9.

4 International Titleholders
as of January, 1 986
Tideholder Country or
Birth/Residence Data

GENS UNA SUM US

and Date Average 1-1-86

Title

Best 5-yr Rating

Aaron, Manuel Abdel, M. Naby Abramovic, Bosko Adamski, Andrzej Adamski, Jan Addison, William Adianto, Utut Adorjan, Andras Afifi, Asim-Abdel R. Agdestein, Simen Agzamov, Georgy Ahues, Carl 0 . Akesson, Ralf Alatorsev, Vladimir Alburt, Lev Alexander, C.H. O . Alzate, Dario Ambroz, Jan Amos, Bruce Anand, Viswanathan Andersen, Borge Anderson, Frank R. Andersson, Ulf Andres Mendez, Mig. Andrijevic, Milan Andruet, Gilles Angantysson, Haukur Anikaev, Yury Antonov, Vladimir Antoshin, Vladimir
Notes:

India Egypt Yugoslavia Poland Poland United States Indonesia Hungary Egypt Norway Soviet Union West Germany Sweden Soviet Union Soviet Union/USA Ireland/England Colombia Czechoslovakia Canada India Denmark Canada/USA Sweden Cuba Yugoslavia France Iceland Soviet Union Bulgaria Soviet Union

1935195119391943193319651950196519541883-1968 1961190919451909-1974 195519541946196919341928-1980 19511952195919581948194819491929-

IM-61 IM-85 GM-84 IM-80 IM-76 2470

2375 2295 2490 2370 2380

IM-67 2475 IM-85 2400 GM-73 2555 IM-85 2350 2535 GM-85 GM-84 2545 IM-50 2490 2420 IM-81 IM-50 2480 2515 GM-77 IM-50 2475 IM-84 2365 IM-80 2460 IM-69 2390 2355 2405 IM-85 IM-64 2400 IM-55 2450 GM-72 2585 IM-84 2400 IM-82 2370 IM-82 IM-81 IM-75 IM-80 GM-63 2550 2410 2305 2460 2375 2310

A best five-year average rating is not shown where data are insufficient, or where it is lowe1 In transliterating Slavic (Cyrillic) names and on the rendering of foreign names in Englis

than the 1 - 1 -86 rating. generally, common usage in English-language chess periodicals has been the guiding principle.

1 84

Antunac, Goran Antunes, Antonio Arapovic, Vitomir Ardij ansjah , H. Arkell, Keith C. Arkhipov , Sergey Armas, Jorge Amason, Jon L. Aronin , Lev S . Asztalos, Lajos Atanasov , Petko Atkins , Henry E . Augustin , Josef Averbakh , Yury L. Averkin, Orest N. Azmaiparashvili , Zurab Babula, Milan Bachtiar, Arovah Bagirov , Vladimir K. Balanel , Ion Balashov, Yury S . Balinas , Rosendo C . Banas , Jan Bany, Jerzy Barbulescu , Dan Cata. Barcza , Gedeon Barczay , Laszlo Barda, Olaf Barendregt , Johan Barle, Janez Barlov , Dragan Barreras , Alberto Barua , Dibyendu Basman , Michael Bass, Leonid Becker , Albert Bednarski , Boguslaw Beil , Zdenek Beliavsky, Alexander Belkadi , Ridha

Yugoslavia Portugal Yugoslavia Indonesia England Soviet Union Cuba Iceland Soviet Union Hungary Bulgaria England Czechoslovakia Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet Union Czechoslovakia Indonesia Soviet Union Romania Soviet Union Philippines Czechoslovakia Poland Romania Hungary Hungary Norway Holland Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Cuba India England Soviet Union/USA Austria/Argentina Poland Czechoslovakia Soviet Union Tunisia

194519621951195 1 19611954195919601920-1982 1889-1956

IM-75 IM-85 IM-79 IM-69 IM-85 IM-85 IM-79 IM-79 IM-50 IM-50

2400 2455 2405 2430 2375 2545 2345 2500 2520 2480 2375 2540 2415 2615 2385 2465 2465 2465 2365 2345 2485 25 15 2380 2395 2390 2450 2365

1948IM-83 1872-1955 IM-50 1942IM-76 1922GM-52 1944IM-76 1960195019341936192619491941194719611964191119361909-1971 1924-1982 19521957195 1 1966194619571896-1984 1939195319531925IM-84 IM-83 IM-77 GM-78 IM-54 GM-73 GM-76 IM-79 IM-83 IM-84 GM-54 GM-67 IM-52 IM-62 IM-76 IM-82 IM-81 IM-84 IM-80 IM-82 IM-53 IM-64 IM-85 GM-75 IM-74

2360 2530 2420 2420

2550 2480 2420 2390

2425 2495 2335 2395 2395 2460 2490 2400 2345 2380 2625 2330

2350

1 85

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Tldeholder Country or Birth/Residence Dates Tide Best 5-yr Rating and Date Average 1-1-86

Bellin, Robert C. Bellon, Juan M. Bely, Miklos Benhadi, Madani Beni, Alfred Benj amin, Joel L. Benko, Pal Berg, Klaus Berger, Bela Bernat, Miguel Bernstein, Osip Bertok, Mario Bhend, Edwin Bielczyk, Jacek Bielicki, Carlos Bikhovsky, Anatoly Bilek, Istvan Binham, Timothy Biriescu, Ion Birnboim, Nathan Bischoff, Klaus Bisguier, Arthur Biyiasas, Peter Bj arnason , Saevar Bjelaj ac, Milan Blau, Max Bleiman, Ya'acov Blocker, Calvin B . Bobotsov , Milko G. Boey, Josef

England Spain Hungary Algeria Austria United States Hungary/USA Denmark Hungary/Australia Argentina Russia/France Yugoslavia Switzerland Poland Argentina Soviet Union Hungary Finland Romania Israel West Germany United States Greece/USA Iceland Yugoslavia West Ger./Switz. S. U ./Israel United States Bulgaria Belgium

195219501913-1970 19581923196419281960193119571882-1962 192919311953194019341932195619531950196119291950195419481918-1984 194719551931193419311889-1952 1892-1984 19501941-

2380 IM-77 2430 GM-79 IM-56 2470 2200 IM-82 IM-51 2380 2220 2555 IM-80 GM-58 2570 2460 2375 IM-83 IM-63 2390 2380 IM-78 GM-50 IM-57 IM-60 IM-79 IM-59 2590 2460 2395 2400 2365 2390 2350 2245

IM-82 2450 2445 GM-62 2500 2410 2370 IM-83 2320 IM-79 2430 IM-78 2475 IM-82 GM-57 2500 2430 2445 GM-80 2395 IM-85 IM-82 2330 IM-53 2430 IM-71 2430 2380 IM-81 GM-61 2500 IM-73 2420 2390 IM-63 2430 2360 GM-51 2610 IM-54 2500 2385 IM-75 2365 IM-78

Yugoslavia Bogdanovic, Rajko Bogoljubow, Ewfim D. S.U./Germany Russia/Canada Bohatirchuk, Fedor Bohm, Hans Holland Bulgaria Bohosian, Sarkis

1 86

Bolbochan , Jacobo Bolbochan , Julio Boleslavsky, Isaak Bondarevsky, Igor Bonin, Jay R . Bonsch , Uwe Book, Eero Borik , Otokar Borkowski , Franciszek Botterill , George S . Botvinnik , Mikhail Bouaziz , Slim Boudy, Julio Bouwmeester, Hans Braga, Fernando Brinckmann , Alfred Bronstein , David Brosntein , Luis M. Browne , Walter S . Bueno Perez, Lazaro Bukal , Vladimir Bukic, Enver Buljovcic, Ivan Burger, Karl Butnoris, Algimantas Bykova , Jelseveta Byrne , Donald Byrne , Robert E. Cabrillo , Goran Calvo Minguez, R. Camara , Helder Campora, Daniel H. Campos Lopez, Mario Campos Moreno , J . Canal , Esteban Capelan , Gunter Cardoso , Rudolfo Tan Carls, Carl J . M . Casper, Thomas Castaldi , Vincenzo

Argentina Argentina Soviet Union Soviet Union United States East Germany Finland CSSR/W est Ger. Poland England/Wales Soviet Union Tunisia Cuba Holland Argentina West Germany Soviet Union Argentina Australia/USA Cuba Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Yugoslavia United States Soviet Union Soviet Union United States United States Yugoslavia Spain Brasil Argentina Mexico Chile Peru/Italy West Germany Philippines West Germany East Germany Italy

1906-1984 19201919-1977 1913-1979 19551958191019471957194919111950195 1 192919581891-1967 19241946194919561939193719361933194619131930-1976 192819581943-

IM-65 GM-77 GM-50 GM-50 IM-85 IM-77 GM-84 IM-82 IM-80 IM-78 GM-50 IM-75 IM-75 IM-54 IM-83 IM-53 GM-50 IM-78 GM-70 IM-81 IM-77 GM-76 IM-74 IM-80 IM-83 IM-53 IM-62 GM-64 IM-80 IM-73

2430 2545 2650 2570 2385 2475 2500 2365 2380 2395 2720 2380 2325 2410 2470 2435 2400 25 10 2290 2465 2465 2390 2290 2410

2440 2470 2670

2490 2440 2350

2500 2570

2505 2445 2410 2320 2530 2305 2405

IM-72 19371957IM-82 1943IM-75 1959IM-79 1896-1981 GM-77 193219371 880-1958 19601916-1970 IM-68 IM-57 IM-5 1 IM-84 IM-50

2350 2370 2500 2430 2350 2450

2430 2450

1 87

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Tideholder Country or Birth/Residence Dates

Best 5-yr Rating Title and Date Average 1-1-86

Castro Rojas, Oscar Cebalo, Miso Chandler, Murray G. Chekhov, Valery A. Chekhover, Vitaly A. Cherepkov, Alex. V. Chemikov, Oleg L. Chemin, Alexander M. Chevaldonnet, Francois Chiburdanidze, Maya

Colombia Yugoslavia N. Zealand/Engl. Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet Union France Soviet Union

19531945196019551908-1965 192019361960195019611956192219571932-1983 193519291951196519671954191519511959195419401940191619621961194619611910-1984 191019271961-

