, 2010, .

5, 3

3/2010

ISSN 1819-1487

.. , .. , .. , .. .
.. , .. , .. .

.. , .. , .. .


. . , . . , . . .
13
-[(1-R-3-C3H4)Pd(Me2C=O)2]+

18
26

30
34
41
45
50
57
62

.. , .. , .. , .. , .. ,
.. , .. , .. . 8-2- 2--
-
.. , .. , .. , .. . : . 2. . .. ,
. .. .. , .. , .. , .. .

. ..
. .. .. , .. .
. .. 2-- ()

. ..
.- . ..
. ..
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. ..
. ..
. ..
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10

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.. .

2006 .
.. .

, EXCEL

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N-(2--5-)-

. ..
.. , .. , .. .

.. , .. .

.. , .. , .. , .. .

:
.. , .. , .. , .. , .. ,
. ..
. : .. , .., .. .
PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3
. ..

. ..

69

75
77
79

.. , .. , .. , .. , .. , ..
, .. , .. , .. , .. .
-
-,

.. , .. , .. , .. .


.. , .. , .. , .. , .. , ..
.

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.. -, A.. , .. , .. , ..
.

.. , .. , .. , .. .
,

-

82

88
92
97
102

108

 , 2010, . 5, 3

Review
MITHT

3/2010
:
..
..
..
..

:
119571, . ,
. , 86,
. -119
: (495) 936-82-88
e-mail: vestnik@mitht.ru

CONTENTS
THEORETICAL BASED OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
P.G. Rumyantsev, V.I. Zhuchkov, A.K.Frolkova, A.V.Anisimov. Using gasliquid chromatrography to choose solvents for separation of biazeotropic
benzene perfluorobenzene mixture by extractive rectification
L.. Serafimov, .V. Frolkova, V.V. Illarionov. Elements of the set of diagrams
of binary systems
T.V. Chelyuskina, M.Yu. Marchenkova, A.A. Kulakova. Mathematical
simulation and research of vapor-liquid equilibrium in systems
ethanol/water/ethylenediamine and ethanol/water/butylamine
M.H. Elhussien, E.M. Evstigneeva, V.R. Flid. Linear free energy relationships
in theoretical NMR 13 spectra of sin-[(1-R-3-C3H4)Pd(Me2C=O)2]+ complexes

3
10
18
26

CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF INORGANIC MATERIALS

L.Yu. Alikberova, D.V. Albov, T.A. Antonenko, I.M. Kochetova, N.S. Rukk.
Thiourea complexes of neodymium(III) and gadolinium(III) iodides. synthesis
and structure
V.V. Apanasenko. The balance scheme of trichlorosilane production process
made in EXCEL
D.V. Bychenkov, S.A. Semenov, A.M. Reznik. Complextion of scandium upon
its extraction by N-(2-hydroxy-5-nonylbenzyl)--hydroxyethylmethylamine
(NBEA-2) from chloride solutions in octanol
A.Yu. Gervald, N.I. Prokopov, Yu.M. Shiryakina. Synthesis of
superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles
O.V.Petrakova, D. V. Drobot. Anodic dissolution of rhenium in
methanol/acetylacetone mixture
Yu.S. Suntsova, D.V. Bychenkov, S.A. Semenov, A.M. Reznik. Molecular design
of phenolic type extractants
D.N. Titov, L.G. Bruk, I.V. Oshanina, O.N. Temkin, G.M. Kuzmicheva,
Ya.V.Zubavichus, A.A. Veligzhanin, N.V. Sadovskaya. The state of palladium
and copper on the surface of freshly prepared low temperature carbon
monoxide oxidadation catalyst PdCl2-CuCl2/-Al2O3

30
34
41
45
50
57

62

CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY OF MEDICINAL COMPOUNDS AND

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

16.06.2010 . 60x90/8.
.
Times.
.
. . 4,4.
197.
500 .

D.S. Esipov, E.V. Sidorenko, O.V. Esipova, T.A. Gorbacheva,

T.S.Nevredimova, A.L. Krushinskiy, V.S. Kuzenkov, V.P. Reutov. Determining
8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine/2-deoxyguanosine ratio in DNA by reverse phase
HPLC combined with amperometric detection
D.S. Lutokhina, G.S. Veryasov, A.V. Bakhtin, Yu.M. Kiselev. Mass
spectrometry of metalloporphyrins. 2. Vapor pressure of cobalt, nickel, and
copper octaethylporphyrinates
L.A. Poruchikova, T.N. Liu, D.A. Bezrukov, A.P. Kaplun. Interaction of
spherical amorphous nanoparticles of birchbark triterpenoids with bilirubin
N.Yu. Rubanyak, E.Yu. Bulychev. Industrial synthesis of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine): problems and perspectives

69

75
77
79

SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING OF POLYMERIC COMPOSITES

119602, , . , 38, . 1

Z.B. Artykova, I.A. Gritskova, S.A. Gusev, L.Y. Basyreva, V.A. Sotchilin,
M.I.Shtilman, A.V. Goryachaya, G.P. Kheynman, S.A. Kedik, N.I. Prokopov. The
synthesis diagnostic test systems on the basis of polymer microspheres in the
presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone modified with an amino acid
M.Y. Boksha, M.M. Antipova, O.M. Popova, Y.A. Naumova. Investigation of
styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer and polyurethane compatibility in solutions
V.B. Ivanov, S.I. Voinov, A.A. Olkhov, M.V. Solin, M.A. Goldshtrakh,
S.V.Vlasov. Photooxidation of blends of vinyl alcohol vinyl acetate
copolymer with polyhydroxybutyrate.
T.V. Konovalova, V. D. Yulovskaya, O. A. Serenko. Influence of rubber nature
on properties of dynamic thermoplastic elastomer
I.D. Simonov-Emelianov, A.Y. Zarubina, A.N. Trofimov, P.V. Surikov,
L.K.Sheulova. Rheokinetics curing of epoxy oligomers produced by industry
with amine hardener.
I.Y. Skvortsov, L.B. Kandyrin, P.V. Surikov, V.N. Kuleznev. The composites
based on epoxy resin modified of low concentrations of carbon nanotubes and
their properties investigation.

82
88
92
97
102
108

 , 2010, . 5, 3

66.048.65

. . , , . . ,
, . . , , . . ,

. ..
e-mail:frolkova@mitht.ru


,
.
Gas-liquid chromatography was used for estimating the selectivity of solvents for the separation of
biazeotropic benzene perfluorobenzene mixture based on extractive rectification.The selected optimal solvents
enable two theoretically feasible variants of the mixture separation.
: , ,
, , , .
Key words: extractive rectification, separating agent, gas-liquid chromatography, stationary liquid phase,
selectivity, retention time.

S:

1.

( )
. ( )

, , ()
().
[1], , () [2],

- .
( , ) 1-2
()
, , ,
( 1 ,2 ).
,
1,2
( 1 ,2 , )

S 1,2( ) / 1,2

(1)
(I) (II),
I , , , , . [2] ,
.

, . () ( ), , , .
[3],

-
( , , , , -
).


(
,
.)

( 1 ,2 ), . , ,

, 3

 , 2010, . 5, 3

(
,

).


.
,
, .
,
,
., [4,5]
.

1-2 1-2-.
,
[2].
,

1 2,
1 1, 2 2, 1 2
1,2( ), .

. ,
1-2
:
( )
1-2 1-2- ( 1-2- )
1-2.




.

( )
.

[7]:
VR V0 V K R ,
(2)
: VR , Vo
, V , R .
KR

R:

(
), ,
.
,

(, [6], [5],
[5]).


- , : (
() ) 1 2
1-2- ( 1-2-).

1 2
, ,

K R VVT

VR VO j ,

(3)

: VV (
), j
, (VR V0)j
, V
[7].
R


:

KR

RTN
,
p R0 R

(4)

: N (

), R

o
, pR
.
(3) (4),

R

R :
4

 , 2010, . 5, 3

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.
p VR Vo j

o
R

: t 2 t1 1 2
.
(8) .
,

. , , ,

- . 1-2-
, , ,
,
.
1-2-,
.

(5)

(VR Vo) R

t R :

VR t RV t oV t RV ,
: VR
R; V ; tR
R; t0
.

R , R ,
:

RTN V
.
p Ro jt RV

(6)

,
. ,

.


.
,

1,2

p10 1
,
p20 2

2.
2.1. .
.
,

.

[5].
:


1 2

.
N [6], 15%
( ),
-1 [6] (
),
20% .

N- (0.16-0.2 )
15% . 1 (
5/3 ).

100.
, -

(7)

.
1 2
,
, 1 2
1 2 1 2
, 1, 2 1 2
.
(6),
t R
, () S :

1 t 2 p20
,

2 t1 p10

(8)

 , 2010, . 5, 3

,
.

.
100
: 80,
150, 170. -
(40 /), 0.2-0.4 .
(-)
( )
( ) ( t1 ),

). (99.89%)
,

-. Agilent 5973N
-1 (0.32 ; 50 ; 0.52 ;
)
- NIST-98.
(99%) -
(-,
, )
,

( ,
, 1-).
. ,
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...
.
2.2. .


,

. ,

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, :

( ,
), , , , .

.

,
,

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,
,
[11].

( t 2 ) (,
t0).
t1 (t1 t0 ) t 2 (t2 t0 )
S t 2 t1 ( 20 / 10 )=const
).
,
. .

.
-550 3.5 (
5/3.5 ), -1 5%
SE-30.
( -).
...
.
, ,


( ),
.
,
,
.
.

... -500
(0.32 ; 100 ; 0.52
; 6

 , 2010, . 5, 3

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[5, 6]. , - ,
.


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[2],
,

[5, 6].


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3-7, . 1)
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( 8) [8]
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1. S1,2 ( )
- .

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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

()

-4

Kel-F-10
-1

t0
28.5
28.4
26.5
32.0
27.0
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33.0
33.4
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18.0

-1.
,
: -1 1.2 ,
.


, , -

-1. ,
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+ -1,
,
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-1 , ,

t1
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53.0

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35.0

t 2
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0.77

.
.

(
) Kel-F-10 [6]

100.
-
.1 ( 9) .
2.3. .
. 1 ,
1-8

,


.
: ()
() .
7

 , 2010, . 5, 3

, , .
,
.

.


[9]
( 60 36.7%
.), ( 60
7.07% .).



.

,
,


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[5].


. ,
(, 3)

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.
(3.6)


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, k [7, 12]

, .
() -4 (-4)

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-4,

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.
()
() - 2.1,
,
, , . ,

.
,
,

-
[8].
, ,
,

.

- Kel-F-10 ( 9) ,

1.7
.


: ,
. ,

,
,
( Kel-F-10
5.8, 3.3).
, -

. ( k ti t0 ) ,
, 0.19 0.68 ,


().

,

.

8

 , 2010, . 5, 3

.

, ,
9F20 (=125) 10F22 (=238-240) [10].
,

( ).
2. (
) -1,
KelF-10. Kel-F-10

-
( ).
3. ,
,
[8]

-
- --.

3.

:
1. - -

.
1. , . .
/ . . , . .
// . . . 1997. . 31, 2. . 193201.
2. , . . / . . . . : , 1971.
432 .
3. , . .
/ . . , . . , . . // .
. . 2009. . 43, 6. . 648657.
4. , . . / . .
. .: , 1986. 239 .
5. , . . / . . . . :
, 1985. 239 .
6. , . . : / . . . . : , 1978.
440 .
7. , . . / . . . . : , 1978.
247 .
8. - / . . [
.] // . . 2004. 5. . 911.
9. , . . : 3 . / . . , . . , . .
. . 1, . 2. . . : . , 1962. 502 .
10. . 5 . . 5. . : . , 1967. 595 .
11. : . . / . . . . . :
, 1989. 503 .
12. / . . [ .]. . : , 1993. 464 .

 , 2010, . 5, 3

66.048:548

.. , , .. , ,
.. ,

. ..
e-mail: illarionovvv@inbox.ru
: , ,
-, - , - .
.
All the possible elements of the set of binary systems (ideal, zeotropic, mono-, bi-, triazeotropic, homoand heterogeneous) were explored. The overall amount of the possible types of diagrams of binary systems was
calculated.
: , , ,
.
Key words: azeotropy, thermodynamics of heterophase balance, equilibrium, stratifying, binary systems.

,
(, , ),
(
[1]),
(-, - [25] [6]).
, -,

.. [7].
.
,
, .
, .. , .
, , . .. [8], .. [9], , [10]
[11].
[9].
, [11].
,
, , [12].
.. [11] ,
,
,
[1315].

,

, [9, 10, 1619],

, .


[12, 20].
,
, ,
.
,
. ,
- - , , .
.1 ,
[21], -lnP10/P20.

: ln1=(1-1)2 ln2=12,
.
, .

.
.
, ,
, .
. =0,
, 1=1, 2=1.
. 1.
(, )

, . (. 1).
10

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. 1. ,
.

P101/ P202=1,

,
1/2=P20 /P10. , P20
/P10 ,
(. 1), ,
, .

.
. , ,
ln1= ln2=1
P20 P10, . = P20 +P10.
[22] - NRTL .

. 2.
,
(

).
.

. 2.
NRTL ,
[22].

11

 , 2010, . 5, 3
)
G

)
G

)
G

)
G

)
G

. 3.
(), () (-).

G.
G>0,
; G<0
(.3 ).

,
G<0 G>0 (.3 -).
,

.
(-),
, .

.
,
G>0

. ,
. 3,
,
G>0,
G<0.

. . 4

(), (
) ( ).

. 4. .

. 4 , . 4 ,
(. 3)
(. 3),
(. 3-), .4 .
. 4
, - . 3. ,
( . 4)
, . 3, , G>0.
. 4 .3.

-, - . [23] ,
, 10>20,

(. 5),
(. 5). 1<2 [23].
[23] . .

12

 , 2010, . 5, 3

1)

GE

GE

GE

GE

1
*

GE

GE

1
1

GE

2)

1
*

1
*

. 5.
(), () (-)
1<2.
13

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. 5

. :
- :
1<2, ,
;
- :
1<2,
,
,

( * -1 . 1), , ,
( 2- * . 2);
- :
1<2, , , -

,
,
,

, ;
- : ,
,
1<2,

* -1 ( );
- :
,
,
2- *.
,
GE>0,

(. 6).

.6.
. I-III , IV, V .

I, II
(. 6) , 1, (.5);
III 2; , IV V .5.
(.5) ,
.
. .7
. , .


:
- :

, ,

. (), , ,

1<2,
;
- :
, ..
,
, ,

1<2,
.

.7;
- :
-

14

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. 7.
. (, , , , ,
).

, , . ,

, *-1

. ,
,
;
-
, -

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(
).
(. 8).
I II . 8 , , .
7, III IV .7, V-VI . 7.

. 8.
(I-IV , V, VI ).
15

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. 9.
.

. 10. (I-IV, IX X ,
V-VIII ).

.
(. 9).
, ,

,
,
, )
1<2,
, ( )
, .
-

(. 10). .9 I-VIII, .9 IX X.


. ,
,
61.

10-08-00785-.
16

 , 2010, . 5, 3

:
GE - ; P0
; ;
; ; ;
.
:
1, 2, 3 .
:
1. , . / . : . . / . . .
. . : , 1969. 239 .
2. Gaw, W. J. Thermodynamic properties of binary systems containing hexafluorobenzene / W. J. Gaw,
F. I. Swinton // Trans. Faraday Soc. 1968. Vol. 64, 8. P. 20232024.
3. Srivastava, R. Total pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium data for binary systems / R. Srivastava, B. D.
Smith // J. of Chem. Eng. Data. 1985. Vol. 30, 3. P. 308313.
4. / . . ,
. . , . . , . . // . . . 1992. . 66, 3. . 832835.
5. / . . , . . ,
. . , . . // . . . 1993. , 66, 1. . 171176.
6. , . . -c, / . . , . . // . . 1970. . 192, 6. . 1311
7. C, . . / . . . : . . /
. . . . . : , 1968. 244 .
8. , . . -
/ . . // . . . 1958. . 32, 9. . 19801996.
9. , . . - / . . , . .
. . : , 1975. 239 .
10. , . .
: . . . . :
02.00.08 / . ., 1967. 44 .
11. , . . VII. / . . // . . . 1970. . 44, 4. . 10211027.
12. , . . -
/ . . // . . . 2002. . 76, 8. . 13511365.
13. , . .
/ . . , . . , . . // . . 1983. . 269, 1.
. 129132.
14. , . . -
/ . . , . . ,
. . // . . . 1971. . 5, 3. . 368372.
15. , . . -
/ . . , . . , . . // . . . 1988.
. 22, 4. . 535542.
16. , . . - / . . // . . . 1987. . 21, 1. . 7485.
17. , . .
/ . . , . . . . : , 1992. 452 .
18. . / . . ,
. . , . . , . . . . : , 1993. 412 .
19. Serafimov, L.A. Thermodynamic and Topological Analysis of Liquid-Vapor Phase Equilibrium
Diagrams and Problems of Rectification of Multicomponent Mixtures. Chapter 10. Mathematical Methods
in contemporary chemistry. Gordon and Breach Publishers, 1996. . 557.
20. , . . -
/ . . // . . . 2002. . 76,
8. . 13511365.
21. / . , . , . , . : . . /
. . . . . : , 1962. 439 .
22. , . . --
NRTL / . . , . . // . . . 1997. . 71,
4. . 637641.
23. , . . / . .
, . . // . . . 2003. . 37, 3. . 272277.
17

 , 2010, . 5, 3

541.123

--
--
.. , , .. , ,
.. ,

. ..
e-mail: cheluskina@mitht.ru
NRTL
-- --,

.
Wilson and NRTL model parameters for binary components of ethanol-water-ethylenediamine and
ethanol-water-butylamine systems were estimated. Besides, the mathematical simulation of vapor-liquid
equilibrium in binary and ternary systems under atmospheric pressure was realized.
:

,
,

,
, , , .
Key words: mathematical simulation, azeotrope, phase diagram, vapor-liquid equilibrium, model parameters,
binary system, ternary system.

