Chapter 7 Exercise 7A

Q. 1.

NEW
(i) _____ = e
OLD
p
3
____ = ___
5
10
p = 6 m/s
_

__

1
1
(iv) Loss = __Mu2 __Mv2
2
2
1
1
__
= (1)(49) __(1)(16)
2
2
1
= 16 __ J
2

= 2(6j ) 2(10j )
_

= 32j Ns
1
(iii) K.E.before = __(2)(10)2
2
= 100 J
1
K.E.after = __ (2)(6)2
2
= 36 J

Q
Q. 4.

(i) v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = 02 + 2(9.8)(10)
_

= 84j Ns
1
1
(iii) Loss = __Mu2 __Mv2
2
2
1
1
__
2
= (6)(14) __(6)(0)2
2
2
= 588 J

___

(ii) l = Mv Mu

= (0.2)(10) (0.2)(20)
= 2 + 4 = 6 Ns
1
(iii) K.E.before = __(0.2)(20)2
2
= 40 J
1
K.E.after = __(0.2)(10)2
2
= 10 J
Loss = 40 10
= 30 J
Q. 3.

___

___

NEW
(i) _____ = e
OLD
v
____ = 0.5
20
v = 10 m/s
__

__

= (6)(0 ) (6)(14j )

= 64 J

v = 14 m/s

(ii) l = Mv Mu

Loss = 100 36

Q. 2.

= 11j Ns

___

___

= (1)(4j ) (1)(7j )

The new velocity = 6j m/s

(ii) l = Mv Mu

__

(iii) l = Mv Mu

(i) To find speed at impact:

v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = 02 + 2(9.8)(2.5)
v = 7 m/s
NEW
(ii) _____ = e
OLD
p
4
___ = __
7
7
p=4
= 4 m/s

Q. 5.
Q

(i) u = 0, a = 9.8, s = 22.5

________

v = u2 + 2as

______________

= 0 + 2(9.8)(22.5)
= 21 m/s
NEW
(ii) _____ = e
OLD
v1
5
____ = __
7
21
v1 = 15 m/s
__

__

__

(iii) I = Mv 1 Mv

= (0.1)(15) (0.1)(21)
= 3.6 Ns
1
(iv) K.E.before = __(0.1)(21)2
2
= 22.05 J
1
K.E.after = __(0.1)(15)2
2
= 11.25 J
Loss = 22.05 11.25
= 10.8 J

Q. 6.

(i) Before
_

(Mass)

After

2kg

5i + pj

5i 8j

__

NEW
_____

= e
OLD
p
3
___ = __
4
8
p=6

Ans = 5i + 6j

1
1
1
1
(ii) __Mu2 __Mv2 = __(2)(25 + 64) __(2)(25 + 36)
2
2
2
2
= 28 J
_

__

___

(iii) l = Mv Mu
_

= 2(5i + 6j ) 2(5i 8j )
_

= 28j Ns
Q. 7.

(i) Before
_

(Mass)

8i 15j
NEW
_____

0.2 kg

1
(ii) K.E.before = __(4)(64 + 36)
2
= 200 J

After

__

8i + pj

1
K.E.after = __(4)(64 + 16)
2
= 160 J

= e

OLD
p
2
____ = __
5
15
5p = 30 p = 6
_

40
100
% Loss = ____ ____
200
1

= 20%

New velocity = 8i + 6j m/s

___________

6 3
(iii) tan A = __ = __,
8 4

(ii) Speed before = 82 + (15)2

= 17 m/s
Speed after =

82

Fall in speed = 17 10
= 7 m/s
(iii) K.E.before =

1
__

(0.2)(17)2

2
= 28.9 J
1
K.E.after = __(0.2)(10)2
2
= 10 J
Loss = 28.9 10
= 18.9 J

Q. 8.

NEW
(i) _____ = e
OLD
4
___ = e
6
2
e = __
3

2
2
= __ = __
tan A _3 3

62

= 10 m/s

_
1

tan B
_____

_______

4 1
tan B = __ = __
8 2

Q. 9.

(i) Before
_

(Mass)

4i + 3j

0.2

After

__

pi + 3j

NEW
_____

= e
OLD
p
__ = 0.75
4
p = 3

__

__

Velocity after impact = 3i + 3j m/s

1
(ii) K.E.before = __(0.2)(42 + 32)
2
= 2.5 J
1
K.E.after = __(0.2)((3)2 + 32)
2
= 1.8 J
Loss = 2.5 1.8
= 0.7 J
0.7
% loss = ___ 100 = 28%
2.5

Q. 10.

(i) u = 0, a = 9.8, s = 40

(i) u = 0, a = g, s = h

Q
Q. 11.

________

________

v = u2 + 2as

v = u2 + 2as

_____________

________

= 0 + 2(9.8)(40)

= 0 + 2gh

= 28 m/s

= 2gh

____

(ii) Let v1 = speed directly after impact

with ground.

(ii) Let v1 = the speed with which it first

rises from the ground.
NEW
_____

NEW
_____

= e
OLD
v1
1
____
= __
2
28

v1 = 14 m/s

v2

0 2e2gh
= _________ = e2h
2g

__

(Mass)

After

v cos Bi + v sin Bj

u cos Ai + u sin Aj
u cos A = u cos B
OLD

v=0

u2

s = _______
2a

= 10 m

NEW
_____

____

____

0 142
= _______
2(9.8)

__

= e

(iii) u = e 2gh , a = g,

v2 u2
s = _______
2a

Before

____

2gh

= e

v1 = e 2gh

(iii) u = 14, a = 9.8, v = 0

Q. 12.

OLD
v1
_______

__

__

Equation 1 (i -velocity remains the same)

= e

u sin B
________ = e
u sin A
eu sin A = u sin B

Equation 2

Dividing 2 by 1 gives : e tan A = tan B

tan B
e = _____
tan A
Q. 13.

