, , .

,
, . k = 0,
:
ln w = ln |w| + iarg w,

(10)

, (, ]:
< I(ln w) 6 .
,
ln 1 = 0,Ln1 = 2ki; ln(1) = i,Ln(1) = (2k + 1)i,
ln i = 2 i, Ln i =

4k+1
2 i

. .

w (10) -
Lnw.
k
Lnw = ln w+2ki.
, (10)
w ,
. w = 0 , w 0, ,
ln w .
w0 = u0 < 0. , , -
argw (- ]. w = u+vi w0
v > 0, argw = argw0 , v < 0, argw .
: ln w
: ln w+2i , .
, -
,
. , .

,
, .
, (
)
1
1
1
(ln w)0 = z 0 = z = .
(11)
(e )
e
w
w 1 + w, z = ln(l+w) (w 6= 1).
1

e =e

ln(1+w)

= 1+w = 1 +

P
n=1

zn
n! ,

w =

P
n=1

zn
n!

, ( )
w z = ln(1 + w) w :
z = w + c2 w2 + c3 w3 + . . . + cn wn + . . .
w :
[ln(1+w)]0 = 1 + 2c2 w + 3c3 w2 + . . . + ncn wn1 + . . . ;
, (11), :
[ln(1+w)]0 =

1
= 1 w + w2 . . . + (1)n1 wn1 + . . .
1+w

, ,
22 = 1, 3c3 = l, . . . ncn = (1)n1 ,

1
1
1
c2 = , c3 = , . . . , cn = (1)n1 , . . .
2
3
n
, , :
n
w2 w3
n1 w
+
. . . + (1)
+ ...
ln(w + 1) = w
2
3
n

(12)

, R = 1.
, z,
: ln(1 + w); |w| < 1 ?
(12)
ew

w2
w3
2 + 3 ...

=1+w

, . ,
|w| < 1 (12), ,
ln(1 + w); ,
.
|w| < 1, , 1+w,
l, w = l, arg(l+w) 2 2 ,
Arg(l + w)

 

5 3
9 7pi
,
, ,
,...
2
2
2
2
2

 

3 5
7 9pi
,
,
,
,...
2 2
2 2
(12) Arg(1+w) [. (9)].
w = u + vi arg(1+w), . .
2 2 ; , u v,
, , |w| < 1
arg(1+w). , (12)
|w| < 1. (12) w -w
(12), * :
w3
w2n1
1 1+w
ln
=w+
+ ... +
+ dots,
2 1w
3
2n 1

(13)

|w| < 1.
459. . [404 (12) (13)],
cos x sin x
:

2n
X
X
x2n1
nx
cos x = 1 +
(1)
, sin x =
(1)n1
.
2n!
(2n1)!
n=1
n=1
cos z sin z z
:
cos z = 1 +

X
n=1

nz

(1)

2n

2n!

, sin z =

(1)n1

n=1

z2n1
(2n1)!

(14)

z.
: 443
( ,
).
,
, , ,
.
,
. ,
z, 457 z = yi, , [. (5)]
ezi = cos z i sin z,
[. (7)]
cos z =

ezi + ezi
ezi ezi
, sin z =
.
2
2i

(15)

ln(1+w) ln(1w) ,
1+w
ln 1w


. [
(14).] ,
(15), ,
, 1) cos z sin z , 2k (k - ),
2) . (15) z = yi (),
cos yi =

ey ey
ey + ey
, sin yi =
i = i sh y
2
2

(16)

.
-
. , cos yi ,
.
, , ,
cos (x + yi) = cos x cos yi sin x sin yi,
sin (x + yi) = sin x cos yi+ cos x sin yi
[ (16)]
cos (x + yi) = cos x ch y i sin x sh y,
sin (x + yi) = sin x ch y + i cos x sh y,
.
tg z ctg z
 


sin z
1 ezi ezi
1
tg z =
= zi
z 6= k +
,
cos z
i e + ezi
2
cos z
ezi + ezi
= i zi
(z 6= k) ,
sin z
e ezi
.
, 449 tg ctg ,
z .
x ctg x cth ,
(16)
ctg z =

tg yi = i th y,

ctg yi = j cth y.

