120 пушечный корабль Двенадцать Апостолов

5 (10) 2003
120-
..
5 (10) 2 0 0 3

-
120-
" "
..
12
26
68
74
84
2003
( 120- )
. I. , . .
Sevastopol. Fleet being inshore when Emperor Nicolas the First has a looks at it. 1852. Fragment from lithography by painter Ayvazovskiy. Central Naval Museum
In second quarter of XIX cen
XIX ,
tury Black Sea Fleet had been
created on South marine bor
ders. Russian Navy on Black
18531856 .
Sea took the deserving place
, ,
among best Europe Fleets. It
, , ,
was a short period in Russian
wooden shipbuilding, but it
.. (17881851)
also was as the heyday of ma
. -
rine engineering to have been
120- (1841 ), (1849 )
interrupted by Crimean War
(1852 ), , 12 ,
18531856. When admiral
M.P.Lazarev was as Commander-
in-Chief, 120-guns three-decks
, ,
Men-of-War constructed accord
ing to new technologies, were the
3040 XIX .
same as its English ships.
Twelve Apostles was a flag ship
. , , ,
of admiral Lazarev. The ship was
large, handsome and had beared

high-power bomb guns. Twelve
B.C. ,
Apostles is a masterpiece of Rus
- ,
sian and world shipbuilding.
( 2 )
29 1802
I,
(, )
...2.
..,
1. ,
(18251855)
. XX ..
, ,
II,
; ,
. ,
3. 1828
, I ...
- 18281829
...
..
Black Sea Fleet at Feodosia.
...
, , -
Fragment from picture of Ayvazovskly
( )
( 120- )
,
,
, ,
, , -
...6.
1830-
, 31 1834 ,
. , 1834
120- 110-
4. -
7.
18231827 -
- . (
.)
, ,
I
Emperor Nicolas the First
120-
Waterloo" 1833
English 120-guns ship Waterloo.
1833
...
.. .
, -
. 1832
..
33
.., ,
8.
: ...
10 ,
18-
18531856 .
Ville de Paris, 1807 ,
1855 ,
Jena 1814, Jupiter 1816, Henri IV
1829 9. 1833
..:
, , ,
11 ,
, ,
, . ""
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... "", ,
,
- !!
, ... ""
, ""
... . ,
6
...10.
25 1834 ..
..
( 4 )
( )

. ,
. ,
No admittance for strangers,
...
16.
11
, ... .
26 1835 I
69 : 120--
, ..
; 84- 12;
60- ; 44-
; ; ( )
10; ; ;
17 1836

2,5 .,
12
1,9 , 60- 1,4 .
1836 .-
Admiral MP. Lazarev
20 .. .
. 21 1836
, , ,
.
13
17 1834
..
- ..
6 ., 2
Covered slipway 4 in Nicolaet/s
- -
Admiralty
,
4 14.
,

, 15 .,

, ,
, ,
15.
1830-
.
, ,
, ,

,
. ()
-
( 5 )
( 120- )
.
, .
.. ,
... ,
17.
- ()
1834
(30 )
, ,
( ;
, ...)
, ,
, ,
18361839 ,

()
Saws. Slender vertical trihedral

(upper) and round saws
,
1841
View at Nicolaev City. 1841
( 6 )
, ..,
, .
, ,
.. ,
. , ..
, ,
( )
:
.,

1821 (

)
Various methods used for attaching:
Left according to Sir Robert
Seppings sistem; Right according
to old Russian sistem before 1821.
Both are taken from original model
of the ship Twelve Apostles.
Central Naval Museum
.. I
, ,
...18.
1813 -
19 -
.. .., -
.. .
.. ,
: ,
. ,
(John Fincham) ,
, (Joseph Peack)
. ,
(Isaak Blackburn)
20.
. 27
1821 21. , 1832 -
, -
. 18351837
., -
1813
1832
Sir Robert Seppings, Surveyor of
British Navy in 18131832
( 7 )
( 120- )

: ,
, 1/6
...24.
, , ,
22.
., -
, . ,
, ,
, .
..
, .
..: ...
120- 84-
25.
.. .,
1832
1847
Sir William Symonds, Surveyor
of British Navy in 18321847
( 8 )
1836
1837 .
18371838
. 21 1836
, ,
() :
. ,
(dry rot)
- ...
. ,
. .. , ...
, ,
...23.
; , ,
. ,
... ..
- -
..
, ...26.
1836 .
( )
120-
. ..
.- .
. 1839
5 1839
120-guns ship Rossiya launching.
120- ,
1839
..
28
4 1838
120-
. ,
, 28
29.
27.-
1838
.., ..
. ,
, (
, , ,
).
, .
, . XVIII
, 6 ,
, ..
, , ,
, , -
( 9 )
( 120- )
110-
Queen 1839
English 110-guns ship Queen.
1839
Queen 1839 ,
30
. ,
..
, -
. 11 1845 ,
31.
Queen, : ,
1837 ,
. 1833
110--
...32.
Queen,
, ..
Queen -
120-
110- Queen

, :

, ()
, ():

- , ()
-, ()
, ()
, ():
, ()
-, ()
- , ():
( 10 )
Queen
15 1841
15 1839
4789,98
2848,40
2112(64,36)
5246,40
3104,00
2074 (63,20)
5710(17,63)
596 (18,14)
276 (8,38)
2089 (63,63)
1939 (59,06)
5927, (18,05)
600 (18,29)
246 (7,47)
2040 (62,24)
16651/2 (50,74)*
259 (7,85)
246 (7,47)
13 (0,38)
66(1,98)
256 (7,80)
245 (7,44)
11 (0,33)
66(1,98)
207 (6,27)
153 (4,65)
1811 (5,77)
143 (4,34)
( )
"
.
..
The ship Twelve Apostles on
slipway. Lithography by .. Prohorov
. .,
1841 ,
(1849 )
(1853 ),
. , 1840 ,
, ..
..: ...,
-.
1841
...33.
: ...
: ,
...34.
1821 , ,
1838 , . .
, .
, ,
. ,
, .
...
, ..
...
Queen.
...35.
( 11 )
( 120- )
.

