MATH 209

Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
MATH 209Calculus, III
Volker Runde
University of Alberta
Edmonton, Fall 2011
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Triple integrals over rectangular boxes, I
As in two variables. . .
Let
B := {(x, y, z) : a x b, c y d, r z s}
be a rectangular box. Divide:
[a, b] into n subintervals [x
j 1
, x
j
] of length x =
ba
n
;
[c, d] into m subintervals [y
k1
, y
k
] of length x =
dc
m
;
[r , s] into subintervals [z
1
, z

] of length z =
sr

.
Set
B
j ,k,
:= [x
j 1
, x
j
] [y
k1
, y
k
] [z
1
, z

].
Fix a support point (x

j
, y

k
, z

) in B
j ,k,
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Triple integrals over rectangular boxes, II
Denition
The triple integral of f over B is dened as
___
B
f (x, y, z) dV
= lim
n,m,
n

j =1
m

k=1

=1
f (x

j
, y

k
, z

) xyz
. .
=:V
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Triple integrals over rectangular boxes, III
Theorem (Fubinis theorem for triple integrals)
Let B = [a, b] [c, d] [r , s] be a rectangular box, and let
f : B R be continuous. Then
___
B
f (x, y, z) dV =
_
s
r
_
d
c
_
b
a
f (x, y, z) dx dy dz.
(The order of integration is arbitrary.)
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, I
Example
Let B := [0, 1] [1, 2] [0, 3], and f (x, y, z) := xyz
2
. Then:
___
B
f (x, y, z) dV =
_
1
0
_
3
0
_
2
1
xyz
2
dy dz dx
=
_
1
0
_
3
0
xy
2
z
2
2

y=2
y=1
dz dx =
_
1
0
_
3
0
2xz
2

xz
2
2
dz dx
=
3
2
_
1
0
_
3
0
xz
2
dz dx =
3
2
_
1
0
xz
3
3

z=3
z=0
dx
=
1
2
_
1
0
27x dx =
27
4
x
2

x=1
x=0
=
27
4
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Solid regions of type I, I
Denition
A solid region E R
3
is said to be of type I if there are
D R
2
and continuous functions u
1
, u
2
: D R with u
1
u
2
such that
E = {(x, y, z) : (x, y) D, u
1
(x, y) z u
2
(x, y)}.
(D is called the projection of E onto the xy-plane.)
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Solid regions of type I, II
Example
The solid region
E = {(x, y, z) : x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
R
2
}
is of type I with
D = {(x, y) : x
2
+ y
2
R
2
},
u
1
(x, y) =
_
R
2
x
2
y
2
,
u
2
(x, y) =
_
R
2
x
2
y
2
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Solid regions of type I, III
Integration over solid regions of type I
___
E
f (x, y, z) dV =
__
D
_
_
u
2
(x,y)
u
1
(x,y)
f (x, y, z) dz
_
dA.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, II
Example
Let E be the ball centered at (0, 0, 0) of radius R. Then the
volume of E is
V =
___
E
1 dV
=
__
D
_
_

R
2
x
2
y
2

R
2
x
2
y
2
1 dz
_
dA = 2
__
D
_
R
2
x
2
y
2
dA
= 2
_
2
0
_
R
0
_
R
2
r
2
cos
2
r
2
sin
2
r dr d
= 2
_
2
0
_
R
0
_
R
2
r
2
r dr d = 4
_
R
0
_
R
2
r
2
r dr =
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, III
Example (continued)
= 4
_
R
0
_
R
2
r
2
r dr
= 2
_
0
R
2