, , , , ,
.

,

, ,
.
()
.

.

,


[1].
,

[2].
[3]
[4, 5]. , , -

.

: ()
() () ()
() (). :

,
;
;

.

--

-- [6, 7].

( ,
, .),
. .
( ,
- , , - ),

, , .

- . , ,
,
18

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. ,
,
. [6, 7] ,
,
.

, ,
( UNIFAC)

NRTL --
-- ,
.
,
, , ,
.
,

(, )
(, . .) .


()
1, 2 = f(x1),

.

-- -- .
-
,
.


= 760 . . [8].

NRTL,
. . 1

,
.

1. (1)-(2) NRTL.
( )




Wilson
NRTL
Wilson
NRTL
, 1, ..
,
1, ..
,
1, ..
,
1, ..
0.14
0.0060
0.13
0.0031
0.15
0.0051
0.13
0.0021
, ,
-.
NRTL
,

[3]. , (. 2) ,
[9] (
0.8940 .. =78.10 78.15) , .

2. (1)- (2),
NRTL.

, ..
.,

Wilson
NRTL
Wilson
NRTL
0.8900

0.9150

0.8800

0.9200

78.10

78.20

78.04

78.23

,

. ,
, - -

.
. 1

, .
,
0.8900 .. 78.10.
19

 , 2010, . 5, 3
105

100
0.8

x1, .

90

y1,..

85

1, ..

95
0.6
0.4
0.2

80
75

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.2

0.4

1 , 1 ..

0.6

0.8

1 , ..
()

()

. 1. = f (x1, y1) (), y1 = f (x1) () (1)-(2)

= 760 . .

- 20
.
[6, 10], ( UNIFAC) = 760 . . -

NRTL,
, ,
,
,
- (. 3).

3. (1)-(2),
NRTL.





Wilson
NRTL
Wilson
NRTL

,
..
.,

0.4200

0.4050

0.4200

0.4100

121.11

120.5

121.31

120.68

. 2 = f(1,
1) y1 = f(x1) - ,
. ,
0.4200 .. 121.11.

[9]
: 0.444 . . =118.7.
,


.

120

0.8

115

1, ..
1, ..

110

1 , ..

125

0.6
0.4

105

0.2

100

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1 , ..
1 , 1 , ..
()
()
. 2. = f(x1, y1) (), y1 = f(x1) () (1)-(2)
= 760 . .
20

 , 2010, . 5, 3

-
20, ; [6, 7] 760
. . .

.
-,

[6],
NRTL (
).
,
( UNIFAC),
NRTL (. 4).

4. (1)-(2) NRTL.
( )




Wilson
NRTL
Wilson
NRTL
,
1, ..
,
1, ..
,
1, ..
,
1, ..
0.10
0.0017
0.14
0.0022
0.07
0.0015
0.18
0.0024
,
,
NRTL. ,

. -, (. 3).
1

120
115

0.8

110
100

1,.

95

1,.

1, ..

105

0.6
0.4

90
85

0.2

80

75
0

0.2 0.4

0.6 0.8

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1 , ..
()

1 , 1, ..
()

. 3. = f (x1, y1) (), y1 = f (x1) () (1)-(2)

= 760 . .

20,
.


= 760 . . [6],

NRTL -

. ,

(. 5) (. 6), [6, 7] ( 0.41 .. =81.8).

5. (1)-(2) NRTL.
( )




Wilson
NRTL
Wilson
NRTL
,
1, ..
,
1, ..
,
1, ..
,
1, ..
0.84
0.0068
1.00
0.0134
1.07
0.0141
1.09
0.0138

21

 , 2010, . 5, 3

6. (1)- (2),
NRTL.





Wilson
NRTL
Wilson
NRTL
0.4250
0.4850
0.4850
0.4850
83.04
83.18
83.28
83.36

, ..
.,

. 4
-, -

. ,
0.4250 .. 83.04.

84

83

0.8

81

1, ..

80

1, ..

1 , ..

82

0.6
0.4

79

0.2

78

77
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1 , ..

1 , 1 , ..
()

()

. 4. = f(x1, y1) (), y1 = f(x1) () (1)-(2) = 760 . .

-
20
. -

=760 . . [6, 7, 11]. . 7 [6],
.

7. (1)-(2) NRTL.
( )




Wilson
NRTL
Wilson
NRTL
,
1, ..
,
1, ..
,
1, ..
,
1, ..
0.84
0.0277
0.96
0.0349
0.88
0.0285
0.95
0.0356
,

.
. [6, 7] (
0.93 .. =76.7) ,

(. 8).
,

--
,
-
.

8. (1)- (2),
NRTL.

, ..
.,

Wilson
NRTL
Wilson
NRTL
0.9650

0.9100

77.44

77.45

22

 , 2010, . 5, 3
1.0

105
100

0.8

90

1, ..

85

1, ..

1 , ..

95

80

0.6
0.4
0.2

75

0.0
70

0.0
0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

1 , 1 , ..

0.8

0.2

1.0

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1 , ..

()
()
. 5. = f (x1, y1) (), y1 = f (x1) () (1)-(2)
= 760 . .

= f(x1, y1)
y1 = f(x1) -
. 5.
,


- --,

,

.
, , .
9.
- --.
(. 10).
9. .

Aij
299.71
-538.201
-916.22
-677.02
1166.4

Aji
970.53
1753
264.55
1651.9
1093.6

10. -- -- .

1
0.0543
0.0170

( )
, ..
2
3
(1) (2) (3)
0.0332
0.0362
(1) (2) (3)
0.0147
0.0203

,



. - (=const).
. 6 () 7 ()
- = 760 . . -- -, . , ,

3.93
0.56

- ( , ), ;
,
( - - , - ).

(. 6 () 7 ()), 23

 , 2010, . 5, 3

- - ,

--

-- (
0.3200 . ., 0.4200

.=81.85). [9]
: 0.3350 . ., 0.4590 . .
.=81.8. ,
--.

()

()

. 6. --: () -,
() .

()

()

. 7. --: () -,
() .

:
1. . ,
,

.
2. , -

, .
3.
-
.

(2009-2010
), 6880.
24

 , 2010, . 5, 3

:
;
; ; ;
; Az ; 1, 2 ; .. .
:
1. , . .
/ . . , . . //
-17 : . . XVII . ., , , 1 3 2004. , 2004. . 9.
. 56.
2. , . .
/ . . , . . , . . // . . . 2007. . 81, 6.
. 971977.
3. , . . / . . , . .
, . . . .: , 1989. 344 .
4. , . . NRTL
/ . . , . . , . .
// . . . 2002. . 36, 4. . 388394.
5. , . .
/ . . , . . , . . // .
. . 2003. . 37, 2. . 174183.
6. , . . -
(
) : . . : 05.343 : 26.06.72 : . 26.08.72 /
. ., 1972. 224 .
7. , . . .
/ . . , . . , . . // . 1972. . 2, . 2. .
102106.
8. , . . : 2 . / . . , . . , .
. . . 1. . . : , 1966. 1426 .
9. , . . : / . . , . . , .
. . . : , 1971. 848 .
10. , . . - :
/ . . . . : . 2007. 32 .
11. , . . - : / . . , . .
, . . . . : , 1987. 336 .

25

 , 2010, . 5, 3

544.163.2:544.163.3:544.142.3:544.176:544.473-039.63-386:544.182.32

13
-[(1-R-3-C3H4)Pd(Me2C=O)2]+
. . , , . . , , . . ,

. ..
. ..
e-mail:eme2003@list.ru
13

3
+
( DFT) -[(1-R- -C3H4)Pd(Me2C=O)2] -
+
+
, - R , R F.
13
Both theoretical values of NMR chemical shifts and frontier orbital energies (DFT method) for syn-[(1-R3
+
+
-C3H4)Pd(Me2C=O)2] follow one- and two-parameter linear regressions which involve and constants, as
+
well as Swain-Lupton parameters R , R and F.

: DFT, , , 13
, , .
13
Key words: DFT, substituent constants, Hammett equation, Swain-Lupton parameters, NMR C, allyl
complexes of palladium

: , , , 1,4 , . [1].
,
.
(, , -

R
1

Pd
(Me)2C

) , , . ,
(1)
[(1-R-3-C3H4)PdCl2]-
[(1-R-3C3H4)PdCl]2
13,
(.) (3)
[2].

R = Me (a), Ph (b), CH2OMe (c),

CO2Me (d), COMe (e), CHO (f),
C2H (g),CF3 (h), COCl (i)

C(Me)2

1
((3)) = const + RR+(R-) + FF
(2)
, ,
[4], (3) (4), ,
,
R+ F.
. (C(3)) = 59.84 + 10.22 (0.748R+ (3)
-0.252F), r = 0.9448, n = 5
. (C(3)) = 57.68 + 7.08 (0.680R- +
(4)
+0.320F), r = 0.9296, n = 5

1 , ,
-

1
1b
[4].
.
(3) ( ) Pd-C(3)
1a-f,
DFT [4].
,
+ -
(R+ R-)
(F) (
-),
(1) [3]. (3)
(2),
R/F
.
+ = R+ + F
- = R- + F
(1)
26

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. ,
, .,
(DFT)
[4], , 15 ..

, [4]

(2)
1g-i.

1. () 1 (B3LYP/Gen).

Pd-C(1)

Pd-C(2)

1g

2.201

2.165

1h

2.140

2.161

1i
*)
**)

Pd-C(3)

C(1)-C(2)

C(2)-C(3)

Pd-*

Pd-**

2.160

1.419

1.406

2.209

2.201

2.176

1.415

1.403

2.184

2.177

2.157
2.165
2.182
1.418
1.402
2.181
- CHR .
- CHR .

2.171

2. ( ) 1 (B3LYP/Gen).

C(1)

C(2)

C(3)

Pd

1g

-0.390

-0.110

-0.185

0.235

-0.346

-0.353

1h

-0.352

-0.122

-0.160

0.226

-0.362

-0.357

1i

-0.251

-0.100

-0.165

0.247

-0.360

-0.356

3. 13
1 (B3LYP/Gen).
(), ..

C(1)

C(2)

C(3)

1g

76.4

124.4

69.4

1h

79.0

121.4

77.4

1i

77.1

123.4

77.9

-
GAUSSIAN-03 [5]
DFT ( B3LYP [6, 7])
Gen = LANL2DZ(Pd) + 6311G**(H,C,O,Cl) .
,
. (. 1)
(. 2) (GIAO).
..,
. 3, :
= iso(Si(CH3)4) iso,
iso(Si(CH3)4)=184.5 ..

Si(CH3)4, Gen.
,
13
p,
(5) [8]:

e 2 2
r 3 2 p Qij ,
2 2
2m c E
j i

(5)

E ,
r 2 p , 2p--

, Qij , .

p,
[9]. ,
(13)
,
Pd-C
[4]. . 1 2,
.
, 1g-i, 1a-f,
R
Pd-C(3), Pd- Pd- (. 1). Pd , Pd-, 0.01 ,
- R.

27

 , 2010, . 5, 3

R [10], [11].

. 1.
(3) 1 Pd-C(3).

(-5.351)

84

. (3 ), ..

80

76

72

68

-0.19

-0.18

-0.17

(-10.277)
1

-0.16

C(3 ), ..

. 2.
(3) 1 C(3)
.

(. 2)
(. 3) [4]. . 3
(6) (7).
,
+ COMe - CH2OMe. ,

, , (6) (7), .
. (C(3)) = 74.38 + 20.06 (0.788R+ (6)
-0.212F), r = 0.9042, n = 8
.

(C(3)) = 68.02 + 22.19 (0.162R +

(7)
+0.838F), r = 0.8698, n = 8
(3), (4), (6) (7)
.
-, (3)
(6)
(3) 1a-i. -,
. .,
(3) (6) R/F (3.0 -3.7, ). -, R/F -

(-6.545)

(-10.961)
1i
. 3. 1,
()
0.2.

(5),

() ().
28

 , 2010, . 5, 3

,
(. 5). ,
,
Me- 1,

, ,
(. 3).

5. 1 - [3] (n
, r ).

r
n
1.
*
-9.326 3.736 (0.008R+ + 0.992F)
0.9761
7
2.
-9.124 4.823 (-0.061R - 0.939F)
0.9371
7
3.
-9.310 3.606F
0.9335
8
4.

-5.434 1.721 (0.434R- + 0.566F)

5.
-5.456 0.8 6.
-5.554 2.002 (0.430R+ + 0.570F)
7.
-5.680 0.896 +
*) 1 .

-5.2

0.9896
0.9891
0.9617
0.9544

8
8
8
8

,
,

, , .

-5.6

-6.0

-6.4
1

-0.4

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

( 08-03-00743 10-03-01035).

1.6

. 4. 1
.

:
1. Handbook of organopalladium chemistry for organic synthesis : in 2 v. / red. E.-i. Negshi. NY :
Wiley, 2002. 3424 p.
2. , . . 13 [(1-R3
-C3H4)PdCl]2 Na[(1-R-3-C3H4)PdCl2] / . . , . .
// . . . . 2008. . 57, 6. . 11711174.
3. Hansch, C. A survey of Hammett substituent constants and resonance and field parameters / C.
Hansch, A. Leo, R. W. Taft // Chem. Rev. 1991. Vol.91, 2. P.165195.
4. , . . 3-
13 - / . . ,
. . , . . // . . . . 2009. . 58, 3. C. 539546.
5. GAUSSIAN 03. Revision B.03. Gaussian : Pittsburg, PA. 2003.
6. Becke, A. D. Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange / A. D. Becke // J.
Chem. Phys. 1993. Vol .98, 7. P. 56485653.
7. Lee, C. Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the
electron density / C. Lee, W. Yang, R. G. Parr // Phys. Rev. B. 1988. Vol. 37, 1. P.785789.
8. Karplus, M. Theory of Carbon NMR Chemical Shifts in Conjugated Molecules / M. Karplus, J. A.
Pople // J. Chem. Phys. 1963. Vol. 38, 12. P. 28032807.
9. , . . / . . . . : , 1984. 478 .
10. Shorter, J. Correlation Analysis of Organic Reactivity. With particular reference to multiple
regression / J. Shorter. NY : Wiley, 1982. 235 p.
11. Transition metal NMR chemical shifts and polarizability effect in organometallic complexes / A. N.
Egorochkin [et al.] // Magn. Reson. Chem. 2009. Vol. 47, 9. P.782790.
29

 , 2010, . 5, 3

541.49+546.121+547.496.3

.. , , *.. , ,
.. , , .. , , .. ,
, . ..
*
, . ..
e-mail: alikberovalyu@mail.ru
,
[Nd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2
[Gd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2. ,
( ), -. ,
,
, -.
- .
Data concerning the synthesis, IR-spectra, and single crystal X-ray studies for neodymium iodide and
gadolinium iodide thiourea complexes of the general composition [Ln(H2O)9]I3 2CS(NH2)2 (Ln = Nd, Gd) are
presented. It has been demonstrated that in the solid state the title compounds are composed from
3+
[Ln(H2O)9] cations (polyhedron: monocapped tetragonal antiprism) as well as from non-coordinated thiourea
molecules and iodide ions. Due to hydrogen bond formation mutually perpendicular flat molecules of thiourea are
combined into goffered layers, nonaaquacations of lanthanides and iodide-ions being located in the cavities
between these layers. The existence of hydrogen bonding between the mentioned species has been underlined.
: , , , ,
, -, .
Key words: neodymium(III) iodide, gadolinium(III) iodide, thiourea, complexes, crystal structure, IR spectra,
synthesis.

, ,
CS(NH2)2, , , [1]. ,
,

. ,
:
(
). ,
, .

, ,
,
[27]. ,
LnI3 CS(NH2)2 H2O (Ln La, Gd, Er,
Tb, Nd) 0 [5 7] -

LnI32CS(NH2)210H2O.
,
[Ln(H2O)9]3+,

.

.


.


, [7]
14 3 ( 609-3975-75).

