IICTOPIIJA

.uP Ceerosap .uyHl}epcKH,

<PUJI030CKU aKyJITeT
Honn Can
LJDK: 37.055.2(091)
I1perJIeAHU
I1pUMJheH: 14. I 2002.
BIBLID: 0553-45{)9, 48 (2002),1-2, P 111-127
LKEHA II IhEHO BACIIIITAIhE Y BEKY
Pe3UMe
Y cpeon.eu i3eKy uonnociu, UleJleCHOCUl, Jl(Ui30UlHU enau yctuyuajy uectuo
yeopocauoctuu U 0i303C.AWfbCKOj U.oKOpHOj UPUUPCMU sa i3Ct/HU Jl(Ui30zU. Ilpaeuu,
CKOHO.AtCKU, tipanuu, uOpOgU1IHU, eaytcauujcxu U Ci3aKU gpY2U ciuaiiiyc ceue 3aCHO-
eau je na enaoaeuuu iicyiuopciiiea Hag teou. Kao uajxa Mecuie, Ileeuua Mapuja
UOCzUaJla je CzUaJlHU i3aCUUzUHU Y30p. Ileeojxaua cpeineei eetca 6UJlO je gOCluy17IiO
caMO eaciiuiuaiee y iiopoauuu UJlU Jl(eHCl<OM uanaciiiupy, Y3 Cl<pOMHe 06pa30GHC
caopscaje. Haieasenuju saaaiiuuc 6UJlO je eaciiuiluuee y gyxy UOHU3HOCzUU U CKpO.Al-
H02 UgCi3U'LaHCK02cueoiua. Y iipatccu, tionexaa ie 6UJlO CaCGUM gpy2a
ttuje.
KfbY'IHC peuu: Jl(CHa, eactiuuian.e, cpeoteu i3CK, Ileeuua Mapuja, Jl(CHCKU .AW-
naciiiup, i10HU3HOCzU
Kim je OIWnorajaa Mopa,
6pura sa n.y crtasarn My He na:
y MJIaAOCTU, crpax Aa cc nchc yna'ra,
a KaA ce YAa, J\aje My)K ne 3aMp3H;
J\OK je nermna, na je KOHe sanene
U J\aHe 3aTpYAHU y xyhn onenoj,
a y KyliH My)KeBJhenoj J\ace He
a KaJ\ je neh )KeHa, J\aHe 6YJ\eaeporxna,a.
(Cup 42, 9-10)
Tonane 529. n, e. aarnopeua je, xao narancxa ycrauona, I1JIaTOHOBa AKaAe-
MHja. MCTe rOJ\HHe DCHeJ\uKTH3 Hypcnje (OKO480 - OKO 550) ocnonao je rrpnn Ma-
HaCTHp aananaor MonaIlITBa, MOHzUe Kacuno (Monte Cassino). Ha 'raj Ha'mH U CUM-
60JIll'IHO jc cnoxa nJIaTOHCKor norncna na CBCT H KJIaCH'IHOr CBCTOBHor otipasona-
n.a aarrrrxor CReTa ycrynnna MeCTO pennraosrroj ManaC'rupcKoj nORytleUOCTH. 3a
Xererra 'ra ronnna upeJ\CTaBJT,a rpaUH'IHHK H3Me1)y CTapor H cpenn.er nexa. EBPO-
rra jc reorparpcxn uOJ\CJI,eHa na JIaTHHcKy H OpTOJ\OKCHjy, a y ronopnou UO-
111
ITE.D:ArOIIIKA CfBAPROCT, XLVITT, 1-2 (2002), Rami Call
rJICIlY na JIaTHHCKH H jC3HK. Y 3aKoHOnaBHoM norneny rp'lKa opronoxcnja
nornana jc non napcxe CBeTOBHe 3aKOHe, ,l.\OK je Y OKBHpy naTHHCKor XpHIIIhaH-
CTBa 6op6y npxcane H yrJIaBHOM ,l.\06HJIa QpKBa, xoja je yrrpaBJhaJIa
H cnaxmr ,l.\pyrHM)KHnOTOM CBe ,1.\0 ,l.\y60KO Y XIV nex. EeHe,l.\HKTOBa
CHHTarMa ora et labora (MOJIH ce H pana) nOCTaJIa je OCHOBHa MOpaJIHa xareropnja,
xoja je, na HCKH rrOBe3HBaJIa sanamsaxxo H MOHaIIITBO. HOBH
MOHaIlIKH nOpC,I.\aK, y 'lHjHM cc PC,I.\OBHMa HajBHIIIc IIIHpHJIa nenarornxa MHcao H
npaKca, nparpatiao je nonpysje nexananm.er PHMcKor uapcrna H ycrreo na H,I.\cjHO
yjenana pasnonpcraa KOHrJIOMCpaT napona, xao IIITO cy JIoM6ap,l.\H, AHrJIH, CaCH,
KeJITH, rOTH, BaMAaJIH, XYHH, CJIOBeHH H npyra HCKaAnarancxn HapOAH, y jCAHH-
C1'BCHy Ka1'OJIWIKy sepy. HapCAHHX OTnpHJIHKC CC)];aM croneha 06jC)];HlhyjyhH CJIy-
)K6CHH, yrrpamra, H KIhH)KCBHH jC3HK 6Hlic Ha ynpa-
)KIhCHHrrpCCTO pHMCKor napa saceo je narra. EHTHy ynory y CBCMy TOMC HMaJIC cy
H "XpHCTOBC CCCTPC", MOHaXHIhC, KOjC cy CpCAIhOBCKOBHHM )KCHaMa AaBaJIC npn-
MCp 6oroyrO,l.\HOr )KHBOTa y Xpncry. ECHC)];HKTOBa JIpaBUJla (Regula), npna H BpJIO
aaanajna paspaheua rpopwynanaja PCJIHrH03HOr 3aKOHO)];aBCTBa, rrOCTaJIa cy yaop
CBHX xacanjnx pHMOKaTOJIWIKHX penona, aJIH ACJIOM H CBHX CBCTOBHHX
xpHIIIhaHcKHx sajcnaana, rra TaKOH fipaxa,
JIpaBUJla cy nanarana ,l.\p)KalbC TCJIa - Tor najneher nenpajaren.a cpemr.one-
KOBHor 'IOBCKa non CTaJIHOM CTcrOM, H36craBaIhC CBHX 'IyJIHHX 3aIlOBOJhCTaBa,
npexnepaaaa,a, najaanen.a, JICHCTBOBalha, cnasan,a, py)KHHX, nerrpacrojaax H
yonurre CyBHIlIHHXpasroaopa, csrexa, csahe. JC)];HOM pe-rjy, Tpc6a 6C)KaTH 0)]; CBHX
CBCTOBHHX 36HBalha xoja HaBOAc na rpcx. Tpc6a CBe CBOjC rrpOIIIJIC rpexe npnsna-
TH H Y 6YAyhHOCTH HX H36craBaTH. Tpc6a ce AP)KaTH CBCKOJIHKOr Y3AP)KaBalha:
yMCpCHOCTH, nOCTa, CKpOMHOCTH, HCBHHOCTH H Jhy6aBH npeua 6ory, TC
,l.\pXTaTH rrpn rrOMHCJIH na rraxao. Te npJIHHC rrOCTaJIC cy y uapenaan BCKOBHMa
OCHOBa jennor HOBOI' 06JIHKa 3ajc1IHH'IKOr H HHAHBHllyaJIHOr )KHBOTa, KaKO y rropo-
TaKO H y MaHaCTHpCKHM hCJIHjaMa.
Kanyhepn cy OCHHBaJIH 60JIHHQC, rpa)];HJIHXOTCJIe H IlIKOJICH yHH-
BCp3HTCTe. OrpOMHO 60raTCTBO OKO nOJIOBHHC nonpIIIHHC Eapone 6HJIOje y If,H-
XOBHM pyxaxra. MaHaCTHpH cy 06pa30BaJIH JICKape, rrpaBHHKC, UH)KHIhCPC, KIhU-
)KCBHUKC, MY3U'lapC,CnHKapC,nOJIHTH'lapC,AHrrnOMaTC, apXUTCKTC,KOBa'lC,rrarrc,
HCKOJIHKO xpan.ena, ana H MHore sa CBOjC BpeMC Haj06pa30BaHHjc
PHqC. OHC cy 6HJIC U3BprHyTe lIeTaJhHujcM nocsrarpan.y U onrrpnjoj nero
xanyhepn, 6Y,l.\yhu Aa cy 6UJIUTU KOjU cy yrrpann.ana )KHBO-
TOM, yxrsyxyjyha U crpepy nacmrraisa. Kanyhepauana cy nporracanana MHoro-
fipojna rrpasana xojax cy CC MOpaJIC rrpanpacasara H xoja cy y rro'rnyaocrn, y CBHM
IICTaJLHMa, perynacana IhHXOB)KHBOT, nocetino H,HXOBO CMCpHO nOHaIIIaIhC. Oco-
6UTO aa IhUX, Ba)KUJIO je npanano na, KaA ron orrase HCIIITO A06po y Cc6H, TO HC
npanncyjy CBOjOj aero 60)Kujoj :mCJIy3U. HaUpO'l'UB, CBaKO 3JIO otianesuo je 'l'pc6a-
JIO CMaTpaTUCBOjUM IICJIOM U npUIIHcaTH ceria,
BacrrHTHC MCpCKa)KIhaBalha jccy pe-ra H IIIH6a, y CKJIaAY ca 6H6JIujCKHM na-
Aa KaA 6UjCIII CBOjC ACTC IIIll6oM, u36aBJhaIII My AyIIIy on CMpTU. Ynora y'IH-
TCJha jc Aa ronopa U noysana, a Aa hyrn U CJIyIIIa. C 063HpOM na jc fie-
crrocnnua nenpajarezs nyme, pan je 06aBC3HO BaCIIUTHO CpCACTBO KaKO aa
MOHaxc TaKOH sa MOHaXHlhc.
1
112
,ll,p Cacrosap )KEHA I1lbEHO BACTII1TAlbE Y CPE,ll,lbEM BEKY
XpHIIIhaHCTBO je penaraja xoja y CBHX BpJIHHa CTaBJba rsyfian, aJIH
jenny CaCBHM CnC:u.HCpH"IHY BpCTy Jby6aBH sacaonany na HCKa3Y "60r je Jby6aB". 113
TC Jby6aBH npOHCTH'IC H rsyoas npeua CC6H H npyrasr Jby,n;HMa. Ha raj Ha"IHH JbY-
6aB cjenan.yje CBC JbY,n;C Y BCJIHKOj 60)KaHcKoj TajHH. Mcl)yTHM, TaKBa n.yoaa HCMa
HHKaKBC BC3C ca TCJICCHHM, ca cTapOrpqKOM Aphrodite, pHMCKHMAmor-oxr H ,n;aJIC-
KOHCTO"IlhaqKHM Kama sutra HJIHTantrom, KOjH cy CBH cnajana nOJIHO H 60)KaHcKo.
HCMa HHrpara on, na npasrcp, oaora nrro 6H onrosapano KHnOBHMa ca HH,n;HjCKHX
xpauona, xojana CC y ,n;H,n;aKTH'IKC H pCJIHrH03HC CBpXC npHKa3HBaJIO cjenan.anaa,e
60roBa C IhHXOBHM)KCHaMa. 3aTo y xpaurhaacrny HC HaHJIa3HMO na HHH:u.Hja:u.Hj-
CKC CBC'IaHOCTH, KOjC onnaxyjy sehaay OCTaJIHX penarnja H xojasra CC CaKpaJIH30-
sao Ii co:u.HjaJIH30BaO YJIa3aK y lIy6cpTCT H nacryuan.e nOJIHC 3pCJIOCTIi. Xpmnhau-
CTBO CC aa TOM1I0JbYorpaan-rana na H3Y3CTHO crpore, MaXOMMarJIOBHTCH rOTOBO
HaCTpaHCxnrajencxe caBCTC. TCJIOHH'IeMy HCCJIy)KH, TCce xao MOpaJIHHunn, 110-
CTaBJba IhcrOBO 3JIOCTaBJI,aIhC. <l>H3H'lKH anean CpC,n;IhOBcKoBHor xpntnhaacraa
6HJIO je pacnehe, MpTBO TCJIO ca rp03HHM TparoBHMa My"Iclha H HC:u.PIIJl>CHOCTH.
TIOJIHHHarOH H TeJICCHH 0ll:HOCH H )KCHC (0 HCTOnOJIHHM 0ll:HOCHMa na
ce H HC rosopa) Mopajy ce na CBaKH Ha"IHH KpOTHTH. YKpaTKo, xpmnhaacxa MO-
pan H cCKcyaJIHOCT "HaWJIlI cy ce y nonozcajy rpajuor cyxoria, ysajaanor npesnpa
H nornynor Mcl)yc06Hor HCKJbY"IClha".2JJ:CBH'IaHCTBO Mapnjmro H ,n;CBH'IaHCKO po-
l)CIhC Hcycoso ycnOCTaBHJIH cy rpanattzjy O.n;CyTHOCTH nOJIHOr, .n;aKJIC rpennror.
TIoCJIaHH:u.c TIaBJIOBC 0ll:HCJIC cy .n;C<pHHHTHBHY noricny.
