Interactive Textbook

Greeces Geographic Features, Classical Mythology, and culture

By: a!antha Ma""ei, #hdia Fuller, $oshua %illia!s, &ie'elle ) (entura, $ordan #sano

Contents
%hats in this book Unit #1- Geography of Greece
Chapter 1 Geography Chapter 2 Agriculture

Unit #2- Mythology

Chapter 3- the Gods and Goddesses Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus Persephone, Amphitrite, Hera Apollo and Artemis Demeter Ares Chapter 4- creatures and monsters edusa, !theno and "uyale Pegasus and Chrysaor Cer#erus Hydra $ates

Chapter 1: Geography of Greece

Greece is bordered by the Mediterranean ea and co!pletely surrounded by +ater, It is kno+n as barren and rocky, and due to the !onstrous !ountain ranges, it is hard "or trade to take place, There is not very !uch rain"all and the +eather is drastically hot upon the dry ground +hich is not good "or the "ar!ers +ho go through !any shortages due to this +eather,

Chapter 2: Agriculture
The nor!al Greek diet consists o" !any di""erent types o" !eat -!ostly "ish., vegetables and sugars, Most "ish you !ay "ind there are s/uid, octopus and !any other kinds o" "ish +hile the "ruits and vegetables "ound there are grapes, olives, and beans, #s "or the sugars in their diets, honey is extre!ely co!!on,

$armers here pay large amounts o% money on their ta&es, e'en during the many droughts they go through( )n these %arms, animals li*e sheep, horses, don*eys, and goats are raised mainly %or %ood(

+our teacher ,ill ma*e up comprehensi'e -uestions on a sheet that you must ans,er in the most creati'e ,ay possi#le( +ou ,ill ha'e a ,ee* to ma*e a pro.ect ,ith these ans,ers hidden inside o% it and /H)! P012"C/ 3!/ 4" )5/"0AC/)6" $10 "6"0+15" 6)"7)5G A5D A8)5G )/( 7hile ma*ing this pro.ect, %ind a ,ay to incorporate some o% the character %rom Gee* ythology( +ou ,ill learn a#out them in the ne&t unit(

Do an activity!

Chapter 3-1: Zeus, Hades, and oseidon

Zeus
1eus is kno+n as the ruler o" the sky and rain, and is the supre!e ruler over all other gods, 2e is usually kno+n to have a lightning bolt as a +eapon and and is the god o" !ercy, 3eople say that he cares "or the +eak, and this can be properly vouched "or in the cases o" the three "ates, In their story, they decide +hen people +ould die, but +hen the +eak, or those he "avored, had their 4ti!e5 approach the!, he +ould extend the lives o" those +ho deserved it +hile he +ould cut short the lives o" the +icked, 1eus is !arried to his o+n sister, 2era,

Hades
2ades is the ruler o" the under+orld and the god o" +ealth, Many re"er to hi! as the God o" the dead because o" his ho!e and ho+ !any are tortured there, 2e is !arried to 3ersephone, +ho he kidnapped, and she stays +ith hi! every "all and +inter,

Poseidon
3oseidon is the ruler o" all seas and +ater+ays and carries a trident, a three pointed spear that can shake the earth and shatter any ob6ect, as a +eapon, It +as said that he created the very "irst horse, Many sea !en +orship hi!, and he is !arried to #!phitrite,

/he three goddesses are sho,n %rom le%t to right9 Hera, Amphitrite, and Persephone Chapter 3-2: ersephone, !"phitrite, and Hera

Persephone
3ersephone is the daughter o" 8e!eter and 1eus, and +as kidnapped by 2ades and "orced to !arry hi!, It +as said that +hen she disappeared, 8e!eter held a search party "or her, and due to an arrange!ent 2ades !ade, she +as "ree to go in the su!!er and spring, but in the "all and +inter, she has to live +ith hi!,

Amphitrite
#!phitrite is the goddess o" the sea and !other o" all sea creatures, $ust like 3ersephone, she +as kidnapped, but +hen she ran a+ay, a dolphin "ound her and brought her back to 3oseidon, #"ter she !arried hi!, they had one son na!ed Triton,

Hera
2era is 1euss sister, a supre!e goddess, and the goddess o" !arriage and childbirth, he is also 1euss +i"e and is 9 6ealous o" all o" his a""airs,