IM-75 GM-85 GM-83 GM-84 IM-50 2520 IM-84 IM-85 GM-85 IM-83 GM-84

2415 2515 2535 2495 2415 2460 2570 2290 2455

Christiansen, Larry United States Christoffel, Martin Switzerland Cifuentes Parada, Robe. Chile Ciocaltea, Victor Romania Ciric, Dragoljub Yugoslavia Cobo Arteaga, Eldis Commons, Kim S. Condie, Mark Conquest, Stuart Cooper, John C. Cortlever, Nicolaas Coudari, Camille Cramling, Dan Csema, Laszlo Csom, Istvan Cuartas, Carlos Cuellar Gacharna, M. Cuipers, Frans A. Cummings, David H. Cvetkovic, Srdan Cvitan, Ognjen Czerniak, Moshe Dake, Arthur W. Damjanovic, Mato Damljanovic, Branko Cuba United States Scotland England Wales Holland Syria/Canada Sweden Hungary Hungary Colombia Colombia Holland England Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Poland/Israel United States Yugoslavia Yugoslavia

2555 GM-77 IM-52 2320 2205 2450 IM-84 GM-79 2470 GM-65 2530 2400 IM-67 2430 2445 IM-76 2425 IM-84 2400 IM-85 IM-84 2395 IM-50 2460 2315 IM-79 2420 IM-82 2390 IM-82 GM-73 2530 2505 IM-75 2420 2355 IM-57 2470 2280 2425 IM-84 2415 IM-84 236(] IM-80 2465 IM-82 IM-52 2460 IM-4 2470 GM-64 2470 231( 242( IM-82

1 88

Danailov, Silvio Danner, Georg Darga, Klaus V. Davies, Nigel R. Day, Lawrence A. Debarnot, Roberto De Firmian, Nicholas De Greiff, Boris De Guzman, Ricardo Dely, Peter Denker, Arnold S. Despotovic, Momcilo Deze, Anton Diaz, Joaquin C. Didishko, Viacheslav Diesen, Mark Diez del Corral, J. Dizdar, Goran Dizdarevic, Emir Dlugy, Maxim Dobosz, Henryk Dobrovolski, Ladislav Doda, Zbigniew Dolmatov, Sergey V. Donaldson, John Donchev, Dimitar I. Donnely, B. Donner, Jan H. Dorfman, losif D . Drasko, Milan Drimer, Dolfi Dubinin, Peter V. Diickstein, Andreas Dueball, Jurgen E. Dumpor, Atif Dunkelblum, Arthur Dur, Arne Durao, Joaquim Duras, Oldrich Durasevic, Bozidar

Bulgaria 1961Austria 1946East Gennany/FRG 1934 England 1960Canada 1949Argentina United States Colombia Philippines Hungary United States Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Cuba Soviet Union United States Spain Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Soviet Union/USA Poland Poland /CSSR Poland Soviet Union United States Bulgaria Zimbabwe Holland Soviet Union Yugoslavia Romania Soviet Union Hungary/Austria West Germany Yugoslavia Poland/Belgium Austria Portugal Bohemia/CSSR Yugoslavia 19571957193019611934191419481940194819491957193319581958196619531950193119591958195819271952196219341909-1983 1927194319581906-1979 195919381882-1957 1933-

IM-84 2425 IM-80 2385 GM-64 2540 2470 IM-82 2410 IM-72 2365 IM-77 2375 GM-85 2520 IM-57 2380 IM-82 2385 IM-62 2470 GM-81 2470 IM-82 IM-76 IM-75 IM-82 IM-77 GM-74 2490 IM-80 IM-82 IM-82 2285 2350 2425 2365 2485 2410 2420 2465 2465 2545

IM-78 2385 IM-82 2400 IM-64 2420 2350 2515 GM-82 2420 IM-83 IM-80 2440 IM-82 2205 GM-59 2500 2420 GM-78 2520 IM-84 2460 IM-61 2400 IM-50 2450 IM-56 2450 2350 IM-73 2445 2285 IM-84 IM-57 IM-82 IM-75 GM-50 IM-57 2400 2380 2350 2220 2580 2485

1 89

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Titleholder Country of Birth/Residence Dates Title Best 5-yr and Date Average

Durie, Stefan Dus-Chotimirsky, F. Dvoirys, Semyon Dvoretsky, Mark I. Dzhindzhikhasvili, R.

Yugoslavia Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet Union/USA

19551879-1965 1958194719441962195619061956191319381907-1980 19611943195919431905-1968 19381949196019521949194719231901-1981

GM-82 IM-50 2440 IM-83 IM-75 GM-77 IM-82 IM-84 IM-50 2470 IM-82 GM-52 2560 IM-78 IM-50 2430 IM-84 IM-73 IM-84 IM-81 IM-50 2430 IM-84 GM-77 IM-84 IM-77 GM-83 IM-72 IM-75 2450 GM-50 2650 IM-80 GM-57 2560 IM-51 2440 GM-76 IM-59 2440 IM-53 2380 IM-82 IM-78 IM-85 IM-78

Soviet Union Ehlvest, Jaan Eingorn, Vyacheslav S. Soviet Union Ekstrom , Folke Sweden Ekstrom, Roland Sweden Austria/Argentina Eliskases, Erich G. Emma, Jaime J. Enevoldsen, Jens Eng, Holger Enklaar, Bertus F. Eolian, Levon Eperjesi, Laszlo Erdelyi, Stefan Erdeus , Gheorghe A. Ermenkov, Evgeny P. Ernst, Thomas Eslon, Jaan Espig, Lutz Estevez Morales, G. Estrin, Yakov B . Euwe, Machgielis Evans, Larry D . Evans, Larry M. Fairhurst, William A. Farago , Ivan Farre Mallofre, M. Argentina Denmark West Germany Holland Soviet Union Hungary Hungary/Romania Romania Bulgaria Sweden Sweden East Germany Cuba Soviet Union Holland

United States 1952United States 1932England/N. Zealand 1903-1982 1946Hungary 1936Spain 1898-1967 195119581962-

Hungary/England Fazekas, Stefan Denmark Fedder, Stean United States Fedorewicz, John P. Fernandes, Antonio M. Portugal Venezuela Fernandez, Antonio

1 90

Fernandez, Ciro A. Fernandez Garcia, J. Fernandez, Juan C. Fichtl, Jiri Filguth , Rubens A. Filip, Miroslav Filipovic, Branko Filipowicz, Andrzej Fine, Reuben Fischer, Robert J. Flear, Glenn C. Flesch , Janos Flohr, Salo M. Florian, Tibor Foguelman, Alberto Foisor, Ovidiu Foltys, Jan Forgacs, Gyula Forintos, Gyozo Formanek, Edward W. Fraguela Gil, J.M. Franco, Zenon Franzen, Josef Frey, Kenneth Frias Apablaza, V .J. Fries-Nielsen, Jens 0 . Frydman, Paulino Ftacnik, Lubomir Fuchs, Reinhart Fuderer, Andreas Furman, Semyon A. Fuster, Geza Gaprindashvili, Nona Garbarino, Rodolfo Garcia, Gildardo Garcia, Raimundo Garcia Gonzales, G. Garcia Martinez, S. Garcia Padron, Jose Garcia Palermo, C.

Cuba Spain Cuba Czechoslovakia Brasil Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Poland United States United States England Hungary Poland/S . U. Hungary Argentina Romania Czechoslovakia Hungary Hungary United States Spain Paraguay Czechoslovakia France/Mexico Chile Denmark Poland/Argentina Czechoslovakia Ger./East Germany Yugoslavia/Switz. Soviet Union Hungary/Canada Soviet Union Argentina Colombia Argentina Cuba Cuba Spain Argentina

194719541951192219561928195719381914194319591933-1983 1908-1983 1919192319591908-1952 1958193519421953195619461950195619601905-1982 1957193419311920-1978 191019411963195419361953194419581953-

IM-75 2275 IM-80 2455 IM-75 2390 IM-59 2450 2250 IM-83 2405 GM-55 IM-84 IM-75 GM-50 GM-58 IM-83 GM-80 GM-50 IM-50 IM-63 2560 2485 2430 2390 2370 2660 2740 2485 2460 2620 2430 2400 2320

IM-82 2420 IM-50 2530 IM-84 2335 GM-74 2480 2395 IM-77 2400 2350 IM-77 IM-82 IM-84 IM-75 IM-82 2295 2460 2380 2390 2440

IM-84 2385 IM-55 2500 2515 GM-80 IM-62 2460 IM-52 2540 GM-66 2610 IM-69 2370 GM-80 2420 2330 IM-82 2250 IM-79 2400 IM-64 2450 2410 GM-76 2495 GM-75 2455 IM-81 2375 GM-85 2550

191

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Tldeholder Country of Birth/Residence Dates

Title Best 5-yr Rating and Date Avenge 1-1-86

Gavrikov, Viktor Gazik, Igor Geller, Efim P. Georgadze, Tamaz V. Georgiev, Kiril Georgiev, Krum I . Gereben, Emo German, Eugenio M. Gerusel, Mathias Gesos, Pavlas Gheorghiu, Florin Ghinda, Mihail Ghitescu, Teodor Ghizdavu, Dumitru Giam, Choo Kwee Giffard, Nicolas Gilg, Karl Ginsburg, Mark Gipslis, Aivars Giustolisi, Alberto Gligoric, Svetozar Gliksman, Darko Gobet, Femand Goglidze , Victor A. Golombek, Harry Gomez, Mario Gonzales, Jorge A. Goodman, David S. Govedarica, Radovan Grabczewski, Romuald Granda Zuniga, Julio Greenfeld, Alon Grefe , John A. Grigorian, Katen A. Grigoriou, Miltiadis

Soviet Union Czechoslovakia Soviet Union Soviet Union Bulgaria Bulgaria Hungary/Switz. Brasil Poland/Germany Greece Romania Romania Romania Romania/USA Singapore France Austria Belgium/USA Latvia/S .U. Italy Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Switzerland Soviet Union England Spain Colombia England Yugoslavia Poland Peru USNlsrael United States Soviet Union Greece

19571960192519471965195819071930193819451944194919341949194219501901-1981 1959193719271923193719621905-1964 19111958195319581948193219671964194719471935-

GM-84 2550 IM-85 2415 GM-52 2655 2525 GM-77 2505 GM-85 2545 IM-77 2460 IM-50 2460 2245 IM-52 2410 IM-68 2420 2390 IM-80 2395 GM-65 IM-77 IM-61 IM-72 IM-76 2540 2525 2430 2450 2440 2430 2320 2260

IM-80 2385 IM-53 2470 IM-81 2405 GM-67 2580 2495 IM-62 2330 GM-51 IM-70 IM-85 IM-50 GM-85 2620 2515 2390 2290 2360 2430 2450

2405 IM-84 IM-77 2370 2275 2410 IM-82 IM-80 2405 IM-72 2400 2300 IM-84 IM-83 IM-75 IM-82 IM-75 2240 2420 2505 2420 2405

1 92


Grigorov , lordan N . Grivas , Efstratios Grob , Henry Gross, Stefan Groszpeter, Attila Gruchacz, Robert S . Gruenfeld , Yehuda Grunberg, Hans U . Grunberg, Sergiu H . Griinfeld , Ernst Gufeld , Eduard E. Guimard, Carlos E. Gulbrandsen , Ame V. Gulko , Boris F. Gunawan, Ronny Gurevich , Dmitri Gurevich, Mikhail Gurgenidze , Bukhuti Gutierrez, Jose A. Gutman, Lev Haag, Ervin Haik, Aldo Hamann, Svend Handoko , Edhi Hansen, Curt Harandi , Khosrow Hartoch , Robert G . Hartston , Willi am R. Hase , Juan C. Hausner, Ivan Hawelko , Marek Hazai, Laszlo Hebden, Mark Hebert, Jean Hecht, Hans J . Bulgaria Greece Austria/Switz. Czechoslovakia Hungary United States Poland/Israel East Germany Romania Austria Soviet Union Argentina Norway East Germany/S.U. Indonesia Soviet Union/USA Soviet Union Soviet Union Colombia Latvia/S . U . Hungary Tunisia/France Denmark Indonesia Denmark Iran Holland England Argentina Czechoslovakia Poland Hungary England Canada Ger./West Ger.

