LATIN REABER-/

CONSISTING OF SELECTIONS FROM

PHiEDKUS, CiESAE, CURTIUS, NEPOS, SALLUST, OVID,

VIRGIL, PLAUTUS, TERENCE, CICERO,

PLINY,

AND TACITUS.

Reader.

Pao^e
,,

271, note to line

88,

add Quseqyie,
i..

(ind

whaf?

286, note to line 114, read 4,

177, under sortior, 178,
183,
,,

6.

VoCAB.

Page
,, ,,

add

possei^s,

sportula, add allowance.

,,

sufnamen, read

inis,

C;AJ>li3i:{lJJUii,

MABS.

,^^1V *

'^'V^

Lihrar\
BOSTON:
CHICAQO: PRED
B.

'^^^^Califcr^

PUBLISHED BY EDWIN GINN.

GINN.

1869.

LATIN READERf
CONSISTIKG OF SELECTIONS FEOM

PHiEDRUS, CiESAR, CURTIUS, NEPOS, SALLUST, OVID, VIRGIL, PLAUTUS, TERENCE, CICERO,
PLINY,

AND TACITUS.

^V
PKEPAKED BY

..^ N

WILLIAM

F.

ALLEN,
\>

A.M.,

PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT LANGUAGES AND HISTOKY IN THE

UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN

JOSEPH

H.

ALLEN,

CAMBRIDGE, MASS,

J^^%^

^^

Lihrary
PUBLISHED BY EDWIN GINN.
CHICAGO: FRED
B.

GINN.

1869.

Entered accorcling
J.

to

Act of Congress,

in the year 1869,

by

11.

AND W.

F.

ALLEN,

lii

the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United Statcs for

the District of Massachusetts.

CAMBRIDGK

PRES8 OF JOHN WILSON AND SON.

PKEFAOE./W^

OuR

first object

iii

tlie

preparation of

tliis

Reader, has

been to furnish for beginners a sufficient easiest and most interesting reading-matter to be found We have considered that, in purely classical writers. after a few month's careful training in the elements of
the tongue,
winter, were specially designed,

amount of the

which the" Lessons," pubKshed last a good deal of time may best be devoted to mere translation, with the object of practising what has been ah^eady learned, rather than of acquiring a greater mass of purely theogiving the most careful attention retical knowledge
for

to accuracy, but leaving the nicer points of

for later study, except

grammar

be had, so as to

memory fresh. who may prefer to use this as a drill-book, and of classes that may have no more extended course of Latin study in view, we have given copious references to the Grammar, covering nearly every point after the paradigms of verbs in general, referring to each principle of syntax once, and only once, or, if a second time, then
;

an occasional parsing lesson keep the learner in practice and the For the sake, however, of teachers

simply as the best way of giving help in a

passage.

difficult

VI

PREFACE.
In order to
facilitatc, in

some degrcc,

tlic

faniiliar

acquisition of so difficult a language as Latin,

we

liave

employed in tliis book tliose helps to the eye of accents and " digraphs," which the custom of three centuries has sanctioned, and which even the practised reader will not always disdain. In the Grammar and Lessons, which are supposed to be studied under the constant
direction of the teacher,

we

preferred to dispense with

little

these aids, that so the pupil, at the cost of a

more

pains at starting, might be prepared to take up what-

ever edition of the classics might

for the special uses of this vohime,

be found serviceable.

come to his hand we think they will In orthography, we have on

still

principle admitted considerable freedom as to points

which may be regarded as

unsettled

in gcneral

keeping to the best reccnt authorities, but aiming to

habituate the eye of the student to those varieties of

speUing he
editions.

is likely

to

meet in a variety of authors and

For the sake of those schools and classes to which the Reader comprises, practically, all the Latin ever expected to be learned, we have desired that this volume might enlarge and not behttle the notion of what The best a classic language and Hterature mean.
justification

of classical

study, after

all,

is

not

its

value as a

mere means
scientific

of mental discipline, for which

to so large
it

modern and

methods are
its

an ex-

tent coming to take that discipline with

place

but that

combines

some guiding of the mind towards the higher interpretation of history, and the deeper
lessons of
class

name
is

human life. in Eoman

Witli this view, every

literature, excepting
;

first-

Livy and
special

Horace,

represented in this collection

and

care has been taken, both in text and notes, to

make

PREFACE.
it

Vll

lielp

towards a clear view of the course of

its

Roman

empire, at
to Trajan.

have given,
Christians

most critical Nor will it be lield void of interest, that we from Tacitus, Pliny and Suetonius, every
while, in Yirgirs " Pollio,"

periods, from Scipio down

notice to be found in classical antiquity of the early

;

and Cicero's
is

correspondence with his friend Sulpicius,

afforded

some hint of the level which the most cultivated Pagan thought had attained on religious themes. While the reading most in vogue for beginners has
its rhetorical composought, by famiUar have sition and literary dialect, we letters and dramatic dialogue, to show it as a Uving

of late presented Latin chiefiy in

tongue dealing with real things. The drollery and fun of Plautus, the graver humor of Tercnce, the easy and cheerful courtesy of Pliny's letters, the downright
hard-hitting of Marius's speech before the people,
to us a

seem weary and dreary narrative of the " Gallic War," as most boys
most desirable substitute
for the
it.

find

And

while, in the case of Cicero, a vein of

insincerity runs through

most of his formal writings, even in his philosophical dialogues, where he tries to persuade himself that he is a single-minded searcher for truth, his letters bring us into an other atmosphere.

His fond. domestic

feeling, the despair of his exile, his

frank pride in his public welcome back, and his heavy heart refusing to be comforted after his daughter's death, show him in a more genuine and manlier way

than the elaborate false pleading of the " Milo," or the polished hollow compHment of the " Marcellus." In the preparation of the text and notes, we have

had in mind the needs of young students, not of mafoUowing the best editions within our ture scholars reach, and carefully comparing the more important
;

Vlll

PREFACE.

various readings, while

cal editing of our

making no pretensions

to criti-

own.*

We

liave aimed, in the notes,

not to depart from the immediate nceds of the boj or

girl of

fifteen, for
;

whose use

this

volume

is

especially

designed

desiring to help the student do his work,

not to do his work for

ple of construction

him

seldom translating a pasit

sage, but preferring to call his attention to the princi-

involved, and then leave

;

for

him

to

make

ont the meaning for himself

consulting

freely the great historians, chiefly Grote,

Mommsen,

and Merivale, but forbearing to load the page with masses of mere information, however interesting. In preparing the Vocabulary, we have thought best, for many reasons, to make its range broad enough to cover the whole body of classical Roman literature, rather than any single selection of authors. For this object it has been read twice with every article in Andrews's large Lexicon, and most of it, besides, with the much more copious one of White and Riddle. To bring it within the compass of two hundred pages has required, besides the careful packing of each page and
line,

very large omissions.

In particular,

many

classes

of derivations and compounds, occurring rarely, or

else quite obvious in their

meaning
woids of

numerous words
late

used in a purely technical sense by legists, grammarians,

and naturalists

or doubtful

for Pliaedrus,

* Besides numerous American school editions, we have cliiefly used Kaschig and SiebeHs for Caesar, Doberenz for Curfor Saltius, Zumpt, whose critical edition we have mainlj followed lust, Jacobs and Long; for Ovid, Ilaupt in the Metamorphoses, liamsay, Paley and Siebelis in tlie Fasti for Virgil, Ladewig for Cicero's Epistles, Frey, Hofmann, Hoffa, and Abeken (Merivale's
;

In a few cases we have version) for Tacitus, Nipperdey and Eitter. referred [" Hb."] to the " Handbook of Classical Geography, &c.,pre;

pared by T. P. and

W.

F. Allen."

PREFACE.
autliority, or else

IX
curiosities
to-

mere archseological

with a few terms or meaiiiugs rejected ou the score of deceucy, have been freely omitted. With
getlier

this qualificatiou,

and combinations as we have given here on a single page, ueed uever be at a loss for the meaning or inflection of auy word he is Ukely to meet in any classical author from Plautus to Tacitus while this Vocabulary will be found peculiarly rich in terms of common hfe. It
of derivative forms
;

been taught so

we much

think that the learner

who has

includes about 15,000 words, with the

addition of

about 1,300 proper names or adjectives and more than

ient

200 dates, carefuUy selected, so as to make a convenmanual of reference, both as to the main points
antiquities

numerous matters of and poUtics), and as to those mythological allusions, which may be called the common
of ancient history (including

Eoman

In this way, we have keep before the learner's eye some hint of the wealth and variety in diction of the language he is
stock of classical traditioii.
to

aimed

studying

while his judgment in the use of

it

will be
list

better trained than by servile reliance

on a mere

of words,

however copious and redundant, prepared

convenience only.
before the public contain
sufficient

for his present

The three volumes now

what may be regarded as a complete and

course of Latin study for those

who
;

desire only a gen-

ularly designed for those classes in

and more particAcademies and High or Normal schools, which may be presumed able to give only one or two years to classical study. To
eral acquaintance with the language

such,

it

will be a tolerably full course of reading in

it-

self ; and, to others,

a sufficient preparation for the

many

excellent editions of standard authors in current use.

X
For the aid of
tliose

PREFACE.

who

quaintaiice with the language,

knowledge, from original

period of

more critical acand a more intimate sources, of the most eventful

desire a

Roman

history,

we have

in preparation a
for

Manual
to be

of Latin Composition,

which may be looked

within a year, and an edition of Cesar's Civil War,

amply

illustrated

from the history and writings

of his

own

time.

Cambridge, Massachusetts.
August, 1869;

Lihrary.

LATIN READER,

FABLES OF PH^DRUS.

I.

Z><?

K^/Z^e et

Uvd.

Fam^ coacta viilpes alta in vinea Uvam appetebat summis saliens viribus. Quam tangere ut non p6tuit, discedens ait
est, n61o acerbam sumere." non p6ssunt verbis elevant, Adscribere hoc debebunt exempliim sibi.

" Nondiim matura

Qiii facere quse

II.

Vulpes

et

Hircus.

Homo fn periclum simul ac venit callidus, Reperire eftugium alterius quasrit malo.

Cum
Et

decidisset viilpes in

puteum

inscia,

altiore claiideretur

margine,

Devenit hircus

sitiens in

eundem locum
Hquor
:

Simiil rogavit, esset an dulcis

Et c6piosus ?
Voluptas ut

Illa

fraudem m6Hens
;

" Descende, amice

satiari

tanta bonitas est aquae,

possit

non

mea."
10

Immisit se barbatus.

Tum

vulpecula

Evasit puteo, nixa celsis c6rnibus,

Hirciimque clauso hquit hserentem vado.

LATIN READER.

III.

Lupus
et

et

Agnus.

Ad
Sitf

rfvum eundem lupus

inferior agnus.

agnus v^nerant,
fauce fmproba

compulsi.

Superior stabat lupus

Longeque

Tunc

Latro fncitatus, jurgii causam " Cur," fnquit, " turbulentam

fntulit

Aquam

bibenti

"

fecistf mihi Laniger contra timens

5
:

" Qui p6ssum, quseso, facere quod quererfs, lupe?