LnI39H2O CS(NH2)2
1:1.7 1:1.8.


.
30

 , 2010, . 5, 3

Gd -
Nd.
10
15% (.) LnI3
[5, 6].

[5];
. 0.2%.
02 400
3800 1.

.

CAD4 [8]
(AgK MoK-, , -). 25
1415 ( ) 1112 ( ).


(. 1), 1
2
.

1. [Nd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2 (I) [Gd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2 (II).

Ln
Nd
Gd

, . %
Ln
CS(NH2)2
17.19
18.12
18.45
17.86

, . %
Ln
CS(NH2)2
17.1
18.1
18.3
17.8

LnI3 :
CS(NH2)2
1 : 2.00
1 : 2.01

I II . 2.
,
LnI32CS(NH2)210H2O [5

7], I II
LnI32CS(NH2)210H2O (Ln La,
Gd, Er, Tb, Nd). ,
CS ,
[5, 6]

.
.
.
2. (1)
[Nd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2 (I) [Gd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2 (II).
CS(NH2)2

I
II
488
465
491
(NCN)
632
(CS)
730
717
716
(CS)
1035
1034
1084
(CN)
1089
1091
1378
1398
1414
(CN) + (HOH)
1445
1464
1473
1466
1485
(CN)
1618
1611
1610
(NH2)
3175
3161
3200
3277
(NH) + (OH)
3368
3400
3380

. 3. - .
WinGX [9].

SHELX97 [10].

.

.
[Ln(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2 (Ln = Nd, Gd)
: CCDC 756954 (I), 756953 (II)
(http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk; e-mail: data_request@
ccdc.cam.ac.uk).
31

 , 2010, . 5, 3

3. ,
[Nd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2 (I) [Gd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2 (II).
I
II

C2 H26 I3 N4 Nd O9 S2
C2 H26 Gd I3 N4 O9 S2

839.33
852.21

C 2/c
C 2/c
a,
24.864(5)
24.801(10)
b,
8.424(3)
8.3830(19)
c,
14.114(4)
14.079(8)
124.58(3)
124.56(3)
, .
V, 3
2433.9(12)
2411(2)
T, K
293(2)
293(2)
Z
4
4
2.291
2.298
., /3

MoK
AgK
3.252
6.750
(K), 1
1.5-20
2-26
, .
-28 h 30;
-30 h 9

-10 k 9
-9 k 10
-13 l 17
-14 l 17
,
0.2 x 0.2 x 0.2
0.3 x 0.3 x 0.3

4427
4752

2302
2361

2011
2179

98
99
GooF
1.087
1.099
R- R1/wR2[I2(I)]
0.0439/0.0375
0.0406/0.0374
1.477 / -1.306
2.383 / -1.625
max/min, /3
MERCURY CSD
1.5 [12], . 1 ([Gd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2)
2 ([Nd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2).

. 1.
[Nd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2 (I).
d,:
Nd(1)O(1) = 2.497(5); Nd(1)O(2) = 2.490(4);
Nd(1)O(3) = 2.482(4); Nd(1)O(4) = 2.490(4);
Nd(1)O(5) = 2.478(4); S(1) C(1) = 1.704(8); N(1)
C(1) = 1.247(10); N(2)C(1) = 1.293(11) .
(.) I:
N(1)C(1)N(2) = 116.4(8); N(1)C(1)S(1) =
121.8(6); N(2)C(1)S(1) = 121.8(6).

. 2.
[Gd(H2O)9]I32CS(NH2)2 (II).
d,:
Gd(1)O(1) = 2.457(4); Gd(1)O(2) = 2.444(4);
Gd(1)O(3) = 2.449(4); Gd(1)O(4) = 2.428(5);
Gd(1)O(5) = 2.467(5); S(1) C(1) = 1.679(9); N(1)
C(1) = 1.290(11); N(2)C(1) = 1.273(11) .
(.)
II: N(1)C(1)N(2) = 112.0(9); N(1)C(1)S(1) =
124.3(7); N(2)C(1)S(1) = 123.7(6).

( ), . , -

, -
(2.890 3.003 ), 32

 , 2010, . 5, 3

;
( . 3

). ,
4.135 . [2, 3] .

CS(NH2)2,
1.33 . NCN


CS(NH2)2, 115.6.
.
, . 3,
, -.

,
, 0 ( 10,
9 ). ,
, ,
. , 0 [57],


. ,
0, . ,

( )
, - .

,
.

. 3. I:
b.

,
, . , CS
,
1.71 (. 1 2). CN

: 1.246 1.294 (I), 1.272 1.290 (II)

:
1. , . .
/ . . , . . // .
. . -. 1999. . 2. . 6877.
2. ()(III) [Sm(C2H3O2)3(H2O)]
SC(NH2)2 / . . [ .] // . . . 1981. . 22, 5. . 120123.
3.
.
[La(C2H3O2)3(H2O)2] SC(NH2)2 / . . [ .] // . . .
1980. . 21, 3. . 120126.
4. , . .
/ . . , . . //
: . . . . . 1983. 202. . 6668.
5. 0 . / . .
[ .] // . . . 1988. . 33, 3. . 777779.
6. , 0
. / . . [ .] // . . . 1992. . 37, 8. . 19111913.
7. Studies on the interaction of neodymium and terbium iodides with thiocarbamide / N. Tang, L. Yu.
Alikberova, G. P. Loginova, B. D. Stepin, M. Y. Tan // Books of Abstr. XXV Intern. Conf. on
Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing, China. Nanjing. 1987. P. 586.
8. Enraf-Nonius CAD-4 Software. Version 5.0. Enraf-Nonius, Delft, The Netherlands, 1989.
9. Farrugia, L. J. WinGX. X-Ray Crystallographic Programs for Windows / L. J. Farrugia // J. Appl.
Cryst. 1999. Vol. 32. P. 837.
10. Sheldrick G.M. SHELXS97 and SHELXL97. - University of Gttingen. Germany. - 1997.
11. MERCURY CSD 1.5. Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk.
33

 , 2010, . 5, 3

66.011:661.68

, EXCEL
.. ,

e-mail: asla_new@rambler.ru
Excel Microsoft Office ,
.
, , .

, ..,
.
The balance scheme of trichlorosilane production based on hydrochlorination of elemental silicon was
worked out with the use of Microsoft Excel. The scheme includes the following steps: synthesis of hydrogen
chloride, synthesis of trichlorosilane, separation of vapor-gas mixture and purification of trichlorosilane. If the user
modifies the calculation conditions, the scheme allows to re-count automatically the material flows, specific
consumption coefficients etc., and also to check the correspondence between the balance data obtained in the
calculation process and required indices of production.
: , , Excel, , .
Key words: trichlorosilane, balance scheme, Excel, calculation, material balance.

() , .

.

,
:
Si + 3HCl = SiHCl3 + H2.
(1)
,

: ,
Si + 4HCl = SiCl4 + 2H2
(2)
Si + 2HCl = SiH2Cl2,
(3)

(Si2Cl6, Si3Cl8, Si2HCl5 ). ()

Si2Cl6, :
2Si + 6HCl = Si2Cl6 + 3H2.
(4)
()
, , , .
:
H2 + Cl2 = 2HCl.
(5)


[1],
[2]
:
,

(). ,
HCl. ,

, . ,
HCl, .
[1].

,

. ,
SiHCl3
,
, , ,

. ,

.
,
(
).

,
[3].

,
(,

..),
Excel Microsoft Office.
34

 , 2010, . 5, 3

, .
Excel
: ,
..
,

. , -

,
.
Excel


[4]. ,

. -


,
Excel (. 13).

. 1. . Synthesis of HCl.

. 2. . Synthesis of SiHCl3.
35

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. 3. .
Separation and purification.

,
, , () . ,

, .
. 13
( , ..) , , [1]. 12000 .
Excel
:
1) Excel

;

2) Excel ,

,


Excel ,

.
, ,
, , ,
Excel;
3) , ,
-
,
, , ..

36

 , 2010, . 5, 3

, .. = 100 H8 H10 H11 (13.70 %).

SiHCl3,
,
(H8:H11)
. , SiCl4 (I20)
: = I19/H8*H9 (2135.90
/). SiH2Cl2
Si2Cl6 ( I21, I22).
,

( D16:D18, . 3), ..

.
( I28,
. 3) 35.86 /. ,
(I49)
10.91 /. ,
SiCl4 .


Si2Cl6 [3]. SiCl4 (I27)

,
(I28) Si2Cl6
(H6 25.0 %), (
), : = I28*((100 H6)/H6)
I29 I30 (97.66 /).
(I23)
SiCl4,

(D16),
(I27) 2038.24 /.
, ( I24, .
2), 1 4,

(I19:I22) HCl SiHCl3 (H7), : = (I19/H19*3 +
I20/H20*4 + I21/H21*2 + I22/H22*6)*H24/H7*
(100 H7), 154.22 /.

(D31, . 2).
D31 : = I24.
HCl (D25) HCl, 1 4, : = (I19/H19*3 +
I20/H20*4 + I21/H21*2 + I22/H22*6)*C25
(12697.81 /).
,

Excel.

-
, .


.

, ..

,
(12000
/), H3 . 3.
,

, , .. SiHCl3
. (I19)
,
(H3)
SiHCl3 (H5),
SiHCl3 (H9) : = H3/(100
H5 H9)*H5 (1340.78 /).

(I48): = H3/(100 H5 H9)*H9 (67.04
/). SiHCl3 , (D15),

: = I15 + I19 + I48 (13407.82 /).

( E J )
.
, E15: = D15/C15*22.4
SiHCl3
/ . 3/
( C15)
(22.4 .
3/).
,
/ (C
H) , .
SiHCl3

( I19, . 2), ..
: = 'Separation and purification'!D15,
Separation and purification
Excel (. 3).
,
, ..
.
( H8, . 2),
(H10) (H11)
,
,
,
,
[1].
(H9)
37

 , 2010, . 5, 3

(D25, . 2 I10, . 1) (. 1).

,
HCl ( D9, . 1)
5: 12346.80 /.


[1] ( H3 5.0 %), HCl
H2 (I11), : =I10/H10/2*H11*(100+
H3)/100 D9/C9*H11 (17.55 /).
, ,
, H2 (
I23, . 2) ,
, H2, 1, 2, 4. ,
( D18,
. 1) : = I11 + ('Synthesis
of SiHCl3'!I19/'Synthesis of SiHCl3'!H19 +
'Synthesis
of
SiHCl3'!I20/'Synthesis
of
SiHCl3'!H20*2 + 'Synthesis of SiHCl3'!I22/
'Synthesis
of
SiHCl3'!H22*3)*C18,

Synthesis of SiHCl3 Excel,

. H2
268.57 /.
,
HCl (D13),
H2
: = I10/H10/
2*C13*(100 + H3)/100 D18 (99.98 /).

,
[1].

(H3, . 2),
(H5)
(H13),

( I29, I32
I31).
(I25) ,

SiHCl3 (H12), : = (I19/H19 + I20/H20 +
I21/H21 + I22/H22*2)*H25*(100 H12)/H12 I31
(131.29 /).

,
(D19),

: = I25 + I31 +

(I19/H19 + I20/H20 + I21/H21 + I22/H22*2)*C19

(3309.17 /). ,
(D20) (D19)
(H6):
= D19/(100 H6)*H6 (33.43 /).
, ,
.

(. 4), , .

Excel,
. F42
(. 4),

, = B40 G40,
, . ,


, ,
.
,
, , -
(, ..).

Excel, (.
5). , HCl,
(I10,
. 1), ,
(C4, . 5).
(/),
HCl
, (E4, . 5) ,
(I10,
/, . 1) (H2, .
1) ,
(C10, . 5).
E4 (. 5)
: ='Synthesis of HCl'!I10*1000/C10/
'Synthesis of HCl'!H2, Synthesis of HCl
.
(881.79 /)
F4 (. 5)
(1000 / C4): = (E4 > C4;
; ). F4
( ), ,

.
38

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. 4.
.

. 5. .

( 5).


,
(1000 /)
(2800 /).
F5 : = (E5 < B5; ;
(E5 > C5; ; )).


( 6 7).

, Excel
,
.


. ,

, Excel, .

, , . 39

 , 2010, . 5, 3

,
,
.
,


Excel.



. , ,
,

,
,
.. ,
, , , .
, Excel

,
,
.


.

:
1. / . . [ .] . : , 1992.
408 .
2.
/ . . , . . , . . , . . // . 1991.
8. . 2931.
3. , . .
/ . . , . . // . 2008.
10. . 6568.
4. , . .
Excel / . . // 2009. . 4,
4. . 7177.

40

 , 2010, . 5, 3

542.61:546.633

N-(2--5-)-
.. , , .. , ,
.. ,
. ..
. ..
e-mail: neorganik@inbox.ru
3.04.5 N-(2--5-)- -- .
,
1
-, H--.
Chemical aspects of scandium solvent extraction from its chloride solutions at pH 3.0-4.5 by N-(2-hydroxy-5nonylbenzyl)--hydroxyethylmethylamine solutions in octanol have been studied. The extraction mechanism has
1
been suggested. The structure of the extracted complex has been identified by H NMR and IR spectroscopy
methods.
: , , N-(2--5-)--,
, .
Key words: solvent extraction, scandium, chelate, N-(2-hydroxy-5-nonylbenzyl)--hydroxyethylmethylamine,
chemical aspects of solvent extraction.

.

, ,
[1].

, - ,
, , ,
. , , ,
. ,
, -
[2].



[3].

, , , .


. , ,
-

.
[4],
.
, , ,
[5],
.

, [68].
,

.


N-(2--5-)-- (-2)
3.0 4.5.

Sc2O3 (99.9%) . 0.025 0.12 . N-(2--5-)- (-2) ,
, [9]. ,
41

 , 2010, . 5, 3

(-2=21.6 1/2)
[10]
, - ( ).
, , / .
t = 202.
.
V:V=1:1,
45 , ,
,
.
30 ,

.

.

,

[11].


, ,

(DSc)
( Cl
NaCl).
Specord M80 400 4000 -1,
5 (42.3% TlBr,
57.6% TlI).
WM250 (Bruker) 2 3%
DMSO-d6 230.13
.

MgCl2

, .

. 1.
(CSc = 0.025 /)
MgCl2.

S(III), , , ,
lgDM . ,
,
[4].
pH. (CSc = 0.025 /, -2 = 0.25
/),
0.9 0.2, .
0.12 /
2 (MgCl2=2 /)
lgDSc lgC-2 (C-2
),
4.3 , Sc :
2 1.


ICPMS1.
,
, Sc : 2
1 : 1,
2

,

ScCl3
3.04.5 :

2 ,


,

.


.
,



[12].


(. 1). . 1

. ..
42

 , 2010, . 5, 3

Sc(H2O)63+(B) + 2Cl(B) + HR(O) = ScCl2R2H2O(O) + 4H2O(B) + H+(B)

Sc(H2O)5()2+(B) + Cl(B) + HR(O)=ScCl(OH)R2H2O(O)+ 3H2O(B)+ H+(B)
Sc(H2O)4()2+(B) + HR(O) = Sc(OH)2R2H2O(O) + 2H2O(B) + H+(B)
( K Sc) .
[13].
1 (. 2), 1 .

(1)
(2)
(3)

(1607-1) [17].
1H


919, ( =
7/2), .

,
( ) Hyper Chem Pro6. Sc
2 MM+.
, ZINDO/1
( ).

2:
1.

(
= 57.56 /);
2.

(
= 33.19 /).

. 2.
1 3
.

,
-, .
lgDSc lgCNaCl ( 4.6).

, 1.9 0.3,

.

,
2,

1H .

2
,
, 1309 -1,

CO(Sc) [14], 589-1 448
-1, , ,
ScN [15]
ScCl, [16]. (35003200
-1 34003100 -1).

Cl

H 2O

Cl
Sc

OH

CH 2

CH 2
CH 2
CH 3

C 9 H 19

. 3.

, , +3

,
, -
, -
.
,
6.
. 3.

43

 , 2010, . 5, 3

:
1. , . . / . . , . . . . :
, 1991. 431 .
2. : 3 . : . / . . [ .] ;
. . . . . . : , 1996. . 1 : . 376 .
3. , . . / . . ,
. . . . : , 1999. 64 .
4. , . . / . . . . : Hay,
1968. 295 .
5. , . / . , . . . : , 1983.
280 .
6. --
/ . . , . . , . . , . . //
. 1999. . 25, 3. . 192197.
7. , . . / .
. , . . , . . // . . . 1994. . 39, 4. . 670674.
8. / . . , .
. , . . , . . , . . // . 2006. . 1, 6.
. 1625.
9. . 2028305 , C 08 C1/15, C 08 F236/10. (-)
/ . . , . . , . . , . . , . .
, . . , . . , . . , . . . 4774251/05 ;
26.12.95 ; . 09.02.98.
10. , . / . . . : ,
1991. 763 .
11. , . / . , . . . :
, 1970. 360 .
12. , . . - / . . ,
. . , . . // : . . III
-. ., ., , 13 14 . 2009. ., 2009. . 59.
13. , . . /
. . , . . // . . . 1968. . 13, . 7. . 18051807.
14. , . . 1--3--4--5
/ . . , . . , . . //
. . . 1974. . 29, .10. . 19181923.
15. -
/ . . [ .] // . . . 1970. . 15, .5. . 12551260.
16. , . . Be, Mg, Al, Sc Y
/ . . , . . // .
. . 1969. . 10, 5. . 820824.
17. , . . / . . . . : , 1973. 209
.

