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6biJIOe 3HalleHHe, H TOprOB:biM :QeHTPOM pyCCKOrO
JibHOBO,ZJ;CTBa cTan ApxaHrem:.cK.
KcraTH, y ,n;peBHHX cnaBHH ponb ,n;eHer BbiiTOJI-
HHJI JieH H H3rOTOBJieHHa.si H3 Hero TKaH:b - ITOJIOT-
HO. llMeHHO OT CJIOBa ITOJIOTHO npOH30lliJIO BCeM
HaM H3BeCTHOe CJIOBO - 11JiaTHTb!
B Bonor,n;e ,n;enanH paHLrne H .n;enaiOT B HarnH
,ZJ;HH TOHllaHlliHH JieH, H3 KOTOporo ' ITJieTYT 6JIOH-
,ZJ;bl- HeBeCOMhle pOCKOlliHbie Kpy)J{eBa. llJieCTH
no,n;o6mue Kpy)J{eBa MO)J{HO JIHllib B noMem;eHIDIX c
BbiCOKOH BJia)J{HOCT:biO B03,n;yxa-- - OT, cyxoCTH TOH-
Krul JI:biDIHrui HHTb pBeTcst. HMeHHO no3TOMY nyq-
10
lliHe CBOH TBOpeHIDI MacrepH::QDI npolllJIOrO C03,lJ;a
BaJIH B CblphiX -H: XOJIO,ZJ;HblX' ITO,ZJ;BaJiax:; ' Cent,ZJ;HH;
HeCMOTPH Ha 60JiblliHe H3MeHeHIDI B llpOH3BO,i(CTBe
HHTeii H Bonoro,n;cKoe Kpy)J{eBo no-npe-
nneTYf BPYlJHYIO '
06pa6oTKa JibiDIHoro CbipbH Bcer,n;a 6Lma TPY.n:o-
eMKo:H:, a ee MexaHH3aiJ;IDI ,n;asanacb OTileHbTH)J{eJio.
MHorHe crpaHbi pa3BHBaJIH, a 3aTeM CBopaliHBaJIH
npoH3Bo,n;cTBO JibHa. HanoneoH I KOHKYPC
C npeMHeH B MHJIJIHOH cppaHKOB TOMY, KTO pa3pa6o-
TaeT nponecc nonyqeHIDI TOHKOH np,g)J{H MexaHH-
qecKHM CITOC060M H TeM CaMbiM H36aBHT <l>paHQHIO
OT BB03a TeKCTHJILHoro CbipMI. KpynHLIH YlJeHhlH
XHMHK feii-JIIOCCaK H MeXaHHK <1>. )I(Hpap pelliHJIH
3TY 3a,n;aqy, COBeplliHB nepeBOpOT B npOH3BO,ZJ;CTBe
JibHHH:biX TKaHe:H:. O,n;HaKo 3TOT cnoco6 6LIJI H3o6-
peTeH y)J{e nocne na,n;eHIDI HanoneoHa. TaK KaK 3TO
H306peTeHHe 6biJIO CBH3aHO C HaiTOJieOHOBCKHMH
3aM:biCJiaMH, Ha pO,ZI;HHe ero OHO
ITOJIYliHJIO npH3HaHHe. )I(Hpap 6biJI BbiHy)K,ZJ;eH HC
KaTb npHMeHeHHe .eMy 3a rpaHH:QeH. flo npe,n;JIO-
)J{eHHIO AlleKcaH,n;pa I OH ocHoBan B B
llpHBHCJIHHCKOM Kpae, nepByiO B PoccHH H B
MeXaHHl{eCKYIO ITOJIOTHHHYIO cpa6pHKY; H3 KOTO-
po:H: BllOCJie,ZJ;CTBHH BblpOCJia 3HaMeHHTaH )1\Hpap-
,ZJ;OBCKa.si MaHycpaKrypa.
MalllHHHoe YTPOHJIO npoH3BO,ZJ;H-
TeJI:bHOCTb Tpy,n;a ITO cpaBHeHHIO C CaMOllpHJIKOH.
Heo6hllla:H:Ho Bbipoc cnpoc Ha neH, npe:>K,n;e -Bcero
pyccKHH, B BenHKo6pHTaHHH. Y )J{e B 183 7 ro,n;y
HMnopT JI:bHa H3 PoccHH B BenHKo6pHTaHHIO
11
npeBhlmaJI 1, 7 Mmi ny.n;oB, H .n;omrPoccHH B o6m;eM
JJbHa B :nyc1pany .n;ocTHrana 70 %. Eme .qe-
pe3 1 OJieT JieH. CTaJI OCHOBHOH CTaTbeH pyccKoro
3KcnopTa, a PocciDI .-- - rnaBHbiM nocTaBIIJ;HKOM ero
He TOJibKO B BeJIHK06pHTaHHIO, HO If BO BCe .n;pyrHe
3ana.n;:HoeBponeiicKHe C1J>aHbi. c 'Pa3BHTOH JihHone-
pepa6aThlBaiOm;eii npoMhliiiJieHHOCTDIO. Bo BH)'T-
peHHeM n;o1pe6neHHH neH B PoccHH 3aHHMan Tor.na
nepBoe MeCTO nocne xne6a. . .
HecKQJIDKO pa3 no.smneHHe HOBbiX, npom;e o6pa-
6oTaHHhlX BOJIOKOH (xnonqaT06)'Ma.JKHDIX, BHCK03-
HbiX 11 cit:HTeTifqeCKHX), Ka3aJIOCh, CTaBHJIO JIDHonpo-
H3BO.ZJ:CTBO Iia rpaHh KaTaC1J>o$hl. Ho npoH3Bo.n;cTBo
JibiDIHbiX TKaHeii coxpaHHJIOCh, npHqeM coqeTaHHe
JlbHa. C HOBhlMH BOJIOKHaMH ll03BOJIHJIO o6ecneqlfTb
BbiCOKHe ll01pe6HTeJibCKHe CBOHCTBa TKaHeH.
3a llOCJie,ZJ;Hee BpeMH H3MeHHJIOCb OTHOilleHHe KO
JibHY, noKynaTeJIH nepecTanH 6o.siTbCH ero ecTecT.,
BeHHoii MHTOCTH. fopa3.n;o :u,eHHee cTana .ZJ:JIH HHx
ero 3KOJIOrHqHOCTh, neqe6Hnie cBoiicTBa.
. flo no.n;cqeTaM 6oTaHHKOB, Ha Hameif UJiaHeTe
HacqHTbiBaeTCH OKOJIO 300 BH,ZJ;OB JlbHa, pacnpo-
C1paHeHHbiX B If cy61pOlllfqecKHX
paiioHax 3eMHoro mapa, npe)I()J;e Bcero; Cpe.n;H3eM-
HOMOpbH 11 Ha ceBepo-3ana.n;e CeBepHoii AMepHKH.
PacTeHIDI 3toro po.n;a - o.n;HoneTHHe HJIH MHO-
roneTHHe 1paBLI, o6pa3yiOm;He pbiXJihle KYCTbi, co-
CTOHIIJ;He 113 TOHKHX, TBep,ZJ;biX, HHOr.n;a ,IT;peBeCHeiO-
IIJ;HX CTe6JieH. Q:seTKH paCKp'biBaiOTCH TOJibKO B
conHeqHhlH .n;eHb . EniC1J>O ot:u,BeTaiOT. Ho Ha rrep-
. BbiH B3rJIH,ZJ; KaJKeTCH, qTO. JieH IJ,BeTeT npo,ZJ;OJIJKH-
12
1160 llOCTOHHHO 01paCTai0T BCe HO-
Bbie If HOBbie CTe6:JIH.
Kor.n;a rycTo ceiOT Ha BOJIOKHO, paCTeHIDI
,lJ;OCTHraiOT B Cpe.n;HeM OT 0,9 ,ZJ;O 1,2 M B BhiCOry, C
TOHKHMH CTe6JUIMH OT 2,5 ,ZJ;O 4 MM B ,ZJ;HaM1pe II C
BeTBHMH, CKOH:U,eH1J>HpOBaHHbiMH B BepxHeH qac-
TH. PacTeHHH, KOTOpbre KYJibTHBHpyiOT Ha ceMeHa,
HHJKe H CHJibHOBeTBHCTbie.
HecKOJibKO BH.n;OB JihHa Hcnonn3YIOTCH B .n;eKopa-
THBHOM Ca,ZJ;OBO,ZJ;CTBe.
PacTeHHe. nerKo , npHcnoca6nHBaeTcH K pH.n;y
noqB H KJIHMaToB, Ho nyqme Bcero pacTeT Ha xopo-
mo .n;peHHpyeMOM; necqaHJlCTOM CyrJIHHKe If B yMe- .
peHHOM KJIHMaTe. B 6onnmHHCTBe perHOHOB 3aCeB
o.n;Hoii H Toil JKe 3eMJIH JihHOM orpaHHqeH 1 pa30M B
6 JieT, qTo6bi H36eJKaTb HCTOIIJ;eHIDI noqBbl. IJpo-
XJia,ZJ;Hhle, Chlpbie ro.n;hl B03,ZJ;eJibiBaHIDI .n;aroT Haa6o-
nee JKenaeMoe BOJIOKHO. Y6opKa o6hlqHo npoHcxo-
.ZJ:HT llOCJie TOrO, KaK HHJKHHH qaCTb . CTe6JIH CTW!a
JKeJITOH, HO ,ZJ;O TOro, KaK IIJIO,ZJ; llOJIHOCTbiO C03peeT.
B pe3yJILTaTe HCKYCCTBeHHOH cne:u,HaJIH3a:U,HH
KYJihTYPbi JihHa nonyqHJIHCb pa3Hbie BH.ZJ:hl- npH-
.ZJ:HJibHhie If MaCJIIfqHhle. flepBhle HOCHT o6m;ee Ha-
3BaHHe .n;onryH:u,oB, a BTOphle- Ky.n;pHmeii. KaK
nepeXO,ZJ;Hhle M.eJK,ZJ;y 3THMH .ZJ:BYMH OCHOBHb1MH TH-
naMH npoMeJKyTOqHhle $opMbl JlbHOB, TaK Ha3hl-
BaeMbl MeJKe)'MKH.
