Etl Training2

Power Line Carrier ETL Family Training Program
Power Line Carrier

Communication ETL
ABB Power System Communications
ETL; NSD50; NSK5 TRAINING PROGRAM

1. 2. 3 4 5 6 PLC OVERVIEW PLCC OVERVIEW ETL OVERVIEW ETL BLOCK DIGARM &PROGRAMMING TESTING FACILITIES ETL TESTING
PLC OVERVIEW
PLC OVERVIEW
DIFFERENT OPTIONS FOR POWER UTILITY COMMUNICATIONS Atmospheric conditions,

MICROWAVE UHF/VHF SYSTEMS RADIO LINK FIBRE OPTIC TELEPHONE CABLE POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION (PLCC)
High Capital Cost Atmospheric conditions, high capital cost, high maintenance Congested frequency band Mechanically High cost for lowweaker, traffic High theft chances
PLC OVERVIEW
ADVANTAGES OF POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION

COMPACT RELIABLE COST EFFECTIVE FROM DISTANCE POINT OF VIEW ENTIRELY WITHIN POWER UTILITYS CONTROL IMMUNITY FROM ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES
PLCC OVERVIEW
PLCC OVERVIEW
Phase to Ground System

PLCC OVERVIEW

Line trap blocks PLCC signal entering into switch yard equipment
CC blocks high voltage 50Hz power entering into the PLCC terminal
Earth Coil, LA are for protections for leakage /surges and earth switch for maintenance purpose
BT & LMU matches the PLCC terminal impedance to the line impedance
Phase to Phase System

PLCC OVERVIEW
USER INTER FACES
MODEM
POWER AMPLIFIER
LINE INTERFACES
POWER SUPPLY
FREQUENCY GENERATION UNIT
CONTROL UNIT
PLCC OVERVIEW
FEATURES REQUIRED FOR POWER SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS:

ROBUSTNESS AGAINST ALL KINDS OF INTERFERENCE DIRECT INTERFACING TO POWER SYSTEM SERVICES e.g PROTECTION , TELECONTROL HIGH FLEXIBILITY OF NETWORK CONFIGURATION INETERFERENCE OFFERED TO OTHER EQUIPMENTS
IEC HAS SPECIFIC STANDARD (IEC 495) FOR PLCC TERMINAL
ETL OVERVIRW
ETL OVERVIEW
LT
LT
C
FA X
ETL
ETL
FAX
DC
PR
PC
MS
PAX
FAX
PR
PC
RTU
FAX
C = Coupling Device DC = Dispatcher's console FAX = Facsimile equipment LT = Line trap M = Modem
MS RTU PAX PR PC
= Master station = Remote terminal unit = Private automatic exchange = Protection relay = Computer
ETL OVERVIEW
P7LB
P7LA
ETL OVERVIEW
ETL FAMILY
PLCC TERMINAL : ETL-4X FOR 1 TO 4 CHANNELS TOTAL POWER 40W ETL-8X FOR 1 TO 4 CAHNNELS TOTAL POWER 80W
PROTECTION
: NSD-50 FOR 2/4 CODED/UNCODED COMMANDS SIGNALLING CAN BE USED IN ETL RACK ONLY EQUIPMENT : NSK-5 FULLY PROGRAMMABLE RS232 MODEM WITH MAX 2400 BAUD RATE. CAN BE ACCOMO-DATED IN ETL RACK OR STAND ALONE USE POSSIBLE
MODEM
ETL OVERVIEW
MODULAR EQUIPMENT ARCHITECTURE

SINGLE / DOUBLE / TRIPLE AND FOUR CHANNELS OPERATION DOUBLE / TRIPLE AND FOUR CHANNELS BY ADDING TIERS DIFFERENT TRANSMIT POWERS AVAILABLE SELECTABLE ACCORDING TO NOISE LEVEL IN POWER LINES - 40 W / 80 W
THE MODULES ARE FUNCTIONALLY ORGANISED
ETL OVERVIEW
FEATURES
INTEGRATED TELEPROTECTION EQUIPMENT TYPE NSD-50 (OPTION) INTEGRATED FSK MODEM TYPE NSK-5 (OPTION) MEETS OR EXCEEDS IEC495/IEC663/IS9482/IS10706 MEETS OR EXCEEDS LATEST IEC ON EMC/EMI COMPLIANCE FULFILLS ISO9001 QUALITY SYSTEM
ETL OVERVIEW
Standard Versions P7LA P7LB

9 ASA Units 13 ASA Units 19 ASA Units
P7LA P7LA P7LB
ETL 41 Single Channel 40 Watt
ETL 81 Single Channel 80 Watt
P7LB P7LB
15 ASA Units
P7LA
P7LA P7LA P7LB P7LB
ETL 42 Double Channel 40 Watt
ETL 82 Double Channel 80 Watt
ETL OVERVIEW
Versions for 3 or 4 channel operation P7LA P7LA P7LB

27 ASA Units 31 ASA Units
P7LA P7LB P7LB P7LB P7LB

ETL 44 Four Channel 40 Watt
P7LB P7LB P7LB
ETL 84 Four Channel 80 Watt
ETL OVERVIEW
ADDITIONAL VARIANTS:
AF SECTION: 5 SLOTS RESERVED A COMBINATION OF FOLLOWING IS POSSIBLE
One 2/4 Pax Interface/4w Pax Interface/ Remote Subscriber Interface;each having
programmable cutoff filter from 1800HZ to 3400HZ in any one of the 5 slots
1 to
5 Telecontrol Interfaces each with 3 isolated I/P & O/P in any of the 5 slots; each inteface with (optional) programmble transit filter for fre. from 360 hz to 3720 hz (steps of 60hz) for 1 I/P or any combination of O/P
Protection Signalling equipment (NSD50) with 2 or 4 commands (fixed slots 1st or 1st
&2nd)
1 to 5 Modems with RS232 Interface (NSK-5)in any of the 5 slots