44

 , 2010, . 5, 3

541.18:536.7

.. , , .. , ,
.. ,
.. ,
. ..
e-mail: gervald@bk.ru
.
(III)
(II), , .
The article is focused on the research of influence of various synthesis parameters (the rate of magnetite
formation, iron salts mole ratio, nature and concentration of precipitator and process temperature) on the magnetic
properties of magnetite nanoparticles.
: , ,
, .
Key words: superparamagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite, immunomagnetometric assay, magnetic
susceptibility.

(),
, . .
[14].


:

.
,
,
,
. ,
, [1],
[2, 3].
,
, ,
( ) , . , , [4],
[5],
[6],
[7], [8, 9],
[10], [11].
,
,


[12].

, Fe3O4 [13].


, . , , ()

2FeCl3 FeCl2 8NH 3 H 2 O

Fe3O 4 8NH 4Cl 4H 2O
,
,
1900 .,
.
, Fe(II)
Fe(OH)2 ,
[13].
[3].


(
> 20%). .
.
,

.

,

. 45

 , 2010, . 5, 3

:
(II)
(III);
;
(,
).

. ( ) , , 2 .
200 .
,
.


(Senova, ) [15].

: FeCl24H2O, Aldrich, 99%; FeCl3, Aldrich,
97%; , , ;
, 7, ;
NaOH, , 432877,
; KOH, , 2436380,
, , (DirectQ5 Millipore, ).

HWSLabortechnik 100 ,
8310 (,
)
.
(200 /)
Fe(II) (III),
20 .

(700 /)

15 .
3000 /
10 .

. pH , 7.


.
-

LEO 912AB
OMEGA , ( ).

,

. . Delsanano C,
Beckman Coulter ()

.
0.6 7000 , 2 4 .
, -

(II) (III)

. ,
. 1,

Fe(III) Fe(II), 2.75:1 (

2:1) [3]. ,
(III) (II)
1 4. , (II)
,
.

. 1.

(III) (II)
(II): 1 FeSO47H2O; 2 FeCl2.
2 .%,

4 . %, 25 .

. , , ,
46

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. ,
: NH3H2 NaOH KOH
LiOH. , -,
, , FeOOH, .
,
,
.
, (II) (III),

nFeOmFe2O3, ,
n=m, .

(II) (III),

.

. 2. ,
, 8 c. %, . , ,
,
, ,

,
.

,
. , . 3,
,
, 30 40.


. , 40
2 .

. 3.
:
1 5, 2 10, 3 20, 4 30, 5 40.
2 .%,
(III) (II)
2.75:1,
8 .%.

,

. ,
,
.


.
,
100700 /. ,
. 4, ,

.
- .


() . ,
,

.

. 2.

:
1 LiOH; 2 KOH; 3 NaOH; 4 NH3H2.
2 .%,
(III) (II)
2.75:1, 25 .
47

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. 5.
,
.
0.5 .%,
(III) (II) 2.75:1,

8 .%, 40.

. 4.

,
./.: 1 100, 2 300, 3 500, 4 700.
(III) (II)
2.75:1,
8 .%, 40.

,
, ( (II)
(III)) . . 4 (dI)

. ,


.
, ,
30 ,
100200 .

.
,

,
, ,
.


:
,
0.5
. %
(III) (II) 2.75:1
, . %
8
,
40

. 5.

10 .

. 6.
.

. 6. .
0.5 . %,
(III) (II) 2.75:1,
8 . %, 40.
48

 , 2010, . 5, 3

51.34 /.

(III)

(II)

.


.

(III) (II)

, . :

, ;

,
.

. 7.

,
. 7, , , 0. ,

,

( 090300888a).

:
1. Cornell, R. M. The Iron Oxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrence and Uses / R. M.
Cornell, U. Schertmann. Weinheim : WileyVCH, 2003. 703 p. ISBN 3527302743.
2. Caruso, F. Colloids and Colloid Assemblies: Synthesis, Modification, Organization and Utilization
of Colloid Particles / F. Carus. Weinheim : WileyVCH, 2004. 761 p. ISBN 3527604170.
3. Rao, C. N. R. The Chemistry of Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications / C. N. R.
Rao, A. K. Cheetham, A. Mller. Weinheim : WileyVCH, 2006. 603 p. ISBN 3527306609.
4. Thermosensitive polymer coated nanomagnetic particles for separation of biomolecules / N.
Shamim, L. Hong, K. Hidajat, M.S. Uddin // Separation and Purification Technology. 2007. Vol. 53,
2. P. 164170.
5. Hafeli, U. O. Magnetically modulated therapeutic systems / U. O. Hafeli // Intern. J. of
Pharmaceutics. 2004. Vol. 277, 1. P. 1924.
6. Medical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles / A. Ito, M. Shinkai, H. Honda, T.
Kobayashi // J. of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 2005. Vol. 100, 1. P. 111.
7. Hydrolysis of sucrose by invertase immobilized onto novel magnetic polyvinylalcohol microspheres / S.
Akgol, K. Yasemin, A. Denizli, M. Y. Arica, // Food Chem. 2001. Vol. 74, 3. P. 281288.
8. Gadoliniumloaded nanoparticles: new contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging / C.H.
Reynold [et al.] / J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000. Vol. 122. P. 89408945.
9. Application of arsenazo III in the preparation and characterization of an albuminlinked,
gadoliniumbased / T. N. Nagaraja [et al.] // J. of Neuroscience Methods. 2006. Vol. 157, 2. P.
238245.
10. Inductive heat property of Fe3O4/polymer composite nanoparticles in an ac magnetic field for
localized hyperthermia / D.L. Zhao [et al.] // Biomedical materials. 2006. Vol. 1, 4. P.198201.
11. Improving agglutination tests by working in microfluidic channels / G. Degr, E. Brunet, A.
Dodge, P. Tabeling // Lab on a chip. 2005. Vol. 5, 6. P. 691694.
12. Schmid, G. Nanoparticles: From Theory to Application / G. Schmid. Weinheim : WileyVCH,
2006. 444 p. ISBN 3527604049.
13. Jolivet, J.- P. Metal Oxide Chemistry and Synthesis: From Solution to Solid State / J. P. Jolivet.
Chichester : Wiley, 2000. 338 p. ISBN 0471970565.
14. Miller, J. S. Magnetism, Nanosized Magnetic Materials (Magnetism: Molecules to Materials)/ J. S.
Miller, M. Drillon. Weinheim : WileyVCH, 2002. 403 p. ISBN 3527303022.
15. Magnetic particle detection by frequency mixing for immunoassay applications / H.-J. Krause [et
al.] // J. of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2006. Vol. 311, 1. P.436444.
49

 , 2010, . 5, 3

546.719

.. , , .. ,
. ..
. ..
e-mail: ola-la-la13@yandex.ru
.

.
The processes of complexing have been investigated for anodic dissolution of rhenium in a mixture of methanol
and acetylacetone. A scheme of thermal decomposition of the obtained products has been suggested, and the
temperature dependence of the phase composition of thermal decomposition products has been determined.
: , , , ,
.
Key words: rhenium, alkoxo derivative, acetylacetonate, thermal decomposition, electrochemical synthesis.

.
, (acac),
, ,
, , ,
.
(VI)
Re2O5(acac)2, -
Re2O7
(

). [7].

MeOH
(
).

,
,
, , [1].

:
Re2O3(OMe)6, Re4O6-y(OMe)12+y, Re4O2(OMe)16,
Re4O6(OMe)12. Re2O3(OMe)6
ReOCl4 [2]. Re2O3(OMe)6 (5+) ,
Re4O6-y(OMe)12+y. Re2O7 [3].

(0.8
/2) (V) Re4O2(OMe)16,
0.07 0.10 /2
(VI) Re4O6(OMe)12
[4, 5].
Re4O6(OMe)12, Re4O2(OMe)16 [6].


. - ,
- , ,

(Merck KGaA, 99.5%,
0.1%)

.

NaY,
300 .

:
LiCl
,
-
(P~1.3 )
8090 1 ,
180200
50

 , 2010, . 5, 3

4060
.
.
, ,
,
.
-
,


:
44:1. :
6:1 .

(. 1).
3.5 2,
( 99.99%, 48
199288) 0.50.5 .

Q1500 D
(F. Paulik, J. Paulik, L. Erdey; MOM, ).
141.5 ( 0.4 ).
(1)
2
22 420.
1.
( 75 ,
5.54 ,
: = 44 : 1)
Lice (0.,0125 /).
:
1 : 2.7.
28 . :
U = 40 100 B, I = 170 210 A.

3.83 .
, -,
-. 2

( I) (. 2)
.

. (I)
.

. 1.
: 1 (P2O5); 2
; 3 ; 4
(Pt ); 5 ; 6
; 7 ; 8 .

. 2. (I).

()
(I): , %: Re 60.2, C 12.2, H 2.8.
Re4O6(O)12, %: Re 61.4, C
11.9, H 3.0; Re4O2(O)16, %: Re 58.5, C
15.1, H 3.8.
(I): () = 1158 -1,
(Re=O) = 964 1019 -1, (Re O) = 722
781 -1, (Re O(R)) = 427 596 -1.

C, H

Heraeus CHNORAPID.
~0.2%.
Re ,
[8].

( Co K)
3. : 0.05,
24 .
KBr EQUINOX 55
Bruker Germany. ()

2.
( 37.5 ,
37.5 ,
: = 6:1)
LiCl (0.0125 /);
:
1:19, 51

 , 2010, . 5, 3

( ). 27 . : U = 60 130 B, I = 130
220 A.
3.66 .
-
-, -, .

- ,
.

Re4O2(O)16 Re4O6(O)12 [4, 5]

.
Re4O2(O)16 Re4O6(O)12
:
.
(I) (. 1),

, ,
( * . 1)
,

Re4O6(O)12 Re4O2(OMe)16. , , . ,
. ,
Re4O6(O)12
Re4O2(OMe)16.

(. 1), (I)
:

1. (I),
.

[2]
[2]

Re4O6(OMe)12
Re4O2(OMe)16
2
I/I0, %
d,
h
k
l
I/I0, %
d,
h
k
l
I/I0, % d,
11.3
39
9.092
0 1
1
12
9.118
0
1
1
12
9.165
11.9
58
8.635
0 1
-2
53
8.588
0
1
-2
90
8.630
14.1
62
7.293
-1
0
-1
28
7.284
15.3
100
6.724
1 1
0
100
6.707
1
1
0
66
6.707
20.5
22
5.031
1
1
-2
8
5.039
21.8*
11
4.734
22.5
22
4.588
0 2
2
14
4.564
23.5
34
4.396
1 -3
2
16
4.385
30.3
16
3.4251
0 1
-5
23
3.427
1
4
-1
11
3.4335
31.0*
9,6
3.3496
33.0
13
3.1518
1
4
-4
7
3.1866
34.2
11
3.0443
0 2
4
6
3.0329
0
2
4
6
3.0329
36.2
12
2.8813
2 -4
1
5
2.8711
2
-4
1
11
2.8667
37.3*
11
2.7992
37.7
56
2.7706
2 -3
-2
9
2.7757
2
-3
-2
9
2.7715
41.1*
11
2.5501
46.7*
16
2.2585
49.0
28
2.1586
0 6
-7
2.1536
1
7
-4
14
2.1536
50.4
13
2.1024
3
0
4
9
2.1151
52.3
20
2.0311
0 3
6
5
2.0251
1
-6
7
10
2.0749
Re4O6(O)12
. (. 2)
, . ,
, , , ,
.

(I)

. 3.
(I)
909 -1,
Re=O,

Re4O6(O)12 Re4O2(OMe)16.
Re2O5(acac)2
907 -1 [7].
,
(I), ,
,

.
52

 , 2010, . 5, 3

2. Re4O6(O)

Re4O2(O)16 [4]

a,
b,

7.892(1)
15.999(2)

c,
,
,
,
V, 3

Re4O6(O)12 [3]
7.893(8)

Re4O6(O)12
7.88(1)

17.501(3)
113.39(1)

15.994(2)
17.501(1)
113.434(2)

16.12(10)
17.473(55)
113.33(13)

93.04(1)
92.76(1)
2019(1)

93.048(2)
92.736(2)
2020.1(6)

92.12(73)
93.10(85)
2030(31)

. 3. (I)

. 4. (I). max = 420.

(I) 22 420
(. 4). G
132 400,
17%

100 160.
(I) t = 277 ReO3 . .
3 Re4O6(O)12
Re4O2(OMe)16) [6] c
53

 , 2010, . 5, 3

, . t = 420 (I)
ReO3, ReO2 ReO3 (
) (. 5, . 4, 5).
,

(I) t =420
, .

ReO3 : = 3.752
, a = 3.748 .

3.

tmax,

W T,
/

t,

m, %

m, %

200

87146

24.2

26.4

ReO3

ReO3

Re4O2(OMe)16
[6]

200

2.5

93135

24.0

26.4

ReO3

ReO3

Re4O2(OMe)12
[6]

200

90134

20.1

22.8

ReO3

ReO3

Re4O2(OMe)12
[6]

200

2.5

95132

19.2

22.8

ReO3

ReO3

(I)

277

89-166

17.0

Re4O2(OMe)16
[6]

ReO3

. 5. ReO3, (I) t =277 ,

, ICDDJCPDS, No. 331096

4. ReO3,
(I) t =420
ICDD-JCPDS,
331096

2
27.6
39.4
48.8
57.0
64.5
71.5

I/I0, %
100
94
13
40
26
34

d,
3.753
2.655
2.167
1.876
1.678
1.532

h
1
1
1
2
2
2

k
0
1
1
0
1
1

54

l
0
0
1
0
0
1

d,
3.760
2.654
2.166
1.875
1.677
1.531

I/I0, %
85
80
25
50
100
55

 , 2010, . 5, 3

5. ReO2,
(I) t =420
ICDD-JCPDS,
090274

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

2
28.4
37.0
43.1
46.3
55.2
57.9
61.6
63.3
71.2
75.5
77.3
78.3

I/I0, %
10
27
14
22
12
25
20
17
37
16
15
10

d,
3.649
2.821
2.437
2.277
1.932
1.849
1.748
1.706
1.538
1.462
1.433
1.419

h
1
1
2
0
1
2
1
2
3
3
2
1

k
1
1
0
0
1
2
3
2
1
1
2
1

l
0
1
0
2
2
0
0
1
0
1
2
3

d,
3.659
2.864
2.405
2.299
1.947
1.830
1.752
1.701
1.542
1.462
1.432
1.415

I/I0, %
100
100
80
80
80
10
30
100
50
50
10
50

ReO2 : = 4.815 ,
b = 5.651 , c = 4.594 ; a = 4.809 ,
b = 5.643 , c = 4.600 .

(I) :

,
(I) 420,
Re(VI) ( ) Re(IV),
,
, ReO3 [5].

Re=O. , ,
DTG (I)

. (I) 420
Re(VI)
Re(IV). , ,
(VI),
( 1 , t 420)
(VI)
[9].

( n(3):n() =
44:1)

.

. ,
(I)
, Re4O6(O)12, Re4O2(OMe)16
.
,
(I)
,

( 060332444).

:
1. IIIVII / .
. , . . , . . , . . // . . 2007. . 43,
5. . 19.
2. Edwards, P. G. Improved syntheses of tetrachloro-oxorhenium(VI) and chlorotrioxorhenium(VII).
Synthesis of alkoxo- and dialkylamido-rhenium compounds. The crystal and molecular structures of di-methoxo-tetramethoxo--oxo-dioxorhenium(VI) (ReRe), bis[lithium pentaisopropoxo-oxorhenate(VI)
lithiumchloridetetrahydrofuran(1/1/2)], and trans-tetraphenoxobis(trimethylphosphine)rhenium(IV) / P.
G. Edwards, G. Wilkinson // J. of the Chemical Society: Dalton Transactions. 1980. 12. P. 2467
2475.