Fixing of keel's parts. Vertical
and horizontal scarph joint
,

Scarphs to have been applicated
in the wooden shipsbuilding
( 12 )

36;
. 1833 ,
. 1112
, -
(
).

. ,
XIX (
).
-,
1838 ,
.;
, ,
, -
Systems of attaching used in wooden
33 ( 10 )
Right: fixing of stern at W. Symonds'
, , , , ,
method
shipbuilding in XIX century.

Lett: Russian system before 1838.
.
,
,
.
,
.

: -
1 9 (0,53 ), 25
(0,64 ), 1 4
(0,41 ), 38 (0,97 ),
1 6 (0,46 ), 32
(0,81 ).

6 (152 ) ,
. -
Sagging of the frames
41/2 (114 ),
9 (2,74 ), 1 (25,4 )
( 13 )
( 120- )

.
( ).
,
,
.

( ),
-.

,
.

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,

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.

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.
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, ,
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,

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Costruction of Rudder
3 (76,2 ) ,
2 (50,8 ).
: ,
, .
, .
. ,
, .
5 (127 ).
( 14 )
, /8
/4 .
35.
. ,
, -.
( )
.

Bow and stern deadwoods.
The frames fitting
. ,
. .
, ,
. , -
. () ,
. ,
frames making instrument, cokes.
, , -
Frames rising and fittings
.
, , .

Frame costruction. Wooden joints,
( 15 )
( 120- )
.
, -
Floor-timbers. Methods of floor-
timbers' joint
31/2 (88,9 )
21/2 (63,5) . ,
12 ,
:

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(),
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
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Main and filling frames. Futtocks
:

;

;
.

,
, ,

.
, ,
.

. ,
Sagging. Wooden girder
( 16 )
( )

,

. ,
.

, .
.

Filling frames
, 39.
( ,
),
. -
- .
- ..
- ..
-, -.
1 1837
37
. , .. :

Bow hawsepieces
...
... ,
--
, ,
1821
.,
.

38.

,
,
Wooden breasthooks in hold
( 17 )
( 120- )

, ,
. - ..
1/4
6 ,
. -
Iron knee riders in hold.

.

(-, - -),
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-

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. -
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Scupper pipes
, , ,
( 18 )
( )

.
Ceiling of surface part
, ,

1838
(),
.
()
Left Seppings iron forked knee and
clamps used before 1838. Right:
Symonds iron forked knee and
rubbing band.
,
.

..
18361837 ,

.
:
,
,
... .
,
...40. . ,
, .,
, .
,
.
,

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,

.
ab ,
.
f i , .
,
-41.

,

. :
, ,
, .
Beam to be fitting with side
of the ship. Beam of three timbers.
( 19 )
( 120- )
,

1838
Iron forked knee used before 1838

.

1840
..
.
.
84-
,
.

.
, -

.
Various aspects of Symonds iron
forked knee contruction

..

Beam to be fitting with side of the
ship according to Symonds. Ceiling
,
.
, :
... .
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...
...

,
,
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,

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( 20 )
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...42.

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(
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, 1 , .
,

5 2 ( 127 51 )
5 7 ( 127 178 ).

.
:
, ,
,
;
, .

Deck costruction. Hatch. Topside view
Skin. Fixing a bulwark rail
( 21 )
( 120- )

24 ;
, ,
, .
. ,
I, ,
, .
. 6
7 (152178 )
, ,
, ,
120- ,
, ,
-, , -, -
, ,
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(),
, ,
()
. -
Lett: Method of skin position. Right-
Steam box
. --
. -
ca 1/2
, .
(),
. - -
- ,
. - -.
, .
, -

()
Left: Position of steamy timber with
handy tools. Right: Two-wheel
and ordinary jacks
( 22 )
( )

.
.
-
(102 ), 14 (356 )
1/3.
1/16 (1,6 ).
106 /2 (38 ).
. ,
XVII ,
1761
Alarm. 1790-
43
(),
. ,
23 1781 , , 1782
, ,
, .
(),
. ,
Constituents of head knee and its
. -
- -
rising

D ( ,
)

. -
. -
: ,
, - -
, ,
-. - -
, -
( 23 )
( 120- )
. .

,

.
.
,
.
: +
+ .

,
. -
-.
-
-.
,
,

.
-,
,
.
Latrine construction
, ,
, , .
:
(),
. (
),
. ()
Stern development: left: straight stem;
centre: Seppings apple stern; right:
Symonds elliptical stern
( 24 )
( )
()
120-
- ()
Stem development: left: straight stem;
centre: Seppings apple stern; right:

Symonds elliptical stern of model
(,
-Twelve Apostles. 1841
).