195319661904-1974 1949196019531956195619471893-1962 193619131943194719601956195919331943194519331952194019601964195019471947194819521959195319581957193919051969195719561925

IM-79 IM-84 IM-50 IM-80 IM-79 IM-80 GM-80 IM-81 IM-85 GM-50 GM-67 GM-60 IM-81 GM-76 IM-84 GM-83 IM-85 GM-70 IM-72 IM-80 IM-61 IM-77 IM-65 IM-83 GM-85 IM-75 IM-71 IM-73 IM-82 IM-79 IM-84 IM-77 IM-82 IM-78 GM-73 IM-53 IM-85 IM-79 GM-82 IM-62

2410 2395

2440
2410 2470 2335 2535 2460 2410 2550 2530 2480

2480 2385 2320 2505 2440

2475 25 10 2455

2530

2340 2445

2470 2475 2475 2385 2440 25 10 2415 2365 2435 2375

2470

2400

2400

2440 247(]

2490 2480

2455

2445 2400

Brasil/Germany Heinicke , Herbert T. Sweden Hellers , Ferdinand Norway Helmers, .Knut J . Henley, Ronald W. United States Henneberke , Franciscus "Holland

2335 2435 2455 2505

2420

1 93

t.4 lnternatlonal Titleholders (continued)

'ltlebolder Iennings , Arthur Iemandez, Jose de Jes. lemandez , Fierro R. Iemandez, Roman Iertneck, Gerald less , Ralf Ij artarson , Johann Ijorth , Gregory Imadi , Slaheddine Iodgson , Julian Ioelzl , Franz Ioi , Carsten lonfi , Karoly Iorowitz, Israel A . fort , Vlastimil Iorvath , Jozsef Iorvath , Tamas Iowell , James C. Iresc, Vladimir ltibner, Robert Iuerta Soria, Ramon lug, Werner Iulak, Krunoslav lie, Zoran lijin, Neboisa livitsky, Georgy A . ndj ic, Dusan nkiov , Vencislav onescu , Constantin skov , Gert vanov , Igor V. vanov , Spiridon vanovic, Bozidar vkov , Borislav zeta, Felix Country of Blrtb/lleslclence Dates 1940195119491943196319631963East Germany Cuba Colombia Cuba West Germany Luxembourg/FRO Iceland Australia Tunisia England Austria Denmark Hungary United States Czechoslovakia Hungary Hungary England Yugoslavia West Germany Cuba Switzerland Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Romania Soviet Union Yugoslavia Bulgaria Romania Denmark S . U./Canada Bulgaria Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Spain

Title Best 5-yr Rating IUld Date Avenge 1-1-86

IM-65 IM-77 IM-83 GM-78 IM-85 IM-80 GM-85 IM-84 IM-82 IM-83

2450

2375 2325 2215 2450 2445 2345 2505 2405 2240 2480 2370 2405 2405 2545 2475 2395 2395 2410 2625 2355 2455 2505 2385 2215

IM-85 1946IM-79 1957IM-62 19301907-1973 IM-50 GM-65 19441964195119671951194819521951195519421921196019561958194819471946194619331961IM-84 IM-82 IM-85 IM-85 GM-71 IM-84 IM-7 1 GM-76 IM-80 IM-80 IM-55 IM-84 GM-82 IM-83 IM-79 IM-81 IM-82 GM-n GM-55 IM-85

2480 25 10

195 1

2490

2350 2465 2465 2325 2485 2375 2490 2525

2570

2400

1 94

Jakobsen , Ole Jamieson , Robert M . Janosevic, Dragoljub Jansa , Vlastimil Jasnikowski , Zbigniew Jelen , Istok Jimenez Zerquera , E . Johannessen, Svein Johannsson , Ingi R. Johansen , Darryl K . John er, Hans Joksic, Sinisa Kaabi, M . Kagan , Shimon Kaila , Osmo Kaiszauri , Konstanty Kaldor, Avram Kallai , Gabor Kan , Ilia A . Kaplan , Julio Kaposztas, Miklos Karaklaj ic, Nikola Karasev, Vladimir I . Karlsson , Lars K . Karner , Hillar Karolyi , Tibor Karpov, Anatoly E . Karsa , Laszlo Kashdan , Isaac Kasparian , Genrikh M. Kasparov, Garri K. Katetov, Miroslav Kaufman , Lawrence C. Kavalek, Lubomir Keene, Raymond D . Kelecevic, Nedelj ko Keller, Dieter Keller, Rudolf Kengis, Edvins Keres , Paul

Denmark Australia Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Poland Yugoslavia Cuba Norway Iceland Australia Switzerland Yugoslavia Tunisia Israel Finland S . U./Sweden Israel Hungary Soviet Union Argentina/USA Hungary Yugoslavia Soviet Union Sweden Estonia/S . U . Hungary Soviet Union Hungary United States Soviet Union Soviet Union Czechoslovakia United States Czechoslov ./USA England

19421952192b19421955194719281937193619591889-1975 1940194219 161952194719591909-1978 195019391926193819551935-

IM-73 IM-75 GM-65 GM-74 IM-80 IM-80 IM-63 IM-61 IM-63 IM-82 IM-50 IM-80 IM-82 IM-69 IM-52 IM-77 IM-75 IM-82 IM-50 IM-67 IM-82 IM-55 IM-76 GM-82 IM-80

2470 2500

2385 2455 2365 2485 2405 2430

2420 2415 2450 2430

2410 2440 2330 2300 2415 2335 2375

2440

25 10

2400
2475 2355 2395 2350 2520 2390 2410 2700 2410

2490 2470 2450

IM-83 1961GM-70 195 1 IM-82 19551905-1985 GM-54 IM-50 19 1019631918194719431948GM-80 IM-5 1 IM-80 GM-65 GM-76

2570 2430

2720

2440

2430 2560 2455 2330 2420 2475

Yugoslavia Switzerland Ger./East Ger . Latvia/S . U . Estonia/S . U .

IM-77 1947IM-61 1936IM-50 1917IM-82 19591916-1975 GM-50

2420 2420 2670

1 95

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Tidebolder Kestler, Hans G. Kharitonov , Andrey V. Khasin , Abram D . Kholmov , Ratmir D . Kieninger, GeorgKindermann , Stefan King, Daniel J . Kirov Avanov , Nino Klaric, Zlatko Klinger, Josef Klovans , Janis Kluger, Gyula Kmoch, Hans Knak , Rainer F.A. Knezevic, Milorad Country of Birth/Residence Dates Title Best yr Rathq md Date Avenge 1-1-86 2440 2450 2620 2490 2390 2460 2390 2440 2495 2435 2485 2410 2445 2490 2460 2475 25 10 2440 2445 2495 2340 2460 2450 2405 2440 2520 2415 2670 2635 2410 2405 2305 2420 2250 25 10 2425 West Germany Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet Union West Germany 1939IM-76 1959IM-80 1923IM-64 1925GM-60 1902-1975 IM-50 IM-80 IM-82 GM-75 GM-82 IM-85 IM-76 IM-54 IM-50 GM-75 GM-76 IM-50 GM-77 IM-82 IM-84 IM-57 IM-50 IM-84 IM-51 GM-83 IM-85 GM-56 IM-79 IM-84 GM-50 IM-68

Austria/ West Ger . 1959- England 1963Bulgaria 1945Yugoslavia 1956Austria 1967Latvia/S . U . Hungary Austria/USA East Germany Yugoslavia 193519141894-1973 1953193618991956194019561934190319441901191019541931194019581887-1963 1937-

Koch, Berthold Ger./East Ger. Kochiev, Alexander V. Soviet Union Kogan, Boris M. Soviet Union/USA Koj der, Konrad Poland Kolarov , Atanas S . Bulgaria Koltanowski, George Komlj enovic, Davorin Konig, Imre Konstantinopolsky , A. Kopec, Danny Korchnoi, Viktor L. Kosanski , Stanko Kosten , Anthony C. Kostic, Boris Kostro , Jerzy Kotov, Alexander A. Kottnauer, Cenek Kouatly, Bachar Kovacevic, Vladimir Kovacs, Laszlo M. Belgium/USA Yugoslavia Hungary/USA Soviet Union Canada Soviet Union/Switz. Yugoslavia England Yugoslavia Poland Soviet Union Bohemia/England Syria/France Yugoslavia Hungary

2400

2520 2420 2620 2450

1913-1981 GM-50 IM-50 1910IM-75 1958GM-76 1942IM-65 1938-

2420

2445 2500 2330

1 96

Kozlov , Vladimir N. Kozma, Julius Kozomara, Vladimir Kraidman , Yair Kramer, Haj e Kristiansen, Jens Krnic, Zdenko Krogius , Nikolay V. Kruszynski , Wlodzi. Ksieski , Zbigniew Kudrin , Sergey Kuijf, Marinas Kuijpers , Franciscus Kuligowski , Adam Kupper , Josef Kupreichik , Viktor D . Kuprej anov, George Kurajica , Boj an Kurtenkov, Atanas Kuzmin , Gennady P. Lalic, Bogdan Lane, Alois Langeweg , Kristiaan Larsen, Bent Lasker, Edward Lau , Ralf Lawton, Geoffrey W. Lazic, Miroljub Lebredo , Gerardo Lechtynsky , Jiri Lederman, Leon Lehmann , Heinz G. Lein, Anatoly Y. Lengyel , Bela Lengyel, Levente Leow , Leslie Lerner, Konstantin Letelier, Martner R. Levenfish, Grigory Levitt, Jonathan