55

 , 2010, . 5, 3

3. Seisenbaeva, G. A. Heterometallic alkoxide complexes of variable composition a new way to

ultrafine powders of metal alloys / G. A. Seisenbaeva, V. G. Kessler, A. V. Shevelkov // J. Sol-Gel Science
and Technology. 2001. Vol. 19, 1. P. 285288.
4. - (V)
Re4O2(OMe)16 / . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . .
// . . . 1995. T. 40, 9. C. 14771479.
5. Homo- and hetero-metallic rhenium oxomethoxide complexes with a M4(-O)2(-OMe)4 planar core
a new family of metal alkoxides displaying a peculiar structural disorder. Preparation and X-ray single
crystal study / G. A. Seisenbaeva, A. V. Shevelkov, J. Tegenfeldt, L. Kloo, D. V. Drobot, V. G. Kessler // J.
of the Chemical Society: Dalton Transactions. 2001. 19. P. 27622768.
6. , . . -, - (,
) : . . . . . . : 05.17.02 : 25.12.02 /
. ., 2002. 198 .
7. Kessler, V. G. Rhenium and Rhenium alloys / V. G. Kessler, G. A. Seisenbaeva, D. V. Drobot //
Proceeding of the International Symposium, Orlando, Florida, USA, 10 - 14 Feb. 1997. Ed. B. D.
Bryshkin, Publ. TMS, 1997. P. 167.
8. / . . [ .]; .
.: . . . . . : , 1966. 1112 .
9. Dyuzheva, T. I. New high-pressure phases of ReO3 / T. I. Dyuzheva, N. A. Bendeliani, S. S.
Kabalkina // J. of the less common metals. 1987. Vol. 133. P. 313317.

56

 , 2010, . 5, 3

542.61

.. , , .. , , .. , ,
..,
. ..
. ..
e-mail:srg.semenov@gmail.ru

, ,
.
.
A method of optimization of new extractants structure with the use of desirability function has been developed.
The desirability function had been proposed before by Harrington for optimization of processes with several
response functions. This method has been used for the design of phenolic type extractants.

: , , .
Key words: molecular design, extrctants of phenolic type, desirability function

,
[1]. , ,
, . [24].
,
,
, :
(D)

,
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
(). ()

, ,
: ,
. ,

, ,
,
(, ) [5, 6].
[7]

,
()

+3
.
,


. ,

. [8, 9]
: [8],
,

[9], , , , , ,
.



, ,
[10, 11]. ,
,
,

.
y
ymax y ymin ( )
y d (
)

:
d=exp[-exp(-y')],
y'=b0+b1y
57

(1)
(2)

 , 2010, . 5, 3

b0 b1 ,
y
d,
0.2 < d < 0.8.
,
d, d D, :

D k d1d 2 ... d k

,
.
OH
CH

R
2

N
R

(3)

C H
9

19

() ( N(25)). .
1. (q),
, , [3, 4],

.
q
3 (Parameterised
Model 3)
() HyperChem Release 8.0.4
(Hypercube Inc.).
2.
(lgP),

Chem3D
Ultra version 7.0.0,
() ChemOffice Ultra
7.0.1. lgP
,
, .
3. (H),
3 HyperChem
Release 8.0.4 (Hypercube Inc.). [4],
N(2
5),-
()
4.5. , , , , (III) [5], .
,
.
, ,
, - [12].
4. - [1315].
N(25
) () (. 1).
[3, 4] N(25) (1), -

. 1. N(25)
(); R=CnH2n+1

R
.
,
[7]. . 1.
1. q lgP

q
lgP
00, n=0
-0.030
5.11
11, n=1
-0.071
5.99
22, n=2
-0.082
7.05
33, n=3
-0.078
8.11
44, n=4
-0.075
9.16
55, n=5
-0.083
10.22
77, n=7
-0.085
12.34
1010, n=10
-0.091
15.51
. 1,

( ),

.
,
lgP
. , [7].



:

D2 d1 d 2

(4)

d1, d2 .

(2).
58

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. , y1 y2,

(. 2). d (1).

OH

0.3

0.65

C10H
21

. 2. - N
(25) ,
R`(R), R`= , NO2, F, Cl, Br, I.

y1 (q)
y2 (lgP)
-0.091 -0.03 15.51 5.11
0.65

C H
10 21

C H
9 19

2.
d.

CH2

R`

- , - 3. ,

, ,
.. [16],
.
. 4
R`,

.

0.25

b0 b1 (2)
. 2. d1, d2 D2 . 3.
3.
d1, d2 D2

.

d1
d2
D2

-0
0.30
0.25
0.27
-1
0.58
0.26
0.39
-2
0.54
0.29
0.40
-3
0.62
0.31
0.44
-4
0.53
0.33
0.42
-5
0.52
0.35
0.43
-7
0.47
0.39
0.43
-10
0.50
0.46
0.48

-0
0.30
0.25
0.27
-11
0.55
0.28
0.39
-22
0.61
0.33
0.44
-33
0.59
0.37
0.47
-44
0.57
0.41
0.48
-55
0.61
0.46
0.53
-77
0.62
0.54
0.58
-1010
0.65
0.65
0.65

4. ,

R`

H,
/
-948.53
-795.408
-934.581
-746.607
-685.712
-638.382

OH
NO2
F
Cl
Br
I

lgP

-0.071
-0.067
-0.076
-0.067
-0.071
-0.075

14.9
13.8
15.8
16.2
16.4
16.6

(. 4),
, ,

,

- - ,

.

. 3 ,
( ,
) 1010,
.
, ,
1010
.

-
- N(2
5) (. 2).

O
R`

CH
2

C H
10 21
C H
10 21

C H
9 19

. 3. R`(R), R`= , NO2, F,

Cl, Br, I.

, . 3.
R`
:
59

 , 2010, . 5, 3

HR
++R.
R`
:
H=H(R) H(HR).

R`(R) . 5.

,

.
4 :
, -, - () (. 7).

: y1=q
; y2=lgP
; y3=H
, /; y4 = PDKw
- ,
/3; D .



:

5.
R`(R).

OH
NO2
F
Cl
Br
I

, /
-1056.867
-982.012
-1084.300
-923.521
-828.330
-767.716

R` . 6.
6. R`

OH
NO2
F
Cl
Br
I

D 4 d1 d 2 d 3 d 4

,/
-108
-187
-150
-177
-143
-129

d1, d2, d3, d4 .

. .
, y1, y2, y3, y4,

(. 8).
d (1).
b0 b1 (2)
. 8.
. 9.
. 9 ,
( ,

)

- N(25
). ( , ) N2,3
5).

. 6 , Cl
NO2, ,

.
7. -
.

PDKw ( ),
-
/3

R [12]
0.001
-Cl [13]
0.0001
-NO2 [14]
0.06
-OH [14]
0.1
, ,
()
.


d

(5)

8. d.
y1
y2
y3, /
y4, /3
-0.1
-0.059
15.6
13.8
-187
-98.3
0.06
0.0001
0.7

0.4

0.7

60

0.4

0.7

0.4

0.5

0.25

 , 2010, . 5, 3

-

-NO2
-F
-Cl
-Br
-I
-OH

d1 (q)
0.645
0.466
0.538
0.466
0.499
0.530
0.500

9. .

d2 (lgP)
d4(PDKW)
D3*)
D4**)
d3 (H)
0.689
0.400
0.290
0.649
0.476
0.400
0.700
0.500
0.508
0.505
0.726
0.588
0.613
0.771
0.671
0.250
0.623
0.495
0.792
0.564
0.607
0.810
0.515
0.605
0.600
0.440
0.650
0.513
0.541

*) D3 D3 3 d1 d 2 d3 , **) D4 D 4 d1 d 2 d3 d 4 .
,

, (. 4).


. 4. N(2,35 , , ).
, , . .

:
1. , . . / . .
. // . 1982. . 24, 6. . 729739.
2. . , . . / . . , .
. , . . // XXI
. .3. . . 1999. . 116154.
3. , . . N(25)
(-1) / . . , . . , . . // .
: , , , 29 . 4 . 2008.
, 2008. . 111-115.
4. , . . N-(2-5-)-,- / . . , . . , .
. // . . 2002. . 28, 11. . 851853.
5. , . . / . . , . . , . . . . : ,
1987. 184 .
6. , . . / . . . .:
, 2006. 510 .
7. , . .
/ . . , . . // . 1996. . 65, 11. . 10521079.
8. Hay, B. P. Toward the Computer-aided Design of Ion Sequestering Agents / B. P. Hay // Intern. Solvent
Extraction Conf. (ISEC) : reports, Montreal, Canada, 15 19 sept. 2008. Montreal, 2008. P. 10111016.
9. Varnek, . From Databases to in Silico Design of Novel Metal Binders / A. Varnek // Intern. Solvent
Extraction Conf. (ISEC) : reports, Montreal, Canada, 15 19 sept. 2008. Montreal, 2008. P. 10231028.
10. Harrington, E. C. The desirability function / E. C. Harrington // Industr. Quality Control. 1965. Vol. 21,
10. P. 494498.
11. , . . / . .
, . . . . : , 1978. 319 .
12. , . . : 2 . / . . , . . . . 2.
. : , 1970. 824 .
13. : 5 . / . . [ .]. . 4. . :
. .., 2005. 752 ..
14. : 5 . / . . [ .]. . 1. . :
. .., 1999. 524 .
15. : 5 . / . . [ .]. . 3. . :
. ..,, 2004. 544 .
16. , . .
/ . . , . . // . . .
1995. . 69, 10. . 18911893.
61

 , 2010, . 5, 3

541.128.13; 546.262.3-31

PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3

.. , , .. , , *.. ,
*
**
, .. , , .. , ,
***
.. , , ***..,
****
,
.. ,
*

**
,
. ..
***

****
. ..
e-mai: Denisish26@yandex.ru

(EXAFS/XANES),

, ()
PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3
. ,
Al2O3 Cu2Cl(OH)3 100300
. EXAFS,
, PdCl.
, ,
, .
The EXAFS/XANES, XRD, SEM methods were used for examination of freshly prepared low temperature
carbon monoxide oxidation in air catalyst PdCl2-CuCl2/-Al2O3 active components states. The Cu2Cl(OH)3 phase
with particle size 100-300 nm and tetrachloropalladat particles were identified on -Al2O3 surface. According to
EXAFS data one of the palladium chloride bonds is longer then another ones. There is no direct interaction
between palladium and copper, i.e. there is no common active center including palladium and copper on the Al2O3 surface responsible on the low temperature carbon monoxide oxidation in air.
: , (II), (II), ,
, , - (II), XANES, EXAFS, .
Key words: catalyst, low temperature oxidation, carbon monoxide, palladium(II) chloride, copper(II) chloride,
-aluminum oxide, trihydroxide-chloride copper(II), XANES, EXAFS, SEM.

PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3,
, [2],
,
.
,

,
.

CO2 , . [2]

,

Z(CO)(H2O)(O2) (Z ).
, . [3, 4], (II) -

(II) : ,

. ,
,
,

(,
) (
).
.


[1].

62

 , 2010, . 5, 3

, 219 3/)*. 1

3.

2
(CuCl2/Al2O3) 3
(PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3) 1
CuCl2 (CuCl22H2O, 416761)
PdCl2 (PdCl2,
2625048002050672003) CuCl2, [15]. 1.5% Pd,
3.5% Cu . CuCl2
,
2 3, .
1 3


.

FujiFilm ImagingPlate;
FujiFilm BAS5000
100 .
=0.46416 , 230
, 30 .
Fit2D [16].


(
XANES)


(
EXAFS). -
XANES/EXAFS
2 3,
CuCl22H2O()
PdCl2() ,

.

Si(111),
, (Cu K)
(Pd K).
EXAFS
IFEFFIT [17],

FEFF [18].

[19].


()
7500 F
JEOL ()

(II)
.
[5, 6],
(II),
(II) . ,
.
[7].

[810].
(II) Al2O3
,
100, (II)
, (NiCl2, MnCl2),
,
(II) [11]. [9, 12, 13] (
, EXAFS/XANES)


PdCl2CuCl2/ ( Al2O3).
, Cu2Cl(OH)3
CuCl22H2O,
Cu2Cl(OH)3 . ,
+2
.
[12] , . e [14]
in situ
PdCl2(CO),
[Pd(CO)Cl]n Cu(CO)Cl,

,
PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3 , 2

PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3.
, , (EXAFS/XANES)
( )
().


. 1 Al2O3 ( 813685) 0.5 1
( ,
63

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. .. .
. Gentle Beam
1 2 (400
).

3, 3.

1 3. ,

, .
1. Al2O3
.

. 2.
1 ( 20000).

. 3.
2 ( 25000).
. 1. 1 (,
Al2O3), 2 (CuCl2/Al2O3) 3 (,
PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3).

2 3,
Al2O3
,
Cu2Cl(OH)3 .
. R3m (. 1).
2 3
. PdCl2CuCl2/
( Al2O3) [9, 12].
1 (, Al2O3), 2 (CuCl2/Al2O3)
3 (, PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3) (. 2
4) (. 1): ,
Cu2Cl(OH)3 (. .
R3m), 2

. 4.
3 ( 20000).

3 (. 4)
,
.

Cu2Cl(OH)3
Al2O3. , Cu2Cl(OH)3 PdCl2
64

 , 2010, . 5, 3

3 .
, (-, )
2 (. 3) , ,
3 (. 4)
10 Al2O3.
XANES
, .
. 5 XANES K
Pd .

.
E~8976
- 1s3d
,
p-d
.
(II).
2 3 .


(CuCl22H2O()) -
. CuCl2, CuCl2,
- ,
.

. 5. XANES K Pd:
PdCl2(), PdCl2 CuCl2,
3 (, PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3).

1s5p .
XANES, . 5,
.
, Pd PdCl2(),
PdCl2 ( CuCl2)
Al2O3
. ,

+2
.
. 6 XANES K
Cu.

1s4p . -

. 6. XANES K Cu:
CuCl22H2O(), CuCl2,
PdCl2 CuCl2, 2
(CuCl2/Al2O3), 3 (,
PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3).

2 3


EXAFS.
. 1 . 7
EXAFS Pd.
65

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. 1. EXAFS
K Pd: , N , R,
, 2, 2 -, Rf .

N
R,
2, 2
PdCl
4
2.29 (2.302.31))
0.0027
Pd...Pd
4
3.28 (3.283.33)
0.0146
PdCl
1
3.37 (3.34)
0.0013
Pd...Pd2
1
3.72 (3.77)
0.0040
PdClPdCl
2
4.57 (4.604.62)
0.0026
CuCl2+PdCl2
PdCl
4
2.28
0.0022
PdClPdCl
2
4.56
0.0050
3
PdCl1
3
2.26
0.0015
(PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3)
PdCl2
1
2.36
0.0015
)
[20].

PdCl2 (.)

Rf
0.007

0.030
0.019

1). - Pd...Cu .
( 3)
- , :
EXAFS


PdCl
(. 1).
34 , ,
Pd...Pd Pd...Cu, PdAl,

PdClAl - .
. 8 . 2
EXAFS Cu.
. 7.
(), -
EXAFS Pd
: PdCl2(), PdCl2
CuCl2, 3 (,
PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3).

PdCl2()
EXAFS


PdCl2(),
Pd6Cl12
,
2 (. 1),
PdPd. Pd


. ,
Pd...Pd 3.3 .
PdCl2 CuCl2,
,

- [PdCl4]2- (.

. 8. , EXAFS Cu
: CuCl22H2O(),
CuCl2, PdCl2
CuCl2, 2 (CuCl2/Al2O3), 3
(, PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3).
66

 , 2010, . 5, 3

2. EXAFS K
Cu: , N , R, , 2,
2 -, Rf .

CuCl22H2O
CuCl2
CuCl2+PdCl2
2
(CuCl2/Al2O3)

CuO
CuCl
CuCl
CuOeq
CuOax
CuOeq
CuOax
CuO1
CuO2
Cu...Cl

N
2
2
2
4
2
4
2
2
3
1

R,
1.95 (1.94))
2.27 (2.28)
2.86 (2.93)
1.97
2.29
1.97
2.30
1.99 (1.98)
2.05 (2.11)
2.85 (2.79)

2, 2
0.0045
0.0035
0.0148
0.0043
0.0210
0.0044
0.0203
0.0026
0.0266
0.0065
0.0186
0.0093

Cu...Cu1
4
3.09 (3.06)
Cu...Cu2
2
3.47 (3.41)
3
CuO1
2
1.99 (1.98)
0.0028
(PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3)
CuO2
3
2.09 (2.11)
0.0400
Cu...Cl
1
2.89 (2.79)
0.0072
Cu...Cu1
4
3.09 (3.06)
0.0157
Cu...Cu2
2
3.47 (3.41)
0.0116
)
[21, 22].
EXAFS CuCl22H2O()
[21] (. 2). 2
,

. 2
Cu...Cl, CuCl2O2.
CuCl2 ( )
-, -,
(II) [23,
24]), EXAFS 2
:
(. 8 . 2).

.
, ,

( 3)
(. 1), EXAFS
(. 2)
(. 4), Al2O3
Cu2Cl(OH)3
c . . R3m. ( 3)
(. 1).
,
,
.
EXAFS

Rf
0.030
0.021
0.018
0.016

0.016

PdCl .
,
Al2O3. EXAFS,

.
XAFS ,
PdCl2CuCl2/Al2O3

. , - CuCl22H2O() (


)
CuCl2
( ,

) CuCl . , (
) PdCl2(.)
3.
Al2O3 Cu2Cl(OH)3
CuCl2
( 2) PdCl2 (
3). 75%
Cl-
Al2O3, ,
Cl- Pd (
67

 , 2010, . 5, 3

EXAFS, K Pd

).
Al2O3
CuCl2
2 3.
,

(II)
,

.
, [2],

,
CO, O2 .
.
* ...
.. Al2O3.

