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2010
1
N 1 AT ................................................................................. 3
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N 2 AT ............................................................................... 15
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N 3 AT ............................................................................... 26
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N 4 AT ............................................................................... 36
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N 5 AT ............................................................................... 47
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N 6 AT ............................................................................... 64
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N 7 AT ............................................................................... 74
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MPEG-1 Layer 2 Layer 3. .................................................... 74
N 8 AT ............................................................................... 85
MP3 Lame .................................... 85
CBR, ABR VBR ................................................................... 85
Sound Forge 9c Audition 3 ................................................. 100
-
. . .. -
N 1 AT
1.
SpectrLab.
2.
SpectrLab ,
Sound Pressure Level (SPL)
3016000
2.
.1.1
SPL.
20 20000 ,
Level
Play Control Wave/Direct ().
.
Power Level.
Line out
Line in
. 1.1.
4.
4.1. .
P I .
, .
(),
/2,
1 / 2 . (1-1)
P2
, (1-2)
ZS
Z S QS CS ,
QS 1, 23 /3 , CS 340 /
-
.
, , , (1).
10-5 200 ,
10 12 100 /2 .
SPL (Sound Pressure Level), 0
I0 10 12 /2. (1-3)
I
P0 2 10 5 .
:
P
L p 20 log
, (1-4)
P0
Lint
10 log
I
I0
20 log
P
. (1-5)
P0
4
,
, .
Lp
10 10 . (1-6)
4.2. ,
.
. ,
.
.
.
,
.
.
200
20
0, 2
0,02
0,002
0,0002
0,00002
,
.1.2.
4.3.
. 1820
( ) .
250 .
L ( Ft )
.1.2.
Ft , - P
L ( Ft ) .
.
, 30-
.
25,0 .
,
.
2 105 .
ISO/R-226 .1.1
.1.1. ( )
,
,
,
,
,
20
77
1000
4
6300
31
55
2000
1
8000
63
30
2500
-3
10000
125
17
3150
-3,6
12500
250
15
4000
-4
16000
500
9
5000
-1,1
20000
,
5
12
16
4
30
90
L( f )
3,64 Ft
0,8
6,5 e
0,6 ( Ft 3,3)2
10
Ft4 (1-7)
Ft ().
, ,
25 , 5 106 .
,
. ,
,
,
: .
510 (.1.3).
250
5060 .
250
. ,
.1.3.
200 20
10 .
,
.
.
10 60- 20 , 20. ,
40 5000 ,
,
.
60 80
. 100
. 120 140
. 165
.1. 2.
. ,
200
120
110140
110
100
80
4060
2030
. ,
100000
20
2
0,2
0,0020,02
0,0002
.
. ,
,
.
90 (.1.2.).
75
.
. 16...20 .
.
.1.2 .
:
40 84 ,
35 100 .
:
100 7000 ,
31 15000 .
6080
. ,
.
,
.
.1.3.
,
1003400
-
1000020000
3115000
31 15000
5010000
2516000
( )
70450
2624318
175784
321587
110440
82398
6070
4050
3040
35
120130 , ,
100 , 84 .
(.1.3).
. /,
.
- (),
DR /
SNR -
dithering, ,
DR
q .
SNR FS (Full Scale),
0
FS
DR 117dB
DR 93dB
(20bit )
(16bit )
Lmax SPL.
,
/.
.1.4.
100104 dB SPL.
-
(.1.4).
q 16 93 -
100 10 . ,
20, 117 , ,
.1.4., - 105
.
,
120 , ,
,
.
Lwn ,
L wn
12dB SPL (1-9)
.
, .
(1-2) / .
FS
8
1
, dB FS . (1-10)
SNR
Lmax
,
, .
Run
Stop
Avg
Peak Hold
5.2.
LR- 1.1 AT.cfg- LR- 1.3 AT.cfg.
: SpectraLab, ,
.
,
2020000
.
.
LR-1 AT ,
: _ ( )_
_ .
.
,
.
, .
SpectraLab.
,
Play Control
.
.
Play Control, Wave Line in,
OK .
. Line in .
Record Control
Play
Control.