353 . , 100 .
, 1800 , 4000 ,
120-

14 000 , 300 -
After catwalks and 120-guns ship's
, 700 , 5300
model Twelve Apostles aft thread.
, 180
1841
, 120 , 30 , 1200
, 400 .
, , , ,
520 -
44.
( 25 )
( 120- )
50
Royal William 1719 ,
1757 1792 !
, , ,
. 1817
, , -
. , -
.. ,
45.
, 1830- ,
. ,
, ,
: ,
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. 18371839
, .
, ,
. ,
Timber preparing
Victory -
, .

,
,
.
46.

, . ,
,
,
. ,
,
,
. ,
...
...
, ,
,
,
( 26 )
.

,

Chatam City on English engraving.

1830-years
- ,
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...47.
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(,
. -
, , 48.
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(,
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49.
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( 27 )
( 120- )
...
...
, (
. . .),
....
. ,
50
52.
. (W.N.Glascock)
. (914 )
. -
. 7
1834 .. :
, .
51.
...
.. ,
....
.,
Covered slipway 7. Water-colour
by L. Premazzi
53.
- .
1841
:
( . ..)...
,
,
.

...

, , ,
(dry rot) ,
...
,
!...
( 28 )
( , )
,
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..."54. ,
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very excellent , .
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, 1851
: " ".
.
55
... .

,
( 6 ),
21/2
) ,
, - 39,2
- -
1,07
, - -. -
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4 3
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. -
. ,
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. -
1 ,
. ,
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, ,
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, -,
. -
( 29 )
( 120- )
()
Left: bowsprit fool step. Right: mast

hole
( 30 )
3/10 ,
-,
11/6
-, -.
, 1/10
, .
(-),
. ,
9 .
-. ,
()
, .
-.
, ,
18
54 45
: 4
- 4 .
2024 . ,
, : -
( 120- )
9
; (
-,
18 ,
); 9 -
3336 .
. ,
1/3 7/8
, -,
1 / 2 .
11/2 ,
, ,
11/2 2
, 3
. , ,
1 .
,
2/5
.

,
-, ,
,
( )
-, .
- . --
, ,
3 /2
. -
: 1/2
, 2/3 ,
, /8
6 .
. :
. ,
, .
/2 , ,
7/8 (6/8 1/8 ).

1/3
1/2 .
-, , ,
,
9
/10, /10
( 32 )
-
, :
. 810
1/3 5/8
4 . -
( 120- )
-, 2/3
-. -
1/3 ,
- , --
. -
1/8 ,
1/6 . -
. ,
5/6 ,
, ,
5/9.
-,
2/5
12 ,
, 41/2
, 21/2 .
-.
-,
4 .
, .
. 1/2
,
.
( 34 )
9/13
. ,
, 20/21,
5/9 .
-,
. -
( 120- )
-, ,
-.
3 , 3/4 .
-,
, .
, .
40/41, 9/10
/4 .
-,
251/2
-;
1/3 .
- .
, ,
- 1/2
. 78 ,
, 1 7 / 8
75, 1/2
, /9 .
; 3/11
-,
/5 .
/6 ,
-.
-- .
, - 2/3
- .
- . -,
22/5 , ,
, 3/4
; 5/8
, 1/6
-;
- ,
11/2 1/7
, -- 1 /2
11/2
1/16 .
--.
-
( 36 )
,
.
-.
( 120- )
81 (24,3 ). ,
2/3 .
- .
, 5
, 1/10 .
. /6
-. , 7/8
, ,
, 1
-. - 1/4
, .
, ,
. -
, .
, ,
1/2 -
, 1/4 ,
2 ,
. -
--
7/8 21/2
- --
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. , 1/4 ,
-.
, - .
.
1
- /12
. 1/4
, ,
, .
2/3
- .
, .
1/7 ,
- . ,
. -
-.
-. --
, /12 ,
- .
- .
1/3
. -- /4 -
, ,

( 38 )
2/3
-.
3/4,
( , )
-,
-. -
1/60 .
-
, 1/2
. -
1/3, 2/9 -.
-
2
/3 , 1/66
,
3/4, 2/3
.

,
.
--.
2/9 .

.
- ,
Double and single capstan
construction
. /3
- .
-,
-,
-.
3/4 ,
, .
3 . ,
-.
---
. -
- -
- -,
-.
- .
/12 .
1/30
. ,
1840
--. -
, -.
/5
, 1/60
, .
2 /4 ,
, ,
1/66 .
( 39 )
( 120- )
2. - , 1/3
:
1/6 ,
.
4
, .
3. 1/2 ,
.
4. 1/2 ,
.
5. -- ,
1/2 ,
, .
,
,
-, .
:
1.
, ,
1/2 , 11/2,
.
2. , 1/5

, ,
, ,
, 6
Chainwales. Fixing a lower shrouds
4000 2, ,
... , , , ,
3. -- .
4. - 1/2 ,
1 /2 .
3
--,
108 116,
, , ,
, , .
, , , ,
, , , ,
, 3 ,
68 72 .
5. 1/2 ,
-
.
6. 1/2 ,
.
7. -- ,
: 5 4 , -
, 1/3
2 .