A te decurrit ad meos haustiis liquor."

Repulsus
''

ille v^ritatis

vfribus,
ait,

Ante h6s sex menses male,"

:

" dixistf mihi."

lo

Resp6ndit agnus " Equidem natus n6n eram." " Pater hercule tuus," fnquit, " male dixft mihi

Atque

fta correptum lacerat injusta nece." Haec pr6pter illos scrfpta est homines fabula, Qui ffctis causis fnnocentes 6pprimunt.

15

IV.

Vipera

et

Lima.
adpetit,

Mordaciorem qui fmprobo dente

Hoc argumento

se describi sentiat.

In 6fficinam fabri venit vfpera.

Haec, ciim tentarety

Limam

sf qua res ess^t cibi, momordit. Illa contra c6ntumax, " Quid me," fnquit, " stulta, dente captas laedere, Omne ddsuevi ferrum quae corr6dere ? "

V.

Canis

et Crocodilus.

Consflia qui dant prava cautis h6minibus,

Et p^rdunt operam et deridentur Canes currentes bfbere in Nilo

Igitiir

tiirpiter.

fliimine,
est.

A c6rcodilis ne rapiantur, traditum

cum

currens bfbere ccepisset canis,

;:

t^ABLES OF
Sic c6rcodilus
:

PH^DRUS.
lambe
6tio,

"

Quam
ille
:

libet

Noli vereri."

At

" Facerem

me

h(^rcule,

Nisi esse sclrem carnis te cupidiim meae."

VI.

Muli

et

Latrones,

MuK gi*avati
Unus
Ille,

sarcinis ibant

duo
;

ferebat fiscos

cum

peciinia

Alter tumentes multo saccos h6rdeo.

6nere dives, celsa cervice eminet,

collo jactat tintinnabulum
;

Clarumque

Comes

quieto sc^quitur et placid6 gradu.

Subit6 latrones ex insidiis advolant,

Interque caedem ferro
Diripiunt

mulum

saiiciant
vile

nummos, ndgligunt
alter,

h6rdeum.
10
;

Spoliatus igitur casus ciim fleret suos,

" Equidem," inquit

"

me contemptum gaudeo
tenuitas

Nam

nihil amisi,

nec

sum

laesus vulnere."

Hoc argumento

tiita est

hominum

Magnae periclo sunt opes obn^xiae.

Calvus

VII.

et

Musca.

Calvf momordit miisca nudatum caput

opprimere captans alapam sibi duxit gravem, " Piinctum volucris pdrvulae irridens Voluisti morte ulcisci quid facies tibi, " Injiiriae qui addideris contumeliam ? Resp6ndit " Mecum facile redeo in grdtiam, Qiiia n6n fuisse mentem Isedendf scio Sed te, contempti generis animal fmprobum, Quae d^lectaris bfbere humanum sdnguinem,

Quam
Tunc

illa

Optem necare v^l majore inc6mmodo." Hoc argumentum veniam ei darf docet,
Qui casu peccat.

Id

Nam

qui consilio ^st nocens,

jiidico.

Illum esse qudvis dignum poena

LATIN READER.

VIII.

Homo

et Colubra.

Qui

fert

malis auxilium, post tempiis doiet.

Gelii rigentem

quidam colubram

sustulit.

Sinuque

fovit,

c6ntra se ipse misericors

Namque
Hanc

ut refecta est, necuit

hominem

pr6tinus.

alia cimi rogaret

:

causam

fdcinoris,

Resp6ndit

"

Ne

quis discat prodesse improbis."

IX.

Asinus ad Senem Pastorem.

In prfncipatu

Nil pr^eter domini

c6mmutando civium n6men mutant pauperes.

pascebat senex.

Id esse verum, pai^va haec fabella indicat.

AseUum
Is,

in prato tfmidus

li6stium clam6re subito territus,

fiigere,

Suadebat asino

ne possent capi.

At

" Qtiaeso, num binas mihi impositurum victorem putas?" Senex negavit. "Ergo quid refert mea, Cui serviam } clitellas dum portem meas."
ille

lentus

Clitellas

10

X.

Lupus

et

Gruis.

Bis peccat

Qui pretium meriti ab improbis desiderat, primum qu6niam indignos adjuvat Impiine abire deinde quia jam n6n potest.
:

Os devoratum

faiice

cum

haereret lupi,

Magn6

dolore victus coepit singulos

Illicere pretio, ut illud extraherent

malum,

Tandem

persuasa est jurejurand6 gruis,

c611i

GuliEque credens

longitiidinem,

Periculosam

medicinam lupo. Pro qu6 cum pactum flagitaret praemium

fecit

lo

" Ingrata es," inquit, " 6re quse nostr6 caput

Inc61ume

abstuleris, et

mercedem

p6stules."

: : :

FABLES OF PH^DRUS.

XI.

Socrates

ad Amicos.

Vulgare amici n6men, sed rara est fides. Ciim parvas aedes sibi fundasset S6crates, (Cujiis non fugio m6rtem, si famam adsequar, Et c6do invidiaB, dummodo absolvar cinis) E p6pulo sic, nescfo quis, ut fieri solet " Qiiaes6 tam angustam, talis vir, ponis domum?" " '' Utinam," fnquit, " veris hanc amicis impleam
!

XII.

Gtibernator et Nautce.

Cum d^ fortunis qufdam quereretur suis -^s6pus finxit c6nsolandi gratia Vexdta saevis ndvis tempestatibus, Inter vectorum Idcrimas et mortis metum, Faciem dd serenam siibito ut mutatiir dies,
:

Ferri secundis

tiita

coepit flatibus,

Nimiaque nautas

hflaritate ext611ere.

Factiis periclo tiim gubernat6r sophus

" Parce gaudere op6rtet, et sensim queri,

Totam

quia vitam miscet dolor et gaiidium."

lo

XIII.

y^sopus

et

Petulans.

Successus ad perniciem multos devocat.

yEs6po quidam petulans lapidem impegerat.

" Tanto," inquit, " melior " Assem deinde illi dedit, Sic pr6secutus " Pliis non habeo meh6rcule,
!

Sed unde accipere p6ssis, monstrab6 tibi." Venit ecce dives et potens huic similiter
;

" Impf nge lapidem, et clignum accipies prasmium."

Persuasus

ille fecit, quod monitiis fuit Sed spes fefellit fmpudentem audaciam: Comprensus namque poenas persolvft crucc.

lo^

LATIN READER.

XIV.

Rana Rupta

et

Bos.

Indps, potentem diim vult imitari, perit.

In prato

quondam rana
inflavit

conspexit bovem,

Et, tacta invidia tdntse magnitiidinis,

Rug6sam
lili

pellem.

Tum

nat6s suos

Interrogavit, an bove esset latior?

negarunt.
;

Rursus

Maj6re nisu et simili "Qiiis major esset?" Novissime indigndta, dum vult validius
Inflare sese, riipto jacuit c6rpore.

cutem quaesivit modo, Illi dixeriint, bovem.

intendit

10
Petentes.

XV. Rance

Regem

Athdnce

cum

florerent aequis legibus,

Procax libertas civitatem miscuit, Freniimque solvit pristinum licentia.

Hinc

c6nspiratis factionum partibus,

Arcem

tyrannus 6ccupat Pisistratus.

sed

Cum
Non

tristem servitutem flerent Attici,

quia crudelis

ille,

quoniam grave
rettulit:

Omne

insuetis 6nus, et cocpissent queri

yEs6pus talem tum fabellam

Ranae, vagantes liberis paliidibus,

10

Clam6re magno regem petiere a Jove, Qui dissolutos m6res vi compesceret. Pater deorum risit, atque illis dedit Parvum tigillum, missum quod subit6 vadis Motii sonoque terruit pnvidum genus.

15

Hoc mersum

limo

cum

lateret diutius,

Forte lina tacite pr6fert e stagn6 daput,

Et ^xplorato rege cunctas evocat.

Illae,

timore p6sito, certatim adnatant,

tiirba

Ligniimque supra

petulans

insilit.

20

Qiiod ciim inquinassent 6mni contumelia,

FABLES OF PH^DRUS.
Aliiim rogantes regem misere ad Jovem,

quoniam esset, qui fuerat datus. illis hydrum, qui dente aspero Corripere coepit singulas. Frustra necem Fugitant inertes v6cem prsecludit metus. Furtim igitur dant Merciirio mandata ad Jovem,
Iniitilis

Tum

misit

25

Afflictis ut succurrat.

Tunc contra deus " Qiiia n61uistis vestrum ferre," inquit, '' bonum,
:

Maiiim

perferte."

Hoc

siistlnete,

V6s quoque, o cives, majus ne veniat, malum.

ait,

30

XVI. Scurra. et Rusticus.

Prav6 favore

labi mortales solent,

Et, pr6 judicio diim stant erroris sui,

Ad

poenitendum rebus manifestis agi.

Factiirus ludos

quidam dives n6biles

5

Prop6sito cunctos invitavit praemio,

Qiiam qufsque posset, lit novitatem ost^nderet. Venere artifices laiidis ad certamina
Qiios inter scurra, n6tus urban6 sale,

Habere

dixit se

genus spectaculi,
foret.

Qiiod in theatro niimquam prolatiim

Dispersus rumor civitatem c6ncitat.

10

PauUo

ante vacua tiirbam deficiiint loca.

c6nstitit,

In scena vero p6stquam solus

Sine apparatu,
Silentium ipsa
Ille in

niillis

adjut6ribus,

fecit exspectatio.

15

sinum repente dimisit caput,

Et

sfc porcelli
lit

v6cem

est imitatiis sua,

Verum

subesse pallio cont^nderent,

Et excuti juberent.

Quo

fact6,

simul

Nihil est repertum, miiltis onerant laiidibus,

20

Hominemque plausu pr6sequuntur maximo. Hoc vidit fieri riisticus. " Non meh6rcule

Me

vincet " inquit

et statim professus est,

"

LATIN READER.
se postridie.

Idem facturum m^lius

Fit tiirba major.

Jam

favor meiites tenet,

25

Et

derisuri,

non

spectaturi, sedent.

Uterque prodit.

Scurra degrunnit prior,

et

Movetque plausus,

clamores

suscitat.

Tunc simulans

sese vestimentis rusticus

Porcellum obtegere (qu6d faciebat scilicet, Sed, in priore quia nil compererant, latens),
Pei-\-ellit aurem vero, quem celaverat, Et cum dolore v6cem naturae exprimit. Acclamat populus, sciirram multo similius

30

Imitatum, et cogit, rusticum trudi

foras.

35

At ille profert ipsum porcellum e sinu, Turpemque aperto pignore error^m probans
"

En

hic declarat, quales

sitis jiidices

XVII.

Cervus

et

Boves.

Cervus nemorosis excitatus

latibulis,

Ut v^natorum fugeret instantem necem, Caec6 timore pr6ximam villam petit,

Et 6pportuno se bovili c6ndidit. Hic b6s latenti " Quidnam voluistf tibi, Infelix, ultro qui ad necem cucurreris,
:

5
'*

Hominumque tecto spiritum commiseris ? At ille supplex " V6s modo," fnquit, " parcite Occasione rursus erumpam data."
:

Spatiiim diei n6ctis excipiiint vices.