3601' EBHHor IIpapo.n;HTCJl>CKOr rpexa H cnoje nOXOTHC cCKcyaJIlIOCTH, )KCHa
je IIpOKJICTa H ocyhena y MyKaMa paba ll:CIW. Kopncreha ce THMC, CPCll:H,OBC-
KOBHH MylIIKapa:u. nparpatiao je CByBJIaCT y ,n;pyWTBy, OCTaBHBUIH nOJIOnHHy "IOBC-
'laHCl'Ba (xpumhancxor y OBOM cnyxajy) Y 1I0p,pCI)CHOM IWYWTBCHOM uOJIO)Kajy.
Mnr 0 npBoM rpexy 1I0JIHO HCKBapcHc )KCHC ,n;OBCO je no cxnararsa 0 HCKaKBoj HY-
)KHOj H IIPIlPOll:HOj 1I0ll:JIO)KHOCTH )KCHC MywKap:u.y. YOCTaJIOM, :u.CJIO rpeynanao
.n;pyIIITBO 3aCHHnacc na onaocaua BJIa,n;aBHHc H nOT'lHlhcHOCTH, y OKBIlPY KOjIlX aa-
npano IIHKO HHjC 6HO cJI060,n;aH y nOTllyHoCTH. 113Ha,n; cnaxor xnaaa npyurrna, 6HO
OH pnrep, CBCIIITCHHK, CCJI,aK, )KCHa, HJIIl xpan., crajao je HeKH rocno-
nap, a H3Ha,n; CBIlX IhHX - 60r. JJ:pywTnCHIl nopc,n;aK cMaTpaH je Il npaxnaran xao
60roM nan Il caCBlIM npnponan. Ilpeaapan,e )KCHC H TC)Klha CBCWTCHCTBa sa cser-
CKOM MohH ,n;oBCJIa cy xpHIIIhaHcTBo no KOMIIHJIa:u.Hjc HMncpHjaJIHCTH'IKC nOJIHTIl-
KCPHMa H rHHCKO<p06Hje jCBpejCTBa.
J
To ce uajoorse BH,n;1l y canpacajana CpC,n;IhOBcKoBHor 3aKOHo,n;aBCTBa, HaCTa-
nor non npIlMcTHHM pmrcxor-, npxnenor II napaapcxor, napo-nrro crpa-
or repuancxor npana. TIpaBHIl nonoscaj )KCHC nOHOBO je 3aCHOBaH na snananaua
Tyl'OpC'l'Ba Hap, H,OM(urro CC y BehcM ueny Eupone 3ap,p)KaJIO CBC AO XIX BCKa). Y
paHOM CPCll:n,CM BCKy OHJIO je pacnpOCTpan,CHO xyrronatse llJIH OTIiMaH,C )KCHe.
O)KCHIlTH CC Il xynara/yxpacra )KeHy 6HJIHcy HAeHTIl"IHIl nojaona CBe no xpaja Xl
BCKa. Ilpasnn era-rye 6HO je HaCJIc,n;aH
4
H on oua npeJIa3HO je na cuua (IIa npHMcp,
CHCTeM nacaebnnaa.a rppanuycxax xpan.esa HCKJby'IIIBao je )KCHCKO nOToMcTBO).
3aKoH je 6paHlIO na )KCHC 6y,n;y "maHH:u.c 3aHaTCKIlX ynpyscen,a, ca Haj'IcwhllM
06pa3JIO)KCIhCM na xanrpe H IIIcrpTIl nehe CIhHMa na cene y IlCTOj npocropnja (no-
nexan cy H3Y3CTaK6HJICYAOBIl:u.C H rxarse jcp HX je 6HJIOMHoro). JJ:aKJIC, Il3 npas-
IIC nOT'IHILCHOCTH)KCHC npoacra-re H IhCHa CKOHOMCKa nOT'IHIhCHOCH 3aBilCHOCT
113
OE)J,ArOlllKA CTBAPHOCT, XLVIII, 1-2 (2002), HOnI1 Call
ort MyITIKapna. eBC no XVI nexa rtpsna nnje Morna na yrYIIIM MHOrO)KCHCTBO.' OHO
je 3BaHII'IHO saopan.cno TCKna TpII,o:CHTCKOM KOHU;IIny (1545-1563), Kana jc, TaKO-
1)c, KaTonWIKa upsna Kona'IHO ycrrerra na fipa rrpCY3MC Y CBOjc pyxe (0,0: 'rana,
6paK ce Morao CKJIOrrIITII casro y rrpacycrsy CBCIIITcnIIKa II nna ,1.\0 TpII CBC,I.\OKa).
Hnax, arm rrIIcaHII 3aKOHII, C063IIpOM na je BenIIHa JbYIW cpena.er uexa OH-
JIa HcrrIICMCHa, OIInH cy MaH,C Ba)KHH on OHIIX HeUUCaT-IUX, 'rCCTO JOITI ropnx H sa
)KCHy jour BIIIIIC nomcsaaajyhax 0,1.\ npCTXO,l.\HIIX. Ha npIIMCp, y 0,l.\PC,I.\6II 06wraj-
nor rrpana y BpH)Ky (XIV) nopunpauo je: "MY)K MO)KC na Ty'IC II pana CBOjy )Kcny,
ll:a je PC)KC on rope no ,l.\OJIC II na rpeje nore y n.enoj KpBH. OH HC 'IIIHII nIIKaKBO
Ka)Kn,IIBO aKOje nOBC)KC II aKOona Hag)KHBII"." 3a BcnIIHy CPCll:H,OBCKOBHIIX
(HapWIIITO OHIIXII3 nH)KHX CTanC)Ka) II3pa3 nosuanau,a )KCHC nonpaay-
MCBao je nonamaa,e y CKJIagy ca aparrcxoxr II3pCKOM "TYU;H )Kcny cranno; aKO TH
ne anam 3amTO, OHa TOcnrypno ana"." parru;ycKo 06H'Iajno rrpano 'rora nooa xa-
)KC: Lefema nouon soun gen (:>KCHC nncy JI,ynCKa OM)Ka).H
BIIJIO jc BcnMKIIX TpBCH,a OKO rmran.a na JIM CC )Kcna pasnaxyjc on )KIIBOTM-
U,C, 0ll:HOCHO MMaJIM nynry MnM ne, IIMTaILC KOjC jc pasxrarpauo na u;pKnCUOM catio-
py y MaKOUII (VI BCK). Ha TOM cxyny sannanano je MIUHJbCU,C ua CC )KCua UaJIa3II
ncrnc II3MC1)y )KIIBOTIIlhCII 'rOBCKa, na jc oua "uccaBpIIICU 'IOBCK" (ApIICTOTcn ua
neny). I1pIInIIKoM rnacan,a 0 nocenonan.y nyIIIC, TCK ca jC,!\HIIM rJIaCOM BIIITIC
M3rJIaCanO je na je )KCHa nnax lIMa, "TCK CjCgUIIM rnacoxr BcnIIUC yTCKJIa
je )KCHa Cnymosr"."
IIITO CC nOJIO)Kaja )KCHC TWIC, Y uajpaanje xpn-
ITInaHCKllX aajcnnana HCKC Oil IhllX llMaJIC cy rrpaBO na BpmCH,C HCKIIX JIWI'yprllj-
CKllX CJIy)KOH (haxoaece II nonerne 'raK II y onrapcxoj cnY)KOll (T3B. Mll-
UHCTpIIpau,c).10 MC1)yTllM, y6p30 cy CC IIPOTllB 'rora ca BCJIllKOM ynopnonrhy
IIaIIC (Tparopaje IX, I1UOKCHTHjC Ill). OCHOHy IIoWlOry sa, 'IaK 1I canaiun,a,
npxneno-rrpanrm nonoscaj )KCUC xaromr-rxor cnera IIa'IMHlIO je yvnrrcrr. 'reo.nornje
II OCUIIBa'r KaUOUllCTllKC I'parnan (Gratianus) 1142. cnojoxr CllCTCMaTCKOM 36llpKOM
KaHOHCKllX rrponnca (Concordia discordantium canonum, xacnnje nasnana Decreta).
OnllM oT{pCT{oaMa )KCUll ce satipaa.yjc oriann.an,e OIlJIO xaxne xyrrrypno-rnrrypr-aj-
CKC yHyTap upxnenor rrpocropa, ncn.en.e npnnecra CJIy-
)K6CHO noynanan,c II OOaBJLaILC KpITITCn,a. OT{pIl'IC llM CC II npano ira 1)aKonaT, OC3
063llpa na nocrojan,e )KCnCKC 1)aKoHcKC CJIy)K6c y npB06HTHoj npxna, xao II y
MuorllM naTpllCTwrKllM II nceynonarpacm-rsmr cnacmra. AJIll, nnje UMITITa CMCTa-
JlO ce II y CpCgILCM BCKy 3agp)KC naTpllCTWIKll cranona 0 Tpll npmnara cran.a
)KCUC: YT{aTO, ll, nocc6uo gCBwlaUCKO. Jom 60JI,Cpeneno, npCT{
n,y 1I0CTaBJbeH jc CKy'ICHll300P out murus, out marites (JiJIn MaHacTllp 11JIll (ipux).
I10JIua nejemraxocr II nepamronpannocr BJIanaJIa jc y opa'lHoM II ITIrCanOM 1I
o6ll'rajHoM HpaBy. Cpcnn.a BCK jc y TOM norncny KopaK aaaan y OgHOCy na PllMCKO
napcrno, Cnaxa xpnrnhancxa Mopana je na llMa "rnany", a TOjc OIlO oran;
xao HITO je OO)Kjc O'IIIHCTno ll3BOPII no-rcrax cnera nITO nocrojn, TaKO je II 3CMan,-
CKO O'IllHCTBO npsn n y (OO)KjcO'IllHCTBO y MaJIOM). Y
fipaxy )KCHa Tpcoa na je IIOnnmKHa My)Ky, II TO je ocrrona cpemr.onexonnor XpM-
ITInaUCKOr rropomr-mor npasa. I1Pll cnaxoxr CHOpy onnysryjc non.a My)Ka. OH jc npna
ayroprrrer noponane. Y rrporaaaon, pynnr CC cxana noponn-nrax npennocrn. JCCTC
na jc My)K (6apCM gCKJIapaTIIBHO) Mopao )KCHy Jhy6llTllH 0 H,Oj CC 6pllHyTII, ann CC
)KeHa H,CMY Mopana HOKOpaBaTll. I1 aaje HllIIITa HCOOWIIIO IllTO cy )KeHC Ty
114
)],pCBeT03ap )],yH!)epCKI1: )KEHA H IbEHO BACIlHTAIbE Y CPE)],IbEM BEKY
gy)KHOCTM CMaTpaJIe CaCBMM rtpapomroja, jep cy on CaMI1X no-reraxa XpMIIIhaHCTBa
ooepysxe npaxsarane 'ry sepy 11 gp)l(aJIe ce lheHI1XKaHOHa.
Jenna on Hajyo'IJbI1Bl1jl1X nejennaxocrn KpMJIa ce y OKBl1py cexcyarmor )l(I1-
BOTa. Mnanoxcea,a je I1MaO npaso na CBOjy 3aKoHMTy )I<eHy BpaTI1 lheHOM ouy, aKO
611 y npsoj fipasmoj nohn OTKpl10 na naje geBI111,a. Ty 'IaK naje 6110 rrorperian HI1
paason fipaxa, jep TaKaB fipax, 360r nexe spcre npesape, 6110 je npasno aesaaceha
(TaKBI1 CJIy'IajeBI1 npI1JIl1'IIIO cy ce 3aMpCI1JII1 aatipanou passona). Y 'Il1TaBoj JII1Te-
parypa, onpxnanoj aCKe30M, )l(eHa je ysex Ta xoja CHOCI1 KpMBI111,Y. I10nyT csoje 3a-
'IeTHI111,e EBe, OHa paha rpenrne MMCJII1, vrynttaja je 11 HaCpTJbI1BMja on MyIIIKapll,a,
Te orrIIITM 11 ca l)aBOJII1Ma (BeIIITI111,e). A xana 611 ce nexa )l(eHa, HaKOH CMpTM My-
xca, nOHOBO ynana, CMaTpaJIO ce na je na TOTepa cano nprsana noacyna.
lJ,eJI116aT MgeBI1'IaHCTBO 611JII1 cy y ll,pKBeHI1M xpyroaana ynex na nean, Ma-
na KOg CTaHOBHI1IIITBa unxana HI1CY 611JII1 nocetino y MOgl1. I1I1Talha ll,eJII16aTa cy
MY'IUJIa xarryhepe, Kojl1Ma je caBeTOBaHO na rOTOBO naHl1'IHO 6e)l(e on xceaa (HeKI1
cy nax CnaBaJII1 CMJIagl1Mnesanaaa na 6M BMgeJII1 Mory JIll ce CY3gp)KaTI1). Y npso
apesre xpl1IIIhaHCTBa IJ cy ce )KeHI1JII1, aJII1 ce yBeK on lhl1X Tpa)KI1JIO
na 6yp,y Y3gp)KaHM KO)1. TeJIeCHI1X seaa ca CBOjl1M xcenaxra. I106ega crpyje xoja ce
fiopnrra sa ll,eJIIJ6aT nacrymrna je, He 6e3 CTpaXOBlITOr npo'rann.en,a," TeK y XI Be-
Ky. Ynepene nermoara, na 'Ieny ca KaJIy!)epOM (nana
Tparopaje VII), 3al1CTa cy BepOBaJIe na CBeIIITeHO JII111,e MO)Ke na nOTnyHI1 Ha'II1H
CJIY)KI1TI1 fiory caxro aKO je onsojeno on onaCHOCTI1 )l(eHe. CBOjOM 'legHoIIIhy no-
ce6HO cy ce xanyhepnne, 'IaK II y HajTe)KIIM CI1Tyall,l1jaMa,12 xopacrehn
ce 11 pa3HHM cpencrmoaa 11 nOMaraJIHMa, xao IIITO je nojac HeBI1HOCTH. I1naK, HI1CY
CBII ycnenana y TOMe, a MyIIIKapll,IIMa je MO)Kga 6IIJIO II Te)l(e, jep cy CTaJIHO 6HJIII
II3JIO)l(eHII JIyKaBcTBIIMa xyprnaana, KOjIIX je, HeMa CYMlhe, 6IIJIO nocra H y cpen-
lheM nexy, KaKOP,yXOBHl1'IKI1X, TaKOII 06II'IHI1X.