()

__

()

___
3
4
(i) u = 20 __ i 20 __ j
5
5
_

__________

New Speed = 144 + 144

__

= 12i 16j

= 12 2 m/s

__

___

(ii) l = Mv Mu

10

= M(12i + 12j ) M(12i 16j )

__

= 28Mj Ns

Before
_

12i 16j
NEW
_____

(Mass)

After

12i + pj

= e
OLD
p
3
____ = __ p = 12
4
16
_
_
New Velocity = 12i + 12j

__

Magnitude = 28M Ns
1
1
(iii) __Mu2 __ Mv2
2
2
1
1
__
= M(144 + 256) __M(144 + 144)
2
2
= 56M J

(iv)

___

u = 25 cos Ai 25 sin Aj

New path

= 24i 7j
B
A=

Before

(Mass)

After

24i 7j

0.1

24i + pj

4
tan-1 3

NEW
_____

tan B = 1

= e
OLD
p
3
___ = __
7
7

B = 45

New Velocity = 24i + 3j

tan A + tan B
tan (A + B) = ______________
1 tan A tan B

New Speed = 242 + 32

tan B =

12
___
12

__

()

___

(i)

Magnitude = 1 Ns
1
(iii) K.E.before = __(0.1)(242 + (7)2)
2
= 31.25 J

1
K.E.after = __(0.1)(242 + 32)
2
= 29.25 J

7
tan A = ___
24

Loss = 31.25 29.25

24
cos A = ___
25

7
sin A = ___
25

=2J

Before

__

After

u sin q = v cos q

NEW
_____

v cos qi + u sin qj

i velocity is unchanged

u sin q = v cos q

= u sin qi u cos qj

v = v cos qi + v sin qj

(Mass)

u sin qi u cos qj

u = u cos (90 q)i u sin (90 q))j

90 q

____

Equation 1

= e
OLD
v sin q
2
_________ = ___
3
u cos q
3v sin q = 2u cos q Equation 2

= 0.1(24i + 3j ) 0.1(24i 7j )
= 1j Ns

= 24.2 m/s

__

(ii) I = Mv Mu

tan (A + B) = 7 (Since A + B > 90)

Q. 15.

________

_
4
3+1
= 7
= _________
1 _43 (1)

Q. 14.

p=3

Dividing 2 by 1 gives:
3v ___
2u
___
u = v
2
v2 = __u2
3
21
__
1
__
2
Mv = __Mu2
32
2
2
__
of the energy is preserved.
3
1
__
of the energy has been lost.
3

Exercise 7B
Q. 1.

velocities
after impact are 5i m/s
_
and i m/s

(i) Before

(Mass)

After

6i

pi

4i

qi

_
_

speeds after impact are 5 m/s and

1 m/s

__

__

___

(ii) I = Mv Mu

2(6) + 1(4) = 2(p) + 1(q)

= 7i Ns

impulse imparted to
first sphere

2p + q = 16 Equation 1

Impulse imparted to
_
second sphere = 7i Ns

pq
______

1
= __
2
64

Magnitude of impulse imparted to

each sphere = 7 Ns.

2p 2q = 2
p q = 1 Equation 2

1
1
(iii) K.E.before = __(1)(2)2 + __(1)(6)2
2
2
= 20 J
1
1
K.E.after = __(1)(5)2 + __(1)(1)2
2
2
= 13 J

Adding equations 1 and 2 we get:

3p = 15
p=5 q=6
Velocity
of 2 kg sphere after impact
_

Loss = 20 13

is 5i m/s

=7J

Velocity
of 1 kg sphere after impact is
_

7
% Loss = ___ 100 = 35%
20

6i m/s
(ii)

1
1
K.E.before = __(2)(6)2 + __(1)(4)2
2
2
= 44 J
K.E.after =

1
__

(2)(5)2

2
= 43 J

1
__
2

Q. 3.
Q

(i) Before

(Mass)

After

10i

0i

qi

__

(1)(6)2

0q
_______
(Mass)

After

2i

pi

6i

qi

10 1

(ii) 7 m/s
_

3
= __
4

4p 4q = 24
p q = 6 Equation 2
Adding equations 1 and 2 we get
2p = 10
p = 5
q=1

____

____

(iii) l 1 = Mv1 Mu1

_

= 3(0i ) 3(10i )

p + q = 4 Equation 1
2+6

= e

q 7
e = __ = __
9 9

1(2) + 1(6) = 1(p) + 1(q)

pq
______

__

q=7

=1J
(i) Before

3(10) + 5(1) = 3(0) + 5(q)

Loss = 44 43

Q. 2.

= 1(5i ) 1(2i )

___

= 30i Ns
____

____

l2 = Mv2 Mu2
_

= 5(7i ) 5(i ) = 30i Ns

(iv) u = 7, v = 0, s = 2, a = ?
v2 = u2 + 2as
0 = 49 + 2a(2)
49
a = ____ = 12.25 m/s2
4
Deceleration = 12.25 m/s2

Q. 4.

(i) Before

(Mass)

After

3v

pq
_______

1
= __
2
10 0
p q = 5
Solving these gives p = 1, q = 6.
Answer: 1 m/s and 6 m/s.

2(5) + 1(0) = 2(v) + 1(3v)

1
1
(ii) K.E.Before = __(2)(10)2 + __(3)(0)2
2
2
= 100 J

5v = 10 v = 2
v 3v
(ii) ______ = e
50
4
4
___ = e e = __
5
5
1
1
__
__
(iii) K.E.before = (2)(5)2 + (1)(0)2
2
2
= 25 J

1
1
K.E.After = __(2)(1)2 + __(3)(6)2
2
2
= 55 J
Loss = 100 55 = 45 J
(iii) To find the acceleration:

1
1
K.E.after = __(2)(2)2 + __(1)(6)2
2
2

v = u + at

= 22 J

Q. 5.

0 = 6 + a(2)

Loss = 25 22 = 3 J

a = 3

3
% Loss = ___ 100 = 12%
25

To find the force:

(i) Before

(Mass)

After

6i

pi

4i

qi

F = Ma
F = (3) (3) = 9 N

__

(i.e. it is a resistance force of 9 N)

__

To find the distance:

5(6) + 3(4) = 5p + 3q

v2 = u2 + 2as

5p + 3q = 18
pq
______
6+4

0 = (6)2 + 2(3)s

1
= __
3

s=6m

3p 3q = 10

To find work done:

13
Solving these gives p = 1, q = ___.
3
1
1
(ii) Loss = __Mu2 __Mv2
2
2
1
1
__
= (5)(6)2 __(5)(1)2
2
2
1
= 87__ J
2
_

( )

__
___

13
(iii) Mv Mu = 3 ___i 3(4i )
3
_

= 25i Ns

Q. 6.

(i) Before

To find power:
Work
Power = _____
Time
54
= ___ = 27 W
2
Q.
Q 7.