10

Frondem bubulcus

ddfert,

nec ide6 videt.

rustici,

Eiint subinde et redeunt

omnes

Nemo
Nec

animadvertit

transit

etiam

vfllicus,

ille

quidquam

s^ntit.

Tum

gaudens ferus
15

Bubus quietis agere coepit gratias, Hospitium adverso qu6d prgestiterint tempore. Resp6ndit unus " Salvum te cupimiis quidem Sed ille, qui oculos centum habet, si venerit,
:

FABLES OF PH^DRUS.

Magno
Haec

fn periclo vita vertetiir tua."

fnter ipse

d6minus a cena
:

redit

20
est?

Et, quia corruptos viderat nuper boves,

Accedit ad praesepe

" Cur frondis

?

parum

Stramenta desunt.

T611ere haec aranea,

"

Quantum

est laboris

Diim

scrutatur singula,

Cervi quoque alta c6nspicatur c6rnua

25

Quem

c6nvocata

jiibet occidi familia,

Praedamque

toUit.

Haec

significat fabula,

Dominiim videre plurimum

XVIII.

in rebus suis.

Mus Urbamis

et

Rusticus,

Hospftio

quondam
vili

miis urbanus rustici

Exceptus

gldnde cenat in cavo.

Indiixit precibus p6st ut

urbem

riisticus

Cellamque intraret plenam rebus 6ptimis. In qua dum variis perfruuntur reliquiis,
Impiilso venit 6stio cellarius.

Quo
Et

miires strepitu diffugiunt perterriti,

n6tis facile

urbanus

se condit cavis

At miser

ignota trepidans rusticiis

domo
10

Timensque mortem, per parietes Ut quae volebat siistulit cellarius,

;

ciirsitat.

Clausitque limen, iterum urbanus riisticum

Hortatur ille perturbatis sensibus, " Vix," inquit, " possum capere prae metii cibum.

Putasne veniet ille?" " Quid tantiim times?" Urbanus inquit " age fruamur ferculis,
;

15

Qiiae friistra rure qu^eras."

Contra

riisticus

Tu qui timere nescis At me securum pascat

"

fruere his

6mnibus
20

glans et liberum."

In paiipertate tiitum praestat vivere,

Quam

dfvitiarum carpi solitiidine.

lO

LATIN READER.

XIX.

Naufragium Simonidis.

Homo

d6ctus in se semper divitias habet.

Sim6nides, qui scripsit egregium melos, Quo paupertatem sustineret facilius,

Circuire coepit lirbes Asiai n6biles,

Mercede accepta laudem victorum canens, IIoc genere quaestus p6stquam locuples factus
Redire in patriam v61uit cursu pelagio Erat autem natus, ut aiunt, in Cea insula.
;

5
est,

Adscendit navem

quam

tempestas h6rrida
10

Simul

et vetustas
illi

medio

dissolvit mari.

Hi

z6nas,

res pretiosas c611igunt,

:

Subsidium vitas. Qin'dam curi6sior " Sim6nide, tu ex 6pibus nil sumis tuis.^"

"Mecum,"

inquit, "

mea

sunt cuncta."

Tunc pauci
15

enatant,

Qiiia pliires onere degravati perierant.

Praed6nes adsunt, rapiunt quod quisque extulit, Nud6s relinquunt. F6rte Clazomenae prope

Antiqua fuit urbs, quam petierunt naiifragi. Hic litterarum quidam studio deditus,
Sim6nidis qui saspe versus legerat, Eratque absentis admirator maximus,

20

Serm6ne ab

ipso c6gnitum cupidissime

;

Ad

se recepit

veste,

nummis,

filmilia

Hominem

exornavit.

Ceteri tabulam

suam
2<^

Portant, rogantes vfctum.

Sim6nides ut

vidit

Qiios casu 6bvios " Dixi," inquit, " mea

Mecum

esse cuncta

v6s quod rapuistis, perit."

11.

JULIUS C^SAR.

I.

First Invasion of Britain,

(B.C. SS-^

[From C^sar's Gallic

War

Book IV. Chapters

20-36.]

Exigua parte agstatis reliqua Cassar, etsi in his quod omnis Gallia ad septemtriones vergit, mciturse sunt hiemes, tamen in Britanniam proficisci contendit, quod omnibus fere GalHcis belHs
locis,

hostibus nostris inde subministrata auxilia intelhg^si tempus anni ad beUum gerendum deficeret, tamen magno sibi usui fore arbitrabatur si modo insulam adisset et genus hominum perspexisset, loca, portus, aditus cognovisset quae omnia fere GalHs erant incognita. Neque enim temere praeter mercatores iUo adit quisquam, neque his ipsis quidquam praster oram maritimam atque eas regiones quse sunt contra GaHias notum est. Itaque vocatis ad se undique mercatoribus, neque quanta esset insulas magnitudo, neque quae aut quantge nationes incolerent, neque quem usum beHi haberent aut quibus institutis uterentur, neque qui essent ad majorum navium

bat, et

multitudinem idonei portus, reperire poterat.

Ad
ret,

haec cognoscenda, priusquam periculum facearbitratus C.

idoneum esse
praemittit.

longa

Volusenum cum navi Huic mandat uti exploratis omnirevertatur.

bus rebus ad se

quam primum

Ipse

cum

12

LATIN READER.
copiis in

omnibus

Morinos

proficiscitur,

quod inde

erat brevissimus in Britanniam trajectus.

ves undique ex finitimis regionibus, et

jubet convenire.

Huc naquam superi-

ore aestate ad Veneticum bellum effecerat classem,

Interim consilio ejus cognito, et

per mercatores perlato ad Britannos, a compluribus

insulag civitatibus

ad

eum

legati veniunt, qui pollice-

antur obsides dare

atque imperio populi

Romani

obtemperare.

Quibus

auditis, liberaliter pollicitus

hortatusque ut in ea sententia permanerent, eos do-

mum
et

una Commium, quem ipse Atrebatibus superatis regem ibi constituerat, cujus
remittit, et
iis

cum

virtutem et consilium probabat, et

quem

sibi fide-

lem esse arbitrabatur, cujusque auctoritas in his regionibus magni habebatur, mittit. Huic imperat
quas possit adeat civitates, horteturque ut populi Romani fidem sequantur, seque celeriter eo venturum nuntiet. Volusenus perspectis regionibus

omnibus quantum
to die

ei

facultas dari potuit, qui navi

egredi ac se barbaris committere non auderet, quin-

ad Caesarem revertitur jquasque

. . .

ibi

perspexis-

set renuntiat.

His constitutis rebus, nactus idoneam ad navigantempestatem, tertia fere vigiHa solvit, equitesque in ulteriorem portum progredi et naves conscendere et se sequi jussit. A quibus cum paulo tardius esset administratum, ipse hora circiter diei quarta cum primis navibus Britanniam attigit, atque ibi in omnibus coUibus expositas hostium copias armatas conspexit. Cujus loci haec erat natura, atque ita montibus angustis mare continebatur, uti ex locis Hunc ad superioribus in htus telum adigi posset. egrediendum nequaquam idoneum locum arbitratus,

dum

JULIUS C^SAR.

13

dum nam

reliquae

in ancoris exspectavit.

naves eo convenirent, ad horam noInterim legatis tribuet

nisque

militum convocatis,

quae

cognosset et quas fieri vellet ostendit;

rei militaris ratio,

ex Voluseno monuitque (ut

maxime
et

ut maritimae res postula-

rent,

ut

quas

celerem

atque

instabilem

motum
iis

haberent) ad nutum
administrarentur.

ad tempus omnes res ab

His dimissis, et ventum et aestum uno tempore nactus secundum, dato signo et sublatis ancoris, circiter miHa passuum vii ab eo loco progressus, aperto ac pLano Htore naves constituit.

At

barbari, consiHo

Romanorum

cognito, prae-

misso equitatu
nostros

et essedariis,

quo plerumque genere

reHquis copiis subsecuti

in proeHis uti consuerunt,

navibus egredi prohibebant.

Erat ob has

causas

summa

difficuHas,

gnitudinem
et

nisi in alto

quod naves propter maconstitui non poterant, miHtimanibus,

bus autem ignotis

gravi onere

locis, impeditis

magno

armorum

oppressis, simul et de navi-

bus desiHendum
hostibus erat

paulum
ditis,

in

et in fluctibus consistendum et cum pugnandum cum iHi aut ex arido aut aquam progressi, omnibus membris expe;

notissimis

locis

audacter tela conjicerent, et

equos insuefactos incitarent.

perterriti,
riti,

Quibus rebus

nostri

atque hujus omnino generis pugnas impealacritate ac studio qiio in pedestri-

non eadem
uti proeHis

bus

consuerant utebantur.
Csesar
animadvertit,

Quod

ubi

naves

longas,
et

quarum et species erat barbaris inusitatior, ad usum expeditior, paulum removeri ab

navibus
et

motus

onerariis

remis incitari

et

ad latus apertum hostium

quae res

constitui, atque inde fundis, sagittis, tormentis hostes

propeUi ac submoveri jussit

magno

usui

14
nostris fuit.

LATIN READER.

Nam

et

navium figura

et

remorum
retulerunt.

motu

et inusitato

genere tormentorum permoti bar-

bari constiterunt, ac

paulum modo pedem

Atque

nostris

militibus cunctantibus,

maxime

pro-

pter altitudinem maris, qui decimae legionis aquilam

ferebat, contestatus deos ut ea res legioni feliciter

eveniret,
tis

''

Desilite," inquit, " commilitones, nisi vul:

aquilam hostibus prodere

dixisset, se

ego certe

meum

rei

publicas atque imperatori officium prsestitero."

Hoc

cum voce magna

in hostes

ex navi

projecit, atque

aquilam ferre coepit. Tum nostri cohortati inter se, ne tantum dedecus admitteretur, universi ex navi desiluerunt. Hos item ex proximis primis navibus cum conspexissent, subsecuti hostibus appropinquarunt.

Pugnatum

est

ab utrisque

acriter.

Nostri tamen,

quod neque ordines servare, neque firmiter insistere, neque signa subsequi poterant, atque alius aHa ex navi quibuscumque signis occurrerat se aggregabat, magnopere perturbabantur hostes vero notis omnibus vadis, ubi ex Htore aHquos singulares ex navi
:

egredientes conspexerant, incitatis equis impeditos

adoriebantur, plures paucos circumsistebant, aHi ab
latere aperto in universos tela conjiciebant.

Quod

cum

animadvertisset Cassar, scaphas longarum na-

vium, item speculatoria navigia miHtibus compleri

jussit, et

quos laborantes conspexerat, his subsidia

Nostri

submittebat.
suis

simul in

arido

constiterunt,

omnibus consecutis in hostes impetum fecerunt, atque eos in fugam dederunt, neque longius prosequi potuerunt, quod equites cursum tenere atque insulam capere non potuerant. Hoc unum ad pristinam fortunam Cassari defuit.

JULIUS C^SAR.

