1

:
Cavendish

, ,
Cavendish,
.


.

,

, ,
:

FG = G

m1 m2
er
r2

(1)

m1 m2
,
r. G
,
.
G = 6.6742(10) 10-11 m3kg-1s-2

Cavendish .

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, ,
. ,
.
, ,
(. ).



.


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1.: , ,
.

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, , ,
.
,
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.

, ,
,
.

,
.
,
.
(3-5) .
,

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, Laser.
, ,
.

.

1.:

:
: M = 1500 g 10g
: m = 38.3 g 0.2 g
r = 9.53 mm
R = 31.9 mm
: = 50.0 mm
() - : r = 56.5 mm
(
)

: 11.4 mm
,
:
260 mm 0.017 x 0.150 mm.

2.:

2 :

. , 1 2
. 3.
,
,
.
:
D = 2 [d F ]
(2)
D .
.
, 1
2,
=2.

3.:

(1) (2) :

a = 2 = 4

d F 4 d k1 M m
=
[ ] G
D
D
r2

(3)

m D

, :

T = 2

I
D

(4)

, , ,
(5)
: I = 2 m d 2
(4) (5) :

m
1 T 2
[ ] = [
]
D
8 d

(6)

(3)

G=

2 d r 2 k2
[
] a
M
T
k1

(7)

k2 k1
( )

.

4.:

Laser
.

=2
Laser ,
,
L. S1S2
, () 1 2,
2.
S1S2 S1
S2, 1 2,

tan 2 2=

(8)

S
2 L

(9)

(7) G
:

G=

d r 2 k2 S
[
]
M
T
k1 L

(10)

(10)
G,
a ,
, ,
,
, r d
.

, .

, ,
,
M , :

F =G

mM

R2

g =G

M
R2

g = 9,80 m/s2, :

M =

g 2
R
G

M
M
=
4
V
R3
3

(11,12)

R = 6370 km,

1.
, ,

,
.

.
2.
,

( ).

5.:

Laser ,
.
3. L () .
4. Laser
30 sec,

( ),
.
30 min.
5.
. ,
,
, .
6. , ,
.
7. ,

S1 S2 ,
,

VideoCom,
.

s [cm]

t [s]

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

10

20

s [cm]

t [s]

Laser

, 5,
, ,
,
s = S2 S1 ,
.


.
S
:

S=

1
(h1 + 2h2 + h3 )
4

(13)

h1 , h2 h3 ( ) ,

.

6.: Laser
S T .


, ,
Origin.

10

k1 k2.
k1 k2
(10)
, .

G.

(10) k2/k1

G.

G = 6.6742(10) 10-11 m3kg-1s-2
G = .

10

 11

F1
, , F2
, ,
.

5.:

F2 F2S :

mM
mM
= G 2 (sin ) 2
2
r
s
mM
= F2 sin = G 2 (sin ) 3
r

F2 = G

(14)

F2 S

(15)

F = F1 F2 S = G

mM
(1 (sin )3 )
r2

(16)

k1 :

k1 = (1 (sin )3 ) = 1 [ 1 + (

F = k1 G

mM
r2

2d 2
)
r

]3

(17)

(18)

12

Steiner () .
:
I = 2 m (d 2 + 2 / 5 r 2 )
(19)

k2

T 2 = k2 T0

(20)

, ,
, , .

12

 13

M VideoCom
VideoCom



,
Laser
.

2048
(CCD array),

(
50 mm)
.

.

USB ,


.

2048 .

,
.
,
.

, ,

s=f(t), .
,
Laser
, (.
).
, .

14

3..: (printscreen)
.

txt, ,
Excel, Origin .

Origin
Origin (file import import
wizard Data Source-file) ,
VideoCom.
, y-.
-, ,
, set
Column Values i 0,2 .
, 1
.
plot ,
. 0,2

,
5 (

14

 15

).
.

)
(best fit) b)
,
() .