(i)

Before

(Mass)

After

A:

4i

pi

B:

0i

qi

_
_

(Mass)

After

10i

pi

p+q=4

0i

qi

pq
______

2(10) + 3(0) = 2p + 3q
2p + 3q = 20

W = Fs = 9(6) = 54 J

__

__

__

__

M(4) + M(0) = Mp + Mq

40

1
= __
2

p q = 2
Solving these gives p = 1, q = 3.
Speed of B is 3 m/s.

(ii)

Before

(Mass)

After

B:

3i

ai

C:

0i

bi

_
_

__

(ii)

__

Q.
Q 10.

a+b=3

(i)

ab
______

1
= __
30
2
3
__
ab=
2

Before

(Mass)

After

A:

B:

1
1
(iii) K.E.before = __(4)(v)2 + __(2)(v)2
2
2
+

v2

3v2

= v2
Loss = 3v2 v2 = 2v2
2v2
2
% Loss = ___2 100 = 66__%
3
3v
(Mass)

After

2i

11ki

13ki

__

__

A:

6i

pi

B:

0i

qi

__

Their speeds are (1, 5, 0) m/s.

(ii)

Before

(Mass)

After

B:

5i

ai

C:

0i

bi

__
__

M(2) + M(1) = M(11k) + M(13k)

1
k = __
8
13
11
Their speeds will be ___ and ___.
8
8

_
_

__

__

M(5) + M(0) = Ma + Mb
a+b=5
ab
______

2
= ___
3
10
a b = ____
3
50

25
5
Solving these gives a = __, b = ___.
6
6
5 25
Their speeds now are 1, __, ___ m/s.
6 6

(iii)
A:

1
1
K.E.after = __(4)(0)2 + __(2)(v)2
2
2

After

Solving these gives p = 1, q = 5

0p
(ii) ________ = e
v (v)
v
1
___ = e e = __
2v
2

(i) Before

(Mass)

2
= ___
3
60
p q = 4

Speed of B after impact is the same as

the speed before but in the opposite
direction.

Q. 9.

pq
______

2p = 2v p = v

Before

p+q=6

4(v) + 2(v) = 4(0) + 2(p)

2v2

= e

M(6) + M(0) = Mp + Mq

3
1
Solving these gives a = __, b = 2__.
4
4
3
__
Speed of B is m/s.
4
Yes, because A will catch up with B,
since vA > vB
(i)

21

1
e = __
4

M(3) + M(0) = Ma + Mb

Q. 8.

13
__
__
11
8 8
_______

B:

Before

(Mass)

After

1i
_
5
__
i
6

ci

di

__

__

()

5
M(1) + M __ = Mc + Md
6
11
c + d = ___
6
cd
2
_____
= __
3
1 _56
1
c d = __
9
35
31
Solving these gives: c = ___, d = ___
36
36

31 35 25
Their speeds are ___, ___, ___ m/s
36 36 6
Since vA < vB < vC, there will be no
further collisions.

Q. 11.

Before
_

10i

5i

(Mass)

After

10

pi

50

qi

F = ma

__

F = (2)(22.5)

__

= 45 N

10(10) + 50(5) = 10p + 50q

p + 5q = 15

A constant force of 45 N is required.

Q.
Q 13.

pq
1
_______
= __
2
10 + 5

(i) Before

35
5
Solving these gives p = ___, q = __.
4
4
3
1
The speeds are 8__ m/s and 1__ m/s.
4
___
__
___ 4
l1 = Mv Mu

0i

vi

3M

qi

0q
______
u+v

u 3v
= ________
3u + 3v

The magnitude of the impulse = 187.5 Ns

(a) (i) Newtons law of restitution:
For two bodies impinging directly,
their relative velocity after impact
is equal to a constant (e) times
their relative velocity before
impact and in the opposite
direction.
(ii) In a closed system the total
momentum will be conserved.
v2 = u2 + 2as
v2 = 02 + 2(9.8)(19.6)

QED

(ii) e 0
u 3v
________ 0
3u + 3v
u 3v 0
u 3v QED
Q. 14.
Q

Before

(Mass)

After

5i

pi

qi

__

__

__

1(5) + 2(1) = 1(p) + 2(q)

p + 2q = 7

v = 19.6
Rebound speed = (0.8)(19.6)
= 15.68
v2 = u2 + 2as
02 = (15.68)2 + 2(9.8)s

p = 7 2q
pq
______

= e
51
4e = p q

s = 12.544 m
Gun

= (7 2q) q
Bullet

M1u1 + M2u2 = M1v1 + M2v2

(2)(0) + (0.01)0 = (2)v1 + (0.01)(300)
v1 = 1.5 m/s
Initial speed of the gun = 1.5 m/s
To find acceleration:
v2 = u2 + 2as = (0)2
= (1.5)2 + 2a(0.05)
a = 22.5 m/s

= e

q
e = _____
u+v

= 187.5 Ns

Bullet

__

u 3v
q = ______
3

( )

(c) Gun

M(u) + 3M(v) = M(0) + 3M(q)

35
= 10 ___ 10(10)
4

(b)

After

ui

__

2p 2q = 15

Q. 12.

(Mass)

