bdkbZ IV

v;k; 11

varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj

vki varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj osQ fofHkUu igyqvksa osQ ckjs esa igys
gh ^ekuo Hkwxksy osQ ewy flkar* uked iqLRkd esa i<+ pqosQ
gSaA varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj lHkh ns'kksa osQ fy, ijLij ykHknk;d
gSa] pwfd dksbZ Hkh ns'k vkRefuHkZj ugha gSA gky gh osQ o"kks
esa Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj us ek=kk] la?kVu osQ lkFk&lkFk
O;kikj dh fn'kk osQ lacak esa vkewy ifjorZuksa dk vuqHko
fd;k gSA ;|fi] fo'o O;kikj eas Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh oqQYk
ek=kk dk osQoy ,d izfr'kr gS rFkkfi] fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk
eas bldh ,d egoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
vkb,] Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj osQ cnyrs izk:i
(Pattern) dh iM+rky djsaA o"kZ 1950&51 esa] Hkkjr dk
oSnsf'kd O;kikj dk ewY; 1]214 djksM+ #i, Fkk] tks fd Ok"kZ
2004&05 eas c<+dj 8]37]133 djksM+ #i, gks x;kA D;k
vki 1950&51 osQ eqdkcys 2004&05 dh izfr'kr o`f dk
ifjdyu dj ldrs gSa\ fons'kh O;kikj esa bl rhoz o`f osQ
vusd dkj.k gSa tSls fd fofuekZ.k osQ {ks=k esa laosxh
(xfr'khy) mBku] ljdkj dh mnkj uhfr;k rFkk ckkkjksa dh
fofok:irk vkfnA
le; osQ lkFk Hkkjr osQ fons'kh O;kikj dh izo`Qfr eas
cnyko vk;k gS (rkfydk 11-1)A ;|fi] ;gk ij vk;kr
,oa fu;kZr nksukas dh gh ek=kk esa o`f gqbZ gS] ijarq fu;kZr dh
rqyuk eas vk;kr dk ewY; vfkd gSA fiNys oqQNsd o"kks esa
O;kikj ?kkVs esa Hkh o`f gqbZ gSA ?kkVs esa gqbZ bl o`f osQ fy,
vifj"o`Qr (ozQw M) isVkfs y;e dks mkjnk;h Bgjk;k tk ldrk
gS] tks Hkkjr dh vk;kr lwph esa ,d izeq[k ?kVd gSA

Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr&la?kVu osQ cnyrs izk:i

lzksr % lkaf[;dh; lkjka'k] 2005

fp=k 11-1

rkfydk 11-1 % Hkkjr dk fons'k O;kikj

o"kZ

(#- djksM+ esa)

O;kikj ?kkVk

fu;kZr

vk;kr

oqQy O;kikj

1994-95
2000-01

826,740
2,03,5710

899,710
2,30,8730

1,72,6450
4,34,4440

-72,970
-273,020

2004-05(v)

3,56,0690

4,81,0640

8,37,1330

-1,24,9950

(v) % varfje
lzksr % lkaf[;dh; lkjka'k] 2005

rkfydk 11-2 osQ vkdM+ksa dk v;;u dhft, vkSj fuEufyf[kr

iz'uksa osQ mkj nhft, :
D;k dkj.k gS fd o"kZ 1997&98 osQ ckn ls yxkrkj o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ
mRiknksa osQ fu;kZr esa fxjkoV vkbZ gS\
o"kZ 1999&2000 esa pkbZ ij igqpus osQ i'pkr~ fofufeZr lkekuksa
osQ fu;kZr eas fxjkoV D;kas 'kq: gks xbZ\
,d naM vkjs[k cukdj lkj.kh eas nh xbZ lHkh enksa osQ fu;kZr dh
izo`fk dks n'kkZ,A blosQ fy, fHkUu&fHkUu jaxksa osQ isu ;k isaflysa
bLrseky djsaA