Cpemsonexosaa HMaJIaje csoja noceona 06eJIe)Kja. <l>paHa'I-
KO nJIeMCTBO II lherOBII KpaJbeBII rronarmr cy KOHKy6IIHaT rOTOBO go HI1BOa 'IaCHO-
ern, Y raaexejava BeJIHKIIX 60raTaIIIa npacane cy MJIap,e neaojxe, xoje cy
CJIY)K1We sa cexcyanno aanoaon.aaan.e CBOjHX rocnonapa. OBaKBe rrojase npirsnaaa-
fTH cy II ll,pKBa 11 3aKOH, KOjH je 'TaK IIITI1THO IIJIeMHhKe ,IJ,OK je OBa
"upxyircxa" (60raTaIIIKa) rrpocnrryunj a 6IIJIa norryurrena, 06l1'IHa (" BpTHa") OIIITpO
ce KmKlhaBaJIa 11 nporan.ana." To je, aanpaso, 6HO rrpaan nO'IeTaK nyre 60p6e
esporrcxor 3aKOHOAaBCTBa KOjl1M ce Te)KHJIO KOHTpOJII1CalhY MJIII ncxopen.aaan.y
npocnrrynnje. Cpenn.osexonne npocnrryrxe 6IIJIe cy y nojegIIHIIM pa3p,06JbIIMa no-
ce6HO 06eJIe)l(aBaHe.
I(,
Kana cy BJIaCTII CXBaTlIJIe na nponaja Jby6aBl1 MO)l(e 1I .lhIIMa
gOHeTI1 IIPOeplIT, pa3BlIJIe cy npacasae Op,HOCHO MyHIIll,ImaJIHe 60PAeJIe, KOjHXje 6H-
fro y rOTOBO CBaKOM BeheM eBponCKOM rpany, Taxo cy My)l(eBII 'TeCTHTlIX xcena MO-
rJIlI cnoxojno, He 6plIHyhl1 ce sa CBOjy 11 n.nxouy 'TaCT, Y jaBHHM KyhaMa HaJIa3l1TH
cexcyanny pasonony. Y TyJIy3y ce HaJIa3l1JIa jasna xyha xojy je npnanana He caxro
xparsencxa H rpancxa, Hero 11 YHl1Bep311TeTCKa BJIaCT (npena xparsencxoj nOBeJbI1,
JI06IlT ce MOpaJIa JIeJIIITM 113Me!)y rpana 11 YHl1Bep3HTeTa).17 Jasaa KyrTaTIIJIa oncrana
cy 11 y cpeAlheM sexy, a y 1-bI1X rrpacrojna xceaa nnje 3aJIa3l1JIa, sa pa3JIIIKy on MyIIIKa-
paua KOjl1cy II 'ry HaJIa311JIlI onrosapajyhe )KeHCKO gpyIIITBO.
Kao arrranon ceKcyaJIHOM pasapary 11 rrpocrmynaja, aa CBe BI1IIII1HI1BO no-
AI13aH je KyJIT Mapuje, Eoroponnne 11 Ileanne. Pa3Bl1JIa ce 'IUTaBa IICTpa)KI1Ba'IKa
liS
IlEAAfOiliKA CTBAPHOCT, XLVIII, 1-2 (2002), Hona Call
nncrrarrnaua xoja CC 1h0MC6aBlIJIa - uapuonoiuia, "IlIjll KOpCHlI CC)J(y Y BpCMCxana
JOIII HMCy 6MJIM HMna nOMOJIy BCJIMKM pasnopa y U;pKBM. To je jenan on sajenna-r-
KMX CJICMCHaTa .I1.CTO"IHC M 3anaAHc MO)J(Aa najcrapnja M najyrauajuzja
MapMOJIOIlIKa rrporronen (XoMMJIlIja) OTa"IKC U;pKBC jCCTC IIpOKJIOBa
19
(410--485)
XOMUJluja 0 M3pC'ICHa y Ilaparpany na rp"IKoM jC3MKy (428. MJIM
429). JOlII Y crapov BCKy rrpcacnena jc na CBC Ta,n;aIIIIhC xpMIIIhaHCKC jC3MKC M
npCp;CTaBJI,a HCKy BpCTy 6a3M"IHOr paaxrarpau.a xpMIIIhaHCKor ananea,a Mapaje."
Y CHOjC BpCMC OBa XOMlIJIMja 611JIa jc TCMCJh pacrrpane 0 TOMC CMC JIM CC Mapnja
Ha3BaTlI Boroponauov (npCTnOCTaBJha CC ,n;a ce neh 'rana npasaonao MapMjMH
OHO IIITO je seh Ta,n;a naro y HaCJIcI)c cpc,n;lhcr BCKa 6MJIa jc Mapajana HC-
BUHOCT xao onIIITa )J(CHCKa BpJIMHa, xao M ynora )J(CHC xao MajKC. )KcHa je OB,n;C,
aarrpaso, raj MOCT M3MCI)y 60ra M"IOBC"laHCTBa (Y3 XpUCTa, cnacnren,a on A,n;aMO-
nor rpexa), Mapnja je na 6C3rpCIIIaH Ha"IlIH (6C3 MyIIIKor CCMCHa - asporos) pona-
JIa fiora saoneneaor y 'IOBC'IjM JIMK. ,[l,aKJIC, seh 'rana UMaMO npUJIWIHO asrpaheu
anean )KCHC cpemser BCKa, nnean CJIyIIIKUIhC, Majxe M ,[l,CBMU;C. BCJIMKa MajKa
O,n;yBCK je 6MJIa jC,n;HO on najovarsenajax 60)J(aHCTaBa, na jc U y JIMKy Mapnje no-
6MJIa CBOjC MCCTO (CBOjy HaCJIc,n;HMU;Y). Haxo npc cnera MajKa, OHa HC 6M TO MOrJIa
na 6y,n;e na aaje )J(eHa. Kaxo je )J(CHa OTCJIOBJbClhC nOJIHOCTU, xpmnhana cy y CBO-
joj HCJIHKOj onanocrn rrpeua Mapnjn, HaIlIJIH MoryhHocT .n;a 6ap J\OHCKJIC cxmpe
paaanery 'IyJIHOCT. Behana xpMIIIhaHCKMX CBeTMJIMIIITa KOjC BCpHMU;M nocehyjy I10-
csehena jc yupano Mapnja, a CJIaBa IhCHa 'IeCTOHa,n;UJIa3H CJIaByU caxror Hcyca,
AHaJIM3MpajyhM CTapM 3aBeT, 0 Mapnja ce MO)J(e HCIlITO PChM TCK naKOH
I10jaBc l1cyca XpMCTa, C063MpOM na je OHa 6y,n;yha MajKa otiehanor MCCMjC. Y TOM
CMMCJIy, CTapM 3aBeT jc I1pMIIpCMa sa HOBu. Mapnja jc caxro HarOBCIIITCHa, npc
cnera Kp03 JIHKOBC CTap03aBCTHMX )J(CHa xoje cy na 'Iy,n;ecaH Ha'IMH po,n;UJIe (Capa,
Peoexa, AHa, EJIM3a6cTa). KP03 OIlMC ncropaje CIIaCClha MI10JIaraHy I1pMIIpeMY sa
.I1.cycOB ,n;OJIa3aK na CBCT, I10CTCIICHO CC na CBCTJIOCT M3HOCM JIMK )J(CHC, l1CyCOBC
MajKc, xoja he MopaTM ,n;a BO,n;U 6op6y ca 3MMjOMxao OJIM'IClhCMI10JIHC rposc. OBa
60p6a 3Ha'IMhc M60p6y CBHX 6y,n;yhMX )J(CHa I1pOTHB I10JIHHX norpeoa, IIITO he 'rpa-
jarn BCKOBMMa, a MO)J(,n;a rpaje M nanac." 3aMcTHyTo je HCIIpMjaTCJhCTBO M3Mel)y
3MUjC (l)aBOJIa, COTOHC) M )J(CHC, a HC My)J(a (!), jcp )J(CHa (EBa) 6MJIa je 'ra xoja jc
cTyIlUJIa y pasronop ca 3MMjOM U I1pBa I1o,n;JIerJIa 3JIy (HC My)J( Anau). EBa
rrpencrann.a CBC )J(CHC, A.n;aM CHC MyIIIKapl\c.
21
Ilpeua TyMa'IMMa Bntirraje, I1paHM
I106C.n;HMK nan 3MIIjOM IIIIaK jc MyIIIKapau; - Hcyc, a Mapnja (npyra EBa) TCCHO jc
I10BC3aHa C IhMM jep ra je (6c3rpcIIIHo) ponuna II ovorybana My IhcrOBO crracn-
TCJhCKO ,n;CJIO. 11 Ty jc jesrpo MaplIOJIorujc, aJIII II CBMX CpC,n;lbOBCKOBHMX (I1a II xa-
CHMjUX) cxsaratsa 0 )J(CHII II IhCHOj yJI031I.
Y HOBOM sancry najseha ,n;CO sa norpeoc onnca Mapnjaaor JIIIKa HaJIa3IIMO
y JIyKIIHOj nOBCCTM ,n;CTMIhCTBa (JIK. 1,4-2,52), aJIII U y pa3JIH'IMTMM alIoKpHCpHHM
jCBaHl)eJhIIMa. Mapnja je onpacna y jCBpCjCKOj I10P0}\III\II, I1a je 'I1ITaBO H,eHO na-
CIIMTalhC 6IIJIO yCMCpCHO xa U;MJhY ,n;a cc aa npesre yna, JCBpCjCKC ,n;CBOj"I1IU;C I10Ma-
raJIC cy y KyhHIIM I10CJIOBIIMa My ,n;CJIaTHOCTMMa na I10JhY (aKO jc noponnrta noce-
,n;OBaJIa 3CMJbY). Mapnja je npe cnera 6HJIa sanyacena sa ,n;OHOIlICH,C none ca nsnopa
sa KyhHC rrorperie. IIIITalhe nesoja-nce I1MCMCHOCTII naje CC yormrre I10CTaBJhaJIO,
na PO,n;IITCJhII HMCy BO,n;IIJIII pa-ryna 0 HCKaKBOM BMIIICM oripaaonan.y (jespejcxe
lIIKOJIC 6MJIC cy HaMCIhCHC IICKThY'IMBO ,n;c"laU;HMa KOjMcy ce npMnpCMaJIM aa KaCHM-
116
,UpCBeT03ap )KEHA I1lhEHO BACIlI1TAlhE Y CPE,UlhEM BEKY
je CTYRHjC 3aKOHa, KOjC nenojxaua HHCy 6HJIC Tl03BOJbCHC). 3Ha
'IH,
Mapnja, KaO
II:CBojKaca CCJIa, HHjC 3HaJIa na 'IHTa H name, TyMa'IH 3aBCTa csrarpajy na TO 3Ha-
lbC HCGHlby y'IHHHJIOY GO)l{jHMO'IHMa HH npajaraajou HH /.I;pa)l{OM,24 jep je )l{HBC-
JIa y 1I:06a MCMopHjaJIHC a HC 'IHTaJIa'IKC KyJITypC (IIITO unje GaIII caCBHM Ta'IHo).