, ,
.
4

 , ,
, .
, w = tg z i (
, ). w 6= i;
1 e2zi 1
1 ezi ezi
= 2zi
=w
tg z = zi
i e + ezi
i e +1
z :
e2zi =

1 + wi
,
1 wi

z=

1 1 + wi
Ln
.
2i 1 wi

Arctg w, ,
Ln.
,
:
1 1 + wi
w(6= i),
arctg w = ln
2i 1 wi

,

2, 2 :

< R(arctg w) < .

2
2

Arctg w = arctg w + k

(k ).

(13) w wi,

2n1
w3
n1 w
arctg w = w + . . . + (1)
+ ...,
3
2n 1
|w| < 1* .
, ,
eiz eiz
sin z =
=w
2i
z :
e

2iz

iz

2wi e 1 = 0,

p
e = wi 1 w2 ,
iz

p
1
z = Arcsinw = Ln(wi 1 w2 );
i
*

w = i arctg w .

 .
:
p
1
z = ln(wi 1 w2 .
i
w = +1 - 1 0, , , z = 2
2 , .
w 6= 1, z. ,
p
p
2
(wi + 1 w )(wi 1 w2 ) = 1,

p
p
1
1
2
ln(wi + 1 w ) + ln(wi 1 w2 ) = ,
i
i
,




p
p
1
1
R
ln(wi + 1 w2 ) + R
ln(wi 1 w2 ) = ,
i
i
. (, ] ,
2 2 ;
. ,
2 2 ; ,
* . ,

6 R(arcsin w) 6 ;
2
2

, :
Arcsin w = arcsin w + 2kn,
Arcsin w = (2k + 1) arcsin w
(k - ).
, arcsin w w.
,
2n1
x3
n1 x
y =x
+ . . . + (1)
+ ...
3!
(2n 1)!

[ sin x],
1 y3 1 3 y5
(2n 1)!! y 2n+1
x=y+
+

+ ... +
+ ...
2 3
24 5
2n!! 2n + 1
*

,arcsin 2 =

+ i ln(2 +

3)

[ arcsin y; . 440, 3)].

, ,

w=z

z 2n1
z3 z5
+ + . . . + (1)n1
+ ...
3! 5!
(2n 1)!

(2n 1)!! w2n+1
1 w3 1 3 w5
+

+ ... +

+ ...
z=w+
2 3
24 5
2n!!
2n + 1
R = l* ; |w| < l Arcsin e.
, arcsin w.
|R(z)|
|z| < 1 +

1 1 13 1
(2n 1)!!
1

+
+ ... +

+ ... = ,
2 3 24 5
2n!!
2n + 1
2

.
460. . a b ,
a 6= 0. ab
ab = ebLn

a+2ki

(k ),

. k = 0

ab = eb ln a .
, , :
((a))b .
((a))b = ab e2kbi

(k ).

b , :
. b
Pq (q > 1), q .
, b
.
,
2i = ei ln
*

= cos (ln 2) + I sin (ln 2),

((2))i = 2i e2k

1
w 1 : 1w
.
2

(k ),

ii = ei ln i = e 2 ,

((i))i = e(4k+1) 2

(k ).

m ,
((z))m . (z 6= 0)*
z m = emln x .

(l + z)m = emln(1+z)
, n 447, 2),
(1 + z)m = 1 + mz +

m(m 1) 2
m(m 1) . . . (m n + 1) n
z + ... +
z + ...
12
1 2 ... n

m, |z| < 1* , ,
,
. .
461. . n ,

.
1) y = x21+1 ,
:


1
1
1
y=

.
2i x i x + i
,
yn 1 =

1
n1
(n
2i (1)

1)!

1
(xi)n

1
(x+i)n

(1)n1 (n 1)! (x + i)n (x i)n

=
2i
(x2 + 1)n
h
i
(1)n1 (n1)!
n(n2)(n2) n3
n1
= (x2 +1)n nx

x
+ ... .
123

,


1
x2 + 1

(4)

5x4 10x2 + 1
= 24
.
(x2 + 1)5

, ,
arctg [. 116, 8) 118, 4)]. 2) ,
*

z = 0 z m = 0, R(m) > 0
*
z = 1 (1 + z)m , ;
, m 0 .