elkys] pk; o nkyksa vkfn tSlh ijaijkxr oLrqvksa osQ fu;kZr esa
fxjkoV vkbZ gSA gkykfd iq"io`Qf"k mRiknksa rkt+s iQyks]a leqnhz
mRiknksa rFkk phuh vkfn osQ fu;kZr esa o`f ntZ dh xbZ gSA
o"kZ 2003&04 osQ nkSjku fofuekZ.k {ks=k us Hkkjr osQ oqQYk
fu;kZr ewY; esa vosQys 75-96 izfr'kr dh Hkkxhnkjh vafdr
dh gSA fu;kZr lwph esa bathfu;fjax lkekuksa us egoiw.kZ o`f
n'kkZbZ gSA oL=kks|ksx {ks=k ljdkj }kjk mnkjrkiw.kZ mik; mBk,
tkus osQ ckotwn i;kZIRk miyfCk ugha izkIr dj ik;kA bl {ks=k
eas phu rFkk vU; iwOkZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'k gekjs izeq[k izfrLikhZ gSSaA
Hkkjr osQ fons'k O;kikj eas ef.k&jRuksa rFkk vkHkw"k.kksa dh ,d
O;kid fgLlsnkjh gSA

rkfydk 11-2 % Hkkjr dk fu;kZr la?kVu] 1997&2004

(fu;kZr esa izfr'kr va'k)
oLrq,@eky
1997-98
1999-2000
o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ mRikn
18.93
15.27
v;Ld ,oa [kfut
3.03
2.5
fofufeZr oLrq,
75.83
80.93
isVksfy;e o vifj"o`Qr mRikn
1.01
0.08
vU; oLrq,
1.2
1.22
lzksr % fons'kh O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku&larqyu] lsaVj iQkWj ekWuhVfjax bafM;u bdksukseh

tSlkfd igys gh crk;k tk pqdk gS fd Hkkjr osQ

varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj eas oLRkqvksa osQ la?kVdksa eas le; osQ lkFk
cnyko vk, gSaA blesa o`Qf"k rFkk leoxhZ mRiknksa dk fgLlk
?kVk gS] tcfd isVksfy;e rFkk vifj"o`Qr mRiknksa ,oa vU;
oLrqvksa esa o`f gqbZ gSA v;Ld [kfutksa rFkk fufeZr lkekuksa
dk fgLlk Ok"kZ 1997&98 ls 2003&04 rd O;kid rkSj ij
yxkrkj fLFkj&lk jgk gSA isVksfy;e mRiknksa osQ fgLls eas
o`f dk dkj.k isVksfy;e osQ ewY;ksa esa o`f osQ lkFk&lkFk
Hkkjr esa rsy'kksku {kerk eas o`f Hkh fkEesnkj gSA
ijaijkxr oLrqvksa osQ O;kikj esa fxjkoV dk dkj.k eq[;r%
dM+h varjkZ"Vh; izfrLikkZ gSA o`Qf"k mRiknksa osQ varxZr dkWI+kQh]
126

Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk

2000-01

2003-04

13.55

11.8

2.62

3.71

77.9

75.96

4.29

5.59

1.64

2.94

rkfydk 11-3 dk v;;u djrs gq, ,slh 8 ize[q k oLrq, pqu]as ftUgsa
o"kZ 2004&05 esa fu;kZfrr fd;k x;k gksA naM vkjs[k cukdj mu
oLrqvksa osQ chp fofokrk dks le>us gsrq rqyuk djsAa

Hkkjr osQ vk;kr&la?kVu osQ cnyrs izk:i

Hkkjr us 1950 ,oa 1960 osQ n'kd esa [kk|kUuksa dh xaHkhj deh
dk vuqHko fd;k gSA ml le; vk;kr dh ize[q k OkLRkq,
[kk|kUu] iwt
hxr eky] e'khujh ,oa miLdj vkfn FksA ml
le; Hkqxrku lary
q u fcYoqQYk foijhr Fkk_ pwf d vk;kr

rkfydk 11-3 % izeq[k mi;ksxh oLrqvksa dk fu;kZr

oLrq,
2004&05 00 #- esa
27,111
o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ mRikn
v;Ld ,oa [kfut
18,842
peM+k ,oa fofuekZ.kd
10,286
ef.k&jRu ,oa vkHkw"k.k
61,581
jlk;u o lacaf/r mRikn
56,961
bathfu;fjax lkeku
65,543
bysDVksfud lkeku
8,106
oL=kkfn
53,996
gLrf'kYi
1,543
xyhpk@dkyhu
2,679
isVksfy;e mRikn
30,518
lzksr % bafM;k (Hkkjr)] 2006 Hkkjr ljdkj osQ lwpuk ,oa
izlkj.k ea=kky; osQ izdk'ku foHkkx }kjk izdkf'kr