JleH:-,ZJ;OJiryHe:U, H.n;eT Ha BOJIOKHO, y Hero MaJIO-
BeTBHCThlH CTe6eJib BbiCOTOH 60-150 CM.
JleH-Ky.n;pHm - MacJIHqHaH KYJILTYPa co cTe6neM
BbiCOTOH ,ZJ;O 50 CM. JleH-KY.ZJ:PHill OTJIHqaeTCH TeM,
13
lffO OH; IIO cpmmeHHIO. C HH3KOpOCJThlH
If CHJihHO BeTBHTC.SI: BeTBJieHHe HaqlfHaeTC.si C
HeH qaCTH CTe6JUI, C 60JihiiiHM KOJIHqeCTBOM UBeTOB.
ll;BeTbi 6onee KpyiiHbie, qeM y .noJII]'Hna. CeMeHa
KpynHee, qeM y .no.JII)'Hll:a. KopHeBa.H CHCTeMa pa3-
BHTa .rryqme; JleH-KY.L(pmii B03.L(eJThiBaeTCH Ha CeMe-
Ha, Ha MaCJIO. BOJIOKHa ,naer MWIO, If OHO
HIDKe KaqeCTBOM, qeM BOJIOKHOJThHa-.L(OJIIYHUa.
Me)J(eYMKH cTe6.enh HMeJOT.Kopoqe, qeM y .non-
ryHu;a, BeTBHTCH OT OCHOBaHif}l, KOpo6oqeK HeCyr
cpe,nHee KOJIHqecTBO. 3ToT, neH cqHTaeTcH BorioK-
HHCTo-MacnHqHhiM. OH .naeT 11 BonoKHo, 11 ceMeHa,
H.zzymne Ha Macno. BonoKHa nonyqaeTCH 113. Hero
MeHbme H KaqecTBOM OHO Xy)J(e, qeM BOJIOKHO .L(OJI-
ryHn;a, Hb ceMHH 3TOT neH .naer 6onhme.
lf3 .L(Hi<HX MHOrOJieTHHX . BH.L(OB HaH60JibiDee
CXO.L(CTBO C KYJihTYPHhiM IIOCeBHbiM JlhHOM HMeeT
Y3KOJIHCTHhiH neH:
IIo iipe.nnono)J(eHHIO yqeHhiX, KYJihTYPHhiH no-
ceBHolf neH npo113omen HMeHHo or Y3KOJIHCTHoro
.L(HKOfO JlbHa, C KOTOpbiM OH JierKO CKperu;HBaeTCH If
,naeT BIIOJIHe IIJIO.L(OBHTOe IIOTOMCTBO.
IJ;eJib BCeH o6pa60TKH JlbHa - ny6HHbie BOJIOK-
Ha oT,nenHTh oT .npeBecHHhi. IIpH 3TY
pa6ory 11pOH3BO.L(}IT 6aKTepHH, a IIpH paCCTIDie,
KpOMe 6aKTepHj:i, ,neHCTByJOT eru;e If IIJieCHeBhie
rp116m. EaKTepHH pa3pymaJOT cKJieHBaJOru;ee Be-
ru;ecTBO If TaKHM o6pa30M OT.L(eJUIIOT ny6HHhie BO-
JIOKHa OT ,npeBeCHHbl. ,[(mi. OKOHqaTeJihHOrO OT.L(e-
JieHif}l BonoKHa oT .npeBecHHhi neH MHYT 11 rpeii-
JIJOT.
14
.,
Y6opKa ceMHH JihHa :8 .HacToHru;ee BpeMH Mexa-
HH3HpOBaHa . CymaT B 3epHocymHJIKax HJIH Ha To-
Kax IIO.L( 3annfTOH-KpbiiDH; CeMeHa OT BJiarH OCJIH3-
H}IJOTCH; .
Jleu o6biKHOBeuuwii - - . Linum usitatissimum,
H3 ceMeilcTBa neHOBhiX. Ha3BaHHe 11pmrcxo-
.L(HT or rpeqecKoro linom>- 11 KeJIBTCKoro lin.
,Z::Wyr.He Ha3BaHif}l JlbHa. 06hiKHOBeHiiOro: JieH 110-
CeBHOH, MoqeHeiJ;, HJibHeiJ;, HJIJ>H}IK, JIIO-
qeHeiJ;, cnaHeu;. , ... : .
3To o,nHoJierHee rpaBHHHCToe pacreHHe. KopeHh
y JlhHa CTep)KHeBOH, 3TO pacTeHHe BJiarOJII06HBOe.
CTe6enh y Hero HeBhiCOKHH, TOHKHH, . BeTBHCthiH.
JlbH}!Hhie BOJIOKHa paCIIOJIO)J(eHhl BHJTPH CTe6IDI B
BH,l:(e BhiTHH)'ThiX 110 .L(JIHHe ny6HHhiX IIyqKOB.
B Ka)J(.L(OM ny6HiiOM tryqKe co.nep)J(HTCH oT 1 0 .no
40 OT.L(eJibHhiX MaJieHhKHX BOJIOKOHeiJ;. Kaji(.L(Oe BO-
JIOKOHIJ;e - 3TO CHJihHO BhiTHHyraH 3aOCTpeHHa.H Ha
KOHIJ;e KJieTKa C oqeHb yronru;eHHbiMH 11poqHhiMH
cTeHKaMH. CJ)I(eHHhie KOHUhi BOJIOKOHeu; 11pOHHKa-
IOT Me)J(.L(y )'TOJII:IJ;eHH.siMH COCe.L(HHX BOJIOKOHeiJ;.
BonoKoHu;a cKJieeHhi Me)J(.L(y co6oU: KJieHru;HM Be-
ru;ecTBOM ( lleKTHH) If 96pa3y10T rrytiKH. KJieHru;ee
Beru;eCTBO OKpyx<aeT H BOJIOKHHCThie rryqKH If CO-
e,nHHHeT HX C ,npeBeCHHOH.
JlHCThH y JlhHa qepe:zzyJOru;HeC.si Ha CTe6Jie, CH.L(}I-
qlfe, YMHHeHHO-JiaHn;eTOBH.L(Hhie, nenhHOKpaHHHe,
ManeHhKHe, KaK 11pasiDio, Y3KHe, MaJI03aMeTHhie.
KpaCHBbie IJ;BeTKH, IIOHBJUIIOll1;HeCH Ha CTe6Jlj{X,
pacryru;HX 113 KOHqlfKOB BeTBeH, HMeiOT Il.siTh JielleC-
TKOB, 06hJqHO CHHHe 110 IJ;Bery, HO. HHOr,na 6eJihie
15
IUJH;p030BLie, pacnono:>KeHhi-B BH.n;e KHCTeo6pa3HO-
ro nony3oHTHKa; , qametiKa H -BeiftiHK ' rnrmpa3.n;e-
JihHbie, npaBHJibHble,, Tbf'IHHOK-IDITh.'IleCTHK-O)l;HH,
C IDITbiO CTOJI6HKaMH. TbiqHHKH CHHHe. IJ;BeTeT B
HIOHe-aBryCTe, llJIO,n:bl C03peBaiOT' C -HIOIDI llO aB-
rycT: "
Ilno.n: JibHa -- . Kopo6ol1Ka. ManeHbKJfe mapo-
BH.LJ:Hbie KOpo6oqKH, H3 IDITH ,li;OJieH, CO-:
.n;ep:>KaT ceMeHa. CeMeHa -nbHa OBaJibHo-crunocHY-
Tbie, 3aOCTPeHHbie C O)l;HOrO KOHQa, .n;JIHHOH 4--6 MM;
lliHpHHOH MM H TOJIIQHHOH 2 MM; iloBepXHOCTb
cewm rna.n;KaH, KbpwmeBoro 'QBeTa.
BKyc cna.n;'KoBaTo-cnH3HCTbrn. 3anax oTcyrcTByeT.
CeMeHa JibHa co.n;ep:>KaT :>KHpHoe BbiCbiXaiOIQee
MaCJIO (30-48 %), B COCTaB KOTOporo BXOMT 'rpH-
rJIHQepH,n:bi JIHHOJieHOBOH (35-45 >%), JIHHOJieBOH
(25-35 %), OJieHHOBOH (15-20 %), llaJibMHTHHOBOH
H CTeapHHOBOH KHCJIOT; CJIH3b - 5-12 %, 6enOK-
18-33 %, yrneBO.LJ:bl- 12-26 %, opraHHqecKHe .
KHCllOTbi, <t>epMeHThi, BHTaMHH A, cTeponbi.
Bee pacTeHHe ( oco6eHHO npopocTKH nbHa) co-
.n;ep:>KHT .n;o 1,5 % rnHK03H,n:a nHHaMapHHa, paciQen-
ngeMoro JIHHa30H Ha CHHHllbHYJO KHCJIOry, rniOK0-
3Y H aQeTOH. B o6onoqKax ceMHH Haii.n;eHbi
BbiCOKOMOJieKyngpHbie coe,n:HHeHHH; . ,n:aiOIQHe npH
rH,n:pOJIH3eJIHHOKa$eHH,JIHHOQHHaMapHH;
JhBeCTHbl pa3HOBH)l;HOCTH llbHa.
Jleu MHOro.ileruuii: - L. Perenne, HJIH neH
)l;OJirOBeqHbiH, pacnpOCTPaHeH BO BCeM yMepeH-
HOM noHce ceBepHoro nonymapHH. BCTpeqaiOTCH
,n:Ba llO)l;BH,n:a: neH MHOroneTHHH 06biKHOBeHHbiH C
16
rycTOJIHCTBeHHbiMH- CTe6JIHMH . H- MaJieHBKHMH .
QBeTl<aMH.
Ha ,r:opHbiX nyrax, Ha H3BeCTHJIKOBbiX cKlloHax
paTeT neH MHOroneTHHH BeTBHCTbiH, y KOTOporo
6onee KpynH&Ie :u;BeTKH, a nHCTbH 3HaqHTeJibHO
TOJIIQe.
-" HenpHXOTJIHBoe. MHoroneTHee pacTeHHe Bbico-
TOH 50-:-100 CM C HeKpynHbiMH-(2 CM) CseTJIO-CHHH,-
MH :QBeTKaMH, :MeJIKHMH - JIHHeHHO-JiaH:QeTHbiMH
nHCThHMJi, pacnono:>KeHHhiMH B oqepe.n;HoM nopH.n;-
Ke. ll;BeTeT B HIOHe-}IIOJie.