15

receperunt,

Hostes proelio superati, simul atque se ex fuga statim ad Cassarem legatos de pace miserunt, obsides daturos quasque imperasset factu-

ros sese polliciti sunt.

Una cum

his legatis

Com-

mius Atrebas venit, quem supra demonstraveram a Caesare in Britanniam praemissum. Hunc illi e navi egressum, cum ad eos oratoris modo Cassaris mandata deferret, comprehenderant atque in vincula
conjecerant
:

tum proeHo

facto
in

remiserunt,

et

in

muhitudinem conpetenda pace ejus rei culpam tulerunt, et propter imprudentiam ut ignosceretur petiverunt. Caesar questus, quod cum uhro in continentem legatis missis pacem ab se petissent, belhim
sine causa intuHssent, ignoscere imprudentiae dixit,

obsidesque imperavit

quorum

ihi

partem statim
Interea

dederunt, partem ex longinquioribus locis arcessi-

tam paucis diebus sese daturos dixerunt.

dique convenire,
et se civitatesque

suos remigrare in agros jusserunt, principesque un-

suas Caesari com-

mendare coeperunt.
His rebus pace confirmata, post diem quartum in Britanniam ventum, naves xviii, de quibus supra demonstratum est, quae equites sustuleQuae rant, ex superiore portu leni vento solverunt. cum appropinquarent Britanniae et ex castris vide-

quam"est

rentur, tanta

tempestas subito coorta est ut nuUa

posset, sed aHae

earum cursum tenere

tem
sui

eodem unde

erant profectae referrentur, aHae ad inferiorem parinsulee, quae est propius soHs

occasum, magno

cum

periculo dejicerentur, necessario adversa

nocte in

ahum provectae continentem petierunt. Eadem nocte accidit ut esset luna plena, qui

dies

maritimos asstus maximos in Oceano efficere consue-

l6
vit,

LATIN READER.
nostrisque id erat incognitum.
Ita

uno tempore

et

longas naves, quibus Caesar exercitum transporin

aridum subduxerat, estus complebat, et onerarias que ad ancoras erant deligatae tempestas afflictabat, neque ulla nostris
facultas

tandum curaverat, quasque

aut

administrandi aut auxiliandi dabatur.

fractis,

Compluribus navibus

reliquae

cum

essent

(funibus ancoris reliquisque armamentis amissis) ad

navigandum
accidere)

inutiles,

magna
aliag

(id

quod necesse
facta

erat
est.

totius

exercitus

perturbatio

Neque enim naves

sent,
et

erant

quibus reportari pos-

omnia deerant quai ad reficiendas naves et quod omnibus constabat hiemari in Gallia oportere, frumentum his in locis in hiemem provisum non erat. Quibus rebus cognitis, principes Britanni^, qui post proelium ad Caesarem convenerant, inter se collocuti cum equites et naves et frumentum Romanis
erant usui
;

deesse intelHgerent, et paucitatem

mihtum ex

castro-

rum

exiguitate cognoscerent, quae hoc erant etiam

angustiora quod sine impedimentis Cassar legiones

optimum factu esse duxerunt rebelcommeatuque nostros prohibere, et rem in hiemem producere quod, his superatis aut reditu interclusis, neminem postea belli inferendi
transportaverat,
lione facta frumento
;

causa in Britanniam transiturum confidebant. Itaque rursus conjuratione facta, paulatim ex castris discedere, ac suos clam ex agris deducere coeperunt.

At Cassar, etsi nondum eorum consilia cognoverat, tamen et ex eventu navium suarum, et ex eo quod obsid-es dare intermiserant, fore id quod accidit suspicabatur. Itaque ad omnes casus subsidia com-

JULIUS C^SAR.
parabat.

17
in

Nam

et

frumentum ex agris quotidie

afflictas

castra conferebat, et quae gravissime

erant

naves, earum materia atque sere ad reliquas reficien-

das utebatur,
tinenti

et quse

ad eas res erant usui ex conjubebat.

comportari

Itaque

cum summo

studio a militibus administraretur, xii navibus amissis, reliquis

ut navigari

commode

posset effecit.

Dum
cum

ea geruntur, legione ex consuetudine una

frumentatum missa, quas appellabatur septima, neque ulla ad id tempus belli suspicione interposita,
pars

hominum

in agris remaneret, pars etiam

ii

in castra ventitaret,

qui pro portis castrorum in

statione erant Caesari nuntiaverunt pulverem majo-

rem quam consuetudo

in

ferret in ea parte videri,

quam

partem legio

iter fecisset.

C^esar id quod erat

suspicatus, aliquid novi a barbaris initum consilii,

cohortes quas in stationibus erant

secum

in

eam

par-

tem

ex reHquis duas in stationem cohortes succedere, reliquas armari et confestim sese subseproficisci,

qui jussit.

Cum

paulo longius a castris processisset,

et

suos ab hostibus premi atque aggre sustinere,

ferta legione

con-

madvertit.

ex omnibus partibus tela conjici aniNam quod, omni ex rehquis partibus

demesso frumento, pars una erat reliqua, suspicati hostes huc nostros esse venturos, noctu in silvis delituerant tum dispersos, depositis armis in metendo
;

occupatos subito adorti, paucis interfectis, rehquos

incertis ordinibus perturbaverant, simul equitatu at-

que essedis circumdederant. Genus hoc est essedis pugnse

rore

primo per omnes

partes perequitant, et tela conjiciunt, atque ipso ter-

equorum

et strepitu

rotarum ordines plerumque

2

perturbant, et

cum

se inter equitum turmas insinu-

l8

LATIN READER.

averunt, ex essedis desiliunt et pedibus proeliantur. Aurigas interim paulatim ex proelio excedunt, atque ita currus collocant, ut si illi a multitudine hostium

premantur expeditum ad suos receptum habeant. Ita mobilitatem equitum, stabiHtatem peditum in proeHis prasstant ac tantum usu quotidiano et exer;

citatione efficiunt, uti in decHvi

incitatos

ac praecipiti loco

equos sustinere,

et brevi

moderari ac

fle-

ctere et per
et se

temonem

percurrere, et in jugo insistere

inde in currus citissime recipere consuerint.

Quibus rebus, perturbatis nostris novitate pugnae, tempore opportunissimo Csesar auxiHum tuHt namque ejus adventu hostes constiterunt, nostri se ex timore receperunt. Quo facto ad lacessendum et ad committendum proeHum aHenum esse tempus arbitratus, suo se loco continuit, et brevi tempore in;

termisso

in

castra

legiones reduxit.

Dum

hasc

geruntur, nostris omnibus occupatis, qui erant in

agris

reHqui discesserunt.

Secutas sunt continuos

compluros dies tempestates, quae et nostros in castris continerent, et hostem a pugna prohiberent.
Interim barbari nuntios in

omnes

partes dimiserunt,

paucitatemque nostrorum miHtum suis praedicaverunt, et quanta praedae faciendae atque in

sui

perpetuum
castris

Hberandi facultas daretur,

si

Romanos

magna

expuHssent, demonstraverunt. multitudine peditatus equitatusque coacta, ad

castra venerunt.

His rebus

celeriter

Caesar

etsi

idem quod superioribus diebus accidesi

rat fore videbat, ut

essent hostes pulsi, celeritate

periculum effugerent, tamen nactus equites circiter XXX, quos Commius Atrebas, de quo ante dictum est, secum transportaverat, legiones in acie pro ca-

JULIUS C^SAR.
stris constituit.

19

Commisso proelio, diutius nostrorum impetum hostes ferre non potuerunt, ac Quos tanto spatio secuti quantum terga verterunt.
militum
cursu
et viribus efficere

potuerunt, complures ex

iis

occiderunt; deinde, omnibus longe lateque

incensis, se in castra receperunt.

aedificiis

Eodem

die legati ab hostibus missi

de pace venerunt. quem ante imperaverat dupHcavit, eosque in continentem adduci jussit, quod propinqua die asquinoctii,

ad Caesarem His Caesar numerum obsidum

infirmis navibus hiemi navigationem subjicien-

dam non
quas

existimabat.

Ipse idoneam tempestatem

solvit,

nactus, paulo post

mediam noctem naves

omnes incolumes ad continentem pervenerunt iis onerariae duae eosdem quos rehqui portus capere non potuerunt, et paulo infira delatae sunt.
sed ex
2.

Second Invasion of Britain,

(B.C. 54.)
[Book V. Chapters
8-23.]

His
et leni

rebus

gestis,

sohs

occasu
et

naves
longius

solvit,

Africo provectus, media circiter nocte vento

intermisso

cursum

non

tenuit

dela-

tus asstu, orta luce sub sinistra

Britanniam rehctam

conspexit.
tus,

Tum
Qua

rursus aestus commutationem secu-

eam partem insul^E caperet, qua optimum esse egressum superiore asstate coremis contendit ut
gnoverat.
in re

admodum

fuit

mihtum

virtus

laudanda, qui vectoriis gravibusque navigiis, non

intermisso remigandi labore, longarum

navium cur;

sum

adaequarunt.

Accessum
fere

est

omnibus navibus meridiano

ad Britanniam tempore neque in

20

LATIN READER.

eo loco hostis est visus, sed ut postea Cassar ex captivis cognovit,

cum magnse manus

visas

eo convenissent,

multitudine navium perterrite, quag amplius octingentse

uno erant

tempore, a

litore discesserant,

ac se in superiora loca abdiderant.

Caesar, exposito exercitu et
loco
castris

idoneo

capto, ubi ex captivis cognovit quo in loco hostium

copiag consedissent, cohortibus
.

x ad mare

rehctis, et

equitibus ccc qui prassidio navibus essent, de tertia

vigilia

ad hostes contendit, eo minus veritus navibus quod in litore molli atque aperto dehgatas ad ancoram reHnquebat, et pragsidio navibus Q^, Atrium
prsefecit. citer xir,

Ipse, noctu progressus

miHa passuum
est.

cir-

hostium copias conspicatus

essedis

IIH, equi-

tatu

atque

ad flumen

progressi,

ex loco

superiore nostros prohibere et proeHum committere

coeperunt.
runt,

Repulsi ab equitatu, se in silvas abdidenacti egregie et natura et opere

locum

muni-

tum,

quem

domestici beUi ut videbatur causa

;

jam

ante preeparaverarit

nam

crebris arboribus succisis

Ipsi ex silvis rari propugnabant, nostrosque intra munitiones ingredi

omnes

introitus erant praechisi.

prohibebant.
et

At miHtes

legionis vii, testudine facta

aggere ad munitiones adjecto, locum ceperunt eosque ex silvis expulerunt, paucis vulneribus acceptis.

Sed eos
loci

fugientes longius Csesar prosequi vetuit,

et

quod

diei

naturam ignorabat, et quod magna parte consumpta, munitioni castrorum tempus reHnqui

volebat.

Postridie ejus diei,

mane

tripertito

miHtes equites-

que

in

expeditionem

misit, ut eos qui fugerant per-

sequerentur.

cum

His aHquantum itineris progressis, jam extremi essent in prospectu, equites a Q^

JULIUS C^SAR.