Soviet Union Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Israel Holland Denmark Yugoslavia Soviet Union Poland Poland Soviet Union/USA Holland Holland Poland Switzerland

1950IM-80 1929-1975 IM-57 1922-1975 IM-64 1932GM-76 1917IM-54 1952194719301951195419591960194119551932IM-79 IM-76 GM-64 IM-82 IM-85 GM-84 IM-83 IM-64 GM-80 IM-55 GM-80 IM-72 GM-74 IM-85 GM-73

2390 2410 2390 2460 2410 2430 2560

2445 2395 2390 2360 2385

2460 2420 2405 2390

2380 2490 2370 2500 2455 2495 2450 2385

1949Soviet Union Yugoslavia/Canada 1936Yugoslavia 1947Bulgaria 1963Soviet Union 1946Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Holland Denmark Poland/USA East Germany England Yugoslavia Cuba Czechoslovakia

IM-85 1948IM-77 1937IM-62 1935GM-56 1885-1981 IM-53 19591960196619501947IM-82 IM-84 IM-85 IM-77 GM-82 IM-76 IM-61 GM-68 IM-85 GM-64

2470

2640

2450

2400
2575

2465 2365 2380 2390 2445 2450 2540 2480 2405 2275 2535 2390 2385 2440 2530 2225 2395

Soviet Union/lsrael 19471921Ger./West Ger. Soviet Union/USA 1931Hungary 19491933Hungary Singapore Soviet Union Chile Poland/S . U . England

1956IM-83 1950IM-77 1915IM-60 1889-1961 GM-50 1963IM-84

2410 2540

1 97

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Tideholder Levy, David N . Li, Zunian Liang , Jimrong Liberzon , Vladimir Liebert , Heinz Liew , Jim . Chee Meng Ligterink , Henrik G . Lilienthal, Andor Liptay, Laszlo Lisitsin , Georgy M . Littlewood , Paul E . Liu, Wenze Ljubisavlj evic, Zivojin Lj uboj evic, Ljubomir Lobron, Eric Lokvenc, Josef Lombard , Andre Lombardy , William J . Lputian , Smbat G . Luczak ,Andrzej Lukacs , Peter Lukin , Andrey M . Lukov , Valentin Lundin , Erik R. Lutikov, Anatoly S .
Country of Birth/Residence

Dates 1945195819601937193619581949191119371909-

Title Best 5-yr Rating and Date Average 1-1-86 IM-69 IM-83 IM-80 GM-65 IM-66 IM-84 IM-77 GM-50 IM-83 IM-50 IM-81 IM-80 IM-84 GM-71 GM-82 IM-5 1 IM-76 GM-60 G M-84 IM-77 IM-76 IM-82 IM-77 GM-83 GM-74 2460 2540 23 10 2450 2425 2450 2405 2385 2470 2395 2445 2405 2340 2605 2485 2395 2470 2545 2370 2460 2445 2410 2330 2365 2445 2495 2425 2495 2430 2330 2340 2435

England P . R . China P . R . China S . U ./Israel East Germany Malaysia Holland S . U ./Hungary Hungary Soviet Union

2550 2470

2570 2520

England 1956P . R . China 1940Yugoslavia 1941Yugoslavia 1950USA/West Gennany 1960Austria Austria/Switz. United States Soviet Union Poland Hungary Soviet Union Bulgaria Sweden Soviet Union 1899- 1974 195019371958194819501948195519041933-

2530 2550 2460 2530

Magerramov , Elmar S . Soviet Union Makarczyk , Kazimierz Poland Makarichev , Sergey Y. Soviet Union Makogonov, Vladimir A. Soviet Union Makropoulos, Georgios Greece Malanj uk , Vladimir P. Malich , Burkhard Maninang , Rafael Manouck , Thierry Marangunic, Srdan Soviet Union Poland/East Ger. Philippines France Yugoslavia

1953IM-81 1901-1972 IM-50 1953GM-76 IM-50 19041953IM-79 19571936195019571943IM-84 GM-75 IM-81 IM-84 IM-71

25 15

198

Marasescu , loan Marie, Rudolf Mariotti, Sergio Marj anovic, Slavoljub Maroczy , Geza Marovic, Drazen Martin , Andrew D . Martin Gonzales , Angel Martinovic , Slobodan Martz , William

Romania Yugoslavia Italy Yugoslavia Hungary Yugoslavia England Spain Yugo s lavia United States Philippines Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Domi nican Rep United States Yugoslavia United States Scotland Brasil Spain
Latvia/USA Cze ch o slov akia Hungary Bulgaria Italy

1958IM-84 1927IM-64 GM-74 19461955GM-78 1870- 1951 GM-50 19381957195319451945-1983 1953193619301958195119351960196119521919193719501941194919571940195719441952193819631905-1977 1865-1954 1933191019541955192919251963GM-75 IM-84 IM-81 GM-79 IM-75 IM-78 IM-69 GM-55 IM-82 IM-76 GM-65 IM-82 IM-84 GM-72 IM-50 GM-80 IM-77 IM-84 IM-79 IM-85 IM-72 GM-82 IM-66 IM-80 IM-66 IM-83 IM-56 GM-50 IM-65 IM-50 GM-78 GM-76 IM-52 GM-77 IM-84

2450

2620 2470

2295 2365 2445 2490 2470 2390 2420 2430 2405 2290 2495 2395 2420 2485 2450 2415 2630 2360 2455 2425 2395 2245 2410 2440 2525 2410 2455 2335 2345

E.

2410 2420 2570

Marcariiias , Rico Masic , Ljubomir Matanovic Aleksandar Mateo , Ramon A . Matera, Salvatore J. Matulovic , Milan Mccambridge , Vincent McNab , Colin Mecking , En ri q ue Medina Garcia, Ant . Mednis , Edmar J. Medun a, Ed uard Me leghe gyi , Csaba Merdinian , Agop P. Messa, Roberto

2550

2440 2460

Yugoslavia Messing, Hrvoj e England Mestel , Andrew J. Yugoslavia Mestrovic, Zvonimir United States Meyer, Eugene B . Miagmasuren , Lhamsur. Mongolia
Micayabas , Marlo Michel , Pablo Mie ses , J acq ue s Mihalj cisin, Mihaj lo Mikenas , Vladas Mikhailchishin , Adrian Miles , Anthony J. Milev , Zdravko A . Milic , Borislav Milos , Roberto

2410 2480 2490 2400 2540

Philippines Germany/Argentina Germany/England Y ugo s lavia Estonia/S . U. S ovi et Un io n England Bulgaria Yugoslavia Brasil

2290 25 10 2610

2470 25 10

2430

1 99

t.4 lnternatlonal Tltleholders (continued)

'ltlebolder

Country al Blrtb/Reddenc:e

Data

11tle Belt 5-yr Ratlna ud Date Avenp 1-1-16

rfinev , Nikolay N . rfinic, Dragoljub rfiralles , Gilles rfirkovic, Slobodan rfirza , Shahzad rfista , Ladislav &latsakanian , Eduard dohring, Gunter riohrlock, Dieter A. rioiseev , Oleg L. riokry, Karel rionticelli , Mario riorovic Fernandez, riorris, Walter D . riortensen , Erling riozes, Ervin riuco , Fatos riuffang, Andre riuhring, Wille m J . riukhin , Mikhail A . riillle r, Hans riurey , Ya'acov riurshed , Niaz riusil , Vojko fagy , Geza fajdorf, Miguel faranj a, Renato favarovszky , Laszlo eckar, Lubomir edelj kovic, Srecko fogulescu, Adrian ei, lvo foikirkh , Oleg N. emet , Ivan fonarokov, Vladimir

Bulgaria /USA Yugoslavia France Yugoslavia Pakistan Czechoslovakia Soviet Union East Germany West Germany Soviet Union Czechoslovakia Italy Chile United States Denmark Romania Albania France Holland Soviet Union Austria S . U./lsrael Bangladesh Yugoslavia Hungary Poland/Argentina Philippines Hungary Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Romania Soviet Union Bulgaria Yugoslavia Soviet Union

1931193719661958195219431938193619381925195919021963195819551 946-

IM-60 2440 2380 IM-64 2480 2405 IM-85 2360 IM-84 2390 IM-85 2315 IM-71 . 2345 IM-78 2430 IM-76 2440 2375 IM-69 2460 IM-70 2470 GM-84 GM-85 IM-80 IM-79 IM-80 2490
2440

I.

2495 2365 2420

1949189719131948-1977 1896-1971 1941196619451892-1953 1910194019331950192319611931191419431880-1953

2440 IM-85 2435 IM-82 IM-51 2430 IM-51 2440 IM-75 2470

IM-50 2440 IM-80 2460 2415 IM-82 2365 IM-67 IM-50 2470 GM-50 IM-69 IM-65 IM-83 IM-50 2635 2495 2390 2405 2360 2375 2490

IM-81 2380 IM-64 2530 2450 IM-57 2460 GM-78 2460 2415 IM-50 2430

200

Nezhmetdinov, Rashid Nicevski, Risto Nickoloff, Bryon Niklasson , Christer Nikolac, Juraj Nikolic, Predrag Nikolic, Stanimir Nikolic, Zivoslav Nogueiras , Jose de J . Norwood, David Novoselski, Zoran Novotelnov , Nikolay Nun, Jiri Nun , Josef Nunn, Jonathan D . Ochoa de Echaguen , F. Odendahl, Steven 0gaard , Leif Oj anen, Kaarle S . O'Kelly de Galway A. Olafsson, Fridrik Olafsson, Helgi Oil , Lembit Oltean, Dorel Onat , Ilhan Opocensky , Karel Ornstein , Axel 0. Orso, Miklos Ortega, Lexys Osmanovic, Kemal Osnos , Viacheslav Ostermeyer, Peter U . Ostojic, Predrag Ostos , Julio Pachman , Ludek Padevsky, Nikola B . Paehtz, Thomas Palacios , Antonio Palatnik, Semyon Palau, Luis A.