. Microphone Line in.
OK .
.
Microphone,
Line in
5.3.
, -
.
, .
.
,
PowerLevel.
LR-1.1.AT.cfg,
.
Config Load Configuration
LR-1.1. AT. cfg .
, ,
LR-1.1. AT.cfg,, ,
.
: Plot Top 100 dB SPL Plot Range
130 .
Avg 20
Options Scaling Control
.
Run . 510
Stop.
(.1.5) .
10
,
, Copy as a bitmap".
,
.1.5.
,
, .
.
5.4.
, .1.4.
,
. 10 20
.
, - .
LR-1.2.AT.cfg,
.
Config Load Configuration
LR-1.2. AT. cfg .
, ,
LR-1.2. AT.cfg , ,
.
: Plot Top 100 dB SPL Plot Range
130 .
Avg 5
Options Scaling Control
.
Multiple Tones 1
20 .
Run
1 . Play Control Wave
()
.
Level c 0 20 40 .
11
, (Stop)
(Run) .
Power Level
( ) (
).
1030 Stop.
.1.4 .
.1.4.
1020 ,
.
.
.1.4.
,
. , SPL
1, SPL
20
82
30
60
50
40
100
22
200
12
500
7
1000
4
2000
0
3000
-3
4000
-3.1
5000
0
6000
1.5
7000
2
8000
3
9000
6
10000
10
16000
90
2, SPL
dB SPL
.1.6.
12
5.5.
LR-1.3.AT.cfg,
.
Config Load Configuration
LR-1.3. AT. cfg .
, ,
LR-1.3. AT.cfg , ,
.
: Plot Top 100 dB SPL Plot Range
130 .
Avg 20
Options Scaling Control
.
White Noise c 0 .
Run
. Play Control Wave
()
.
Level c 0 20 40 .
, (Stop)
(Run) .
Power Level .
1030 Stop.
(.1.7)
.
,
, Copy as a bitmap".
LR-1 AT , .
.1.7.
6.
1.
2. 25
3.
13
4.
5. ,
6. : .
7.
8.
9.
10. , -
16..18.
11.
7.
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
7.6.
7.7.
8.
.. .
. , 2004.
14
-
. . .. -
N 2 AT
1.
SpectrLab.
2.
SpectrLab ,
3016000
3.
.2.1
. SpectraLab
, FR
20 20000
.
c Play Control,
.
Record
Control .
SPL ( Sound Pressure Level),
20 100
SPL.
15
Play Control
Line out
Line in
. 2.1.
.
Fr
.
Power Level .
4.
4.1. .
()
1 / 2 .
10-5 200 .
/2. P I
P2
ZS
Z S QS CS ,
QS 1, 23 /3 , CS 340 /
-
.
SPL (Sound Pressure Level), 0
I0 10 12 /2
I
P0 2 10 5 .
:
16
Lp
20 log
P
,
P0
I
P
20 log
I0
P0
,
, .
Lint
10 log
Lp
10 10
Ds , 1 . S D
I
,
Ds
F
F .
Ds
.
L( Ds ) 10 log
Ds 0
SPL Ds0 10 12 /2 . L( S D ) ,
.
Ln
L( Ds ) 10log
F .
(),
, . ,
1 , N fft ,
, f s .
N fft
L fft 10 log
Kw fs
K w .
Hanning, 1,5.
48 N fft 72000 .
4.2. .
.
.
.
,
, ,
.
17
c FT
.
K M , ,
LT FT
LN
KM
LT
LNC
, ,
,
. K M , .
.2.2. ..
FT BC .
dB SPL
LN
KM
LT
LN
L( DS )
0
BC
f
FT
.2.2.
L( DS ) ,
dB SPL
LN
L( DS )
.2. 3.
I N
DS
18
.
LNC
LN ( f ) L( DS ) 10 log B( f )C
. 2.3, 500
LNC L( DS ) 20
, 500
3,6 /.
.2.4
dB SPL
L( DS ) 60dB
L( DS ) 40dB
L( DS ) 20dB
.2.4
L( DC ) .
LT LN ,
FT . , 500
18
2 .