21

Atrio ad Caesarem venerunt, qui nunciarent superiore nocte,

maxima

coorta tempestate, prope

in
litore

naves

afflictas

atque

ejectas

esse

omnes quod
;

neque ancorse funesque subsisterent, neque nautae gubernatoresque vim tempestatis pati possent itaque ex eo concursu navium dum acceptum.

magnum

esse

incommo-

His rebus cognitis, Cassar legiones equitatumque

revocari atque itinere desistere jubet, ipse ad naves
revertitur
:

eadem
reliquse

fere

quag

ex nunciis
posse

literisque
circiter

cognoverat coram perspicit,

sic ut amissis

XL navibus,
tio

tamen

refici

magno nego-

Itaque ex legionibus fabros deligit, viderentur. ex continenti.alios arcessi jubet Labieno scribit ut quam plurimas posset iis legionibus, quae sunt apud eum, naves instituat. Ipse etsi res erat multag
et
;

operae ac laboris,

tamen commodissimum esse statuit omnes naves subduci, et cum castris una munitione conjungi. In his rebus circiter dies x consumit, ne nocturnis quidem temporibus ad laborem militum
intermissis.

Subductis navibus castrisque egregie

munitis,

easdem copias* quas ante praesidio navibus reliquit ipse eodem unde redierat proficiscitur. E6 cum venisset, majores jam undique in eum locum copiae Britannorum convenerant, summa imperii
:

bellique

administrandi

communi

consilio permissa
flu-

Cassivellauno, cujus fines a maritimis civitatibus

men
ter

quod appellatur Tamesis, a mari circimilia passuum lxxx. Huic superiore tempore
dividit,

cum
rant
;

reliquis civitatibus continentia bella intercesse-

sed nostro adventu permoti Britanni hunc

incolitur,

toti

bello imperioque praefecerant.

Britannige pars interior ab

iis

quos natos

22
in insula ipsa

LATIN READER.

memoria proditum dicunt

iis

maritima

pars ab

iis

qui pragdee ac belli inferendi causa ex

Belgio transierant, qui omnes fere

civitatum appellantur, quibus
orti

nominibus

pervenerunt,

et bello illato ibi

agros colere cceperunt.

lia

ex civitatibus eo permanserunt atque Hominum est infinita mulUtuntur aut

agre,

titudo creberrimaque asdificia, fere Gallicis consimi;

pecorum magnus numerus.

aut

nummo

agreo, aut taleis ferreis

examinatis

pro

nummo.

ad certum pondus Nascitur ibi plumbum

album in mediterraneis regionibus, in maritimis ferrum, sed ejus exigua est copia aere utuntur impor:

tato.

Materia cujusque generis ut in Gallia est, praeter fagum atque abietem. Leporem et gallinam
et

anserem gustare

fas

non putant

hasc

tamen alunt

animi voluptatisque causa.

Loca sunt temperatiora

quam

in Gallia, remissioribus frigoribus.

Insula natura triquetra, cujus

tra Galliam.

unum

latus est con-

est ad Cantium, quo fere omnes ex Gallia naves appelluntur, ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat. Hoc latus pertinet circiter milia passuum d. A1terum vergit ad Hispaniam atque occidentem solem, qua ex parte est Hibernia, dimidio minor (ut existilateris alter

Hujus

angulus qui

matur),

quam

Britannia, sed pari spatio transmissus

atque ex Gallia est in Britanniam.

In hoc medio
;

cursu est insula quas appellatur

Mona

complures
;

pragterea minores objectae insulae existimantur

de

quibus insulis nonnulli scripserunt dies continuos

XXX
suris

sub bruma esse noctem.

breviores
esse

Nos
in

nihil

de eo per-

contationibus reperiebamus, nisi certis ex aqua

menfert

quam
est

continenti

noctes
ut

videbamus.

Hujus

longitudo lateris,

JULIUS C^SAR.
illorum opinio,

23
est

dcc milium.

Tertium

contra
;

septemtriones, cui parti nulla est objecta terra

ejus angulus lateris

sed

maxime ad Germaniam

spectat

hoc milia passuum dccc in longitudinem esse existimatur. Ita omnis insula est in circuitu vicies centum milium paSwSuum. Ex his omnibus longe sunt humanissimi qui Cantium incolunt, quae regio est maritima omnis, neque

multum
vivunt,

a Gallica differunt consuetudine.

lacte

Interiores
et

plerique frumenta non serunt, sed

carne
colo-

pelHbusque

sunt

vestiti.

Omnes

vero se

Britanni vitro inficiunt, qu_od casruleum

capilloque sunt promisso, atque

efficit

rem, atque hoc horridiores sunt in pugna adspectu

omni parte corporis

rasa pragter caput et labrum superius.

Equites hostium essedariique acriter proeho

equitatu nostro in itinere conffixerunt, ita
nostri

cum
ut

tamen

omnibus partibus superiores

fuerint, atque eos

in silvas collesque compulerint, sed

terfectis cupidius insecuti

compluribus inimprudentibus

nonnullos ex suis amisespatio,

runt.

At
ex

iUi,

intermisso

nostris atque occupatis in munitione castrorum, subito se

silvis

ejecerunt, impetuque in eos facto,

qui erant

in
;

statione

pro castris collocati, acriter

pugnaverunt

duabusque missis subsidio cohortibus a Cassare, atque iis primis legionum duarum, cum
sent,

he perexiguo intermisso loci spatio inter se constitis-

novo genere pugnae perterritis nostris, per medios audacissime perruperunt, seque inde incolumes receperunt. Eo die Q^ Laberius Durus tribunus
militum
interficitur.
Illi

pluribus submissis cohorti-

bus repelluntur.

Toto hoc

in

genere pugnae,

cum sub

oculis

omni-

24

LATIN READER.
ac pro castris dimicaretur, intellectum est nostros

um

propter gravitatem armorum, quod neque insequi

cedentes possent, neque ab signis discedere auderent, minus aptos esse ad hujus generis hostem

autem magno cum periculo proeHo dimicare, illi etiam consulto plerumque cederent, et cum paulum ab legionibus nostros removissent, ex essedis desilirent, et pedibus dispari proelio contenderent. Equestris autem proelii ratio et cedentibus et insequentibus par atque idem periculum inferebat. Accedebat huc ut numquam conferti, sed rari magnisque intervallis proeliarentur, stationesque
equites

propterea quod

dispositas haberent, atque ahos ahi deinceps exciperent, integrique et recentes defatigatis succederent.

Postero die procul a castris hostes in colhbus constiterunt, rarique se ostendere, et lenius

quam

pridie

nostros

equites

proeho lacessere

coeperunt.

Sed
legato

meridie,

cum

Cagsar pabulandi causa tres legiones

atque

omnem

equitatum

cum C. Trebonio

ex omnibus partibus ad pabulatores uti ab signis legionibusque non absisterent. Nostri acriter in eos impetu facto reppulerunt, neque finem sequendi fecerunt quoad submisisset, repente

advolaverunt, sic

sidio confisi equites,

cum

post se legiones viderent,

prascipites hostes egerunt,

interfecto,

magnoque eorum numero

neque

sui

cohigendi neque consistendi aut

ex essedis desihendi facukatem dederunt. Ex hac fuga protinus quag undique convenerant auxiha discesserunt, neque post id tempus

umquam summis

nobiscum

copiis hostes contenderunt.

Caesar cognito consiho eorum, ad flumen Tamesin

in fines Cassivehauni exercitum duxit,

quod flumen
asgre transiri

uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc

JULIUS C^SAR.
potest.

25

E6 cum
:

venisset,

ram

fluminis ripam

animum advertit ad altemagnas esse copias hostium in-

autem erat acutis sudibus pragfixisque munita, ejusdemque generis sub aqua defixse sudes His rebus cognitis a captivis flumine tegebantur.
structas

ripa

perfugisque,

Cagsar

prsemisso

equitatu

confestim

legiones subsequi jussit.

Sed ea

celeritate atque eo

capite solo ex aqua exlegionum atque equitum starent, ut hostes impetum sustinere non possent, ripasque dimitterent, ac se fugag mandarent. Cassivellaunus, ut supra demonstravimus, omni

impetu milites ierunt,

cum

deposita spe contentionis, dimissis amplioribus copiis,

milibus circiter iv essedariorum rehctis, itinera nostra servabat,

pauhimque ex

via excedebat, locisque

iis

impeditis ac silvestribus sese occultabat, atque

regionibus, quibus nos iter facturos cognoverat, pe-

cora atque homines ex agris in silvas compellebat

et

cum

equitatus noster Hberius prasdandi vastandiin

que causa se

agros effunderet, omnibus

silvis

viis notis

semitisque essedarios ex

emittebat, et

magno

cum

periculo nostrorum equitum

cum

iis

confligebat,

atque hoc metu latius vagari prohibebat.

ReHnque-

batur ut neque longius ab agmine legionum discedi

Cagsar pateretur, et tantum in agris vastandis incendiisque faciendis hostibus noceretur,

quantum labore
. . .

atque itinere legionarii mihtes efiicere poterant.

Dum

hasc in his locis geruntur, Cassivellaunus ad

Cantium nuntios mittit, atque his imperat uti coactis omnibus copiis, castra navaHa de improviso adoriantur atque oppugnent. li cum ad castra venissent, nostri eruptione facta multis eorum interfectis, capto etiam nobiH duce Lugotorige, suos incolumes redu-

26
xerunt.

LATIN READER.
Cassivellaunus hoc proelio nunciato,
tot

detrimentis acceptis, vastatis finibus,

maxime etiam

permotus defectione civitatum, legatos per Atrebatem Commium de deditione ad Cassarem mittit. Cassar,

cum

statuisset

hiemem

in continenti propter repenti-

nos Gallise

motus

agere,

neque multum

asstatis

superesset, atque id facile extrahi posse intelhgeret,

obsides imperat, et quid in annos singulos vectigahs

populo
dicit

Romano

Britannia penderet constituit

inter-

atque imperat Cassivellauno, ne Mandubratio

neu Trinobantibus noceat.

Obsidibus acceptis, exercitum reducit ad mare, naves invenit refectas. His deductis, quod et captivorum magnum numerum habebat, et nonnull^e
tempestate deperierant naves, duobus commeatibus

exercitum reportare
tanto

instituit.

Ac

sic accidit uti

ex

navium numero, tot navigationibus, neque hoc neque superiore anno uha omnino navis quae mihtes
portaret desideraretur
at ex iis que inanes ex conad eum remitterentur, et quas postea Labienus faciendas curaverat numero lx, perpaucee locum
;

tinenti

caperent, rehquae fere

omnes

rejicerentur.

Quas cum

ahquamdiu Cassar

frustra expectasset,

ne anni tem-

pore a navigatione excluderetur, quod sequinoctium suberat, necessario angustius mihtes cohocavit, ac

summa

tranquihitate consecuta, secunda

cum

solvisin-

set vigiha,

prima columes naves perduxit.

3.

luce terram atdgit,

omnesque

The People qf Gaul and Germany.

[Book VI. Chapters
11-28.]

Quoniam ad hunc locum perventum est, non ahenum esse videtur de GaUias Germaniasque mori-

JULIUS CyESAR.

