CALCULE PAG 4

g (y )

1 [(y hi 1+ y

yi ) gi+1 + (yi+1 yi hi
i+1

y ) gi ] yi+1 hi

+ 1+

1 (y 6 y
i

yi ) (yi+1 ;

y)

1 hi

y 2 [yi ; yi+1 ] ((y

1 6

yi ) gi+1 + (yi+1 yi ) (yi+1 y)

y ) gi ) = 1+
y yi hi

1 hi y (gi+1

gi )i +

1 hi

(gi yi+1
i

yi gi+1 )
i 1 6 yyi i

(y

i+1

+ 1+

yi+1 y hi

1 2 =6 y

3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1y 1 i+1 6 yyi i+1 6 y i yi+1 + 6 yi i yi+1 + 6 y 6 yyi+1 i+1 6 hi i + 6 yi yi+1 i+1 + 2 3 2 2 y y y y y y 1 1 1 1 1 1 1y 2 2 6 hi yi i 3 hi yi i yi+1 + 6 hi i+1 6 hi i yi+1 + 6 hi yi i+1 3 hi yi i+1 + 3 hi i yi+1 + 2 1 1 y 1y 1 2 2 6hi yi i yi+1 + 3 hi yi yi+1 i+1 6 hi yi+1 i+1 6hi yi yi+1 i+1

y3 y2 y

i+1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 hi yi i 3 hi yi i+1 + 3 hi i yi+1 6 hi yi+1 i+1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 i + i+1 6 yi 6 i yi+1 6 yi+1 i+1 3 hi yi i yi+1 6 hi i yi+1 + 6 hi yi i+1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 + 3 hi yi yi+1 i+1 + hi (gi+1 gi ) + 6 hi yi i+1 + 3 hi yi yi+1 i+1 + hi (gi+1 gi ) 1 6 i

1 1 6 hi

1 1 6 hi

i+1

1 3 1 3

2 1 y 1 1 1 1 1 1y 6 yi i 6 yi i+1 6 i yi+1 + 3 y i+1 6 yi+1 i+1 2 hi i + 3 hi yi i 2 1y 1 1 1 1 2 2 y 2 y 1 2 hi yi i yi+1 + 2 hi i+1 6 hi i yi+1 + 6 hi yi i+1 3 hi yi i+1 + 3 hi i yi+1 + 1 y 1 hi yi yi+1 i+1 3 hi yi+1 i+1

d dy : 1 3y i

3y 2 2y 1

i+1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 hi yi i 3 hi yi i+1 + 3 hi i yi+1 6 hi yi+1 i+1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 i + i+1 6 yi 6 i yi+1 6 yi+1 i+1 3 hi yi i yi+1 6 hi i yi+1 + 6 hi yi i+1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 + 3 hi yi yi+1 i+1 + hi (gi+1 gi ) + 6 hi yi i+1 + 3 hi yi yi+1 i+1 + hi (gi+1 gi ) 1 6 i

1 1 6 hi

1 1 6 hi

i+1

d2 dy 2

:
1 1 6 hi i i

6y 2

1 6

1 1 6 hi

i+1

i+1 1 1 6 hi yi i

1 1 3 hi yi i+1

1 1 3 hi

i yi+1

1 1 6 hi yi+1 i+1

d dy

jyi :
1 1 6 hi i

2 3y i

1 1 6 hi

i+1

+2yi

1 6

1 1 1 i + i+1 6 yi 6 i yi+1 6 yi+1 i+1 1 1 1 y y + ( g g i+1 i) = 3 hi i i+1 i+1 hi 1 1 1 1 1 2 2yi yi+1 6 yi i + 6 yi i+1 6 i yi+1 6 yi+1 i+1 6hi i yi+1 (gi+1 gi ) 1 1 yi ) 1 yi ) i+1 1 gi ) 6 i (yi+1 6 (yi+1 6 i hi + hi (gi+1 1 1 h 2 + + ( g g ) i+1 i i i+1 6 i hi + g 0 yi = d dy

1 1 1 1 1 1 6 hi yi i 3 hi yi i+1 + 3 hi i yi+1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 3 hi yi i yi+1 6 hi i yi+1 + 6 hi yi i+1 +

i+1

1 1 6 hi yi+1 i+1

1 2 + yi + +h i

1 hi 2 6

i+1

1 (gi+1 hi

gi )