__

= 7 3q
3q 7
e = _______
4
If there are to be no more collisions vB vC
q3
3q 7
3(3) 7 1
If q 3 then e = _______ ________ = __
4
4
2
1
Answer: MAX Value = __
2

Q. 15.

Before

(Mass)

After

u1i

v1i

u2i

qi

_
_

__

1: 3u1 + 4u2 = 3v1 + 4q

1
q = __(3u1 + 4u2 3v1)
4
v1 q
2: _______
u u = e
1

v1 q = eu1 + eu2
1
But q = __(3u1 + 4u2 3v1)
4
1
v1 __(3u1 + 4u2 3v1)= eu1 + eu2
4
4v1 3u1 4u2 + 3v1 = 4eu1 + 4eu2
7v1 = u1(3 4e) + 4u2(1 + e) QED
1
I = 3v1 3u1. But v1 = __(u1(3 4e) + 4u2(1 + e))
7
3
__
I = (u1(3 4e) + 4u2(1 + e)) 3u1
7
3
= __(3u1 4eu1 + 4u2 + 4eu2 7u1)
7
3
= __(4u1 4eu1 + 4u2 + 4eu2)
7
12
___
= (u1 eu1 + u2 + eu2)
7
12
= ___(u1(1 + e) + u2(1 + e))
7
12
= ___ (1 + e)(u2 u1) QED
7
Q
Q. 16.
16

(i)

Before
B
f

(M
(Mass))

Aft
After

P:

4u

3m

2u

Q:

2u

5m

3m(4u) + 5m(2u) = 3m(p) + 5m(q)

pq
________

5q = 16u
16u
q = ____
5

4u 2u

Equation 1

= e

p q = 2eu

2u q
________

= e
4u 2u
2u q
_______ = e
2u
2u q = 2eu

3p + 3q = 6eu

multiply by 3
Equation 2

Adding equations 1 and 2 we get

8q = 22u + 6eu
but q =

16u
____
5

(ii) Let the velocity of P after impact be p.

3p + 5q = 22u

12u + 10u = 6u + 5q

2u(1 + e) =

1 + e = 1.6
e = 0.6

3m(4u) + 5m(2u) = 3m(2u) + 5m(q)

divide by m

q = 2u(1 + e)

5(1 + e)) = 8

16u
____
5

multiply
5
by ___
2u

8q = 2u(11 + 3e)
u
q = __(11 + 3e) minimum value
4
occurs when e = 0
u
__
q = (11) = 2.75u
4

Q. 17.

(i) Before

(Mass)

After

4m

2m

4m(u) + 2m(0) = 4m(p) + 2m(q)

2p + q = 2u

divide by 2m

Equation 1

pq
______

= e
u0
p q = eu

Equation 2

Adding equations 1 and 2 we get

3p = u(2 e)
u
p = __(2 e) speed of 4m sphere after impact.
3
q = p + eu from Equation 1
u
q = __(2 e) + eu
3
2u eu
q = ___ ___ + eu
3
3
2u eu + 3eu
q = _____________
3
2u + 2eu
q = _________
3
2u
___
q = (1 + e)
3
2mu2
1
Loss = 2mu2 _____(e2 + 2)
(ii) K.E.before = __(4m)(u)2
3
2
2
2mu
_____
(3 e2 2)
=
= 2mu2
3
2mu2
1
1
= _____(1 e2)
K.E.after = __(4m)(p)2 + __(2m)(q)2
3
2
2

u2
4u2
= 2m __ (2 e)2] + m[____(1 + e)2
9
9

2mu2
= _____[ 4 4e + e2 + 2(1 + 2e + e2) ]
9
2mu2
= _____[3e2 + 6]
9
2mu2
= _____ (e2 + 2)
3
Q. 18.
Q
18

(i) B
Before
f

(M
(Mass))

Aft
After

2u

m(2u) + m(0) = m(p) + m(q)

divide by m
p + q = 2u
pq
_______
2u 0

Equation 1

= e

p q = 2eu

10

Addi
Adding equations
i
1 and
d 2 we get
2p = 2u(1 e)
p = u(1 e) speed of 1st sphere
after impact
q = p + 2eu from Equation 1
q = u(1 e) + 2eu
q = u eu + 2eu
q = u + eu

Equation 2

q = u(1 + e) speed of second

sphere after impact

(ii) Firstly, find how long it takes for

sphere to hit wall.

Look at how far the sphere has moved

away from the wall in this time.
distance = speed time

speed = u(1 + e)

distance = 1 metre
time =

2e
distance = eu(1 + e) ______________
u(1 + e)(1 + e2)

distance
________
speed

2e2
= ______2
1+e

1
= ________ s
u(1 + e)
Find the distance travelled by other
sphere in this time.
speed = u(1 e)
1
time = ________
u(1 + e)
distance = speed time

1
= u(1 e) ________
u(1 + e)
1e
= _____
1+e
1e
distance apart = 1 _____
1+e
1+e1+e
= _____________
1+e
2e
_____
=
1+e
(iii) Find the speed of sphere after
colliding with wall.
NEW
_____

= e
OLD
v
________
= e
u(1 + e)
v = eu(1 + e)

____

Q
Q. 19.

(i) Gain in K.E. = Loss in P.E.

