GSM Uplink and Downlink Frequency

By Saifuddin Abdullah, eHow Contributor

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GSM Uplink and Downlink Frequency

Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a cellular communication standard developed in 1989 by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). This cellular standard presents the concept of creating an interconnection between roaming mobile units (or mobile phones) and Base Transceiver Station (BTS) towers, which indicate the source of coverage for a limited geographical area called a "cell." This interconnection between mobile units and BTS is based upon simultaneous transmission and reception of data packets from each other on different unique frequencies, known as uplink and downlink frequencies.

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1. Uplink Frequency
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In a GSM network, the term uplink frequency is used for a band (or group) of frequencies dedicated for transmitting data from mobile units (or cell phones) to the BTS towers. The uplink frequency in a GSM network generally lies between a range of 890 and 915 megahertz (MHz), making it a 25-MHz band. This band contains multiple frequencies from 890.1 MHz to 914.9 MHz, allotted rapidly to different users to facilitate maximum number of mobile units under a single BTS.

Downlink Frequency
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The downlink frequency in a GSM network refers to the transmitting frequency from BTS antenna to a mobile unit on ground. This frequency lies within the range of 935 to 960 MHz, which makes it a 25-MHz frequency band. In similarity to uplink frequency scenario, the downlink frequency band also contains multiple frequencies (ranging from 935.1 MHz to 959.9 MHz) to facilitate multiple mobile units on ground.

Uplink/Downlink Band Gap

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A significant band gap of 20 MHz (such as 915 to 935 MHz) between uplink and downlink frequencies is made standard in GSM operations to avoid any interference between uplink and downlink data transmission sessions. Furthermore, this also makes it possible for BTS to allot unique frequencies to different roaming users in a standardized manner.

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