Soviet Union Yugoslavia Canada Sweden Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Cuba England Yugoslavia Soviet Union Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia England Spain United States Norway Finland Belgium Iceland Iceland Soviet Union Romania Turkey Bohemia/CSSR Sweden Hungary Cuba Yugoslavia Soviet Union West Germany Yugoslavia Venezuela CSSR/West Ger . Bulgaria East Germany Venezuela Soviet Union Argentina

1912- 1974 1945195619531932196019351953195919681955191 1 19571933195519541959195219181911-1980 193519561964195719291 892- 1975 19521956196019411935194319381924-

IM-54 IM-75 IM-81 IM-77 GM-79 GM-83 GM-77 IM-82 GM-79 IM-85 IM-83 IM-51 IM-82 IM-76 GM-77
IM-81 IM-80 IM-74 IM-52 GM-56 GM-58 GM -85 IM-83 IM-85 IM-75 IM-50 IM-75 IM -81 IM-80 IM-79

2480 2365 2415 2375 2440 2565 2340 2445 2570 2460 23 15 2420 2420 2405 2395 2585 2415 2395 2430 2340 2485 2545 2405 2330 2360 2455 2390

2500 2450

2450 2530 2570

2380 2460

2440
2540 2480 2560 2470 2435 2475 2385 2365 2405

2380

IM-65 IM-81 GM-75 IM-78 GM-54

1933GM-64 1956IM-84 1952IM-78 1950GM-77 1896-1971 IM-65

2460 2395 2335

2460

2340

20 1

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Tldebolder Country of Birth/Residence Dates Title Best 5-yr Rating and Date Avenge 1-1-86 2425 2435 2375 25 15 Palos , Osman Yugoslavia Panchenko, Alexander N. Soviet Union Poland Panczyk, Krzysztof Panno , Oscar R . Argentina Soviet Union Panov , Vasily N. Paoli , Enrico Paolozzi , Marcos Parameswaran , Tiruchy Parm a , Bruno Partos , Carol Italy Brasil India Yugoslavia Romania/Switz. 1949IM-85 1953GM-80 1958IM-84 1935GM-55 1906- 1973 IM-50 19081960195519411932196119371 963 194019611906193319451953192019511940194619531929-1984 IM-5 1 IM-84 IM-82 GM-63 IM-75 IM-84 IM-77 IM-85 IM-73 IM-85 IM-65 IM-61 IM-84 IM-81 IM-59 IM-79 IM-80 IM-76 GM-84 GM-52 IM-78 IM-57 GM-75 IM-75 GM-65

2580 2470 2350

2540 2420 2410 2450 2440 2470

2410 2335 2490 2405 2430 2410 2420 2340 2440

Paunovic, Dragan Yugoslavia Pavlov , Mircea Romania Pecorelli Garcia, Humber. Cuba Peev , Peicho C . Bulgaria Pekarek, Ales Czechoslovakia Pelikan , Jorge Penrose , Jonathan Pereira, Renato Perenyi , Bela Perez Perez , Francisco Peters , John A . Petkievics, Jozefs Petran , Pal Petrosian , Arshak B . Petrosian , Tigran V. Petursson, Margeir Pfeiffer, Gerhard Pfleger, Helmut Piasetski , Leon Pietzsch , Wolfgang Pigusov , Evgeny Pilnik , Hermann Pils , Walter Pinal , Nelson B . Pinter, Jozsef Bohemia/Argentina England Portugal Hungary Spain/Cuba United States Latvia/S . U . Hungary Soviet Union Soviet Union

2430

2415 2235 2500 2440 2420 2495

2680 2520 2480 2530 2440 2495 2520 2360 2390 2555 2480 2395

1960Iceland 1923Ger ./East Ger. CSSR/W. Germanyl9431951Canada East Germany 1930Soviet Union Gennany/Argentina Austria Cuba Hungary

1961IM-83 19 14- 1981 GM-52 1948IM-83 IM-82 19551953GM-80

202

Pirc, Vasj a Pirisi , Gabor Plachetka , Jan Planinc , Albin Plaskett , Harold J . Plater, Kazimierz Pleci , Isaias Pliester, Leon R. Podgaets , Mikhail Y. Pokojowczyk, Jerzy Polgar, Zsuzsa Polovdin, Igor Polugaevsky, Lev A. Pomar Salamanca , Art. Popov , Luben S . Popov, Nikolay S. Popov, Petar Popovic, Petar Porat , Yosef Porreca , Giorgio Portisch, Ferenc Portisch, Laj os Poutiainen , Pertti K. Povah , Nigel E . Prandstetter, Eduard Pribyl, Josef Prins , Lodewijk Pritchett , Craig Prodanov, Dimitar Przewoznik, Jan Psakhis , Lev B . Puc , Stoj an Purdy, Cecil J. Pytel, Krzysztof Qi , Jingzuan Quinones , Oscar C . Quinteros, Miguel A . Rabar, Braslav Radashkovich , Itzak Radev, Nikolay I .

Yugoslavia Hungary Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia England Poland Argentina Holland Soviet Union Poland Hungary Soviet Union Soviet Union Spain Bulgaria Soviet Union Bulgaria Yugoslavia Poland/Israel Italy Hungary Hungary Finland England Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia Holland Scotland Bulgaria Poland Soviet Union Yugoslavia Egypt/Australia Poland P . R . China Peru Argentina Yugoslavia S . U ./Israel Bulgaria

1 907- 1980 1958194519441 9601915-1982 1 907- 1979 1954194719491969195519341931193619501939195919091927-

GM-53 IM-85 GM-78 GM-72 GM-85 IM-50 IM-65 IM-82 IM-72 IM-77 IM-84 IM-84 GM-62 GM-62 IM-65 IM-n IM-80 GM-81 IM-52 IM-57

2540

2385 2430 2415 2435

2410

2460

2365 2455 2380

2400
2630 2490 2470

2435 2575 2350 2410

2415 2400

2425 2330 2545

IM-75 19391937GM-61 1952-1981 IM-76 1952IM-83 IM-79 194819471913194919521957195819211906-1979 19451947IM-72 GM-82 IM-76 IM-80 IM-85 GM-82 GM-84 IM-5 1 IM-75 IM-81

2440 2640
2425

2420 2610 2375 2450 2415

2480

2400

2340 2420

2490 2400

2555 2255 2420 2490 2345 25 10 2395 2370

1941IM-63 1947GM-73 1919-1973 IM-50 1947IM-76 IM-76 1938-

25 10 2405

203

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Titleholder Radovici , Corvin Radulescu , Constantin Radulov, Ivan Ragozin , Viacheslav V. Raicevic , Vladimir Rajkovic , Dusan Rajna, Gyorgy Rakic , Tomislav Ramayrat , Cris Ramos, Domingo Rantanen , Yrjo Rashkovsky, Nukhim Ravikumar, Vaidyanthan Ravi Sekhar , Raj a Razuvaev , Yury S . Ree , Hans Reefschlaeger, Helmut Regan , Kenneth W . Rejfir , Josef Rellstab , Ludwig A . Remon , Adelquis Renet, Olivier Renman, Nils G . Reshevsky, Samuel H . Reyes , Juan Ribli , Zoltan Richter , Emil Richter, Kurt Rigo , Janos Rind, Bruce L . Rivas Pastor , Manuel Rizzitano , James Robatsch , Karl Rocha, Antonio Rodi , Ludwig Country of Blrtb/Residence Romania Romania Bulgaria Soviet Union Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Hungary Yugoslavia Philippines Philippines Finland Soviet Union India India Soviet Union Holland West Germany United States Czechoslovakia Ger./East Germany Cuba France Sweden Poland/USA Peru Hungary Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary United States Spain United States Austria Brasil West Germany Dates 1931194019391908-1962 194919421947193419581960195019461959195419451944194419591908-1962 1904-1983 1949196419501911195 1 1894-1971 1900-1969 1948195319601961192819441907-1970 Title Best 5-yr Rating and Date Average 1-1-86 IM-68 IM-84 GM-72 GM-50 GM-76 GM-77 IM-77 IM-78 IM-85 IM-80 GM-81 GM-80 IM-78 IM-81 GM-76 GM-80 IM-85 IM-81 IM-56 IM-50 IM-78 IM-85 IM-80 GM-50 IM-85 GM-73 IM-51 IM-50 IM-84 IM-79 IM-80 IM-85 GM-61 IM-79 IM-53

2400
25 10 2550

2360 2385 2405 2485 2410 2335 2405 2430 23 10 2395 2420 2370 2390 2525 2455 2390 2405

2480 2490

2680

2395 2395 2450 2485 2425 2585

2450 2480

2380 2375 2470 2420 2405 2375

2470 2480

204

Rodriguez , Anlador Rodriguez, Ruben Rodriguez Cordoba, J . Rodriguez Gonzales, J. Rodriguez Pineda, Mau. Rodriguez Vargas, 0 . Rogers, Ian Rogoff, Kenneth S . Rogulj , Branko Rohde , Michael A .