Pa3BHBaeTcH B mo6oii nerKoii, 6e.n;Hoii noqBe,
Ha conHeqHbiX yqacTKaX; B anbiiHHapHHX 3TOT BH.LJ:
HCllOJib3YIOT B rpynnOBbiX noca,n:KaX Me:>K,n:y HeBbi-
COKHMH MHOroneTHHKaMH, HanpHMep, cpe.n;H rB03-
)l;HKH.
PacTeHHH MOp030YCTOHqHBbl H OTHOCHTeJibHO
3acyxoycToiiqHBbi. Pa3MHO:>KaeTcH ceMeHaMH. Ce-
MeHa BbiCeBaiOT Ha rpH.n;ax c yKpbiTHeM HJIH Ha noc-
TOHHHoe MeCTO. Pacca.n:y BbiCa:>KHBaiOT B aBryCTe Ha
paccTOHHHH 30-40 eM. Ha o.n;HoM-MecTe pacTeT 4-
5 neT .
B KYJibType c 1686 ro.n;a. IIMeeT pa3HOBH.LJ:HOCTH
C 6enbiMH QBeTKaMH.
,ll;HKO npoH3pacTaeT Ha 10re eBponeiicKoii' qacTH
PoccHH, B CH6HpH, Cpe.n;Heil A3HH, Cpe.n;Heil EBpo-
ne, Ha EanKaHax.
Jleu KpynuoQBeTKOBLiii: - L. Grandiflorum,
MHOroneTHee-pacTeHHe, BbipaiQHBaeMoe KaK O)l;HO-
lleTHHK. Po,n:HHa 3TOH pa3HOBH.LJ:HOCTH - CeBepo-
3ana.n;HaH A<l>pHKa. B KynhType H3BecTell c
17
. 1820 I'O)J.a. 0CHOBHOH. BH,n, B I<yllbTYJ)e HCIIOJib3YeT.,.
Cil pe)J.Ko, rnaBHLIM o6pa3oM - ero copTa;
CTe6neBLie . JIHCTLil CH)J.illllfe, JIHHeHHble HJIH
OBaJibHO-Jial!QeTHLie, C pe)J.KHMH peCHH'I-
KaMH no KpaiO; ilpKo-3eJieHhle, . rycTo pacnoJIO)J(eH-
HLie Ha cTe6ne.
L(BeTKH 3 CM B )J.HaMe'I'pe, fliiTHlJJieHHhle, npa-
BHJibHble, JIPKO-KpaCHLie, C06paHbl . B KOHeqHble,
pbiXJILie, IIUITKOBH,nHbie COQBeTIDI, paCKpbiBaiOTCil
TOJibKO B . COJIHeqHyiO noro.n.y. IJ;BeTeT -; 06HJibHO H
.n.onro, c HIOHil no ceHTi16pL.
IlJIO)J. - cyxM, IIIapOBH)J.Hail, fliiTHrHe3)J.HM KO-
po6oqKa C MHOrOqHCJieHHbiMH illlOCKHMH CeMeHa-
MH. 300 CeMiiH BeCiiT DpHMepHO 1 r, BCXO)I(eCTb HX
coxpaHileTCil 4-5 neT. CeMeHa awceaaiOT a anpe-
ne-Mae B OTKpbiTbiH rpYHT Ha nOCTOiiHHOe MeCTO,
TaK KaK nepeca.n.ey OH He nepeHOCHT. Bcxo.n.w no-
iiBJiiiiOTCil Ha 7-14 )J.eHb.
Jleu TOHKOJIHCTHLiii- L. Tenuifolium. CTe6-
n:a 3Toro a:a.n.a JILHa .n.epeaeHeiOrn;He, BeTBiiiiUieCil,
nO)J.HHMaiOTCil Ha BbiCOTY 15-50 CM. JlHCTbil OCTpO-
KOHeqHbie, mepmaBLie, no KpMM HeMHoro H3orey-
TLie, C O)J.HOH QeHTpaJibHOH )I(HJIKOH.
IJ;aeTKH )J.OCTaTOqHO KpYflHbie; )1.0 2 CM B )J.Ha-
MeTpe, 6em>Ie, c:apeHeBLie HJIH po3oawe, co6paHLI a
pbiXJibie KHCTH, KOTOpbie pacnOJIO)I(eHLI Ha TOHKHX
npiiMbiX QBeTOHOCaX. IJ;BeTeHHe HaqHHaeTCil B ce-
pe)J.HHe HIOHil H DpO)J.OJDKaeTCil KOHQa HIOJiil.
,l(nil pOCTa Tpe6yeT OTKpbiThiX, COJIHeqHbiX .MeCT.
Jlyqmero pa3BHTHil .n.ocTHraer Ha nerKHx, nno.n.o-
po.n.HLIX noqaax.
18
Pa3MHO)I(aetc.a o)J.HoneTIIHH: neH noceaoM ceMiiH,
MHOI'OJleTHHH -. - CeMeHaMH, qepeHKaMH.H )J.eJieHHeM
eycTa. CeMeHa awceaal<n no.n. 3HMY, MO)I(HO ceiiTh H
aecHo:H. nHKHpYIQT, BLI)J.ep)I(HBM paccToii-
HHe 5-8 CM. MHOI'OJieTH:U:H JieH 3a!U3eTaeT Ha BTOpOH
ro.n. nocne noceaa. PacTeHHil, BLiparn;eHHLie H3 ce-
MiiH, QBeTyT o6HJILHee, 6onee KpenKHe, qeM np:a .n.e-
neHHH eyCTa, KOTOpoe OCyiiJ;eCTBJiiiiOT B anpene HJIH
aarycTe. PaccroiiHHe npH noca.n.Ke 15-20 eM.
Jleu *eJITLIH - L. flavum L. 3TOT BH)J. IIIHpOKO
pacnpocTpaHeH Ha EanKaHcKoM norryocTpoae H a
BocToqHoH Eapone. Apean .n.oxo.n.nT .n.o qexocno-
aaKHH.
BLICOTa pacTeHHH 20--40 CM. IJ;aeTKH ilpKO-)I(eJI-
Thle, J3 )J.HaMeTpe )1.0 3 CM. IJ;aeTeT B J;IIOHe-HIOJie.
Pa3BHaaeTcil Ha conHeqHLIX yqacTKax, Ha ner-
KOH, 6e.n.Ho:H IIHTaTeJILHLIMH aern;ecTaaMH noqae.
Pa3MHO)I(aeTCil ceMeHaMH. Ilnoxo nepeHOCHT nepe-
ca.n.Ky, n03TOMY peKOMeH)J.YIQT Bbiparu;HBaTb CeiiH-
l(bl B QBeToqHLIX ropmKax.
B anLnHHapHilx neH :acnonL3YIOT qarn;e acero a
rpynnOBbiX noCa)J.KaX BMeCTe C )J.eKopaTHBHbiMH
TpaBaMH. BLICa)I(HBaiOT ero TaK)I(e cpe.n.:a HH3KO-
pocnwx MHOI'OJieTHHKOB HJIH B QBeTOqHLie CTeHKH.
Jleu TaBpn-.ecKnii - L. Tauricum. Pacnpo-
CTpaHeH a IOro-aocToqHoif o6nacTH EaponLI. IJ;ae-
TOI!O)I(Ka y 3TOI'O BH)J.a )J.OBOJibHO BbiCOKail - )1.0
50 eM. B 30HTHKOBH.1J.HOM coQaeTHH 10-20 cpaBHH-
TeJILHO KpynHbiX )l(eJITbiX QBeTKOB.
Xopomo pa3BHBaeTcil a rrerKOH, npoHHQaeMOH
rroqae, Ha corrHeqHoM MecTe. Pa3MHO)I(aeTcil
19
ceMeHaMM, a rrocrre u;seTeHMH - M rryTeM pa3,IJ,e-
rreHMH KopHeii MJIM qepeHKaMM. Hcrrorrh3YIOT B
60JibiiiMX aJibiiMHapMHX, Ha OIIpe,IJ,eJieHHbiX yqac-
TKaX (KrryM6ax, rry:a<aiiKax).
Jleu aBcTpuiicKuii - L. Austriacum. MHoro-
rreTHMii BII,IJ, c pa3BeTBJieHHbiM BCTPe-
B Cpe,IJ,II3eMHOMOpbe II JO)I(HbiX o6rrac-
THX EBporrbi. KpaciiBbie rorry6bie IIHTMrrerrecTKOBhie
IJ;BeTbl, co6paHHbie B BIIJibqaTbie COIJ;BeTIIH, IIO,IJ,HII-
MaiOTCH Ha BbiCOTY ,IJ,O 50 CM. IJ;BeTeHMe HaqiiHaeT-
CH B Mae-MIOHe.
Jleu - L. Hirsutum. BII,IJ,,
qpe3BbJqaifHo rroxo)KMH Ha rreH aBCTPIIHCKIIii. OT-
rriiqaeTcH OT rrocrre,IJ,Hero cBeTrro-rorry6oii OKpaCKoii
JieiieCTKOB, Ha KOTOpbiX XOpOIIIO 3aMeTHbl TeMHble
)KIIJIKM.
Jleu nponycKuoii - L. Catharticum. HHaqe Ha-
3biBaeTcH JieH crra6MTeJibHbiH, KOKYIIIKIIH rreH.
TpaBa 3arraxa He MMeeT, BKyc ropbKOBaTo-corre-
HbiH.
r
rJiaBa 2
IJHJIH MEIDl, KOJIOTHJIH,
BO BCE qHHhl llPOH3BO,nHJIH ...
Bo3,IJ,eJibiBaeMbiH c rrry6oKoii ,IJ,peBHOCTH, B PoccMM
JieH MCIIOJib30BaJICH He TOJibKO ,IJ,JIH TKaqeCTBa, HO M
KaK OTJIJiqHOe, a BO MHOrHX CrryqiDIX II He3aMeHIIMOe
rreqe6Hoe cpe,IJ,CTBO. ECTb o,IJ,Ha pyccKaH 3ara,IJ,Ka, xo-
porno KaKOe IIIHpOKOe IIpMMeHeHHe
HaxO,IJ,HJI JieH, II KaK BbiCOKO OIJ;eHMBaJIMCb ero CBOH-
CTBa qeJIOBeKOM: EMJIM MeHH, KOJIOTliJIH, BO BCe
IIpOM3BO,IJ,MJIM, Ha IIpeCTOJI C u;apeM IIOCa,IJ,MJIM.