<I>opMHpalbc nOHH3HC BCpC 6HJIO jc Ba)l{HHjc 0/.1; CBCTOBHor ofipaaonan.a, a TCMCJb-
HOnacrraraa.e y BCpHCBaKH Jcspej 1I:0GHjao je Y P0II:HTCJbCKOj xyha (nenaa,e ncan-
MH, GO)l{ja cJIy)l{6a). JCII:HHO IIITO jc naMTHJIa 6HJIO je MHOro 'rora IIITO je 'IyJIa y CH-
narorn. 3HaJIa je na perrponyxyje 0TlJIOMKC H3 Cneror nHCMa. ITo cBCMy,
Mapnja je npOIIIJIa pa3BHTaK y06H'IajcH sa II:CBOjKC csor BpCMCHa H CBOjC CpCII:HHC,
yxrsy-ryjyhu (cxnana ce yioeop H3MCl)y oua /.I;CBOjKC H 6Y/.l;yhcr nepeanxa)
H nennarse (ca Jocanou), TC YJIa3aKy MY)l{CBJbCBY xyhy. Y jCBpCjcKOM cBCTy )l{CIla
je 6HJIa npCII:MCT, crsap, BJIaCIlHIIITBO ona, My)l{a HJIHcrapajer fipara. Ilpeua CTa-
pojcnpejcxa 3aKoHHMa, II:CBojKa ca rpanaccr r0Il:HHa CMaTpaJIa CC nyHOJICTHOM H
MOrJIa cc YTlaTH (11:0 II:BanaCCTc ronane 06aBHJIa 6H CC BCpHII:6a). Cnaxoj jCBpCjCKOj
noponnun 6HJIO jc CTaJIO Tlace nITO npc orapacn )l{CHCKOr TlCTCTa,25 a OTlyrOBJIa'IC-
lbC ca BCpHII:60MII:CBOjKC seh CTaCaJIC sa ynajy 3Ha'IHJIOje MOpaJIaIl nail: H nOHH)l{C-
lbC no npocTHTyTKC.
26
ITOII:pa3YMcBa ce lI:a je Mapnja yIIIJIa y fipax xao IlO npenatse HII:C H
nan.e, na xasce na je OHa H II:0IIIJIa na CBCT 6C3 HCTOllHor rpexa," TCna je, sfior 1'0-
ra, 6HJIa OCJI060l)cIla CBaKC CTpaCTH. KaKO lbCIlH P0II:HTCJbH aa TO HHCy 3HaJIH,
npOIIIJIa jc y06WIajCHOM CTa30MH OHH cy joj IlaIIIJIH BcpCHHKa. KaKO 6H CC no cna-
Ky qCIly ca'lynaJIO TlcnWIaHCTnO nepeanxa, H>HMa HHjC 6HJIO Tl03nOJbCIlO na ce HKa-
KO nahy nacaxro. Bepnnoa nonpaayuena na je nepennna y CBaKOM norJICII:Y BJIaCHH-
IIITBO csor BcpCIlHKa, HaKO 11:0 caxtor aen-raa.a H nan.e )l{HBH ca non n-ero-
nOMjc na)l{lbOM H CBC IIITO 3apall:H npnnana lbCMy.
BCJIHKH np06JICM aane'ronacaua H lbHXOBHX 'ryxrasra 6HJIO jc paajannsaaan.e
nOJIHHX onnoca H3Mcl)y Mapnje H JOCHna H n.enor II:CBH'IaHCTBa, KOjC CC MOpaJIO
UP0/.l;y)l{HTH U TOKOM fipaxa. 0 JOCHny CC yonurre MaJIO rouopn y HOBOM aasery, a
n.eron npeua Hcycy HHjCOTlpCl)CH. Kao MapHjHH 03aKOu,CHHcynpyr, Jocan
je 6HO IIoTpcGaH H TyMa'IHMa 360r jaxor oGH'IajHor npasa, npeua
KojcM HCMa nOTIlYIlc 6C3 MyIIIKc rJIaBC. JClI:aH neo Hcycone JIH'IHOCTH, a
TOjc n.erona fbygcKa CTpana, Mopao je 1I:06HTH nyno IIOpOIl:WIHO naCnHTaILC, KOjC
6H 6C3 oua (Jocnna) 6HJIOnenorttyno. Majxa jCCTC sacrrara-r cpua 'IOBcKonor, aJIH
je oran II:PYIlITBcHor H pannor YKJbY'lclba y 3ajc1I:IlH1W. 3a nacmrran.e 6y-
nyhax xpmnhaucxax noponaua 6uo je norpeoan npHMep cnere Ilopomme. Taxna
rroponaua cTBapa najsanre II:0MCTC JbYTlCKC Jby6anll xoja ce netse na "CHC)KHC nn-
CUIlC" TlCHWlaIlcTHa. Caxro 'IHCTU U HCBUIlUPOTlUTCJI,U Kp03 )l{pTHy MO-
rJIH cy H3HCII:PUTU jenner Hcyca.
ITp06JICM je penren TaKO IIITO je U Mapnja H Jocany (ncIIITo xacaaje) cne
ofijacnno anheo KOjll llM CC yxasao y CHyII ofijactrao na Mapaja Mopa na 3a
'IHC
"no
Ilyxy CBCTOM". JCII:HHO TaKO JOCUII jc Morao na IIpUXBaTU Mapnjy U lI:onCII:C jc y
CHOjy xyhy," C 063llpUM na je na /.I;aH HCH'Ialba ona 6uJIa aeh y 'ICTHpTOM
TpYTlHOnc. TaKBa cpaMoTa HC 6H ce MOrJIa nOTlHCTU, na je JOCllII 0TlBCO Mapujy y
ECTJICXCM, rne ce MOrJIa IIOpOIl:UTU 6C3 Goja3HH Tla he u3ry6uTu "Tl06ap rnac".
Ilpcua cTap03aHcTHoM jcspcjcxon 3aKoHy, )l{CHa xoja POTlUII:CTC HC'IHCTajc, U TO
'ICTPII:CCCT nana aKO CC ponn CUIl, a oeociiipyxo II:Y)l{C aKO CC porta heptca. Ta IlC'IH-
117
ITEjJ,ArOlliKA CTBAPHOCT, XLVIlJ, 1-2 (2002), Hom! Can
croha jc, 'YaK, aapaana U rrpCHOCU CC rryreu "OJl:upa.
2911ITaRUmC
U Mapaja, KaO Eo-
roponnna, nornana je nOA 3aKOH KyJITHOr O'IUIIIhclha. Taxo jc Mapnja rrOCTaJIa
MajKa Mecaje, a TUMCU xpyna CBUX )KCHa. C IhCHIiM MccujaHcKI1M Maj'IRHCTBOMsa-
nO'ICJIOje ACJIO orxynn.en.a npapOJl:UTCJI,CKOr rpcxa.
J],aJI,a Mapnjaaa cyn6uHa 6uJIa jc rrOBC3aHa ca 11CyCOM XpUCTOM, !IOK CC sa
Jocmra, KOjU jCJl:HOCTaBHO nccrajc U najc 6UTaH (rpcoano ra jc 0P)KC-OOJI,C yKJIO-
HIiTJi na 6u ce aafiopauana Ii 6JiJIO KaKBa MoryhHocT n.eronor yuetuha), npCTIIO-
CTaBJI,a na je yvpo KaJl: je Hcyc UMao 'reTUpu roJl:UHC.
Hcyc HUjC noxabao HUKaKBy mKOJIy, aJIUjc Jocnrra HaCJICJl:UO KJICCapCKU
3aHaT, y CKJIa!IY ca jCBpCjCKUM 06u'IajI1Ma. 3601' Jby6alll1 upeua HCGCCKOM OIlY 11
3601' CBOjC OB03CMaJI,CKC yrrore, Mopao jc na 3anOCTaBU U aanar, ann 11, IlITO jc Ba-
)KHUjC, CBOjy MajKy Mapnjy. Cana ce BUgUna ce n-ena Mucuja rrOCTcrrCHO
jc caMUM 'IRHOM 6c3rpcIlIHor pahan.a. Y HOBOM aascry OHa CTaJIHO ncnyjc 36yH,C-
no, HUIIITa HC CXBaTa, a aKO U CXI3aTU, ne CXBaTU AO xpaja. Hseanna nepa ncpacKu-
nUBO jc rrOBC3aHa ca rrocnyrrmomhy. OHa je CJIymKuH,a Tocrromnrona. MaJICHa jc,
rrOHU3Ha, y nornynocra 'IRCTa (npaana"), caCBUM rrpenana (0)Kjl1M rrpOXTCBl1Ma, a
601', KOjl1 CC YJl:OCTOjUO ga OKO na CBOjy rrOH113HY CJIyUIKl1H,y, Y3!IU)KC je 110
najIll1IUCr. Enanhcn.a 0 Mapnja najy BpJIOMaJIOnonaraxa TOKOM Hcyconor jaI3HOr
Ilpe nero nITO Y'IRHl1 npno 'IygO (rrpernapaa.e BOIIC y BUHO), Hcyc xa-
)KC: "IIITa ja 11MaM CT060M, )KCHO!" (11B 2,4). )KCJII1 ce na CBC na-rnne 1I03Ha'IHTM
Ila OlllIOC MajKa-cMH y OIlOMcny-rajy Mopa CC IIOTMCHC Y1I03a)\l1lIY, can Ka)\ jc OH,
oKpy)KCH CllOjUM Y'ICHUI\UMa, 3anO
'ICO
CBOjC jamro I\CJIORaH,C xao y'IHTCJh CBIrx JI,y-
AU. OJl: cana Mapnja BUIIIC aajc Ba)KHa, H,CH Maj'IRHCKU YI\CO npecraje. OHa 011 xao
)KCHa cauo CMCTaJIa IhcrOBOM gCJIOBaH,y U UCTl1Hl1 IhCrOBl1X penn, na jc norpcriaa
Jl:UCTaHu;a. 01\ Tor 'rpcnyrxa Mapnja Bl1I1IC IIl1jC CMCJIa Jl:a IlpUIl1 Ul1KaKaB YTl1I\aj na
Hcyca U UMaJIa je gy)KHOCT na CC, xao )KCHa, rro crpamr (y H,crOROM )Kl1BoTy
nojanahe ce JOIlI caxro nna nyra), OH he joj IhCHOnpano Maj'IIIHcTBa BCJIUKOgYIIlHO
IIOKJIOHUTU TCKua xpajy cuor OB03CMaJbCKOr nyra, oner otipahajyhn joj ce ca ")KC-
HO" (11B 19,26). Ilpenajyhn je y pyKC U non cTapalbc cnor y'IcIuIKa 1113aHa, UOOpl1-
HyO CC aa IbCHy "Cl1rypHOCT", C06311pOM na JCBpCjKC HUKa/\ HI1CY 6UJIC caMOCTaJI-
HC, TC cy MOpaJICI1MaTl1 ryropa. TyMa'Il1 3aBCTa y OBOMC 'Il1Hy Bl1gC 03BaHl1'ICH,C
rora na Mapnja nocraje MajKa CBUX OHUX KOjC 11BaH rrpCJl:CTaBJI,a, xao U 1\113alba
Maj'II1HcTBa na IIl1jcnCCTaJI cpYHI\aMCHTaJIHC I\CJIOTBOPHOCTl1. Mapnja nocraje saro-
BOpHUI\a CBUX JI,Ylll1 K0Jl: H,CHor CUHa Hcyca, HCKa BpCTa BCJIUKC MajKC. 11 jorn HC-
uno: ona YMl1pC y CyIIITUHl1 :mjC)I,lIO ca 11CyCOM, IIOCTaBIIIU MajKa CBl1X 3001' KOjl1X
je on ysrpo na KpCTy. Ona jc, sanpano, rryxa oapas Xpl1CTOBC caBpIllCUOCTl1 (na
CJIJ11IaH Ha'IIiH cpcgH,OBcKOBHa )KCHa MO)KC nocrnha caxro na 6YJl:c lIlTO Jl:OCTOjHUjl1
onpas BaJI,aUOr MYIlIKapu;a). ThCH Jl:aJI,l1 oopaBaK na 3CMJI,U HUjC orrpannan (y Ho-
BOMaanery H,CIIOl1MC CnOMl1IbC CC jour casro H TOy3rpCIVIO), jcp nana IraM
je Hcyca xao fipa'ra CRHX Hac, 'Il1MC YJIa3UMO y (0)Kjy rrOp0Jl:UI\Y, OCJIOOOi)CHl1 CBa-
xor ponCTBa, a, npe CBl1X, porrcrna npexra corrCTBCHOM (u Tyi)CM) TCJIy H H,CrOBl1M
norpeoana H rrO)KygaMa,'O ThCHl1M Maj'Il1HCTIlOM onpebeua je cna H,C3MHa ynora y
neny crracen.a," a TOKOM BCKOBa KOjU cy Jl:0JIa3UJIU, ynora )KCHC yOIIIII'rC Ol1hc TOM
yJIOroM acnprrrscna. 3a OCTBapCH,C TaKBC ynore nehe 6uTIr nOTpc6HC HUKaKBC
IIIKOJlC y HHcTIlTyu;nOHaJIHOMCMIlCJlY: 6Ilrrc AOBOJbHO nacmrraa,c y noponmm IIJln
ManaCJ'IIpy. J],CIlOjKC KOjC cy ))(CJICJIC na, norryr Mapnje, ocrany y Jl:CBIl
1ranCTBY
(ja-
118
.QpCneroaap .QyHl)epCKH: )I(EHA 11IbEHO BACITI1TAIbE Y CPE.QIbEM BEKY
CHO je na HlICy MOrJICOCTBapHTH MapHjaHcKo saxehe H pahan.e), 0)\a6HpaJIC cy Ma-
HaCTHpCKO BaCIIHTalLC.