ETL OVERVIEW
ADDITIONAL VARIANTS:
PILOT: SELECTABLE FROM 3780 HZ / 2160HZ /2640HZ / 3360HZ / 3600HZ
RF PROGRAMABILITY:
EASY TO TUNE THE SET IN EITHER 40 TO 100KHZ OR 100 TO 500KHZ IN A RASTER OF 4KHZ
RF TERMINATION:
75OHM, 125OHM
ETL OVERVIEW
ETL OVERVIEW
FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER CARD POWER USER (AF) POWER SUPPLY &LINE ETL: PLCC TERMINAL INTERFACES AMPLIFIER INTERFACES P4LG: FOR 1ST O4LA: AND 3RD CHANNEL INTERFACE MODEM TELECONTROL INTERFACES O4LA, O4LB P4LI: FOR 2ND AND 4 RTH CHANNEL P4LB,P4LC, B5LA: 48 VOLT O4LB: 4WIRE PAXSTABILISER INTERFACE P1LA O4LC, O4LD P4LD,P4LE O4LC:2/4 WIRE PAX INTERFACE E5LA/E5LB -------------------P4LF B4LA:48 VOLT DC DC CONVERTOR O4LD: 2WIRE PAX-SUBSCRIBER INTERFACE P3LA/P3LB NSD50,(G4AA,G4AC) NSK5(G4AE/G4AF) NSK5: ETL OPTIONAL IN RACK MODEM G4AE/F: PROGRAMMABLE MODEM POWER AMPLIFIER & LINE INTERFACES MODEM SECTION P1LA: POWER AMPLIFIER CONTROL CARD FREQUENCY CARD NSD50: ETL IN RACK OPTIONAL P4LB: P4LA AF MULTIPLEXOR + AFP4LG/P4LI TO IF1 AND BACK POWER SUPPLY PROTECTION SIGNALLING EQP. E5LA:100KHZ TO 500KHZ TX FILTER P4LC:IF CONVERTOR IF1 TO IF2 AND BACK B5LA G4AA: INTERFACE E5LB: 40KHZ 100KHZ TX IF2 FILTER P4LF: TX DSP RFTO CONVERTOR TO RF B4LA G4AC/D: COMMAND INTERFACE P3LA: RF HYBRID P4LD: RX RF CONVERTOR RF TO IF2 P4LE: RX RF CONVERTOR SECOND CHANNEL
ETL OVERVIEW

Speech 3.4 kHz
Programmable 2 wire / 4 wire speech bandwidth
Speech 3.2 kHz Speech 3.0 kHz Speech 2.8 kHz Speech 2.6 kHz Speech 2.4 kHz Speech 2.2 kHz Speech 2.0 kHz
plus NSD 50 4-command teleprotection
0.3
3.6
4.0 kHz
0.3
2.0
3.6
4.0 kHz
plus
Speed 50 Bd 100 Bd 200 Bd 300 Bd Center frequency 120 Hz steps 600 Bd 1200 Bd 2400 Bd 0.3 3.6 4.0 kHz
NSK 5 programmable FSK data transmission
Power Line Carrier ETL Family Training Program AF Bus layout
ETL OVERVIEW

E&M ETL 2 O 4 LD 4 ETL E& M O 4LD 4 2
E&M ETL ETL 2 O 4 LD 4
E& M O4LD 2 4 PA X
E& M P AX 4 O4L B
E& M ETL ETL
E &M O 4L B 4
E& M P AX 4
ETL OVERVIEW
2 SLIDES FOR FREQUENCY MODULATION SCHEME
ETL OVERVIEW
IMAGE FREQUENCY ( fs+2fi )REJECTION ADJACENT CHANNEL REJECTION (SELCTIVITY)
SUPERHET RECEIVER
DETECTOR TWO RECEIVERS WITH TWO DIFFERENT IFIF FREQUENCY To have advantages of both low and high IFto ETL uses MIXER Since it is easy make a fi Since it is difficult to make fo-fs fs (2ND IF STAGE (DEMODULA RF STAGE multiple stages of modulation. r a filter tuned to 16 KHZ DEMODULAa filter to 624 KHZ IFtuned = fi = 16KHZ = 624KHZ fo IF = fi -TOR) TOR) THE MIXER MAY HAVE AT ITS INPUT which THE MIXER MAY HAVE AT ITS INPUT rejects 12KHZ; which rejects 620KHZ fo+fs FOLLOWING FREQUENCIES: FOLLOWING FREQUENCIES:
LETS TAKE SIGNAL FREQUENCY = fs = 300KHZ
The use of multiple stages makes the RF programming adjacent channel rejection fs = 300 KHZ, fsa = 304 KHZ AND fs = 300 KHZ, fsa = 304 KHZ AND completely; adjacent fs+2fi =300 +2x16=332KHZ fs+2fi =300 +2x624=1548KHZ easily possible. is easy. Butfo 332KHZ mayCOAXIAL channel rejection is 300KHZ will The oscillator freq. For The oscillator freq. For 300KHZ will INPUT be 300+16=316KHZ. be 300+624=924KHZ. present at input and difficult. But 1548KHZ (of Hence the O/P of mixer will have Hence the O/P of mixer will have further RF O/P may for I/P strength O/P will contain for I/P O/P stage will contain significant ) AF SECTION OSCILATOR of this have component presence at 16 input is ruled 300 (316-300) 300 624(924-300) 304 12 (316-304) 304 620(924-304) causing poor image out Good image frequency 332 16 (332-316) 332 624 (1548-924) frequency rejection. rejection.
ETL OVERVIEW
Channel 2