27
pro-

bus

et

quo

difFerant

hag

nationes inter sese

ponere.
In Gallia non solum in omnibus civitatibus atque

omnibus pagis partibusque, sed paene etiam in singulis domibus, factiones sunt earumque factionum principes sunt qui summam auctoritatem eorum judicio habere existimantur, quorum ad arbitrium judiciumque summa omnium rerum consiHorumque redeat. Idque ejus rei causa antiquitus institutum videtur, ne quis ex plcbe contra potentiorem auxlHi egeret suos enim quisque opprimi et circumveniri non patitur, neque, aHter si faciat, uHam inter suos habet auctoritatem. Hsec eadem
in
;
;

ratio est in

summa

totius

GaHi^e

namque omnes
. .

civitates in partes divisee sunt duas.

In omni GaHia eorum hominum, qui aHquo sunt numero atque honore, genera sunt duo nam plebes
;

pasne servorum habetur loco, quas nihil audet per se,

et

nuHo adhibetur consiHo.

Plerique,

cum

aut asre

aHeno aut magnitudine tributorum aut injuria potentiorum premuntur, sese in servitutem dicant nobiHbus in hos eadem omnia sunt jura quag dominis in servos. Sed de his duobus generibus alterum est Druidum, alterum equitum. IHi rebus divinis intersunt, sacrificia pubHca ac privata procurant, reH:

giones interpretantur.

Ad

hos

magnus adolescentium

numerus discipHnag causa concurrit, magnoque hi sunt apud eos honore. Nam fere de omnibus controversiis pubHcis privatisque constituunt et si quod est admissum facinus, si casdes facta, si de heredi;

tate, si

de finibus controversia

est,

iidem decernunt
inter-

prsemia poenasque constituunt.

aut populus

Si qui aut privatus

stetit, sacrificiis

eorum decreto non

28
dicunt.

LATIN READER.
Hec poena apud eos
est est gravissima.

Qui-

bus

ita

interdictum,

sceleratorum

habentur

hi numero impiorum ac ab his omnes discedunt,

aditum eorum sermonemque defugiunt, ne quid ex

contagione incommodi accipiant, neque his petenti-

bus jus redditur, neque honos ullus communicatur. His autem omnibus Druidibus prseest unus, qui sum-

mam
quam

inter eos habet auctoritatem.

Hoc
:

mortuo,
at
si

si

qui ex rehquis excellit dignitate, succedit

sunt

plures pares, suffragio

Druidum

allegitur

nonnum-

etiam armis de principatu contendunt. Hi certo

anni tempore in finibus Carnutum, quas regio totius

GalHge media habetur, considunt in loco consecrato.

Huc omnes undique

niunt,

qui controversias habent conveDisci-

eorumque

decretis judiciisque parent.

phna

in Britannia reperta,
;

atque inde in
et

Galham
discendi

translata esse existimatur

nunc, qui dihgentius

illo

eam rem cognoscere

causa proficiscuntur.

volunt,

plerumque

Druides a bello abesse consuerunt, neque tributa cum rehquis pendunt mihtias vacationem omniumque rerum habent immunitatem. Tantis excitati pr^miis, et sua sponte muki in disciphnam conveniunt, et a parentibus propinquisque mittuntur.

una

numerum versuum ediscere dicuntur itaque annos nonnulh xx in disciphna permanent. Neque fas esse existimant ea htteris mandare, cum
ibi

Magnum

in rehquis fere rebus, pubhcis privatisque rationibus,

instituisse videntur

Id mihi duabus de causis quod neque in vulgum disciphnam efferri vehnt, neque eos qui discunt htteris conquod fere plerisque fisos minus memorias studere
Graecis htteris utantur.
;

accidit, ut praesidio

htterarum dihgentiam in perdis-

JULIUS C^SAR.

29

cendo ac memoriam remittant. In primis hoc volunt persuadere, non interire animas, sed ab aliis post morteni transire ad alios, atque hoc maxime ad virMulta tutem. excitari putant, metu mortis neglecto.
prgeterea de sideribus atque

eorum motu, de mundi

ac terrarum magnitudine, de rerum natura, de deorum immortalium vi ac potestate, disputant et juventuti

tradunt.

Alterum genus est equitum. Hi, cum est usus atque ahquod bellum incidit, quod fere ante Cassaris adventum quotannis accidere solebat, uti aut ipsi
injurias inferrent aut illatas propulsarent,

omnes

in

bello versantur, atque

eorum
ita

ut quisque est

genere

copiisque amplissimus,

plurimos circum se amba-

Hanc unam gratiam potenctos cHentesque habet. tiamque noverunt. Natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,

atque

ob

eam causam

qui

sunt

aflfecti

gravioribus morbis, quique in proeHis periculisque

versantur, aut pro victimis homines immolant, aut
se immolaturos vovent, administrisque
cia Druidibus utuntur
;

ad ea

sacrifi-

quod, pro vita hominis

nisi

hominis vita reddatur, non posse deorum immortahum numen pkicari arbitrantur, pubhceque ejusdem

Ahi immani habent instituta sacrificia. magnitudine simulacra habent, quorum contexta viminibus membra vivis hominibus complent, quibus succensis circumventi liamma exanimantur homines.
generis

Supphcia eorum qui in furto aut in latrocinio aut ahqua noxa sint comprehensi, gratiora diis immortahbus esse arbitrantur, sed cum ejus generis copia deficit, etiam ad innocentium supphcia descendunt. Deum maxime Mercurium colunt. Hujus sunt

30
plurima simulacra
ferunt,

LATIN READER.
;

hunc omnium inventorem artium hunc viarum atque itinerum ducem, hunc ad quagstus pecunias mercaturasque habere vim maximam arbitrantur. Post hunc ApoUinem et Martem et Jovem et Minervam. De his eadem fere quam rehquae gentes habent opinionem Apolhnem morbos depellere, Minervam operam atque artificiorum initia tradere, Jovem imperium coelestium tenere,
;

Martem
vovent.

bella regere.

Huic,

cum

proeho dimicare

constituerunt, ea quae bello ceperint

plerumque de-

Quas superaverint animaha capta immolant

in

rehquas res
civitatibus

unum locum

conferunt.

Muhis

in

harum rerum

exstructos

tumulos

locis

consecratis conspicari hcet, neque saepe. accidit ut

quispiam rehgione, aut capta apud se occukare aut posita tohere auderet gravissimumque
neglecta
;

ei rei

supphcium cum cruciatu constitutum est. Gahi se omnes ab Dite patre prognatos praedicant,

idque ab Druidibus proditum dicunt.

Ob eam
et

cau-

sam

spatia

omnis temporis non numero dierum sed

;

noctium finiunt

dies natales et

mensium

annorum
In

initia sic observant, ut noctem dies subsequatur.

reliquis vitae institutis,

hoc

fere

ab rehquis differunt,

quod suos hberos,

mihtige

nisi

cum

adoleverunt ut
se
astate in

munus
non
in con-

sustinere
;

possint,

palam ad

adire

patiuntur

fihumque puerih

pubhco

spectu patris adsistere turpe ducunt.

Viri quantas pecunias ab uxoribus dotis

nomine

acceperunt, tantas ex suis bonis eestimatione facta

cum

dotibus communicant.

Hujus omnis pecuniae

:

conjunctim ratio habetur, fructusque servantur uter eorum vita superarit, ad eum pars utriusque cum
fructibus

superiorum temporum pervenit.

Viri in

JULIUS C^SAR. uxores

sicuti in liberos vitse et

31

necisque habent potestaillustriore

tem

cum

pater

familiee

loco

natus
si

decessit, ejus propinqui conveniunt, et de

morte

suspicionem venit, de uxoribus in servilem modum quasstionem habent, et si compertum est,

res in

igni atque

omnibus tormentis excruciatas interficiunt. Funera sunt pro cultu Gallorum magnifica et sumomniaque que vivis cordi fuisse arbitrantur ptuosa ac paullo supra in ignem inferunt, etiam animalia hanc memoriam, servi et clientes, quos ab iis dilectos esse constabat, justis funeribus confectis, una cre;
:

mabantur.

Quas
si

civitates

commodius suam rem pubHcam

administrare existimantur, habent legibus sanctum,

rumore aut fama neve cum quo acceperit, uti ad magistratum quod sgepe homines temerarios alio communicet atque imperitos falsis rumoribus terreri, et ad facinus impelH, et de summis rebus consiHum capere cogniquis quid de re publica a finitimis
deferat,
:

tum
dunt.

est.

Magistratus quse visa

re

sunt occultant;

quaeque esse ex usu judicaverint multitudini pro-

De

pubHca

nisi

per conciHum loqui non

uti et via-

conceditur.

Est autem hoc GaUicae consuetudinis,

tores etiam invitos consistere cogant, et

quod quisque

eorum de quaque
et

re audierit aut cognoverit qugerant,

mercatores in oppidis vulgus circumsistant, qui-

busque ex regionibus veniant quasque ibi res cognoverint pronuntiare cogant. His rebus atque auditionibus permoti, de summis s^pe rebus consiHa
ineunt,

quorum

eos in vestigio poenitere necesse est,

et

cum

incertis

rumoribus serviant,
ficta

plerique ad vo-

luntatem eorum

respondeant.

32

LATIN READER.

Germani multum ab hac consuetudine

differunt
praesint,

nam neque

Druides habent qui rebus divinis

neque sacrificiis student. Deorum numero eos solos ducunt quos cernunt et quorum aperte opibus juvantur, Solem et Vulcanum et Lunam rehquos ne fama quidem acceperunt. Vita omnis in venationibus atque in studiis rei militaris consistit ab parvuHs labori ac duritiae student. Qui diutissime impu: :

beres

permanserunt,
;

maximam
ali

inter

suos ferunt

laudem

hoc

ali

staturam,

hoc vires nervosque

confirmari putant.
victus in lacte, caseo, carne consistit

Agricuhurag non student; majorque pars eorum neque quisquam agri modum certum aut fines habet proprios,
:

sed magistratus ac principes in annos singulos gentibus cognationibusque

hominum, qui una

coierunt,

quantum et quo loco visum est agri attribuunt, atque anno post aHo transire cogunt. Ejus rei multas
afFerunt causas
:

ne assidua consuetudine capti

;

stu-

gerundi agricukura commutent ne latos fines parare studeant, potentioresque humiliores posbelli

dium

ne accuratius ad frigora atque ne qua oriatur pecuniae gestus vitandos asdificent cupiditas, qua ex re factiones dissensionesque nascuntur ut animi eequitate plebem contineant, cum
sessionibus expellant
;

suas quisque opes

cum

potentissimis sequari videat.

