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dzks/ksSdzks/kU+ ek$sSZk#a1U+ vkSj b%;kSb-!;k-UA bl izdkj vkksd #kurk gS fd mlds /k># d( Ik;k-Ir i$rM ds fy) mlds Bkjk crk;s /;s dr-,;ksa ds ikyu ds lk.k lk.k bu f&dkjksa ls #q=r gksuk Hk( vk&;d gSA ij &g brus ij g( larq!" ug(a gksrkA &g g#as vkfR#d m'ufr dk #k/Hk( crkrk gS vkSj &g gS vk8e7f$jh!k"k dk #k/-A &g visOkk djrk gS fd /k># dks #kuus &kyk bl ckr dks Hkfy izdkj ls l#8 ys fd /k># d( &k3rf&d & f5 ds fy) vkR#9fuj(Ok4k ij#vk&;d gSA vkksd ds vuqlkj bldk rkRi;- 3&;a ds pfjC dk fuj(Ok4k u ds&y Hkys dk;ks- dk cf%d fd;s /;s ikiksa dk Hk(A vius 3raHk ys[k G #as &g dgrk gS fd \ #uq!; ds&y vius Hkys dk# dks 0s[krk gS vkSj vius vki ls dgrk gS fd #Sus ;g Hkyk dk# fd;k gSA &g viuk iki dHk( ug(a 0s[krk vkSj u dHk( 3&;a ls ;g dgrk gS fd \#Sus ;g iki fd;k gS] ;k \;g lp#qp vkflu& gS]A bl izdkj vkksd dgrk gS fd ;g )slk #k#yk gS f*l#as vkR#9fuj(Ok4k djuk dfAu gSA ij fRj Hk( #uq!; dks bldk Z;ku j[kuk pkfg;s vkSj lkspuk pkfg;s fd bl bl rjg ds f&dkjksa ls vkflu& gksrk gS+ vkSj mlds dkj4k #sjk iru gks *k;s/kA vkksd dk /k># )d )slk /k#- gS f*ls dksb- Hk( ,;f=r fcuk fdl( kadk ;k f&&k0 ds viuk ldrk gSA bl#as fdl( izdkj d( /$`2 ;k 0kk-fud ckrksa dk m%ys[k ug(a *ks fd yks/ksa dks vl#a*l #sa ;k fdl( v&;4kr Qku ;k f&pkj #as my8k 0sA Hka41kjdj *( vkksd ds /k># dks lHk( /k#ks-a d( lk8( l>ifRr #kurs gSaA &s dgrs gSa fd &g g#as *ks

11

/q4k vkSj vkpj4k /kkj4k djus ds fy) dgrk gS &s A(d &g( gSa f*'gsa lc /k#- vuqdj4k(; crkrs gSaA fkykys[k IG #as &g 3&;a bl ckr dks 3&(dkjrk gSA ml#as &g dgrk gS fd \;&uksa dks 7ks12dj dksb- )slk 0sk ug(a *gkE czkW4k vkSj L#4k laZk u gksaa vkSj dksb- )slk 3.kku ug(a *gkE yks/ fdl( u fdl( #r dks u #kurs gkasA vkSj &k3r& #as+ l&-C czkW4kksa ds+ L#4kksa ds+ vkSj v'; #r gSa vkSj &gkE /zg3.k yks/ jgrs gSa f*u#as & 59lqL$!kk+ fir 9lqL$!kk+ /q:9lqL$!kk+ fk!" ,;&gkj vkSj f#Cksa+ ifjfprksa+ lk.k(;ksa+ vkSj lacf'/k;ksa ls r.kk 0klksa vkSj Hk R;ksa ls v"y izs# vkf0 vkpj4k izpfyr gSaA blls 3i!" gksrk gS fd mldk /k># *ks fd dr-,; iz/kku gS+ lc l>iz0k;ksa #as lk#k'; :Ik ls f&@#ku p(*2 gSA vkSj kk;0 bl(fy) &g 3r>Hk ys[k lkr #as dgrk gS fd \ 0s&rkvkas ds fiz; jk*k fi;03l( ;g dk#uk djrs gSa fd lc l>iz0k; ds yks/ lc */g jgsa+ =;ksafd lc la;# vkSj Hkk&kqf5 pkgrs gSa ysfdu #uq!;ksa d( f&f&/k bX7k;sa vkSj f&f&/k vuqjk/ gSaA &s ;k rks l>i$4k- :Ik ls ;k ds&y )d vak #as bldk ikyu djsa/sA *ks m0kj gS fd'rq f*l#sa la;#+ Hkk&kq5rk+ d rQrk vkSj 0 `2 f&&kl ug(a+ &g u(p #kuk *krk gS]A vkksd bl#as yks/ksa dks crkrk gS fd la;# vkSj Hkk&kqf5 )sls /q4k gSa f*uds fcuk dksb- ,;f=r viuk mR.kku ug(a dj ldrkA buds fcuk l#3r vX7s d R; ,;.k- gSaA izR;sd laiz0k; bu /q4kksa d( fkOkk 0srk gSA laHk& gS fd izR;sd ,;f=r ds fy) lHk( mi0skksa dk ikyu djuk vklku u gks fd'rq fRj Hk( bu /q4kksa dk ikyu ,;f=rR& ds mR.kku ds fy) ij# vk&;d gSA

12

vkksd IF&sa 0(Zk- fkykys[k #as dgrk gS fd 0s&rkvksa ds fiz; jk*k fiz;0f3l f&f&/k 0ku vkSj l>#ku Bkjk lc l>iz0;ksa dk+ pkgs &g l';kl( gSa ;k /zg3.k+ lRdkj djrs gSaA ysfdu 0s&rkvkas ds fiz; 0ku vkSj l>#ku dks bruk #gR&i$4k- ug( #kurs f*ruk bl ckr dks fd lc l>iz0k;ksa #as lkj d( & f5 gksA lkj d( & f5 db- rjg ls gksr( gS ysfdu bldk #$y &kdla;# gS f*lls yks/ #kSds cs#kSds vius l>iz0k; d( izkalk vkSj 0$ljs l>iz0k;ksa d( fu'0k u djsa ;k dHk( fu'0k gks Hk( rks la;# ds lk.kA gj v&lj ij+ 0$ljs l>iz0k; dk vk0j djuk pkfg;s =;ksafd )slk djus ls ,;f=r vius l>iz0k; d( m'ufr vkSj 0$ljs l>iz0k;ksa dk midkj djrk gSA blds f&ij(r vkpj4k djus ls &g vius l>iz0k; dks uqdlku igqEpkrk gS vkSj 0$ljs l>iz0k; dk Hk( vidkj djrk gS]A fufpr :Ik ls vkksd Hk( ;g *kurk .kk fd mldk /k># lHk( /k#ks- dk lkj gS =;ksafd /k#- pkgs dksb- Hk( gks mu lHk( dk lkj )d g( gSA blfy) ;f0 g# fdl( Hk( /k#- d( cqjkb- djrs gSa rks )d izdkj ls g# vius g( /k#- dks /yr Agjkrs gSaA bl(fy) vkksd dgrk gS fd pkgs czkW4k /k#- gks ;k L#4k /k#- 0ksuksa dk vk0j djuk pkfg;s =;kasfd 0ksuksa fdrus Hk( fHk'u =;ksa u gkas mudk lkj rks )d g( gSA vr: g#as /k#ks- dk lkj l#8rs gq) viu( &kf4k ij la;# j[kuk pkfg;s vkSj /k># d( lkj & f5 dju( pkfg;sA vkksd dgrk gS fd \\yks/ )d 0$ljs ds /k#- dks lqus vkSj Hkf&!; #as lquus d( bX7k j[ksa]]A =;kasfd blls lc l>iz0k;ksa