4.3. .
:
L( DC ) SPL;
500 LTHT
L( DC ) 20
;
500
3 /, 10
10 .
,
.
500 100 ,
19
. ,
,
10
10 , 10 .
.
.
L ( f )T
2 log 1
FT
502
2,5
.2.5. ,
500 2 . 500
20
K M ,
.2.5.
6 .
4.4. .
,
K M , dB
0
2
4
6
8
0
10
15
20
25 Z
.2.6.
( Z ). , , ,
F Z
Z
F
7500
. (2-4)
2020000
0 25.
(.2.6),
.
.
20
5.
5.1. :
,
, .
Run
Stop
Avg
Peak Hold
5.2.
LR- 2.1 AT.cfg LR- 2.2 AT.cfg.
: SpectraLab, ,
,
. ,
2020000
.
,
.
LR-2 AT ,
: _ ( )_
_ .
.
,
.
, .
SpectraLab.
,
Play Control
21
.
.
Play Control, Wave Line in,
OK .
. Line in .
Record Control
Play
Control.
. Microphone Line in.
OK .
.
Microphone,
Line in
.
Fr
5.3.
, -
.
, .
.
,
PowerLevel.
LR-2.1.AT.cfg,
.
Config Load Configuration
LR-2.1. AT. cfg .
, ,
LR-2.1. AT.cfg, ,
.
: Plot Top 100 dB SPL Plot Range
130 .
Avg 20
Options Scaling Control
.
Run . 510
Stop.
(.2.7.).
,
, Copy as a bitmap".
,
22
.2.7.
,
, .
.
5.4.
, .2.1.
,
.
, - .
LR-2.2.AT.cfg,
.
Config Load Configuration
LR-2.2. AT. cfg .
, ,
LR-1.2. AT.cfg , ,
.
: Plot Top 100 dB SPL Plot Range
130 .
Avg 5
Options Scaling Control
.
White Noise c 0 .
Run
Record Control
(2080
SPL)
1000
10 1 % 1 ,
. ,
1%.
.
23
Stop.
.2.1 .
(.2.8.)
LT
L( Ds )
58dBSPL
40dBSPL
.2. 8. 1
,
, Copy as a bitmap".
,
.1, .
1020 ,
.
.2.1. ,
,
1, SPL
2, SPL
20
30
50
100
200
500
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
16000
.2.9
,
.
.2.9
,
..
24
dB SPL
. 2.9. ,
6.
1.
2. ,
3.
4.
5.
6. ,
7.
8.
9.
7.
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
7.6.
7.7.
8.
.. .
. , 2004.
25
-
. . .. -
N 3 AT
3.
-
Audition 3
(Cool Edit Pro).
2.
Audition 3 ,
3
1
3
60
1 60
3.
.3.1
- Cool Edit Pro (Audition 3).
, .
,
: Peak Amplitude ( Lpic ), (Maximum RMS Power ( Lmax ),
Minimum RMS Power ( Lmin ) Average RMS Power ( Lavr ) ( ,
()
).
26
DRm
-
PFm Lpic Lavr (3-2)
.
.3.1.
4.
4.1. :
, -
(). ,
.
4.2.
. Audition 3
(3-1)
. ,
.
.
, , 15 .
27
4.3.
() ().
6575 , -
105 , 122130 SPL.
.3.1.
,
6080
4050
3040
3540
3045
( )
2535
- 3545 (.3.1).
, 5060 ,
.
, .
PFp Lmax Lavg (3-4)
4.5.
. Adobe Audition 3 :
( )
( ),
FS ,
,
,
,
,
.
FS 0
. 0 dBFS + 4 Dbu (
1,23).
, ()
,
. , ,
.
28
.
Lmax Lmin
L , 5 0,1 .
,
.
ni
(3-5)
F (i )
L
ni - , i - .
ni
, dB FS
.3.2. 5 1 .
.3.2
L , 5 1 ( n 7755 ).
. ,
. 3.3 1
ni
(3-6)
n L
n
Tph
n
Tin
T ph - , Tin - .
F (i)
29
.3.3 ,
, 21 .
