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- C++
, C++,
C++, -
() ,
. ( ) :
C++ - .
C++
.
,
.
C++
. ,
C++ .
,
.
C++: (STL), (namespaces),
(RTTI),
(cast-) .
,
-
C++. , ,
- C++.
13
1
- C++?
17
1.1. -
18
1.2. C++
19
1.3.
21
1.4.
23
1.5.
25
1.6.
27
1.7. (STL)
29
1.8.
30
1.9.
32
1.10. C++
34
1.11. -
35
2
37
2.1.
37
2.1.1.
38
2.1.2.
38
2.1.3.
2.1.4.
2.1.5.
2.2. -
2.3.
2.4.
2.4.1.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
2.8.1.
2.8.2.
2.8.3. if if-else
2.8.4. while
2.8.5. for
2.8.6. do
2.8.7. break continue
2.8.8. switch
2.8.9. goto
2.9.
3
3.1.
3.1.1.
3.2.
3.3. return
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
3.7.
3.8.
3.8.1. auto
3.8.2. register
3.8.3. extern
3.8.4. static
3.8.5.
3.9.
3.10.
3.10.1.
3.10.2.
3.11. void
39
39
41
41
42
44
45
46
49
50
53
53
55
55
56
56
57
58
59
60
61
61
63
69
69
69
70
71
72
74
75
76
77
78
79
79
81
82
82
83
84
84
86
3.12.
3.12.1.
3.12.2.
3.13.
3.14.
3.15.
3.16.
3.17. : char*
3.18.
3.19. new delete
3.20.
3.20.1. void* reinterpret_cast
3.20.2. static extern
4
4.1. struct
4.2.
4.3. :
4.4.
4.5.
4.6. :
4.7.
4.8. :
4.9.
5
-
5.1. -
5.2. :
5.3.
5.4.
5.4.1. ::
5.4.2.
5.5. :
5.6.
5.7. this
5.8. - static const
5.8.1. (mutable)
5.9.
5.10.
86
87
88
88
89
90
92
94
95
95
98
98
98
99
100
107
107
109
109
113
115
116
120
121
124
124
125
131
132
135
136
138
138
139
140
142
143
144
146
147
149
150
6
6.1.
6.1.1.
6.1.2.
6.1.3.
6.2.
6.2.1.
6.3.
6.4. :
6.5. vect
6.6. ,
6.7. :
6.8.
6.9.
6.10. ,
6.11. ,
6.11.1. :
6.12.
7
Ad hoc
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
7.6.
7.7.
7.8. :
7.9. -
7.10. ()
7.11.
7.11.1.
7.12. new delete
7.13.
7.13.1.
8
:
151
155
156
157
157
158
159
160
161
162
166
168
169
173
174
179
181
182
182
183
184
191
192
193
195
197
199
201
202
206
207
208
210
212
214
216
217
218
220
227
8.1.
8.2.
8.3. :quicksort()
8.4.
8.5. void*
8.6.
8.7.
9
, STL
9.1. stack
9.2.
9.2.1.
9.3.
9.3.1.
9.3.2.
9.3.3.
9.4. vector
9.5. quicksort^)
9.6.
9.7. STL
9.8.
9.8.1.
9.8.2.
9.8.3.
9.9.
9.9.1. istream_iterator ostream_iterator
9.9.2.
9.10.
9.10.1.
9.10.2.
9.10.3.
9.10.4.
9.11.
9.12.
9.13.
10
10.1.
10.2.
227
228
229
232
234
236
239
240
241
245
245
247
249
250
250
250
250
251
254
255
259
260
262
263
265
267
268
269
269
270
270
271
272
273
275
276
276
277
281
282
284
10.3. :
10.4.
10.5.
10.6.
10.7.
10.8.
10.8.1.
10.9.
10.10.
11
11.1. assert.h
11.2. signal.h
11.3. C++
11.4.
11.4.1.
11.4.2.
11.5. try
11.6.
11.7.
11.8. terminate() unexpected()
11.9.
11.10.
11.11.
12
C++
12.1.
12.2. -
12.3.
12.4.
12.5.
12.6.
12.7. C++
12.8. : tabula rasa
12.9.
12.10. ,
12.11.
12.12. C++:
286
289
293
297
299
301
302
304
305
306
307
311
311
312
316
317
318
319
319
320
321
321
322
324
325
326
328
331
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
340
341
343
343
345
346
ASCII
.1.
.2.
.2.1.
.2.2.
.2.3.
.3.
.4.
.5.
.6.
.7.