izfrLFkkiu osQ lHkh iz;klksa osQ ckotwn vk;kr fu;kZrksa ls vfkd

FksA 1970 osQ n'kd osQ ckn gfjr ozQkafr esa liQyrk feyus ij
[kk|kUuksa dk vk;kr jksd fn;k x;kA ysfdu 1973 esa vk, tkZ
ladV ls isVk fs y;e (inkFkks) osQ ewY; esa mNky vk;k iQyr%
vk;kr ctV Hkh c<+ x;kA [kk|kUuksa osQ vk;kr dh txg
moZjdksa ,oa isVk fs y;e us ys yhA e'khu ,oa miLdj] fo'ks"k
LVhy] [kk| rsy rFkk jlk;u eq[; :i ls vk;kr O;kikj dh
jpuk djrs gSAa rkfydk 11-4 esa vk;kr osQ cnyrs izk:i dk
ijh{k.k djsa rFkk mlesa gq, ifjorZu dks le>us dk iz;kl djsAa
rkfydk 11-4 ;g n'kkZrh gS fd isVs k fs y;e rFkk blosQ
mRiknksa osQ vk;kr eas rhoz o`f gqbZ gSA bls u osQoy baZ ku osQ
:i esa iz;Dq r fd;k tkrk gS cfYd bldk iz;ksx m|ksxksa esa ,d
dPps eky osQ :i esa Hkh gksrk gSA blls c<+rs gq, vkS|ksxhdj.k
vkSj csgrj thou Lrj dk laoQs r feyrk gSA varjkZ"Vh; ckkkjksa

esa Hkh bldh oQnkpfud ewY;o`f Hkh ,d vU; dkj.k jgh

gSA fu;kZrkfHkeq[k m|ksxksa ,oa ?kjsyw {ks=k dh c<+rh gqbZ ekx osQ
dkj.k iwt
hxr oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr eas ,d fLFkj o`f gksrh jgh
gSA xSj&oS|fq rd e'khujh ifjogu miLdj] kkrqvksa osQ fofufeZfr;k
rFkk e'khuh vkSkkj vkfn iwt
hxr oLrqvksa dh eq[; ensa gksrh
FkhaA [kk| rsyksa osQ v;kr eas vkbZ fxjkoV osQ lkFk [kk| rFkk
leoxhZ mRiknksa osQ vk;kr esa deh vkbZ gSA Hkkjr osQ vk;kr
eaas vU; ize[q k oLrqvksa eas eksrh rFkk mijRuks]a Lo.kZ ,oa pknh]
kkrqe; v;Ld rFkk kkrq Nhtu] vykSg kkrq, rFkk bysDVkfW ud
oLrq, vkfn vkrs gSAa Ok"kZ 2004&05 osQ Hkkjr dh ize[q k
oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr osQ fooj.k rkfydk 11-5 eas fn, x, gS
a
rkfydk 11-5 osQ vkdM+ksa osQ vkkkj ij oqQN
f;kdyki fd, tk ldrs gSa %
vkjksgh e esa vFkok vojksgh e esas lHkh
oLrqvksa dks ec <ax ls O;ofLFkr djsa vkSj
Hkkjr osQ 2004&05 dh vk;kr lwph dh izeq[k
ikp oLrqqvksa dk uke fy[ksaA
Hkkjr ,d o`Qf"k dh n`f"V ls le` ns'k gksrs gq,
Hkh [kk| rsyksa ,oa nkyksa dk vk;kr D;ksa djrk gS\
ikp lokZfkd egoiw.kZ oLrqvksa dks RkFkk ikp
lcls de egoiw.kZ oLrqvksa dks pqudj mUgsa
naM&vkjs[k }kjk n'kkZ,A
D;k vki vk;kr lwph esa oqQN ,sls enksa dks
igpku ldrs gSa ftuosQ fodYi Hkkjr esa fodflr
fd, tk ldrs gSaA

rkfydk 11-4 % Hkkjr dk vk;kr la?kVu] 1997 ls 2004

mi;ksxh oLrq,
1997-98
2000-01
isVksfy;e vifj"o`Qr rFkk vU; mRikn
19.68
31.32
iwthxr lkeku
19.18
11.48
jlk;u rFkk lacaf/r mRikn
11.33
7.71
oL=k] /kxs rFkk diM+s
0.99
1.19
[kk| rFkk lacaf/r oLrq,
4.04
3.37
eksrh rFkk vYi ewY; jRu
8.06
9.62
lksuk vkSj pknh
7.64
9.28
vU;
29.08
25.53
lzksr % fons'k O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku larqyu] lsaVj iQkWj ekWuhVfjax bafM;u bdksukseh

