Digital Fundamentals

CHAPTER 2 (CONT….)
Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra

Slide 1
2.1 Boolean Operations and Expressions

• Addition • Multiplication
0+0=0 0*0=0
0+1=1 0*1=0
1+0=1 1*0=0
1+1=1 1*1 =1

Slide 2
2.2 Laws Boolean Algebra

• Commutative Laws
• Associative Laws
• Distributive Law

Slide 3
2.2 Laws Boolean Algebra (cont… .)

• Commutative Law of Addition:

A+B=B+A

Slide 4
2.2 Laws Boolean Algebra (cont… .)

• Commutative Law of Multiplication:

A*B=B*A

Slide 5
2.2 Laws Boolean Algebra (cont… .)

• Associative Law of Addition:

A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C

Slide 6
2.2 Laws Boolean Algebra (cont… .)

• Associative Law of Multiplication:

A * (B * C) = (A * B) * C

Slide 7
2.2 Laws Boolean Algebra (cont… .)

• Distributive Law:
A(B + C) = AB + AC

Slide 8
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra

Slide 9
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)

• Rule 1

OR Truth Table
Slide 10
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)
• Rule 2

OR Truth Table
Slide 11
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)

• Rule 3

AND Truth Table

Slide 12
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)

• Rule 4

AND Truth Table

Slide 13
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)
• Rule 5

OR Truth Table
Slide 14
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)
• Rule 6

OR Truth Table
Slide 15
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)

• Rule 7

AND Truth Table

Slide 16
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)

• Rule 8

AND Truth Table

Slide 17
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)

• Rule 9

Slide 18
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)

• Rule 10: A + AB = A

Slide 19
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)

• Rule 11: A + AB = A + B

Slide 20
2.3 Rules of Boolean Algebra (cont….)
• Rule 12: (A + B)(A + C) = A + BC

Slide 21
2.4 DeMorgan’s Theorems

• Theorem 1
XY = X + Y

• Theorem 2
X + Y = XY
Remember:
“Break the bar,
change the sign”

Slide 22
2.5 Standard Forms of Boolean Expressions

• The sum-of-product (SOP) form

Example: X = AB + CD + EF

• The product of sum (POS) form

Example: X = (A + B)(C + D)(E + F)

Slide 23
2.6 The Karnaugh Map
• 3-Variable

3-Variable Karnaugh Map

Slide 24
2.6 The Karnaugh Map (cont….)
• 3-Variable

3-Variable Example

Slide 25
2.6 The Karnaugh Map (cont….)
• 4-Variable

4-Variable Karnaugh Map

Slide 26
2.6 The Karnaugh Map (cont….)
• 4-Variable

4-Variable Example
Slide 27
2.6 The Karnaugh Map (cont….)
• 5-Variable

5-Variable Karnaugh Mapping

Slide 28