: 5 1 / 2 ., 5 ., - 5 .,
- 5 ., 4 .
,
, .
,
,
-,
, ,
68 72 :
, .
:
1.
.
( 40 )

1/3
.
( , )
, , ,
30-40 XIX
, 6 .
, -
--
:
.
4- - --
1
/2
-
,
. ,
, 50 :
1 3 / 4 ,
3/4 .
, 6, 3 .
81/2 , 21/2 ,
--
111/2 .
, , .
- 1/3
, -,

, .
, ,
, 4 .
, , ,
, -, -
been used in British Navy. 30 - 40

years of XIX cent
, ,
Drawing of masting and sails to have
( 41 )
( , )
,
,
,
.
,
, 1/7
, - 1/9.
, ,
1/10
,
, ,
3
/4 .

.
, ,
,
1250 6- ...56.

. ,
.
,
.. ,
, -
Flags, masthead flags, burgees
. 1834 ..
58.
. 29 1833
. ,
..-
.. : ,
) . 4
1834 .. ..
: ,
: ...
... ,
... ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
...59.
57
,
....
,
,
, ..
( 45 )
( 120- )
( 46 )
, 1806 . ,
, 1849
, , 1840 ,
, ,
, , ,
, 1849 ,
120-
. . :
, (
, 84-
. ..) ,
, (
- ..
) .
...62.
1806
1847
(, , -, ),
(,
, ). 17 1830
..
..
, 1841
: ,
. ..
, , -
... : ...
1840
, --;
..., ...
60.
...
, 1840 ,
, ,
..
...63.
17 1849 I
On masting ships and mast-making,
. 1840
1829 61.
, .
( , )

. ,
..
, , , - --
: - -
. - -
. -
- .
64.
, .
, , ..
65
. ,
, 9
1850
., ,
.. ..
66.
..,
. ,
. , ,
. . . :
" "
, 92- Rodney 84--
...
Asia
, ,
. : Rod
, ,
ney 205 6 , 54
...67.
6 ; Asia 196 52 1
28 144 . 27 576 .-
, 28 100 . .
24
..
, , -
. ,
, -
( 63 )
( 120- )
3 1838 ,
, ..
50 , ,

, ,

. ...
...

.
..
I : "

"
...70.

Twelve Apostles internal member.
Marble fireplace
, 900
1000 ; 20 000
2 .
, 68.
, ,
( 64 )
..
1841
1832
, .
. ,
.., ..
: ...
, ,
Sir Rob. Seppings,
(),
, 61/2 ,
...69.
( , )
..,
, ,
XIX
Wood ship launching gear. Middle of
XIX cent
- .
, -,
15 1841 ,
: 38- ,
, ,
1841
, ,
, -
1837 ,
( 65 )
( 120- )
, .
. , .
.. : ...,
1839 1841 .
, ,
1839 ,
, :
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( )
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, .
, 72.
5 , . :
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, ,
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.,
, : ,
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...71.
, .-
...
, ,
...73.
. , :

.
..
Portsmouth, one from major centre
of England shipbuilding.
Engraving is taken from Leonid
Amirhanov's collection
( 66 )
... "
" ,
...
.,
1858
. ,
, .
, -
( , )

.
.
Plymouth, one from the famous
British Shipbuilding Centre.
Engraving is taken trom Leonid
Amirhanov's collection
, ,
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.
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,
74.
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... 14 1842
..
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SO- ...
1839 , , ,
, ,
....
( 67 )
( 120- )
..
. ,
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: ... 68-
17/29 1835
( )
, ,
68-
...76. ,
.. ,
75
. 1836
..
" "
.. 6 1836
68- , ,
, , ,
...77.
68-

Drawing of English 68-pounds bomb
gun
( 68 )
, 1839 ,
(4 1838 )
68-
78. .
(214 ), 8 8,61
1 237
(2,66 ), 8,27 (210 )
(505,7 ), 0 1 3 9 (296,6 ).
68- ,
14 2,6 .
, 11 1839 I
32 68-
, 1839
, ,
1844 .
, .
, , .
, ,
.. ,
. , ,
, ..
. 1840
, .
, ,
9 1839
Medea
, ,
...
, ,
. 68-
8 (203 ) ,
8 3,75 (2,54 ).
, ,
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- :
68-
220 (3520 ), 8,42 ,
( 69 )
( 120- )
68-
, ,
80. , 68-
Russian 68-pounds bomb gun on gun
8,42
..., -
carnage
, 8 .
, ,
32
...81.
1841 .
68- -
, ..
, 174
: ...

120-

68-
36-
28
4
36-
34
36- -
34
24- -
24
( 70 )
( )
120-
:
68-
; 36-
; 36-
; 36- ; 24-
-
Twelve Apostles guns:
68-pounds bomb gun;
36-pounds long gun;
36-pounds shortgun;
36-pounds carronade;
24-pounds carronade
1842 ,
, 18-
32
-, .
, , -

120-
,
68-
8,00
7,85
83,75
12,47
1840
51,75
5530
0,303
36-
6,80
6,65
91
16
1942
43,50
4200
36-
6,80
6,65
711,33
14
1682
43,50
3530
36-
6,80
6,65
611,33
12,25
1422
43,50
3800
24-
5,95
5,80
61
12,25
962
29,00
2534
( 71 )
( 120- )
36-

36-pounds long gun's non-action
position

.
-

Angle of gun high and gun carriage
construction. Carronade carriage were
different from gun's one only with a
screw existance instead of wedge

1839 .