(izfr'kr esa)
2003-04
26.32
13.99
7.99
1.61
4.36
9.12
8.77
27.84

varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj 127

rkfydk 11-5 % izeq[k oLrqvksa dk vk;kr

(djksM+ #- esa)
oLrq,
moZjd
[kk| rsy
yqxnk (yqxnh) rFkk vif'k"V isij (dkxk)
isij cksMZ (xkk) ,oa fofufeZfr;k
v[kckjh dkxk (U;wk fiazV)
vykSg /krq,
/krqe;h v;Ld rFkk /krq Nktu
yksgk ,oa LVhy
isVksfy;e vifj"o`Qr ,oa mRikn
eksrh] cgqewY; ,oa vYi ewY; jRu
e'khujh
nkysa
dks;yk] dksd rFkk bf"Vdk (czhosQV~l)
xSj&/kfRod [kfut fofuekZ.k
fpfdRlh; ,oa iQkekZ mRikn
jklk;fud mRikn
vU; oL=k /kxs] diM+s bR;kfn
O;kolkf;d miLdj vkfn
Lo.kZ ,oa pknh

2004-05
5,53
10,75
2,12
3,04
1,70
5,63
10,65
11,67
1,34,09
42,34

Hkkjr dk ms'; vkxkeh ikp o"kks osQ nkSjku varjkZ"Vh;

O;kikj esa viuh fgLlsnkjh dks nqxquk djus dk gSA blus bl
fn'kk esa] igys ls gh vk;kr mnkjhdj.k] vk;kr djksa esa
deh] fM&ykblsfa lax (fovuqKkdj.k) rFkk izfozQ;k ls mRikn
osQ ,dLo (isVasV) esa cnyko vkfn vuqowQy mik; viukus
'kq: dj fn, gSaA
Ok"kZ 2004&05 eas Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr esa ,f'k;k ,oa
vks'ksfu;k dh 47-41 izfr'kr dh fgLlsnkjh gS] rnqijkar
if'peh ;wjksi (23-80) vkSj vesfjdk (20-42 ) vkrs
gSaA blh izdkj Hkkjr osQ vk;kr esa ,f'k;k ,oa vks'ksfu;k dh
lokZfkd (35-40) ek=kk gSA blosQ ckn if'peh ;wjksi
(22-60) rFkk vesfjdk (8-36) vkrs gSaA

48,12
12,58
2,03
23,97
6,27
2,46
3,98
43,75
48,63

lzksr % bafM;k (Hkkjr)] 2006

O;kikj dh fn'kk
Hkkjr osQ O;kikfjd laca k fo'o osQ vfkdka'k ns'kksa ,oa ize[q k
O;kikjh xqVksa osQ lkFk gSaA o"kZ 2004&05 osQ nkSjku {ks=kkuqlkj
,oa mi{ks=kkuqlkj O;kikj rkfydk 11-6 esa fn;k x;k gSA
rkfydk 1-6 % Hkkjr osQ vk;kr O;kikj dh fn'kk
(djksM+ #- esa)
izns'k
vk;kr
if'peh ;wjksi
iwohZ ;wjksi
lh-vkbZ-,l- ,oa ckYfVd jkT;
,f'k;k ,oa vks'kfu;k
vizQhdk
vesfjdk
ySfVu vesfjdh ns'k
lzksr % bafM;k (Hkkjr)] 2006
128

2003-04

2004-05

85,88

1,08,71

43

85

5,79

8,32

1,24,76

1,70,28

14,69

16,80

31,82

40,20

5,35

8,55

Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk

fp=k 11-2

la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikfjd

lk>snkj rFkk Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr osQ fy, lokZfkd egoiw.kZ
xarO; LFkku gSA ego osQ vkkkj ij vU; ns'kksa esa
ozQe'k% fczVsu] csfYt;e] teZuh] tkiku] fLoVtjySaM]
gkaxdkax] la;qDr vjc vehjkr] phu] flaxkiqj rFkk eysf'k;k
vkfn vkrs gSaA

izeq[k O;kikfjd lk>snkjksa dks iznf'kZr djus osQ fy, ,d cgqnaM

vkjs[k cuk,A

Hkkjr dk vfkdrj fons'kh O;kikj leqnzh ,oa ok;q

ekxks }kjk lapkfyr gksrk gSA gkykfd] fons'kh O;kikj dk

rkfydk 11-7 % Hkkjr osQ izeq[k O;kikfjd lk>snkj

oqQy O;kikj dk izfr'kr va'k (fu;kZr$vk;kr)
ns'k
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk
;w-osQcsfYt;e
teZuh
tkiku
fLoVtjySMa
gkaxdkax
la;qDr vjc vehjkr
phu
flaxkiqj
eysf'k;k