:
1. , . . / . .
, . . , . . . .: , 1991. 40 .
2.
PdCl2*CuCl2/-Al2O3 / . . [ .] // . 2008. . 49, 5. . 2230.
3. Pat. 3790662 U.S., C01b 31/20, 17/68. Palladium compositions suitable as oxidation catalysts / W. G.
Lloyd, D. R. Rowe. 223970; filed 07.02.72; patented 05.02.74.
4. Low-temperature oxidation of CO by a heterogenized Wacker catalyst / M. N. Desai [et. al.] // J. of
catalysis. 1983. Vol. 79, 2. P. 95103.
5. (II) (II) / .
. [ .] // . 1984. . 25, 2. . 330.
6. .
/ . . [ .] //
. 1985. . 25, 5. . 10291043.
7. Palladium-copper-DMF complexes involved in the oxidation alkenes / Takahiro Hosokawa [et. al.] // J. of
Organometallic Chemistry. 1998. Vol. 551. P. 387389.
8.
/ . . [ .] // . 2007. . 2, 4. . 7277.
9. Effects of copper phase on CO oxidation over supported wacker-type catalysts / E. D. Park, J. S. Lee // J.
of catalysis. 1998. Vol. 180. P. 123131.
10. Park, E. D. Effect of surface treatment of the support on CO oxidation over carbone-supported wackertype catalysts / E. D. Park, J. S. Lee // J. of catalysis. 2000. Vol. 193. P. 515.
11.
PdCl2*CuCl2/-Al2O3 / . . [ .] // : . III . .,
, , 27 30 . 2009. , 2009. . 2. . 141142.
12. Supported PdCl2CuCl2 catalysts for carbon monoxide oxidation II. XAFS characterization / J. S. Lee
[et. al.] // Applied catalysis B: environmental. 1996. Vol. 7. P. 199212.
13. Structure and electronic state of PdCl2CuCl2 catalysts supported on activated carbon / Yasushi
Yamamoto [et. al.] // J. of catalysis. 1996. Vol. 161. P. 577586.
14. Choi, K. I. CO oxidation over Pd and Cu catalysts II. Unreduced bimetallic PdCl2CuCl2 dispersed on
Al2O3 or carbon / K. I. Choi, M. A. Vannice // J. of catalysis. 1991. Vol. 127. P. 489511.
15. . 2267354 P, B 01 J 23/89, B 01 J 31/30, B 01 D 53/62.
/ . . [ .]. 2004126047/04 ; . 27.08.04 ; . 10.01.06, . 1.
16. Hammersley, A. P. FIT2D V9.129. Reference Manual. V3.1. ESRF Internal Report: ESRF98HA01T / A.
P. Hammersley. 1998.
17. Ravel, B. ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using
IFEFFIT / B. Ravel, M. Newville // J. synchrotron rad. 2005. Vol. 12. P. 537.
18. Real-space multiple-scattering calculation of XANES / A. L. Ankudinov [et. al] // Phys. rev. B. 1998.
Vol. 58. P. 7565.
19. Structural Materials Science end-station at the Kurchatov Synchrotron Radiation Source: Recent instrumentation
upgrades and experimental results / A. A. Chernyshov [et. al] // Nucl. instr. meth. phys. res. A. 2009. Vol. 603. P. 95.
20. Molecular structure of Pd6Cl12 on single crystals chemically grown at room temperature / D. B.
Dell'Amico [et. al.] // Angew. chem. (int. ed. engl.). 1996. Vol. 35. P.13311333.
21. A redetermination of the crystal structure of cupric chloride dehydrate / S. Brownstein [et. al] // Z.
kristallogr. 1989. Vol. 189. P. 1315.
22. The crystal structure of paratacamite / M.E. Fleet // Acta crystallogr. B. 1975. Vol. 31. P. 183187.
23. Ohtaki, H. Structure and Dynamics of Hydrated Ions / H. Ohtaki, T. Radnai // Chem. rev. 1993. Vol.
93. P. 11571204.
24. A computational and experimental study on the Jahn-Teller effect in the hydrated copper(II) ion.
Comparisons with hydrated nickel(II) ions in aqueous solution and solid Tutton's salts / B. Beagley [et. al.] // J.
phys.: Condens. Matter. 1989. Vol. 1. P. 23952408.

68

 , 2010, . 5, 3

577.088.1

8--2-
2-
-

*.. , , *.. , ,
.. , , .. , , .. , ,
*.. , ,
*.. , , **.. ,
. ..
* . ..
**
e-mail: esipov@mail.bio.msu.ru

8--2-,
, 2-
- .
,
, , .
The article presents an optimized method for the determination of the ratio of 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine
(formed in DNA due to the action of active forms of oxygen) to 2-deoxyguanosine. The ratio was determined by
reverse phase HPLC combined with amperometric detection. It was shown that the ratio increases upon oxidative
stress caused by the action of large doses of ascorbic acid in samples of DNA isolated from the liver of
experimental rats.
: 8--2-, , ,
- , .
Key words: 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine, oxidative stress, ascorbic acid, reverse phase HPLC, amperometric
detection.

, ,
10-9
10-12 3050 [3].
8--dG 5 2- (dG),
-,


8--dG
.
8--dG
dG -
( ) ,
,
.

, .
, . 8--dG
().

,
.
8--2-
(8--7,8--2-) (8-oxodG), , , ,
[1]. 8-dG
.
,
8--dG : ,
,
- [2].
/ , .
8--dG
.
8-dG ()
() (). -
8-oxo-dG 10-12
69

 , 2010, . 5, 3

,
()

[4]. . , ,
.

, . ,
,
, , -

. -


[57]. 8--dG
, ,
.
(8--dG) 2'- (dG)
20 , 20 2 FeSO4 37,

3 (. 1) [8]. 8-dG . - - (. 2, ).
O

O
HO

HO

NH

O2
NH2

H
HO

N
O

O
H
N

NH
N

NH2

HO

OH

OH

NH

O
O

NH2

OH

8-oxo-dG

dG

C8-OH-

. 1. 8--dG.

[911],
8--dG

-110-18 (4.0250
).

6%
0.1 ( 7.5);
dG 8-oxo-dG 6.8 7.5
. ,

.

. 2. - () ESI-- () 8--dG.

8--dG , 0.5
(0.142 )

+0.4 /
1 : 5. ,
8--dG : dG
1 : 105,
70

 , 2010, . 5, 3

8--dG
2 ..
,
dG 8-oxo-dG
(. . ).
.
dG (-): Q = 2.0021710-3A (
, ); 2.996%;
0.998. 8-oxo-dG ( ): Q = 0.20075V ( V
, ); 0.994.
,
. -, -

-
,

. ,
,
. 0.75

. 12.4 ,
8-oxo-dG (. 3); - , .. - .


.

.

. 3. 8-oxo-dG . -110-18 (4.0250 ),

0.1 ( 7.5), 6 : 94, 0.8 /.
, +0.4 .

8--dG
,
8oxo-dG/dG ,
, . ,
. , [12]. Fe3+
, , .
-
4.5 -

.
,
( ,
),
.

, , ,
,
. :
(6 )
(6 ).
20 /100 1 71

 , 2010, . 5, 3

S(dG),

dG,

(8--dG/ dG)105

1.79
2.00
1.18
1.74
1.85
1.98
2.09
2.53
1.44
2.60
1.71
2.02

6600.48
7422.02
4382.85
6395.13
7275.65
8084.11
7008.18
8335.46
4753.61
8578.63
5833.09
7007.22

13.31
14.97
8.84
12.90
14.67
16.30
14.13
16.81
9.59
17.30
11.76
14.13

13.43
13.36
13.40
13.51
12.60
12.13
14.78
15.08
15.00
15.03
14.51
14.32

13.07

0.57

0.38

14.79

0.31

0.21

().
8-oxo-dG
500 267.0 2 (Serva, ), 126
FeSO47H2O (, ), 45.4 0.1
(, ), 9.0
0.5 (Fluka Chemika, )

230 . .

3 , 37.
. 3 6.7
1 . HCl (, ) 3.0.
2.5 30 . , 10 (
1) 10 , 1 : 1 (
2).
, , 2 ,
(RAININ, Nylon-66
Filters, 0.45 , 13 ). 8--dG

16

( [ 8 - o x o - d G ] /[ d G ] ) * 1 0 5

15
14
13
12
11
10

8--dG,

8.902
9.952
5.897
8.677
9.204
9.849
10.397
12.618
7.159
12.944
8.498
10.075

S(8-oxo-dG),
A

1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6

(8--dG/dG)105

,
(. 4,
. . 1), ..


.
,
8--dG

8--dG . , 8- .
dG
,
,
, 8-oxo-dG/dG
.
1. (20 /100 )
8--dG/dG .

. 4. 8--dG/dG
,
,
.

ESI-- Agilent () 6100, Unicam
72

 , 2010, . 5, 3

ZORBAX ODS (9.4250 )
010%
30 . 8--dG: 6.5 (2.3%). (max, , 2): 245, 293. -,
ESI (m/z): 284.1 [ + +].

Beckman-Gold (Beckman coulter, ), 126,

Beckman 250 , 166
,
(). -110-18 (4.0250 )
(),
0.1 ( 7.5),
6 : 94, 0.8 /.
- 254

+0.4 .
(Ampersand Ltd. 1,52u,
) - Z-lab (Z,
) .

Excel (Microsoft).
,
dG 564.0
8-oxo-dG 38.4
, 2, 4 8 .

, ,
Excel (Microsoft).


50 ,
50 8-oxo-dG (0.00105
../, 10.510-5 ) 50
(Reanal, )
15 /. (, ) 0.1
(Amresco, ) ( 7.5), 6 : 94.

12 - ()
4.5 26040 . ,
, .
,
, 20C,
6-7 2 6 .
-

.

:
1.5
(110-115 );
15
(80-90 )
10
10-- ;
3-- ,

;
3--
,

(110-115 ).
20 /100
1
.
.
.

(~100 ) 250 (pH 8.0),
150 NaCl, 10 -HCl
(Reanal, ), 10 TA.
250
12.5 20%
(Reanal, ) 3.0
(Sigma, ) (10 /)
100 /.
Vortex,
3 50C.
68 5 LiClO4
25 3 .
400
, 24 : 1,
8000 g 4 10 ,
. 3
.
2 1.5
96% , .
20C 10000 g 4
10 .
75%
.
200 .

-.
~10 ../100 .


(~4 ..) 100 60 ,
73

 , 2010, . 5, 3

20 10 (Ac)2Zn 40
1 . 3 90
0.1 AcNa. 3
5 10000 g.
95. , 5 ..
, PI (USBiological, ) 50 2 .
, ( 50 )
1 ..

(, ) 20 1
-HCl ( 8.6) 37
.
:
1. Cooke, M. S. Oxidative DNA damage: mechanisms, mutation, and disease / M. S. Cooke,
M. D. Evans // FASEB J. 2003. Vol. 17. P. 11951214.
2. Hwang, E. DNA damage, a biomarker of carcinogenesis: its measurement and modulation by diet
and environment / E. Hwang, P. E. Bowen // Food Science & Nutrition. 2007. Vol. 47. P. 2750.
3. Haghdoost, S. Biomarker of oxidative stress and their application for assessment of individual
radio sensitivity / S. Haghdoost. Stockholm : Stockholm University, 2005. 43 p.
4. , . .
/ . . , . . // . . . (. . . . .. ). 2002. . XLVI, 4. . 109115.
5. , . . / . . ,
. . // . . 2008. 4. . 177179.
6. -/
- / . . [ .]
// . . 2006. 6. . 8283.
7.
/ . . [ .] // . . 2005. 10. . 4041.
8. Cheng, K. C. 8-Hydroxyguanine, an abundant form of oxidative DNA damage, cause GT and
AC substitutions / K. C. Cheng, D. S. Cahill // J. Biol. Chem. 1992. Vol. 267, 1. P. 166172.
9. Takagi, A. Inhibitory effects of vitamin E and acid on 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in liver
nuclear DNA of rats treated with 2-nitropropane / A. Takagi, K. Sai, T. Umemura // Cancer Lett. 1995.
Vol. 91. P. 139144.
10. Huang, X. Importance of complete DNA digestion in minimizing variability of 8-oxo-dG analyses
/ X. Huang, J. Powell // Free Radical Biology & Medicine. 2001. Vol. 31. P. 13411351.
11. Phenolic extraction of DNA from mammalian tissues and conversion to deoxyribo-nucleoside-5'monophosphates devoid of ribonucleotides / O. Shimelis [et al.] // J. Chromatography. 2004. Vol. 1053.
P. 143149.
12. . / . . , . . ,
. . , . . . . : , 2006. 556 c.

74

 , 2010, . 5, 3

: 547.979.733::543.51

- .
2.
,
.. , , .. , , .. , ,
.. ,
. ..
. ..
e-mail: yu_m@mail.ru

,
.
The volatility of cobalt, nickel, and copper octaethylporphyrinates was studied by the Knudsen method.
Thermodynamical characteristics of sublimation of these compounds were obtained.
: , , , .
Key words: Knudsen method, metalloporphyrins, gas sensors, vapor pressure.

,
, ()
,

, , . ,
,
, , .. [14].

() ,
-
[5] , ,
, . , ,
,
,
.

1201 (90; r = 200
), ,

[6].

.
C60.
Co(OEP),
Ni(OEP) Cu(OEP)
Aldrich.
MALDI,
(., , [7]),

( 3%).

[5].
2
60 436C
.
() ,
.
Pt/Pt-Rh- 2 K.

70 .
. ,
,
:
Pj = k(Qi)1 ( I ij ) T,
(1)
k ; Qi
j; ( Iij ) ,
j;
.
C60

(2)
ln P = (9154 150)/T + (11.28 0.20),
, , T , [8].


k'
Pc
I T ,
(3)

P..

k'

..

I ..T.. ,

(4)

I .. .. ,
(5)
..I T
, ,
c,
..

75

 , 2010, . 5, 3

...
(II )
, :
[6].
s543 Co(OEP) = 126 11 /;

S543 Co(OEP) = 207 21 /K;
ln P..= f(1/)
sH540 Ni(OEP) = 158 3 /;
(. 1),
S540 Ni(OEP) = 266 6 /K;
ln P = A/ + (
sH508 Cu(OEP) = 94 10 /;
, , sHT/R ST/R, R S508 Cu(OEP) = 168 20 /K.
; . 2). 1. .
Ni(OEP)
Cu(OEP)
Co(OEP)
,
ln P
,
ln P
,
ln P
504
-5.7185
417
-5.87066
511
-5.1926
505
-5.2355
468
-4.44469
518
-4.1103
513
-5.0126
471
-4.15625
522
-3.9917
517
-4.7622
483
-3.76598
529
-3.7591
519
-5.7420
506
-2.45003
541
-3.5569
522
-4.6156
509
-2.32726
554
-2.3746
525
-4.2828
513
-1.88497
563
-1.9807
528
-4.0645
515
-1.74755
576
-1.5790
540
-3.1560
521
-1.34731
558
-2.2987
540
0.046147
562
-1.7701
545
0.326189
575
-1.2502
2. ln P = A/ + .
Cu(OEP)
Co(OEP)

19032 405
31.9 0.8
11299 1190
20.3 2.4
15162 1330
24.8 2.5



,
.
(
- ).
.
S
, ,
Cu(OEP) ,
80 .
. ,
,
5401 ,
2 .


(Co(OEP) = 2.85210-2 , Ni(OEP) = 4.25910-2 ,
..
Cu(OEP) = 1.047100 ).
.. .
(OEP) 1.5
. , ,

( 08-03-00686, 09-03-01041).
(CoIII) (NiII), :
1. , . . / . . . . :
, 1973. 280 .
2. , . . / . . , . . . . : , 1988. 159 .
3. , . / . , . . . . : , 1998. 379 .
4. -
(II) / M. A. , H. H. , . . , . . , A. A.
// . . . 2009. . 83, 10. . 19601962.
5. - . 1. - , / . . , . . , . . , . . // . 2010. . 5, 2. . 8890.
6. , . . - / . . , . .
, . . . . : - , 1985. 208 .
7. -II / M. A. ,
H. H. , . . , A. A. // . . . 2009. . 64, 12. C. 12761280.
8. Vapor pressure of C60 bukminsterfullerene / V. Piacente, G. Gigli, P. Scardala, A. Giustini, D. Ferro // J.
Phys. Chem. 1995. Vol. 99, 38. P. 1405214057.
Ni(OEP)

76

 , 2010, . 5, 3

678.031.8

.. , , .. , , .. , ,
.. ,
. ..
e-mail: alex.kaplun@mtu-net.ru
,
0.835 / 47 62%
, 1.5 12 .
It has been shown that spherical amorphous nanoparticles of lupane series triterpenoids at 0.835 mg/ml
concentration adsorb 47 62% of bilirubin when the content of the latter in blood plasma is 1.5 12 times higher than normal.
: , , , .
Key words: spherical amorphous nanoparticles, birchbark triterpenoids, bilirubin, adsorption.

