SEMANA 1

TEORA DE EXPONENTES
ECUACIN DE 1 GRADO

1. Efectuar:
1 1
1
3 2 2
4
E 27 36 2
3



| |
= + +
|
\ .

A) 3 B) 6 C) 2
D) 1 E) 0

RESOLUCIN
1
3
1
27
3
*

=

1
2
1
36
6
*

=
1
4 3
3 4
*

| |
=
|
\ .

2
1
2
4
*

=
1 1 E = =
RPTA.: D

2. Simplificar:
( ) ( ) ( )
0,2
2 5
4
3 3
E 27 27 2 3

(
= + +
(


A)
2
3
B)
3
2
C) 2
D) 3 E) 1

RESOLUCIN
( )
2
3
2
3
1 1
* 27
9
27

= =

( )
( )
5
3
5
3
4
1 1
* 27
243
27
1
* 3
81

= =

0,2 0,2
1 1 2 27 1 6
E
9 243 81 243

+ ( (
= + =
( (


2
0,2 0,2 5
10
32 243 3
E
243 32 2

(
( | | | |
= = = (
| | (
\ . \ .
(


3
2
E =
RPTA.: B

3. Calcule:

( )
0 6
3
2
2
3
0 125
,
E ,

(
=
(



A) 8 B) 6 C) 4
D) 2 E) 5

RESOLUCIN
6 2
0 6
9 3
, = =


( )
1
2
3
3 2 2
3
1
E
8

| |
=
|
\ .



1 2
3 3
3
3 2 2 2
E 8 8 4 = = =
RPTA.: C

4. Efectuar:
0,5
1
2
1
1
4
16
0,5
1 1
0,25
625 9

| |

|
\ .

| | | |
+ +
| |
\ . \ .

A) 21 B) 22 C) 23
D) 24 E) 25

RESOLUCIN
1 1
2
4 2
4
1 1 1
625 9 4
625 9 4

| | | | | |
+ +
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
+ +

5 + 3 + 16 = 24
RPTA.: D



5. Para 2 n ; n e >
el equivalente de la expresin
n
n 3
n 5 2n 1 n n
a a a...a a a a ...a
+
| |
|
\ .
ser:

A) a B) a C) 0
D) a E)
n
a

RESOLUCIN
( ) ( )
2
2
n n
n 3 n 3
n n 1 n n 1
n
n
n n n
2 2
n 3
2
a a a a
a
+ +
+ +
+
| | | |
| |

| |
\ . \ .

n
n
n 3 +
| |
|
|
\ .
1
2
a a =
RPTA.: D

6. Efectuar:
( )
48 factores
3 3 3 3 3
1
44 factores
x x x... x x
A ; x 0
x
x x x... x

= =

A) x
6
B) x
9
C) x
4

D) x
7
E) x
7


RESOLUCIN
48
3
3
44
16
2
11
18
11
7
x x
A
x
x
x
A x
x
x
A
x
A x
=
=
=
=

RPTA.: E

7. Efectuar:
x 1
x
x 2 2x 2
20
4 2
+
+ +
+


A) 2 B) 3 C) 4
D) 5 E) 6

RESOLUCIN
x x
x x
x 2 x 1 x
x x
20 20 20 20
4 4 4 4 4 20
5 5
=
+
=

RPTA.: D


8. Si:
1 1
2 2 1 1
1 1 2 2
a b a b
P y Q
a b a b



| | | |
= =
| |
+
\ . \ .
Halle P . Q, siendo b > a > 0

A)
1
b a
B)
1
a b

C)
( )
2
a b
a b
+

D)
( )
2
a b
a b

+

E)
( )
2
1
b a


RESOLUCIN
( )
1 ab
P y Q
b a ab b a
= =


( )
( )
2
1
1
ab
PQ
b a ab b a
PQ
b a
=

=

RPTA.: E




9. Simplificar:
a b
b a a b
14 14
M
2 14 2 14
+
=
+
; si: a + b = ab

A) 14
a+b
B) 14 C) 7
D)
14
2
a b +
E) 7
a+b


RESOLUCIN
( ) ( )
a b a b
a 1 b 1 1 a b
14 14 14 14
M
2 14 14 2 14 14 14
1
M
1
7
M 7

+ +
= =
+ +
=
=
RPTA.: C

10. Si: a+b = 2ab ; {a;b}c -{0;1}
Reducir:
a
b
1 1
a a b
a
1
1
2a
b 2b
b
x y
x y

+
+


A)
x
y
B)
y
x
C)
x
y

D)
y
x
E) 1

RESOLUCIN
1 1
1 1
1 1
a b
a b
x y
x y

1
1
1
1
1
1
2 1
1 1
1
1
b
b
b
a b
b
x x
y
y
| |

|
\ .

(
| |
(
=
|
(
\ .
(



(*) a + b = 2ab
1 1
2
a b
+ =
1
2
1 1 2 1
2 2 1
a b b b
x x
y y
| |
= =
|
\ .
| |

|
\ .

RPTA.: A

11. Resolver
1
1
x
5
x
1
5
x

=
e indicar
el valor de: x
1


A)
1
5
B) 5 C)
1
5

D) 5 E)
1
5


RESOLUCIN
Cambio de variable:
1
y
x
=
y
5 y
y
5 y
1
y 5 5 y
1
y 5
y 5
y 5 y 5
y 5
x 5

=
=
= =
=
=

RPTA.: B

12. Si:
2
x
x 2

=
Calcule:
2x 1
4x
E x
+
=

A)
1
2
B)
1
4
C) 2
D) 4 E) 5

RESOLUCIN
Elevando al cuadrado el dato
m. a.m.


