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Elektrodynamika Testy
Elektrodynamika Testy
.., ..
.
(- )
2009.
-
.
-
,
.
. III IV
.
: .., ...., ., . .
roc.
( 2.1.1/2985 "
").
, 2008.
"".
1. q R.
S
.
:
S =
q
;
4 R 2
= (r R) =
q
(r R).
4 R 2
2. n ,
G
ni ni n j , ni - n i.
:
1
3
ni = 0, ni n j = ij .
3. ( r ) Q,
:
(r ) = ( A r ) exp( r b ).
(r ) = A (r )
A
r
exp(
),
4 b 2 r
b
Q = 0.
4. (
) r
>> a ~ b . 2q
(a,0,0), q (0,b,0),
-3q (-a,0,0).
:
q (5ax + by )
q
2a 2 + b 2 ) x 2 ( a 2 + 2b 2 ) y 2 (a 2 b 2 ) z 2 .
3
5 (
r
2r
5.
, a b +q -q ,
.
r>>b>a .
:
q (b 2 a 2 )
2
(3
Cos
=
1).
4r 5
G
6. Uint p1
G
p 2 , r .
:
JJGJJG
JJGG JJGG
U int =
p1 p2 3( p1 r )( p2 r )
.
r5
7. R ,
q
, ,
r, r>>R.
:
JG G
JG m r
A=
,
r3
JGG G
JG
JJG 3(mr )r r 2 m
H=
,
r5
JG qr 2 JG
m=
.
5c
8. F N,
p q.
G GG
G
G G
G
3qr ( pr ) qp G q[ p r ]
+ 3 ,N =
.
: F =
r5
r
r3
G
G
9. A H ,
I ,
. 2a.
I
c
: A (0,0,A), A = ln
G
H (Hx,Hy,0),
Hx =
(a + x )2 + y 2 ;
(a x )2 + y 2
A
y
,Hy =
A
.
x
10. ,
,
G
G
G
j = c rot ( (r )a ), a - , c
, ;
G
- r
. ,
G
8
(0) a .
3
11. e z
a , ( a << c/ ).
, .
.
:
dI e 2 a 2 4
=
Sin 2 ,
3
d
8 c
e 2 a 2 4
I=
,
3c 3
12. e
R .
.
:
dI e 2 R 2 4
(1 + Cos 2 ),
=
3
d
8 c
2e 2 R 2 4
I=
.
3c 3
13. p
( ) a .
, .
2 a 2 p 2 5
: , W =
.
5
15c
14.
.
5
:
Ey = -
H z = A sin (t + kx ) ,
Ez =
k=
H y = Acos(t + kx ) ,
.
c
15. v vg
,
p2
( ) = 1 + 2 2 ,
0 -
>> 0 << 0 .
:
<< 0 :
p2 2
v =
1 (0) 2 (0) 04
c
3 p2 2
1 < c,
vg =
(0) 2 (0) 04
<c,
>> 0 :
p2
>c,
v = c 1 +
2 2
p2
< c.
v g = c 1 2 2
16. , , e,
z V .
JG
:
( x 2 + y 2 )(1 2 ) + ( z Vt ) 2
JG V
A = .
c
17.
,
G G
E , H
, x V.
:
Ex = Ex ,
E y =
Ez =
H x = H x ;
Ey H z
1
Ez + H y
1
H y =
H z =
H y + Ez
1
H z Ey
1
;
.
18. E H
G
V .
:
G
G
G
G
E|| = E|| ,
H || = H || ;
G G
G G
G
G
E
H
H
G
G
E =
, H =
.
2
2
1
1
19.
G
G
E H . ,
. ? ?
:
G G
G
G G H 2 E 2 ( H 2 E 2 ) 4( E , H ) 2
V = c E H
.
G G 2
2 E H
20. m1 v1
m2 , . M V
.
:
G
V=
G
m1v1
m1 + m2 1 v / c
2
1
M 2 = m12 + m22 +
2m1m2
1 v / c
2
1
21. 0
.
.
:
=
1 02 (1 Cos )
mc
22. (
m, ) -. .
:
1
= 2mc 2 .
23. ,
, .
:
M=
2=
Sin( / 2).
c2
24. e m
G
E (E,0,0).
t = 0
G
G
p0 (0,p0,0).. - r (t )
G
v (t ) .
G
G
: v (vx (t ), v y (t ),0),
r ( x(t ), y (t ),0);
vx (t ) =
v y (t ) =
c 2 eEt
m c + c p + (ceEt )
2 4
2
0
c 2 p0
m c + c p + (ceEt )
2 4
2
0
,
;
x(t ) =
1
eE
cp0
ceEt
y (t ) =
Arsh
m2c 4 + c 2 p 2
eE
0
25. q a
R . ,
S Q,
, Uint F
.
:
r + a 2arCos
R
R2
e = e , a =
;
a
a
2
r + a 2arCos
2
q(a 2 R 2 )
S =
; Q = qR / a;
4 R(a 2 + R 2 2aRCos )3/2
q2 R
q 2 Ra
U int =
; F = 2
.
2(a 2 R 2 )
(a R 2 ) 2
26. a b
(r) ={
1 = const a r<c ,
2 = const c<r<b.
a<c<b. C ,
.
:
1 1 1 1 1 1
C = +
1 a b 2 c b
,
.. a, b, c:
a , =
q 1 1
q 2 1
q
, b , =
, c , =
2
2
4a 1
4b 2
4c 2
1
1
,
2 1
q .
0.
27. R ,
, E0 ,
. ,
.
:
F=
9 2 2
R E0 .
16
G
28. q a (0,0,a) a
z=0
1 ( z>0) 2 ( z<0).
G
F , .
:
= 1 =
( )
q
q
+ 1 2
, z > a,
1r1 1 (1 + 2 ) 2 r2
= 2 =
G G
2
q
, z < a, r1 = r a ,
1 + 2 r1
G
F (0,0,F),
29.
G G
r2 = r + a ;
q2
F= 2 1 2 .
4a 1 (1 2 )
10
.
E0 . .
:
G G
3
= 1 =
( E0 r ) (r < a ),
+2
GG
G G ( pr
) G 1 3 G
a E0 ( r > a );
= 2 = ( E0 r ) + 3 , p =
+2
r
30. ,
, C1 C2 ,
V1 V2, r
. F.
: F =
r 2 C1C 2
31. b
a,
0.
.
L .
1
2
b
a
: L = 0 + 2 ln .
32.
a a b , .
h . h >> a ~ b >> r, r .
:
33.
(r ) =
2r
e0
exp , a0 .
3
a0
a0
,
. ,
11
,
a0?
:
3
4
= a 03 .
a0, = a03 .
34.
H. ,
,
, :
G
G
eH
H =
(0),
3mc 2
(0) - ,
, e m .
35. p1 p2
R .
.
, U
. U<<kT, ,
U, , :
U (R ) =
2 p12 p 22
.
3kTR 6
.
1. .., .. " ".
. . 2002, 640 .
2. . ., . . ,
1. : . : , 2002, 736 .
12