1mv2 = mgh
__
2
1
__
(0.6)v2 = (0.6)g(0.5cos60)
2
g
v2 = __
2
__
g
v = __ = 2.21 m/s
2

(ii) Before

(Mass)

After

0.6

0.8

__

g
__
2

__

( )

g
0.6 __ + 0.8(0) = 0.6(p) + 0.8(q)
2
multiply by 5
__

g
3p + 4q = 3 __
2
p

q
1
_______
__
= ___
g
11
_
2 0

Equation 1

__

g
11p 11q = __
2

Equation 2
__

g
33p + 44q = 33 __
2

vA = u(1 e)

Eq. 1 (11):

vB = eu(1 + e)

g
Eq. 2 ( 3): 33p + 33q = 3 __
2 add

____
______

____

____

vAB = vA vB

__

__

g
77q = 36 __
2

= u(1 e) + eu(1 + e)
= u eu + eu + e2u
= u(1 +

q=

e2)

relative distance
time = ______________
relative speed
=
=

____
2e
1+e
________

u(1 + e2)

p=

__
g
_
3
2 4q
_________

36
___

__

g
__

77 2

= 1.03 m/s
from Equation 1

p = 0.84 m/s

2e
______________
u(1 + e)(1 + e2)

11

Q. 20.

(i) Before
u
0

(Mass)
m
3m

After
p
q

m(u) + 3m(0) = m(p) + 3m(q)

p + 3q = u

divide by m

Equation 1

pq
______

= e
u0
p + q = eu

Equation 2

Adding equations 1 and 2 we get

4q = u(1 + e)
u
q = __(1 + e) speed of 2nd sphere after collision
4
p = q eu from Equation 2
u
p = __(1 + e) eu
4
u + eu 4eu u 3eu
p = ____________ = ________
4
4
u
p = __(1 3e) speed of 1st sphere after collision
4
1
(ii) K.E.before = __mu2
2
1 2 __
1
__
K.E.after = mp + (3m)q2
2
2

3m u2
m u2
= __ ___(1 6e + 9e2) + ___ ___(1 + 2e + e2)
2 16
2 16

mu2

= ____[1 6e + 9e2 + 3 + 6e + 3e2]

32
mu2
= ____[12e2 + 4]
32
mu2
= ____(3e2 + 1)
8
mu2 mu2
Loss = ____ ____(3e2 + 1)
2
8

[
[

3e2 1
mu2
= ____ 1 ___ __
4
4
2
mu2 4 3e2 1
= ____ ___________
4
2

]
]

mu2
= ____(3 3e2)
8
3mu2
= _____(1 e2)
8
1
__
(iii) Let e =
4

( )

3mu2 15
45mu2
Loss = _____ ___ = ______
8 16
128
45mu2
_____
128
_____
% Loss =
100
___
mu2
2

45
= ___ 100 = 70%
64

12

(iv) Loss in K.E. is maximised when e = 0

3mu2
Loss = _____
8
3mu2
____
8
____
% Loss =
100
___
mu2
2

3
__
4

100

= 75%

___

Exercise 7C

__

___

(iii) l1 = Mv Mu
_

= 2(3i + 4j ) 2(3i + 4j )
Q. 1.

(i) Before

(Mass)

After

4i + 3j

pi + 3j

i + 2j

qi + 2j

__

__

__

= 12i Ns
The magnitude of the impulse is 12 Ns.
Q
Q. 3.

M(4) + M(1) = M(p) + M(q)

(Mass)

6i + j
_

p+q=5

2i 5j

pq
______

1
= __
3
41
p q = 1

After
_

0i + j

2M

qi 5j

__

q=1
_

Solving these gives p = 2, q = 3.

The
_ new
_ velocities are 2i + 3j and

01
1
(ii) ______ = e e = __
8
6+2

3i + 2j

1
1
(ii) K.E.before = __(M)(42 + 32) + __(M)(12 + 22)
2
2
= 15M J
1
1
K.E.after = __M(22 + 32) + __M(32 + 22)
2
2
= 13M J
Loss = 15M 13M = 2M J
(Mass)

After

3i + 4j

pi + 4j

4i + 3j

qi + 3j

__

__

(Mass)

After

5i + 5j

2M

pi + 5j

0i + 0j

qi + 0j

(i) Their velocities are 3i + 4j , 0i + 3j

(ii) K.E.before =
1
__

1
(2) (32 + 42) + __(3)((4)2 + 32)
2
1
= 62__ J
2
2

K.E.after =
1
(2) ((3)2 + 42) + __(3)(02 + 32)
2
2
1
__
= 38 J
2
1
1
Loss = 62__ 38__
2
2

2p + q = 10
1
= __
2

___

__

2M(5) + M(0) = 2Mp + Mq

3
= __
7
3+4
p q = 3
_

21
Solving these gives p = ___, q = 5
2
_
_ _
_
1
(i) Their velocities are 2__i + 5j ; 5i + 0j
2
___
__
___
(ii) l1 = Mv Mu
_
_
_
_
1
= 2M 2__i + 5j 2M(5i + 5j )
__2

= 5mi Ns

pq
______

Solving these gives p = 3, q = 0

__

2p 2q = 5

2p + 3q = 6

= 24 J

Before

50

2(3) + 3(4) = 2(p) + 3(q)

1
__

Q
Q. 4.

pq
______

Before
_

(i) Its velocity is i 5j .

M(6) + 2M(2) = M(0) + 2Mq

Q. 2.

Before

l2 = M(5i + 0j ) M(0i + 0j )
__

= 5Mi Ns
(iii) K.E.before =
1
__
2

1
(2M)(52 + 52) + __(M)(02 + 02)
2

= 50M J
K.E.after =

(( )

52
1
(2M) __ + 52 + __(M)(52 + 02)
2
2
2
3
= 43__M J
4
6_14M 100
Percentage Loss = ____ ____
50M
1

1
__

1
= 12__%
2

13

12
_________

tan q =

1 + (1)(2)

K.E.before =

1
= __ = 0.3333
3
q = 18 26 (Since q is acute)
Q. 5.