.8.
.9.
.9.1. sizepf
.9.2.
.9.3.
.9.4. ,
.9.5.
.9.6.
.9.7.
.9.8.
.9.9.
.9.10. new delete
.9.11.
.10.
.10.1. -
.10.2.
.10.3. if if-else
.10.4. while
.10.5. for
.10.6. do
.10.7. break continue
.10.8. switch
.10.9. goto
.10.10. return
.10.11. -
.11.
.11.1.
.11.2.
349
351
353
353
353
354
354
355
355
357
359
360
362
364
367
367
368
368
368
369
370
370
371
371
372
374
375
376
376
377
377
377
378
379
379
380
381
381
381
382
383
.11.3.
.11.4.
.11.5.
.11.6.
.12.
.12.1.
.12.2. -
.12.3.
.12.4. this
. 12.5.
.12.6. - static const
.12.7. (mutable)
.12.8.
.13.
.13.1.
.13.2.
.13.3.
.13.4.
.13.5.
.13.6.
.14.
.14.1.
.14.2.
.14.3.
.14.4.
.14.5.
. 15.
.15.1.
.15.2. try
.15.3.
.15.4.
.15.5. terminate() unexpected()
.15.6.
.16. ,
.16.1.
.16.2.
.16.3.
.17. C++
D
-
D.1. ostream
D.2. iomanip.h
D.3. :
D.4. istream
383
383
383
385
385
386
387
387
388
388
390
391
391
391
393
394
394
394
394
395
396
397
398
399
399
400
400
401
402
403
403
404
404
404
405
405
405
406
407
407
408
410
412
D.5.
D.6.
D.7. ctype.h
D.8.
D.9. -
STL
.1.
.1.1.
.1.2.
.1.3.
.2.
.2.1.
.2.2. istream_iterator
.2.3. ostream_iterator
.2.4.
.3.
.3.1.
.3.2.
.3.3.
.3.4.
.4.
.4.1.
.5.
.6.
.6.1.
.6.2. -
.6.3.
->* 212, 394
.* 212, 394
, () 370
/* 38, 354
! 51, 369
// 20, 38, 354
!= 51
: : 358; 375
#define, 76, 357
< 51
#include, 357
<< 207, 407, 408
& 53, 83, 371
<= 51
&& 51
- 198
() 53, 198, 208, 374
= = 51
- 53, 84, 86, 371, 374
> 51
++ 54, 368
>= 51
- 54, 368
>> 208, 407, 412
-> 109, 198, 210, 374
413
415
416
417
419
421
421
423
423
424
426
426
427
427
427
428
428
431
432
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
443
445
447
?: 370
[] 53, 89, 198, 374 '
\0 24, 162, 412
{} 55, 375, 376
| | 51
- 24, 155
A
abstract base class 394
abstract class 293
abstract data type 18
accessor function 150
accumulate(), 30, 259, 272
Ada 332, 336
adaptor 265, 424
adaptor pattern 393
address operator 83
ALGOL 343, 345
alias 90
allocate(), 122
allocator 437
anonymous namespace 83
area(), 33
array 86
array_2d, 123
ASCII, 349
assert, 93, 311
assert.h 93, 311
assertion 92, 311
assign(), 22, 117
auto
78
363
avg_arr(), 75
B
bad_alloc
324, 374
325, 404
bad_cast
324
325, 404
bad_typeid, 325, 404
begin(), 30
bitfield 120
bool, 51, 362, 368
enum 49
enumerator 49
EOF 418
except.h 321, 404
exception 324
325, 404
explicit, 23, 158, 183,
366
extern, 79, 361, 363
extraction 412
F
FILE, 333
find(), 271
find_max(), 122, 148
float.h 45
flush, 408
for 56, 377
FORTRAN 332, 343, 345
free store 95, 372
free(), 214
friend . 25, 195, 387
fstream.h 413
full, 110
function
overriding 283, 305
prototype 72
273, 435
G
garbage collection 179, 344
gcd(), 101
gen_tree, 256, 298
generic pointer 86
get from 412
goto 60, 380
grad_student, 31, 283
greater(), 92, 193
H
handler class 179
HASA, 302, 342
Hello world! 20
hex, 409
hierarchy 341
I
ICON 340
identifier 39
if 55, 377
if-else 55, 377
inclusion 336
index 87
inheritance 18, 281, 391
init(), 29
inline 20, 49, 76, 82, 134, 383
inner_product(), 272
insert(), 256, 287
insertion 407
interface inheritance 283
invertibility 340
iomanip.h 408, 409
ios, 414
iostream 20, 41, 83
