Escaladema agnitudss smicaRitc cher

Nom mogramade eclculopa araelsurde eCalifornia: :

M lo og10 A(mm) 3log10 (8T ( s )) 2.9 92 5.3 La energa e libe erada se puede calcula ar como la tensin t de rotura de la l roca mul ltiplicada po or el rea de d la falla ageneradayporeldes slizamientooseparaci nrelativadelosplano osdefalla.Existenexp presionesqu uela rela acionanconlamagnitud,como: lo og Es (ergios s ) 11.8 1.5M Unsalto s deunaunidaden nlaescalasupone s unincrementodeaproxim madamente10vecesla aamplitudde d la ond dassmicaydeunas32 2veceslaen nergalibera ada.Expres sandolaesc calaeneleq quivalenteen e TNT:
Rich hter Magn nitude -1.5 5 1.0 0 1.5 5 2.0 0 2.5 5 3.0 0 3.5 5 4.0 0 4.5 5 5.0 0 5.5 5 6.0 0 6.5 5 7.0 0 7.5 5 8.0 0 8.5 5 9.0 0 10.0 0 12.0 0 TN NT for Seis smic Energy Yi ield 6 30 320 1 4.6 29 73 1,000 5,100 32,000 80,000 1 million 5 million 32 million 160 million 1 billion 5 billion 32 billion 1 trillion t 160 trillion t ou unces po ounds po ounds to on to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons to ons Exa ample (ap pproximate) ) Bre eaking a ro ock on a la ab table Lar rge Blast at a a Constr ruction Sit te Lar rge Quarry or Mine Bl last

Sma all Nuclear r Weapon Ave erage Torna ado (total energy) Lit ttle Skull Mtn., NV Quake, Q 1992 2 Dou uble Spring g Flat, NV Quake, 199 94 Nor rthridge, CA C Quake, 1994 1 Hyo ogo-Ken Nan nbu, Japan, ,1995; Larg gest Therm monuclear Weapon W Lan nders, CA Quake, Q 1992 2 San n Francisco o, CA Quake e, 1906 Anc chorage, AK K Quake, 19 964 Chi ilean Quake e, 1960 (Sa an-Andreas type fault t circling Earth) (Fa ault Earth in half th hrough cent ter, OR Earth's da aily receip pt of solar r energy)