Channel 3 & 4 B4LA +12V -12V + 5V
AF Interfaces
NSD50 Teleprot.
Basic equipment
NDD SP AF-Bus P4LB SA
Power amplifier
Main Power Supply B5LA
MO DE SA ND D SP PA H H
E5LA
Converter Converter Summ.Amplifier AF-Channels Non-disconnectable Disconnectable Speech Power amplifier RF-Hybrid
NSK 5 VFT-mod
MO
MO
MO P4LF
PA P1LA P3LA
Telecontr.
Pilot P4LA
Alarm Supervision
P4LG
dB Tel. DE DE P4LC DE P4LD
Option
Channel 3 & 4 Channel 2
ETL OVERVIEW
Basic terms
Absolute power level L [dBm]
The absolute power level L defines by how many dB a signal strength Px is greater or less than the reference power P0 = 1 mW: L = 10 log -----1 mW Px [dBm]
Absolute voltage level Lu [dBu] The absolute voltage level Lu defines by how many dB a signal voltage Ux is greater or less than the reference voltage U0 = 775 mV: Lu = 20 log
------775 mV
Ux
[dBu]
ETL OVERVIEW
Basic terms
Conversion to another system impedance If the voltage level is measured at a correctly terminated point of the system and referred to 600 Ohm, the value of Lu is the same as the power level L. The value must be converted as follows for other impedances Z: 600 Ohm Lu [dBu] = L [dBm] - 10 log
-------Z [Ohm]
Example: The power level at the 75 Ohm RF O/P of a PLC equipment is given as 40 dBm. What is the voltage level Lu? 600 Ohm Lu = 40 dBm - 10 log
-------- = 31 dBu
75 Ohm
Modern power measuring instruments permit the reference impedance to be set and the level referred to 600 Ohm can be directly read from them.
ETL OVERVIEW
Basic terms
Relative level Lrel [dBr]
The relative level Lrel is used, in order to define the performance of a communications system regardless of channel loading. The dBr value defines the magnitude of the difference in level with respect to the (virtual) reference point (0dBr). Previously the two-wire I/P was taken as the reference point in telephony systems, which corresponds to the I/P of the AF hybrid in a PLC system. As with the dBm value, the relative system level (dBr) is equivalent to a power level. Absolute signal level Lo [dBmo] In order to compare signal in relation to acommon base level they are defined in relation to asystem ref. Point with a relative level of 0dBr.
ETL OVERVIEW
Power allocation to speech and VFT channels

AF signals Signal levels Absolute voltage levels at the test sockets TXAF (-10 dBr) Weighting 1.0 dBu -10
dBm0 Speech test tone 800 Hz Internal test tone 1000 Hz Speech with safety margin VFT channels and modems 50 Bd 100 Bd 200 Bd 600 Bd 1200 Bd, V.23 1200 Bd + speech 2400 Bd Max. permissible load with speech plus superimposed channels Pilot tone 0
+3
1.41
-7
-14 -11 -8 -3 0 -3 0 +10.8
0.2 0.28 0.4 0.71 1 0.71 1.0 3.48
-24 -21 -18 -13 -10 -13 -10 +0.8
-6
0.5
-16
ETL BLOCK DIGARM & PROGRAMMING
WHY THE PILOT IS STRONGER IN ETL?

MULTI PURPOSE PILOT
AGC FUNCTION
SIGNALLING GUARD SIGNAL FOR TELEPROTECTION
SYNCHRONISATION
AS TELEPHONY SIGNALLING CHANNEL REF. FOR SIGNAL QUALITY CHECK
REMOTE LOOP CHECK
Instructions to be followed
In the next slide shown the ETL setup has modules with information icons or . To see information about that particular module click the ETLon BLOCK DIAGRAM AND icon present the module When the information reachesPROGRAMMING at the end there will be a back arrow icon . Click on the icon and you will be back again at the ETL set up. In case you want to skip over to next section; click on the forward icon .
ETL BLOCK DIGARM & Power Line Carrier ETL Family Training PROGRAMMING ETL 41 Single Channel Equipment 40 Watt with speech (4wire) + 1 data modem NSK5 and 2 teleprotection commands
Module layout, example P7LA Power shelf
Program
B5LA Power Supply 48 VDC

Channel 1 O4LATelcontrol interf. O4LC 4-wirePAXintrf.
E5LA/B Tx-Filter
P3LB RF-Hybrid
P4LG Carrier synth.
6R
P4LA Pilot+Supervn
P4LD Rx-converter
P4LB AF-converter
B4LA DC-converter
G4AA DSP-Modul
G4AE Modem NSK5
G4AC Interface
9R
4R
6R
6R
7R
6R
6R
4R
4R
8R
P4LC IF-converter
10R
8R
Channel shelf basic equipm.
User interface NSD 50
Power shelf
Option
P4LF Tx--RF-conv.
P7LB Channel shelf
Power ampl. 40 W

Function
Level/Level range
Remarks
4-wire PAX interface O4LB

4-wire I/P 600 Ohm -3.5 dBr standard -20 up to +10 dBr -3.5 dBr standard -20 up to +10 dBr 0V -12.5 V adjustable in steps of 0.25 dB
4-wire O/P 600 Ohm
adjustable in steps of 0.25 dB external contact closed external contact open opto-coupler on O4LB "ON" "OFF"
M-SIGNALLING "MARK" "SPACE" E-SIGNALLING "MARK" "SPACE" SPEECH CONTROL"ON "OFF"
0V -12.5 V
external contact closed compandor off external contact open compandor on potentially-free contact on O4LB closed open
PAX BLOCKING "ON" "OFF"
O4LB 4 WIRE PAX INTERFACE