. 36- -
, , ..
, 80-
,
.
,
.

. ..

, ,
,
(
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.
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1839 .
. ..
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84.
. -
. 1853 -
( )
68- (8-)

14,50
12,75
97,98
85,96
20
51,47
72,33
11,42
83,75
07,16
03,88
00,225
05,96
7,68
10,79
1,68
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, Royal Albert
; 34 32-
Queen, : 32 -
; - 6
; 34 32-
14 32- .
( 73 )
( 120- )
... ,
. ,
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..
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1837 ;
, ,
.

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Black Sea Fleet Ships. From picture
by IK. Ayvazovskiy Old Fleet
( 74 )
.. ,
.-
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: 400
500 ,
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11/4
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Sevastopol. 1846. From a picture by
Bogolubov
; ,
..
1850-, ,
New naval barracks in Sevastopol.
! , -
From picture by I.K. Ayvazovskiy
,
-
,
.

..
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,
.
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,
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Prince A.S.Menshikov
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, .
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Vice-admiral V.A.Kornilov
, ,
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...90.
,

,

810
1011
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24
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12
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12
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18421843
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( 120- )

Great Prince Konstantin Nicolaevich
... , ,
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...91.
.. 7 1840 :
36-
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("Simonds"),
, ..
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, , ,
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1845
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, , .
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18471848
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Excellent,
96 ,
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120- (
),
30 000 98.
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Sevastopol. 1854
( 79 )
( 120- )
, 1854
800 000 . ,
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Sevastopol. 1854
...100.
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99
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1853 :
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1853
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101.
: 36- --
1000 (1830 ),
; ,
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1854

Dry docks complex in Sevastopol
( 81 )
( 120- )
.
. 18
1854 ..
18 1853 .
1854
. ,
, ,
: 6 1855 ..
.. : "
..
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15 1854
, .
Agamemnon - .-
102.
13 14 1855
, , -
Piece of French chart of Sevastopol's
, ,
, .
reinforsings marked Twelve
, ,
Apostles position
. -
...
( 82 )
( )

.
.
Deluging of Black Sea Fleet. From
picture by I.A. Vladimirov
1861 .
5000
..,
- ,
( 83 )
( 120- )
120-

1840
(
)*
42
208
2,268
,
..
1848 ,
..
-:

1287
42
208
650
4211
1287
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727
22
106
726
22
106
1,305
-- ( )
350
121/4
350
121/4
0,629
---
( )
234
238
0,419
118
119
0,210
- ( )
1094
261/8
92
1090
26
90
0,527
135
0,388
44
0,246
30
0,173
-- ( )
806
171/4
135
806
-- ( )
510
101/4
43
520
--- ( )
3510
71/4
17 /4
101/4
71/4
30
366
40
188
1,911
-:

1207
401/4
1811
586
435
1207
- ( )
663
22
961/2
653
22
96
0,573
316
111/8
0,383
0,192
80
0,460
11 /4
-- ( )
3110
---
( )
214
210
108
106
221/2
- ( )
956
22 /2
80
956
-- ( )
704
151/8
119
706
151/8
119
0,339
-- ( )
4410
39
450
39
0,216
--- ( )
314
63/8
271/2
314
63/8
27
0,151
134
486
2810
910
27
138
0,937
-:

910
27
- ( )
522
14 /2
76 /2
536
15
78
0,452
-- ( )
252
259
91/4
0,304
---
( )
1610
173
0,152
86
86
0,388
- ( )
806
171/8
160
806
171/4
160
0,261
90
0,171
30
0,123
- ( )
542
111/4
90
542
111/4
1
-- ( )
( 84 )
356
71/4
30
356
7 /4
( )
1
,
..
1848 ,
..

1840
(
)*
256
51/2
22
256
51/8
22
0,123
520
262
782
41
563
167/8
0,379
0,271
0,100
---
( )
766
411/8
563
167/8
- ( )
676
103/4
- ( )
563
113/4
49
- ( )
210
101/2
50
---
548
---
676
103/4
-
210
111/2
50
11
546
11
309
61/8
359
30
---
403
403
---
230
262
21
---
479
91/2
479
91/2
---
2811
326
61/4
27
353
71/4
236
4 /8
20
---
352
71/3
1
---
210
4 /2
638
111/2
142
638
111/2
142
--:
3110
213
63/8
41/4
3110
213
61/2
27
19
-:
500
440
390
10
103/8
93/4
496
430
390
111/4
10
93/4
( ):
324
363
492
183
85/8
85/8
115/8
81/2
324
363
492
183
85/8
83/4
115/8
81/2
36
36
70
0,156
0,177
0,237
0,088
( )
704
143/4
706
143/4
10
0,339
456
262
81/4
51/4
506
226
93/4
14-103/4
144
953/8
211/8
201/8
131/8
121/8
1-17/8
09
150
140
96
21
20
131/2
12
1-11/4
09
791/2
71
57
131/2
121/4
93/4
0-63/4
0-61/8
0-47/8
79
70
57
137,
12
9 5/8
063/4
06
0-43/4
236
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1-21/8
234
12
41/2
( 85 )
( 120- )
1
,
..
1848 ,
..
274
213
2411
166 3 / 4
1953/4
9 3 /8
9
9
6
6
121/8
117/8
117/8
09
09
274
2011
248
170
192
93/8
12
11 1 / 2
09
112
122
41/4
41/4
047/8
047/8
112
122
1561/3
1661/3
142
152
6
6
53/8
53/8
061/4
06 1 / 4
061/8
061/8
156
166
140
150
610
671/4
46
142/3
142/3
93/4
31
60
40
37 1 / 2
291/4
1543/4
1543/4
1410
1410
9113/8
9113/8