Illnpe rJIClJ;aHO, UOIIITOBalhCXp111I1naHa IlpCMa Map11j11 CBC CC B111I1C paaaaja-
JIO 11 rrponytin.aaano. To he ce rrOKa3aT11 HC casro y TCOJIOIIIKO-JI11Typr11jcKoM CMH-
CJIy 11 naponnoj II06mKHocTH, Bcn H y JIHTCpaTypH, najapcrsy, CJIHKapcTBy. Hajse-
ha CPCil;lhOBCKOBHH 6Hhc o-rapaan lLOMC H aarrpanahc MHOiliTBO pCMCK-
HHcIIHpHcauH ILCHHM JIHKOM. YocTaJIOM, Mapnja ce csrarpa IIpBOM xoja je
npernna H3 jCBpCjCKC Y XpHlIlTIaHcKy BCpy, na jc OHa IIpBa nepmma-xpmnhanxa,
"xrajxa name BCPC", xoja jc osroryhana na CBH )KUBC Y BCpH, lI:a y H,Oj onpacrajy,
lLOM ce sacnarauajy 11 CBOj11M )K11BOTOM ynecrnyjy Y CIIaCCH,a. BaCU11TaH,C KO-
je jc Mapnja IIp11M11J1a 0)\ Hcyca ('iHMC je IIOCTaJia n.eron iipeu y'ICH11K) cxiarpa CC
Haj3acJly)Klmj11M sa IhCH 'l11H npcotipahen,a. A Haj3Ha'JajHHj11 aKTop TaKBor na-
CIIHTaIha jc - ncpa ncpacxanano nOBC3aHa ca xpamhancxau )KUBOTOM (sarrpauo
olWOjCHUM OIl; CTBapHt1l', 3CMaJI,CKOr )K11BOTa), IWJloKynHHM Ha'I11HOM )KUBJhCH,a.
Bcpa HHjC rrpMRaTHa crnap, HMjC crnap M360pa MJlM HCKa nanrpann.a 6C3 KOjC CC
MO)KC neno )KMBCT11. OHa jc HClIITO Y cna-mjev )KHBOTy, 3aXBaTa 'lHTaBy
JIWIHy, Il;PYJlITBCHY H BaclIHTHo-06pa30BHY crnapnocr U naje cnrypnocr U cnary na
CC OCTBapM cyIIITMua OB03CMaJhCKOr )KMBOTa, a TO je H3rpa!)MBalLC CBCTa xaxnor
60r xohe, CRCTa CIIamCHor H OTKylIJI,CHOr y XpMCTy.12
M3Y3CTa 011: Ai\aMOBOr rpcxa, TC H30CTaBJI,CHa U3 Ka)KH,aRalha sa 'raj rpcx
(TpyJIC)K y JIaKJIY!), a nocrannrn MajKa, y rrpna IIJIaH IIOCTaBJha CC U CJJlJlIHOCT Mapn-
jc MlJ,pKBC, C063HpOM )\a CC M na Ilpxny rnena xao na CBCOIIJlITY MajKy H )\CRHqy,
KOjOj je CBOjHM npHMcpOM nperxonana Mapnja. Mapnja paha Hcyca H3WIKH, a
BCpHlIKC MHCTU'IKU; IJ,pKBa paha "neny cnacen.a" caKpaMCHTaJiHUM KpJIITCIhCM U
oopasyje MX KaTCXCTCKH. CCMysopa MaTcpUHcma, Mapnja je ysop nean-rancrna (Ma-
TCKy ecxarononncoj jep jc nxrana ItrpCllIHHX YII:0Ba It), 3aTUMy30p BC-
PCHHlIITRa U, HaIIOKOH, ysop CBCTOCTH,l1 Y TOMKOUTCKCTy OB03CMaJI,CKa )KCHaHMa-
he CTaJIan BaCIIHTUU y30p y JIMKy Mapnjc, )KCHC xoja y cc6u crraja Hi\CaJIC )\CBU'IaH-
CTBa U MaTcpHHcTRa xao KOjC Y3i\IDKYK JI,y6amr rrpcMa fiory H 6JIIDKIhCM.
Ha Taj Ha'IHH, nyT ysnnrayha )KCHC upcMa 60ry fiatta y IIJlaH 6uJlo KaKBa n,e-
3HHai\PYlIITBcHa ysnarnyha. Cave TaKBa, OHajc na CROM llPMPOAHOM KOJlOCCKY
'lHCTC)KCUC U MajKc, xoja HCMaHMKaKBC norpefie na ce TaKMWIH ca na
Y'rBp!)CHOM H HCII06UTIJOM TJlYMylIlKHX npCII:HoeTH U H,CroBMX i\PYIIITBCHHXanraxco-
BaHOCTTl. HCMa HMrosopa 0 HCKaKBoj JIOJlHOj jCi\HaKOCTH.
Kao MajKa, Mapnja jc MaJIOr Hcyca nay-nora MaTcplLcM jC3HKy 11 nJICMCH11-
TUM ocehajmra; y TO RpCMC .ToCUll xao O)\CTyaH jc. Y MOMa'IKHM Hcyconnv
HU HTl MajKa lIHCy 11MaJiM np06J1CMa y RC3U ca onaCHOCTHMa UCKOH-
cxor Anavonor U EBJ1Hor rpcxa, HUKaKBUX CTpaCTU U HCCKJlalW HHjC 6UJIO Y H,Tl-
xonoj l\YJIIH, JITlTU cy 6UJIU OJITcpchCIIU TaKBUM IIpOXTCBUMa. AOK CC MCyCOBU
npunr.ana rrpenajy rrOJIHHM aafianaxra, OH CC nocnehyje MCTpa)KMBa-
n.y 60)KanCKTlX BMCMHa. Y TaKBOM PCKJlO 6M CC, HU HCMa i\CTMlLCTBa,
ua je CI)I1JITlIl Apnjcc y IlpaBy kana Ka)KCua ce nyro y CpCIJ;H,CM BCKy He sauaxca
TC U H,uxono IICTMH,CTno y nanaum.ea CMIICJly.14 VInaK, yupano XpIlTllnaHCKO POi\M-
TCJI,CTnO nocrahe y TOM CMUCJIy CBCTO M BpCII:HO caKpaMCHTaJIHC nOCBCTC iio ce-
HlIg611. JbYi\CKM )KUBOT Y Maj'IHHoj yrporia nocrahc HCnITO cnCTO caxro 360r rora
jep jc y KOJTa'TITOM 36Hpy ynpann.en xa nocnehca.y 60)Kjc neue. A pO!)ClhCM Hcyca
119
nE,IJ,ArOIIlKA CTBAPHOCT, XLVIII, 1-2 (2002), Honn Can
OT\ ceue, MajlIllHcTBO nc, 'raxohe, OHTH rrocneheao, C lhHM H pasnoj T\CTCTa non
yrnnajejr nacmrrarsa, 6YT\ynil T\a je Hcyc Kp03 TaKaB pasnoj rrpoIIIao y CBCTOj rro-
ponnna Jocnna II Mapaje. Ho, xpIlIIInaHcKIlIIIlCU;Il BOJIC na xaacy KaKO ce npnpon-
HilM (aaxo T\CBIl'IaHCKHM) POl)CIhCMHcyc "rronmao" y CBCMy JbYT\CKOM," ,n:OJIa3C-
nil TaKO y IIPOTIlBPC'IHOCTca nocnehaaaa.exr OB03CMaJbCKOr lIllHa pabarsa.
***
Kao IIITO je neh HaIloMcHyTO, nesojsaaa CC y BCKy HHCy HygHJIC
HCKC HapO'IllTC MorynHocTil sa ycaampaaan,e II IIIKOJIOBaIbC. ITOpOgHtIHO BaCIIIlTa-
IbC 6HJIO je Y IIpBOM nnany, a aJITCpHaTilBa jc 6HO 0T\JIa3aK y )KCHCKC MaHaCTHpc
pa3JIHtIllTIlX pcnosa, naj-tcrnhc 6CHC,n:IlKTHHCKC. Maaacrnpa cy 6IlJIIl HC cavo MC-
CTa aa KOHTCMIIJIaU;Iljy II MOJIIlTBY, neh II Cpc,n:HIIITa y xojaua CC onnajao CTpilKTHO
yTBpl)CH II crporo KOHTpOJIIlCaH CBCyKylIHH)KIlBOT lhHXOBIlX CTaHOBHIlKa, KOjH cy
06aBJbaJIIl pa3HOBpCHC rpynxrraje aa ,n:06p06IlT 3ajCT\HIlU;C. Mnore OT\ TIlX rpynxnaja
IIOBC3IlBaJIC cy HX H ca BaIbCKHM CBCTOM (aera 60JICCPHKa, panona na MaHaCTHp-
CKOM 1I0CC,n:y, IIpY)KaIhC rOCTOlIpIlMCTBa II YTO'IllIIITa, na H IIIKOJIOBaIhC). ,Il,CBoj'II1-
ne cy BaCIIHTaBaHC y 1I060)KHOCTH, CKpOMHOCTil IlIIOCJIYIIIHOCTH. Bacrraraa,e MJIa-
T\IlX onarmta (pCT\OBHIlqa) cacrojano CC 0T\ BCpCKIlXnoyxa II MOJIIlTBIl, y-rcu.a 'Ill-
ran-a, nncatr,a, KJIaCHtIHHX jC3HKa II HCKHX BpJIOCY)KCHIlX nay-max T\IlcqHIIJIHHa (y
usrpahaaaa,a BCpC), nperracanan,a IIOT\OOHIlX KJIaCHtIHIlX T\CJIa, CJIHKa-
a.a, BC3CIba, IIIIlBCIba II CPOT\HIlX ")KCHCKIlX" aKTHBHOCTil. Y'IllJIC cy CC II T\yXOBHoj
My3HqH H IlCBaIhY qpKBCHHXnecaua. HCKC on IbHX BC)K6aJIc cy ce y IIOC3IljH, rpa-
MaTIlqH HJIIl peropaun. EIlJIO jc H OIlIlX orrarnua KOjC cy HMaJIC ynory TIllTCJbIlqa
IIIKOJICKC neue. Kana ce CBC catiepe, nnax cy TO 6HJIH CKpOMHil canpxaja II HilCY
TilM ncnojxava ouoryhaaana HCKC BilCOKC 06pa30BHC 1l:0MCTC, Mall:a CC Mopa peha
IW je Y CPCIl:H,CM BCKy, HapO'IllTO paHOM, 6IlJIO BHIIICHCIIIlCMCHIlXMyllIKapau;a nero
HcrrIlCMCHIlX )KCHa (HapO'IllTO y epCYT\aJIHilM xpyronnva). HajBa)KHHjIl 3aT\aTaK6IT-
JIO jc aacrraraa,e y Il:YXY rrOHIl3HOCTil IIpCMa 60ry H sa CKpOMaH II Il:CBIllJaHCKil )KH-
BOT. Y )KCHCKilM MaHaCTIlpCKHM H KaTCll:paJIHHM llIKOJIaMa 06pa30BaJIC cy ce BeJIH-
KilM ,n:CJIOM nenoj-rane Il3 rrJICMITnKITX IT TO BCnITHOM OIlC xoje cy CC
OT\JIY'IllJIC ('ICCTO II He CBOjOM BOJbOM) na nocrany KaJIyl)cpITU;C. Y napoxajcxe
U;pKBCHC mKOJICIlMaJIIl cy npncryn casro Il3 're napoxaje.
He rpetia 3a6opaBHTH ga je paHO cpenn.onexouno pasnotirse" 06CJIC)KCHO
3HaTHOM aeorecanomhy KaKO y nonaman.y, TaKO ITy rOBopy. EPOjHH IIpITMCpH H3
KIhH)KCBHOCTil nnycrpyjy XilIIOTC3Y na ce ynpaBo OlIlIITCIhC MCl)y nOJIOBHMa HCTIl-
nano no CBOjOj rpyoocru II npOCTOTIl. Ma KOJIIlKO ce upxna TpYIl:IlJIa na KOHTaKTC
MCl)y nOJIOBilMa CBCIl:C na HajMIlHHMaJIHHjy MCpy II yrYIIIH cnaxy cexcyarmy crpacr
nponarapajyhn ,n:eBHtIaHCTBo, 'IllcTona je OCTaJIa caxro Il,n:eaJI, HC caxro y cnaxon-
HCBHOM )KIlBOTy napona, seh II caMilM MaHacTilpilMa. Beh on XI BCKa panmnro cy
ce MHO)KIlJIa MaHacTIlpcKa upasana xoja cy ce rauana oIIpe3HocTH upesra )KeHaMa.