iostream.h 20, 41, 83, 233, 301, 360,
407, 408, 419
ISA, 283, 301, 342
istream, 412
istream_iterator 268, 427
istringstream 415
K
keyword 38
L
label 60, 380
last-in-first-out (LIFO) 109, 114, 334
length(), 22
LIKEA, 286, 342
limits.h 45
linkage 82
LISP 332
list, 236, 260, 421
literal 39
living, 293
logic_error, 325, 404
lvalue 54, 90, 148
M
main(), 20
manipulator 20
manufacturer 333
map 260, 421
matrix, 173, 210
member function 133
place_min(), 93
placement 214, 374
platonism 338
pointer 437
poker, 116, 119, 140
polymorphism 191
pop, 110
postcondition 311
precondition 311
prepend(), 176
print(), 22, 25, 30, 171
printf(), 73
priority_queue,
265, 425
privacy 81
private 21, 135
132, 282, 391
protected 21
282, 132, 391
public 21, 31
132, 282, 391
pure virtual function 293
push, 110
push_front(), 238
put to 407
Q
queue, 265,
425
quicksort(), 229, 254
R
raise(), 312
rand(), 118, 141
range_error, 325, 404
rational, 194
reference 437
reference counting 179
register, 79, 363
reinterpret_cast 48, 98, 365
release(), 171
return 20, 71, 381
reverse(), 28, 176, 271
ring(), 70
RTTI 304, 394
run-time type identification 304, 394
string 440
20
string.h 94, 162, 333
strstream, 415
strstream.h 415
structure member 107
student, 31, 282
subscript 87
swap(), 231
switch 59, 60, 379, 380
T
tabula rasa, 338
tag name 49, 108
template 27
245, 396
terminate(), 321, 404
this, 143, 144, 388
throw
320
34, 316
token 37, 353
top, 110
trivial conversion 217
try 34
type_info, 304, 394
type_info.h 304, 395
typedef, 108, 358, 361
type id, 304, 394
typeinfo.h 304, 395
U
unexpected(), 321, 404
union 113
unsigned int, 86
using, 20, 82, 360
V
value_type 437
vect, 166, 203
vector 260, 421
228, 251
virtual 289, 292, 395
void 20, 70, 73, 86, 96
86
20
void* 86, 98, 234, 364
437
269, 427
265, 424
437
275, 437
275, 436
393
188
269, 428
429
193, 384, 399
271, 432
432
,
433
434
270, 431
432
76
270, 428
429
429
272, 434
74, 383
246, 250
368
260, 263,
421, 423
18, 107, 332
131
131
88
86
30, 281
301
113
81, 83, 98
269, 428
120
53, 371
55, 77, 78, 376
try 34, 316, 319, 402
229
- 342
- 41, 407
413
419
260, 262, 421, 423
281, 289, 395
293
301
, 168
336
139, 405
79
79
312, 401
407
76
20, 383, 416
193
108
408
156, 161
156
42, 70, 98
84, 85, 98, 383
21, 69
69
50
throw 320
368
319
369
46
52
79
77
161
232
232
70
340
81
135
283, 305
317, 401
41
39, 354
cout 20
endl 20, 42
304, 394
341
30
302
412
146, 391
271, 432
, lvalue 54, 90
77
108
49, 108
87
87
46
157
45, 82
88
161
19, 21
54
54
54
245
53, 375
{} 55
break 58, 379
continue 59, 379
do 57, 378
extern 79
register 79
static 81
19, 131
333
22
38, 355
auto 78, 363
catch 34, 316
class 132, 136, 282, 391
const 144, 357, 363, 390
delete 95, 372
enum 49
explicit 23, 158, 183, 366
extern 79, 361, 363
friend 25, 195, 387
inline 20, 49, 76, 82, 134, 383
mutable 146, 391
new 95, 372
operator 25, 192, 197, 388
private 132, 135, 282, 391
protected 132, 282, 391
public 21, 31, 132, 282, 391
register 79, 363, return 71
static 80, 8.1, 142, 144, 363, 390
struct 108, 109
template 27, 245, 396
this 143, 388
throw 34, 316
try 316