-:
047/8
53/8
061/4
06
3 / 8
20
610
67
46
145/8
141/2
93/4
31
30
20
113/8
267/8
60
111/2
27
8 1 /4
75/8
6
183/4
161/4
127/8
40
371/2
29
81/4
75/8
6
183/4
161/4
127/8
242
282
220
259
1743/4
2033/4
155
146
100

1840
(
)*
41/4
242
282
219
256
1710
200
* , , -, :
-, ; .
, , .
( 86 )
327
320
309
231
174
868
581
407
285
365
17
17
16
12
9
461/2
31
211/4
15
20
--
--
--
---
---
--
--
---
-:
-:

--
-:

464
241/4
-:

/4
666
351/2
-:
/4
991
53
366
38/15
19
20
581
407
530
211/4
28
868
461/2
301/2
834
441/2
231
399
20
12
442
23
309
489
25
16
469
464
241/4
25
666
35
991
1069
57
53
211
336
530
300
579
380
231
341
597
426
254
377
11
73/4
521/2
551/2
39
141/2
22
19
26
59
48
24 /2
430
166
640
520
10
820
64
30
, -,
210
387
228
320
633
450
663
390
560
480
600
550
254
375
651
516
45
11/2
191/4
25
21
11/4
1 1 /4
11/4
11/4
11/4
61/4
61/4
263/4
21
11/4
1 1 /4
3
3
6
6
2
5
2
2
1
1
1
5371/2
121/2
167
343
61/4
1090
90
15
161/4
8471/4
161/2
18
119
227
5161/2
234
2651/4
8
8
349
3731/2
510
11
210
4291/2
71/2
1349
100
171/2
19
11893/4
23
221/2
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2
6
6
2
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2
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1
1
--
, ,
,
501/2
11/2
25
1840 *
366
2810
212
155
454
486
176
448
323
29
19
15
11
8
20
25
24
17
12
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--
--
--
--
--
--
---
-:

--
558
558
386
28
19
03
03
03
28
448
231/2
323
6310
330
660
396
212
2810
366
366
558
438
438
34
17 /2
35
21
11
15
19
19
29
23
23
433
17
232
558
03
23
593
620
816
816
182
265
471
410
596
544
231
165
228
418
286
300
286
609
346
440
440
440
593
440
380
* 205 51/2 54 6 .
/4
/4
-:

31/4
850
1100
1100
42
61/2
101/2
421/2
61/2
51/2
51/4
-,
736
736
575
93/4
93/4
93
483/4
51/4
38
11/4
11/2
11/4
181/2
36
17
72
20
81/4
11/4
11/4
11/4
11/4
93/2
11/4
272
272
7
7
4
6
4
4
1
1
3411/4
631
5713/4
106
208
51/4
6391/2
53
11
121/2
273
63/4
694
9541/4
8
4081/2
1931/2
7
4481/2
6
3643/4
6
6
3323/4
2941/2
2
2
1893/4
1211/2
1
1
--
, ,
,
20
31
5 (10) 2003
( )
3
120-
*

54
1006
58
1082
536
470
54
-:
36
-:

25
--
17
330
25
479
263
2210
17
330
24
473
606
419
--
/4
26
503
560
754
---
/4
21 1 / 2
429
504
606
--
16
300
20
390
703
--
12
226
16
300
409
---
170
12
226
286
/2
886
47 /2
886
476
428
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593
471/2
886
609
5810
6711
1006
674
656
479
36
6711
375
3210

-:
-:

22
420
31
593
346
296
151/2
295
22
420
237
206
20
349
27
510
516
389
--
/4
03
23
440
599
733
--
29
563
29
563
512
512
--
19
370
19
370
512
512
--
15
286
19
370
636
--
11
209
15
286
377
---
;8
149
11
209
260
251/2
497
36
676
626
338
183
17
314
436
322
241/2
456
35
650
495
446
--
( 89 )
( 120- )
3

456
027
223
171/4
334
190
163
03
27 /2
548
879
1179
03
19
376
650
883
171/2
334
24
12
238
/4
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-:

--

-
* 24 .
( 90 )
.: 136
: 380
.: 380
: 410
.: 410
: 400
.: 406
: 240
11/2
253/4
3
471/3
3
28
3
211/2
:
-
-
-