Y novenyrau KOHTaKTilMa MaHacTIlpcKor )KIlBJba ca crron.atursojr cpenanov (aJIIl
II y oxnapy caxrax MaHacTIlpcKIlX 3H,n:HHa) ncrrorsanana cy ce, MaIbC IlJIH BIlIIIC rrpn-
MCTIla, sacrpaisasaa,a II noxnapcnocr. Kanyhcpn II xanyhcpanc 6IlJIIl cy H3JIO)KC-
HH pa3HIlM yranajaua II HCKymeIhHMa cynpornor (noxarxan II ncror) nona. )J:(H-
120
.uPCBeT03ap .uyHl)epCKH: )J(EHA Ii FbEHO BACIU1TAFbE Y CPE.uFbEM BEKY
BOT Y )IWHCKHM MaHaCTHpHMa 'IeCTO ce H30nalJHBaOH 360r pa3BpaTHHX nacrojaa-
IJ,a HJIH 6JIH3HHe MyllKor MaHaCTHpa. If CaM Epa3MO ca raymaa.eu xoncraryje na
HMa MaHaCTHpa KOjH cy ropa H on jasaax xyha H 6e3 HKaKBe crere." To je IIO'IeT-
KOMXVI nexa TOJIHKO eCKaJIHpaJIO, na je jenaa Jlyrepon.caspeuenax (J. Geiler) C
npononenaonane crpasfiypunce xarenpane H3jaBHo KaKO 6H My 6HJIO MHJIHjena My
cecrpa nOCTaHe npocrrrryrxa Hero p;a cryna y HeKH pa3Y3p;aHH MaHaCTHp HJIHno-
CTaHe onararra-nacrojaana y sajenaana pa3BpaTHHX xanyhepaua." Y3 TO, MHore
xarryhepnne HMaJIe cy npe crynan.a y MaHaCTHp neoua pasysnaa )KHnOT, na cy na
raj Ha'IMH nOTpa)KHJIe 3a60paB sa cnoje necramnyxe. IhHXOBO npacycrno, xao H
ncnpaponnn 3aXTCBH IJ,CJIH(aTa y MHOroMC cy p;onpHHOCHJIH cCKcyaJIHOM HCMopa-
JIy MaHaCTHpCKor )KHI30Ta, TaKO na ce, 6e3 nperepaaan.a, MO)Ke pehn ga je H My-
I1IKO H )KeHCKO CBeIlITeHCTBO 6HJIO BeJIHKH KBapHTeJh nponncanax rroponn-rrrax
BpJIHHa Mei)y rpahaaaua H CeJhalJ,HMa.
39
Cae je TO H3a3HBaJIO nanaxy Mei)y BHCO-
KHMIJ,pKBeHHM CBellTCHCTBOM H gOBeJIO P;O crpaxa on )KeHa, KOjHje, KOHa'IHO, pe-
3yJITHpaOnCJIHKHM nporono I3CllTHlJ,a on XV P;O XVII nexa, naxne H y TOJIHKO na-
XBaJhCHOM rrepnony xyMaHH3Ma Hpenecance.
)J,aKJIC, BacnHTHo-06pa30BHa aKTHBHOCT y )KeHCKHM MaHaCTHpHMa 6HJIa je
xpuara I1pOTllBpe'IHOCTMMa H cynpoTHOCTHMa H3Mel,y )KeJhCHMX (KaHOHM30BaHMX)
H rrOCTM3anaHHX pesynrara H IJ,MJhCBa nacrurran,a )KeHCKe OMJIa,n;HHC. e p;pyrc
crpane, CBCTOBHHM (lJ,CXOBCKHM, rHJIp;CKMM, rpancxan) llKOJIaMa P;CBoj'IMlJ,aMa je
6HOsafipatsen npacryn CBe P;O xm nexa, xana ce orsapajy npaaarne llKOJIe aa ne-
naxe, aJIM Maa neaoj-urue (JIH6eK, Hnpnoepr), I1ITO je y TOsperae 6HJIa BCJIHKa HO-
nOCT. UHJh )KeHCKHX I1IKOJIa 6MO je npHnpCMHTH y'ICHHlJ,C sa yJIory npenne H no-
CJIyIIIHe p;oMahHlJ,e. MCl)yTHM, 6HJIO 6H norpenrao 3aKJhY'IHTH na je llKOJIOBalhC
)KCHCKC OMJIap;HHC 6HJIO HOJIC 3HaTHHjc paurapcno. Jour Ayro BpCMCHa sehana ~
uojaxa nacmrranana je KOg xyhe, BHllC Kp03 npaKcy H 06M'IajC, nero y I1IKOJIM, ne-
OMa 'ICCTO H Y Tyl)HM KyhaMa (KOp; pohaxa MJIH cycena). Mopa ce KOHCTaTOBaTH p;a
he CC llKOJIOBalhC nenojaxa panmpara TCK y XVIII BCKy H nO'IeTKOM XIX. 0 lhH-
XOBOM npncryny ua CpCP;lhOBCKOBHC yHHBCp3HTCTC H3JIHllHO je M roBOpMTH (oaa
cy go XIX sexa 6HJIM TaIIHja MylliKor I10JIa, a H 'rana BMIIIC xao Ii3Y3eTaK aero npa-
BHJIO). )J,OK jc oripasonan,e ne-taxa TOKOM npeueua, napo-nrro y neprrony CXOJIa-
CTHKe (HOBH nponop apMCTOTeJIH3Ma), CBOJIyHpaJIO H pa3BHjaJIO ce ("BHTCllKC
axancxrajc "), nacrrararsc ncsojaxa 3HaTHO ce MalhC MClhaJIO. )KcHCKH pOA BMIIIC je
(rrocpenno) yTHlJ,aO na naCIIMTalbC MJIagHx pnrepa. PC'I je 0 narernxoj CPOTHlJ,H H
nepcndnncarraja.
Bacmrraa.e CHHOBa CBCTOBHHX q,eyp;aJIalJ,a HMaJIO je CnClJ,Mq,H'IHO 06cJIe)Kje
BojHO-q,H3wIKor pwrcpcKor onrajarsa. Y TOMKOHTeKcTy, BCIIITHHa BepCHq,HK31J,H-
jc (rrpanrsen.a craxona) 6HJIa je CpC,n;CTBO sa aapaxcaaan,e BCpHOCTH H o,n;aHOCTH ne
cavo cnaepeny, neh Ii a.erosoj cyrrpysa H p;pyrHM p;aMaMa H3 BHCOKor npynrrna. Ta
csojeupcaa BHTCIIIKa cpOTHKa 6HJIa je y CJIy)K6H npersyoa xao roprse KJIaCC npy-
I1ITnCIIOr cnopra. bHJIO je naraa.e 'IaCTM cnaxor pnrepa HMaTH 060)KaBaHy p;aMy
KOjOj he ce nOCBCTHTH, H TOp;aMy no MoryhHocTH yrra'ry H H3 nITO BHIUHX xpyrona.
)KMBoT BHTe30Ba H lhHXOBHX AaMa OneBaJIH cy MHOrH rreCHHIl,H (rpyfianypa, 40 na
I1pHMep). IhHXOBH CTHXOBH CJIaBIiJIH cy Jby63B sacnonaay na KyJITy gaMe H Jhy6aBH
xao H3BOPY BpJIHHaH 'IeCTO cy p;OCnCBaJIH y pyKC l)aKa. Ta je "rpyoanypcxa nena-
rornja II lbMMa Hyp;HJIa aacrraraa HAcaJI ycanpnrasarsa MyllKaplJ,a y npanny HCTHH-
121
TIE,IJ,AfOIliKA CTBAPHOCT, XLVIII, 1-2 (2002), HOlmCall
cxor jynaxa y lIyJIHMM pa)l;OCTMMa My nOJIHOM CJIY)KefhY O)l;a6paHMM )l;aMaMa. FbM-
XOB HayK OMaJIOBa)KaBaO je npxneny rrpasry 0 CBeTOCTM 6paKa, xoja Ba)KMcauo sa
"MaJIC" n.yne; MCTMl\aO je Aa je rpyoanypcxo UpaJ30 jaue OA 6pa
'IHOr
upana M
OHO Ba)KM Msa )KeHCMsa MyIIIKapl\e. OHO IIITO je osne 3aMCTa HOBO jecre TOna ce
ra cJI060na npasnaje M YAaTMM )KeHaMa, xojaua je AaTO npano na nperpepnpajy
ccxcyanny HaKJIOHOCT y O.n;HOCy na 6pa
lIHM
yronop, noponnny M ncny. a y
"rpytianypcxoj nenaroraja" UCMa HMpe-ra. Epax y OBaKnMM OKOJIHOCTMMa cJIa6M,
a )KCHa, 6apeM npMBpeMcHo M TO naj-rerrrhe OHa M3 BMIIIMX KpyroBa, nocraje Moh-
anja Hero UITOje nxana 6MJIa. Te .n;BOpCKC .n;aMe 'IeCTO cy 6MJIe COJIM.n;HO 06pa30Ba-
He, ua CC neWaBaJIO M cuoje BepHC pnrepe YlJC 'IMTaIhY Mnacaisy, rJIaBHMMna-
lIeJIMMa BIITeWKe eTMKCl\Mje, 'IaK M ocnoaasra nepe, re TaKO nocrany nexa BpCTa
")l;BOpCKe YlIMTCJhMl\e". OBaKBO BMTCIIIKO oopaaonan.e nOlICJIOje orranarn O)l; XIV
sexa, xana ce y 3HaTHMjoj MepM ornapajy rpabaacxe IIlKOJIC, KOjC cy MOrJIC nony-
BMIIlCMHTeJIeKTyaJIHO nacuaraa,e.
3a pa3JIMKy on .rpycanypa jy)KHC <l>paHIwcKC, cesepnajy <l>paHl\ycKy, MaXOMy
ITapM3Y MOKO rsera, y XII BCKy O)l;JIMKOBaJIM cy nyrajyhn 3naHM20Jlujapgu.
CMaTpaHM cy 6JIy.n;HMl\MMa, CKMTHMl\aMa, JIaKp.n;MjaIIIMMa, aJIM OHM cy rrpencrann.ann
HCKy npcry ypfiane MHTeJIl1rCHl\l1je M Kpl1TMKe csora iIPYWTBa. Y ITap113Y,
Ta.n;aWH,CM nerrrpy CBMX MHTeJIeKTyaJIHMX M npyrax y)KMTaKa, 'IeCTO MX jc 6MJIO y
KpyroBMMa CMpOMaIIIHMX crynenara. Cnenehn y-raren,a KOjMMMCC CBM)l;M, na6Mp
'lM-
JIM cy noyxc oA rpana no rpana Mcy.n;CJIOBaJIM y HCKOj BpCTM IIIKOJICKOr JIyTaJIaIIlTBa
HonMXcorpacra. Cnazcan BacnMTHM erpexar MMaJIe cy ILMXOBC rrecsre, xoje cy roBOpM-
JIe npnencrneno 0 TpMja)l;M IIITO je, cnaxaxo, M3a3MnaJIO Ca6JIa3aH
rr06mKHMX xpyrona. FbMxOBa cPMJIOcocPMja )KMBOTa Mnacmrraa,a najtion,e ce o-nrryje
Kp03 CTMXOBC jennor on IhMX: "Jep MMje BMIIIe CTaJIO no y)KMTKa Hero .n;o nje-nrror
cnaca, / Kan je nyma jenHOM MpTBa, 6pMIleM caxso aa CBOjy nYT" .41 Ha HeKMHa'IMH,
ronnjapna cy npere-re penecancuor xyMaHM3Ma, neCHMl\M aeraunje u;pKBeHMX y-rea.a
M MOpaJIa, KOjM jC)l;HaKO nananajy npc.n;CTaBHMKC parrocpcnn.onc-
KOBIIOr noperxa (nany, 6McKyne, CBeIIITenMKe, nnesrahe, cersaxe, paTIIMKe), nerMpa-
jyha aacnyre no poherr.y MMCTM'IyhM CMCTeM YTeMeJheH na 3aCJIY3M no nenan-y. ITo-
ce6HO je aaanajaa IhMXOB CTaB rrpexra O.n;HOCMMa nOJIOBa, KOjM CC O'IMTyjC Y BeJIWIa-
a.y HaKJIOHOCTM xojy yxornajy KOil )KeHa. I1uaK, 3601' CBojC paAI1KaJIHOCTU, ytipso,
neh y XIII nexy, OCTaJIM cy na MaprMIIaMa MHTeJIeKTyaJIIIOr noxpera, KOjU cc yruan-
lIMOy yHMBep3MTeTyxao fherOBOMopraHM30BanOM cpe)l;MIIlTY.
ITe.n;arOIIIKa MMcao panor cpenn.er nexa MCXOJIaCTMKe, xoja je, nonyure, 6M-
JIa IlpBM xopax xa 06HOBMMHTCJIeKTyaJIHOr )KUBOTa M6yl)eH,y Hay'IHMx aurepeca,
My KBaHTMTaTMBHOM M y KBaJIMTaTMBHOM CMMCJIy je y O.n;HOCy na aHTMKy.
Xpmnhancxa nenarornja cpenn.er sexa, 3aCHOBaHa na AOKTpMHaMa paHMX
HMX TCOJIOra (orana), npc CBMX Aypcrmja Ayrycrana, na onny-ryjyha HalIHH sao-
xpyxceaa je CUMCMMa TOMe AKnMHCKor, 'IMjM he ce CHa)KaH onpas oceha'rn TOKOM
napemmx BeKOBa. Hseronn CTaBOBM npeua )KCHM M nacrraran.y xoje OHa rpeoa na
}l;06Mje npseaa je HMTcpenn.oseaonne nenarourxe MMCJIM.