Chapter 3-3: !pollo and !rte"is

Apollo
Apollo is *no,n as the 1lympian God o% prophecy and oracles, healing, plague and disease, and protection o% young youth( He is the t,in #rother o% his sister, Artemis, and ,as the child o% Zeus and :eto( 3nli*e his sister, he ,as #orn on the %loating island o% Delos due to Hera trying to *eep his mother %rom #irthing Zeus;s children( 7hen he ,as .ust %our days old, he *illed a Chthonic Dragon Python ,hile protecting his mother( :ater on, Hera sent /ityos to *ill :eto, #ut #oth Artemis and Apollo de%ended their mother until Zeus came and thre, the #east all the ,ay to /artarus ,here 'ultures %ed on its li'er( Apollo is noted %or his many lo'e a%%airs ,ith #oth men and ,omen, and he is also *no,n %or the murders o% the se'en sons o% 5io#e( During the time o% their murders, it ,as said that he hunted each one do,n and shot them, ,ith poisoned arro,s that ,ould *ill instantly, out o% re'enge %or 5io#e #ragging to :eto that she had #ore more children than her(

Artemis
Artemis is the 1lympian Goddess o% hunting, ,ilderness, ,ild animals, and child#irth( !he is the t,in sister o% Apollo and it ,as said that she ,as #orn %irst on the )sland o% 1rtygia, and once she ,as #orn, she immediately helped her mother to Delos( 7hen Hera sent /ityos to murder their mother, she assisted Apollo in de%ending her until Zeus too* the #east and thre, it all the ,ay to /artarus( Artemis is mostly noted %or hunting in mountains and %orests ,ith 5ymphs in attendance( !he is armed ,ith a #o, and arro,, and is also a 'irgin( 2ust li*e her #rother;s arro,s, these are .ust as poisonous and ,ill #ring sudden death to those ,ho come into contact ,ith them( !he has #rought sudden death to mothers in la#or, ra#ies, leprosy, and many other diseases to humans( !he is also noted %or the *illings she has made( 7ith her #rother, she hunted do,n the 14 children o% 5io#e, #ut only *illed the se'en
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2-#: $e"eter
Demeter, also called Ceres (by the Romans), is the goddess of Bountiful Harvest who taught humans to grow, preserve, & prepare again. Also, she was the goddess responsible for creating winter and mystery religious cult. Demeter was the daughter of the Titans, Cronus(Kronos) and Rhea. She spent most of her time with Persephone, her daughter. Demeter was one of the five siblings, Zeus, Hades, Poseidon, Hera, and Hestia. Most gods and goddesses pictured her as a motherly figure. She was known to love and nurture everyone as if they were her own.

2-%: !res
Ares is the Olympian god of war, battle lust, civil order, and manly courage. He was a mature man, with a beard dressed in battle arms, or just a nude beardless youth with a helmet and spear. Hes the son of Zeus and Hera. Hera conceived him by touching a certain flower. Ares is the personification of bold force and strength. Diomedes once wounded Ares. So even though hes the God of war, he can still be defeated though no one can get to his level of strength, courage, and force.

Demeter is sho,n on top ,hile Ares is sho,n on #ottom t,o photos

Chapter 4-1: Medusa,

edusa

theno and !uryale

edusa ,as the only mortal, and also the youngest daughter o% Phorcys and Ceto ,ho ,as not #orn #eneath the ca'erns o% t( 1lympus( )% her name ,as translated in "nglish, it ,ould mean < istress= or <>ueen=( As her legend goes, she ,as a #eauti%ul maiden ,ho had long and gorgeous hair that %reely %lo,ed and shone #eauti%ully in the sun( /here are many 'ersions o% ,hat goes on ne&t in her story( )n one 'ersion, she turned hersel% into a Pegasus and seduced Poseidon in Athena;s temple, and ,hen the enraged Athena %ound out, she turned edusa into a gorgon #ecause o% edusa claiming that she ,as .ealous o% her #eauty( )n another 'ersion o% her story, Poseidon %ound her inside o% Athena;s temple and 'iolently raped her( 7hen Athena caught them, she #lamed edusa o% the happenings due to the Gods not <ha'ing that sort o% a personality=, meaning that the #ig three ,ould ne'er commit such treachery( !o instead o% Poseidon #eing punished, she ga'e her ,rath to edusa and turned her #eauti%ul hair into sna*es and turned her into a hideous monster( )t has #een told that edusa had #irthed t,o children( Her %irst ,as Pegasus( 7hen Poseidon and her ,ere committing adultery, he had managed to get her pregnant( !he remained li*e this until Perseus se'ered her head %rom her #ody( )n her story, Pegasus sprang %rom her nec* and ,ent to #e a ,ild animal until he ,as tamed( Her second child ,as Chrysaor, a ,inged #oar, also sprang %rom her #ody, #ut unli*e Pegasus, he ,as #orn %rom her #lood, not her nec*(