typedef 108, 358, 361
union 113
using 20, 82, 360
virtual 289, 292, 395
void 20, 73, 86
volatile 363
21, 132
ASCII 349
20, 38, 354
115
82, 360, 385
355
49, 357
40, 356
356
23, 148, 155, 386, 394
156
157
156
158
160, 386
181
157
110, 147, 260, 421
260, 263, 421,
423
260, 262,
421, 423
265, 424
priority_queue 265, 425
queue 265, 425
stack 265, 425
27, 227
144
19
160, 164,
386
181
161
161
92
, 340, 391
37, 353
39
40
40, 94
52, 368
77
76, 416
assert 93, 311
define 247
NDEBUG 93, 312
20, 42, 408
dec 409
endl 408
flush 408
hex 409
oct 409 83, 86, 88
86, 88, 95
121, 167
173
87
87
88
95
166
89
88
121, 173
60, 380
case 59, 379
default 59, 379
21, 291
293
69
30, 282, 335
95
174, 206
174
175
299,
302, 393
260, 421, 423
150, 159
const 82
volatile 217
260, 421, 423
260, 421, 423
84
77, 81
358
138, 358
77
82, 358
358
77, 358
358
234
86, 364
81
109, 210
52, 370
357
70
43, 353
(DAG) 299, 393
340
341
293
48, 146, 365, 391
168
260, 421, 423
437
266, 425
260, 421
70
70
397
276
276
251, 254
27,
245, 336
,
() 109
227
193
250, 399
198
25, 335
75, 193, 383
198, 388
() 208
-> 211
<< 207
>> 208
delete 214
new 214
201
202
202
211
199
318, 402
79
79
45
77
catch 402
357
49, 357, 361
49
,
338, 346
161
181
286,
334, 343
47, 193, 385
304
179
284, 302, 336
442
32, 191, 335, 336
245, 336
281, 289
32
174
412
407
47
301
260,
262, 421, 423
131
169
92, 311
- 413
417
161
69
88
92, 311
364
46, 47, 191, 284
47
192
192
void* 98
217
192
77
364, 365
304
335
47, 385
cast 47
const_cast 48
dynamic_cast 48
reinterpret__cast 48, 98
static_cast 47, 61
48
335
333
340
367
425
53, 369, 376
316, 319, 401
92, 311
19, 20, 42, 43, 353
92
37, 353
331
216
acc_mod.cpp 305
dd3. 73
array. 397
array_2d.cpp 122
array_tm.cpp 251
avg_arr.cpp 75
bad_cast.cpp 324
basic_i.cpp 412
basic_o.cpp 408
bell.cpp 70
bellmult.cpp 71
c_pair.cpp 143
call_ref.cpp 84
catch.cpp 320, 403
ch_stacl.cpp 112
ch_stacl.h 110
ch_stac4.cpp 160, 161
ch_stac4.h 159, 161
ch_stac2.h 132
ch_stac3.cpp 136
ch_stac3.h 135
cir_main.cpp 80
circle3.cpp 80
clock.cpp 199, 201, 218
coerce.cpp 251
complexl.cpp 115
complex2.cpp 137
complexc.cpp 388
copy1.cpp 248
copy2.cpp 248
count. 64
dbl_sp.cpp 414
def_args.cpp 74
dinner.cpp 21
do_test.cpp 58
dynarray.cpp 96
enum_tst.cpp 50
except.cpp 324
for_test.cpp 57, 58, 59
forloop.cpp 378
gcd.cpp 43
genstack.h 235
gentreel.cpp 256, 258
gentree2.cpp 288
gentree2.h 287
goto_tst.cpp 60
greater.cpp 92
hello.cpp 19
how_many.cpp 138
if_test.cpp 55
inline_t.cpp 76, 77
io.cpp 42
list2.h 236, 237, 238, 239, 240
m_to_k.cpp 48
manip.cpp 409
matrix1.cpp 173
matrix2.cpp 196
matrix3.cpp 208
memcopy.cpp 234
min_dbl.cpp 72
min_int.cpp 72
mix_io.cpp 419
modulo.cpp 156
month.cpp 236
mutable.cpp 146
namespacicpp 83
nested .cpp 139
order.cpp 91, 93
over_new.cpp 215
pairvect.cpp 168
poker.cpp 116
poker1.cpp 107
poker2.cpp 140
poly1.cpp 174
poly2.cpp 206
pr_card.cpp 410
pr_card2.cpp 411
predator.cpp 293
printabl.cpp 158
quiksort.cpp 254
rational.cpp 193, 208
salary.cpp 145, 390
scope_t.cpp 77, 78
scope 1.cpp 359
set.cpp 121
shape 1.cpp 33
shape2.cpp 292
showhide.cpp 212
signal.cpp 313
slist.cpp 169, 170, 172