B Hapo,IJ,HOH Me,IJ,IIIJ;IIHe JieH MCCTapM IIpiiMeHHJIM
KaK IIpOTIIBOBOCIIaJIMTeJibHOe M CJia6MTeJibHOe cpe,IJ,-
CTBO, IIpM KO)I(HbiX 3a60JieBaHMHX, Q)I(Orax, IIpii 3a-
6oJieBaHMHX opraHOB ,IJ,biXaHMH, aCTMe, IIO,IJ,arpe, peB-
MaTII3Me II ,IJ,p. PyccKMii TPaBHMK XIX BeKa coo6-
o6 3TOM paCTeHMM Linum
usitatissimum, rreH o6hlKHOBeHHbiH II3 ceMeiictBa rre-
HOBbiX ,IJ,aeT ,IJ,JIH Me,IJ,MIJ;MHCKMX Ha,IJ,06HOCTeif CeMe-
Ha, )KllpHOe MaCJIO, II3 rJIII-
u;epM,IJ,OB JIIIHOJieHOBOH, CTeapiiHOBOH, IIaJibMMTMHO-
BOH, OJieiiHOBOH II MHpMCTMHOBOH KMCJIOT, 6eJIKOBbie
CJIII3b II MMHepaJibHbie COJIM. 2 ,IJ,paXMbl
CYIIIeHoii TPaBbi HaJIMBaiOT 6 yuu;MHMM KMIIHqeHoii
21
ad.fu,I, HJIH Cl>mOpoTKH; anopoii.II\e ,naeTCji nO 1
Me; ,ZJ;IDI aHHHOH HaCTOHKH no.JiaraeTCH cyweHOH Tj)a;_
BI>I Linum cathartic_um 1 ua qepe3
12 qacoa_ CJIHBa.IOT npo:u;e:JKeHH)'IO IhaHe
.. . .. . .
npu:hapu:aaiOT yru;eMJieHHOe MeCTO JThHj!HOIO IIaKJieH,
HaiiHTaHHOH TeiiJibiM MaCJIOM.
JleH rrporrycKHOH, HJIH_ CJia6u:TeJII>HhlH, KOK)'III-
KHH neH. Linum catharticum. Cu:na: xopomee cna-
6u:TeJII>Hoe, 6e3 OTj{rom;eHJij{ :JKeny,nKa, u:-MoqeroH-
Hoe. Yrro1'pe6AAeTCj{: a 6one3Hj{X, npou:cxo,ZJ;j!IJ:(Hx
OT 3acopeHJij{ KHmeqHoro .KaHana, neryqeil HJIH He-
IIOCTOJIHHOH JIOMOTe, HaqaJibHOH ao.wmoi 6one3HH,
H a KaMeHHOH 60JIH'IIOqeK HJIH Moqeaoro IIy3hlpji.
IfHhle-. HaCTau:aaroT 3TO pacTeHHe a 6enoM aHHOr-
pa,nHOM au:He H IlbiOT IIpH 3THX 6oJie3Hj{X)).
B Me,ZJ;HI(HHe yno'rpe6AAnoci> KaK JII>Hj!HOe
ceM11 - -, I(eJII>Hoe, TonqeHoe u: ,narom;ee c
ao,noif CJIH3b, TaK H JlbHjiHOe MaCJIO - aHyTPeHHee
H HapY:JKHOe JieKapcTaO, HCIIOJib3yeMOe TaK:JKe ,ZJ;AA .
IIpHrOTOaJieHJij{ CTapHHHbiX I(eJie6HbiX . 6aJib3a-
MOa - cepHoro u: rapneMcKoro.
JlbiDIHI>Ie ceMeHa co.nepJKaT- Konu:qecT-
ao IIOJie3HhlX KHCJIOT, au:TaMHHoa' H MHHepanoa H
o6na,naiOT abiCOKOH neqe6HOH 3q,q,e:KTHaHOCTbiO
rrpu: MHoru:x 3a6oneaaHJij{X. Em;e fu:rrrroKpaT coae-
Toaan rrpu:MeHj{Tb JII>IDIHoe ceMj{ rrpu: 6one3Hj{X MO-
qeai>IX rryTeH, OC06eHHO npH aOCHaJIHTeJibHOM MOK-
pOTHOM TeqeHHH. A 3HaMeHHTI>rn cpe,nHeaeKoahlil
apaqeaaTeJII> H6H Cu:Ha.yKa3hlaan: Jli>Hj!HOe ceMj{
IIOMOraeT OT ji3B Moqeaoro IIY3b1pji H noqeK. 0Taap.
JibHjiHOro ceMeHH; ecnu: ero rrpu:MeHHTI> a KJIH3Me c
22
p030abiM MaCJIOM, IIpHHOCHT 60Jibiii)'lO IIOJib3y npu:
R3aax a KHIIIKax .. JlbHj!HOe CeMH IIOMOraeT OT CJIH-
3HCTOrO KaiiiJUI-, OC06eHHO nepe)KapeHHOe.
B cTapmzy. H3 ceMHH JII>Ha aMecTe c -HaCTOHKOH
.nenanH ycnoKaHBarom;u:e KJIHCTHphl.
Hoe JII>Hj!HOe ynoTJ>e6AAJiu: ,ZJ;IDI npu:napoK.
Yno1'pe6AAJIH HX H B au:,ne KJieHKOro OTaapa, a TaK-
:JKe ,ZJ;eJiaJIH HaJIHaKy Ha HX OCHOae.
PyccKu:il neqe6HI>IH TpaaHHK XIX aeKa TaK:JKe
YKa3I>IaaeT Ha neqe6HI>Ie caoilcTaa JII>HRHoro ceMe-
HH H npHaO,ZJ;HT CIIOC06bi ero HC.IIOJib30aaHHji: Ho-
BeHIIIHe apaqu: rroxaaAAIOT: a xpu:noTe, nepxoTe,
npocry,nHOM Kamne, aocnaneHHH nerKHx, O.ZJ;hliiiKe
u: TPY.ZJ;HOM OT,neneHu:u: MOKpOThl.
B aOCIIaJIHTeJibHOM 3arrope Moqu:, HaJIHaKa CHX
ceMHH, c npu:6aaneHu:eM 1 .npaXMhl - ceJIH'fPhl Ha
2 q,yHTa :JKH,ZJ;KOCTH, IIO,ZJ;CJiam;eHHOH yKCOMe,n;OM
HJIH KJIIOKaeHHbiM aapeHbeM, OKa3hlaaeT aeJIHKyro
nOJII>3y; TaK:JKe H a nepeJIOHHOM Moqepe3e, IIpHHH-
MaeMaji IIO qaifHOH qamKe HeCKOJibKO pa3 a ,n;eHb.
JhaHe: a au:,ne IIOJIOCKaHJij{, IIO)J;CJiaiiJ;eHHOrO Me-
)J;OM, IIOXaaAAeTCji a :JKa6e H MOJIOqHHI(e ao pry; a
BH.D;e IIpOMhlaaTeJibHOrO CMHrqarom;ero 60JTh a KHIII-
KaX, pe3I> H qacThle rroryru:, Iiepe.n;Ko corrpj{)J(eHHhle
C KpOaaahlM IIOHOCOM; a au:,n;e npu:rrapKH; TOJiqeHhle
CeMeHa, aapeHI>Ie C MOJIOKOM, CJiy:JKaT CaMOH nyq
meil MHrqiiTeJII>Hoil KaTannaJMo:U, yrro'rpe6IDieMo:U
npu: TBep.n;hlx aocnanu:TeJII>HI>IX orryxoAAx, oco6nu:-
ao Hapi>Iaax, naxoau:Kax u: np. Konu:qecTao: oT 112-
1 YHI(HH rronaraeTCji I(eJII>Hhlx cewrn Ha 2 q,)'HTa
KHIIj{qeHOH ao,n;I>I, KOTOpyro O.n;Ha:JK,n;LI
23
H npou;e,IUITh, BHYTPh H cHapyxrn ynorpe6IDITh, :KaK
CK33aHOi Bbiiile.
CnH3hiO H3ceMHH, H3BneKaeMoil BapeHHeM HnH
HanHBKOH BO)J;bl (1 )'H:qiDI ce,MgH Ha 6.yH-
:qHH BO,ll;bi)j PyccKHH rpaBHHK COBe-
ryeT npoMa3hiBaTb ,n;eTgM so pry, .n;IDI
H .n;pyroi{ CbiiTH, a TaiOKe ynorpe6IDITb
ee IIpH KpOBaBOM llOHOCe, BOCnaneHHH
ny3J>Ipg, JKeny.n;Ka H KHmeqHoro KaHana.
CnH3h H3 JIJ>HjJ:HhlX'CeMHH npHroTaBnHBanH Bhi-
ceMeHH B Tennoil so.n;e (1 :50) B
HHe 30 MHHYT H 6onee.
Macey npo:qeJKHBanH ., xoncT. 06pa30BaHHe
CJIH3H OfibgQHjJ:eTcg CBOHCTBOM HapYJKHOrO cnog
KileTOK CeMeHHOH
0TBap .n;enanH, B3j{B Ha 1 CeM.SIH 20
BO)J;bl H HarpeBM B 30 MHHJT Ha
so.n;gHoil 6aHe.
H3BecTeH TaiOKe cne.n;yroru,Hil CTapHHHhlH cno-
co6 HCIIOJib30BaHIDI JibHj{HhlX CeMgH. J1J>Hj!HYIO Ha-
JIHBKY ceMHH, CMemaB B paBHOH CO CBeJKHM
JlhHj!HhlM MaCJIOM, Bnphl.CKHBanH B KaHan,
npH BOCnanHTeJihHhlX pe3gX H npH 1pHIInepe.