Cuba Philippines Cuba Cuba Colombia Peru Australia United States Yugoslavia United States

19571946194919391943196019531951195919521892-1964 196519591957-

GM-77 IM-78 IM-82 IM-72 IM-84 GM-77 GM-85 GM-77 IM-77 IM-77 GM-76 IM-50 IM-85 IM-82 IM-82

2505 2410 2295 2380 2465 2480 2440 25 15 2500 2380 2445 2560 2480 2455 2350 2390 2500 2540 23 10

Soviet Union Romanishin, Oleg M . Romanovsky, Peter A. Soviet Union Romero Holmes, Alfonso Spain France Roos , Daniel France Roos, Louis Rossetto , Hector D . Rossolimo , Nicolas Rubcova, Olga Rubinetti, Jorge Rubinstein , Akiba K. Rudenko , Ludmila Rukavina, Josip Sacconi , Antonio Sacharov, Alexander Sadiku, Bedrij a Saeed , Nasser S . Saeed , Saeed A. Sahovic, Dragutin Saidy, Anthony F. Sajtar, Jaroslav Salov, Valery Siimisch , Friedrich Sanchez, Luis A. Sandor, Bela Sanguineti , Raul C. Santo-Roman , Marc Sanz Alonso , F. J . Sapi, Laszlo Sarapu, Ortvin Savon, Vladimir A . Argentina Russia/USA Soviet Union Argentina Poland/Belgium Soviet Union Yugoslavia Italy Soviet Union Yugoslavia

1922GM-60 1910-1975 GM-53 IM-56 19091945IM-69 1882- 1961 GM-50 1904IM-53 IM-72 19421895-1968 IM-5 1 1946IM-77 IM-85 IM-84 IM-82 GM-77 IM-69 GM-85 IM-84 GM-50 IM-5 1 IM-64 GM-82 IM-84 IM-77 IM-80 IM-66 GM-73

2440 2640 2475 2420 2470 2360 2350 2435 2405 2420 2525 2490 2430 2465 2520 2360 2320 2380 2335 2445

United Arab Emir . 1965United Arab Emir. 1967Yugoslavia 1940United States 1937Czechoslovakia 1921Soviet Union Germany Colombia Hungary Argentina 19641896- 1975 19171919-1978 1933-

2450 2430 2470

1960France 1952Spain Hungary 1935Estonia/N. Zealand l924Soviet Union 1940-

2400 24 10 2560

205

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Titleholder Sax , Gyula Scafarelli, Francesco Scheeren , Peter M.J. Schinzel, Wladyslav Schmi d , Lothar M. Schmidt , Paul F. Schmidt, Wlodzimiers Schneider, Attila Schneider, Lars A . Schroer, Jonathan Schussler, Harry Schweber, Samuel Segal , Alexandro S . Seirewan , Yasser Sellos , Didier Country of Birth/Residence Hungary Italy Holland Poland Ger ./West Ger. Estonia/USA Poland Hungary Sweden United States Sweden Argentina Romania/Brasil Syria/USA France Dates 195 1 19331955194319281916-1984 1943195519551963195719361947196019571960195 1 1936192319521946193319291952196519591932195519471942Title Bat 5-yr Ratinw and Date Average 1-1-8'1 GM-74 IM-57 IM-82 IM-77 GM-59 IM-50 GM-76 IM-84 IM-76 IM-84 IM-77 IM-62 IM-77 GM-80 IM-82 IM-82 IM-82 IM-66 GM-65 IM-75 IM-81 IM-58 IM-82 IM-78 GM-84 IM-85 IM-68 IM-84 GM-75 IM-81 2530 2430 2545 2455 2380 2530 2450 2440 2430 2370 2455 2405 2355 2605 2340 2410 2450 2440 2435 2430 2305 2400 2430 2585 2435 2365 2495

2550 2500 2500

2450

Bulgaria Semkov, Semko France Seret, Jean L. Soviet Union Sergievsky , Vladimir Shamkovich , Leonid A. Soviet Union/USA Iran / France Sharif, Mehrshad Shaw , Terry I . Sherwin , James T. Shipman , Walter Shirazi , Kamran Short , Nigel D . Shvidler, Eliahu Siaperas , Trianatafyllos Sieiro Gonzales, Luis Sigurj onsson, Gudmun. Sikora, Jan Silva, Fernando Simagin , Vladimir P . Simic, Radoslav Sindik, Ervin Sinkovics, Peter Australia United States United States Iran/USA England Israel Greece Cuba Iceland Czechoslovakia Portugal Soviet Union Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Hungary

2440 2520

2455

2350

239(]
2335

IM-75 19501919-1968 GM-62 GM-84 1948IM-84 1953IM-85 1949-

2455 235C 24 1

206

Sisniega , Marcel Skalkotas , Nikolaos Skalli , Kamul Skembris, Spyros S . Skrobek, Ryszard Sliwa , Bogdan Smagin , Sergey Smederevac, Petar Smej kal , Jan Smyslov, Vasily V. Sofrevski, Jovan Sokolov, Andrey Soltis, Andrew Soos, Bela Sosonko , Gennadi Spacek, Peter Spasov, Luben Spassky, Boris V. Speelman, Jonathan S . Spiridonov, Nikola Spraggett, Kevin B . Stahlberg, Gideon Staniszewski , Piotr Stean , Michael F. Steczkowski , Kazimierz Stefanov, Parik Stein , Bernd Stein , Leonid Z. Steiner, Herman Steiner, Laj os Stempin , Pawel Stohl, Igor Stoica , Valentin Stoltz , Gosta Strauss , David J. Sturua, Zurab Suba , Mihai Suer, Nevzat Suetin , Alexey S . Sunie Neto , Jaime

USA/Mexico Greece Morocco Greece Poland Poland Soviet Union Yugoslavia Czechoslovakia Soviet Union Yugoslavia Soviet Union United States Romania/FRG S . U ./Holland Czechoslovakia Bulgaria S . U ./France England Bulgaria Canada Sweden Poland England Poland Romania West Germany Soviet Union Hungary/USA Hungary/Australia Poland Czechoslovakia Romania Sweden England/USA Soviet Union Romania Turkey Soviet Union Brasil

1959 194919521958195 1 19221922194619211935196319471930194319641943193719561938-

IM-78 IM-84 IM-85 IM-81 IM-77 IM-53 IM-85 IM-65 GM-72 GM-50 IM-72 GM-84 GM-80 IM-67 GM-76 IM-84 GM-76 GM-55 GM-80 GM-79 2440 2450 2690 2440

2470 2335 2400 2365 2280 2500 2280 2550 2575 2390 2595 2440 2380 2525 2410 2400 2610 2560 2420 2535 2405 2500 2320 2335 2405

2430

2680 2450 2590

1954GM-85 1908- 1967 GM-50 1966IM-85 1953GM-76 1947IM-84 1954IM-83 1955IM-85 1934- 1973 GM-62 1905- 1955 IM-50 1903-1975 IM-50 1959IM-84 1964IM-84 IM-77 19501904-1963 GM-54 1946IM-82 19591947192519261957-

2620 2450 2480

2520

2465 2430 2355 2425 2545 2400 2480

2400

IM-82 GM-77 IM-75 GM-65 IM-80

2350 2560

207

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Tideholder Country of Blrtb/Residence Dates 194719451950193719601898- 1974 1917195519211937Tide Best 5-yr Ratlnj and Date Average 1-1-8'1 GM-77 GM-73 GM-77 IM-70 IM-84 IM-5 1 GM-50 IM-76 IM-56 IM-82 2470 2385 2350 2610 2420 2450 2450 2280 2420 2560 2325

Suradiradj a , Herman Suttles, Duncan Sveshnikov, Evgeny E . Sydor, Andrzej Sygulski , Artur Szabados, Eugenio Szabo , Laszlo Szekely, Peter Szilagyi , Gyorgy Szilagyi , Peter Szily, Jozsef Szmetan , Jorge G. Sznapik , Aleksander Szymczak, Zbigniew Tabor, Jozsef Taimanov, Mark E . Tal , Mikhail Tan , Hoang L. Tan , Lian Ann Tarjan, James E . Tartakower , Savely G. Tatai, Stefano Taulbut , Shaun M . Taylor , Timothy W. Tempone, Marcelo J . Teschner, Rudolf Thipsay, Praveen Thomas , George A. Thorsteins , Karl Tiller, Bjorn

Indonesia USA/Canada Soviet Unioin Poland Poland Hungary/Italy Hungary Hungary Hungary Hungary Hungary Argentina Poland Poland Hungary Soviet Union Latvia/S . U . Indonesia Singapore United States Russia/France Italy England United States Argentina Ger./West Ger. India Turkey/England Iceland Norway

2440

2465 2430 2270 2445 2370 2425 2415 2350 2500 2600 2365 2525

1913-1976 IM-50 1950IM-76 195 1IM-77 1952IM-76 1936IM-84 19261936193819471952GM-52 GM-57 IM-63 IM-73 GM-76

2600 2700

1887-1956 GM-50 IM-66 19381958IM-78 1953IM-82 1962IM-80 192219591881- 1972 19641959195 1 1949196219581940IM-57 IM-83 IM-50 IM-85 IM-82 GM-74 GM-80 IM-82 IM-81 IM-77

2560 2470

2405 2440 2440 2385

2480 2470

2330 2485 2445 2400 2645 2475 2465 2455 2415

Holland Timman , Jan H. Timoshchenko, Gennady Soviet Union East Germany Tischbirek , Raj United States Tisdall, Jonathan D . Yugoslavia Todorcevic, Miodrag

2480

208

Tolush , Alexander K. Tomaszewski, Roman Tampa , Janos Tonchev , Miroslav Toran Albero , Roman Torre , Eugenio Torre Repetto , Carlos Toshkov , Tikhomir Toth , Bela Trapl , Jindrich Trepp , Markus Trifunovic, Petar Trindale , Sandro Tringov , Georgy P. Troianescu , Octav Trois, Francisco R . Tseitlin, Mark D . Tseitlin , Mikhail S . Tseshkovsky, Vitaly V. Tsvetkov , Alexander K.

Soviet Union Poland Hungary Bulgaria Spain Philippines Mexico Bulgaria Hungary/Italy Czechoslovakia Switzerland Yugoslavia Brasil Bulgaria Romania Brasil Soviet Union Soviet Union Soviet Union Bulgaria

1910- 1 969 19601947195 1 193 1 -

GM-53 IM-84 IM-79 IM-79 IM-54

2560

2460 2560

2390 2350 2285 2540 2430 2440 2340 2390 2325 2475 2405 2445 2455 2455 2280 2570 25 15 2505 2330 2285 2470 2410 2440 2370 2645 25 10 2410 2340 2415 2470

195 1 GM-74 1905-1978 GM-77 IM-82 19561943IM-74 1942IM-77 19611910-1980 196519371916-1980 19461943194719441914194619501920-1984 193519391915-1979 1936192519521962IM-85 GM-53 IM-82 GM-63 IM-50 IM-80 IM-82 IM-77 GM-75 IM-50 GM-72 IM-77 GM-62 GM-59 IM-65 IM-61 IM-77 GM-54 IM-80 IM-84

2550 2480 2420

2410

Tukmakov, Vladimir B . Soviet Union Soviet Union Ubilava, Elizbar E. Yugoslavia Udovcic, Mijo East Germany Uhlmann , Wolfgang Mongolia Uitumen , Tudev Uj telky , Maximilian Ungureanu , Emil Unzicker, Wolfgang Urzica , Aurel Utasi , Thomas Vadasz , Laszlo Vaganian , Rafael A . Vaiser, Anatoly V. Vaisman , Volodea Vaitonis , Pavilas Vaidya , Arun B . Vajda , Arpad Valvo, Michael J . Van den Berg , Carel B. Van der Sterren , Paul Hungary/CSSR Romania West Germany Romania Hungary Hungary Soviet Union Soviet Union Romania/France Lithuania/Canada India Hungary United States Holland Holland