FOR CONNECTING 4 WIRE SPEECH SIGNALS AND ASSOCIATED SIGNALLING (E, M, SPEECH CONTROL ETC)TO EXCHANGE. ALSO HAS OPTIONAL HANDSET FACILITY
TX SPEECH PATH: A6-C6---INPUT TRANSFORMER --- INPUT AMPLIFIER WITH ADJ.GAIN S1----HIGH PASS FILTEROF 300HZ-- (COMPRESSOR)---LIMITER---PROGRAMMABLE(1800-3600HZ) FILTER--C13 AF BUS
RX SPEECH PATH: FROM AF BUS A20--PROGRAMMABLE (1800-3600HZ) FILTER--(EXPANDER)-OUTPUT AMPLIFIER WITH GAIN ADJ S3 O/P AMPLIFIER--A8-C8
HANDSET SIGNALS: IN THE TX PATH ENTRY BEFORE HIGH PASS FILTER; IN THE RX PATH BEFORE S3 THROUGH AMPLIFIER
SLOW MUTE: BLOCKS RX WHEN SIGNAL QUALITY LOW RX SPEECH OFF- WHEN NSD 50 TRIPPING PRESENT SYNT- CLOCK REQD FOR PROGRAMMABLE FILTER
M SIGNAL (TX) PATH: A26-C26--OPTO-- BUFFER--FILTER-- C31 M WIRE

E SIGNAL (RX) PATH: A31-- BUFFER--FILTER- OPTO--A30-C30. BUSY LED LITS FOR HIGH E/M SPEECH CONTROL : A24-C24-- OPTO TO MAKE COMPANDER ON /OFF FOR LOCAL/TRANSIT
O4LB: 4 WIRE PAX INTERFACE PROGRAMMING:

I/P (TX) LEVEL: SWITCH S1 (DEFAULT -3.5dBr) O/P (RX) LEVEL: SWITCH S3 (DEFAULT -3.5 dBr) LOW PASS FILTER: FROM 1800HZ TO 3400HZ THROUGH JUMPERS GH,GG,GE,GF,GD COMPANDER: CF PERMANENTLY OUT OFF CIRCUIT; CX EXTERNALLY CONTROLLED,CO PERMANENTLY IN CIRCUIT ( WHEN CONTACTS CLOSED BECOMES OUT OFF CIRCUIT)
PILOT SWITCHING: NORMAL FREQUENCY TC (TX); RC (RX) INVERTED MARK SPACE TD (TX); RD (RX)
O4LC: 2/4 WIRE PAX INTERFACE

2/4-wire PAX interface O4LC
2-wire I/P 600 Ohm
0 dBr standard -16 to +6 dBr adjustable in steps of 0.25 dB -7 dBr standard -16 to +6 dBr adjustable in steps of 0.25 dB -3.5 dBr standard -20 to +10 dBr adjustable in steps of 0.25 dB -3.5 dBr standard -20 to +10 dBr adjustable in steps of 0.25 dB "MARK" "SPACE" 0V -12.5 V external contact closed external contact open opto-coupler on O4LC "OFF" 0V -12.5 V 0V -12.5 V external contact closed, external contact open "ON"
2-wire O/P 600 Ohm
4-wire I/P 600 Ohm
4-wire O/P 600 Ohm
M-SIGNALLING
E-SIGNALLING "MARK" "SPACE" HYBRID "ON" "OFF" "ON" "OFF"
hybrid in hybrid out
SPEECH CONTROL
external contact closed, 4-wire level compandor off external contact open, 2-wire level compandor on potentially-free contact on O4LC closed open
PAX BLOCKING "ON" "OFF"
O4LC: 2/4 WIRE PAX INTERFACE DETAILS & PROGRAMMING

FOR CONNECTING 4 WIRE SPEECH SIGNALS AND ASSOCIATED SIGNALLING (E, M, SPEECH CONTROL ETC)TO EXCHANGE. ALSO HAS OPTIONAL HANDSET FACILITY
O4LC IS SIMILAR TO O4LB EXCEPT THAT IT HAS ADDITIONAL SWITCHABLE HYBRID WITH ADDITIONAL GAIN ADJUSTMENT S2 &S4 FOR 2WIRE TRANS /RECEIVE ALIGNMENT.
2 WIRE SIGNALS COMING OVER A2-C2 ARE CONNECTED TO HYBRID VIA INPUT TRANSFORMER. THE HYBRID IS CONNECTED TO TX RX PATHS BY MEANS OF SWITCHES OPERATED BY HYBRID CONTROL.
THE SPEECH CONTROL SELECTS 4 WIRE PATHS WHEN MADE HIGH; APART FROM OPTIONALLY SWITCHING THE COMPANDER.
JUMPER PROGRAMMING: SIMILAR TO O4LB ADDITIONAL JUMPER PROGRAMMING: 2 OR 2/4 WIRE MODE TA; JUST 4 WIRE MODE TB
FOR O4LD
O4LD REMOTE SUBSCRIBER INTERFACE

FOR CONNECTING 2 WIRE COONECTIONS TO EXCHANGE/ SUBSCRIBER. ALSO HAS OPTIONAL HANDSET FACILITY
THE PRINT FACILITATES TWO MODES OF OPERATION : PAX TO SUBSCRIBER AND HOTLINE(POINT TO POINT
IN THE FIRST MODE THE PAX SIDE O4LD DETECTS RING RHYTHM FROM THE PAX AND SEND IT TO REMOTE SUBSCRIBER THROUGH M SIGNAL WHICH ARRIVES AS E AT THE OTHER END. THE SUBSCRIBER SIDE O4LD AT THIS END DETECTS IT AND SIMILAR RING RHYTHM IS SUPERIMPOSED ON THE RINGING FREQUENCY AND FED TO THE SUBSCRIBER.; WHEN RECEIVER LIFTS THE PHONE IT DETECTS THE LOOP CONDITION AND PASS ON THE INFORMATION OVER M CHANNEL TO THE OTHER END. HERE THE PAX SIDE O4LD RECEIVES IT OVER E WIRE AND OFFERS LOOP CONDITION TO THE PAX. PAX STOPS APPLYING RINGING VOLTAGE AND THE SPEECH PATH IS MADE THROUGH. WHEN SUBSCRIBER DIALS THE DIALLING PULSES ARE CONVEYED TO THE PAX SIDE VIA THE M-E CHANNEL AND IT OFFERS CLOSED LOOPS TO PAX ACCORDINGLY. IN HOT LINE CONNECTION BOTH SIDES O4LD ARE SIMILAR. WHEN A SUBSCRIBER LIFTS ITS HANDSET, LOCAL O4LD DETECTS CLOSED LOOP AND THE OPPOSITE END OVER M WIRE THE CLOSED LOOP CONDITION IS INFORMED. AT OPPOSITE END RINGING VOLTAGE IS APPLIED TO THE SUBSCRIBER PHONE TILL THE HANDSET IS LIFTED. DURING THIS TIME THE CALLING PARTY GETS 400HZ RING BACK TONE. WHEN BOTH PHONES ARE OFFHOOK COMMUNICATION IS ESTABLISHED.
O4LD REMOTE SUBSCRIBER INTERFACE