u du = 2
_
R
2
0

u du
= 2
_
2
3
u
3
2

u=R
2
u=0
_
=
4
3
R
3
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Solid regions of type I, IV
Case 1
D is of type I, i.e.,
D = {(x, y) : x [a, b], g
1
(x) y g
2
(x)}.
Then
E = {(x, y, z) : a x b,
g
1
(x) y g
2
(x), u
1
(x, y) z u
2
(x, y)}
and
___
E
f (x, y, z) dV =
_
b
a
_
g
2
(x)
g
1
(x)
_
u
2
(x,y)
u
1
(x,y)
f (x, y, z) dz dy dx.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Solid regions of type I, V
Case 2
D is of type II, i.e.,
D = {(x, y) : y [c, d], h
1
(y) x h
2
(y)}.
Then
E = {(x, y, z) : c y d,
h
1
(y) x h
2
(y), u
1
(x, y) z u
2
(x, y)}
and
___
E
f (x, y, z) dV =
_
d
c
_
h
2
(y)
h
1
(y)
_
u
2
(x,y)
u
1
(x,y)
f (x, y, z) dz dx dy.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, IV
Example
Let E be the solid tetrahedron bounded by the planes x = 0,
y = 0, z = 0, and x + y + z = 1. Evaluate
___
E
z dV.
E is of type I:
E = {(x, y, z) : (x, y) D, 0 z 1 x y}
with
D = {(x, y) : x [0, 1], 0 y 1 x},
so that
E = {(x, y, z) : 0 x 1, 0 y 1 x, 0 z 1 x y}.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, V
Example (continued)
Hence:
___
E
z dV =
__
D
__
1xy
0
z dz
_
dA
=
__
D
(1 x y)
2
2
dA =
1
2
_
1
0
_
1x
0
(1 x y)
2
dy dx
=
1
2
_
1
0

(1 x y)
3
3

y=1x
y=0
dx =
1
6
_
1
0
(1 x)
3
dx
=
1
6
_

(1 x)
4
4

x=1
x=0
_
=
1
24
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Solid regions of type II
Denition
A solid region E R
3
is said to be of type II if there are
D R
2
and continuous functions u
1
, u
2
: D R with u
1
u
2
such that
E = {(x, y, z) : (y, z) D, u
1
(y, z) x u
2
(y, z)}.
Integration over solid regions of type II
___
E
f (x, y, z) dV =
__
D
_
_
u
2
(y,z)
u
1
(y,z)
f (x, y, z) dx
_
dA.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Solid regions of type III
Denition
A solid region E R
3
is said to be of type III if there are
D R
2
and continuous functions u
1
, u
2
: D R with u
1
u
2
such that
E = {(x, y, z) : (x, z) D, u
1
(x, z) y u
2
(x, z)}.
Integration over solid regions of type III
___
E
f (x, y, z) dV =
__
D
_
_
u
2
(x,z)
u
1
(x,z)
f (x, y, z) dy
_
dA.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, VI
Example
Let E be the solid region bounded by the paraboloid
y = x
2
+ z
2
and the plane y = 4. Evaluate
___
E

x
2
+ z
2
dV.
E is of type I:
E =
_
(x, y, z) : (x, y) D,
_
y x
2
z
_
y x
2
_
with
D = {(x, y) : x [2, 2], x
2
y 4},
so that
E =
_
(x, y, z) : x [2, 2], x
2
y 4,

_
y x
2
z
_
y x
2
_
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, VII
Example (continued)
Then:
___
E
_
x
2
+ z
2
dV =
__
D
_
_

yx
2

yx
2
_
x
2
+ z
2
dz
_
dA
=
_
2
2
_
4
x
2
_

yx
2

yx
2
_
x
2
+ z
2
dz dy dx
= ???
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, VIII
Example (continued)
E is also of type III:
E = {(x, y, z) : (x, y) D, x
2
+ z
2
y 4}
with
D = {(x, z) : x
2
+ z
2
4},
so that
E = {(x, y, z) : x
2
+ z
2
4, x
2
+ z
2
y 4}.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, IX
Example (continued)
Thus:
___
E
_
x
2
+ z
2
dV =
__
D
__
4
x
2
+z
2
_
x
2
+ z
2
dy
_
dA
=
__
D
(4 x
2
z
2
)
_
x
2
+ z
2
dA
=
_
2
0
_
2
0
(4 r
2
)rr dr d = 2
_
2
0
4r
2
r
4
dr
= 2
_
4r
3
3