Suevorum gens est longe maxima et belhcosissima Germanorum omnium. lli centum pagos habere dicuntur, ex quibus quotannis singula miha armatorum bellandi causa ex finibus educunt. Rehqui qui domi manserunt se atque illos alunt. Hi rursus in
vicem anno post in armis Sic neque agricuUura nec
sunt,
illi

-domi remanent.

ratio atque

usus belh in-

JULIUS C^SAR.
termittitur.
nihil est,

33

Sed

privati ac separati agri

neque

longiiis
licet.

apud eos anno remanere uno in loco

pecore vivunt, mulvitae,

incolendi causa

Neque multum frumento, sed

;

maximam partem
tumque sunt
et

lacte atque

in venationibus

quae res et cibi genere

quotidiana exercitatione et libertate

officio

quod a
nihil

pueris nullo

aut

disciplina assuefacti

omnino contra voluntatem faciant, et vires aHt et immani corporum magnitudine homines efficit. Atque
in

eam

se

dissimis

consuetudinem adduxerunt, ut locis frigineque vestitus prgeter pelles habeant quidpropter

quam,

quarum

exiguitatem

magna

est

corporis pars aperta, et lavantur in fluminibus.

ad eos aditus magis eo ut quag bello ceperint quibus vendant habeant, quam quod ullam rem ad se importari desiderent. Quin etiam jumentis, quibus maxime Galli delectantur, quagque
Mercatoribus
est

impenso parant
deformia, hgec

utuntur, sed quas sunt

Germani importatis his non apud eos nata, prava atque quotidiana exercitatione summi ut
pretio,

sint laboris efficiunt.

Equestribus

proeliis saspe

ex

equis desiliunt ac pedibus proeliantur, equosque eo-

dem remanere vestigio adsuefecerunt, ad quos se neque eorum moriceleriter cum usus est recipiunt bus turpius quidquam aut inertius habetur quam ephippiis uti. Itaque ad quemvis numerum ephippiatorum equitum quamvis pauci adire audent. Vinum
;

ad se omnino importari non sinunt, quod ea re ad laborem ferendum remollescere homines atque efi^eminari arbitrantur.
Civitatibus

maxima

laus est

quam

latissime circum

se vastatis finibus sohtudines habere.

virtutis existimant,

Hoc proprium

expulsos agris finitimos cedere,

34

LATIN READER.
:

neque quemquam prope audere conslstere simul hoc se fore tutiores arbitrantur, repentinse incursionis timore sublato. Cum bellum civitas aut illa-

tum defendit aut

pragsint, ut vitag

infert,

magistratus qui

ei

bello

necisque habeant potestatem deh-

guntur.

In pace nullus est communis magistratus,

sed principes regionum atque

pagorum

inter suos jus

dicunt, controversiasque minuunt.

Latrocinia nul-

lam habent infamiam, quae extra

tatis fiunt,

fines cujusque civi-

atque ea juventutis exercendag ac desidise

minuend^e causa fieri prcedicant. Atque ubi quis ex principibus in conciho dixit se ducem fore, qui sequi vehnt profiteantur consurgunt ii qui et causam et
;

hominem
cuti

probant,

suumque auxihum pohicentur,

:

atque ab mukitudine cohaudantur

qui ex his se-

non

ducuntur,
gatur.

numero rerum postea fides deroHospitem violare fas non putant; qui quasunt, in desertorum ac proditorum

omniumque

his

cunque de causa ad eos venerunt ab

sanctosque habent, hisque
victusque communicatur.

injuria prohibent

omnium domus

patent,

Ac

fuit

antea tempus

superarent, ukro bella inferrent, propter

mukitudinem agrique
nias mitterent.

cum Germanos Gahi virtute hominum inopiam trans Rhenum colo-

Itaque ea quce fertihssima Germaniae

sunt loca circum

Hercyniam silvam, Volcae Tecto-

ibi consederunt. Quae gens ad hoc tempus his sedib.us sese continet, summamque habet justitias et belhcee huidis opinionem nunc quoque in eadem inopia, egestate, patientia qua

sages occupaverunt, atque

victu et cuku corporis Gahis autem Provincige propinquitas et transmarinarum rerum notitia muka ad copiam atque

Germani permanent, eodem

utuntur.

:;

JULIUS C^SAR.
usus largitur.

35

Paullatim adsuefacti superari, multis-

que victi proeliis, ne se quidem ipsi cum illis virtute comparant. Hujus Hercyniee silvee, que supra demonstrata non est, latitudo novem dierum iter expedito patet enim aliter finiri potest, neque mensuras itinerum
:

noverunt.

Oritur

ab Helvetiorum

et

Nemetum
;

et

Rauracorum

finibus, rectaque fluminis

gione pertinet ad fines

Dacorum

et

Danubii Anartium hinc

re-

se flectit sinistrorsus diversis ab flumine regionibus,

multarumque gentium fines propter magnitudinem neque quisquam est hujus Germaniae, qui se aut adisse ad initium ejus silvag dicat, cum dierum iter LX processerit, aut quo ex loco oriatur acceperit
attingit
;

multaque in ea genera ferarum nasci constat, quae rehquis in locis visa non sint ex quibus quee maxime difterant ab ceteris et memoriae prodenda videan:

tur, haec sunt.

Est bos cervi figura, cujus a media fronte inter

aures

unum

cornu

exsistit, excelsius

magisque

dire-

ctum

his que nobis nota

sunt cornibus.

Ab

ejus

summo sicut palmae ramique dem est feminae marisque

late diffunduntur.

natura,

eadem

Eaforma
est

magnitudoque cornuum. Sunt item quae appellantur

consimihs capreis figura

alces.

Harum
pelhum
;

et varietas

sed

magnitudine pauUo antecedunt, mutilgeque sunt cornibus, et crura sine nodis articuhsque habent neque quietis causa procumbunt, neque, si quo affiictae
casu conciderunt, erigere sese aut sublevare possunt. His sunt arbores pro cubihbus ad eas se apphcant,
:

atque

pauhum modo rechnatae quietem capiunt quarum ex vestigiis cum est animadversum a venaita

3^

LATIN READER.

toribus qiio se recipere consuerint,

omnes eo

loco aut

ab radicibus subruunt aut accidunt arbores, tantum ut summa species earum stantium relinquatur. Huc cum se consuetudine reclinaverunt, infirmas arbores

pondere affligunt, atque una ipsse concidunt. Tertium est genus eorum qui uri appellantur. Hi sunt magnitudine paullo infra elephantos specie et
;

colore

et

figura

tauri.

Magna
Hos

vis

eorum
fevse

est

et

magna

velocitas,

neque homini neque

se labore durant

quam

conspexerunt parcunt.
interficiunt.

studiose foveis captos

Hoc

homines adole;

scentes, atque hoc genere venationis exercent

et

qui plurimos ex his interfecerunt, relatis in publicum

cornibus quas

sint'"

testimonio,

magnam

ferunt lau-

dem. Sed adsuescere ad homines et mansuefieri ne parvuh quidem excepti possunt. Amphtudo cornuum
et figura et species

multum

a nostrorum

boum
ab

cornilabris

bus

diftert.

Hasc

studiose

conquisita

argento circumcludunt, atque in amplissimis epuHs

pro pocuhs utuntur.

Lihrary
QiJINTUS CURTIUS.

LIFE OF ALEXANDER.
I.

The River Cydnus.

[Booklll. Chapters 4-6.]

Interea Alexander, Abistamene Cappadociae prgeposito, Ciliciam petens

cum omnibus
cum

copiis, in re-

gionem quag Castra Cyri

Stativa
in
illic

appellatur, pervenerat.

habuerat Cyrus,

adversus Croesum

duceret. Aberat ea regio quinquaginta stadia ab aditu, quo Ciliciam intramus Pylas incolae dicunt arctissimas fauces, munimenta
:

Lydiam exercitum

quag

manu ponimus
Ciliciag

naturali situ imitante.

praeerat,

Igitur
initio

Arsanes, qui
belli

reputans quid

Memnon

suasisset,
:

quondam
:

salubre consilium

sero exsequi statuit

igne ferroque Ciliciam vastat,

ut hosti soHtudinem faciat

quicquid usui esse potest,

solum, quod tueri Sed longe utilius fuit angustias aditus, qui CiHciam aperit, valido occupare praesidio, jugumque, opportune itineri imminens, obtinere unde inultus subeuntem hostem aut pro:

corrumpit

sterile

ac

nudum

nequibat, relicturus.

hibere, aut opprimere potuisset.

Tunc

paucis, qui

calHbus pragsiderent, reHctis, retro ipse concessit; populator terrag, quam a populationibus vindicare debuerat. Ergo, qui reHcti erant, proditos se rati,

ne conspectum quidem hostis sustinere valuerunt

38

LATIN READER.

cum vel pauciores locum obtinere potuissent. Namque perpetuo jugo montis asperi ac prasrup!i Cilicia includitur, quod cum a mari surgat, velut sinu quodam flexuque curvatum, rursus altero cornu in Per hoc dorsum, qua diversum littus excurrit. maxime introrsum mari cedit, asperi tres aditus et perangusti sunt, quorum uno Cilicia intranda est. Campestris eadem, qua vergit ad mare, planitiem
ejus crebris distinguentibus rivis.

Pyramus

et

Cydnus,

incluti

amnes

fluunt.

Cyd-

nus non spatio aquarum, sed liquore memorabilis

quippe, leni tractu e fontibus labens, puro solo exci-

neque torrentes incurrunt, qui placide maalveum turbent. Itaque incorruptus, idemque frigidissimus quippe, multa riparum amoenitate inumbratus, ubique fontibus suis similis in mare evadit. Multa in ea regione monumenta vulgata
pitur
;

nantis

Monstrabantur urbium sedes Lyrnessi et Thebes Typhonis quoque specus, et Corycium nemus, ubi crocum gignitur,
carminibus, vetustas exederat.
;

caeteraque in quibus nihil pragter

famam

duraverat.

Alexander fauces jugi, quas Pylce appellantur, intravit. Contemplatus locorum situm, non ahas magis dicitur admiratus esse fehcitatem suam obrui
:

potuisse vel saxis

confitebatur,
Iter vix

si

fuissent

qui

in

subeuntes propellerent.
armatos.
gustae

quaternos capiebat

viag, non anplerumque prasruptas, crebris oberrantibus rivis, qui ex radicibus montium manant. Thracas tamen leviter armatos praecedere jusserat, scrutarique calles, ne occultus hostis in subeuntes erumperet. Sagittariorum quoque manus

Dorsum montis imminebat

sed

modo,

occupaverat jugum

intentos arcus habebant,

mo-

QIJINTUS CURTIUS.
niti,

39

non

iter

ipsos inire, sed praelium.

Hoc modo

agmen pervenit ad urbem Tarson, cui tum maxime Perse subjiciebant ignem, ne opulentum oppidum
hostis invaderet.

At

ille,

Parmenione ad inhiben-

dum incendium cum expedita manu praemisso, postquam barbaros adventu suorum fugatos esse -cognoverat,

urbem a se conservatam intrat. Mediam Cydnus amnis, de quo paulo

;

ante dictum

est, interfluit

et

tunc agstas erat, cujus calor non

CiHcise

aham magis quam

dit
;

oram vapore soHs accenPulvere

et diei

fervidissimum tempus coeperat.

ac sudore simul perfusum regem invitavit liquor

fluminis, ut calidum

veste deposita, in

adhuc corpus ablueret. Itaque conspectu agminis (decorum quosi

que faturum ratus,

ostendisset suis, levi ac para-

biH cultu corporis se esse contentum) descendit in

flumen, vixque ingressi subito horrore artus rigere

coeperunt
;

paUor deinde suffusus

est, et

totum proExpiranti

pemodum
tem mentis

corpus vitaHs calor reHquit.

in

similem ministri
citudo, et pgene

manu excipiunt, nec satis compotabernaculum deferunt. Ingens soUijam

luctus in castris erat.