THE PRINT HAS ALL THE REQUIRED OTHER UNITS LIKE FILTER; COMANDER ETC. THE HYBRID DIVIDES THE SIGNALS IN TO TX AND RX PATHS. PROGRAMMING MODE: REMOTE SUBSCRIBER/ POINT TO POINT INTERFACE S1, S2, S3 PAX INTERFACE P1, P2,P3 SWITCH S7: FOR RING SEQUENCE/ RING FREQUENCY
2 WIRE INPUT (TX) LEVEL : S5

2 WIRE OUTPUT (RX) LEVEL: S6 LOW PASS FILTER: S8 COMPANDER: CF PERMANENTLY OUT; CO: PERMANENTLY IN
SIGNALLING: TC; RC NORMAL FREQUECY, TD, RD INVERTED MARK SPACE
O4LA: TELECONTROL INTERFACE :

I/Ps INPUT 1, 2, 3 Impedance 600 Ohm Setting range Remarks -20 to +10 dBr Steps of 0.25 dB All I/P's can be programmed to be disconnectable or non-disconnectable.
I/P 2 can be programmed as transit filter I/P or as broadband I/P O/P's OUTPUT 1, 2, 3
600 Ohm
-20 to +10 dBr
Steps of 0.25 dB All O/P's can be programmed as transit filter O/P or as broadband O/P
O4LA: TELECONTROL INTERFACE :

3 DC ISOLATED INPUTS (TX) AS WELL AS 3 ISOLATED OUTPUTS (RX) THE INPUT TX SIGNALS LEVELS CAN BE ADJUSTED BY USING SWITCHES S1,S2,S3 (WITH STEPS OF 0.25dB)AND THEN CAN BE CONNECTED TO TX ND OR TX-D BUS. THE OUTPUT RX SIGNALS CAN BE TAKEN FROM THE BROADBAND RX SIGNAL OF 3.85K OR OPTIONAL 3.6KHZ FILTERED SIGNAL FROM P4LB. THE LEVELS CAN BE ADJUSTED WITH S4, S5, S6. OPTIONAL TRANSIT FILTER E1LA: THIS OPTIONAL FILTER CAN BE FITTED IN EITHER 2ND TXINPUT CHANNEL OR ANY COMBINATION OF RX-OUTPUT CHANNEL. THE START AND STOP FREQUENCIES CAN BE ADJUSTED WITHIN BAND OF 360HZ TO 3720HZ IN STEPS OF 60 HZ.
O4LA: TELECONTROL INTERFACE :PROGRAMMING (JUMPER)

DISCONNECTABLE BUS: I/P1-TB, I/P2-TD,I/P3-TF; NONDISCONNECTABLE BUS: I/P1-TA, I/P2-TC,I/P3-TE; I/P2 : DIRECT TG; THROUGH(OPTIONAL) E1LA:TH,TI (RI,RC,RF,RK OPEN) SIGNALS O/P1 O/P2 O/P3 E1LA SETTINGS: 3.85K 3.6K TRANSIT E1LA (TH,TI OPEN) RA RB RC,RI RD RE RF,RI RG RH RK,RI HIGH PASS FRE. SWITCHES CD ON E1LA: 300+CD*60 LOW PASS FRE. SWITCHES AB ON E1LA: 360+AB*60 STANDARD 10 OPTIONS SELECTABLE BY SETTING D FROM 0 TO 9 WITH ABC =990 FAST(THROUGH NSD50):RL SLOW(WHEN RX QUALITY POOR): RM
O/P3 MUTING:
P4LB: AF CONVERTOR :TX SECTION

ALL AF INPUTS ARE MIXED AND MODULTED WITH 16 KHZ. THE PRODUCT IS FILTERED (<20KHZ) AND PASSED ON TO P4LC.
AF INPUTS TO P4LA:
TX D;TX-ND FROM O4LA; TX SPEECH FROM O4LB/C/D; TX-AF(FROM NSD50);TX TEST TONE;TX PILOT(FROM P4LA) AUX AF INPUTFROM EXT.:TRANSIT AF OR EXT.TELEPROTECTION
BOOST LOGIC: TX SPEECH OFF(NSD50): CUTS SPEECH;AUX AF(IF TRANSIT);TEST TONE PILOT SWITCH(NSD50): CUTS PILOT BOOST(NSD50): CUTS TX-D , TRANSIT AUX AF;TEST TONE) BOOSTS TX-AF; SETS 0dB GAIN FOR EXTERNAL PROTECTION AUX BOOST(FROM EXT.TELEPROTECTION): CUTS TX-D; TX-SPEECH; TEST TONE; SETS POWER BOOSTING FOR EXTERNAL TELEPROTECTION
P4LB: AF CONVERTOR :RX SECTION