122
)J,pCBeT03ap )J,yH!)epCKH: )J(EHA 11IhEHO BACTIl1TAIhE Y CPE)J,IhEM BEKY
<l>ycHoTe
1 Ilpasano CB. ECHC)J,HKTa, Beneauxiuuncxu iipuopaiii, TKoH-LJaKoBcu;, 1980.
2Rougemont D. de, Mulu06U 0 Jby6a6u, HI1PO KlhIDKCBHC nonnae, Beorpan crp. 12.
J I1ana I'pnropaje I (BCJUIKH) (Gregorius) (OTIIpRJUIKC 540-604), snanajan JIaTHH-
CKH rrncau, "rparopajancsor" xanermapa, aanncao jc KaKO cc
H,crOB KOU, yUOpHOnpoTHBHO na nOHCCC TCJIO jC)J,HC )KCHC.
4 MCl)yTHM, craryc CC y HCKHM CJIy'IajcBHMa Morao MClhaTH. Focnonap jc Morao
HCKOM JIHU;y )J,apOBaTH HOBanpana H UpHBHJICrHjc. Taxo, CCJl>aK KOjH 6H OTHIIlao
y rpall: je JIH'IHY CJI060Il:Y H craryc 'maHa rpancxe OTIIJITHHC. 3aKJICTBOM
cenaopy MOrJIO CC nOCTaTHBHTC30M. CBCTOBu,aK xojn CC 3aMOHailiHO nocrao je
neo rroceono npanno npHBHJICrOBaHor xnepa, 3ua'IH, cpemsonexoune CTaJIemKe
H npyre npasne xareropnje HHCy 6HJIC TaKO OKaMClbCHC 3aTBOpcuC KaCTC ca aa-
6paHOM npCJIaCKa H3 jC)J,HC Y Il:pyry, aJIH cy, Cnpyre CTpaHC, H )J,aJbC oCTajaJIC y
nenocpemroj BC3H ca 'roBCKOMyayrparnrsov npHpOAOM, MOpaJIUHM JIHKOM H naj-
Ba)KHHjHM uprana n-eronor KapaKTcpa (fypCBWI A., Kaiueiopuje cpeon.oeeicoe-
He xyiuiiype, Ma-rana cpncka, HOBH Ca)J" CTp. 200) .
.\ <!)paUaTlKH KpaJI,CBlI HMaJIHcy uo UCKOJIHKO )Kcua. Kapno BCJIHKH)KCHHO ce 'IaK
ocau nyra, HMajyilH ycnyr H HCKOJIHKO
h x'Eopheaah J., )J{eHCIW iiuiiiau.e, Pamrauxa IIITaMna, Ecorpan, 1975, CTp. 21.
') )J,BOpUHKOBHIi B., Eop6a uoeja, I'eua Kou, Beorpan 1937, CTp. 293.
10 Y npB06HTHoj nocrojao jc PC)J, y)J,OBHu;a (ordo viduarum HJIH ordo ecclesi-
ae), 3a)J,y)KCU, npc cscra, aa CJIy)K6y y BC3H ca HHCTHTYU;HOUaJIH30BalhcM npanar-
nor 3aBCTa. Y III BCKy OHC y CCHY l)aKoHHca, xoje npeysauajy H,HXOBY
ynory. 'Isaxouace cy MOrJICcrajarn y3 OJITap, H3MCl)y haxotra H cytihaxona. EpH-
uyJIC cy CC 0 cnpouannnura H 60JICCHHMa, aJIHje 'ra )J,CJIaTHOCT 6HJIa H BHIIIC 0)],
caxro KapHKaTHBHc. TCIIIKO jc )J,aTH 6JIH)KHnpamra craryc U,HXOBC CJIy)K6c, jcp y
IIpn06HTIIoj U;pKBH IIHcy jom 6HJIC TaKOcrporo O)J,CJl>CUC yHKU;HjC, neh cy ce pa-
3BHjCJIa ITpCMa norperiaua. Y 11C'I'O'IHoj )KCHCKH l)aKoHaT HMao je nehe
3Ha'ICu,c nero y 3anaAHoj. Y CpC)J,lhCM BCKy, xana jc hazoaar seh necrao, 6lUIO
jc HCKllX pCW)Ba xoje cy HMaJIC nncoxy U;pKBCHy Moli (rrax cy HOCH-
JIC MllTPy 11 6HcKyUCKH IIITau) (MaTKoBHh H, )KerlQ u uptcea, Kpinh. cana-
UIIhOCT, 3arpc6, 1973, crp.
11 ITocc6uo jax ornop IIpcMa ncnnoary BJIa)J,ao jc na I1cToKy, 11 TO mrran.c IIOCTa-
JIO jc jenan Oil: rJIaBlIHX yspoxa npaBOCJIanIICU;pKBC, xoja jc OCTaJIa
narpcnn U060PHllK cnCIIITCHH'TKOr fipaxa, Eop6a jc 'rpajana TOKOM 'IHTanor
cpernser BCKa, na je )J,omJIO 11 )J,O npyror U;pKBCHor paCKOJIa (JIYTCp).
12 CBCTa Ilepnerya My'Tcua jc TaKOUTTO jy jc )J,I1BJbH 611K pasmrpao na KOMa)J,C, aJIH
je mtax ycnenana na y KpajlhHM MyKaMa nonpann.a CBOjy onehy KaKO 6H MOrJIa
yMpCTH'ICAHO.
IJ 0 CpCl\H,OBCKOBuoj npOCTHTYU;HjH AaTH cy npeua: Henriques F. Historija
prostitucije, II, Euoxa, 3arpc6, 1968.
14 Y HCMa (TKOj je naCHJI,C IIaA TaKnOM )KCUOM 611JIO Ka)Ku,aBaHO rJI060M Oil: mCCT
cya, l\OK je narran na 06H'IHY )KCHy 6HOxasor.anan TCKnOJIOnHHOM TCCyMC!
123
TlE,IJ,AfOlliKA CTBAPHOCT, XLVIIl, 1-2 (2002), Homl Can
15 Kapno BemrKJI je Oll:OOpJIO BpJIOcrpore 3aKOHe rrpOTJIBOJIYll:HHlW, rro KojJIMa OJI
xan 6JI JIXOTKpJIJIM llIJI6aJIM no KpBM.
10 Y <I>paHlwcKoj cy 6JIJIe CMelUTeHe y uocefine <leTBpTJI JI HOCJIJIe cy ua paneny
'IBOp aa 03Ha<IaBaIhe; y Hexra-rxoj je 6JIJIO CJIWIHO Y norneny onehe, onpesie JI
CTaHOBaIha- y Jlajrnrary cy HOCJIJIe nnanrrene orrroxeae MO,n;pJIM; y Ee<IY HOCM-
JIC cy MaJIC IJ;pBCHC xanc, y I1TaJIJIjM rrJIalUTOBC.
17 Y XVI sexy IIOCTaJIO je jour paaspamaje, a 6JIy,n;HJIIJ;e cy ce cacrajane ca KJIJIjeH-
TMMa<IaK JI Y IJ;pKBaMa.
IX JIaTJIHCKJI oIJ;JI JIMajy TpJI JI3pa3a sa Boroponany: Dei Genitrix, Mater Dei, Deipa-
ra. Osaj rrOCJIe,n;IhJI ,n;OCJIOBHM je npeson rpnxor Ha3JIBa Theot6kos. JIaTMHcKMOIJ;M
cy BeftMHOM rrpeyserra nornene aa raj rrp06JIeM on rp<JKMX.
19 IlpoKJIO (Proklos) (410-485), JI3 Llapnrpana, rp<IKJI HCOIIJlaTOHJIK, yrrpanHJIK
aTJIHCKe ITIKOJIe, narpnjapx naparpancxn y nepnony 434-446, ayrop jeT\JIHe, Y3
EyKJIJI,n;ony, aHTJI<JKe <pMJIOcoqmje MaTCMaTMKe. Hseron y cpe,n;IhcM nexy
6JIOje 3HaTaH.
20 rrourrosaa.a Mapnje ceacy no nonerxa XpJIlUftaHCKC Y rrJICaHOM
OOJIJIKy rrojann.yje ce HerT\CrrOJIOBJIHOM II nexa y OrrMCJIMa JaKOBJI)CBor npOToe-
sanben,a. Y III nexy HaJIa3MMO Mapnjy y MOJIMTBJI JI3 AJICKcaH,n;pJIje. OT\ IV no
VI sexa }l;OJIa3JI no npasor nponsara nonrroaan,a Mapnjanor KyJITa y TCOJIOrMjM,
naryprajcxoa M cBaKO}l;HenHOM :>KHBOTy. TCOJIOrHja ce yCPCIWTO<IyjC na ,u;cnwI-
HOCT Boroponane. Jasn,a ce HH3 JIJITYIJrJIjcKJIX rrpasnaxa, 3a<ICTJIX y IlaJIecTHHJI,
3aTMMrrpomapenax na XpHlUftaHCKOMI1CTOKy, 6M ce rrOTOM CeJIMJIM na 3arra}l;
y CBC lUHpC xpyrone XpMlUftaHCKMX napona, HaKoH Erpcmxor cariopa (431) na-
rJIO ce lUHpM CJIanJLCILC Boroponaue Kp03 npasnonan.e ILCIIor MMCHa, rpana.y
npxana JI Edipanuone, CeT\yJIMjeBe JI XMMHe. Mapujnne rrpaamtxe
y BH3aHTMjM npOrrJICHBaJIM cy napenn, a aa nonpyxje pMMCKC narypraje nane.
cpemser BCKa, IIO<ICBIIIM on AHCeJIMa no Il, CKoTa pa3BMJIO ce IIPOY-
<ranan.e JI nOIIITOBaIhC Mapnje y OKBJIpy rpojcrna Cseorxynaren.xe-Ilocpernra-
IJ;C-KpaThHIJ;C, aJIM H 6op6a OKO fiearpeunror sa-reha. Oncr ce jaBHJIO MHoro Ma-
PHOJIOlUKHX TCOJIOlUKMX pacnpana, MHOlUTBO HOBMX XMMHM, HCKM HOBM npaann-
IJ;H H 6pojna npoIIITcHMIIITa (xrecra pCJIHrJI03HOr KyJITa), rne cy ce oKyrrJI)aJIMxo-
MapJIjaHcKor KyJITa. Harpahene cy JI BCJICJICrrHC KaTC-
npane n.o] y <laCT. Ycrrocrann.ajy ce HOBM MaHaCTHpCKH penosn KOjJI nrape rro-
lUTOBaIhC MapJIjaHcKc rr060:>KHOCTM: IJ;JICCpIJ;HTH, <ppaILCBIJ;H, Kap-
MCJIJIftaHM. HaKoH TpMAeIITCKor (1545-1563), pa3BJIJIa ce MapJIOJIOmja
fiapoxnor CTMJIa, ca OrrCC:>KHJIM TCOJIOlUKJIM geJIJIMa, xoja cy noxymasana
oriyxsare CBy rraTpJICTH<IKy H AorMaTcKy rrpOIllJIOCT MapMjaHcTBa, ca HarJIaCKOM
na AeBWIaIICTBy (npesra: Weissberger A., "Evo ti Majke", )l.py:>K6e
I1CyCOBC, 3arpe6, 1987, CTp. 374-376).
21 IIIarH EyHHft T. J., Kpuciuonouuca MapU0J102uja, Kpnrhaacxa canannsocr, 3a-
rpc6,1976,CTp.32.
22 Ilejrenc EJICjH, na npaxrep, CMaTpa KaKO cy "rrCKCnneje - Hapo<IJITO, JIAcjc y nC3JI
ca cexcyarmonrhy, MOpaJIHOM CJIOOOT\OM, JI JhYT\CKOM BPCT\HOIUfty - T\OOJIJIC CBOj T\C-
<pJIHHTJIBaH 06JIHK y npna 'ICTHpM BCKa, xao TyMWIeIha npa-ra H3 Ka.nre nocran,a,
JI KaKO cy TaAa HaCTaBJIJIC Aa yTWly na HalUY KyJITypy H cnaxor y H)Oj, 6JIO Xpl1-
IIIftaHMH JIJIJI He" (ITcjrCJIC E., EGa u Buuja, Pan, Beorpan, 1996, CTp. 14).
124
,UpCBeT03ap ,UYHl)epCKIl: )KEHA I1IhEHO BACTII1TAIhE Y CPE,UIhEM BEKY
2.1 Kteuia iiociiuuoca, KaO OCHOna jenpejcxe nepe, CaAP)KU nocra curHlnlmKaHTHux
nonaraxa 0 )KeHU. Ilpe csera, 60r, xana je crsapao cser, MyillKapu;a ja CTBOpUO
ape )KeHe. lJaK, no je)];HOM TyMa'leIby, HaKOH nITO je CTBOpUO 3eMJbY, neoo, KU-
my, TpaBy U pa3Ho 6uJbe, 3aCa)];UO je BpT y Eneay U CTBOpUO 'IOBeKa no uMeHy
A)];aM na ra 'lyBa. IloTOM je 3aCa)];UO BpT npnebeu; 3aTUM je CTBOpUO nOJbCKC
3BCpU, Hc6cCKC nTUU;C, rMU3aBU;C... U, na xpajy - )KCHy! iFlociuanax 2: 4-23).
