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Marie Parche Science 4 12/5/13 PHOTOSYNTHESIS SUMMATIVE PROJECT PROBLEM: How does doubling the amount of carbon dioxide

from .5g of bisodium carbonate dissolved in 100mL of water to 1g. dissolved in 100mL of water affect the rate of photosynthesis in elodea? HYPOTHESIS: If carbon dioxide is increased, then the rate of photosynthesis will decrease by about 30%. THEORY: Photosynthesis is the process in which plants take in carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight, and convert it into oxygen and glucose. This process helps make up a great percentage of our breathable atmosphere. Without plant life on planet Earth wouldnt exist. Trees and other plants help keep the planet cool, but rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are turning down this global air conditioner. According to a new study by researchers at the Carnegie Institution for Science, in some regions more than a quarter of the warming from increased carbon dioxide is due to its direct impact on vegetation. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100503161435.htm. This means that the level of carbon dioxide is increasing, and if there is an increased level of carbon dioxide, plants dont photosynthesize as much, increasing the level of carbon dioxide even more in itself. There will be about a 30% decrease in the rate in photosynthesis because of this. PROCEDURE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE (BAKING SODA) 1. Measure and cut at an angle elodea 7 to 9 cm. 2. Remove a few leaves from end of stem and slightly crush end of stem. 3. Measure mass in grams and record. 4. Put elodea stem side up in a test tube. 5. Fill test tube with water and baking soda solution (1 gram to 100 mL of water). 6. Put tube in rack and adjust lamp 5 cm from top of test tube. 7. Turn on lamp and wait 1 minute.

8. After 1 minute, begin counting small, medium and large bubbles for 3 minutes. Record data. 9. Repeat with .5 grams and 100mL of water. 10. Repeat for Trial 2 Trial 1 ___grams Oxygen Produced in 3 minutes with 1g and .5g baking Small x 1 CO2 1 gram .5 gram soda Notes: 16 x 1 1x1 Medium x 2 1x2 0x2 Large x 3 0x3 0x3 Total 18 1

Trial 1 and 2 _____grams Oxygen Produced in 3 minutes with .5 g baking soda Smal lx1 CO2 1 gram .5 gram 2x1 35 x 1 Medium x 2 Large x 3 Total

1x2 0x2

1x3 0x3

7 35

Notes: Average for 2 trials TRIALS 1 2 TOTAL AVERAGE/2 .5 g 1 35 36/2 18 1g 18 7 25/2 12.5

.5g CLASS PERIOD AVERAGES 1 2 3 4 6 7 TOTAL/5 AVERAGE

1g

% Oxygen Decrease/Increase

108 69 33.7 23.7 26.3 3.8 264.5/6 44.1

139 47 26.5 14.3 36.3 72.8 335.9/6 56

22.3% increase 31.9% decrease 21.4% decrease 39.7% decrease 27.5% increase 94.8% increase 21.3% increase 21.3% increase

60

Average Rate Of Photosynthesis When Carbon Dioxide Is Doubled


56

Average Rate Of Photosynthesis In Three Minutes

50 44.1 40

30 23.7 20 18 12.5 10 14.3

.5g 1g

0 Group 4th Period 7th Grade

Conclusion: In this lab we were investigating how doubling the amount of carbon dioxide from .5g of bisodium carbonate dissolved in 100mL of water to 1g. dissolved in 100mL of water affected the rate of photosynthesis in elodea. I hypothesized that if carbon dioxide is increased, then the rate of photosynthesis will decrease by about 30%. The average oxygen produced for my group was 18 bubbles when there was .5 grams of bisodium carbonate, and 12.5 bubbles when there was 1 gram of bisodium carbonate. Period 4s average oxygen produced when there was .5 grams of bisodium carbonate was 23.7 bubbles, and 14.3 bubbles when there was 1 gram of bisodium carbonate. The average oxygen produced when there was .5 grams of bisodium carbonate for 7th grade was 44.1 bubbles, and 56 bubbles when there was 1 gram of bisodium carbonate. In conclusion, from all of our average trials, my hypothesis was correct 42.9% of the time, but my percentage was slightly off. Analysis: There were definitely some discrepancies in the data, but the one that I noticed most was that the data for 7th period was a great outlier, the percentage difference between the two was 94.8%, which is higher than the other periods average percentage by 66.24%. Another outlier was period 1. Period 1 had much higher numbers than the other periods, passing them with numbers more than 100. There are many reasons that can justify why these discrepancies happened, I think that they happened because the people conducting the experiment could have changed how they were counting the oxygen bubbles. Other reasons include the amount of time the elodea had been sitting around was varied, the size and mass of the elodea was different from the others, and that the experiment was set up differently. To make this experiment more reliable I would have all elodea out for the same amount of time, have the same person set up all of the experiments, have the same person count the bubbles for each experiment, and have the elodea weigh the same and have the same mass. This way there will be more reliable data, and the results will be more consistant.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Coolidge-Stolz M.D., Elizabeth, et al. Focus On Life Science. Boston, Mass: Prentice Hall, 2008. Young, Paul. The Botany Coloring Book. Cambridge, New York: Harper and Row, 1982. "Carbon Dioxide's Effects On Plants Increase Global Warming, Study Finds."ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 04 May 2010. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. < http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100503161435.htm.>

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