(gi+1

1 1 6 yi i 6 yi i+1 2 y 1 i+1 1 1 1 yi+1 3 hi yi i 3 hi yi i yi+1 + 2 hi 1 1 2 yi+1 i yi+1 + 3 hi yi yi+1 i+1 3 hi 1 1 1 6 yi i+1 6 yi i + 6 yi+1 i+1 + 1 3 yi+1 i

jyi+1 :

1 +6 hi i+1 1 +h (gi+1 gi ) i 1 Facem i + 1 ! i: Rezulta 6 i 1+2

gi ) = 1 1 h 6 i i + 6 hi i+1 1 i + 2 i+1 6 hi

2 1 1 1 1 yi+1 i+ 6 i yi+1 + 3 yi+1 i+1 6 yi+1 i+1 2 hi y 1 1 1 1 2 2 i+1 2 i+1 6 hi i yi+1 + 6 hi yi i+1 3 hi yi i+1 + 1 yi+1 1 gi ) = 1 3 hi yi+1 i+1 + hi (gi+1 6 i yi+1 1 1 2 1 1 2 y y y + y 6hi i i+1 3hi i i+1 i+1 6hi i+1 i+1 + hi

hi +

g 0 yi
d2 dy 2

1 hi 6

i 1

+2

1 hi
1

(gi

gi

1)

jyi :
1 6 1 3 1 3 1 hi i

6y i
1 3 i 1 3 i

+ +

+ i+1 +
i+1

1 1 1 1 1 i + i+1 + 6 hi yi i 6 hi i+1 +2 6 2 yi ) 31 yi ) i+1 3hi i (yi+1 hi (yi+1 2 1 = i 3 i 3 i+1 + g 00 yi = i

1 1 3 hi yi i+1

1 1 3 hi

i yi+1

1 1 6 hi yi+1 i+1

Facem i + 1 ! i: Rezulta

d2 dy 2 jyi+1 : yi+1 yi+1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 i + 3 hi yi i + hi i+1 3 hi yi i+1 + 3 hi 3 i + 3 i+1 hi 1 1 2 1 yi ) + 3hi (yi+1 yi ) i+1 3 i + 3 i+1 3hi i (yi+1 1 1 1 2 3 i + 3 i+1 3 i + 3 i+1 = i+1 i

i yi+1

1 1 3 hi yi+1 i+1

g 00 yi

FUNCTIILE PRINCIPALE

1) splinefun (ofera o functie pt care se poate face curve(f(x)) si permite utilizarea metodei "natural") 2) smooth.spline (ofera un model pt care se pot plota puncte, linii, sau se poate face splinefun(model) care se ploteaza cu curve)

> > > > > >

op <- par(mfrow = c(2,1), mgp = c(2,.8,0), mar = .1+c(3,3,3,1)) n <- 50 x <- 1:n y <- rnorm(n) plot(x, y, main = paste("spline[fun](.) through", n, "points")) lines(spline(x, y))

> f<-splinefun(x, y , method = "natural") > plot(f(x)) > curve(f(x),col="blue") > model<-smooth.spline(x,y) > lines(model,col="red") > g<-splinefun(model,method="natural") > plot(g(x)) > curve(g(x),col="green") >

> cars speed dist 142 2 4 10 374 ......... > x<-cars[,1] >x [1] 4 4 7 7 8 9 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 [26] 15 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 22 23 24 24 24 24 25 > y<-cars[,2] >y [1] 2 10 4 22 16 10 18 26 34 17 28 14 20 24 28 26 34 34 46 [20] 26 36 60 80 20 26 54 32 40 32 40 50 42 56 76 84 36 46 68 [39] 32 48 52 56 64 66 54 70 92 93 120 85 > attach(cars) > cars.spl <- smooth.spline(speed, dist) > cars.spl Call: smooth.spline(x = speed, y = dist) Smoothing Parameter spar= 0.7801305 lambda= 0.1112206 (11 iterations) Equivalent Degrees of Freedom (Df): 2.635278 Penalized Criterion: 4187.776 GCV: 244.1044 > lines(cars.spl,col="red") > h<-splinefun(cars.spl,method="natural") > plot(h(x)) > curve(h(x),col="blue")