12

(. . . ..), .1
.., .., ..

 -

View
into the ribosomal exit tunnel,

2009 . (VIII ,
, ..)

,
100200
,

,
,
. ()

, , (, , ).
.
, , ,
, ,
.
- 5 100 /,
.
, -
( )

6.5 Cl2 * 46 H2O

4

Prof. Dan Shechtman

()

( - 2011)
6

BF3

F
N

NF3

ClF3

Cl

T-

F
(O
N
O)+

O
N

115

O
O
N

135

 (sp3)

? (sp2)

TEM

J.Iijima
(Nature,1991)


.

.., ...
,

(1952)

= L + E

PF5

. P
F
1,577

. P F
1,53

SF4

90 .

90 .

H
C

N
H

H
H

CH4

NH3

HCH = 109,5

HNH = 107,3

O
H
H

H2O

HOH = 104,5
.

(q) -

n
2
0
BeH2, CO2, MgCl2

3
0
SO3, BF3

SO2, O3

4
(q)
4
0

..
4

4, CF4,
SO42-

NH3, PF3,
AsCl3
-
..
..
2
H2O, H2S
SF2

Alq-nEn

q
n
5
0

PF5, PCl5, AsF5

1
SF4
..

Alq-nEn

q - ..
n
5
2

ClF3

..

-
..

..

..

XeF2, I3- IF2-

Alq-nEn

q
n
6
0

SF6

IF5

..

Alq-nEn

q
..
n
6
2
..

XeF4, IF4-

F
F

1870

101.50

87.50

Cl
87.50

F
F

SF4

ClF3

CH3Cl

H-C-H

110.5o

H - C - Cl

108.5o

109.5o

121.70

115.80

122.10

..

O
..

H
116.60

121.70

122.10

F
F

91.80

CH3

P
122.20

O
F

90.60

S
F

124.90

( )

 ...

- ; - ; ; -; . ; ,
, , D - .
,
- , L