TaKHM o6pa3oM, a XIX seKe 6J>mo H3Bec-
THO, CeMeHa JibHa .n;eHC.TByiOT H
pacTsopgroru,e, a noTOMY Hx BHYTJlh npH
KaTapaX )J;biXaTeJibHbiX opraHOB, IIOHOCe, KaTape
ny3I>Ipg, roHopee, .n;HcMeHopee (a 6one3-
HeHHJ>Ie rrepHO)J;bi), npOTHB-CaxapHOH 6one3HH; Ha-
pyJKHO IIpHMeiDIJIH B KOMnpeccax npH
BOCnaneHIDIX, H HepBHbiX 60JIRX.
24
J1J>Hj!Hoe Macno .- He .n;pesHee, ceMj{
JihHa, 0 ero n;ene6HbiX csoilcTsax-
H3BeCTHO H . .n;peBHHM erHIITgHaM, ,KOTOphle aKTHBHO
HCnOJih30BanH JlbHj!HOe MaCJIO H B npaK-
THKe, H R KOCMeTOJIOrHH; WfHIIIIOKpary, KOTOpbiH
IIpHMeHjln JIJ>Hj!Hoe Macno .n;IDI CHjJ:T,Hg socnaneHIDI
CJIH3HCTOH JKeny.n;Ka, npH fiongx H O:>KO-
rax. Ha PycH )J(e eru,e, MO)J(HO CKa3aTh, .n;o He.n;asHe-
ro speMeHH, oco6eHHO a cesepo-3ana.n;HhlX o6nac-
T.SIX, ilhiDIHOe MaCJIO He TOJihKO KaK
:qeHHoe cpe.n;cTso, HO H 6hlJ!o Heo6xo.n;H-
MhlM npo.n;yY<TOM nosce.n;HeBHoro IIHTaHIDI. Cero-
.n;HgmHeMy JKHTenro Hameil C1paHhi TgraTJ>cg a M'y.n;-
pocTH .n;aJKe c KpeCThjJ:HHHOM XIX BeKa, K co)J(ane-
HHIO, He npHXo.n;HTcg. HH$opMHpOBaHHOCTh - . .n;a,
a BOT My,n;pOCTb, JKHTeHCKHH OllhH, X03jJ:HCTBeH'
HOCTh, CHOpOBKa, rpy.n;oni06He - ,n;aBHO He Te.
KTO-TO ofig3aTeJibHO B03pa3HT MHe, XOT.SI 6hl no
qacTH rpy.n;onro6IDI. Be.n;h cero.n;Hjl .n;a)J(e TepMHH
oco6hiH cyru,ecTsyei' .n;IDI nro.n;eil, see speMH nposo-
.n;Hru,Hx B pa6oTe, -rpy.n;oronHKH. Ho 3HaeTe, KaK-
To He Bhi3hlBaei CHMllaTHH HH TepMHH 3TOT, HeH3
6e)J(HO HaBeBaiOlll,HH MhiCJIH 0 HeKOM He3,n;OpOB:&e
(no aHanOrHH C anKOrOJIHKaMH), HH JIIO)J;H 3TH, KaK
fihl ( KaK K Mecry 3)1;eCb 0Ka3ancg 3TOT HhiHeiilHHH
copHgK pyccKo:o jJ:JhiKa!) He noKJia.n;aroru,He PYK
,[(a IIOTOMY HhiHeiilHHe-To rpy.n;oroJIH-
KH He CTOJihKO mpyORmCR, CKOJibKO 3apa6ambl6aJOm
oenbzu,. npMeM He oco6o o6peMeHgj{ ce6g Mo-
PaJihHOH cropoHoil sonpoca o cnoco6ax 3apa6oTKa.
jJ .zzy:MaiO, H HhiHeiliHjJ:j{ cl>HHaHCOBO-;ZJ.eJIOBM
25
i'epMHHOJIOIIDI - -. o6paTHTe BHHMaHHe - . HMeHHO
no3TOM)' HOCHT KaKOH-TO
qeCKHH, qTo6hl He CKa3aTh 60Jibme, xapaKTep. flo-
TOM)' H ,ZJ;eHbrH CTaJIH 6a6KaMH, a TO H :QOBCe 6a6-
JIOM. F.n;e He yaa)Kae:rc.,. 1py.n;, TaM He yaa)Kae:rcx H
BCe C HHM CBX3aHHOe. Be.n;L 6a6KH 3amH6aTL - He
1py.n;omo6He a H3BopoTJIHBOCTL, npoHLip-
JIHBOCTh, He6pe3rJIHBOCTb, qT06bl He rHYIDaTLCX
CTPOHTL caoii KanHTaJI JIH6o Ha npo6neMax qe.JJoBe-
qecKHx (a To H rope) - HanpHMep, Ha -6one3Hj{X, _
KaK 3TO .n;eJiaiOT cpapMa:QeBTMeCKHe Q>HpMhl, BCX-
KOrO copTa 3KC1paCeHchl H ncea.n;ouenHTeJIH, -
JIH60 Ha nopoKaX, HH3MeHHhlX HanpH-
Mep, Txre K Ta6aKY H anKoromo, a cero.n;Hx e:rn:e H K
Hrpe, HeHc1pe6HMOMY no1pe6HTeJILCTBy. O.n;HaKo
BepHeMCX KTeMe KHHrH. .
Co apeMeHeM, K CO)KaJieHHIO, JILHXHOe Macno Ha-
.n;onro 6LUIO npaKTMeCKH BhlTecHeHo 6onee .n;eme-
BhlMH H npOCThlMH B npOH3BO,ZJ;CTBe - nO,ZJ;COJIHeq-
HhlM, KYKYPY3HhlM, coeaMM. Ho c npo6)')K)l,eHHeM
HHTepeca K ecTeCTBeHHbiM JieKapCTBaM, a TaK)Ke
6naro.n;apx HOBbiM HayqHMM pa3pa60TKaM H OTKpbf-
THj{M B Me,ZJ;HUHHe, JlbHj{HOe MaCJIO BepHYJIOCb H,
TaK CKa3aTh, B anTeqicy, H Ha Halii CTOJI.
qeM TaK ueHHO JILHj{HOe Macno? lloqeMY B noc-
ne.n;HHe ro,ZJ;bi .n;aJKe HeKoTopLIH 6YM no ero
HCnOJib30BaHHIO? )!eJIO B TOM; qTO JKHpHOe MaCJIO,
nonyqaeMoe H3 ceMj{H JILHa, qpe3BMqaifHo 6oraTo
HeHaCM:W:eHHbiMH ">KHpHbiMH KHCJIOTaMH ( 3a6erax
anepe,n ,D;a)Ke CKa3aTh; qTO 3TO qyTb JIH He
JiyqliiHH H B KaqeCTBeHHOM, H B cpHHaHCOBOM OTH0-
26
meHHH HCTOIJHHK 3mx KHCJIOT). HMeHHO 6.rlaro.n;a.;.
px TaKOM)' CBOeM)' COCTaBy JlbHj{HOe MaCJIO HCIIDJib-
3yeTCX .n;mi nonytfeHHjl npenapaTa
3MBaro:rn:ero rrpOTHBOCKJiepOTMeCKOe '.
Ho KaK X YJKe B CTapHHY: 0 Jieqe6HbiX .H
,ZJ;HeTHqecKHX CBOHCTBaX JibHXHO:tO MaCJia 6hi.JIO
rrpeKpaCHO H3BecTHO. O.n;HH H3 pycc.KHX napO',ZUIMX
neqe6HHKOB XIX aei<a, HanpHMep, coo@:rn:ae:r o .cne-
.n;yro:rn:HX 1pa.z:um;IDIX ero HcnoJIL30BaHHjl: '<(Macno
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TaK)Ke B nO,ZJ;B3,ZJ;OliiHOH 60JIH; CBHHUOBOH KOJIHKe H
cyxoM Janope. .n;aaanH BHYTPL no HeCKOJILKo
YHUHH, cMemaa oHoe c Me.n;oM H K
KJIHCTHpaM; CMeliiHBax CO CBeJKHM mqHhlM JKeJIT-
KOM, yno1pe6JljiJIH C ycneXOM B KpOBOXapKaHHH,
neroqHoM HapLIBe H rHOHHOH qaxoTKe; EepTene Ta-
Koe CMemeHHe nOXBaJijleT .ZJ:Jijl npHTynJieHHjl OCT-
pbiX X,ZJ;OBHThlX Be:W:eCTB, B KpOBaBOM nOHOCe, npH
qacTbiX Ha HH3, H pe3H B KHliiKaX.
MH.n;neToH . H FaMHJILTOH no CTonosoii JIOJKKe
cero cae)Kero Macna .n;aaanH a reMoppoH.n;aJILHbiX
CIIa3MaX, KaMeHHbiX 60JijiX, 60JIXX noqeK HJIH MO-
qeaoro ny3hlpx.
3To cpe.n;CTBO xopomo npH rpy.n;HoM KOJIOTLe
BOCnaJIHTeJibHOrO CBOHCTBa, B KpOBOITJieBaHHH,
IIpOHCXO.ZJ:ji:W:eM OT Cna3MOB H pa3.l(piDKemm MOJIOq-
HbiX cocy.n;oa; npH- aocnamrreJibHOH H cy.n;opoJKHoii
KOJIHKe COBeTOBaJIH BTHpaTh B JKHBOT 3TO MaCJIO, CMe-
IIIaHHoe c KaMcpapoii, nonarax2 nOTa Ha non6yniJIKH;
MaCJIO 3TO, npH63BJijleMoe K npOMbiBaTeJibHOM)':
27
IIO' 2.;_3 BeJIHicyiO:llOJIJj3Y UKa3biBae'Il ' B
ynoMHH)IThiX 6oiDIX. ,,, -: . -'
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.n;aiOJnHe JIOMOTOIO, npH Y.SI3BJieHHH HaceKOMbiX .H
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HOMY IIpHMemHBa.SI no.3 HJIH 4 YJI!UfH, .KOTOpble npH
ymeMJieHHOH' rpbDKe . OT 3aTBep.n;eBIDHX HetmCTOT
.n;aiOT BeJIHKOe IIOC06He.
MacnoM CMa3biBan:H: 6oJibHblenoqeqyii:Hhie (re-
MoppoH.n;arrhHhie) IIIHIIIKH, ycn.-e MaToqHoro pyKa-
Ba IIpH TJ'Y,li;HbiX po.n;ax, O)I(OrH, BTHpaJIH B .n;eCHbl
IIpH BOCIIaJieHHH, IIpH ;3y6HOH 60JIH.