550
420
451/2
111/2
251/2
930
191/3
433/4
500
1
1 /2
103/4
231/4
21/2
21/2
820
60
150
560
71
, -
( 120- )
5
14103
17 1830
1806 , ,
, .
, , ,
, ,
. ,
, 1824
. . . , , ,
, , , ,
...
:
1. , , 3- , 75
, .
2. 4/5 , 4/5
, .
3. 7/25 . , , 67 ,
67 7/25 = 18,76. 7/25 .
4. 7/26 , 7/26 . ,
34 , 34 7/26 = 9,154.
5. . 2/3 ,
, 1/5 .
6. 1/11 1/24 .
7. , , , . , , ,
, .
3-
2-
, ,
-
-
--
--
2,290
1,280
0,670
0,450
0,540
0,409
0,260
0,170
2,340
1,340
0,670
0,450
0,550
0,415
0,260
0,170
2,360
1,410
0,784
0,588
0,560
0,422
0,260
0,170
0,119
-
-
--
--
1,170
0,580
0,390
0,461
0,351
0,223
0,146
1,200
0,600
0,400
0,471
0,356
0,223
0,146
1,250
0,709
0,531
0,490
0,371
0,227
0,151
0,106
-
-
--
--
0,960
0,480
0,320
0,351
0,260
0,170
0,130
1,005
0,502
0,335
0,356
0,260
0,170
0,130
1,010
0,563
0,422
0,371
0,260
0,170
0,119
0,083
1,390
1,000
0,351
0,351
0,219
1,370
1,000
0,356
0,356
0,222
1,420
1,060
0,371
0,371
0,232
:
1. , , , , . : 3-
50 , 50 2,23 =111,5 -. 50 0,67 = 33,5 .
2. , , , . : 2- 175 . 175 0,55 = 96,25
-. 175 0,471 =82,425 -. 175x0,146 = 25,55 -- ..
( 92 )
( )
6

1840 103
,
-,
-,
-,
73,3
67
53
1,3
32,87
25,6
80,6
70,8
55
50,8
45,4
35,3
69
62,3
49
32,87
29,4
23,25
77,6
67,75
59,7
48,6
43
33,1
84-
69
62,3
50,8
32,87
29,4
24,5
77,6
67,75
59,7
50,8
43
33,1
44-
57,5
50,8
41,25
27,7
24,5
20,2
61,3
55
42,5
38,7
35,3
27,2
41,25
38,1
23,25
23,25
42,5
42,5
27,2
27,2
60
53
44
29,4
25,6
21,2
67,75
61,3
46,4
41,5
38,7
29.9
50-
( 93 )
( 120- )
1840

**
(
, -
)

- ***
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****

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***

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****
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-
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( )
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( )
(
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2
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
37
14
9
14
21
18
7
110
18
17
91/2
4
4
4
4
16
14
4
1
28
17
2
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
3
23/4
14
7
31/2
8
92/3
43/4
21/2
81/4
2
1
1
7
18
3
51/4
2
2
2
4
2
1
26
9
9
8
23/4
12
37
10
61
12
51/2
9 .
41/2
85
14
16
43/4
-
( )

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8
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48
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14
401/2
6
6
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391/2
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7
7
12
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2
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1
1
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2
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141/2
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9
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85
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71/4
7
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56
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51
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451/2
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47
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. - . ., 19091910.
.224.
3
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4
8 1833 .
5
. 1883. .. .262.
6
.. . 18701881 .. .
.
7
A.M.
1852 ( ) // .
1900. 3. .1055.
8
. .243. .1. .3182. .9, 9 .
9
. .205. .1. .1090. .1,1 .
10
John Fincham. A History of Naval Architecture. London. 1851. P.405, 406.
11
. .315. .1. .775. .. ... .28, 29.
12
. .243. .1. .3182. ., 3 .
13
. .283. .1. .3508. .243. .1. .3182..126 .
14
. .180. .517/1. .3889. - -
.
15
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16
. .410. .1. .180. .12,12 .
17
. .158. . 1. .1155. .26 .
18
. .243. .1. .3183. . .
19
An outline of shipbuilding. By Jonh Fincham, Esq., master-shipwright of Her Majesty's
dockyard, Portsmouth; Author of A History of Naval Architecture and other works. London,
1852.P.16,17.
20
.
21
John Fincham. A History of Naval Architecture. London. 1851. P.199206.
22
. .243. .1. .1320. .1.
23
. .158. .1. .1155. .22.
24
. .243. .1. .3604. .1.
25
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26
. .158. .1. .1062. .1,1 .
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28
. .243. .1. .3439. .4, 5.
29
. .161. .1. .984. .15.
30
. .283. .1. .4470. .4.
31
dockyard, Portsmouth;... London, 1852. Part I. P.74, 75, Part II. P.184,185.
32
Ibid. Part I. P.4650.
2
33
Memoirs of the Life and Services of Real-Admiral Sir W.Symonds..., Surveyor of the
Navy from 1832 to 1847. London. 1858. P.673.
34
lbid. P.337. . .327. On.2. .55.
Queen. .327. .1. .221. . '