,
- . ,
. , ,
90 75 ,
,
.
Adobe Audition 3 ,
100.
.
, .
,
1
.
. , ,
, 5
. ,
60 , .
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
5.
5.1.
LR-3 AT ,
: _ ( )_
_ .
.
,
.
, .
Audition 3.
,
HyperSnap-DX,
30
5.2.
5.2.1. File
: 1. . . Open
.
Analyze. Statistics.
Waveform Statistics General
Window Width 1
Recalculate
Lpic , Lmin Lavr .3.2.
.3.2. 1
L pic , dB
DRg , dB Lavr , dB
Lmin , dB
DRm , dB
PFm , dB
1
2
3
DRm
Lpic Lmin
PFm
Lpic Lavr
-
Histogram -
. (.3.4) .
HyperSnap-DX Capture
Region. .
.
(
).
HyperSnap-DX File Save As.
, .
DRg ,
.3.2.
5.2.2. File
: 2. . . Open
.
.5.2.1.
5.2.3. File
: 3. . (
/ . Open
.
.5.2.1. (.3.5 )
31
.3.4. . 1. ( )
.3.5. ( 1 , 2 )
5.3.
5.3.1. File
: 1. . . Open
.
Analyze. Statistics.
Waveform Statistics General
32
Window Width 60
Recalculate
Lmax , Lmin Lavr .3.3.
DRp Lmax Lmin
PFp
Lmax Lavr
-
.3.3. 60
DR p , dB
DRg , dB Lavr , dB
PFp , dB
Lmax , dB
Lmin , dB
1
2
3
Histogram -
. (.3.6) .
HyperSnap-DX Capture
Region. .
.
(
.3.6. ( 1)
).
HyperSnap-DX File Save As.
, .
DRg ,
.3.3.
33
5.3.2. File
: 2. . . Open
.
.5.3.1.
5.3.3. File
: 3. . (
/ . Open
.
.5.3.1. (3.7)
.3.7. ( 2 , 3 )
6.
12.
13. -
14.
15.
16. -
17. -
18.
,
19.
20.
7.
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
34
7.6.
7.7.
8.
.. . .
1 2. . 2009.
35
-
. . .. -
N 4 AT
4.
SpectrLab.
5.
SpectrLab ,
, 3-
.
3-
3.
.4.1.
,
,
.
.
,
3D (3- )
.
36
3D
.4.1.
4.
4.1. .
, ,
23
.
t
f (t )
S( ) e j td
( 4-1)
,
S( )
f (t ) e j t dt (4-2)
S ( )
.
(4-1) (4-2)
.
S ( ) , , .
(4-1) , f (t )
,
dA
d .
dA
S( )
(4-3)
d
. 0 T ,
37
f (t ) e j t dt (4-4)
ST ( )
0
ST ( ) , ,
, .
.
T , .
,
.
T
f (t ) e j t dt . (4-5)
ST ( )
T T
. ,
, G ( ) .
,
.
ST ( )
G( )
d
2
ST ( ) , (4-6)
dt
M
.
.
. (6 )
1 , /.
D ( ) .
D( ) ,
1 ,
/0,5 . D( ) , D ( ) . ,
, ,
, ,
D ( ) D( ) ,
.
. ,
20000
1 20 20000 ,
T .
, 1 ,
.
,
( ).
4.2. ().
,
.
38
, - .
, ,
,
.
F , 0
fs
.
N fft ,
fs
(4-7)
N fft
F
, f s
48
N fft
2048
23, 4 ,
.
,
. ,
.
.
Fl
Fl
N fft
2048 Fl
fs
(4-8)
N fft
50 Hz
T N fft
N fft
1
(4-9)
fs
F
42 . T
, i T .
T
,
. T .
56 .
T
.
, ,
T , .
,
.
. ,
,
F 1 .
.
39
10 log
N fft
Kw fs
(4-10)
K w - , . , ,
Blackman, K w = 2,004.
N fft 65536 , F 0,7 .
.4.2.
Blackman ,
6 20 8 .
F 0,7Hz
N FFT
65536
F 2,8Hz
NFFT
F 5,6Hz
F 1,4Hz
N FFT
32768
16384
NFFT
8192
. 4.2.