!theno
!theno is the eldest sister o% edusa and "uryale and ,as #orn inside the ca'erns underneath t( 1lympus( Her name, i% translated in "nglish, means <the strong one= and she is noted %or her independence and %erociousness( )t is told in her story that she ,as #orn an immortal Gorgon li*e her sister "uryale, #ut she had *illed more people than #oth o% her sisters com#ined ,hile #eing in this state( 7hen edusa;s head ,as se'ered, she chased a%ter Perseus, the murderer o% edusa, and tried to retrie'e her %allen sister;s head

"uryale
"uryale is the <middle sister= o% !theno and edusa ,ho ,as noted %or her eardrum- #ursting cries( 2ust li*e !theno, she ,as #orn in the ca'erns underneath t( 1lympus and ,as #orn in the state li*e her sister( Her name means <%ar roaming= in "nglish, and in the story o% edusa, ,hen Perseus se'ered her head, she cried louder than she had e'er done #e%ore her and !theno chased Perseus and tried to claim their sister;s head %rom him(

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"egasus
3egasus +as the child o" Medusa and 3oseidon and +as also the brother o" Chrysaor, a +inged boar, 2e +as noted to be a +hite horse +ith +ings 6utting out o" his body +hich enabled hi! to "ly, %hen Medusas head +as severed "ro! her pregnant body, 3egasus shot out o" her neck and "le+ a+ay "ro! the scene, 3egasus re!ained +ild until he +as lured by a golden bridle, a gi"t "ro! #thena that +as in the hands o" Bellerophon, Bellerophon ta!ed 3egasus and rode hi! as he slayed =hi!aira, #s he +as being ridden up to heaven, the gods caused hi! to buck Bellerophon and the !an "ell back do+n to earth +hile 3egasus carried on to go and live in 1euss stables,

Chysaor
Chysaor is also the o""spring o" Medusa and 3oseidon, and is kno+n to have the appearance o" a +inged boar, >nlike 3egasus, +ho +as born "ro! Medusas neck, Chrysaor +as born "ro! her blood, Chysaor did have children though, It +as said that he !arried Callirrhoe, and the both o" the! brought Geryon into the +orld,

2-&: Cer'erus
The Cerberus is the personal pet o" 2ades hi!sel", It is said to be a three headed dog that +as !eant to guard the under+orld, Cerberus is related to the 2ell hound, +hich is like the Cerberus, but has only one head,

Hydra
The @innaean 2ydra -2ydra. is a serpentA like dragon +ith !ultiple heads, It is the o""spring o" Typhon, +ho had )BB heads, and Cchidna, +ho +as hal" !aiden and hal" serpent, This creature +as killed by 2ercules +ho, +hile trying to slay the beast, discovered that "or every head that +as cut o"" "ro! this !onster, t+o !ore heads +ould gro+ back in their places, 2e also "ound that the !iddle head +as practically invincible, and that it spat out "ire unlike all o" its other heads that breathed out poisonous gases that +ould kill anything that breathed the! in in an instant, Cven though its breath +as deadly, 2ercules "ound an even better source o" deadliness +hen he "ound that the blood +as deadly as +ell, and so he dipped his +eapons in its blood to !ake his +eapons even deadlier,

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(ates
Moirai -Fates. are kno+n as three goddesses o" "ate and destiny due to their being able to deter!ine the "ate o" all hu!an beings, 2o+ever, the "ate the three deter!ined "or people +as not set in stone due to the "act that 1eus +as able to change the "ate o" those hu!ans he "avored,
There +ere a total o" three "ates, The "irst, =iotho, +hose na!e !eans 4spinner5, spun the threads o" li"e, @akhesis, the second, +hose na!e !eans 4approacher o" lots5, !easured these threads, #s "or the third, #tropos, +hose na!e !eans 4she +ho cannot be turned5, cut these threads, It +as soon said that these three beca!e kno+n as goddesses o" death by people and +ere called Moirai Thanatoio,

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$o an acti)ity**
Fro! this >nit, you have learned about so!e gods, goddesses, !onsters, creatures, and titans "ro! Greek Mythology, There are !any !ore to kno+ and learn about, but due to lack o" ink and paper, you +ill have to study the! on your o+n i" thats +hat you +ant to do, The activity "or the end o" this chapter +ill need the "ollo+ing !aterials: a hard sur"ace to dra+ and play on -like cardboard., a pencil, colored dra+ing !aterials, scissors, Glue, "lash cards, and !akings "or ga!e pieces, and paper to !ake "ake !oney, In this activity you +ill design a ga!e board si!ilar to the ones you see in Monopoly, Dou +ill have a Go, 3arking @ot, and 6ail along +ith Eail roads and places +here you need to pick up chance and co!!unity chest cards -but you can na!e the! +hatever you +ish to., Cvery other space +ill be na!ed a"ter a character "ro! Greek Mythology, and the cards you +ill pick up +ill have so!ething to do about those characters and ho+ you !eeting the! +ill i!pact your chances o" +inning,

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