,

.

.
;
,
.
: ,

.

CH3

CH3

OH

OH

CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3

HO
H 3C

CH3

CH3
CH3

CH3
HO
H3C

CH3
H2C

H 2C

H2C

CH3

: , , ,
, , .

;

, . .
,
(),

( : ,
, . 1), , , , , [1] .

CH3

HO
O
H3C

CH3

CH3

CH3

HO

. 1. (), () ().
, ,
25
, , , ,
5
, .
.
,
35-40.

, , ,
Sonorex TK-52 (Bandelin,
.
) 3



3 .
(

, );
(15 ) 2 ... .. (, ).
NaOH (25 /). 1


4, 8, 12 16
(1
( 50, 100, 150 200
, 5 /)
, ). 77

 , 2010, .5, 3

, (1 )
1 (1.67 /)
30 37.
60 10000 g, 100
( DU-7, Beckman,
). 100 1
1 (30 ,
50 , 7 ), 50
2 (29 )
555
. 1 1 100
. :

. [2, 3].

, , ,
. , -, , .
, , .
[46],

,
. () = 327 (A A ).


[7].
,
. 1.

,
, 0.835 / . 47 62% , , 1.5
, 12 (.. 29 229 ).
1. (0.835 /) .
,
29
79
129
179
229
,
18
46
80
96
108
, , %
62
58
62
54
47
, 170 .

(38 ),
, ..
(0.835 /)
50% ,
4.5 .
,
, , 3.5 19

[8].
,
30 35 .

, , .
. ,


(
, ,
02.512.11.2328).

:
1. ,
/ . . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . .
// . 2010. . 5, 2. . 7375.
2. , . . :
/ . . // . 2007. . 85, 10. . 1014.
3. , . . / . . , . . //
. . : , 1994. 5. . 36 38.
4. Landis, J. B. Kinetics of the reactions of unconjugated and conjugated bilirubins with p-diazobenzenesulfonic acid / J. B. Landis, H. L. Pardue // Clin. Chem. 1978. Vol. 24. P. 16901699.
5. Michaelsson, M. Bilirubin determination in serum and urine / M. Michaelsson // Scand. J. Clin. Lab.
Invest. 1961. Vol. 13, 56. P. 180.
6. Nosslin, B. The direct diazo reaction of bile pigments in serum. Experimental and clinical studies / B.
Nosslin // Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1960. Vol. 12, 49. P. 1176.
7. Meites, S. Studies on the use of the van den Bergh reagent for determination of serum bilirubin / S.
Meites, C. K. Hogg // Clin. Chem. 1959. Vol. 5. P. 470478.
8. / . , . , . , . . . 2. . : , 1993. 415 .
78

 , 2010, . 5, 3

547.436

2- ()
.. , , .. ,

. .. . ..
e-mail: nata1y_@inbox.ru

(2-
) .
The technology of obtaining high-purity taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) was investigated for the
purpose of applying the technology on an industrial scale.
: 2- , , ,
, , .
Key words: 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, taurine, industrial synthesis, monoethanolamine, sodium sulfite,
electrodialysis.

2-
(H2N-CH2-CH2-SO3H) 1827
[1]
,
taurus .
(, , ,
, ,
.),
. ,

. ,
-: H3N+CH2CH2SO3-
.
.

, . L- :

I L-; II ; III ; IV ;
1 ; 2 ; 3 + 6.

,
( 0.4
).
(,
, ),
, .
(, , )
.
(
70-
)

,

,
.


[2]:

;
;
;

;

;

;

;

;
, ;

.
,
(
, .), (,
..), (

).

, 79

 , 2010, .5, 3

, ,
;
- (, ).

: (,
, , ,
.) .
,
,

,

(, , .)
.

,
,
,
.
:
,
,
, -
.

. .. [3].


, .


,
.
L-, L-, L

,
.

(
96%) 70%.
,
, ,

.
,
, ,
.

:

1) :
H2NCH2OH+H2SO4 H2NCH2CH2OSO3H+H2O
2) ( ):
H2NCH2CH2OSO3H +Na2SO3 P-P H2NCH2CH2SO3H +Na2SO4


( ),
. ,

.
[4]

(8
)

- .
, ,

(
99%,
).

-
(. 1).
,

,
.
,
.
,
.

- , ,

,

,

.
..

.

80

 , 2010, . 5, 3

:
1. Hilton, J. The biosynthesis, function and deficiency signs of taurine in cats / J. Hilton // Can.Vet. J.
1988. Vol. 29, 7. P. 598601.
2. , . . : , / . .
. , 1999. 145 .
3. , . . -
: . . . : 03.00.23 / . ., 2004. 17 .
4. . 2066312 C07C309/14, C25B3/10. 2-
/ . . , . . , . . , . . , . . ,
. . , . . (). 4951139/04 27.06.1991 ; . 10.09.1996,
.15/2002.

81

 , 2010, .5, 3

544.143:537.17.084

-

,

*.. , ; *.. , ; **.. ,

; **.. , ; ***.. ,
; ****.. , ; ****.. ,
; *.. , ; *.. , ; *.. ,

* ...
** - -
-
***
**** ...
e-mail: ser-gus@mail.ru


- 6
. ,
, .
, ,
.
Styrene-divinylbenzene particles (6 microns in diameter) with carboxyl groups on the surface have been
synthesized by seed polymerization in the presence of an organosilicon carboxyl-containing surfactant soluble in
the monomer phase. It has been shown that carboxyl groups on the microsphere surface are accessible for
covalent immobilization of bioligands and alanine-modified polyvinylpyrrolidone. It was supposed that applying
modified polyvinylpyrrolidone for obtaining diagnostic systems based on polymer microspheres is very
perspective.
: - ,
, , .
Key words: organosilicon surfactant containing carboxyl groups, polymer microspheres, polyvinylpyrrolidone
modified with amino acid.

.
- [1]. (,
, ..) ,
.
,
, ,
..



.
, -

-

.


.


,

.
(, , , ) , ,

.

[2, 3, 4].
82

 , 2010, . 5, 3

(, , ,
..) , , ,
,
.

( ), ,

.
,
,
.. .
, ..
,
[5].
,
,
-,
[6] ( , , , )
, , [6] (
, , , ).

[7].
,
.
( ) (, ,
..)
, , - ,
,


.


.


(
)

.
, ,



. [8].



[9].
, , .
,

- .

, , , ,

, ,
.

, .
6
.
, ,
,
, ,
,
, .
, .
,

, ,
, ,
,

.

( ),
[10].
83

 , 2010, .5, 3

60.00.5 [11].

S-570 Hitachi ().
,
.
IB-3, EIKO ENGINEERING (), - 6 m,
- 900
0.05 .

ImageJ.

-1000.

,
,
~ 10%.
0.5 4%-

(NaCl)
0.15 . .


- 10%-

.
1
.
-.


. 4 %-
10 / 10:1 1 .
.
4% ,
30 / ( , 1
4%- 0.3 ). 1 .

10%.
-N- - . 4 %- 10 /
10:1 1 -

,
, t = 41 C
(10 ...) d420=0.906/3, nd20=1.5450;
( ) (Sigma
Aldrich);
() (Sigma Aldrich);
(),
;
(,
[10-])
( 2) :
O

Me

Me

Me

C CH2 Si O Si O Si CH2 C
10
10
30
HO
Me
Me
Me

OH

Me = CH3 ,
=2728 /, % COOH = 3.60 %;

25=132 ;

( ) (MERCK), Nethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, C8H17N3HCl;

(Sigma
Aldrich);
- (
) (Sigma);
;
0.3, =7.4;
(Sigma);
-N-
- ( )
.. . .. .
6 , ,

~6 ,
.

100 , ,

( ).



,
60 0.5.
,

15-20 .
.
2-3 .

24 , ,
84

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. . 10%
.
1 .
-N- .

-N- -

- . 5
-N-
-, 5 0.5%-
. 20 100 . ( 1.) -
.

. 1. ,
, .

,
, 1.
1. 6 .

100
6

10

2400

0.08

0.31
2
2.50

.
() .
~6 (. 2.).

6 (.3),
(.4),
, 1.014,

0.2 .

. 2. 6 .

. 3. .

. 4.
.

85

 , 2010, .5, 3

, , .
,
,

. [12,13]

-N- -.

, .


.

(1--3-(3-)
) =6.8
-N- . 5:

. 5.
.

, -N ,
(4.52108) ,
.
-N-
-

. ,
- , ,
. , ,
.

C
C
C

OH
OH

NH2

C
C

R C COOH
C

OH
H

RCHO

CO2

NH3

( 3-4)

, .

C
C

OH
OH

NH3

C
O

-.
. 6 .
6 ,
, ,

(. 6 ). ,
, (. 6

OH
H

O
C
C N C

).
, ,
, ,
.

,
,
, , 86

 , 2010, . 5, 3

. 6. ,
. () 6
; ()-
; ()
; ()
; ()
.

:
1. Bangs, L. B. Immunological applications of microspheres / L. B. Bangs // The Latex Course.
1996. N. 4. P. 129.
2. Uniform Polymer Particles by Dispersion Polymerization in Alkohol / C. M. Tseng [et al.] // J.
Polym. Sci. 1986. Vol. 24. P. 29953007.
3. Tuncel, A. Monosize Polystyrene Microbeads by Dispersion Polymerization / A. Tuncel, R.
Kahraman, E. Piskin // J. of Appl. Polym. Sci. 1993. Vol. 38, . 2. P. 303319.
4. / . . [
.] // . . 1989. . 31, 2. . 283268.
5. Arshady, R. Suspension, emulsion and dispersion polymerigation: A methodological survey / R.
Arshady // Colloid. Polym. Sci. 1992. Vol. 270, 8. P. 717732.
6. Bastosgonzalez, D. Electrokinetic Bihavior of Polystyrene Latexes with Differnt Surface GroupsEffect of Heat-Treatment / D. Bastosgonzalez, R. Hidalgoalvarez, F. J. Delasnieves // J. of Colloid and
Interface Science. 1996. Vol. 177, iss. 2. P. 372379.
7. - / . .
, . . , . . , . . , . . // .
2003. . 2 . 8185.
8. , . .
/ . . , . . , . . . . :
, 2005. 137 .
9. Analisis of Surface Aldehide Functions on Surfacant-Free Polystyrene/Polyacrolein Latex / C.
Ledissez [et al.] // Macromoleculas. 1996. Vol. 29, iss. 3. P. 953959.
10. Waterboer, T. Suppression of non-specific binding in serological Luminex assays / T. Waterboer,
P. Sehr, M. Pawlita // J. of Immunological Methods. 2006. Vol. 309. P. 200204.
11. / . . , . .
, . . , . . // : . .
-. ., , , 18 20 . 2001. , 2001. . 323324.
12. , . . / . .
, . . , . . // . 2009. . 5,
1. . 8193.
13.
/ . . [ .] // . 2009. . 5, 1. . 107
120.

87

 , 2010, .5, 3

678:541

.. , , .. , ,
.. , , .. ,
. ..
. ..
e-mail: naumova_yulia@mail.ru

.
The influence of solvent's chemical nature on the compatibility of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer and
polyurethane in solutions was investigated using data obtained from viscosity measurements.
: , , , ,
, , .
Key words: polymer blends, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyurethane, solution, solvent, viscosity,
compatibility of polymers.

.
, ,
,

.

.
,
,
[1].

(
), . ,

, ,
, , . [24].
,

.
, ,
,
. ,
[5]
[3, 6],
, .
,

[79],
, , -

,
: 1 2 (1) (2) (3).

(1) (2) (3)
,
.
-- :
(1)
KM ,
,
; .
, :

.
(2)
lim

lim

0
2
2
()
() (3) (4):

0
1 ,

(3)

(4)
; 0 .
,
, ,
. :

,
0

(5)

, ; 0
, .

,
88

 , 2010, . 5, 3

, , . ,
.
, [8, 9].
[79] ,
:

sp m

m cm bm c 2 m ,

(6)

m 2 3
m=C2+C3
[7, 8]
:
(7)
m 2 Y2 3 Y3 ,
Y2, Y3 2 3 .
,
2 3 :
(8)
bm b22Y2 2 2b23Y2Y3 b 33Y32 .
:
2

bii k ' i .

(9)

() Desmocoll
400 Bayer [10]
() SAN 350N Kumho [11].
-2,

( (), (), N,N (). 0.1
2.0 /.
:
.
6 , 25 10
.
5 .

, .
.

:

V0
,
(12)
Vi
i ,
, /100 ; 0 -
/100 ,
; Vi
, ; V0
, .


,
,
/ ln/, , / ln/ .
, / =
f() ln/ =f(), :
=a+bx.

, b

(13)
i C0

k , b23
, .
b23 ,
. , i-i j-j
:
(10)
b23* (b22 b33 )0.5 .
[7, 8] 2 3
:
(11)
b23 b 23 b23* .
b23 , ,
, , ,
.
[1, 2, 4],

, ,

.



. ,

,
.

[ ] k k' [ ]2 C

(13)

,
(1) (2) (3)
( 0.4-1.2 /)
,
. . 1
89

 , 2010, .5, 3

.
(8) b*23,
(10).

. ,
,
,
.

.

20/80 80/20,
50/50 .

b23 (. 1).

1.1
1

C1=1.2 /

0.8
C2=1.0 /

0.6
C3=0.8 /

C4=0.6 /

0.4

1. b23
.

b23

0.2
0.8
-0.076 0.009
-0.034
0.5
0.5
-0.067 0.139
0.029
0.8
0.2
-0.080 0.210
-0.053

C5=0.4 /

0.2
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

, ..

1.2
C 1=1.2 /

C2=1.0 /

0.8

C3=0.8 /
C4=0.6 /

0.4

C5=0.4 /

0
0

0.2

0.4
0.6
C , .

0.8

1.6

C1=1.2 /

1.2
C2=1.0 /

C3=0.8 /

0.8
C4=0.6 /

k m

C5=0.4 /

0.4

0.2

0.4
0.6
, ..

0.8

. 1.
-.
(: ; ; )
---*----- ;

, , (2) (3) ,


b23,
b23<0.
,
(1) (2) (3)


.


k m ,
:

, , [79], 90

bm

bm

2m 2m

(14)

m
(2) bm
(8) b23= b*23.
k m

. 2. , , .
b23,
k m = f(Y)

 , 2010, . 5, 3

k m - -

(1) (2) (3)

,
- ,

.
, b23
,
; ,
..,

.

b23.

. 2. Km
.

-
2009-2013 .

, b23
k m , -

:
1. , . . / . . . : , 1980. 304 .
2. , . . - / . .
. : , 1971. 364 .
3. , . .
/ . ., . . , . . // . 2009.
2. . 2226.
4. , . .
: . . : 051706 : 24.12.01 : . 15.03.02 /
. ., 2001. 205 .
5. , . . . .1. -
/ . . , . . . : , 1999. 544 .
6. , . . / .
., . ., . . // . 2008. . 3, . 3. . 3138.
7. Bohmer, B. On the possibility of estimating polymer compatibility from viscosity measurements of
ternary systems polymer-polymer-solvents / B. Bohmer, D. Berek, S. Florian // Europen Polymer Journal.
1970. Vol. 6. P. 471478.
8. Krigbaum, William R. Viscosities of binary polymeric mixtures / R. William Krigbaum, Frederic
T. Wall // J. of polymer science. 1950. Vol. 5, 4 P. 505514.
9. Cragg, L. H. The viscosity slope constant k - ternary systems: Polymer-polymer-solvent / L. H.
Cragg, C. C. Bigelow // J. of polymer science. 1955. Vol. 16. P. 177191.
10. http://www.bayermaterialsciencenafta.com/
11. www.kkpc.com/SGS/SAN350N.pdf

91

 , 2010, .5, 3

541(64+14)


*.. , , .. **, ,
**.. , , ****.. , ,
***.. , . , **.. ,
*
. ..
**
*** . . ..
****
e-mail: olkhov@miitht.rssi.ru

(3-) (10-20 .%)

, .
,

The influence of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (10-20 weight %) on the expenditure and accumulation of
chromophore groups was studied, as well as oxygen absorption upon photooxidation of a vinyl alcohol vinyl
acetate copolymer. The article suggests a kinetic model of the expenditure and accumulation of functional groups
upon photooxidation of the mentioned copolymer and of blends based on it..
: , ,
, .
Key words: polyhydroxybutyrate, copolymer of vinyl alcohol with vinyl acetate, photooxidation, polymer
blends.

()
. , ,
, . ,
, .

, ( 20%)
,
.
[6],
.

, , , ,
.

,

,
, ,
, ,
.
(3) (),
. , , - . ,
[1, 2],
[3, 4].

, ,

[5],
,
.
, ,

.

92

 , 2010, . 5, 3

BIOMER () ( ~
340000, 176,
69%),
8/27 () 27% 38000.