IF SIGNAL IS EQUALIZED AND DEMODULTED WITH 16 KHZ. THE PRODUCT IS FILTERED (<20KHZ) AND PASSED ON TO AF BUSES. PATH: EQUILIZER: OPTIONALLY SWITCHED ON OTHERWISE BYPASSED LIMITER: LIMITS THE AMPLITUDE 20KHZLOW PASS FILTER: REMOVES HIGHER FREQ. ELEMENTS DEMODULATOR AND FILTER: DEMODULATES WIH 16KHZ AND FILTERS OUT SIGNAL LESS THAN 3.85KHZ. GAIN ADJUSTMENT: ADJUSTS LEVEL OF AF SIGNAL OPTIONAL 3.6KHZ FILTER: SEPARATES OUT PILOT FOR TELECONTROL CARD O4LA OR AUX AF OUT. E CHANNEL FOR AUX INPUT: E WIRE SIGNAL IS FORWARDED TO AUX . CHL FROM E WIRE.
P4LB: AF CONVERTOR : TX SECTION PROGRAMMING

AUX INPUT LEVEL: R65+R66 INPUT TRANSITAUX AFCHANNEL: TF INPUT EXTERNAL PROTECTION:TE AUX EXT. TELPROTECTION BOOST: DC ISOLATED-TA,TC; NOT ISOLATED-TB,TD POSSIBLE BOOST LEVELS: 0dB, 5dB, 7dB, 9dB;THOUGH SWITCH S1-- (S1-1,2,3,4-NSD50) & (S1-5,6,7,8 FOR EXTERNAL TELEPROTECTION)
RX SECTION PROGRAMMING
AUX AF O/PLEVEL -10dBr RI OPEN; -3.5dBr RI IN OUTPUT TRANSITAUX AF CHANNEL: RE OUTPUT EXTERNAL PROTECTION: RF EQULISATION: THROUGH SWITCHES S2, S3 AND JUMPERS RA,RB,RC,RD.
P4LC: IF CONVERTOR : TX SECTION

THE INPUT COMING FROM P4LB IS FIRST FILTERED FOR 16.3KHZ TO 19.85KHZ; PASSED ON TO MIXER WHICH MIXES WITH 2ND IF( 640KHZ FOR 1/3 CHL AND 636 KHZ FOR 2/4 CHL). THE O/P (624-620KHZ FOR 1/3 CHL &620-61KHZ FOR 2/4 CHL) IS FILTERED BY LOW PASS FREQUENCY AND BALANCED O/P IS PASSED TO NEXT SECTION. THE FRE. 640KHZ/160KHZ REQD FOR 1/3 CHL IS DERIVED FROM 7.68MHZ SIGNAL FROM P4LG. THE FRE. 636KHZ/156KHZ REQD FOR 2/4 CHL IS DERIVED FROM 1272KHZ /312KHZ SIGNAL FROM P4LI. SELCTION OF IF2 IS CONTROLLED BY V9LK CHANNEL LINK OF 2/4TH CHANNEL.
RX SECTION
THE SIGNAL FROM P4LD(P4LE) IS IN THE RANGE 144-140KHZ(140-136KHZ) . THEY ARE FIRST DEMODULTED WITH 160KHZ(156KHZ); FILTERD IN THE BAND 16.3KHZ TO 19.85KHZ AND THEN PASSED ON TO AGC AMPLIFIER. THIS FILTER OFFERS MAIN SELECTIVITY OF RECEIVER.THE AGC VOLTAGES VARIES IN ACCORDNCE WITH RECEIVER SIGNAL STRENGTH AND PROVIDED BY P4LA. THIS IS FOLLOWED BY ANOTHER AMPLIFIER WHOSE GAIN CAN BE INCREASED BY 10dB BY SELECTING RX LOW DISTORTION ON BACKPLANE
P4LF: TX RF CONVERTOR :
THE INPUTS COMING FROM P4LC OF FIRST(624-620KHZ) AND SECOND(620-616KHZ) CHANNELS ARE FIRST SUMMED IN A SUMMATION AMPLIFIER ;FILTERED FOR RANGE 616624KHZ AND GAIN ADJUSTED. LATER THEY ARE MODULATED WITH TXFC AND FILTERD OUT BY A LOWPASS FILTER OF 500KHZ. THE TXFC IS fTXCHANNEL + 624KHZ FOR 1&2 CHANNELS AND FOR 3&4 TH CHANNELS IT IS fTXCHANNEL + 632KHZ . THE FILTERED OUTPUT IS FED TO GAIN ADJUSTMENT UNIT WHOSE SETTING IS DONE WITH SWITCH S1. THE SETTING IOF S1 IS DONE DEPENDING UPON INPUT LOADING. AN ADDITIONAL TRIMMER IS ALSO PROVIDED FOR ALLOWINGCHANGES DUE TO HYBRID /TRANSMIT FILTER. THE TXFC IS SET IN THE P4LG.THE P4LF RECEIVES 2TXFC FROM P4LG. IT IS FILTERD AND PASSED TO P4LA FOR EVALUTION AND ALSO TO HYBRID THROUGH SWITCH. WHEN THE LOCAL LOOP MODULE P3LK IS INSERTED IN PLACE OF P3LA/B IT IS EVALUATED IN P4LA AND THE SWICH IS CLOSED SO THAT P3LK RECEIVES THE TRANSMITTER FREQUENCY.
P4LF: TX RF CONVERTOR :SETTTING TX LEVEL FOR ETL41/42

POWER T [dBm]: T(RF) [dBu]: S(W1): test tone level at the RF O/P across the dummy load. test tone level at the test sockets RF LINE on P3LB. 0 dBu corresponds to 10 W sum of the voltage weighting of all the channel 1 signals including the pilot sum of the voltage weighting of all the channel 2 signals including the pilot
S(W2):
S(W) = S(W1) + S(W2)

Permissible allocation to the channels for one and two-channel operation ETL41: 2.4 < S(W) 3.5 ETL42: 3.0 < S(W) 7.0
S:
setting on P4LF