.
35
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36
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37
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38
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39
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40
. .158. .1. .1155. .22 ,23 .
41
. .243. .1. .3760. .1012.
42
. .161. .1. .1211. .7 .8 .
43
dockyard, Portsmouth;.London, 1852. Part III. P.62.
44
. .243. .1. .4230. .36, 37.
45
A Treatise containing the results of numeruos experiments on the Preservation of
Timber from Premature Decay and on the preventon of the progress of rottenness, when
already commenced in ships and building. By W.Chapman. London, 1817. P.9,5759,66.
46
An Epitome, historical and statistical, descriptive of the Royal Naval Service of
England, by E. Miles. London, 1841. P.78.
47
. .8. .4. .78. .1 ., 2.
48
dockyard, Portsmouth; Author of A History of Naval Architecture and other works. London.
1852. Part III. P.1216
49
lbid. PI618.
50
. .158. .1. .1155. .1617 ., 18.
51
. . ., 1839. . 154156.
52
. .243. .1. .3160. .3435.
53
. .205. .1. .1579. .12 .
54
Memoirs of the life and servises of real-admiral sir William Symonds, KT, .,
FRS, Surveyor of the navy from 1832 to 1847: with correspondence and other papers relative
to the ships and vessels constructed upon his lines. London, 1858. P.283, 285, 286.
55
. .19. .1. .285. . 2123 .
56
. . 1840.
57
. -,
, .
58
. .205. .1. .1441. .79 .
59
. .315. .1. .775. ..
(103)
60
. 3.
.
62
Memoirs of the life and servises of real-admiral sir William Symonds...London, 1858.
P.283.
63
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64
. .243. .1. .5022. .38, 38 .
65
. 4.
66
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67
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69
. .. ... .315. .1. .775. ..
67 2
.
70
. .19. .1. .224. .16.
71
. 1883. .. .388, 389.
72
Memoirs of the Life and Services of Real-Admiral Sir W.Symonds.., Surveyor of the
Navy from 1832 to 1847. London, 1858. P.219.
73
Memoirs of the Life and Services of Real-Admiral Sir W.Symonds.., Surveyor of the
Navy from 1832 to 1847. London, 1858. P.220.
74
30 31 1838
. ,
.
75
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76
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77
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79
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80
. .1048. .1. .179. .52, 72.
81
. .1048. .1. .179. .202.
82
. .1242. .1. .120.
61
83
W.Kennish. A method for cocentrating the fire of a broadside of War, with an Appendix.
London, 1837.
84
. .1048. .1. .179. .1.
85
. .243. .1. .4360. .1, 2.
86
Memoirs of the life and servises of real-admiral sir William Symonds, KT, .,
FRS, Surveyor of the Navy from 1832 to 1847: with correspondence and other papers
relative to the ships and vessels constructed upon his lines. London, 1858. P.281, 282.
87
. .19. .2. .121. .. ... .61.
88
... . .:
, -.
89
... . .:
, -.
90
. . 18701881 .. .
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91
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93
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94
- . . . ., 1947. .90.
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, .
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.
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99

.
10
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101
. 1853, 11. ,
12 , , , 11 .
102
... . ., 1954. .457.
103
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104
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1958 .
(
); .
- XVIIIXIX ,
. : -
3050 XIX - (
).
: ,
"" . 19141918 , ..
, .., ,
18531856 . .
: 1 ..,
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, ..
: 1- . , ..; 2- . 120- " ",
..; 3- . , ..;
4- . 120- " ", ...
-
-, 5 (10) 2003
120-

ISBN 5-85875-001-X
.., 2003
. .., 2003
-
. .., 2003

. .., 2003
20.11.2003
60 84/8
Helios
.
. 320
: .., ..
: ..
: ..,
..
04631 26.04.2001

193024, -, / 71
E-mail: chumak@comset.net
84- , 1836 () 120- , 1849

84-guns ship , 1836 (upper) and 120-guns ship , 1849
92- Rodney, 1833 () 110- Queen, 1839

English 92-guns ship Rodney, 1833 (upper) and english 110-guns ship Queen, 1839
2 0 0 3 :
..
. .
..
..
..
..
""
""
" "
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120- " "
:
..
""

120 пушечный корабль Двенадцать Апостолов

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5 (10) 2003

In second quarter of XIX cen

tury Black Sea Fleet had been

created on South marine bor

ders. Russian Navy on Black

Sea took the deserving place

among best Europe Fleets. It

was a short period in Russian

wooden shipbuilding, but it

also was as the heyday of ma

rine engineering to have been

120- (1841 ), (1849 )

interrupted by Crimean War

18531856. When admiral

M.P.Lazarev was as Commander-

in-Chief, 120-guns three-decks

Men-of-War constructed accord

ing to new technologies, were the

same as its English ships.

Twelve Apostles was a flag ship

of admiral Lazarev. The ship was

large, handsome and had beared

Apostles is a masterpiece of Rus

sian and world shipbuilding.

Black Sea Fleet at Feodosia.

Fragment from picture of Ayvazovskly

Ville de Paris, 1807 ,

Jena 1814, Jupiter 1816, Henri IV

No admittance for strangers,

1,9 , 60- 1,4 .

Admiral MP. Lazarev

Covered slipway 4 in Nicolaet/s

Saws. Slender vertical trihedral

1821 21. , 1832 -

120-guns ship Rossiya launching.

Systems of attaching used in wooden

Right: fixing of stern at W. Symonds'

shipbuilding in XIX century.

Sagging of the frames

frames making instrument, cokes.

Frames rising and fittings

Floor-timbers. Methods of floor-

Sagging. Wooden girder

Wooden breasthooks in hold

Iron knee riders in hold.

Beam to be fitting with side

of the ship. Beam of three timbers.

Skin. Fixing a bulwark rail

Lett: Method of skin position. Right-

Constituents of head knee and its

Stem development: left: straight stem;

centre: Seppings apple stern; right:

-Twelve Apostles. 1841

After catwalks and 120-guns ship's

model Twelve Apostles aft thread.

Royal William 1719 ,

Chatam City on English engraving.

Covered slipway 7. Water-colour

Left: bowsprit fool step. Right: mast

7/8 (6/8 1/8 ).

Double and single capstan

Chainwales. Fixing a lower shrouds

been used in British Navy. 30 - 40

Drawing of masting and sails to have