360r rora HUjC'ly)];HOillTO Mojcnje y CBOjOj )];CBCTOj 3anOBeCTU )KeHy y6paja Me-
tjy cnyre U AOMahc )KUnOTUIhC. HaKOH nITO je 3CMJba "nOpOAUJTa" AAaMa, xao
illTO )KeHa ocraje He'IHCTOM 'rpnnecer TpU nana no pohen.y MyillKor )];CTCTa,
ocraue He'IHCTa Kp03 rpnaecer TpU nOKOJbCIba (CBC)];O BJTa)];aBUHe xpan.a COJTO-
MOHa) (Ilociiiana 1: 9-13 U 20-27). O)];JTy'IHBillu na Anasry na npyrapany, Ear
y'IHHu na Anava 06y3MC iJ,y60Kcaa, U3BaiJ,U My jenno pc6po, CTBOpU 0)];Ibcra )KC-
ny (y HCKUM scpaajaua TOjc y'IHHUO 0iJ, !hCrOBOpcna!) U 3aTBOpu parry. Kan cc
rrporiymr, AiJ,aM pC'lC: "Ono 6uhe (CUU;! - C. ,D,.) nexa ce 30BC ')KcHa'" tIlociiia-
HaK 2: 18-25). Crnapan.e Ene OT\ AT\aMOnOr pc6pa (MUT KOjU nornphyje MyITIKO
npneacrso U npmcpaaa EBuHy 60)KaHcKy npnpony) HCMa naparrene y Cpe)];03CM-
HUM UJTU paHUM CPC)];!hOUCTO'IHUM MUTOBUMa. 3Ha'lcIbe UMCHa EBa cnopno jc:
Havva xao "xrajica CBUMa )KUnUMa", aJTU MO)KC 6UTU XC6pCU3upaHU 06JTUK 60-
)KaHCKOr UMCHa Reba, Hebat, Khebat UJTU Khiba, na '13K U )];CpUBaT rp'IKC Xe6c,
XCpaKJTOne cynpyre. EBa jc KpUBa, jep jc )];03BOJTUJTa na jc 3Muja narosopa ua
rpcx, na jc )KCHCKU PO)]; Ka)K!hCH na paha y MyKaMa. JC)];Ha OiJ, Ka3HU, npcaa HC-
KUMTyMa'IcIbUMa (TaJTMyiJ,), raxohe cy U MCHcTpyaJTHU 60JTOBU, a 'IUjU je KOpCH
Y yjCT\Y nOXOTJhUnC 3Muje. A M Y a p a l ~ je, 360r IbCHC paT\03HaJTOCTU U nertoxop-
HOCTU, npasrao 6o)Kjy KJTCTBy, 360r KOjChe MopaTu na ce 6aBu 3eMJbOpaiJ,IboM (y
MUTOJTOillKOM CMUCJTy, OBUM cc aspascana UCKOHCKO CpC)];03eMHO rJTC)];aIbC na
cPU3U'IKU pan xao Tcro6y). MUT 0 npaou rpexy nonycrao jc Jenpejany (norosr U
CBUM xpamhaaana) na OKpUBJbyjC )KeHy aa CBa 3JTa xoja ra cnahy, na je npnca-
JT,aBa )\3 pana sa n.cra, na jc UCKJby'IHU3 BCpCKUX nO'13CTU U 0iJ,6ujc CBC caBCTC 0
MOpaJTHUM uocrymueaa. MIIaK, H MyllIKapau; H)KCHa Ka)KIbCHH cy U 3ajcAHu'IKOM
Ka3HOM - ry6JT,CIheM6CCMpTHOCTU.
24 Peonh A. / Gaechter P., Marija u Bibliji, Kpmhancxa cananm.ocr, 3arpc6, 1970,
CTp.41.
25 JOCHcP <PJTaBujc (Flavius Josephus) (37-95) Ka)KC: ")KcHa jc y CBaKOM norneny na
JTCCTBUU;U BpcAHOCTU ncnon 'IOBcKa". JCiJ,aH patian U3 II BCKanUIlIC: "J ao 'IOBCKy
quia cy neua caxto neaojxe", a jenan iJ,pyru: "Kan ce poaa CUH, nexa ce CBe nece-
JIU; a xan CC p0iJ,U xhepxa, HCKaCC CBC )KaJTOCTu! "
2(, BCpCHUIllTBO UMa UCTy CHary xao U BeW13IbC; sepenana CC neh MOrJTa Ha3UBaTl1
JlCeHOM, a Ka)KH,aBaJIa ce aKO HaTIHHU npen.yri. AKo joj nepenax yMpC, ocraje
ynonnua; Y cnynajy nesepcrna, 3apY'IHuK je ornyurra ys ornycno IIHCMO.
27 AnOKpUcPHa CBaH!)CJI,a xaacy iJ,a jc Mapajaaa MajKa AHa 6uJIa HCnJToiJ,Ha, aJIl1 jc
60r YCJIUillUO IbCHC U Joaxnuone )KCJI,e U nonapno UMxhep, 'IHMC je narnaureaa
CBCTOCT U "npaaennocr" Mapajnnax pomrren,a.
28 AnOKpucPU cy )KCJIeJIU na CBaKH Ha'IHH "ocaryparn" Mapnjnao )];eBH'IaHcTBo, na
cy WHIyH,aBaJBi 3aBcT pa3Hl1MIIoTIIopaMa, xao urro jc ra Aa je JOCUII 6HOIIOJIHO
oHCMOhaJIu crapan, KOjU je Morao nrpara ynory rrpnponnor (aajcarypanjer) aa-
illTHTHUKa Mapajnnor p;eBW13HCTBa.
125
nEAAfOlllKA CTBAPHOCT, XLVIII, 1-2 (2002), Hom'!Call
2') AKO OHrrOp0II:HJha, ua rrpHMCp, 1I:0ll:lfpuYJTa 3CMJT,auy rrocyrty, MOpaJTa CC Ta rrocy-
na pa36HTH, jep je ));O));HPOM nOp0));HJbC nOCTaJIa "UC'IHCTa" H MOrJIa npyre OCOOC
"OHC'IHCTHTH".
111 ,!J,CTaJbH 0 YJI03H Mapzje y CTapOM II HOIlOM sanery, CCM na OCHORy 6a3WIHIIX
));OKYMcuaTa, KpHTWIKH cy TyMa'IcHII rrpCMa: PCOHh A. / Gaechter P., Mapuja y
Butinuiu; KpIIIhaHcKa Ca,f\aIIIH,OCT, 3arpc6, 1970.
11 Enaahen.a HCroaope HIIIIITa 'IaK HH 0 cj:J1I3WIKOM II3rJTCAY Mapajaaoxr, 0 lliCHOM
cracy, 60jH JIHIJ;a HTA.
.12 I1yTCRH caanan.a 0 Mapnja CBO));C CC na 'ICTHpH H3Bopa, 3aCHOBaHHX na BEPI1:
scpcxa nnrymtaja, pCcj:JJTCKcIIja TCOJIOra, mrryprnja H Y'IHTCJI,CTIlO
(Weissgerber A., EGO iuu uapce, Ilponauuaja'r ,!J,PY)J(oc Hcycone, 3arpco, 1987,
cTp.227).
11 Ilpeva: Weissgerber A. HaBC));CHO ,f\CJTO, CTp. 348. II nan-e. Y TOM CC HUIJIO TaKO
lI:aJICKO, na ce Mapnja Y3ll:II3aJIa H na HHIlOOOrHH,C (y III H IV BCKy KO)); rHOCTHKa
MOHTaHliCTa II cj:JpllrlIjcKlix KOJIllpll));HjaHaQa). EMOTIIBHO 6apOKUO ));06a II n-ero-
na TCOJTOrlija IIOUCKa,f\ cy Mapnjy RII,f\CJIli xao "csecrpany nanonyny Tpojcrna" ,
UITO CC II nanac cxrarpa aa jepec, jep xpaurhaacxa oor UC CMC IIMaTli UIIKaKBC, a
noaajnan.e )J(CHCKC norryue.
14 Apnjec cI>. BeKOGU aeiiuueciiioa, ZZUINS, Beorpan, 1989. Apnjec nIIIIIC Aa
nexonna yMCTUOCT CBC 11:0, oKnllpuo, XII nexa naje anana aa ACTliIhCTBO, llJIH IIIIjC
MOpaJTa na ra rroxasyje. ,!J,OK jc XCJTCUHCTIflIKa enoxa orma npCnJIaBJhCUa MaJTHM
epocmra, ca nO'ICTKOMcpenn.er BCKall:CTIIH,CTBO nccraje 113 nxonorparpnje, sajen-
HO ca OCTaJIliMXCJICHIICTWIKHM TCMaMa. Herne OKO XIII BCKa, jann.a cc BHITIC TU-
nona y yxre'ruocrn, KOjII cy 6JIll)J(HMO,f\CpIIOM ,f\o)J(lInJI,ajy ,f\CTCTa (anheo Y nn-
ny II:C'TaKa )KCUCTRCUIIX npra, UapO'THTO OMHJI,CU y XlV RCKy; ,f\CTC I1cyc
llJIII ));CTC name Tocne, jcp ce ll:CTHU,CTBO noneayje ca TajHoM Mapnjaaor MaTcpHH-
CTBa H U,CHUM KyJITOM; CIlC XIV IlCKa npnjaran cc
ua MaJIOr Hcyca; 'rpehn Tlln jc rona ACTC I'OTCKOr
15 Weissgerber A., naBC));CUO nCJTO, CTp. 258. I1naK, y UCKHM TyMa'IcIhIIMa, uaj-reinhe
y npaBOCJTaBUHM, uarOnCITITaBa cc na je Hcyc Morao OHTH 3a'iCT H POI)ClI tty rpe-
xy", a Mapnja UOTOM "O'IHIHhcua IIpH uaIlCIIITCU,y".
16 cpeiuser BCKa, 'IaK 11 caM IhCfOIl IlpCMCnCKll OKIlIIP, Bpno cy )\11-
crcyratiantm H aannce 011: MlIOfllX rpaxropa H xpirreprrjyva ayropa, arm ttajaron-
UUjll ua'THU cc 113));BOjC lICKH rnoriannn nepaonn je 1. pamr
CPC));lliH BCK (V-XII), 2. CXOJIaCTHKa (XII-XIII) II 3. xyMalI1l3aM H pcnccauca (cpc-
));lllIa XIV - xpaj XVI BCKa). Jacno jc na H ra xnacadnrxamrja nO));JTc)J(c pasnmr
npTfMcII:6aMa, ann je sa norpeoe onor pana najorrrananuaja.
1719 Henriques F., HaRCnCHO nCJIO, II, CTp. 27-32.
411 Tpytianypu - nCcHIIIJ;Tf jyscne <I>palIlWCKC, xoja cy rracarm JT,y6aBllc IICCMC y 'TaCT
xyrrra 11 Jby6allli xao 113Bopauprurae. CBOj npxynan IfMaJTTf cy y J\PYfOj no-
JIOBHUH XII BCKa.
41 Ona CTUXOBTf, xao Tf npyrn nonana 0 ronnjapmoaa, cy y: Le Goff .I., l1H-
iuenexiiiyanuu y cpeon.eu eetcy, f3X, 3arpc6, 1982, CTp. 31--42. I1JTycTpaTTfBUTf
cy H CJTC));ChH CTliXOBll: "Ox, KaKO je TCITIKO IIPHPO));y yKpOTIITll! / 11 rncnajyha
rmjerry )J(cuy OCTaTTf 'THCTa nyxa, / Mnann ce UliKaKO ne Mory nOKOpTfTTf TaKO
OKPYTUOM saxony / I1 UCB0II:TfTTf pa'ryua CROM yBTfjCK crrpewrrou TCJIY".
126
,UpCBeT03ap ,UyH!)epCKII: )KEHA H lbEHO BACTIHTAlbE Y CPE,UlbEM BEKY
Svetozar Dunderski, Ph. D.
Novi Sad
WOMAN AND HER EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES
Summary
In middle ages sexuality, corporeality and enthusiasm made concession to under-
statement and humble preparation of this world for the eternal life. Legal, economic, rnari-
tual, family, educational and every other status of woman was based on her inferior beha-
viour. In the role of mother as Mesia, Virgin Mary she was an educational model. In mid-
dle ages, the girls educated themselves only within the family or in women's monastery
with moderate educational contents. The most important task was education in the spirit of
modesty and purity. In reality, sometimes, it was quite different.
Key words: woman, education, middle ages, Virgin Mary, women's monastery,
modesty
,ll,-p CBeTOJap ,ll,yn,U...epcxn
HOBI1-Ca.L\
)J{EHW,I1HA 11 EE BOCTII1TAHI1E B CPE,Ll,HI1E BEKA
Pe310Me
B COe.L\Hl1e sexa nOJlOBa51, nJlOTCKa51 )I(113Hb, )KI13HeHHbIH nopus ycrynaior MeCTO
B03.L\ep)KaHHOCTI1 11 noxopnoti nO.L\rOTOBKe na 3eMJle .L\Jl51 Be'1HOH )I(H3HHI1. Ilpaaosoe,
3KOHOMI1
LleCKOe,
fipauuoe, ofipaaosarem-aoe 11 JIIo60e zrpyroe nOJlQ)KeHHe )KeHll\I1Hbl
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127