Colloid and surface science

TITLE : SURFACTANTS Presenter : 1. YAP PUI YEE (SC12053) 2. WONG WAN YIN (SC120 3. SINDHU A/P SANDIDARAN (SC120

1. Introduction of surfactant - Structure of surfactant molecules - Classification of surfactants - Hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) 2. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) - micelle structure - factor affect micelle 3. Mechanism of surfactant application-adsorption and miscellisation 4. Application

 surfactant = surface active agent A surfactant molecule has a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a long hydrophobic (water-hating or oil-loving) tail. For this reason, we often describe surfactants is being amphiphilic molecules - they love everything

Surfactant molecule

Spherical micelle

Hydrophilic shell Hydrophobic core

The surface active portion bear a negative charge.

The surface active portion bear a positive charge.

The surface active portion bear no charge.

The surface active portion bear both charge.

Anionic surfactants Sulfonic acid salt

Cationic surfactants Quaternary ammonium salts

Non-ionic surfactants Ethylate

Zwitterion surfactants

Anionic surfactants
Cationic surfactants Zwitterion surfactants

sulfonic acid salts, alcohol sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, phosphoric acid esters, and carboxylic acid salts polyamines and their salts, quaternary ammonium salts, and amine oxides.

Dodecyl betaine, Lauramidopropyl betaine

Non-ionic surfactants

Ethoxylate

Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance (HLB)

Amphiphilic surfactants are characterized by the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) a relative ratio of polar and nonpolar groups in the surfactant Griffins scale: it is an arbitrary (group additively) scale of values serving as a measure of the HLB of surfactants a. The HLB Scale ranges 1-20 b. Surfactants with higher HLB numbers (greater than 10) are more hydrophilic c. Surfactants with lower HLB number (less than 10) are more hydrophobic (lipophilic) d. Complete water solubility of a surfactant occurs at and HLB of approximately 7.3

Hydrophilic (greater than 10)

Hydrophobic (less than 10)

HLBs of 1 to 3 HLBs of 4 to 6 HLBs of 7 to 10 HLBs of 8 to16 HLBs of 13 to 15 HLB of 13 to 18

Mixing unlike oils together water-in-oil emulsions self emulsifying oils Oil-in-water emulsions

Detergent solutions
Solubilization of oil into water (microemulsion)