60 5 200 10
-20
() 20 25.
150 190.
(-1000)
(-60), SUNTEST XLS+,
.

, 2.10-8
.
0.1 C
.
.
,

Specord UV-Vis MultiSpec-1501.

,
,
= 254
-60 > 290
SUNTEST
XLS+, -
: , ,

. .
1, ,
,

, .


(20%) (. 1,
3 1). -,
. ,
,
.
1
2
3

At/A0
3.2
2.8
2.4
2.0
1.6
1.2
0.8

400

800

1200

1600
,

. 1. 357
-60 = 254 0.2
(1) 10 (2) 20% (3). ,
(1).

,

, [6],

. , , , , ,

, 30%
.
- ( ,
),
93

 , 2010, .5, 3

,
20% ,
(3-) [6].
- [7],
, -,

, .


. ,
(20%)
, .
,

.
20 /.
(16
/ [7]), ,
- (9 /). , -

, .

- ( 275 313 ).
,
[8], , .
,

[8]. , [9].
, ,

.
. 2, ,
50 , .

- ,
, , ( 280-290 ).

At/A0

1
2
3

1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

100

200

300

400

500
,

. 2. 357 (1), 312 (2) 278 (3)

-60 = 254
60 . , (1).
k0, k1 k2 (1) ( (2)) 7.14.10-2, (5.74.10-2),
3.48.10-3 (3.17.10-3) 3.48.10-3 -1 (5.01.10-3), a b 0.221 (0.224) 2.38 (1.26),
.

,
.
1- ,

PH PAG,
PCS:
k1
k2
PH PAG PCS
, , ,
94

 , 2010, . 5, 3

NAG:

k0
OCG,
OCG NAG

1-
( ) A/A0
-
:
A/A0 = a + (1 a) exp(-k0t) + b + [b/(k2/k1 - 1)] exp(-k2t) {b k2/[ k1(k2/k1 - 1)]} exp(-k1t),
(1)
a b ,
t, k0, k1 k2
OCG, PH PAG, .
. 2,
(1). ,
k1 k2
k0. , OCG
PCS,
PAG.
(1) , ,
(. 1).
,
,

.
,


.

,

SUNTEST
XLS+.
(w)
OCG, ,
().
. 3 w

ln w = ln w0 (E/R)(1/T 1/T0),
(2)
w0
T0 ( T0 = 293 ),
, R
.

2.0

1.6

ln w

1.2

1
0.8

0.4

0.0
2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

-1

1/T - 1/T0, K

. 3. OCG

(20%) (1) (2). ,
(2) w0 = 1, T0 = 293 , = 30.4 /.

(2)
20 70
30 /.

30 80 (39
/, = 254
95

 , 2010, .5, 3

[10]).
,

.
, 20% ,

(. 3).

,


.
, -

,

. , -, .OH,
, CO2, [7].
, , ,

,
-.
(20 /) ,
,
, -
.

:
1. , . . / . . ,
. . , .. . : , 2006. 130 .
2. , . . , / . .
, . . // . 2001. 2. . 4246.
3. , . . -3-
/ . . , . . , . . // . . .
2002. . 44, 11. . 20432047.
4.
() / . . , . . , . . , . . // . 1998.
6. . 1923.
5. Microbial degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyvalerate) in soils. / J. Mergaert [et al.] // Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1993. Vol. 59, 10. P.
32333238.
6.
/ . . , . . , . . , . .
, . . // . . . 2003. . 45, 12. . 20102016
7. / . . , . . , . . , . .
// . 2008. 1. . 3133.
8. , . , / . , .
. . : , 1978. 676 .
9. Geuskens, G. Photolysis and radiolysis of polyvinylacetateII : Volatile products and absorption
spectra / G. Geuskens, M. Borsu, C. David // Eur. Polym. J. 1972. Vol. 8, 7. P. 883892.
10. Geuskens, G. Photolysis and radiolysis of polyvinylacetateIII : Effect of temperature on the
photolysis / G. Geuskens, M. Borsu, C. David // Eur. Polym. J. 1972. Vol. 8, 12. P. 13471353.

96

 , 2010, . 5, 3

:678

*. . , , *.. , ,
**.. ,
*
. ..
** . ..
e-mail: vicyul@rambler.ru

. ,
.
1,2-
,
The influence of the elastomer nature on the properties of mixtures and of dynamic thermoplastic elastomers
based on polyethylene was analyzed. It was shown that the nature of rubber affects the character of deformation and
mechanical properties of materials. The dynamic thermoplastic elastomers based on 1,2-polybutadiene retain their
properties upon artificial ageing and are more stable than those based on ethylenepropylenedienic rubber (EPDM).
: , ,
, - , .
Key words: thermoplastic elastomer, composites, EPDM, physical and mechanical characteristics, ageing of
samples.

()

()
( ).


[1, 2].
: , , ,
, ,
.. [14].
40 .%
, , , [1, 5]. ,
,

.

[1, 2].
()
- (),
, -
[6, 7].
1,2 (),
[7].
, ,
,

.

, 1,2 (1,2-)
.


276-73
: 0.91 /3; 41 ;
620%; 64%. . 1.
1.

1,2-

712
1,2-/1,468 / 6.6
-, %

52:48
: , %

63
31
4.5
, . %
.
.

, ( 100 .. )
(0.75 ..), (1.88 ..),
(0.75 ..),
(0.53 ..), (0.19) [8]. -100
97

 , 2010, . 5, 3

50 /. 165.



170 10
.
20.

24
. 1

- [10], , 0.49 0.42
1,2- [7]; , 89.4
3/ [9]; , 0.85
() 0.91 /3 (1.2- ) [7].
170 90 / .
5-
, 15 . 30 40
.%.
.
170 10 .

535 .

0.01 .


AUTOGRAPH AGS-H
Shimadzu. 20
/. , .
DTAS-1300 25 180
16 /.
70
24 .

, .. ,
. . ,
,
,

,

[9].

1,2-, : () = 16.48;
() = 16.79; (1,2-) = 17.05 /3. ,
-, -1,2-.
,
,
[1, 8, 10].

(. 2).
2.

1,2-
712

,
4.00
3.00
, .
18.00
8.00
, 90, .
,
7.1
20
Vc, %/

10-3 , /3
15
1.7

2.20.1
5.50.2
,

48020
39015
, %
,

, 1,2-. 165 8 , 1,2- 18 .
, 3
4 .
1,2- 170 10 . ,
[11], ,
.
1,2-
170 , 10 .


(. 3).
98

 , 2010, . 5, 3

3. 70 .% 30 .%
.

,
, %

. ,
.
,

.
(. 1).

1.2-

1341

1322

1322

641

651

601

3
5
30
4

20
2 1

10

1
2

12

40

14

50

10
8
6
4
2
0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

, %

100
200
, %

300

. 1. (, 5), - () -1,2- ():

, 30 (1) 40 .% (2) ;
30 (3) 40 .% (4).

. ,

30 .% , .
, ,
, 30,
. 40 .% , (. 1).
, 30 .%

70 .%
(. 2).
,

.

40 . %
(. 2).
, .

. ,
, 1,2-,
,
(. 1). .

. 2. () ()
30 .% 1,2- 70 .% .

(.
4).
, -

,
40
.%,

- , 1,2-.
99

 , 2010, . 5, 3

, ,
. . 2
1,2-, 170

10 . ,
.
1,2-
.

4. . *

, %
0

,
39 3

, %
620 15

, %
600 10

30

12.1 0.5
14.7 0.3

60 15
230 20

30 5
130 10

40

10 .9 0.5
13 .8 0.4

70 10
320 18

23 3
154 10

30

15.5 0.5
40.3 0.8

260 10
620 15
220 9
360 15

200 8
370 13
180 7
140 8

12.0 0.6
24.2 0.7
*
, .

40

.
27
.
1
2
(. 3, 3,4) (. 5)
18
1,2- ,
4
.
3

9

0
(. 3 1, 2, . 5). 0
200
400
600
,
,
, %

. 3. (1,3)
. ,
(2,4)
1,2-
1,2- (3,4) (1,2).
40 .%.
.
5. - - -,
*. 40 .%.

,
,%
,%
13 . 8
320
150
- -
13 . 9
270
120
-

330
570

24 . 0
24 . 5

360
330

,
,
,

.
,

.
02.740.11.0143
1,215.06.2009
100

 , 2010, . 5, 3

:
1. , . . / . .
, . . // . 2001. . 70, 1. . 7287.
2. , . . / . . . :
, 2004. 170 c.
3. Coran, A. Y. Dynamic vulcanization: a new rout to thermoplastic elastomers / A. Y. Coran //
Polym. Process. Eng. 1987-1988. Vol. 5, 3-4. P. 317326.
4. , . : 2 . / . , . : . . . . ..
.: , 2009. . 2. . 606 c.
5. -
/ . . , . . , . . , . .
, . . // . 2009. 1. . 25.
6. , . .
- / . . , . .
, . . // . 1998. 4. . 711.
7. : 2 . / . . . . : , 1981. . 2. 512 .
8.
/ .
. [ .] // . 2006. . 48, 9. . 16161627.
9. , . . / . . . . :
, 1976. 416 .
10. , . .
/ . . , . . , . . // . 2009.
4. . 1518.
11. , . / . . , . . , . .
. . : , 2009. 134 .

101

 , 2010, . 5, 3

678.067.5

.
.. -, , A.. , ,
.. , , .. , ,
.. ,

. ..
e-mail: zaroubina@yandex.ru
, - , :
DER-332, DER-330, -20, -16, ().
, .
The influence of molecular weight, molecular mass distribution, heterogeneity and low-molecular fraction
content on the rheokinetics of epoxy resins DER-332, DER-330, ED-20, ED-16 cured with an amine-type
hardener triethylenetetraamine was studied. Three characteristic stages of the epoxy oligomers curing were
determined. The stages depend on the molecular characteristics of the oligomers.
: , , , -
, , .
Key words: epoxy resins, hardener, molecular weight, molecular mass distribution, fractional composition,
kinetics of curing of epoxy oligomers.

(), ,
()
: , ,
, .
,

-
[1].
,

. () () [2].
,
.
[3] ,
,
,
, .

(,
)


[4]. [4] -

,
(, , )

n = 0 (1- ) .
,
1- DER330 DER-332 ( Dow Chemical) -20,
-22, -16 -8
1- .


.
(
),
[5],

, , .

[6].


.

102

 , 2010, . 5, 3

.

-20 -16 ( 10587-84), DER-330 DER-332
( Dow Chemical). , 1-
.

[1],
( ) . . [7].


() ( Dow Chemical),

(4- ),


.
,
.


20, 30, 40 ,
[8]. (), i-
.
. 1 , 20 30.

, [9].
,

, .
, 30 400,
,
,
.

. ,
, , ,
.

,
.
[9, 10] , .

:
()
(t) (. 2)
(1/)
(. 3).

. 2.
DER-330 + 20
.

,
. 2 3,
() : 1-
,

t (
); 2-
t,

t 3- ,
t

. 1.
DER-332 + (1); DER330 + (2); -20 + (3) 20 16+ (4) 30 .

+ , 1- ,

103

 , 2010, . 5, 3

t (
). 2- 3-
t t t. (. 2).

t,

+ .
2- ,
. . [11],
, .

-.
, .
, , .
t
(1/) , ..
,
(. 3).
, (
. 3)

1- . , ,
,
,

.
25 34 . %
65 .%.
( ..
3- ),

(4- )

,
() 90-98 . %.

,
,

[7].
, (1-3
)

. 3. 1/
DER 330 + (1)
20 + (2) 20.

t (
) ,
[7, 9] , 1-
( t), ..

, ,

~ 1000
.
(t)
,
1 3,
(. 2).
DER-330 ( = 364) -20 ( = 402)
1-
n = 0 92 81 . %, ,
t 20
103 61 .
30 t
-20 ( = 402) -16 ( =
635) 24 15 ,
, DER-332 DER-330 89 57 .
t
,

[9, 10]
,
=3.4
= .
,
(
n > 1) 1- n = 0,
104

 , 2010, . 5, 3

.
(
)
(1-3 ) .
t , ,
t
, . . 1
,
. , , ,

.
t , .
,
t. ,
, 1-
t.

(
)

.

1. .

DER-332
DER-330
-20
-16

346
364
402
635

1 ,
. .
0.99
0.92
0.81
0.43

t () , o

. . [7]

. , .

10 80 . %
360 900,
.
,

n 1. -16 ( = 635)
-8 ( = 1203 ) 25
70 . %, DER-332 ( = 346) DER330 ( = 364) 0 10 . %.
,

(c n = 0) 20
( n >1),

.
[6, 11],

( )
.
, ,
,
.

, -

20

30

40

175
103
61
-

89
57
24
15

35
25
15
-

,
/
61
54
56
-

.

[7] ,
1-3
.

t, ..
.

. 4.
-20+
(1) (2)
120 3 .

. 4
, -20+

120 3 .

.
103

 , 2010, . 5, 3

(. 4),
-20 1- t 42 61
,
[7].
( )
,

.
. 5 ( )
t t.

,

. ,
,

.
(DER-332 - = 346 DER-330 - =
364) ( 0
10 . %) t t 100
230
30-35 . % 50

65 .%.

, 35 . %


65 . %
-

.
, ,
, .

. 5. t (1) t (2)

.

t t . 2.
,


.

2. ,
.

1- ,
,

20

. .
[7], . .
[7]
t,
t,
DER-332
346
0.99
175
230
DER-330
364
0.92
0.1
103
120
-20
402
0.81
0.17
7.3 103
61
95
-16
635
0.43
0.51
5.8 103
(17)
(23)
30.
,

( 1-3) ,
t
t, 1-3

.

,
+. 2-
.
-
106

 , 2010, . 5, 3

, ;

.

, , , 1-
.

:
1. / . . [ .]. : . ,
1990. 200 .
2. : / . . [ .]. . :
-, 2006. 200 .
3. -
/ . . [ .]. // . 2009. . 4, 5. . 8790.
4.
/ . . [ .] // . 2009. 9. . 36.
5. , . . / . . ,
. . . . : , 1985. 285 .
6. , . . / . . , .
. . . : , 2008. 269 .
7. , . . /. . . : -
. 2004. 446 .
8. , . . . / . . , . .
. . : , 1979. 304 .
9. Malkin, A. Y. Rheokinetics: Rheological Transformations in Synthesis and Reactions of Oligomers
and Polymers. / A. Y. Malkin, S. G Kulichikhin. John & Sons, Incorporated, 1998. 326 .
10. , . .
/ . . , . . // . 2008. . 3,
1. . 8288
11. / . . [ .]. . : , 1983.
386 .

107

 , 2010, . 5, 3

:620.3:678:620.17

,

- .
.. , , .. , , .. , ,
.. ,

. ..
e-mail: ivan@iskvortsov.ru

.
.
It was considered the influence of the content of low concentrations of carbon nanotubes on physical and
mechanical properties of epoxy composite. It was showed the extreme changes in the properties in a narrow range of
concentrations of modifier.
: , , , , ,
, , .
Key words: carbon nanotubes, nanocomposite, oligomer, composite, low concentrations, epoxy, binder, resin.

, ().
,
, .
,


,

.


, -
. , ,
, .
,
. [1], ()
(-22) ( )
(0.001 0.1%),
. ,
2 4 , . [2], 0.1%. , 0.5%
,
[3],
.

.

. ,

.
, .
10 15 .

.

. , .
,


.
. -20 ( 10587-84),
(). , 0% 1% (.) .

11262-76
-1122,
25.604-82.
:
5% 5 .
, ,
, .

108

 , 2010, . 5, 3
.
24 20C 10
150C. ,
.

, 0.1% , .
,
.

- 5% 1%,


. 0.2%,
20C
- .



, . 1.

.1. (1) (2) .

, . 1, ,
[4, 5],

(1) lim,
0.2%, . 0.2% .
,

. ,
,

max, ,
, , ,


(max) ,
. ,
,
. , , .

, ,
lim ,
0.2% max ,
,
.
.
:

1

, (1)
lim max 1 s ,
3
(1.8 / ), s
(
(600 2/), ). (0.1 ).
0.1 0.3%
max
,


20%. .
, :
1. , .
/ . . [ .] // : . . -2008, ,
, 26 30 2008. , 2008. . 2. . 177180.
2. , . . / . . , . . ,
. . . : , 2000. 360.
3.
/ . . [ .] / Rusnanotech 08 : . .
Rusnanotech 08, ., , 3 5 . 2008. ., 2008. . 410412.
4. Ajayan, P. M. Nanocomposite Science and Technology / P. M. Ajayan, L. S. Schadler, P. V. Braun.
Weinheim : WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA , 2003. 236 p. ISBN: 3-527-30359-6.

109

 , 2010, . 5, 3
5. , . . / . . // . 2001. . 70,
10. . 934973.

. 2006 .
.
.. ().
,

() .
,
, , ,
- , :
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
6.
7.

8. - .
: www.mitht.ru
2006.
4
.
, .
.
, 36924.
.

110