Ho .n;aBaiiTe pa36epeMc.SI, qeM onpe.n;eJI.SIIOTC.SI
oco6hle neqe6Hhie cBoii:cTBa JibH.SIHoro Macna.
JILHHHOe MaCJIO - 3TO IIpO.nyKT H3 CeM.SIH JlbHa,
)KH,li;KOCTb 3eJieHOBaTO-)KeJITOrO QBeTa C IIpH.SITHbiM
3aiiaXOM. 0HO co.n;ep)KHT )1;0 70% TJ)HrJIHQepH,li;OB
JIHHOJieBOH H raMMa-JIHHOJieHOBOH KHCJIOT (npH HX
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HO )'qHThiBaTb ), BHTaMHHbi F, A, E. To ecTh KaK H B
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28
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paCTHTeJibHbiMH MaCJiaMH.
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30
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31
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32
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33
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34
llpH 3TOM .6biJIO OTMe.qeHO; .;qTO 3aMeTHO ynyqma-
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35
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37
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46
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47
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48
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49
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50
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51
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52
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53
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54
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55
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56
JIO:>KeHHe H B ;npyroif 'IaCTH 3eMHOFO
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1995 'ITO y n:IO.n;eH;C
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57
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llenoseidt npou;eeea ..
58
11> J,n:eeb Heo6xo.n;HMo c)l;enaT.I:J :He6onLmoe o:r ...
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59
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60
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61
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62
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ro opraHH3Ma.
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63
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72
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74
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75
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76
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77
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78
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79
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llplfj{THOCTeif, CBg3aHHbiX CO 3.ZJ;OpOBbeM, 6y,n;h TO
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Ta, o6MeHHhiX cep,n;eqHo-cocy.n;HcToif,
,[(biXaTeJihHOH, HepBHOH H ,n;pyrHX CHCTeM opraHH3-
Ma:
KoHeqHO, HHTaHHe, B OCHOBHOM, ,[(OJI:>KHO 6h1Tb
pa3.n;enbHOe. BrrpoqeM; g He HCKJIIOllaiO H:apymeHHe
TaKOI'O THIIa IIHTaHJfj{ B cnyqagx KaKHX -JIH60 TOP'"
>KecTB, co6biTHif, OTMeqaeMbiX 3a c'ionoM. Ho oc-
HOBHOH THII IIHTaHJfj{ - pa3.ZJ;eJihHOe, C IIHTheM lJYTb
rro.n;conei.IHoif,.-c .n;o6aBneHHeM
BO.ZJ;hl -HaTomaK 3a -.1 O-I5 MHHYT HJIH . qepe3 I ,5-
2 qaca rrocne e,[(bL IIepeKHCb Bo,n;opo.n;a eme
H TeM, liTO ,n;enaeT BO.l{y CTepHnbHOH, C .n;pyroif CTO-
pOHbi - OHa o6oram;aeT opraHH3M aTOMapHbiM
KHCJIOpO.ZJ;OM, . 6e3 KOTOporo :>KHBOH opraHH3M cy-
mecTBOBaTh He MO:>KeT (rro.n;po6Hee o63TOM paccKa-
3b!BaeTCg B Moe:U KHHI'e IlepeKHCh so.n;opo,n;a; Ha
CTpa:>Ke 3.ZJ;OpOB.bjJ)).
Terrepb paccM01piO KpaTKO ponh BO.ZJ;bl Ha .npH-
Mepe B03HHKHOBeHJfj{ caxapHoro ,n;Ha6eTa. Bo BpeMj{
83
OCHOBHOH UOTOK KpOBH H )I(H)J;KOCTH
HanpaB.IDieTC.H K Opl'aHaM;. yqaCTB)'IOrn;HM B nepepa-
60TKe .'llHI.IJ;H, B TOM liHCJie, .K llO,WKeJiy,li;O"llHOH )Ke-
ne3e. H3BeCTHO, qT-o noMHMO HHcynHHa, .Bhlpa6a-
ThlBaeMoro KJieTKaMH JlaarepraHca H pa36pocm-
HLIMH no- sce-H )Kene3e, HO 6onee scero
COCpe,li;OTOqeHHbiMH B ee XBOCTOBOH qaCTH (a 3TO
Bcero 2% OT BCeH MaCCbl)Kene3hl), rpOMa,li;HWI pOnb
llO,WKeny.n;oqHOH )Kene3bl COCTOHT B .Bhlpa60TKe
paCTBOpa 6HKap6oHaTa; KOTOpbiH ,cnoco6CTBYeT
H36biTKa llOCTYfiaiOI.IJ;eH B ,li;BeHa.n;-
KHIIIKY COAAHOH KHCnOThl H3 )Ke-
ny.n;Ka. EcnH 6LI 3Tore He npoHcxo.n;HJio, TO -cnH3HC-
TaJI KHIIIeqHHKa 6hlna 6bl CO)K)KeHa H Mbl HpOCTO He
MOrnH 6bi )KHTb, TaK Bee pa3YMHO ycrpoeHO B TeX-
HOnornqecKOH nepesapHBaHIDJ: nHI.IJ;H. TaK
BOT,- HpH Haqane nepepa60TKH opraHH3M Ha-
npaBIDJe:T no,WKeny.n;oqHo:H: )Kene3e so.n;y .wur Bhlpa-
6oTKH- 6HKap6oHaTa, YMeHhlllaJI B To )Ke apeM.H ee
no.n;aqy K KJleTKaM, KOTOpbiM B ;n:pyroe BpeM.H BCer-
.n;a oT.n;aeTcx npe.n;noqTeHHe. _ ,ll;a)Ke ecnH B opraHH3-
Me MaJIO BO,ll;bl H OH o6e3BO)KeH, ,li;J1.H Bblpa60TKH
6HKap6oHaTa OH scer.n;a Ha:H::n;eT so.n;y, a BOT .wur
nocne.n;ywrn;e:H: Bbipa6oTKH HHcynHHa BO,ll;hi y)Ke 6y-
.n;eT He xsaTaTb. TaK H3 pa3a .B pa3 KJieTKH, Bbipa6a-
ThiBaJOrn;He HHcynHH, nocTeneHHO yracaJOT, nepe-
CTaJOT HOpMaJibHO -
i qT06bi B KJleTKH npOHHKJIH TaKHe Bei.IJ;ecTBa, KaK
KaJIHH, caxap, aMHHOKHCJIOThl H ' ,n;p., -He06XO,li;HM
----- -
HH,cynHH H:BO,ll;a, HaXO,li;.H:rn;aJIC.H BHe KJleTOK. lf3BeC-
THO, qTO 06'beM BO,ll;bl BHe KJleTOKperyJmpyeTC.H Ha-
84
rpHeM, 3TO TaK Ha3bmaeMbiH QlH3HOnOrMeCKHH
pacTBOp, HMeiOI.IJ;HH 0,9% NaCl, a
BHYTJ>H KJieTOK - _ KanHeM. EcnH BO,ll;hi B Me)KKJie-
ToqHoM npocrpaHCTBe MaJIO, opraHH3M BCe paBHO
HaH,ll;eT ee, npOQlHnbTJ>OBaB ee OTH36biTKa COnH, H C
TIOMOI.IJ;blO HHCynHHa BBe,ll;eT B KJieTKH He06XO,li;H-
Mbie ,E(.JUI -HX pa6oThi Bern;ecTBa. lb-3a TaKoro o6e3-
BO)KHBaHIDJ: opraHH3M 3aKHCAAeTCJI, 3aiiiJ1aKOBbiBa-
eTC.H, )KH,li;KOCTHbiH KOHBeHep 3aCTaHBaeTC.H, KpOBb
H npou;ecc B03HHKHOBeHIDJ: 3a6onesa-
HHH cTaHOBHTC.H Heo6paTHMhiM. TaKHM o6pa30M,
BO,ll;a -.HBAAeTC.H O,li;HHM H3 OCHOBHbiX -HCTOqHHKOB
6H03HepreTHqecKHX npOHCXO,ll;jii.IJ;HX B
opraHH3Me, B TOM qHcne . H pa3BHTIDJ: caxapHoro
.n;Ha6eTa.
KaK .H y)Ke ynoMHHan, -neT 5-6 Ha3a.n; BnepBhle
CTaJIH TIO.HBAATbC.H ny6nHKaiJ;HH 0 nepeKHCH .BO,li;O-
po.n;a - .H rOBOpHJI 06 3TOM B CBOHX KHHrax, 6LIJIH
MaTepHanbi B npecce. B nocne.n;Hee -BpeM.H Ha 3TY
TeMY B'hinyrn;eHO y)Ke He MeHee 10 KHHr .n;pyrHX aB-
TOpOB, KOTOpbie' HJIH TIOnHOCTbiO llOBTOp.HIOT MeH.H,
HJIH H3JiaraiOT MaTepHan CO CBOeH KOqKH 3peHIDJ:,
He noHHMaJI Toro, o qeM TIHIIIYT. B TeqeHHe 20 neT
nocTO.HHHO roaopHn o BIDKHOCTH BO,ll;hi -.wur
HH3Ma, a 4 ro.n;a Ha3a,ll; cneiJ;HCUThHO BblllYCTHn KHH-
ry BQ.n;a --_ 3TO )KH3Hh H 3.n;oposbe. MHQlhi H pe-
anhHOCTh. 06 3TOM TO)Ke B nocne,li;HHH ro.n; CTaJIH
MHOrO rOBOpHTb ;Zq>yrne aBTOpbi, pa,li;HO, TeJieBH,ll;e-
HHe. j{ pa.n;, "lfl'O OOI.IJ;eCTBO HaKOHeiJ; o6paTHJIO aHHMa-
HHe Ha 3TH )KHBO'IJ>CllCmyrn;He BOHpOCbJ, CB.H3aHHbie
co 3.n;opoBbeM-mo.n;e:H:. Ocranoch- TOJibKO pacKaqaTb
85
Oq>HI(HaJibHYJO Ha HCllOJib30Ba-
HIDI nepeKHCH ,lUUI JieqeHIDI
mo6hlx 3a6oJieBaHHH. il He ocraHOBHJICil a
'
HCKaTL TO, qTo 6ecnOKOHJIO
Jl rOBOpHJI 0 TOM, qTo KHC-
JIOTHO-meJIOqHoe paBHOBeCHe B OpraHH3Me iiBJiileT-
Cil KJIIOqeBhlM 3BeHOM B B03HHKHOBeHHH 3a6oJieBa-
HHH. Jl rOBOpHJI 0 TOM, HOpMaJibHhlM
HbiM llOKa3aTeJieM B . opraHH3Me iiBJDieTCil pH
7,40;15, H qTo 3aKHCJieHHe opra-
HH3Ma eCTb H3 OCHOBHhlX pa3JIHqHhlX
3a6oJieBaHHH, B TOM qHcJie OHKOJIOrnqecKHX,
6eTa, aTepocKJiepo3a, pacce:RHHoro cKJiepo3a H . T.