2000-01

2003-04

13.0

10.3

5.7

3.7

4.6

3.7

3.9

3.5

3.8

2.7

3.8

3.3

3.7

2.8

3.4

6.2

2.5

6.4

2.5

3.4

1.9

1.7

;ksx
48.6
lzksr % vkfFkZd losZ{k.k] 2005&06

47.7

NksVk lk Hkkx lM+d ekxZ }kjk usiky] HkwVku] ckaXykns'k

,oa ikfdLrku tSls iM+kslh jkT;ksa esa lM+d ekxZ }kjk fd;k
tkrk gSA
leqh iku&varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj osQ izos'k }kj osQ :i esa

fp=k 11-3 % iku ij eky dks mrkjuk

Hkkjr rhu vksj ls leqnz ls f?kjk gqvk gS vkSj izo`Qfr us gesa

,d yach rVjs[kk iznku dh gSA ty lLrs ifjogu osQ fy,
,d likV ry iznku djrk gSA leqnzh ;k=kkvksa dh Hkkjr esa
,d yach ijaijk jgh gS] ;gk rd fd dbZ LFkkuksa osQ lkFk
miuke iku tqM+k gqvk gSA Hkkjr esa leqnzh ikuksa dk ,d
jkspd rF; ;g gS fd blosQ iwohZ rV dh vis{kk if'peh rV
ij vfkd iku gSaA

ikuksa osQ lac/a ksa esa osQa nz ljdkj uhfr;k cukrh gS rFkk fu;ked
fozQ;kvksa dks fuHkkrh gSaA NksVs ikuksa osQ fy, jkT; ljdkjsa
uhfr;k cukrh gS o fu;ked fozQ;k, fuHkkrh gSaA izeq[k iku
oqQy ;krk;kr osQ cM+s fgLls dk fuiVku djrh gSaA 12 izeq[k
iku ns'k osQ egklkxjh; ;krk;kr dk 75 izfr'kr Hkkx
fuiVkrh gSA
vaxzskksa us bu ikuksa dk mi;ksx muosQ i`"Bizns'kksa osQ
lalkkuksa osQ vo'kks"k.k osaQnz osQ :i esa fd;k FkkA vkarfjd
izn's kksa esa jsyos osQ fOkLrkj us LFkkuh; ckkkjksa dks {ks=kh; ckkkjksa
vkSj {ks=kh; ckkkjksa dks jk"Vh; ckkkjksa rFkk jk"Vh; ckkkjksa dks
varjkZ"Vh; ckkkjksa ls tksMu+ s dh lqxerk iznku dhA ;g izo`fk
1947 rd cuh jghA ;g vis{kk dh xbZ Fkh fd ns'k dh
Lora=krk bl ize dks myV nsxh] ijarq ns'k osQ foHkktu ls
Hkkjr osQ nks vfr egoiw.kZ iku vyx gks x,A djkph iku
ikfdLrku esa pyk x;k vkSj fpVxko iku rRdkyhu iwohZ
ikfdLrku vkSj vc ckaXykns'k esa pyk x;kA bl {kfriwfrZ osQ
fy, vusd u, ikuksa dks fodflr fd;k x;k tSls fd
if'pe eas dkaMyk rFkk iwoZ eas gqxyh unh ij dksydkrk osQ
ikl Mk;eaM gkcZj dk fodkl gqvkA

D;k vki bu nksuksa rVksa ij ikuksa dh vofLFkfr

dh fHkUurk osQ dkj.kksa dk irk yxk ldrs gSaA

;|fi Hkkjr esa ikuksa dk mi;ksx izkphu dky ls gks

jgk gS rFkkfi varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj osQ izos'k }kj osQ :i esa
ikuksa dk mHkjuk ;wjksih; O;kikfj;ksa dk vkxeu rFkk vaxzskh
}kjk Hkkjr osQ mifuos'khdj.k osQ ckn egoiw.kZ cukA blh
dkj.k ns'k esa ikuksa osQ vkdkj vkSj xq.kokk esa fofokrk
vkbZA ;gk ij oqQN iku ,sls gSa ftuosQ ikl foLr`r izHkko
{ks=k gSa tcfd oqQN osQ ikl lhfer izHkko {ks=k gSA orZeku eas]
Hkkjr esa 12 izeq[k vkSj 185 NksVs ;k e>ksys iku gSaA izeq[k

varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj 129

fp=k 11-4 % Hkkjr & eq[; iku ,oa leqnzh ekxZ

130

Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk

bl cM+h gkfu osQ ckotwn] ns'k dh Lora=krk&izkfIr osQ

ckn ls Hkkjrh; iku fujarj o`f dj jgs gSaA vkt Hkkjrh;
iku fo'kky ek=kk eas ?kjsyw osQ lkFk&lkFk fons'kh O;kikj dk
fuiVku dj jgs gSaA vfkdrj iku vkkqfud volajpuk ls
ySl gSaA igys ikuksa osQ fodkl ,oa vkkqfudhdj.k dh
fkEesnkjh ljdkjh vfHkdj.kksa ij Fkh] ysfdu dke osQ c<+us
vkSj bu ikuksa dks varjkZ"Vh; Lrj osQ ikuksa osQ led{k cukus
dh vko';drk us Hkkjr dh ikuksa osQ vk/qfudhdj.k osQ
fy, futh m|fe;ksa dks vkeaf=kr fd;kA
vkt Hkkjrh; ikuksa dh ukSHkkj fuiVku dh {kerk 1951
esa 20 fefy;u Vu ls orZeku esa 500 fefy;u Vu ls vfkd
c<+ xbZ gSA vius i`"B izns'kksa osQ lkFk oqQN Hkkjrh; iku
vxzfyf[kr gSa
dPN dh [kkM+h osQ eqgkus ij vofLFkr dkaMyk iku
dks ns'k osQ if'peh ,oa mkj&if'peh Hkkx dh k:jrksa dks
iwjk djus vkSj eqacbZ iku ij ncko dks ?kVkus osQ fy, ,d
izeq[k iku osQ :i eas fodflr fd;k x;k gSA bl iku dks
fo'ks"k :i ls Hkkjh ek=kk esa issVksfy;e] issVksfy;e mRiknksa ,oa
moZjdksa dks xzg.k djus osQ fy, cuk;k x;k gSA okMhukj esa
,d virVh; VfeZuy fodflr fd;k x;k gS rkfd dkaMyk
iku osQ ncko dks ?kVk;k tk losQA
i`"B izns'k (hinter land)dh lhekvksa dk fpkadu
eqf'dy gksrk gS D;ksafd ;g {ks=k ij lqfLFkj ugha gksrkA
vfkdrj ekeyksa esa ,d iku dk i`"B izns'k nwljs iku osQ
i`"Bizns'k dk vfrO;kiu dj ldrk gSA
eqacbZ ,d izko`Qfrd iku vkSj ns'k dk lcls cM+k iku
gSA ;g iku e;iwo]Z Hkwe; lkxjh; ns'kks]a mkjh vizQhdk]
mkj vesfjdk rFkk ;wjksi osQ ns'kksa osQ lkEkkU; ekxZ osQ fudV
fLFkr gS tgk ls ns'k osQ fons'kh O;kikj dk vf/dka'k Hkkx
lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g iku 20 fd-eh- yack rFkk 6&10
fd-eh- pkSMk+ gSA ftlesa 54 xksfn;k vkSj ns'k dk fo'kkyre
VfeZuy gSAa e; izn's k] egkjk"V] xqtjkr] mkj izn's k o
jktLFkku osQ Hkkx eqca bZ iku dh i`"BHkwfe dh jpuk djrs gSAa
tokgjyky usg: iku dks Ugkok&'ksok esa eqca bZ iku
osQ ncko dks de djus osQ fy, ,d vuq"kaxh iku osQ :i
esa fodflr fd;k x;k FkkA ;g Hkkjr dk fo'kkyre daVsuj
iku gSA
tqvkjh uneq[k osQ eqgkus ij vofLFkr ekekZxkvks
iku xksok dk ,d izko`Qfrd canjxkg gSA tkiku dks