r
5
5

r =2
r =0
_
= 2
_
32
3

32
5
_
=
128
15
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, X
Example
Find the volume of the tetrahedron T bounded by the planes
x + 2y + z = 2, x = 2y, x = 0, and z = 0.
Projecting T onto the xy-plane, we obtain
D =
_
(x, y) : 0 x 1,
x
2
y 1
x
2
_
,
so that
T =
_
(x, y, z) : 0 x 1,
x
2
y 1
x
2
, 0 z 2 x 2y
_
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, XI
Example (continued)
V =
___
T
1 dV =
_
1
0
_
1
x
2
x
2
_
2x2y
0
1dz dy dx
=
_
1
0
_
1
x
2
x
2
2 x 2y dy dx =
_
1
0
(2 x)y y
2

y=1
x
2
y=
x
2
dx
=
_
1
0
(2 x)
_
1
x
2
_

_
1
x
2
_
2
(2 x)
x
2
+
_
x
2
_
2
dx
=
_
1
0
x
2
2x +1 dx =
_
1
0
(x 1)
2
dx =
(x 1)
3
3

x=1
x=0
=
1
3
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Mass and moments of solid objects, I
The mass of a solid object
Let E R
3
be a solid object.
Let (x, y, z) be the density of E at (x, y, z). Then the total
mass of E is
m =
___
E
(x, y, z) dV.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Mass and moments of solid objects, II
Moments and center of mass
The moments of E about the three coordinate planes are:
M
yz
=
___
E
x(x, y, z) dV,
M
xz
=
___
E
y(x, y, z) dV,
M
xy
=
___
E
z(x, y, z) dV.
The center of mass of E is located at ( x, y, z) where
x =
M
yz
m
, y =
M
xz
m
, z =
M
xy
m
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, XII
Example
Find the center of mass of the solid body E with constant
density , bounded by the parabolic cylinder x = y
2
and the
planes x = z, z = 0, and x = 1.
Describe E as a type I solid region:
E = {(x, y, z) : (x, y) D, 0 z x}
with
D = {(x, y) : 1 y 1, y
2
x 1},
so that
E = {(x, y, z) : 1 y 1, y
2
x 1, 0 z x}.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, XIII
Example (continued)
Therefore:
m =
___
E
dV =
_
1
1
_
1
y
2
_
x
0
dz dx dy
=
_
1
1
_
1
y
2
x dx dy =
_
1
1
x
2
2

x=1
x=y
2
dy =

2
_
1
1
1 y
4
dy
=
_
1
0
1 y
4
dy =
_
y
y
5
5

y=1
y=0
_
=
4
5
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, XIV
Example (continued)
Furthermore:
M
yz
=
___
E
x dV =
_
1
1
_
1
y
2
_
x
0
x dz dx dy
=
_
1
1
_
1
y
2
x
2
dx dy =
_
1
1
x
3
3

x=1
x=y
2
dy =
_
1
1
1
3

y
6
3
dy
=
2
3
_
1
0
1 y
6
dy =
2
3
_
y
y
7
7

y=1
y=0
_
=
4
7
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, XV
Example (continued)
Moreover:
M
xz
=
___
E
y dV =
_
1
1
_
1
y
2
_
x
0
y dz dx dy
=
_
1
1
_
1
y
2
xy dx dy =
_
1
1
x
2
y
2

x=1
x=y
2
dy
=
_
1
1
y
3

y
5
3
dy = 0.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, XVI
Example (continued)
Finally:
M
xy
=
___
E
z dV =
_
1
1
_
1
y
2
_
x
0
z dz dx dy
=
_
1
1
_
1
y
2
z
2
2

z=x
z=0
dx dy =

2
_
1
1
_
1
y
2
x
2
dx dy
=

2
_
1
1
x
3
3

x=1
x=y
2
dy =

2
_
1
1
1
3

y
6
3
dy
=

3
_
1
0
1y
6
dy =

3
_
y
y
7
7

y=1
y=0
_
=

3
_
1
1
7
_
=
2
7
.
MATH 209
Calculus,
III
Volker Runde
Triple
integrals
Applications
of triple
integrals
Examples, XVII
Example (continued)
Hence, the center of mass of E is at
( x, y, z) =
_
M
yz
m
,
M
xz
m
,
M
xy
m
_
=
_
5
7
, 0,
5
14
_
.