 , .
,
s=

n
X

cos kx,


   :
n
n
P
P
xi
(n+1)xi
xi
e(n1)xi
=
s = 21
+ e 1e
ekxi + ekxi = 12 e e
xi
1exi
1

1
2

1
2 xi

12 xi

(n+ 21 )xi

12 xi

e
1
2

1
2 xi

1
2i

(n+ 21 )xi

1
2 xi

e 2 xi

!
=

 1


1
1
1
1
e(n+ 2 )xi e(n+ 2 )xi 2i
e 2 xi e 2 xi
 1

1
1
2 xi e 2 xi
e
2i

sin(n+ 12 )x
2 sin 12 x

12 .

3) sin x cos x,

. , -
n

 xi
 xi
e exi
e + exi
n
n
,...
sin x =
, cos x =
2i
2
. ,
1
sin5 x = 32i
(e5xi 5e3xi + 10exi 10exi + 5e3xi e5xi ) =


e3xi e3xi
exi exi
1
1 e5xi e5xi
=
5
+ 10
= (sin 5x5 sin 3x+10sin x);
16
2i
2i
2i
16
 xi xi 4  xi xi 3
3
e e
4
cos x sin x = e +e
=
2
2i

=
=
=

1
(e2xi e2xi )(exi + exi ) =
128i

1
(e6xi 3e2xi + 3e2xi e6xi)(exi + exi ) =
128i

1
(e7xi + e5xi e3xi exi + 3exi + 3e3xi e5xi e7xi ) =
128i
1
= 64
(sin 7x + sin 5x 3 sin 3x 3 sin x).

:
9

()

sin2v x =

(1)v
22v1 {{cos

2vx 2v cos(2v 2)x+

+ 2v(2v1)
12

() sin2v+1 x =

(1)v
22v {{sin

()

cos x =

1
2n1

(2v + 1)x (2v + 1) sin(2v 1)x+

+ (2v+1)2v
12

cos(2v 4)x . . . +

(1)v 2v(2v1)...(v+1)
2
12...v

sin(2v 3)x . . . +

cos nx n cos(n 2)x +

(1)v (2v+1)2v...(v+2)
12...v

+ n(n1)
12

cos(n 4)x + . . .

o
sin x ,
o

()
(2v + 1)2v . . . (v + 2)
1 2v(2v 1) . . . (v + 1)
,
cos x,
2
1 2...v
1 2...v
, n = 2v 2v + 1.
[. 287].
4)
(
).
:
Z
Z
eax cos bxdx,
eax sin bxdx
:
Z
Z
eax (cos bx + i sin bx)dx = e(a+bi)x dx,
- -
1
cos bx + i sin bx ax a cos bxb sin bx ex
a sin bx b cos bx ex
e(a+bi)x =
e =
e +i
e .
2
2
a + bi
a + bi
a +b
a2 + b 2
, [.
271, 6)].

Z
P (x) eax dx,
() - [271, 4)],
a.
Z
Z
P (x) cos bxdx,
P (x) sin bxdx
10

P (x)eax cos bxdx,

R(x)eax sin bxdx

[271, 4); 289].

5) , , . ,

Z
Z
1
xa
dx
1
x
dx
=
ln

=
arctg
x 2 a2
2a x + a
x2 + a2
a
a

Z
Z
p
dx
dx
x

= arcsin
= ln(x + a2 + x2 )
a
a2 x2
a2 + x 2
xi.
6) ,
.
() , |z| < 1,

X
z
=
zn
1z
n=1
z = r(cos + i sin ).

rn (cos n + i sin n),

n=1

-
r(cos + i sin )
r cos r2
r sin
=
+
i.
(1 r cos ) ir sin
1 2r cos + r2 1 2r cos + r2

( r ), :

X
cos r
=
rn1 cos n,
2
1 2r cos + r
n=1

X
sin
=
rn1 sin n
2
1 2r cos + r
n=1
[. 440,11)].
11

() :
ln(1 z) =

X
zn
n=1

(|z| < 1),

r < 1 [. 440,11)]

X
1
cos n
2
ln(1 2r cos + r ) =
rn
,
2
n
n=1

X sin n
r sin
arctg
=
rn
.
1 r cos n=1
n
; [385, 2)], ,
[437, 6], 1 .
-* 1 - 0. : In (2 - 2 cos ) = In 2 sin
,
I I -) - : arctg ctg = arctg tg 1 = . ,
In 2 sin =-Z . =2 2 i n 2 i Z . 2( 2 n=i n 2 n=i [

.] 7) 447, 8) l 2>()" () . -1 +1, x = cos0:
L (l-2acose+a) ! =1+ 2 (cos)-". =1

12