Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity in Children

Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity in Children Casey Trimble, A426389 3 Psycholo!y 32"# $ealth Psycholo!y %r& $arrell 13 'ovember 2"12

(rie) Pro*osal

Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity in Children

Physical activity is very im*ortant to start at a early a!e& +nstillin! !ood health habits in children ,ill lead to better health later in li)e& -any )actors contribute to this but the )ocus o) this study is to evaluate ho, socioeconomic status in)luences *hysical activity in children and adolescents& Children ,hom have !ro,n u* in a lo, socioeconomic household are more li.ely to be less active& /o, socioeconomic status is )ound to contribute to more hours ,atchin! television, and less time *layin! outside because o) unsa)e nei!hborhoods& This study ,ill ta.e *lace in /ansin! Public Schools& Surveys ,ill be sent home ,ith one child o) each household, that has children ran!in! )rom 601 years o) a!e, )or *arents to hel* )ill out& As an assentive to brin! them bac. re,ards ,ill be !iven ,hen returned& The surveys ,ill include 1uestions about *arents income, ty*e o) nei!hborhood, availability to be active, child2s en3oyment in bein! active, hours bein! *hysically active, *artici*ation ,ith or!ani4ed s*orts, and hours ,atchin! television& + *redict that the studies are true and that lo, socioeconomic status is related to *hysical inactivity& +) my hy*othesis )inds true, + ,ould create a intervention to hel* reduce sedentary behaviors in children in lo, economic nei!hborhoods& Physical activity is lin.ed to academic achievements, the li.ely hood to be *hysically )it later in li)e, and *revention o) health *roblems& The intervention ,ould include an a)ter school activity *ro!ram once a ,ee.& To !et students to *artici*ate, in)ormational ne,sletters ,ill be sent out to *arents via email or mail about the )ree *ro!ram& +t ,ill include !ames to !et children to be more active and learn ho, to en3oy *hysical activities& 5lyers about ,ays to !et their children to be more active and s*end less time ,atchin! television ,ill be !iven to *arents as they *ic. their children u* each ,ee.& This intervention2s *ur*ose is to !ive children a ,ay to be more active in a sa)e environment&

Annotated (iblio!ra*hy (en!oechea, 6& 7&, Sabiston, C& -&, Ahmed, 8&, 5arnoush, -& 92"1":& 6;*lorin! /in.s to <nor!ani4ed and =r!ani4ed Physical Activity %urin! Adolescence# The 8ole o) 7ender,

Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity in Children

Socioeconomic Status, >ei!ht Status, and 6n3oyment o) Physical 6ducation& 8esearch ?uarterly )or 6;ercise and S*ort, 81, 016& 8etrieved )rom htt*#@ e4*ro;y&msu&edu&*ro;y1&cl&msu&edu&*ro;y2&cl&msu&edu@lo!inAurlBhtt*#@@ search&*ro1uest&com&*ro;y1&cl&msu&edu&*ro;y2&cl&msu&edu@docvie,@218C"6362A accountidB12C98 This article e;*lains the reasons *hysical activity is im*ortant )or children2s health& The researchers used a 1uestionnaire to intervie, *artici*ants& + ,ill use their idea o) a 1uestionnaire to survey *artici*ants usin! their 1uestions as a !uide on ,hat ty*e o) 1uestions ,ill be on the survey& Po,ell, /& -&, Slater, S&, Chalou*.a, 5& D&, $ar*er, %& 92""6:& Availability o) Physical Activity08elated 5acilities and 'ei!hborhood %emo!ra*hic and Socioeconomic Characteristics# A 'ational Study& American Journal of Public Health, 96, 16 60 168"& 8etrieved )rom htt*#@@e4*ro;y&msu&edu&*ro;y1&cl&msu&edu&*ro;y2&cl&msu&edu@lo!inA urlBhtt*#@@search&*ro1uest&com&*ro;y1&cl&msu&edu&*ro;y2&cl&msu&edu@docvie,@ 21C"8 1"AaccountidB12C98

This article *roves that in lo, socioeconomic nei!hborhood there is less *laces )or *eo*le to ,or. out and )eel sa)e doin! it& The researchers )ound that *eo*le ,ho live in lo, socioeconomic status nei!hborhood had less *hysical activity rates& + ,ill use this in my *ro*osal use this to *rove my hy*othesis and hel* me in)luence others to *artici*ate in an intervention& Children deserve a sa)e ,ay to be *hysically active&

Si!nh, 7& E&, Eo!an, -& %&, Siah*ush, -&, Fan %yc., P& C& 92""8:& +nde*endent and Doint 6))ects o) Socioeconomic, (ehavioral, and 'ei!hborhood Characteristics on Physical +nactivity and Activity /evels Amon! <S Children and Adolescents& Journal of Community Health, 33, 2"60216& doi#1"&1"" @s1"9""0""809"9

There is a lot o) !ood statistic in this article about )actors that relate to socioeconomic status and *hysical activity& The researchers )ound that children ,ho live in *overty, have lo,

Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity in Children

nei!hborhood sa)ety, use more electronic devices, !et less slee*, and have *arents ,ho are not active are more li.ely to be *hysically inactive& + ,ill use this to bac. u* my hy*othesis and hel* !ive s*eci)ic details that determine *hysical activity in children& Sevens, T& A&, To, G& Stevenson, S& D&, /ochbaum, -& 8& The +m*ortance o) Physical Activity and Physical 6ducation in the Prediction o) Academic Achievement& Journal of Sport Behavior, 31, 3680388& 8etrieved )rom

htt*#@@e4*ro;y&msu&edu&*ro;y1&cl&msu&edu&*ro;y2&cl&msu&edu @lo!inAurlBhtt*#@@ search&*ro1uest&com&*ro;y1&cl&msu&edu&*ro;y2&cl&msu&edu@

docvie,@21C8 "28"AaccountidB12C98 This article sho, ho, socioeconomic status in)luences *hysical activity ,hich hel*s increase academic achievement, concentration, and *artici*ation is school& + ,ill use this in my *ro*osal to demonstrate ho, a intervention can hel* students increase their health but also their academics ,hich could lead to a success)ul )uture& Tandon, P& S&, Hhou, C&, Sallis, D& 5&, Cain, E& /&, 5ran., /& %&, Saelens, (& 6& 92"12:& $ome environment relationshi*s ,ith children2s *hysical activity, sedentary time, and screen time by socioeconomic status& International Journal of Behavioral Activity, 9, 8809 & doi#1"&1186@14 90C86809088 utrition an!

Phy"ical

+n this article it sho,s ho, lo, economic status is associated ,ith hi!her rates o) sedentary behaviors due to more electronic media use& + ,ill use this article in my *ro*osal to su**ort my hy*othesis& +t !ives many !ood e;am*les ,hy children )rom lo, socioeconomic status homes do not !et as much *hysical activity than other children&

A**endi; (en!oechea, 6& 7&, Sabiston, C& -&, Ahmed, 8&, 5arnoush, -& 92"1":& 6;*lorin! /in.s to <nor!ani4ed and =r!ani4ed Physical Activity %urin! Adolescence# The 8ole o) 7ender, Socioeconomic Status, >ei!ht Status, and 6n3oyment o) Physical 6ducation& 8esearch ?uarterly )or 6;ercise and S*ort, 81, 016& 8etrieved )rom htt*#@@e4*ro;y&msu&edu&*ro;y1

Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity in Children

&cl&msu&edu&*ro;y2&cl&msu&edu@lo!inAurlBhtt*#@@search&*ro1uest&com& *ro;y1&cl& msu&edu& *ro;y2&cl&msu&edu@docvie,@218C"6362A accountidB12C98

There is limited research on *artici*ation conte;t in studies o) *hysical activity correlates durin! adolescence& <sin! an ecolo!ical a**roach, this study e;*lored the association o) !ender, socioeconomic status 9S6S:, ,ei!ht status, and *hysical education en3oyment ,ith *artici*ation in or!ani4ed and unor!ani4ed *hysical activity conte;ts in a re*resentative sam*le o) Canadian adolescents& %ra,in! on data )rom the 'ational /on!itudinal Survey o) Children and Gouth 9Cycle 3:, ,e conducted multi*le lo!istic re!ression analyses to model the associations amon! the variables o) interest& 7irls *artici*ated less )re1uently in unor!ani4ed *hysical activities than boys 9ad3usted odds ratios IA=8sJ ran!in! )rom "&C to "&6C, 9CK con)idence intervals IC+sJ ran!e# "&460"& 2 to "&C20"&81:& Adolescents in the middle and hi!h S6S cate!ories *artici*ated more in or!ani4ed *hysical activity than their *eers in the lo, S6S cate!ory 9A=8 B 1&4"01&8 , C+ B 1&"601&84 to 1&4102&4 :& =bese adolescents ,ere !enerally less active than their over,ei!ht and normal ,ei!ht counter*arts, *articularly in unor!ani4ed *hysical activity conte;ts 9A=8 B "&630"&66, C+ B "&430"&92 to "&440"&99:& Physical education en3oyment ,as consistently correlated ,ith *artici*ation in or!ani4ed and unor!ani4ed *hysical activity ,hen all variables ,ere considered 9A=8 B 1&C803&98, C+B 1&2202&"C to 3&140C&"3:& IP<(/+CAT+=' A(ST8ACTJ Po,ell, /& -&, Slater, S&, Chalou*.a, 5& D&, $ar*er, %& 92""6:& Availability o) Physical Activity08elated 5acilities and 'ei!hborhood %emo!ra*hic and Socioeconomic Characteristics# A 'ational Study& American Journal of Public Health, 96, 16 60 168"& 8etrieved )rom htt*#@@e4*ro;y&msu&edu&*ro;y1&cl&msu&edu&*ro;y2&cl&msu&edu@lo!inA urlBhtt*#@@search&*ro1uest&com&*ro;y1&cl&msu&edu&*ro;y2&cl&msu&edu@docvie,@ 21C"8 1"AaccountidB12C98

>e e;amined associations bet,een nei!hborhood demo!ra*hic characteristics and the availability o) commercial *hysical activity0related outlets by 4i* code across the <nited States& -ultivariate analyses ,ere conducted to assess the availability o) 4 ty*es o) outlets# 91: *hysical )itness )acilities, 92: membershi* s*orts and recreation clubs, 93: dance )acilities, and 94: *ublic !ol) courses& Commercial outlet data ,ere lin.ed by 4i* code to <S Census (ureau *o*ulation and socioeconomic data& 8esults sho,ed that commercial *hysical activity0related )acilities ,ere less li.ely to be *resent in lo,er0income nei!hborhoods and in nei!hborhoods ,ith hi!her *ro*ortions o) A)rican American residents, residents ,ith $is*anic ethnicity, and residents o) other racial minority bac.!rounds& +n addition, these nei!hborhoods had )e,er such )acilities available& /ac. o) availability o) )acilities that enable and *romote *hysical activity may, in *art, under*in the lo,er levels o) activity observed amon! *o*ulations o) lo, socioeconomic status and minority bac.!rounds&

Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity in Children

Si!nh, 7& E&, Eo!an, -& %&, Siah*ush, -&, Fan %yc., P& C& 92""8:& +nde*endent and Doint 6))ects o) Socioeconomic, (ehavioral, and 'ei!hborhood Characteristics on Physical +nactivity and Activity /evels Amon! <S Children and Adolescents& Journal of Community Health, 33, 2"60216& doi#1"&1"" @s1"9""0""809"9

This study e;amines the inde*endent and 3oint associations bet,een several socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics and *hysical activity 9PA: and inactivity *revalence amon! 68,288 <S children a!ed 601 years& The 2""3 'ational Survey o) ChildrenLs $ealth ,as used to estimate PA *revalence& -ultivariate lo!istic re!ression ,as used to estimate odds o) activity and inactivity and ad3usted *revalence, ,hile least s1uares re!ression ,as used to model mean number o) days o) *hysical inactivity 9P+A: in *ast month& The *revalence o) PA varied substantially by socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics, ,ith older, )emale, non06n!lish s*ea.in!, and metro*olitan children and those ,ith lo,er socioeconomic status 9S6S: and nei!hborhood social ca*ital havin! hi!her inactivity and lo,er activity levels& Children ,ho ,atched television M3 h@day had 6"K hi!her ad3usted odds o) P+A and 3"K lo,er odds o) PA than those ,ho ,atched television N3 h@day& Children e;*eriencin! inade1uate slee* durin! the entire ,ee. had CCK hi!her odds o) P+A and 29K lo,er odds o) PA than those ,ho e;*erienced MC ni!hts o) ade1uate slee* durin! the ,ee.& Children ,hose both *arents ,ere *hysically inactive had 14 K hi!her odds o) P+A and 46K lo,er odds o) PA than children ,hose *arents ,ere both *hysically active& %i))erentials in P+A by ethnicity, S6S, television vie,in!, and *arental inactivity ,ere !reater )or youn!er than )or older children& Sub!rou*s such as older, )emale adolescents, children )rom socially disadvanta!ed households and nei!hborhoods, and those in metro*olitan areas should be tar!eted )or the *romotion o) re!ular *hysical activity and reduced television vie,in! time& IP<(/+CAT+=' A(ST8ACTJ Sevens, T& A&, To, G& Stevenson, S& D&, /ochbaum, -& 8& The +m*ortance o) Physical Activity and Physical 6ducation in the Prediction o) Academic Achievement& Journal of Sport Behavior, 31, 3680388& 8etrieved )rom

htt*#@@e4*ro;y&msu&edu&*ro;y1&cl&msu&edu&*ro;y2&cl&msu&edu @lo!inAurlBhtt*#@@ search&*ro1uest&com&*ro;y1&cl&msu&edu&*ro;y2&cl&msu&edu@

docvie,@21C8 "28"AaccountidB12C98 The *ur*ose o) the *resent investi!ation ,as to determine the inde*endent contributions o) *hysical activity not associated ,ith structured *hysical education and school based *hysical education *artici*ation to academic achievement in children& Prior academic achievement and socioeconomic status ,ere also e;amined& 6lementary school *artici*ants ,ere selected )rom the 6arly Childhood /on!itudinal Study0Einder!arten database& Structural e1uation models ,ere constructed )or both mathematics 9boys, n B 3,226O !irls, n B 3,2C6: and readin! achievement

Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity in Children 9boys, n B 3,16 O !irls, n B 3,226:& Physical activity ,as si!ni)icantly and *ositively related to both mathematics and readin! achievement in boys and !irls& Physical education *artici*ation ,as not si!ni)icantly related to achievement& Socioeconomic status accounted )or a**ro;imately 26K o) the *hysical activity& 5uture lon!itudinal research is discussed that incor*orates more com*rehensive *hysical activity and achievement variables& IP<(/+CAT+=' A(ST8ACTJ Tandon, P& S&, Hhou, C&, Sallis, D& 5&, Cain, E& /&, 5ran., /& %&, Saelens, (& 6& 92"12:& $ome environment relationshi*s ,ith children2s *hysical activity, sedentary time, and screen time by socioeconomic status& International Journal of Behavioral Activity, 9, 8809 & doi#1"&1186@14 90C86809088 utrition an!

Phy"ical

(ac.!round# Children in households o) lo,er socioeconomic status 9S6S: are more li.ely to be over,ei!ht@obese& >e aimed to determine i) home *hysical activity 9PA: environments di))ered by S6S and to e;*lore home environment mediators o) the relation o) )amily S6S to childrenLs PA and sedentary behavior& -ethods# Partici*ants ,ere 1C children a!ed 6 to 11 )rom the 'ei!hborhood +m*act on Eids 9'+E: Study& $ousehold S6S ,as e;amined usin! hi!hest educational attainment and income& $ome environment ,as measured by *arent re*ort on a survey& =utcomes ,ere childLs accelerometer0measured PA and *arent0re*orted screen time& -ediation analyses ,ere conducted )or home environment )actors that varied by S6S& 8esults# Children )rom lo,er income households had !reater media access in their bedrooms 9TF C2K vs& 14K, %F% *layer 39K vs& 14K, video !ames 21K vs& 9K: but lo,er access to *ortable *lay e1ui*ment 9bi.es 8CK vs& 98K, 3um* ro*es 69K vs& 83K: com*ared to hi!her income children& /o,er S6S )amilies had more restrictive rules about PA 92&C vs& 2&":& Across S6S, children ,atched TF@%F%s ,ith *arents@siblin!s more o)ten than they en!a!ed in PA ,ith them& Parents o) lo,er S6S ,atched TF@%F%s ,ith their children more o)ten 93&1 vs& 2&C days@,ee.:& 'either total daily and home0based -FPA nor sedentary time di))ered by S6S& ChildrenLs daily screen time varied )rom 1& hours@day in hi!h S6S to 2&4 in lo, S6S )amilies& -edia in the bedroom ,as related to screen time, and screen time ,ith *arents ,as a mediator o) the S6S00screen time relationshi*& Conclusions# /o,er S6S home environments *rovided more o**ortunities )or sedentary behavior and )e,er )or PA& 8emovin! electronic media )rom childrenLs bedrooms has the *otential to reduce dis*arities in chronic disease ris.