ykSg&v;Ld osQ fu;kZr dk fuiVku djus osQ fy, 1961 esa

gq, iquizZfr:i.k osQ ckn bldk ego c<+kA dksad.k jssyos us
bl iku osQ i`"B izns'k esa egoiw.kZ foLrkj fd;k gSA
dukZVd] xksvk rFkk nf{k.kh egkjk"V bldh i`"BHkwfe dh
jpuk djrs gSa
U;w eaxykSj iku dukZVd eas fLFkr gS vkSj ykSg&v;Ld
vkSj ykSg&lkanz osQ fu;kZr dh t:jrksa dks iwjk djrk gSA ;g
iku Hkh moZjdks]a isVkfs y;e mRiknks]a [kk| rsyks]sa dkWI+kQh] pk;]
yqxnh] lwr] xzsukbV iRFkj] 'khjk vkfn dk fuiVku djrk gSA
i`"B dukZVd bl iku dk izeq[k i`"Bizns'k gSA
csaokun dk;ky] ftls ^vjc lkxj dh jkuh* (Dohu
vkWiQ vjsfc;u lh) osQ yksdfiz; uke ls tkuk tkrk gS] osQ
eqgkus ij fLFkr dksfPp iku Hkh ,d izko`Qfrd iku gSA bl
iku dks Lost dksyacks ekxZ osQ ikl vofLFkr gksus dk ykHk
izkIr gSA ;g osQjy] nf{k.kh dukZVd rFkk nf{k.k&if'peh
rfeyukMq dh vko';drkvkas dks iwjk djrk gSA
dksydkrk iku gqxyh unh ij vofLFkr gS tks
caxky dh [kkM+h ls 128 fd-eh- LFky esa vanj fLFkr gSA eqca bZ
iku dh Hkkfr bldk fodkl Hkh vaxszkksa }kjk fd;k x;k FkkA
dksydkrk dks fczfV'k Hkkjr dh jktkkuh gksus osQ izkjafHkd
ykHk izkIr FksA bl iku us fo'kk[kkiV~ue] ikjk}hi vkSj
mldh vuq"kaxh iku gfYn;k tSLkh vU; ikuksa dh vksj
fu;kZr osQ fno~QifjorZu osQ dkj.k viuh lkFkZdrk dkI+kQh gn
rd [kks nh gSA
dksydkrk iku gqxyh unh }kjk ykbZ xbZ xkn dh
leL;k ls Hkh tw>rk jgk gS tks fd mls leqnz ls tqM+us dk
ekxZ iznku djrh gSA blosQ i`"B izns'k osQ varxZr mkj izns'k]
fcgkj] >kj[kaM] if'pe caxky] flfDde vkSj mkj&iwohZ
jkT; vkrs gSAa bu lcosQ vfrfjDr] ;g iku gekjs HkwVku vkSj
usiky tSls LFky# iM+kslh ns'kksa dks Hkh lqfokk, miyCk
djkrk gSA
gfYn;k iku dksydkrk ls 105 fd-eh- vanj vuqioz kg
(MkmuLVhe) ij fLFkr gSA bldk fuekZ.k dksydkrk iku dh
laoqQYkrk dks ?kVkus osQ fy, fd;k x;k gSA ;g LFkwy ukSHkkj
tSSls ykSg&v;Ld] dks;yk] isVksfy;e rFkk isVksfy;e
mRikn] moZjd] twV ,oa twV mRikn] dikl rFkk lwrh kkxksa
vkfn dk fuiVku (handle) djrk gSA
ikjknhi iku dVd ls 100 fd-eh- nwj egkunh
MsYVk ij fLFkr gSA bldk iksrkJ; lcls xgjk gS tks Hkkjh
varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj 131

fp=k 11-5 % Hkkjr & ok;q ekxZ

132

Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk

iksrksa osQ fuiVku osQ fy, lokZf/d vuqoQw y gSA bls eq[; :Ik
ls cM+s iSekus ij ykSg&v;Ld osQ fu;kZr osQ fy, fuiVku
fodflr fd;k x;k gSA bl iku osQ i`"B izns'k osQ varxZr
mM+hlk] >kj[kaM vkSj Nkhlx<+ vkrs gSaA
fo'kk[kkiV~ue vka/z izns'k esa ,d Hkw&vkc iku
gS ftls Bksl pku ,oa ckyw dks dkVdj ,d ugj osQ
}kjk leqnz ls tksM+k x;k gSA ,d ckg~; iku dk fodkl
YkkSg&v;Ld] isVksfy;e rFkk lkekU; ukSHkkj osQ fuiVku
gsrq fodflr fd;k x;k gSA bl iku dk izeq[k i`"B izns'k
vkakz izns'k gSA
psUubZ ikuiwohZ rV ij fLFkr ;g lcls iqjkus ikuksa
esa ls ,d gSA ;g ,d o`Qf=ke iku gS ftls 1859 esa cuk;k
x;k FkkA rV osQ fudV mFkys ty osQ dkj.k ;g iku
fo'kky iksrksa osQ fy, vuqowQy ugha gSA rfeyukMq vkSj
ikafMpsjh blosQ i`"Bizns'k gSaA
rfeyukMq esa ubZ fodflr ,Uuksj iku psUubZ osQ
mkj esa 25 fd-eh- nwj psUubZ iku osQ ncko dks de djus
osQ fy, cukbZ xbZ gSA
rwrhdksfju iku dk fodkl Hkh psUubZ iku osQ ncko
dks de djus osQ fy, fd;k x;k FkkA ;g fofHkUu izdkj osQ
ukSHkkj dk fuiVku djrk gS ftlosQ varxZr dks;yk] ued]
[kk|kUu] [kk| rsy] phuh] jlk;u rFkk isVksfy;e mRikn
'kkfey gSaA