2500 2570 2380 2440 2590

1948GM-76 195 1 GM-71 1949GM-85 1937IM-75 1 9 1 1 -1983 IM-52 1949IM-85 1896-1967 IM-50 1942IM-80 1924-1971 IM-63 1956IM-79

2430 2480 2400

209

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Tldeholder Country of Blrth/ReBldenc:e
Dates

IDd Date Avenge 1-1-86

Title

Best yr Ratina
2555 2360 2360 23 10 2430 2350 2480 2470 2365 2435 2350 2415 2435 2575 2455 2425 2470 2480 2600 2460

Van Van Van Van Van

der Wiel, John C. Holland Holland Geet, Dirk D . Riemsdyk, Herman Holland/Brasil Scheltinga, Tjeerd Holland Holland Wijgerden , Cor Hungary Soviet Union Soviet Union Hungary Soviet Union Cuba Yugoslavia Bulgaria Yugoslavia Cuba Ecuador/Mexico Soviet Union Soviet Union Austria/Yugoslavia Austria/Yugoslavia Cuba Mexico Latvia/S . U . Romania/Greece Soviet Union Soviet Union East Germany Soviet Union Yugoslavia/Canada Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Yugoslavia N . Zealand/Eng. West Germany

19591932194819141950195219331923193719531956195 1195 11942196119531912- 1979 1888-1950 1885-1962 1909-1980 1953195619461938192919571952194719381949193319421898-1975 19211888-1959

GM-82 IM-65 IM-78 IM-50 IM-n IM-82 GM-61 IM-77 IM-84 IM-83 IM-82 IM-80 GM-82 GM-73 IM-79 IM-75 IM-50 IM-50 GM-50 IM-50 IM-77 IM-80 IM-80 IM-68 IM-63 IM-82 GM-76 IM-82 IM-69 IM-85 IM-82 GM-75 IM-51 IM-50 IM-53

2440

Varasdy, Imre Vasiukov , Evgeny A. Vatnikov, losif E . Vegh , Endre Veingold, Alexander Velez , Nestor Velickovic , Aleksandar Velikov, Petar V. Velimirovic , Dragoljub Vera, Reinaldo Verduga , Denis Veresov, Gavriil N . Verlinsky, Boris M . Vidmar, Milan Vidmar, Milan Jr. Vilela, Jose L. Villareal, Jose F. Vitolins , Alvis Vizantiades , Lazaros Vladimirov, Boris T. Vladimirov , Evgeny Y. Vogt, Lothar H. Vdtotnikov, Vladislav Vranesic, Zvonko Vujakovic, Branko Vujovic, Milorad Vukic, Milan Vukovic, Vladimir Wade , Robert G. Wagner, Heinrich

2560 2480

2400
2280 2470

2410

2415 2250 2455 2490 2460 2430 2380 2375 23 10 2465

2410

2450 2380 2490

2305

210

Watson , John L . Watson , William N. Webb, Simon Wedberg, Tom Weinstein , Norman S .

United States England England Sweden United States

1951196219491953195019411959194419251890-1975 1947196319621898-1955 1951193119331948196319321925196119601937195919591911196019571935-1971 1939194319411958194719161938194019431938-1980

IM-82 IM-82 IM-77 IM-77 IM-75 IM-62 IM-84 GM-75 IM-59 IM-65 IM-77 IM-84 IM-80 IM-50 IM-77 IM-77 IM-69 IM-81 IM-80 IM-69 GM-64 IM-82 IM-82 IM..69 IM-84 IM-82 IM-50 GM-80 G M-84 GM-67 GM-76 IM-77 IM-78 GM-84 IM-85 IM-67 IM-77 IM-82 IM-80 IM-65

2420 2430 2425 2500 2450

Weinstein , Raymond A. United States Sweden Welin , Thomas Westerinen , Heikki M. Finland Romania/Argentina Wexler , Bernardo United States Whitaker , Norman T. Wibe , Terje Wiedenkeller , Michael Wilder , Michael J . Winter, William Wirthensohn , Heinz Witkowski , Stefan Witt , Laszlo Wittmann , Walter Wong, Meng Kong Wotulo , Max A. Yanofsky, Daniel A. Yap , Andronico Ye , Jiangchuan Yepez Obando, 0. Yrjola , Jouni Yudasin , Leonid G . Yudovich , Mikhail M. Yusopov , Artur M. Zaichik , Gennady L . Zaitsev , Alexander N. Norway Sweden United States England Switzerland Poland Hungary/Canada Austria Singapore Indonesia Poland/Canada Philippines P.R. China Ecuador Finland Soviet Soviet Soviet Soviet Soviet Union Union Union Union Union

2480
2450 2410 2420 2445 2390

2385 2455 2445

2460
2445 2350 2260 2410 2290 2320 2530 2470 2475 2385

2340

2440 2485 2480

2645 2480 2550 2500

Soviet Union Zaitsev, Igor A. Zakharov , Alexander V. Soviet Union Soviet Union/USA Zaltsman , Vitaly Colombia Zapata , Alonso Zarkovic , Jugoslav Yugoslavia Zhukovitsky, Samuil M. Soviet Union Zichichi , Alvise Italy Zilberman, Nathan R. Soviet Union Zilberstein , Valery I. Soviet Union East Germany Zinn, Lothar

2400

2385 2410 2515 2360 2405 2420 2350

2480

2420

21 1

9.4 International Titleholders (continued)

Titleholder Cowdry of Blrtb/Residence Dates
ucl Date Avenge 1-1-86

Title

Belt 5-yr Rating

Zita, Frantisek Zivkovic, Ljubomir Zlatilov , lvailo Zlotnikov , Michael Zuckerman , Bernard Zueger, Beat Zuidema, Coenraad Zwaig, Ame

Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Bulgaria Soviet Union/USA United States Switzerland Holland Norway

1909- 1977 IM-50 1938IM-80 IM-83 19601949IM-80 IM-70 1943196119421947IM-84 IM-64 IM-75

2460

24 10 2305 2350 2490 2435 2450 2450

Notes: A best five-year average rating is not shown where data

than the 1-1-86 rating.

are

insufficient, or where it is lower

generally, common usage in English-language chess periodicals bas been the guiding principle.

In transliterating Slavic (Cyrillic)

names

and

on

the rendering of foreign names in English

212

9.5 Untitled Chessmasters

Player Country of Birth/Residence Dates Best S-yr Average

Alapin, Simon Alberoni, Edward Albin, Adolph Alekhine, Alexander Anderssen, Adolph Andersson, Erik Apscheneek, Franz Baird, David G . Balla, Zoltan Barasz, Zsigmond Bardeleben, Curt von Barnes, Thomas W. Bauer, Johann H. Berger, Johann H. Bird, Henry E. Blackburne, Joseph H. Blumenfeld, Bejamin M. Boden, Samuel S. Breyer, Gyula Brody, Miklos Buckle, Henry T. Burn, Amos Capablanca, Jose R. Caro, Horatio Chajes, Oscar Charousek, Rudolph Chigorin, Mikhail Cohn, Erich Cohn, Wilhelm Colle, Edgar Delmar, Eugene DeVere, Cecil Dubois, Serafino Dufresne, Jean Engels, Ludwig

Russia/Germany United States Romania/Austria Russia/France Germany Denmark Lithuania United States Hungary Hungary Germany England Austria Austria England England Russia England Hungary Hungary England England Cuba England Germany/USA Bohemia/Hungary Russia Germany Germany Belgium United States England Italy Germany Germany /Brazil

1 856- 1923 u u 1848- 1920 1892- 1946 1 8 1 8- 1 879 1 885- 1938 1 894- 1941 1 854- 1 9 1 3 1 883- 1 945 1 878- 1 935 1 86 1 - 1 924 1 825- 1 874 1 86 1 - 1 89 1 1 845- 1 933 1 830- 1 908 1 84 1 - 1 924 1 884- 1 947 1 826- 1 882 1 894- 192 1 1 877- 1 949 1 82 1 - 1 862 1 848- 1 925 1 888- 1942 1 862- 1920 1873- 1928 1873- 1900 1850- 1 908 1884- 1 9 1 8 1859- 1 9 1 3 1897- 1932 184 1 - 1 909 1 845- 1875 1 8 1 7- 1 899 1829- 1 893 1905- 1967

2500 2370* 2450 2690 2600 2480 2430 2350 2450 2440 25 10 24 10* 2460 2495 2440 2570 2390 2470* 2500 2430 2480* 2530 2725 2470 2440 2570 2600 2480 2450 2490 2420 2450 2550* 2370* 2460

Data covers period of active play. u Unknown

213

9.5 Untitled Chessmasters (continued)

Pbyer Country of Birth/Residence Dates Best S-yr Averqe

Englisch, Berthold Esser, Johannes Exner, Cornel Fahrni, Hans Falkbeer, Ernst K. Flamberg, A lexander Forgacs, Leo Freymann, Sergei Fritz, Alexander Golmayo, Celso Golmayo, Manuel Gossip, George H. Gottschall, Hermann von Grau, Roberto G . Gregory, Bernhard Grigoriev, Nikolai Gunsberg, Isidor Gygli, Fritz Halprin, A lexander Hamppe, Carl Hanham, J. Moore Hanstein, Wilhelm Harmonist, Mac Harrwitz, Daniel Havasi, Kornel Helling, Karl Hirschfeld, Philipp Hodges, Albert B. Holzhausen, Walther von Honlinger, Baldur

A ustria Holland/USA Hungary Bohemia/Switzerland Austria Poland Hungary Russia Germany Spain/Cuba Cuba/Spain England Germany Argentina Estonia/USSR Soviet Union Hungary/England Germany United States A ustria United States Germany Germany Germany /France Hungary Germany Germany United States Germany Austria/Germany

1 85 1 - 1 897 1 877- 1 946 1 867- 1 938 1 874- 1 939 1 8 1 9- 1 885 1 880- 1 926 1 88 1 - 1 930 1 882- 1 946 1857- 1 932 1 820-1 898 1 883- 1 973 1 84 1 - 1 907 1 862- 1 933 1 900- 1 944 1 883-u 1 895- 1 938 1854- 1 930 1 8961 868- 192 1 1 8 1 4- 1 876 1 840- 1 923 1 8 1 1 - 1 850 1864- 1 907 1823- 1 884 1892- 1 945 1904- 1 937 1840- 1 896 186 1 - 1 944 1876- 1935 19051807- 1 885 1887- 1 956 1856- 1 9 1 7 1894- 194 1 1 8 1 3- 1 872

2520 2320 2400 2480 2410* 2480 2520 2420 2350 2380* 2390 23 10 2400 2430 2330 2440 2560 2410 2380 2410* 2360 2480* 2420 2520* 2460 2460 2410* 2450 2410 2460 2420* 2440 2480 2460 2360

Horwitz, Bernhard Germany/England A ustria/CSSR Hromadka, Karel Austria Hruby, Vincenz Ilyin-Genevsky, Alexander Soviet Union Jaenisch, Carl F. Russia

214

Jaffe, Charles Janowski, David Jasnogradsky, Nicolai John, Walter Johner, Paul F. Judd, Max Junge, Klaus Kagan, Bernard Kaufmann, Arthur Kieseritzky, Lionel Kolisch, Ignatz Kupchik, Abraham Landau, Salo Lange, Max Lasa, Tassilo von der Lasker, Emanuel Lebedev, Sergei Lee, Frank Leonhardt, Paul S. Levitzky, Stephen M. Lipke, Paul Lipschuetz, Samuel LOwenthal, Johann J. Lowtzky, Moishe L. MacDonnell, George A . Mackenzie, George H. Maderna, Carlos Malutin, Boris E. Marchand, Max Marco, Georg Marshall, Frank J. Martinez, Aristides Mason, James Mattison, Hermann Mayet, Carl Meitner, Philipp Menchik, Vera Merenyi, Lajos Metger, Johannes Michell, Reginald P.