1
__

1
(5)(25 + 16) + __(10)(4 + q)
2
2
= 102.5 + 65

(i) u1 = 5 cos qi + 5 sin qj

_
4
__

= 167.5 J

_
3
__

( 5 )i + 5( 5 ) j

=5

K.E.after =

= 4i + 3j

__

(Mass)

After

4i + 3j

pi + 3j

4i + 4j

qi + 4j

__

__

= 87.5 J
Loss = 167.5 87.5 = 80 J QED

2p + 3q = 4
4+4

850
= ____
18
1,575
= ______
18

2(4) + 3(4) = 2p + 3q
pq
______

1
1
4
(5) __ + 16 + __(10) __ + 9
2
9
9
725
= ____
18
2

= 4i + 4j
Before

1
__

__

u2 = 4 2 cos 45i + 42 sin 45j

_

1
(i) __i + 4j
3
_
_
2
(ii) __i 3j
3

5
5
(iv) m1 = __ = 1, m2 = ___
=2
5
2_1

(iii)

7
___

Original
path

p q = 7
Solving these gives p = 5, q = 2.
_

(ii) 5i + 3j , 2i + 4j m/s
1
(iii) K.E.before = __(2)(42 + 32)
2
1
+ __(3)((4)2 + 42)
2
= 73 J
K.E.after =

1
__
2

(2)((5)2

New
path

3 3
M1 = ___ = __;
2 2

tan q =

Loss = 73 64 = 9 J
Before
_

5i + 4j

2i 3j

(Mass)

Q.
Q 7.
(After)
__

__

14

23

, since q is acute.

Before

(Mass)

(After)

pi + qj

0 i + qj

ri + 0j

pi + 4j

10

qi 3j

Momentum in the i direction is

conserved
4p = mr

p + 2q = 1
1
__

=
5+2 7
p q = 1

24
___

0i + 0j

5(5) + 10(2) = 5p + 10q

pq
______

3
9
_
_
2+2
24
tan q = ______
= ___
__
27
23
1

32)

1
+ __(3)(22 + 42)
2
= 64 J

Q. 6.

3 ___
9
=
M2 = ___
_
2
2

1
2
Solving these gives: p = __, q = __.
3
3

N.E.L.
0r
______

4
= __
7
p0
4p = 7r
m=7

Q. 8.

Before

Mass

8i + 4j

0i + 0j
_

(i) 8i + 4j

2m

(ii) 4 kg mass:

After

__

__

1
K.E.before = __(4)q2 = 2q2
2
1
__
K.E.after = (4)(r2 + q2)
2

xi + 4j

yi + 0j

__

xi + 4j

= 2(r2 + q2)

4 __
4
__

= 1
8 x
x = 2

Gain = 2(r2 + q2) 2q2

__

= 2r2

New velocity = 2i + 4j m/s

2 kg mass:
1
K.E.before = __(2)x2 = x2
2
but x = 2r (from Equation 1)

(ii) m(8) + 2m(0) = m(x) + 2my

8m = 2m + 2my
y=5

K.E.before = (2r)2 = 4r2

Its velocity = 5i m/s

(iii)

Q. 9.

K.E.after = 0

xy
_____

= e
80
2 5
______ = e
8
7
e = __
8

(i) Before
_
_

Loss = 4r2
1
Gain in K.E. of 4 kg mass = __
2
(Loss in K.E. of 2 kg mass)

(Mass)

pi + qj

xi + yj

Q. 10.
Q

After
_
_

(i) First collision between P and Q

ri + qj
_

0i + 0j

Momentum in the i direction is

conserved

Before

(Mass)

After

P:

12u

Q:

4(12u) + 8(0) = 4(p) + 8(q)

p + 2q = 12u Equation 1

4p + 2x = 4r
2p + x = 2r Equation 1

pq
________
12u 0

N.E.L.

1
= __
4

p + q = 3u Equation 2

r0
_____

1
__
p x = 2

Adding equations 1 and 2 we get

p x = 2r Equation 2

3q = 15u

Adding equations 1 and 2 we get

q = 5u

3p = 0
p=0

speed of Q after 1st

collision

p = q 3u

j velocity of 2nd sphere is unchanged

y=0
_

Velocities
before impact were qj
_
and xi these are to each other.

from Equation 2

p = 5u 3u
p = 2u

speed of P after 1st

collision

Collision of Q with the wall

NEW
_____

= e
OLD
v
___ = e
5u
v = 5eu

15

Second collision between P and Q

Before

(Mass)

After

2u

Q: 5eu

P:

(ii) r = 2u 10eu

()

2
r = 2u 10 __ u
7
20
___
r = 2u u
7
6
__
r = u final speed of P
7

4(2u) + 8[5eu] = 4r

1
(iii) K.E.before = __(4)(12u)2
2
= 288u2 J

r = 2u 10eu
r0
_________
2u + 5eu

1
= __
4

( )

1 6
K.E.after = __(4) __u 2
2 7
72
= ___u2 J
49
72
Loss = 288u2 ___u2
49

4r = 2u 5eu
4(2u 10eu) = 2u 5eu
8 40e = 2 5e
35e = 10
2
e = __
7

= 286.53u2 J

Exercise 7D
Q. 1.

Before

__

(Mass)

__

After
__

v cos Bi + v sin Bj

0i + 0j

qi + 0j

u sin A = V sin B

__

Equation 1

M(u cos A) + M(0) = M(v cos B) + Mq

q = u cos A v cos B
v cos B q
___________
u cos A 0

Equation 2

1
= __
4

4v cos B 4q = u cos A Equation 3

But q = u cos A v cos B
3 reads:
4v cos B 4u cos A + 4v cos B = u cos A
3u cos A = 8v cos B Equation 4
Dividing equation 1 by equation 4, we get:
u sin A
________
3u cos A

v sin B
= ________
8v cos B

8 tan A = 3 tan B

16

__

u cos Ai + u sin Aj

QED

Q. 2.

Before

__

__

(Mass)

After

__

__

2u cos Ai + 2u sin Aj

2M pi + 2u sin Aj

ui + 0j

__

0i + 0j

(i) 2M(2u cos A) + M(u) = 2M(p) + M(0)

1
p = 2u cos A __u
2
p

0
5
____________
= ____
2u cos A + u 118
118p = 10u cos A 5u
1
But p = 2u cos A __u
2
1
118 2u cos A __u
2
= 10u cos A 5u

236 cos A 59 = 10 cos A 5

9
cos A = ___
41
40
sin A = ___
41

(ii) p = 2u cos A u
2
5u
9
1
= 2u ___ __u = ____
2
82
41

( )

40
80u 160u
2u sin A = 2u ___ = ____ = _____
82
41
41

4u cos30i + 4u sin30j
__

( )

_
3
___

()

1
i + 4u __ j
2
_ 2
__
= 2u 3 i + 2uj

= 4u

Before
___

(Mass)

After

pi + 2uj

2u 3 i + 2uj

Velocity after impact

_
_
u
= ___(5i + 160j )
82
_
_
5u
___
= (i + 32j ) m/s
82
Q. 3.

Loss = 10mu2 mu2(9 + e2)

= mu2 mu2e2
= mu2(1 e2)
(ii) Firstly, calculate velocity of first sphere
before impact:

1
__

( )

q = 6u u(3 e)
q = 3u + eu
q = u(3 + e)
1
1
K.E.before = __(m)(4u)2 + __(m)(2u)2
2
2
= 10mu2
1
K.E.after = __(m)[u(3 e)2]
2
1
+ __(m)[u(3 + e)]2
2
1
__
= (m)[u2(9 6e + e2 + 9
2
+ 6e + e2)]
1
= __(m)[u2(18 + 2e2)]
2
= mu2(9 + e2)

0i + 0j

qi + 0j

Momentum in the i direction is

conserved

(i) Before
(Mass)
After
4u
m
p
2u
m
q
m(4u) + m(2u) = m(p) + m(q)
divide by m

__

m( 2u 3 ) + m(0) = m(p) + m(q)

__

p + q = 2u 3

divide by m
Equation 3

N.E.L.
pq
_________
__

p + q = 6u Equation 1
pq
________
= e
4u 2u

p q = 2eu 3

p q = 2eu Equation 2

Adding equations 3 and 4 we get

Adding equations 1 and 2 we get

2p = 2u3 (1 e)

2p = 2u(3 e)
p = u(3 e)
q = 6u p from Equation 1

p = u 3 (1 e)

2u 3 0

= e
__

Equation 4

__

__

velocity of 1st sphere after impact

_

__

= u 3 (1 e)i + 2uj
__

q = 2u 3 p

from Equation 3

17

__

__

m
= __[3u2(1 2e + e2) + 4u2
2
+ 3u2(1 + 2e + e2)]

q = 2u 3 u 3 (1 e)
__

__

= u 3 + eu 3
__

m
= __[10u2 + 6e2u2]
2

q = u 3 (1 + e)
velocity of 2nd
__ sphere_ after
impact = u 3 (1 + e)i

= mu2(5 + 3e2)
Loss = 8mu2 mu2(5 + 3e2)

1
__

K.E.before = (m)(4u)2
2
= 8mu2
__
1
K.E.after = __(m)[{u 3 (1 e)}2 + {2u}2]
2
__
1
+ __(m) [u 3 (1 + e)]2
2
Q.
4.
Q 4

(i)

Before
u
__

(Mass)

__ _

u 3
____

j
A: i +
2
2
_

pi +

B: 0i + 0j

After

= 3mu2 3mu2e2
= 3mu2(1 e2)

__ _

__

u 3
____
2
____

u 3
____
_

tan q = p =
2p

qi + 0j

Momentum in the i direction is conserved

()

u
m __ + m(0) = m(p) + m(q)
2
u
p + q = __
2
2p + 2q = u

divide by m

Equation 1

pq
______
= e
_
u
2

eu
p q = ___
2
2p 2q = eu Equation 2
Adding equations 1 and 2 we get
4p = u(1 e)
u
p = __(1 e)
4
__

u
q = __ p
2

u 3
____

tan q =

2p

__

p=

2 tan q

__

u 3
u
______ = __(1 e)
2 tan q 4
__

3
_____
tan q

1
= __(1 e)
2

__

(1 e)tan q = 2 3
__

tan q =

18

from Equation 1

u u
u ue u
q = __ __(1 e) = __ + ___ = __(1 + e)
4
4
4
2 4

u 3
______

2 3
_____
1e

2
multiply by __
u

__

u 3
____

(ii)

1
K.E.before = __mu2 J
2

Q. 5.
__

[ ( )]

u 3
1
K.E.after = __m p2 + ____
2
2

1
+ __mq2
2

3u2
1 u2
= __m ___(1 e)2 + ____
4
2 16

(i) Before

( )

q4 + p2q2
_________
= 0.04
p2

3u2

_______
q2(p2 + q2)
__________
=
0.04

p
2 + q2 = 0.06
p2
so, p2 + q2 = 0.36

[
[

3u2
1 u2
= __m ___(1 2e + e2) + ____
4
2 16
1 13u2 2eu2 e2u2
= __m _____ _____ + ____
2
16
16
16
mu2
= ____[ 13 2e + e2 ]
32

1
1 u2
K.E.B(after) = __mq2 = __m ___(1 + e)2
2
2 16
mu2
= ____(1 + 2e + e2)
32
7
= __
1

13 2e + e2
____________
=7
1 + 2e + e2
13 2e + e2 = 7 + 14e + 7e2

(3e 1)(e + 3) = 0
1
e = __ 0 e 1
3

new path at right

angles to old path

q4
__2 + q2 = 0.04
p

u2

3e2 + 8e 3 = 0

ti + 0j

r2 + q2 = 0.04

[ ( )]
__

6e2 + 16e 6 = 0

2m

_______

1
= __m ___(1 e)2 + ____
4
2 16

K.E.B(after)

B: 0i + 0j

Also, r2 + q2 = 0.2

u 3
1
K.E.A(after) = __m p2 + ____
2
2

K.E.

ri + qj

q2
r = __
p

__
1
mu2
16
1
% loss = ______
100 = 12__%
_
1
2
2
mu

A(after)
________

q2
__
pr = 1

mu2 7mu2 mu2

Loss = ____ _____= ____ J
2
16
16

After

A: pi + qj

q
__
p r = 1

7mu2
= _____ J
16

(iii)

(Mass)

q
__

1 7u2
= __m ____
2
8

q
tan q = __
p

1 u2
+ __m ___(1 + e)2 let e = 0
2 16
3u2
u2
1 u2
= __m___ + ____ + ___
4
2 16
16

0.36q2
______
= 0.04
p2

divide by 0.04

9q2
____
=1
p2
q2 1
__2 = __
9
p

q __
1
__
p = 3 = tan q
(ii)

Momentum in the i direction is

conserved
m(p) + 2m(0) = m(r) + 2m(t)
divide by m
r + 2t = p
pr
t = _____ Equation 1
2
N.E.L.
rt
______
= e
p0
r t = pe

Equation 2

pr
r _____ = pe
2
2r p + r = 2pe
3r p = 2pe

19

p 3r
e = ______
2p

Before
3v
___

3q2
p + ____
p

i+
_

v 40
_____
7

ui + 0j

p2 + 3q2
= ________
2p2

3v
___

()

from part (a)

( )

98v 21u = 21q

14v 3q = 3u

( )

Equation 1

N.E.L.

3
1.8
___
___
p = 0.6 cos q = 0.6 ____
= ____
10
10
1.8
___ from Equation 1
r + 2t = ____
10

40n
_____
q
3
21
_________
= __
4
3n
___

+u
7
40n 21q
3
___________ = __
4
9n + 21u

from Equation 2

3.6
___
r + t = _____
3 10
1.2
___
= ____
10
3
___
Add 3t = ____
10

160v + 84q = 27v + 63u

133v + 84q = 63u

Equation 2

392v 84q = 84u from Equation 1

525v = 147u

1
___
t = ____
10
K.E.after = 0.02m + 0.1m = 0.12m

147u 7u
n = _____ = ___
525
25
Q. 7.
Q

(i)

Loss = 0.18m 0.12m = 0.06m

r
r

r
q

___

20

40
____
7

3v
40v
2m ___ + m(u) = 2m _____ + m(q)
7
21
21
multiply by ___
m
18v 21u = 80v + 21q

1
1
K.E.after = __m(0.2)2 + __(2m)t2
2
2
= 0.02m + mt2

d
b __
(a) __
a c = 1
c
b
__
__
a = d
ac = bd
3
(b) cos q = __
7

29

2p
r t = ___
3

qi + 0j

___

Momentum in the i direction is

conserved

3 __
1
__

1
(iii) K.E.before = __m(0.6)2 = 0.18m
2

sinq =

()

1 1 2
= __ + __ = __
2 6 3

Q. 6.

___ _

v 40
_____

v40 v40
(p) = _____ _____
7
7
40v2
____
3vp =
7
40v
____
p=
21
7

2
1 3q
= __ + __ __2
2 2p

pi +

m
___

After
_

2m

= ________
2p

1
__

(Mass)

___ _

1
r
sin q = __ = __ q = 30
2r 2

(ii) Rotate diagram as shown:

Q
Q. 8.

(i) Point of collision:

4u
30
30

2u
1.2r

Before
___

(Mass)

u 3 i + u j
___

2u 3 i 2uj

After
_

2m

p i + uj

qi 2uj

1.2r 3
sin q = ____ = __
5
2r
4
__
cos q =
5
Rotate diagram as shown in the diagram
below:

Momentum in the i direction is

conserved
__

r
q

__

2m( u3 ) + m( 2u3 ) = 2m(p) + m(q)

divide by m
2p + q = 0 Equation 1

N.E.L.
pq
____________
__
__
u 3 + 2u 3

1__
= ___
3

p q = 3u

Equation 2

Adding equations 1 and 2 we get

3p = 3u
p = u
_______

= p 2 + u2

__________

= (u)2 + u2
____

= 2u2

from Equation 1

q = 2u
Speed of 2nd sphere after impact
___________

= q2 + (2u)2

_____________

= (2u)2 + (2u)2
____

__

= 2u 2

Before

(Mass)
_

8u
___

6u
i + ___j
5
5
_
_
3u
4u ___
___
i+ j
5
5

m
m
_

After
_

6u
pi + ___j
5
_
_
3u
___
qi + j
5

Momentum in the i direction is

conserved
8u
4u
m ___ + m ___ = m(p) + m(q)
5
5
5
multiply by __
m

( ) ( )

__

= u 2

= 8u2

2u

Speed of 1st sphere after impact

q = 2p

q
q

5p + 5q = 12u

Equation 1

N.E.L.
pq
1
________
= __
8u
2
4u
___
___
5

5
5p 5q
1
________ = __
4u
2
5p 5q = 2u

Equation 2

Adding equations 1 and 2 we get

10p = 10u
p=u

21

 Velocity of 1st sphere after impact

_
_
6u
= ui + ___j
5
Speed of 1st sphere after impact
__________

6u
__

____

The slope of n1 is given by m1 = __

u

( )

6u
= u2 + ___
5

(ii) Velocities after impact

_
_
_
_
____
____
6u
7u 3u
are n1 = ui + ___j and n2 = ___i + ___j
5
5
5

_________

6
= __
5

36u2
= u2 + _____
25

____________

3u
__
3
5
__
The slope of n2 is given by m2 = __
= __
7u
7

____

25u2 + 36u2
= ___________
25
_____

61u2
_____

m1 m2
tan q = _________
1 + m1m2

25

u ___
= __ 61
5
___

61
= ____u
5
1
q = __(5p + 2u) from Equation 2
5
1
__
q = (5u + 2u)
5
7u
___
q=
5
Velocity of 2nd sphere after impact
_
_
3u
7u ___
___
i+ j
5
5
Speed of 2nd sphere after impact
___________

____________

( 5 ) + ( 5 ) = 49u 25+ 9u
7u 2
___

22

3u 2
___

_____

58u2
_____
25

u
__

2
2
__________

___

___

58
____

= 58 =
u
5
5

3
6
_
_
57
______
tan q =
18
__

1+

35

42 15
= ________
35 + 18
27
= ___
53
Take the plus case to find the acute angle
27
q = tan1 ___ = 27
53