gokbZ vM~Ms
varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj esa ok;q ifjogu ,d egoiw.kZ Hkwfedk
fuHkkrk gSA bUgsa yach nwjh okys mPp ewY; okys ;k uk'koku
lkekuksa dks de ls de le; eas ys tkus o fuiVkus osQ fy,
ykHk izkIr gksrs gSAa ;g Hkkjh vkSj LFkwy oLrqvksa osQ ogu djus
osQ fy, cgqr egxk vkSj vuqi;qDr gksrk gSA ;gh dkj.k
varr% varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj eas egklkxjh; ekxks dh rqyuk esa bl
{ks=k dh Hkkxhnkjh dks ?kVk nsrk gSA
orZeku esa ns'k eas 12 varjkZ"Vh; gokbZ vM~Ms rFkk 112
?kjsyw gokbZ vM~Ms dk;Z dj jgs gSAa varjkZ"Vh; gokbZ ikuksa osQ
varxZr vgenkckn] ve`rlj] caxykSj] psUubZ] fnYyh] xksok]
xqokgkVh] gSnjkckn] dksfPp] dksydkrk] eqca bZ rFkk fr#ouariqje
vkrs gSaA
vki blls igys osQ v;k; esa ok;q ifjogu osQ ckjs
esa i<+ pqosQ gSaA vki ifjogu ij v;k; dks ns[ksa vkSj Hkkjr
eas ok;q ifjogu dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dks Kkr djsaA

vius fuokl LFkku ls fudVre ?kjsyw vkSj varjkZ"Vh; gokbZ ikuksa

osQ uke fy[ksAa lcls vfkd ?kjsyw gokbZ iku okys jkT; dh igpku
Hkh djsaA
mu pkj uxjksa dh igpku djsa] tgk lcls vfkd gokbZ ekxZ
vfHklkfjr gksrs gksa vkSj blosQ dkj.k Hkh crk,A

vH;kl
1.

uhps fn, x, pkj fodYiksa esa ls lgh mkj dks pqfu,A

(i)
nks ns'kksa osQ e; O;kikj dgykrk gS&
(d) varnsZ'kh; O;kikj
([k) ck O;kikj

(x) varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj

(?k) LFkkuh; O;kikj
varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj 133

(ii)

2.

3.

134

fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk ,d LFkyc iksrkJ; gS\

(d) fo'kk[kkiV~ue
(x) ,Uuksj
([k) eqacbZ
(?k) gfYn;k
(iii)
Hkkjr dk vf/dka'k fons'kh O;kikj ogu gksrk gS&
(d) LFky vkSj leqnz }kjk
([k) LFky vkSj ok;q }kjk
(x) leqnz vkSj ok;q }kjk
(?k) leqnz }kjk
(iv)
o"kZ 2003&04 esa fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu&lk Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikfjd Hkkxhnkj Fkk\
(d) ;wukbVsM foaQXMe
(x) teZuh
([k) phu
(?k) l-jk- vesfjdk
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa dk mkj yxHkx 30 'kCnksa esa nsaA
(i)
Hkkjr osQ fons'kh O;kikj dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk mYys[k dhft,A
(ii)
iku vkSj iksrkJ; esa varj crkb,A
(iii)
i`"Bizns'k osQ vFkZ dks Li"V dhft,A
(iv)
mu egoiw.kZ enksa osQ uke crkb, ftUgsa Hkkjr fofHkUu ns'kksa ls vk;kr djrk gS\
(v)
Hkkjr osQ iwohZ rV ij fLFkr ikuksa osQ uke crkb,A
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mkj yxHkx 150 'kCnksa esa nsaA
(i)
Hkkjr esa fu;kZr vkSj vk;kr O;kikj osQ la;kstu dk o.kZu dhft,A
(ii)
Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj dh cnyrh izo`Qfr ij ,d fVIi.kh fyf[k,A

Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk