Problema

En el estudio de la tixotropa de una muestra de Carboximetil celulosa al 1%, Ultra Alta viscosidad
se obtuvieron los siguientes datos:

( )

1.04

3.46

4.56

6.05

7.68

9.51

11.89

14.36

19.44

23.56

1 2.56
( )

7.35

9.76

13.89

18.78

24.65

32.88

41.38

62.97

84.49

Deducimos el tipo de fluido.

Para esto hacemos la grfica

Dado que la grfica nos indica que no sigue el modelo newtoniano (lineal) se concluye que
estamos frente a un fluido no newtoniano.

Procedemos a modelar el comportamiento de este fluido bajo diversos modelos:

a) Modelo de Ostwald:

1.04

3.46

4.56

6.05

7.68

9.51

11.89

14.36

19.44

23.56

1 2.56
( )

7.35

9.76

13.89

18.78

24.65

32.88

41.38

62.97

84.49

( )

Formando la funcin objetiva S:

Donde: = ;

= ( )2
=1

= ( +
=1

2
)

= 2 ( + || )|| =

=1

= 2 ( + || )()()() =

=1

Con estas 2 ecuaciones de 2 incgnitas formamos nuestro sistema de ecuaciones no

lineales.
Trabajamos con el programa Polymath para hallar los parmetros m y n.

POLYMATH Report
Nonlinear Equations

01-sep-2013

Calculated values of NLE variables

Variable Value

f(x)

1 m

2 n

-17.8296 0

Variable Value
1 e

2.718282

Initial Guess

5.474E-08 0
0

Nonlinear equations
f(m) = (1.04 + m * (2.56) ^ n) * ((2.56) ^ n) + (3.46 + m * (7.35) ^ n) * ((7.35) ^ n) + (4.56
+ m * (9.76) ^ n) * ((9.76) ^ n) + (6.05 + m * (13.89) ^ n) * ((13.89) ^ n) + (7.68 + m *
1 (18.78) ^ n) * ((18.78) ^ n) + (9.51 + m * (24.65) ^ n) * ((24.65) ^ n) + (11.89 + m * (32.88)
^ n) * ((32.88) ^ n) + (14.36 + m * (41.38) ^ n) * ((41.38) ^ n) + (19.44 + m * (62.97) ^ n)
* ((62.97) ^ n) + (23.56 + m * (84.49) ^ n) * ((84.49) ^ n) = 0
f(n) = (1.04 + m * (2.56) ^ n) * (m * (ln(2.56)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(2.56))) + (3.46 + m * (7.35)
^ n) * (m * (ln(7.35)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(7.35))) + (4.56 + m * (9.76) ^ n) * (m * (ln(9.76)) * e
^ ((n - 1) * ln(9.76))) + (6.05 + m * (13.89) ^ n) * (m * (ln(13.89)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(13.89)))
+ (7.68 + m * (18.78) ^ n) * (m * (ln(18.78)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(18.78))) + (9.51 + m *
2
(24.65) ^ n) * (m * (ln(24.65)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(24.65))) + (11.89 + m * (32.88) ^ n) * (m *
(ln(32.88)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(32.88))) + (14.36 + m * (41.38) ^ n) * (m * (ln(41.38)) * e ^ ((n
- 1) * ln(41.38))) + (19.44 + m * (62.97) ^ n) * (m * (ln(62.97)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(62.97))) +
(23.56 + m * (84.49) ^ n) * (m * (ln(84.49)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(84.49))) = 0
Explicit equations
1 e = 2.7182818
General Settings
Total number of equations

Number of implicit equations 2

Number of explicit equations 1
Elapsed time

0.0000 sec

Solution method

SAFENEWT

Max iterations

150

Tolerance F

0.0000001

Tolerance X

0.0000001

Tolerance min

0.0000001

Modelo de Ellis

( )

1.04

3.46

4.56

1 2.56
( )

7.35

9.76

= (0 + 1 | |1 )

6.05

7.68

9.51

11.89

14.36

19.44

23.56

13.89

18.78

24.65

32.88

41.38

62.97

84.49

Formando la funcin objetiva S:

Donde: = ;

= ( )2
=1

= ( + (0 + 1 | |1 ) )

=1

= 2 ( + (0 + 1 ||1 ))() =
0

=1

= 2 ( + (0 + 1 ||1 ))(||1 ) =
1
=1

= 2 ( + (0 + 1 ||1 ))() (1)() =

=1

Con estas 3 ecuaciones de 3 incgnitas formamos nuestro sistema de ecuaciones no

lineales.
Trabajamos con el programa Polymath para hallar los parmetros 0 , 1 :

POLYMATH Report
Nonlinear Equations

01-sep-2013

Calculated values of NLE variables

Variable Value

f(x)

Initial Guess

1 phi0

-3.425764 1.421E-14 0

2 phi1

4.917635 1.421E-14 0

3 alpha

2.456E-17 4.263E-14 0

Variable Value
1 e

2.718282

Nonlinear equations
f(phi0) = (2.56 + 1.04 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 1.04 ^ (alpha)) + (7.35 + 3.46 * (phi0) + (phi1) *
3.46 ^ (alpha)) + (9.76 + 4.56 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 4.56 ^ (alpha)) + (13.89 + 6.05 * (phi0) +
(phi1) * 6.05 ^ (alpha)) + (18.78 + 7.68 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 7.68 ^ (alpha)) + (24.65 + 9.51 *
1
(phi0) + (phi1) * 9.51 ^ (alpha)) + (32.88 + 11.89 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 11.89 ^ (alpha)) +
(41.38 + 14.36 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 14.36 ^ (alpha)) + (62.97 + 19.44 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 19.44
^ (alpha)) + (84.49 + 23.56 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 23.56 ^ (alpha)) = 0
f(phi1) = (2.56 + 1.04 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 2.56 ^ (alpha)) * 1.04 ^ (alpha) + (7.35 + 3.46 *
(phi0) + (phi1) * 3.46 ^ (alpha)) * 3.46 ^ (alpha) + (9.76 + 4.56 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 4.56 ^
(alpha)) * 4.56 ^ (alpha) + (13.89 + 6.05 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 6.05 ^ (alpha)) * 6.05 ^ (alpha) +
(18.78 + 7.68 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 7.68 ^ (alpha)) * 7.68 ^ (alpha) + (24.65 + 9.51 * (phi0) +
2
(phi1) * 9.51 ^ (alpha)) * 9.51 ^ (alpha) + (32.88 + 11.89 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 11.89 ^ (alpha))
* 11.89 ^ (alpha) + (41.38 + 14.36 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 14.36 ^ (alpha)) * 14.36 ^ (alpha) +
(62.97 + 19.44 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 19.44 ^ (alpha)) * 19.44 ^ (alpha) + (84.49 + 23.56 * (phi0)
+ (phi1) * 23.56 ^ (alpha)) * 23.56 ^ (alpha) = 0
f(alpha) = (2.56 + 1.04 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 1.04 ^ (alpha)) * (1.04 * (ln(1.04)) * e ^ ((alpha 1) * ln(1.04))) + (7.35 + 3.46 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 3.46 ^ (alpha)) * (3.46 * (ln(3.46)) * e ^
((alpha - 1) * ln(3.46))) + (9.76 + 4.56 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 4.56 ^ (alpha)) * (4.56 * (ln(4.56)) *
3
e ^ ((alpha - 1) * ln(4.56))) + (13.89 + 6.05 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 6.05 ^ (alpha)) * (6.05 *
(ln(6.05)) * e ^ ((alpha - 1) * ln(6.05))) + (18.78 + 7.68 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 7.68 ^ (alpha)) *
(7.68 * (ln(7.68)) * e ^ ((alpha - 1) * ln(7.68))) + (24.65 + 9.51 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 9.51 ^

(alpha)) * (9.51 * (ln(9.51)) * e ^ ((alpha - 1) * ln(9.51))) + (32.88 + 11.89 * (phi0) + (phi1) *

11.89 ^ (alpha)) * (11.89 * (ln(11.89)) * e ^ ((alpha - 1) * ln(11.89))) + (41.38 + 14.36 *
(phi0) + (phi1) * 14.36 ^ (alpha)) * (14.36 * (ln(14.36)) * e ^ ((alpha - 1) * ln(14.36))) +
(62.97 + 19.44 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 19.44 ^ (alpha)) * (19.44 * (ln(19.44)) * e ^ ((alpha - 1) *
ln(19.44))) + (84.49 + 23.56 * (phi0) + (phi1) * 23.56 ^ (alpha)) * (23.56 * (ln(23.56)) * e ^
((alpha - 1) * ln(23.56))) = 0
Explicit equations
1 e = 2.718282
General Settings
Total number of equations

Number of implicit equations 3

Number of explicit equations 1
Elapsed time

0.0000 sec

Solution method

SAFENEWT

Max iterations

150

Tolerance F

0.0000001

Tolerance X

0.0000001

Tolerance min

0.0000001

Modelo de Ellis, Heimes, Fredrickson:

=

1
0
=
1
1
+ 0
0 +
=

Donde: :

( )

1

=

1.04

3.46

4.56

6.05

7.68

9.51

11.89

14.36

19.44

23.56

1 2.56
( )

7.35

9.76

13.89

18.78

24.65

32.88

41.38

62.97

84.49

-0.471

-0.467

-0.436

-0.409

-0.386

-0.362

-0.347

-0.309

-0.279

-0.406

Formando la funcin objetiva S:

= ( )2
=1

= (
=1

Donde:
= ; =

0 2
)
+ 0

0
1

= 2 (
)
=
( + 0 )2

+ 0
=1

0
0

= 2 (
)
=
+ 0
( + 0 )2

=1

Con estas 2 ecuaciones de 2 incgnitas formamos nuestro sistema de ecuaciones no

lineales.
Trabajamos con el programa Polymath para hallar los parmetros :
POLYMATH Report
Nonlinear Equations

01-sep-2013

Calculated values of NLE variables

Variable Value

f(x)

Initial Guess

1 uo

-0.4182877 -7.341E-08 0

2 n

355.7364

9.134E-10 1.

Nonlinear equations
f(uo) = -(-0.406 - (uo * n * 2.56) / (n * 2.56 + uo)) * ((n * 2.56 - 1) / (n * 2.56 + uo) ^ 2) - (0.471 - (uo * n * 7.35) / (n * 7.35 + uo)) * ((n * 7.35 - 1) / (n * 7.35 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.467 - (uo
* n * 9.76) / (n * 9.76 + uo)) * ((n * 9.76 - 1) / (n * 9.76 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.436 - (uo * n *
13.89) / (n * 13.89 + uo)) * ((n * 13.89 - 1) / (n * 13.89 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.409 - (uo * n * 18.78)
/ (n * 18.78 + uo)) * ((n * 18.78 - 1) / (n * 18.78 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.386 - (uo * n * 24.65) / (n *
1
24.65 + uo)) * ((n * 24.65 - 1) / (n * 24.65 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.362 - (uo * n * 32.88) / (n * 32.88
+ uo)) * ((n * 32.88 - 1) / (n * 32.88 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.347 - (uo * n * 41.38) / (n * 41.38 + uo))
* ((n * 41.38 - 1) / (n * 41.38 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.309 - (uo * n * 62.97) / (n * 62.97 + uo)) * ((n *
62.97 - 1) / (n * 63.97 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.279 - (uo * n * 84.49) / (n * 84.49 + uo)) * ((n * 84.49
- 1) / (n * 84.49 + uo) ^ 2) = 0
f(n) = -(-0.406 - (uo * n * 2.56) / (n * 2.56 + uo)) * ((uo * 2.56 - 2.56) / (n * 2.56 + uo) ^ 2) (-0.471 - (uo * n * 7.35) / (n * 7.35 + uo)) * ((uo * 7.35 - 7.35) / (n * 7.35 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.467
- (uo * n * 9.76) / (n * 9.76 + uo)) * ((uo * 9.76 - 9.76) / (n * 9.76 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.436 - (uo *
n * 13.89) / (n * 13.89 + uo)) * ((uo * 13.89 - 13.89) / (n * 13.89 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.409 - (uo * n
* 18.78) / (n * 18.78 + uo)) * ((uo * 18.78 - 18.78) / (n * 18.78 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.386 - (uo * n *
2
24.65) / (n * 24.65 + uo)) * ((uo * 24.65 - 24.65) / (n * 24.65 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.362 - (uo * n *
32.88) / (n * 32.88 + uo)) * ((uo * 32.88 - 32.88) / (n * 32.88 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.347 - (uo * n *
41.38) / (n * 41.38 + uo)) * ((uo * 41.38 - 41.38) / (n * 41.38 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.309 - (uo * n *
62.97) / (n * 62.97 + uo)) * ((uo * 62.97 - 62.97) / (n * 62.97 + uo) ^ 2) - (-0.279 - (uo * n *
84.49) / (n * 84.49 + uo)) * ((uo * 84.49 - 84.49) / (n * 84.49 + uo) ^ 2) = 0

General Settings
Total number of equations

Number of implicit equations 2

Number of explicit equations 0
Elapsed time

0.0000 sec

Solution method

SAFENEWT

Max iterations

150

Tolerance F

0.0000001

Tolerance X

0.0000001

Tolerance min

0.0000001

Modelo de Sisko
= + 1
=

Donde: :

( )

1

=

1.04

3.46

4.56

6.05

7.68

9.51

11.89

14.36

19.44

23.56

1 2.56
( )

7.35

9.76

13.89

18.78

24.65

32.88

41.38

62.97

84.49

-0.471

-0.467

-0.436

-0.409

-0.386

-0.362

-0.347

-0.309

-0.279

-0.406

Formando la funcin objetiva S:

=1

= ( ( + 1 ))2
=1

Donde:
= ; =

= ( )2

= 2 ( ( + 1 ))( 1 ) =

=1

= ( ( + 1 )() (1)() =

=1

= ( ( + 1 ))(1) =

=1

Con estas 3 ecuaciones de 3 incgnitas formamos nuestro sistema de ecuaciones no

lineales.
Trabajamos con el programa Polymath para hallar los parmetros , :
POLYMATH Report
Nonlinear Equations

01-sep-2013

Calculated values of NLE variables

Variable Value

f(x)

Initial Guess

1 m

2.468E-17 -7.467E-08 0

2 n

-12.22996 1.732E-24 0

3 uo

-0.3872

1.11E-16

Variable Value
1 e

2.718282

Nonlinear equations
f(m) = (-0.406 - uo - m * (2.56) ^ (n - 1)) * (2.56) ^ (n - 1) + (-0.471 - uo - m * (7.35) ^ (n 1)) * (7.35) ^ (n - 1) + (-0.467 - uo - m * (9.76) ^ (n - 1)) * (9.76) ^ (n - 1) + (-0.436 - uo - m
* (13.89) ^ (n - 1)) * (13.89) ^ (n - 1) + (-0.409 - uo - m * (18.78) ^ (n - 1)) * (18.78) ^ (n 1 1) + (-0.386 - uo - m * (24.65) ^ (n - 1)) * (24.65) ^ (n - 1) + (-0.362 - uo - m * (32.88) ^ (n 1)) * (32.88) ^ (n - 1) + (-0.347 - uo - m * (41.38) ^ (n - 1)) * (41.38) ^ (n - 1) + (-0.309 - uo
- m * (62.97) ^ (n - 1)) * (62.97) ^ (n - 1) + (-0.279 - uo - m * (84.49) ^ (n - 1)) * (84.49) ^
(n - 1) = 0
f(n) = (-0.406 - uo - m * (2.56) ^ (n - 1)) * (-m * (ln(2.56)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(2.56))) + (-0.471
- uo - m * (7.35) ^ (n - 1)) * (-m * (ln(7.35)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(7.35))) + (-0.471 - uo - m *
(9.76) ^ (n - 1)) * (-m * (ln(9.76)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(9.76))) + (-0.436 - uo - m * (13.89) ^ (n 1)) * (-m * (ln(13.89)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(13.89))) + (-0.409 - uo - m * (18.78) ^ (n - 1)) * (-m
* (ln(18.78)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(18.78))) + (-0.386 - uo - m * (24.65) ^ (n - 1)) * (-m *
2
(ln(24.65)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(24.65))) + (-0.362 - uo - m * (32.88) ^ (n - 1)) * (-m *
(ln(32.88)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(32.88))) + (-0.347 - uo - m * (41.38) ^ (n - 1)) * (-m *
(ln(41.38)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(41.38))) + (-0.309 - uo - m * (62.97) ^ (n - 1)) * (-m *
(ln(62.97)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(62.97))) + (-0.279 - uo - m * (84.49) ^ (n - 1)) * (-m *
(ln(84.49)) * e ^ ((n - 1) * ln(84.49))) = 0
f(uo) = (-0.406 - uo - m * (2.56) ^ (n - 1)) * (-1) + (-0.471 - uo - m * (7.35) ^ (n - 1)) * (-1) +
(-0.467 - uo - m * (9.76) ^ (n - 1)) * (-1) + (-0.436 - uo - m * (13.89) ^ (n - 1)) * (-1) + (3 0.409 - uo - m * (18.78) ^ (n - 1)) * (-1) + (-0.386 - uo - m * (24.65) ^ (n - 1)) * (-1) + (0.362 - uo - m * (32.88) ^ (n - 1)) * (-1) + (-0.347 - uo - m * (41.38) ^ (n - 1)) * (-1) + (0.309 - uo - m * (62.97) ^ (n - 1)) * (-1) + (-0.279 - uo - m * (84.49) ^ (n - 1)) * (-1) = 0
Explicit equations
1 e = 2.718282

General Settings
Total number of equations

Number of implicit equations 3

Number of explicit equations 1
Elapsed time

0.0000 sec

Solution method

SAFENEWT

Max iterations

150

Tolerance F

0.0000001

Tolerance X

0.0000001

Tolerance min

0.0000001