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+ [Acid] - [Base]
- log [H ] = - log Ka - log - log [OH ] = - log Kb - log
[Salt] [Salt]
Example:
1. 0.1 M acetic acid mixed with 0.01 M sodium
acetate. If Ka is 1 x 10-5, the pH of this
solution will be:
Answer:
This solution is composed of weak acid and its
salt, so the buffer formula applies to
calculate pH of this solution.
[Acid] = 0.1 M; [Salt] = 0.01 M
The pH = pKa + log [Salt]/[Acid]
pH = - log 1 x 10-5 + log (0.01/0.1)
=5–1
=4
Question 1.
6 grams of acetic acid (Mr 60) and 9.8 grams
of potassium acetate (Mr 98) is mixed in 1 L
solution, what the pH of the solution will be?
(Ka 1 x 10-5)
Solution SBI 2008 48
BUFFER SOLUTION(cont’d)
Question 2.
35 grams of NH4OH (Mr 35) and 26.75 grams
of NH4Cl (Mr 53.5) is mixed in 0.5 L solution,
what the pH of the solution will be? (Kb 1 x
10-5)
Question 3.
If we react 12 g of CH3COOH (Mr 60) and 4 g
NaOH (Mr 40) in 1 L solution, what the pH of
the solution (Ka 1 x 10-5)
Question 4.
One RSBI student wants to make a buffer
solution of NH4OH (Mr 35) and NH4Cl (Mr
53.5) with the pH of 10 in 500 mL. If Kb is 1
x 10-5, what the mass ratio of base and salt
must be added?
+ -
[NH4OH] [H ][OH ]
Kh = + -
[NH4 ] [OH ]
+ -
[NH4 ] [OH ]
Remember: Kb =
[NH4OH]
+ -
and Kw = [H ] [OH ] ; so
Kw
1 Kw or Kh =
Kh = Kb
Kb
+ 2 Kw
[H ] = . +
[NH4 ] ; So
Kb
Kw
+
[H ] = . [NH4+]
Kb
Example 1.
Calculate pH of NH4Cl solution 0.1M (Kb NH4OH 1x 10-5)
Answer:
NH4Cl is a salt formed from ………
Example 2.
Calculate pH of CH3COONa solution 0.1M (Ka
CH3COOH 1x 10-5)
Answer:
CH3COONa is a salt formed from ………
Question Calculate pH of :
5. NaOCl solution 0.5M (Ka HOCl 3x 10-8)
6. 26.75 g NH4Cl (Mr 53.5) in 5 L solution (Kb NH4OH 1 x
10-5)
7. 1.764 g NaCN (Mr 49) in 1.5 L solution (Ka HCN 5x10-10)
8. 1.2 g CH3COOH (Mr 60; Ka 1 x 10-5) is reacted with 0.08
g NaOH (Mr 40)
9. 125 mL NH4OH 0.2 M is reacted with 125 mL HCl 0.2 M
Kb NH4OH 1 x 10-5)