13

d( *kudkj( vkSj Qku #as & f5 gks/( vkSj lalkj dk d%;k4k gks/kA bl izdkj vius l>iz0k; d( m''kfr vkSj /k># dk izdkk gks/kA vkksd ds vuqlkj izR;sd /k#- ds 0ks igy$ gksrs gSa I9 : lS5kf'rd F9: vkpkj l>cf'/kA lS5kf'rd igy$ #as d#-9dka41 vkSj /kk;#d /z'.kksa dk ckSf5d f&&spu vkrk gSA *cfd /k#- dk vkpkj l>cf'/k :Ik &g gS *ks )d l#80kj vkSj lXp( Hkk&uk &kyk ,;f=r 3&Hkk&r: djs/k+ vkSj ;g( /k#- dk lXpk :Ik gSA Hka41kjdj #gks0; ds k?0ksa #as b *gkE rd /k#- ds lS5kf'rd vak dk izu gS+ blds u ds&y f&&klksa ds ckjs #as+ cf%d fd;s *kus &kys d#-9dka41ksa ds ckjs #as Hk( f&fHk'u vkSj ij3ij f&jks/k( f&pkj gksuk 3&Hkkf&d gSA )slk v&;>Hkk&( gS =;ksafd #ku&(; cqf5 cgqr fHk'u gksr( gSA ij *gkE rd /k#- ds vkpkj l>cf'/k igy$ dk l>c'/k gS+ muds uSfrd /q4kksa vkSj uSfrd vkpkjksa ds ckjs #as+ *ks g#sa vius ,;&gkj #as iz0;kr djus pkfg;s+ fdl( dk dksb- #rHks0 ;k f&jks/k ug(a gS+ cf%d i$4k- #rS=; gScA &Sls #sjs f&pkj #sa fdl( Hk( /k#- ds lS5kf'rd igy$ mlds m0Hk& ds dky dks izfrfcf>cr djrs gSaA ml l#; ds 0sk9dky d( ifjf3.kfr;ksa #as mudk f&dkl gksrk gSA bl ckr dks g# &Sf0d /k#-+ ckS5 /k#- v.k&k #qf3y# ;k blkb- /k#- ds f&dkl dks 0s[kdj l#8 ldrs gSA *cfd vkpkj(; igy$ #as /k#- dk m00s; fufgr gksrk gS f*l#as #ku& ds uSfrd vkpj4k lf'ufgr gksrs gSa vkSj blfy) ;g izR;sd /k#- #as l#ku gksrk gS+ =;ksafd ;g( /k#-9lkj gS vkSj &g fdl( )d /k#- d( laifRr ug(a gks

14

ldrkA vkSj bl( vk/kkj ij Hka1kjdj *( dgrs gS fd bvkksd f*l /k#- d( fkOkk 0srk gS &g &k3r& #as ;g lkj g( gSA 0$lj( vksj+ T;ksag( g# viu( cqf5 d( y/k# `(y( djrs gSa R;ksag( d#-9dka41 vkSj /kk;#d fl5k'rksa ls l>cf'/kr izuksa ij vu'r f&&k0 djus d( /qa*kbk gks *kr( gS+ vkSj vf/kdrj ;g f&&k0 fujk kq!d dyg gksrk gSA blds dkj4k g( yks/ mi;q=r v&lj u gksus ij Hk( vius laiz0k; d( izkalk djrs gSa ;k 0$ljksa ds laiz0k; d( vdkj4k fu'0k djrs gSa99&k3r& #as bl #rk'/krk ds f&:5 g(+ *Slk d( g# 0s[k pqds gSa vkksd us viu( kf=rkky( vk&k*2 mAkb-cA ;g ckr lR; gS fd vkksd dk ckS) er dh rjQ >qdko Fkk fdUrq ckS) lkfgR;ksa eas vkksd vkSj ckS) er ds lEcU/kksa dks c<+k p<k+ dj isk fd;k ;k! fdUrq "c ge vkksd ds

vf#k$s%kksa dk v/;;& djrs gSa rks gesa irk p$rk gS fd vkksd fdlh 'd f&fpr /ke( eas fookl &gha j%krk Fkk cf)d og rks l#kh /keks(a dh lkj o*f) pkgrk Fkk! +ls ,l ckr ls dks,( ljksdkj &gha Fkk fd +ldh i-"k c-k./k /ke( dks i0"rh gS ;k fQj +&dk fookl #k ok& cq) eas gS! og rks vi&h i-"k dk vkpj/k lq/kkj&k pkgrk Fkk! 1;kasfd og "k&rk Fkk fd ,lh ds ek/;e ls i-"k dks $kSfdd 'oa ikj$kSfdd lq%k dh i-kf2r gks ldrh gS! ,lh rF; dks le>k&s dk i-;kl +l&s vi&s /kEe eas fd;k gS vkSj "k&s v&"k&s +l&s 'd 'sls /ke( dk vk3k( i-4rqr dj f3;k "ks ok4ro eas l5pk ek&o /ke( dg$k&s ;ks6; gS! vkksd ds 3*f78dks/k dh 9;kidrk dk v&qek&

15

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