/USA 1883- 1941 Poland/France 1868- 1927 1859-1914 Russia/USA Germany/Switzerland 1 879-u Switzerland/Germany 1 887- 1938 1852- 1906 Poland/USA 1924- 1945 Chile/Germany 1866- 1 932 Germany 1872-u Austria 1806- 1853 Germany /France Hungary/Austria Poland/USA Poland/Holland Germany Germany Germany /England Russia England Germany Russia Germany Hungary/USA Hungary /England Poland Ireland/England Scotland/USA Argentina Russia Holland Austria United States United States Ireland/USA Latvia Germany Germany Russia/England Hungary Germany England
215

2430 2570 2320 2460 2480* 2450 2560* 2320 2490 2480* 2570 2480 2480 2440 2600 * 2720 2440 2450 2500 2450 2520 25 10 25 10* 2440 24 10 2560 2450 2370 2420 2520 2570 2390* 2530 25 10 2330 * 2380 2350 2410 24 10 2420

1837- 1 889 1 892- 1970 1903- 1 944 1832- 1 899 18 18- 1 899 1868- 1 94 1 1868- 1942 1858- 1909 1877- 1934 1876- 1 924 1870- 1955 1 863- 1905 1 8 10- 1 876 188 1 - 1 940 1830- 1899 1837- 1 89 1 19 10- 1 975 1883- 1920 1888- 1 957 1863- 1 923 1 877- 1944 1 835- 1922 1849- 1905 1894- 1932 1 8 10- 1 868 1838- 1 9 10 1906- 1 944 1884- 1936 1850- 1 926 1873- 1938

9.5 U ntitled Chessmasters (continued)

Player Country of Birth/Residence Dates Best S-yr Average

Minckwi tz, Joha nnes Morphy, Pa u l Naegeli, Oskar Napier, William E. Neuma n n , A ug ustin Neumann, G usta v R . Nimzovi tc h , Aaron Noa , Josef Nyholm, G ustav Olland, Adolph , G . Owe n , Joh n Pa ulse n , Louis Pa ulse n , Wilfried Perlis, J u li us Petrov, A lexander Petrov, Vladimir Pillsb ury, Harry N . Polloc k , William H . K . Popiel, lgnatz Porges, Moritz Post , Erhard Potter, William N . Prokes, Ladislav Przepiorka, David Rabinovitc h , I lya L. Reggio, A rturo Rethy, Pal Reti, Richard Rey A rdid, Ramon Riemann, Fritz

G ermany U n i ted Sta tes Switze rland E ngland/USA A ustria Germany R ussia/De nmark H u ngary S weden Holla nd Engla nd G e rmany G e rmany A ustria R ussia Latvia/US S R Uni ted Sta tes England A ustria A ustria G e rmany England Bohemia Pola nd R ussia I ta ly H u ngary H u ngary /Czech. Spa i n G e rmany

1 843- 1 90 1 1 837- 1 884 1 885- 1 959 1 88 1 - 1 952 1 880- 1 906 1 838- 1 88 1 1 886- 1 935 1 856- 1 903 1 880- 1 95 7 1 867- 1 933 1 827- 1 90 1 1 833- 1 89 1 1 828- 1 90 1 1 880- 1 9 1 3 1 794- 1 867 1 907- 1 945 1 872- 1 906 1 859- 1 896 1 863- 1 943 1 858- 1 909 1 88 1 - 1 947 1 840- 1 89 5 1 884- 1 966 1 880- 1 942 1 89 1 - 1 942 1 863- 1 9 1 7 1 905- 1 962 1 889- 1 929 1 9031 859- 1 932 1 830- 1 905 1 837- 1 902 1 877- 1 947 1 889- 1 920 u u

2435 2690* 2450 2500 2470 2570 26 1 5 24 1 0 2420 2450 2380 2550 2350 2500 2530* 2520 2630 2400 2350 2400 2480 2480 2400 2470 2530 2400 2460 2550 2480 2450 2450 2470 2400 2480 2370*

F rance Riviere , Jules Amous de Rose n thal, Sa m ue l Pola nd/France Rosselli del Turco, Stefano I ta ly Poland Rotlevi, G .A . F ra nce/USA Roussea u, E ugene

216

Ryumin, Nikolai N. Saint-Amant, Pierre Salwe, Georg Schallopp, Emil Scheve, Theodor von Schiffers, Emanuel S. Schlechter, Carl Schottliinder, Arnold Schulten, John W. Schwarz, Adolph Schwarz, Jaques Seitz, Adolph Selesniev, Alexei Shories, George Showalter, Jackson W. Shumov, Ilya Simonson, Albert C. Soultanbeieff, Victor Spielmann, Rudolph Stanley, Charles H. Staunton, Howard Steiner, Endre Steinitz, Wilhelm Sterk, Karoly Si.ichting, Hugo Suhle, Berthold Sultan Khan, Mir Swiderski, Rudolph Szekely, Jeno Szen, Jozsef Takacs, Sandor Tarrasch, Siegbert Taubenhaus, Jean Teichmann, Richard Tinsley, Edward S. Treybal, Karl Urusov, Sergei S. Vliet, Louis van Walbrodt, Carl A. Walker, George

Russia France Poland Germany Germany Russia Austria Germany United States Hungary/ Austria Germany/ Austria Germany Russia England United States Russia United States Belgium Austria England/USA England Hungary Bohemia /USA Hungary Germany Germany Pakistan Germany Hungary Hungary Hungary Germany Poland/France Germany England Bohemia Russia Holland Holland/Germany England
217

1 908- 1 942 1 800- 1 873 1 860- 1 920 1 843- 1 9 1 9 1 85 1 - 1 922 1 850- 1 904 1 874- 1 9 1 8 1 854- 1 909 u - 1 875 1 836- 1 9 1 0 1 856- 1 92 1 1 898- 1 970 1 888- 1 965 1 874- 1 934 1 860- 1 935 1 8 1 9- 1 88 1 1 9 1 5- 1 965 1 895- 1 972 1 883- 1 942 1 8 1 9- 1 894 1 8 1 0- 1 874 1 90 1 - 1 944 1 836- 1 900 1 88 1 - 1 946 1 874- 1 9 1 6 1 837- 1 904 1 905- 1 966 1 878- 1 909 1 886- 1 946 1 800- 1 857 1 893- 1 932 1 862- 1 934 1 850- 1 9 1 9 1 868- 1 925 1 869- 1 937 1 885- 1 94 1 1 827- 1 897 u - 1 932 1 87 1 - 1 902 1 803- 1 879

25 1 0 2400* 2500 2450 2450 2490 2600 24 1 0 2335* 2475 2440 24 1 0 2470 2430 2470 2390* 2430 2370 2560 2380* 2520* 2490 2650 24 1 0 2450 2440* 2530 2490 2385 2450* 2470 26 1 0 2480 2570 2400 2490 2450* 2400 2530 2360*

9.5 U ntitled Chessmasters (continued)

Player Coantry of Birth/Residence Dates Best S-yr Averqe

Weiss, Max Williams, Elijah Winawer, Simon Wisker, John Wittek, Alexander Wolf, Heinrich Wolf, Siegfried R. Wyvill, Marmaduke Yates, Frederick, D. Zinkl, Adolph J.L.

Hungary/Austria England Poland England Austria Austria Austria England England Austria

1857- 1927 u - 1 854 1838- 1920 1846-1 884 1 852- 1 894 1875- 1940 1867- 195 1 1 8 14- 1 896 1 884- 1932 1 87 1-u

2540 2450 2530 2420 2440 2500 2330 2460 2470 2430

Znosko-Borovsky, Eugene Russia/France Poland/England Zukertort, Johannes H. Data covers period of active play. u Unknown

1 884- 1954 2450 1842- 1 888 2600

9.6 Bibliograp hy
Batchelder, W. H . and Bershad , N.J. The Statistical Analysis of a Thurs tonian Model for Rating Chess Players, School of Social Sciences, University of California, I rvine CA , 1 977. Berkin, B. System of Individual Rating of the USSR Chess Federation. FIDE Revue #3, 1 965. Also "64" #47, 1 969. Berkson, J. and Reed, L.J. Application of the Logistic Function to Experi mental Data, Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 33, 7fl.}-779, 1929. Berkson, J. Application of the Logistic Function to Bioassay. Journal of the American Statistical Association , Vol. 39, 357-365, 1944. Brumfitt, G. Statistical Study of Chess Masters. British Chess Magazine , Vol. 1 1 , 388, 1 89 1 . Buhlman, H . and Huber, P.J. Pairwise Comparison and Ranking in Tour naments, Annals of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 34, 50 1 -5 10, 1963. Churchman and Ratoosh Measurement: Definition and Theories, John Wiley. New York , 1 959. Clarke, R . W.B. British Chess Federation G rading System, BCF Yearbook, London , 1 957, 1958. The Grandmasters, British Chess Magazine, Vol. 83, Feb. , July, 1963.
-

218