fl., HO npH 3TOM He )'Ka3biBaJI 3aKHCJieHIDI
opraHH3Ma. Ho He 3pi1 )l(e roaop:RT, qTo TOT, KTO
HmeT, TOT ro, qT<) eMy Hy)I(HO. TaK
no.nyqHJioci>, qTo il BC'I'peTHJICil c
qeJIOBeKOM, arpOHOMOM, KOTOphlH. B CBOHX HCCJie-
npHqHH 3a6oJieB3HHH meJI OT pacTeHHH K
)I(HBOTHbiM H qeJIOBeKY (il, KaK Bbl llOMHHTe, meJI OT
qeJIOBeKa K )I(HBOTHhlM H paCTeHIDIM). IfMeHHO 3TOT
qeJioBeK, Jlanno EBreHHH AneKceeBHq, o6paTHJI
BHHMaHHe Ha :JaKOH
CBi13aHI:IhlH .c KHCJIOTHo-meJIOqHhlM paBHOBeCHeM,
HJIH T.aK. Ha3hlBaeMhlM llOKa3aTeJieM.
,l(eJIO B TOM; qTO qeJIOBeK TOJibKO
npH pH 7,4. EcJIH 3TOT noKaJaTeJII> no pa3HLIM npH-
qHHaM CHH3HTCii.IJ:O 5,4-5,5; TO HeJf36e)I(HO B03HHK-
. HyT pa3JIHquE.Ie Ja6oJieBaHIDI HJIH HaciynHT
CMepTh. C B03paCTOM pH opraHH3Ma MeHileTCil B
CTOpOHy 3aKHCJieHIDI, TaK, . 3a 10 JleT OH
86
CHIDKaeTCil Ha 0,1 H K 50 ro-
HanpHMep; YEe,6,9, a y 6oJILHhlx eii(e
HH)I(e. Ha e.zumHI(. H 3To He: roaopil YEe o
TOM, qro pH )l(eJiqH H CeKpeTa )l(e-
Jie3hl, KOTOphlH B HOpMe He MeHbille
8,0, YMeHLmaeTcil Ha 1-1,5 H TaKoii
YMeHI>meHH:&Iif .noKaJaTe.nL KifcJiomocTH ceKpeTa
( eme H pa36aBJieHHoro iiBJiileTCil COBepmeH-
HO ,lUUI nepepa60TKH KHCJIOrO-'CO-
nOCTYfiaromero B
HYIO KHIDKY H3 H3 HeMa.n:oBIDimhlX
nplfliHH 3aKHCJieHIDI OpraHH3Ma iiBJiileTCil Ko-
Topa.JI Ha TeppHTOpHH PoccHH (KpoMe IO)I(HJ>IX, paifo-
HOB) HMeeT KHC.JIYIO peaKI(HIO; pH MO)I(eT
' 6,0.
noKaJaTeJIL - 3To cooero
TOllJIHBO )I(H3HH H npOiiBJiileTCil B B 1pex
BJmaX: aTOM (npOTOH .H 3JieK1pOH), llOJIO)I(HTeJIL-
HhlH HOH (npOTOH) H HOH (npOTOH
H 3JieK1pOHa). qeM 60Jibille B opraHH3Me CB0-
3JieK1pOHOB (a 3TO O'I'pHI(aTeJibHhle HOHhl ),
TeM opraHH3M. TaKHe 3JieK1J>OHLI HeceT
opraHH3My HaTYPa.n:LHM pacTHTeJII>Ha.JI nHma.
B )KHBOTHOH nHme, B OTJIHqHe oT pacTHTeJILHOH,
npaKTHqecKH HeT 3JieK1pOHOB, CJie;L(O!..
BaTeJibHO - HeT H )I(H3HH. Jl KaK-TO npH-
Mep, Kor;n;a B .n:peBHOCTH B KHTae npecrynHHKOB
KOpMHJIH T{)JibKO MiiCOM, -OHH 6hlC1pO YMHpaJIH.
qTo B M:RCe; phl6e, iiHI(aX HeT CB0-
60.D;HhlX 3JieKTpOHOB, 0 qeM HHKTO H3 anOJIOreTOB
O$HI(HaJILHOH TO eCTb TeX, OT KOrO
87
3aBHCHT Hama )I(H3Hh, He roBopHT., MHco HMeeT pH
phl6a'- . 1;3, Hih(o-.- .2,4, MoJIQq;Hhle
Thi B cpe,n;HeM - - 1 ;9, CbiBOpOTKa - 2,6, BO)J;Ka (1 00
MJI) - - 1,9. O.n;HaKo Bo,n:opo,n:HhiH noK33aTeJih CHH-
)KaiOT H OBOIIJ:H, Bhlpam;eHHhie Ha KHCJihlX TIOqBaX.
HeMaJIOBIDKH)'IO pOJih B H3MeHeHHH Bo,n:opo,n:Horo
TIOKa3aTeJUI :urpaeT lf.Bo,n:a, KOTOpa.H, KaK )'iKe ynOMH-
HaJIOCh, TIOqTH TIOBCe.MeCTHO HMeeT KHCJI)'IO peaK-
:QHIO (pH KOJie6JieTC.H B . npe,n:eJiax 6;0 ,e,n:HHIUJ), Ha
qro HHKTO He o6pam;aeT BHHMaHH.H. CJie.IzyeT HaTIOM-
IfiiTD, qro BO,n:a HMeeT TIOCTO.SIHH)'IO H BpeMemzyro
)KeCTKOCTh, 3aBHC.HII()'IO OT CO.LJ:ep)l(aHH.H KaJihi(IDI.
IlpH KHTI.HqeHHH . yJmqro)KaeTC.H BpeMeHHa.H )KecT-
KOCTh, KOTOpa.H npe,n:CTaBJijJeT C060H OTiaCHOCTh H3-
3a o6pa3oBaHH.H KaMHeil B )KeJiqHoM ny3hipe, noqKax,
pa3BHTH.H OCTeOXOH)J;p03a . TaK )Ke, KaK H TIOCTO.HH-
HhiH KaJihU:HH, ,OH :urpaeT O'I'pHIJ;aTeJihH}'IO pOJih B 3a-
IUJiaKOBaHHOCTH opraHH3Ma H ero 3aKHcJieHHH. EcJIH
HCTIOJih30BaTh (()I(HB}'IO BO.Izy, B aKTH-
BaTOpe, TO TaKa.H BO,n:a npe,n:CTaBJUieT C060H H,n:eaJih-
H}'IO Bo.n:y ,n:JUI .opraHH3Ma (pH .n;oxo.r(HT .n;o 11,5 e,n:H-
HHU:), .HBJUieTC.H 6HOJIOrnqecKH aKTHBHOH, 06Jia,n;aeT
CHJihHhiM CTHMYJIHPYJOIIJ;HM .n;eilcrnHeM, noBhiiiieH-
Hoil pacTBOpHMOCThiO H XHMHqecKOH aKTHBHOCThiO.
Bee 3TO ,n:eJiaeT TaKYJO )KHBYJO BO.LJ:Y-O.LJ:HHM H3 ca-
Mhlx pau;HOHaJihHhiX cnoco6oB He TOJihKO npo<Jm-
JiaKTHKH, HO H JieqeHH.H HapymeHHH 06MeHHhiX npo-
n;eCCOB, ,C KOTOphiMH CB.H3aHhi BCe 3a6oJieBaHH.H.
IlpoCToe KHTI.HqeHHe, H ,n::HCTHJIJijJIJ;H.H,
' lOT pH .LJ:O 7,0 e,n:HHHIJ;, y TaJIOH BO,lJ;hl 3TOT TIOKa3a- .
TeJih ..
88
t. Kam :)Ktf HOpMa.TIH30BaT&,pH *H,ZJ,KOCTHOFO KOH-
Beilepa? 0Ka3hiBaeTC.H,_. ,n:axre. npOCTOe FOJIO,ll;aHHe .B
TeqeHHe 1-2 C}'TOK HOpMaJIH3YeT pH cpe,n:hl opra-
HH3Ma- BOT 'fiOqeM}' TaKOe FOJIO,lJ;aHHe TIOJI3HO
npOBO.LJ:HTh XOT.H 6bi 1 pa3 B He)J;eJIIO.
ECJIH CB.H3aTh BOe,lJ;HHO BCe, qTO MHOIO Ony6JIH-
KOBaHO paHee 0 llHTaHHH, BO)J;e, nepeKHCH BO,n:opo-
,n;a, paiJ;HOHaJihHOM ,n:hlXaHHH, ,lJ;BH)KeHHH, .TO 3aJIOr
3,n:OpOBMI HJIH ero OTC)'TCTBHH MO)KHO npe,n:cTaBHTh
B CJie)J;}'IOIIJ:eM BH,n:e.
ECJIH Bhl XOTHTe )KHTh, KaK peKOMeH.IzyeT lfHC-
. THT}'T TIHTaHH.H P<l>, TO eCTh yno1pe6JUITh CMe-
.maHHYIO TIHIIJ:Y, C npHeMOM BO.ll:bl:.LJ:O H UOCJie
TIHIIJ;H, H T. n ., TO Bhl Tipo)I(HBeTe He .OOJihiiie
60 ,JieT, npHo6peTa.H Ha )KH3HeHHOM nyTH BCe
6oJie3HH, KaKHe eCTh.