1) Sum of the channel 1 voltage weightings: S(W1) S(W1) = [n0*1.41 + n1*0.2 + n2*0.28 + n3*0.4 + n4*0.71 + n5*1.0(0.71) + n6*1.0 + 0.5] where: n0 = 1, for speech, otherwise n = 0;n1=No. of 50 Baud data channels;n2=No. of 100 Baud data channels;n3=No. of 200 Baud data channels;n4 =No. of 600 Baud data channels;n5=No. of 1200 Baud data channels,1200 Bd V.23: weighting 1.0; 1200 Bd above speech channel: weighting 0.71 n6 = 1, for a 2400 Bd data channel, otherwise 0 Channel 2:The calculation of S(W2) is the same as for S(W1), but with the channel 2 signal allocation. 2) Setting on P4LF: S S = S(W) - 0.5 3) Transmitter test tone level at the RF O/P: POWER T = LPEP - 20*log S(W) (dBm) where: LPEP(dBm): transmitter power available +45 dBm with 40 W equipment Note: The RF test tone level POWER T applies to channel 1 and channel 2.
4)
Test tone level at the test sockets on P3LB: T(RF)

T(RF) = POWER T - 40 dB [dBu]

Example ETL 41 Allocation: speech + 600 Bd Sum of channel 1 voltage weightings: S(W1) Setting on P4LF: S S = S(W) - 0.5 S = 2.6 - 0.5 = 2.1 Sum of channel 1 voltage weightings: S(W1) S(W) = S(W1) = [1.41 + 0.71 + 0.5] = 2.62 which is rounded to S(W) = 2.6
Setting on P4LF: S
Transmitter test tone level at the RF O/P: POWER T POWER T = 45 dBm - 20*log [2.6] = 36.7 dBm Test tone level at the test sockets on P3LB: T(RF)
T(RF) = 36.7 dBm - 40 dB = -3.3 dBu

Example ETL 41 Allocation: NSK 5 2400 Bd Sum of channel 1 voltage weightings: S(W1) S = 2.4 - 0.5 = 1.9 S(W) = S(W1) = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5 Since the available setting range is 2.4 < S(W) < 3.5, S(W) = 2.4 has to be chosen.
Setting on P4LF: S
Transmitter test tone level at the RF O/P: POWER T Power T = 45 dBm - 20 log 2.4 = 37.4 dBm Test tone level at the test sockets on P3LB: T(RF)
T(RF) = 37.4 dBm - 40 dB = -2.6 dBu
P1LA: TX POWER AMPLIFIER

SIGNAL FROM CHL1 & 2 COMES OVER TXRF12; SIGNAL FROM CHL3 & 4 COMES OVER TXRF34; PATH: I/P TRANSFORMER--AGC AMPLIFIER--PREAMPLIFIER--DRIVER-PUSHPULL AMPLIFIER--- OUTPUT TRANSFORMER. INPUT & OUTOUT TRANSFORMERS: ISOLATES THE POWER AMPLIFIERS DC SUPPLY 9TAKEN FROM B5LA)FROM OTHER PARTS OF THE EQUIPMENTS. AGC AMPLIFIER: SENSES THE EMITER CURRENTS OF THE POWER TRANSISTORS ADJUSTS GAIN PREAMPLIFIER: COMBINED CURRENT AND SUPPLY VOLTAGE BASED REGULATION TO MINIMUM DISTORTION DRIVER CIRCUIT: LOW SOURSE IMPEDANCE PUSH PULL AMPLIFIER: MAIN GAIN SUPERVISION: MONITORS CURRENT AS WELL AS SUPPLY VOLTAGE; TRIMER FOR SETTING THRESHOLD FOR TX LEVEL ALARM; THE STATUS OF ALRM CHECKED BY P4LA.
TRNSMIT FILTER E5LA/B FUNCTIONS:

REMOVES SPURIOUS EMISSIONS OF POWER AMPLIFIER COMING OVER LINE HIGH IMPEDANCE FOR OTHER FREQUENCIES PARALLELING OF EQUIPMENTS PROTECTION TO POWER AMPILFIER FROM LINE SURGES/SPIKES ETC.
PASSES VIA HYBRID; AND REURNED AGAIN TO HYBRID.
CAN BE TUNED AT SITE ; CENTER FERQ. CANBE ADJUSTED BY FOUR SETS OF CAP.C11--C28. FINE TUNING BY COIL L1, L2.
E5LA FOR 100-500KHZ RANGE E5LB FOR 24-500KHZ RANGE
HYBRID P3LB; P3LA DECOUPLES TX AND RX SECTION

TRANS HYBRID ATTENUATION MUST FOR ADJUCENT TX -RX CHANNELS
IMPEDANCE MATCHING: FOR 75 OHM JUMPERS 75OHM,CM FOR 125 OHM JUMPER 125 OHM FOR 16KHZ BANDWIDTH ON P3LB: T3;T4 AND REMOVE TA,TB.
JUMPERS RA;RP & LALO;CA..CO FOR TRANSHYBRID ATTENUATION

RECEIVER RX LEVEL ADJ FOR AGC SETTING.
P4LD/P4LE RX RF CONVERTOR
CONVERTS RX TO BAND OF 144-140 (& 144-136 FOR P4LE) PATH: 1. FILTER TUNABLE(FIRST LEVEL OF SELECTION) MAIN PURPOSE SUPPRESSION OF LOCAL TX FREQ. 2. DEMODULATION TO 624-620KHZ(624-616KHZ FOR P4LE) WITH RXFC(DERIVED FROM 2RXFCFROM P4LG) 3. FILTER FOR THE ABOVE BAND 4. DEMODULATION WITH 480 KHZ (DERIVED FROM 7.68M OF P4LG) TO 144-140 KHZ(144136KHZ) 5. FILTER FOR ABOVE BAND RXFC FORWARDED TO HYBRID.
P4LG: FREQUENCY SYNTHESISER

