 ( 3) + 0,4 = 2.
: ( 3; 2).
232

x = 1,5y + 8;
3 (8 1,5y) 7y = 1;
24 4,5y 7y = 1;
11,5 = 23; y = 2;
x = 1,5 2 + 8 = 5.
: (5;2).

 1091

4 ( x y ) = 2
)
;
3 x + 2 y = 5 2(x + y )

2( x + y ) = 8
14 3(x y ) = 5 y x

4(x y ) = 2

3 x + 2 y = 5 2 x 2 y
4(x y ) = 2

5 x = 4 y = 5

x + y = 4

14 3 x + 3 y =