( )
2
x
2 2 2
1
2
x 2 x 2
1
x 2 x
2

= =
= =


Luego:
2 x
4x x
E x =

( )
( )
1
2
2 x 2
2
4x
4x
x x
1
4
4x
x 4x 2
E x x
E x x E x
| |
|
\ .
| |
=
|
\ .
= = =


E = x
2
1 1
2
2
E
| |
= =
|
\ .

RPTA.: A

13. Calcule x en:
3
21 2 x
3
x
21 2 x
x 3
21 2 x x
+
+
+ =

A) 27 B)
3
9 C)
9
3
D)
3
21 E)
3
20


RESOLUCIN
Trabajando con cada miembro.
x
x n n
x n x n x n.......( ) = = o

Luego:

3
21 2 x
3
21 n 21
3
n
3
2 x n 21
2 x n 21
2 x n 21.............( )
+
+
=
=
= |


(o) en (|):
3
3
2 21
2 21
n
n
n n
n n
=
=



Solo se verifica para: n = 27

27 3
9
x 3
x 3
=
=

RPTA.: C

14. Reducir:
5
6
4
3
5 3 4 7
1
x
x
x x x
x

A) x B)
3
4
x C)
5
4
x
D)
1
2
x E)
7
4
x

RESOLUCIN
30 60 27 51
x x

60 60 60 54 51 105
x x x

4 7
7
4
x
x

RPTA.: E

15. Si: 5
2x
= 2(10
x
) 4
x


Calcule: ( )
( )
1
4
2
2
x
x
E x

=


A) 236 B) 256 C) 512
D) 128 E) 0

RESOLUCIN
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
x x x x
2 2
x x x x
5 2 0 5 2
5 2 2 5 2 0
= =
+ =


x = 0

Reemplazando:
( )
( )
1
4
2
E 2

=


2
1
2
1 1
16 16
E E

| |
= =
|
\ .


E = 16 = 256
RPTA.: B

16. Resolver:

1 3 2 2 3 1
0
1 2 3 4 5 x x x x x x
+ + + =


A)
3
2
B)
2
5
C)
2
3

D)
5
2
E) 4,5

RESOLUCIN
( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 3 2 1 3 3
x x 1 x 3 x 5 x 1 x 4
2 2x 5 3 2x 5
2x 5
x 5x x 5x 6 x 5x 4
+ + = +

+ =
+ +

( )
2 2 2
1 2 3
2x 5 0
x 5x x 5x 6 x 5x 4


(
+ =
`
(
+ +


)
= 0

2x 5 0
5
x
2
=
=

RPTA.: D


17. Halle el conjunto de solucin de la
ecuacin en x.
( ) ( ) 0 0
a b
x a x b x ; a ; b
b a
+ + = = =

A) | B) {a} C) {b}
D) {a + b} E) {a b}

RESOLUCIN
Multiplicando por ab.
a (x a) + b (x + b) = ab x
ax a + bx + b = ab x
(a + ab + b)x = a b
(a+ab+b)x = (ab)(aab+b)
x = a b

Cs = {a b}
RPTA.: E

18. Resolver en x; {a; b; c; d} c R
+


4
d ax d bx d cx d
x
b c a c a b a b c

+ + = +
+ + + + +

A) 1 B) d
C)
d
a b c + +
D)
2 3 a b c
d
+ +

E) |

RESOLUCIN
0
d ax d bx d cx
x x x
b c a c a b
d
x
a b c

+ + +
+ + +
=
+ +


0
d ax bx cx d bx ax cx
b c a c
d cx ax bx d ax bx cx
a b a b c

+ +
+ +

+ =
+ + +


( )
1 1 1 1
0 d a b c x
b c a c a b a b c
| |
|
( + + + + + =
|
+ + + + +
|
\ .
= 0

d = (a + b + c) x

d
x
a b c
=
+ +

RPTA.: C

19. Calcule a + b sabiendo que la
ecuacin en x
1 2
2
4
ax x
x
b
+
= + admite
infinitas soluciones.



A)
1
4
B)
3
2
C)
2
3

D) 3 E) 1

RESOLUCIN
Recordando que:

ax + b = 0 tiene infinitas
soluciones, si y solo si:

a = 0 . b = 0


1 1
2 0
4 2
a x
x x
b b
+ + =

1 1 1
1 2 0
4 2
a
x
b b
| | | |
+ + =
| |
\ . \ .


1 1 1
1 2
4 2
a
b b
= + . =

5 1 3
4 2
a
b b
= . =


2 5
3 6
b a = . =
9 3
6 2
a b + = =

RPTA.: B

20. Resolver la ecuacin
2 3 5
3
3 5 2 5 2 3
x x x
+ + =
+ + +


luego indique el valor de:
( ) ( )
( )
2 4
6
3 2 5 2
3 5
x x
x
+ +



A) 22 B) 25 C) 3 2
D) 5 3 E) 7 5

RESOLUCIN
x 2 x 3
1 1
3 5 2 5
x 5
1 0
2 3

+ +
+ +

=
+


( )
1 1 1
x 2 3 5 0
3 5 2 5 2 3
(
+ + =
(
+ + +

= 0

2 3 5 x = + +

Pero nos piden:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 4 6
5 3 2
5 9 8 22
+ + =
+ + =


RPTA.: A