QUARTZ CRYSTAL BASED VCXO GENERATES 7.68MHZ AND 16KHZ . VCXO CAN BE PROGRAMMED AS SLAVE/ MASTER BY JUMPERS SA,SB OR MA,MB. IN SLAVE MODE THE ERROR VOLTAGE GENERATED BY P4LA AFTER COMAPERING 16KHZ LOCAL AND THE RECEIVED; IS USED TO CORRECT THE FERQUENCY DIFFERENCE. THIS VOLTAGE IS CALLED RX SYNC VOLTAGE.. THE RANGE FOR THIS IS 6.0+/-2.0V PLL TX USES 16KHZ AND GENERATES TXFC AS WELL AS 2TXFC FREQ. IT CALSO GENERATES 16 KHZ AND COMPARES WITH 16KHZ OF VCXO AND CORRECTS ITS FREQUENCY. THE ERROR VOLTAGE IS CALLED TX VCO AND SHOULD BE WITHIN RANGE OF 1.6 TO 2.0V PLL RX USES 16KHZ AND GENERATES RXFC AS WELL AS 2TXFC FREQ. IT CALSO GENERATES 16 KHZ AND COMPARES WITH 16KHZ OF VCXO AND CORRECTS ITS FREQUENCY.THE ERROR VOLTAGE IS CALLED RX VCO AND SHOULD BE WITHIN RANGE OF 1.6 TO 2.0V THE TXFC AND RXFC ARE SELECTED BY USING PROPER JUMPERS AND WHILE DOING PROPER JUMPER CONDITION SHOULD BE OBSERVED FOR ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE.
B4LA; B5LA B5LA 48V STABILISER

CONTAINS FILTER AND PROTECTION CIRCUIT AT ITS INPUT TO PROTECT FROM INRUSH CURRENT. THE FILTERED OUTPUT IS PROVIDED AS AUX SUPPLY TO POWER AMPLIFIER P1LA. F2 IS FOR OVERLOAD PROTECTION
B4LA DC DC CONEVERTOR
IT CONVERTS THE 48 IN COMING FROM B5LA TO REQD SUPPLY VOLTAGES OF 12, -12, AND 5V.
P4LA PILOT AND SUPERVISION CARD

GENERATES PILOT AND MODULATES WITH M SIGNAL; CHECKS HEALTHY NESS OF TX PILOT (CONVEYS THE SAME TO NSD-50) GENERATES TEST TONE (1000HZ) TEST GENERATOR 800HZ/3000HZ; 0dBm/-3.5dBm DEMODULATES RX PILOT AND GENERATES E SIGNAL FOR TELEPHONY INTERFACES. CHECKS THE RX LEVEL STRENGTH AND SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO FOR RECEIVER. RX LEVEL BUFFER IS INDICATED BY 2 DIGIT DISPLAY FACILITATES REMOTE LOOP FUNCTION DISPLAYS ERROR CODES FOR DIFFERENT ALARMS WHEN TEST TONE CALL BUTTON PRESSED OVER 2DIGIT DISPLAY. POWER SUPPLY/ TX/RX ALARMS BY LED INDICATION SYNCHRONISES RECEIVER IN CASE OF SLAVE STATION.
ETL TESTING FACILITIES
Local Loop Test Dummy load Frequency conversion RF-TX / RF-RX Remote Loop Facilities Fully remote controlled Received signal of any AF-frequency is transmitted back at fixed amplitude, allowing channel frequency response measurements and equalization from one location Test signal generator 800 Hz and 3000 Hz Display of AGC voltage and error codes

ULoc

UOpp
UOpp
Amplitude Equalization (tracking filter)
fx
fy Local station
G
fx
AF
IF/ RF
RF/ IF
Tracking AF Filter
PLC
dB
AF
RF/ IF
IF/ RF
AF
ULoc
UOpp
fx
fy
fx
Remote Loop closed fy
fx f input = foutput Opposite station fy
fy
ETL TESTING
ETL TESTING
TEST METHOD : SILENT FEATURES (NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR TEST PROCEDURE ACTUAL SUPPLYED WITH TUNING INSTRUCTIONS)
1. BEFORE SWITCH ON; CHECK THE PROGRAMMING IS DONE AS PER THE REQUIREMENT IN CONSULTATIONS WITH TUNING INSTRUCTION. ENSURE THAT THE ETL IS TERMIANETD ON A PROPER LOAD (ACTUAL LINE/DUMMY LOAD OF 75OHM/P3LK THE LOOP CARD) 2. CHECK THE INPUT POWER SUPPLY AND FIRM EARTH CONNECTION. 3. AFTER SWITCH ON CHECK THE POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGES /ALARMS ON B5LA;B4LA;P4LA. 4. CHECK THE FREQUENCIES AND VCO/AFC VOLTAGES ON P4LG. 5. VERIFY THAT THE TEST TONE LEVEL AND PILOT LEVEL GENERATED IN P4LA IS CORRECT. 6. ALIGN THE TRANSMITTER USING TEST TONE. CHECK THE LEVEL AT COAXIAL. * THE P4LF SWITCH S SETTINGS SHOULD BE CHECKED WHETHER IT IS AS PER CALCULATIONS. 7. IN RECEVER SIDE FIRST PROPER INPUT LEVEL AT COAXIAL. 8. ADJUST THE AGC (P4LA-2DIGIT DISPLAY) TO 26. 9.EITHER ENABLE THE REMOTE LOOP FUNCTION / ASK SOMEBODY TOPRESS CALL BUTTON AT OPPOSITE END TO MEASURE RX LEVEL AT P4LB. 10. CARRY OUT THE TELEPHONY/ TELCONTROL INTERFACE TX /RX TESTING. 11. FOR FAULT IDENTIFICATION PRESS THE CALL BUTTON; CHECK ERROR CODE ON P4LB DISPLAY; FOR MEANING REFER INSTRUCTIONS MANUAL.

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Power Line Carrier ETL Family Training Program

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FEATURES REQUIRED FOR POWER SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS:

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P7LA P7LA P7LB P7LB

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ETL 82 Double Channel 80 Watt

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Versions for 3 or 4 channel operation P7LA P7LA P7LB

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ETL 84 Four Channel 80 Watt

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