EcJIH Bhi 6y.n;eTe npH,n:ep)KHBaThc.H pa3,n:eJihHoro
TIHTaHH.H, KaK .H peKOMeH)J;OBaJI B CBOHX .KHHraX,
a. c . B03pacn>M yno1pe6JI.HTh 6oJihme HaT}'PaJih,..
HhlX paCTHTeJihHhiX TipO.IzyKTOB, orpaHHqHBa.H
KOJIHqeCTBO )KHBOTHOH TIHIIJ;H, TO 6y,n:eTe )KHTh
He MeHhme 70 JieT, npaKTHqecKH He 6oJie.H.
EcJIH Bhi 6y,n:eTe no.n:.n;ep)KHBaTh KHCJIOTHo-m:e-
JioqHoe paBHOBecHe B npe.n;enax . pH 7 ,4, HC-
KJIIOqHB H3 TIHTaHH.H UOCJie 30, 4{), OC06eHHO
' 50 JieT )KifBOTHlde npO.LJ:}'KThl -: - MHCO, pbi6y,
.HHIJ,a H KHCJihie OBOIIJ;H, TO npo:>KHBeTe CTOJihKO,
.... CKOJihKO BaM OTBe,n:eHO )KHTh IlpHpo,n:oil, .a .3TO
He MeHbiiie 80-100JieT, BTIOJIHOM 3,n:paBHH.
Ceilqac B MOHX TIJiaHax HaMeqeHo BhTIJYCTHTh KHH-
ry. <<,[{oJirOJieTHe. Mmphi H. peaJihHOCTb, KOTopyiO .H
89
nOCTapaiOCb. 3aKOH'iflTb B 3TOM, ' 2006 TO)zy.
B Heii JI 6y.ny .o TOM; Hero
JIHIIIb HeMHoro KOCHYJICjJ. " .
. MHoroneTHIDI npaKTmca nen:uTene:H
H03BOMey BbiBO.ZJ;, qTo
K nHTaHHlO H36aBH:I 3a6oJieBaHHH, KOTO-
pbie OcpHQHaJI6HaJI cqHTaeT HeH3JieqH-
Bee 3TO H3MeHeHHe eymeeT-
KOTOpaJI )')Ke H3iKHJia ee6g,
Ho no HHepn:u:u eymeeTBOBan., He
6aBJijljJ a TOJibKO HX eo-
CTOj!HHe. CoTHH 6oJibHbiX, pa3}'BepHBII1Heeg B o$H-
IUfaJibHOH Me)UIQHHe pa:3nijqHbiX ypoBHeH H
Ha )'Ka3aHHblii peiKHM nHTaHHjJ H
B eoqeTaHHH e COJibiO H nepeKHeblO 3a
epaBHHTeJibHO KOpOTKOe BpeMjJ H3 XpOHHKOB H HH-
eTaHOBHJIHeb IIpaKTHqeeKH
Ho rJiaBHaJI HX B TOM, qro OHH no-
Hj!JIH: 6e3 eo6eTBeHHbiX yeHJIHH, XOTjJ 6bi 20---
30 MHHYf B norpaqeHHbiX Ha ee6g, BepHee,
He o6oiiTHeb. Ho
HHKTO 3THX, H B TOM q:uene 3,II;OpO-
BbiX, 3TOMY He yqHT, H60 B O$HUHaJibHOH
ee:Hqae HHKOMY 3Toro HeT, rnaB-
Hoe -. nOJiyqHTb npH6b!Jlb <t>apMHH-
.nye:rpHH, KOTOpaJI KaK pa3 H BrOHgeT B MO-
rHJiy. H3BeeTHO, qTo HapyiiieH:ue nlo6oro
TexHonor:uqee:Koro nponecea, paHo HJIH
K rronoMKe eHeTeMbL A pa6oTa
TpaKTa - 3TO eJIOiKHeH-
IIIHH TexHonor:uqeeKHii nponeee,
90
60JibiiiOrO KOJIHqeeTBa 3HepmH, KOTOpyiO opniHH3-
MY, Ha$oHe noeTOjJHHbiX crpeeeoB (a HM Bee BpeMjJ
Haiii qeJIOBeK H3-3a HeyeTOHqHBOH
e:ueTeMbl ye:rpo:Herna, Heonpe-
H iKH3HH), He
XBaTaeT. He.naneKo H $YHKQHOHaJibHbiX
paecrpoHCTB H 3a6oJieBaHHH, no KOTOpbiX H
ocpHQHam.HaJI Me,znm;HHa. BOT noqeMY JII06aJI
IIpOBO,IUIMaJI B CTpaHe pe$opMa, ynyq-
IIIeHHjl o6peqeHa aa npoBan.
CKaxane MHe Ha MHJioen., KaK MOiKHO 6bmo
eJIOiKHeHIIIHe HanpaBJieHHjJ B iKH3HH e:rpaHbl, TaKHe
KaK3paBooxpaHeHHe if eon:uanbHbie Bonpoebl, o6n-
B u;enoe H OT;IJ;aTb Ha OTKYfl . qeJIOBe-
Ky; OT Me)UII{HHbl H pa3BaJIHBIIIeMY Bee
TO, qTo MOiKHO 6biJIO enaeTH. Ce:Hqac MYee:u-
pyeTcg BOnpOe;O BOeeTaHOBJieHHH MH-
HHeTeperna B
crpaHe nonoiKeHHe HanoMHHaeT MHe PaJ-
BaneHo HOBbiH o6pa-
K eTapoMY H enpaiiiHBaeT: qTo 6bl Bbl noeo-
BeTOBaJIH MHe B nepByiO ToT oT-
BeqaeT, BOT BaM TpH KOHBepra, KaK TOJibKO
3a eTOJI, BCKpOHTe nepBbiH KOHBepTa.
3aeTonopHTeg - BeKpOHTe BTopOH, . a
eoBeeM eTaHeT nnoxo -.- TpeTHH. HoBI:JH PYKOBO-
eeJI 3a CTOJI, BeKpbiBaeT nepBbiH KOHBepT,
q:uTaeT: pe<t>opMy;.. BpeMjJ;
B .rynHK, OH BCKpbiBaeT .BTOpOH KOH;.,
BepT, q:uTaeT: Bee BaJIH Ha Ha-
KOHen KpaX eTaHOBHTeH
91
TpeTHH KOHBepT, a TaM CJIOBO:
CpaBHHBaTb 3TOT c
He TOJibKO rpyCTHO, HO H TpeBO)KHO 3a C1JlaHY -
3Ta HCTOpiDI ITOBTOp:SieTCR, HaqHHa:SI C 1917
IIOTOM B 60-X, 80-x, H B IIOCJie,ZUiee BpeM:SI,
cefi:SI 3HaKOBbiMH IIOJIHTHKH,
He CJIYIIIa:SI ,ll;pyra, He MOryT B Ka-
KOM rocy,ll;apcTBe Mbi xrnBeM, KY,ll;a Ee3 :Qene-
BoU: IKe rrporpaMMbi, :SICHOH H IIOIUITHOH JIIO,WIM, ,B
KOTopoU: rnaBHbiM cTepJKHeM 6LITb qeno-
seK H ero HHTepecbl, HHKaKOH IIOJIHTHqecKHH CTpOH
He MOJKCT.
MHe qTo MeiDITb
He CTpYKTYPhl, a BOCCTaHaBJIHBatb OCHOBOIIOJiara-
$H3HOJIOrHqecKHe MeXaHH3Mbi, HapymeHHe
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qTo Ha IIpHMepe 34>4leKTa OT rrpaBHJI
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JIHTEPATYPA
1. A<f>aHacbeB A. H. ,[(peso )I(H3HH.- M., 1983.
2. EypeifKo B. B. Ponb neKapcTseHHhiX pacTeHHH B neqeHHH 6o-
ne3Heif.- CapaTOB, 1912.
3. fpHropbeB H. B. TpaBbl H pacTeHIDI, KaK HCToqHHK
Bh.ll.- M., 1914.
4. fpH<l><f>HT B. BHTaMHHhi, TPaBLI, MHHepaJibi H nHmeBbie
KH: CnpasoqHHKI Ilep. c aHrn. K. TKaqeHKO. - M., 2000.
5. KaHTK. !J)HToTepanHJI, cnoco6
MH paCTeHIDIMH no OCHOBHbiM 3aKOHaM HaTYP8JlbHOrO MeTO-
-M., 1913. . .
6. KpaTKOe noco6He no 60TaHHKe: KpaTKOe onlicaHHe JieKap-
CTBeHHbiX paCTeHHif pyccKoif KHeB, 190-'t
7. KyJHeQosa M.A., Pe3HHKosa A. C. CKaJaHIDI o neKapCTBeH-
Hhix pacTeHIDIX. - M., 1992.
8. K. Y36eKCKHH IDIOB.- TawKeHT, 1979.
9. o603peHHe. -2000. - .N'!! 3.
10. HecTepoBCKaH' A. 10:, PeMIOK T; CnemHJIOB JI . .SI . . H
TPaBHHhiX qaes.- M., 1998.
11. HHMeifep. 0 H H o 3HaqeHHH
CII6., 1865.
12. IIamKesHq B. B. JleKapcTBeHHhie paCTeHIDI, HX KYJihTYPa H
c6op. - M.-JI., 1930.
13. IIonHa.s: <f>HTOTeparrHH.- M.-
CII6., 1998.
14. IloMomh 6onhHhiM.- M., 1913.
15. PhiTOB B. PyccKHe neKapcTBeHHble pacTeHIDI.- IleT:po-
rpM, 1918.
16. TeneceMb.- 2001.- .N'!! 49 (351).
17. To6nep <l>., r., P.s:6oB 11.11., OrrHTII K., lliHJIJIHHr E.
JleH KaK rrpMHJibHoe H MacnHqHoe pacTeHHe. - M.-JI., 1931.
18. QapcTBO spaqe6HbiX TPaB H pacTeHHH (IIene6HhiH TPaBHHK). -
M., 1870.
19. Qene6Hl>Ie CHJibi IIonHhiH Qene6HbiH TPaBHHK.-
CII6., 1871.
20. lliMenesa M. H. PyccKHe H cospeMeH-
HOCTb. H IIHTaHHe pyccKHX. - M ., 1995.
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