W hats w rong w ith cem ent concrete?

M any concrete structures deteriorate after 20 years. C em ent production releases high am ounts of C O 2 to the atm osphere(1tonne of cem ent production releases 1tonne of C O 2) thus contributing to 7%of w orld C O 2 em issions. C em ent is one of the m ost energy intensive m aterial.

H owto reduce the use of cem ent

Partially replace the use of cem ent in concrete. exam ple: high volum e fly ash concrete

D evelop alternate m aterials. exam ple:G eopolym er concrete

Geopolymer Concrete
Hardened cementitious paste made from flyash and alkaline solution. Combines waste products into useful product. Setting mechanism depends on polymerization. Curing temp is between 60-90 degree celcious.

CONSTITUENTS OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

Source materials :

alumina-silicate

Alkaline liquids
combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium silicate or potassium silicate.

Preparation of geopolymer concrete

Fly ash
Alkaline activator NaOH + Na Silicate

Aggregate

Storage

Geopolymerisation

2.G eop olym er C on crete :P rocess

A lkaline solutions induce the S i and A l atom s in the source m aterials ,exam ple fly ash , to dissolve. G el form ation is assisted by apply ing heat. G el binds the aggregates ,and the unreacted source m aterial to formthe G eopolym er concrete.

MANUFACTURE OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

The aggregates are prepared in saturated-surface-dry (SSD) condition, and are kept in plastic buckets with lid

Dry Materials of Geopolymer Concrete

The fly ash and the aggregates are first mixed together dry in 80-litre capacity pan mixer

Pan Mixer Used in the Manufacture of Geopolymer Concrete

The liquid component of the mixture is then added to the dry materials and the mixing continued usually for another four minutes

Addition of Liquid Component

The fresh concrete could be handled up to 120 minutes without any sign of setting and without any degradation in the compressive strength

Fresh Geopolymer Concrete Ready for Placing

The workability of the fresh concrete was measured by means of the conventional slump test

Slump Measurement of Fresh Geopolymer Concrete

Boundary between Geopolymer binder , aggregate and reinforcement

ADVANTAGES
Cutting the worlds carbon. The price of fly ash is low. Better compressive strength. Fire proof. Low permeability. Eco-friendly. Excellent properties within both acid and salt environments.

4.A pplications of G P C
Pre-cast concrete products like railw ay sleepers,electric pow er poles etc. M arine structures W aste containm ents etc..

 Different source materials Properties of soluble silicate Contaminants Industry regulations New material

The reduced CO2 emissions of Geopolymer cements make them a good alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement. Produces a substance that is comparable to or better than traditional cements with respect to most properties. Geopolymer concrete has excellent properties within both acid and salt environments Low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete has excellent compressive strength and is suitable for Structural applications.

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