srl_list.cpp 29
stack_t1.cpp 246, 396
stack_t2.cpp 298
stack_t3.cpp 299
stackex.cpp 34
stat_tst.cpp 81
stcast.cpp 365
stl_adap.cpp 275
stl_age.cpp 264
stl_cont.cpp 259
stl_deq.cpp 260
stl_find.cpp 271
stl_func.cpp 274
stl_iadp.cpp 269
stl_io.cpp 268
stl_numr.cpp 273
stl_revr.cpp 271
stl_sort.cpp 270
stl_stak.cpp 266
stl_vect.cpp 262
str_func.cpp 94
str_strm.cpp 416
string 1.cpp 22
string2.cpp 23
string3.cpp 25
string4.cpp 26
string5.cpp 162, 165
string6.cpp 179
string7.cpp 192, 206
string8.cpp 234
string8.h 232, 233
stringt.cpp 438
studentl.cpp 30
student2.cpp 285
student2.h 282-285
sum_arrl.cpp 87
sum_arr2.cpp 89
sum_arr3.cpp 90
swap.cpp 249, 398
switch_t.cpp 59
throw_it.cpp 401
throw l.cpp 317
throw2.cpp 318
tracking.cpp 181
triple.cpp 211
tstack.cpp 27
twod.cpp 147
typeid.cpp 304
union.cpp 113
vect_bnd.cpp 392
vect_ex2.cpp 400
vect_it.cpp 253
vect_it.h 251
vect_ovl.cpp 389
vect1.h 166
vect2.h 203
vect3.h 315, 385
vect4.cpp 322
vect4.h 316, 322
vectacum.cpp 229
vector.h 228, 229
vectsort.cpp 230
virt_err.cpp 291
virt_sel.cpp 290
weekend.cpp 113
while_t.cpp 56
word_cnt.cpp 418
301, 340
343
131
333
281, 282, 283
37, 44
20, 41, 82, 359,
360
namespace std 360
81, 83, 98
72, 382
73
90
41
174
214, 374
133,
138
86, 371
76
437
47
21, 37
79
179, 344
95, 372
275, 437
313
32, 76, 384
, \0 24
40, 356
40
175
177
302
46
404
405
132, 136
77
21, 291
, 229
55, 376
417
341
400
321, 403
30, 47, 282, 320, 335, 364, 402
STL: 427
275, 437
193,
250, 384, 399
- 274,
435
85
STL 260, 421
164, 386
C++
305
switch
60, 380
90
179
29, 259, 421
324, 404
413
407
81
250, 399
142
79, 109, 110, 265, 425
LIFO 109
174
, 17, 337
193
439, 440
415
442
441
438
356
40
333
21, 107
ch_stack 133, 136
listelem 237
slist 128
108
108
109
42
169
107
47
-, 342
179
437, 438
typedef 358
368
368
STL 264, 424
53, 371
sizeof 367
370
,
string 443
string 439
const 357
363
38, 355
string 439
-
409
- STL 274
47
220
109
95
delete 373
new 372
STL 423
STL 264, 423
STL
261, 422
C++ 375
- string
441
357
-
string 442
Bctype.h 417
366
356
354
355
356
367
40, 356
336
413
90
363
217
414
44, 362
381
ctype.h 416
417
- STL 424
396
string,
440
STL 261, 422
STL 263, 423
49, 108
304, 394
245
150
49
47, 193, 385
47
46, 47, 191
192
47
37, 44
47
21, 37
333, 438
47
333
44, 362
217
52
, 77
333
70
408
44, 362
ch_stack() 111
close() 414
comp() 256
copy() 271
element_lval() 148
element_rval() 148
end() 30
find() 271
find_max() 122, 148
free() 214
gcd() 43, 101
greater (} 92, 193
init() 29
inner_product() 272
insert() 256, 287
length() 22
main() 20, 69
memcpy ( ) 86, 161, 234
min() 72, 73
mpy() 197, 198
open() 414
operator+() 27
operator=() 204
order() 85, 91
partition() 231, 254
place_min() 93
pr_message() 20
prepend() 176
print() 22, 25, 30, 171
printf() 73
push_front (} 238
quicksort() 254
raise() 312
rand() 118, 141
release() 171
reverse() 28, 176, 271
ring() 70
set_new_handler() 374
signal() 313
sort() 30, 270
strcpy() 95
swap() 231
terminate() 321, 404
unexpected() 321, 404
- 150, 159
- 21, 132, 133, 134, 387
133
const 144
static 144
333, 334
272, 434
293
281, 289
135
113
107
142
37
37