, N fft
, N fft
N fft
8192 20 40 .
,
8192 Hanning Blackman.
4.3. .
.4.3. 27
,
. , ,
, 60 ,
.
,
90 12 .
40
.4. 4.
(, ).
.4. 3. .4.4 ,
N fft
N fft
N fft
32768
16384
N fft
N fft
65536
8192
4096
. 4.4
27 N fft
, .
, N fft
F ,
.
, ,
, 1 .
,
. , F ,
, , ,
.
.4.5 ,
, N fft .
,
.
41
4.4. .
. ,
,
,
N fft
4096 F
N fft
65536 F
11, 7 Hz
0,73Hz
.4.5
, , .
.
.
.4.1.
-
( )
,
1003400
1000020000
3115000
31 15000
5010000
2516000
70450
2624318
175784
321587
110440
82398
.4.1.
, FS,
, dBu.
4.5. , , 3- .
.4.6.
.
. .
, -6 ,
40 .
. 3D 3- (, , ).
.
(
). 3-
,
42
.
.
5.
5.1. :
,
,
, .
Run
Stop
Avg
Peak Hold
5.2.
LR-4 AT.cfg. :
SpectraLab (SL), (Spectrum), (Time Series), 3-
(3D Surface) (Spectrogram).
, 3-
2 20000 .
LR-4 AT ,
: _ ( )_
_ .
.
,
.
, .
SpectraLab.
,
Paint
Brush
LR-4 AT .cfg,
.
43
5.3. .
File 1 .
Run.
.4.6. , , 3D
3D .
Time Series
+. ,
. Time Series
. Compute and Display Spectrogram
PrtSc Pbrush.
-- (.4.6)
5.4. ..
( / )
File 2 .. (
/ )
. 5.3.
,
44
. 4.7. .
6.
7.
8.
9. 3D ,
10. ,
11. 3D
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
45
7.
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
7.6.
7.7.
8.
.. . .
1 2. . 2009.
46
-
. . .. -
N 5 AT
Audition
2.
Audition
,
Audition
,
:
-
6.
.5.1
. -
Audition .
.
, : Peak Amplitude ( Lpic ), (Maximum RMS
Power ( Lmax ),
47
, ()
).
DRm
-
PFm
Lpic Lmin ,
Lpic Lavr
,
.
.5.1.
4.
4.1. .
. ,
, .
, ,
48
.
(7080 ),
, 40 SPL.
120 SPL,
.
100 SPL
, 4050 SPL ,
, .
80 SPL ( )
, ,
.
,
, , . ,
. ,
.
. ,
,
. , ,
, .
4.2.
.
140
,
. 5.2.
70..80 .
100 SPL, -3035 SPL.
20 .
, 104 SPL
112 SPL, .
() ().
6575 , -
105 , 122130 SPL.
- 3545 (.5.2).
.
, 1020 SPL
.
2030 SPL, 40
400
60
70
.5.3.
SPL, 60 SPL.
.
(.5.3.).
18
,
15
-. ()
- 0 , -
12
3 .
- 20 .
9
-
,
6
, 50 .
3
-
1990
0
1985 1995 2000...2007
.
. 5.4. - CD
-
. , ,
-
(.5.4.). CD
20 , -- 3 ,
.
.5.4.
.
50
Audition -
.
( 5.6.), : Peak Amplitude ( Lpic ),
(Maximum RMS Power ( Lmax ), Minimum RMS Power ( Lmin ) Average RMS Power ( Lavr )
( , ()
).
DRm
-
PFm
.5.6.
Lpic Lmin ,
Lpic Lavr
.5.7.
DR
, . 5.7..
,
.
,
- .
125145 SPL,
0,5% 3%.
1520 , 90 112 ,
51
/- 70 80 .
120 SPL 20 SPL.
22 24 ,
,
. .
4.3.
-
.
.
.
, .
.5.8.
ISO 1
(, 40 SPL 40 ).
(.5.8 ).
,
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Bitrate
Bandwidth
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4.5 kHz
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96 kbps
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