Flentes

rerum, omnis astatis ac memoriae clarissimum regem non in acie sahem, non ab hoste dejectum, sed abluentem instare aqua corpus, ereptum esse, et extinctum Darium, victorem antequam vidisset hostem. Sibi easdem terras, quas victores peragrassent, repetendas omnia aut ipsos, aut hostes populatos per
querebantur,

"in tanto impetu

cursuque

vastas soHtudines, etiamsi

nemo

insequi veHt, euntes,

fame atque inopia debeHari posse. Quem signum daturum fugientibus? quem ausurum Alexandro succedere? Jam ut ad HeUespontum fuga penetra-

40
rent, classem

LATIN READER.

qua transeant, quem pragparaturum ? " Rursus in ipsum regem misericordia versa, " illum florem juventag, illam vim animi, eumdem regem et commilitonem divelli a se et abripi," immemores
sui querebantur.

Inter hsec liberius

meare

spiritus coeperat

alleva-

bat rex oculos, et paulatim redeunte animo, cir-

cumstantes amicos agnoverat laxataque vis morbi ob hoc solum videbatur, quia magnitudinem mali Ariimum autem cegritudo corporis urgesentiebat. quippe Darium quinto die in Ciliciam fore bat nunciabatur. "Vinctum ergo se tradi, et tantam victoriam eripi sibi e manibus, obscuraque et ignobili morte in tabernaculo extingui se," querebatur. Admissisque amicis pariter ac medicis " In quo me," inquit, "articulo rerum mearum fortuna deprehenderit, cernitis. Strepitum hostilium armorum exaudire mihi videor et qui ultro intuli bellum, jam Darius ergo, cum tam superbas Htteras provocor. sed scriberet, fortunam meam in consiHo habuit nequidquam, si mihi arbitrio meo curari Hcet. Lenta remedia et segnes medicos non exspectant tempora mea. Vel mori strenue, quam tarde convalescere, mihi mehus est. Proinde, si quid opis, si
: : :

quid

artis in

quam

belli

incusserat

medicis est, sciant, me non tam mortis, remedium quasrere." Ingentem omnibus curam tam prasceps temeritas ejus. Ergo
"

ne festinatione periculum augeret, sed esset in potestate medentium. Inexperta remedia haud injuria ipsis esse suspecta, cum ad perniciem ejus etiam a latere ipsius pecunia
pro se quisque precari coepere,
sollicitaret hostis

terfectori

" (quippe Darius mille talenta inAlexandri daturum se pronunciari jusse:

"

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
rat)
:

4I

"

itaque
"

ne

arbitrabantur

experiri

ausurum quidem quemquam remedium quod propter nomedicos e Macedonia regem

vitatem posset esse suspectum."

'-^^^HErat

inter nobiles

secutus Philippus, natione Acarnan, fidus

regi
;

admodum

non ut regem modo, sed etiam ut alumnum eximia caritate diligebat. Is non pr^eceps se, sed strenuum remedium afterre, tantamque vim morbi potione medicata levaturum esse promisit. Nulli promussum ejus placebat, praeter ipsum cujus periculo pollicepuero comes,
et custos salutis datus,

batur.

Omnia quippe

facilius

quam moram
in

per;

peti poterat.

Arma

et

acies

oculis

erant
si

et

victoriam in eo positam esse arbitrabatur,

:

tantum ante signa stare potuisset idipsum, quod post diem tertium medicamentum sumpturus esset (ita enim medicus pragdixerat) gegre ferens. Inter h^ec a Parmenione fidissimo purpuratorum litteras accipit, quibus ei denunciabat, ne salutem suam Philippo committeret; mille talentis a Dario, et spe nuptiarum sororis ejus esse corruptum. Ingentem animo solhcitudinem htterce incusserant, et quicquid in utramque partem aut metus aut spes subjecerat, secreta estimatione pensabat. "Bibere perseverem? ut, si venenum datum fuerit, ne immerito quidem, quicquid acciderit, evenisse videatur?

Damnem

medici

fidem? in tabernaculo ergo

satius est

me

opprimi patiar?

At

aheno me mori scelere, quam metu nostro." Diu animo in diversa versato, nulli quid scriptum esset enunciat epistolamque, sigillo anuh
;

sui impresso, pulvino cui

incubabat subjecit.

Inter has cogitationes biduo assumpto, ihuxit a

medico destinatus

dies.

Et

ille

cum

poculo, in quo

42

LATIN READER.
diluerat,
intravit.

medicamentum

Quo

viso Alex-

ander, levato corpore in cubitum, epistolam a Par-

menione missam poculum, et haurit

sinistra

manu
:

tenens,

accipit

interritus

tum epistolam
in

Philip-

pum

legere jubet, nec a

vuhu

legentis movit oculos,

ratus ahquas conscientiae

notas

ipso ore posse

deprehendere.
tionis

Ille epistola perlecta,

:

plus indigna-

quam

pavoris ostendit
:

projectisque amiculo
inquit,

et htteris

ante lectum

dem
isto
cidii,

spiritus

sacro et

"semper quimeus ex te pependit, sed nunc vere ab venerabih ore trahitur. Crimen parriest,

"Rex,"

quod mihi objectum

tua salus diluet.

Ser-

vatus a

vitam mihi dederis. Oro quassoque, amisso metu, patere medicamentum concipi venis.

me

Lax*! pauhsper animum,

bant."

quem

sohicitudine intem-

pestiva amici sane fideles, sed moleste seduH tur-

lastum

Non securum modo h^c vox, sed etiam regem, ac plenum bonae spei fecit. Itaque, "Si Dii," inquit, "Phihppe, tibi permisissent, quo maxime modo animum vehes experiri meum, aho
profecto voluisses
;

sed certiorem

quam

expertus es,

ne optasses quidem.

Hac
et

quod dilueras
pro tua fide

bibi

epistola accepta, tamen nunc crede me non minus

quam

pro

mea

salute esse soUicitum."

Haec elocutus, dexteram Phihppo oftert. C^eterum tanta vis medicaminis fuit, ut qu^e secuta Intersunt criminationem Parmenionis adjuverint. clusus spiritus arcte meabat, nec Phihppus quidquam inexpertum omisit. Ihe fomenta corpori admovit,
iUe torpentem

nunc

cibi

nunc

vini odore excitavit.

Atque, ut primiim mentis compotem

esse

sensit,

modo

matris

sororumque, modo

tantae victoriae ap-

propinquantis admonere non

destitit.

Ut vero me-

OUINTUS CURTIUS.

43

dlcamentum

se diffudlt in venas, et sensim toto cor-

primum animus vigorem suum, deinde corpus quoque exspectatione maturius recuperavit quippe post tertium diem quam
pore salubritas percipi potuit,
:

hoc statu fuerat, in conspectum militum venit. Nec avidius ipsum regem quam Philippum intuein

batur exercitus

pro se quisque dexteram ejus am-

plexi grates habebant velut pragsenti deo.

Namque
hujus
divina

haud
erga

facile

dictu est, praster ingenitam ilH genti

reges

suos

veneratiohem,

quantum
nihil sine

utique regis vel admirationi dediti fuerint, vel caritate flagraverlnt.

Jam primum

ope aggredi videbatur. Nam cum praesto esset ublque fortuna, temeritas in glorlam cesserat aetas quoque vix tantls matura rebus, sed abunde suffi:

ciens,

omnla

ejus

opera honestabat

et

qucB

le-

viora haberi solent,

tiora
;

plerumque

in re mlHtari gra-

cultus

vulgo sunt exercitatlo corporis inter ipsos, habitusque paulum a privato abhorrens,
;

mlHtaris vigor

quis

iHe vel

ingenii dotibus, vel

anlmi artibus, ut pariter carus ac venerandus esset,

effecerat.
2.

Battle of Issus,
III. Chapters 7-12.]

[Book

At Darlus nuntlo de adversa valetudine ejus acquantam capere tam grave agmen poterat, ad Euphratem contendlt junctoque eo pontlbus, quinque tamen diebus trajecit exercltum, CIHcIam occupare festlnans. Jam Alexander viribus corporis receptis, ad urbem Solos pervenerat cujus potltus, ducentls talentls multse nomine exactis, arci praesidium mlHtum imposuit. Vota
cepto, celeritate
:

44

LATIN READER.

deinde pro salute suscepta per ludum atque otium;

reddens, ostendit quanta fiducia barbaros sperneret

quippe ^sculapio
"

et

Minervag

ludos celebravit.

Spectanti nuntius laetus aftertur ex Halicarnasso,

Persas acie a suis esse superatos, Myndios quoque

et

Caunios,

et

pleraque tractus ejus, suse facta

di-

tionis."

Igitur edito spectaculo ludicro, castrisque

Pyramo amne ponte juncto, ad urbem Mallon pervenit inde alteris castris ad oppidum Ibi Parmenio regi occurrit, quem Castabulum. prgemiserat ad explorandum iter saltus, per quem ad urbem Isson nomine penetrandum erat. Atque ille angustiis ejus occupatis, et praesidio modico relicto, Isson quoque desertam a barbaris ceperat. Inde
motis, et
:

progressus, deturbatis qui interiora montium obsi-

debant, praesidiis cuncta firmavit

nuntius venit.

occupatoque

iti-

nere, sicut paulo ante dictum est, idem et auctor et

Isson deinde rex copias admovit

bito

ubi consilio ha-

progrediendum foret, an ibi opperiendi essent novi milites, quos ex Macedonia Parmenio non alium locum adventare constabat prgelio aptiorem esse censebat. Quippe illic utriusque regis copias numero futuras pares, cum angumultitudinem non caperent planitiem ipsis stias camposque esse vitandos, ubi circumiri, ubi ancipiti acie opprimi possent timere, ne non virtute hostiultra
;
:
:

utrumne

um, sed
tes

lassitudine sua vincerentur

si

Persas recenest.

subinde successuros,

laxius stare potuissent.

Ita-

Facile ratio tam salubris consilii accepta

que

inter angustias saltus opperiri statuit.

Erat in
a pretore
et

exercitu regis Sisenes Perses,

quondam
;

-^gypti missus ad Philippum

donisque

omni

;:

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
honore cultus, exilium patria sede mutaverat
tus deinde in
cios
:

45
sccu-

Asiam Alexandrum,

inter

fideles so-

habebatur.

Huic epistolam Cretensis miles

Nabarzanes
praetor

obsignatam anulo, cujus signum haud sane notum

erat,

tradidit.

Darii

miserat

eam, hortabaturque Sisenem, ut dignum aliquid nobiHtate ac moribus suis ederet, magno id ei apud

regem honori fore. Has Htteras Sisenes utpote innoxius, ad Alexandrum saspe deferre tentavit sed cum tot curis apparatuque belU regem videret urgeri, aptius subinde tempus exspectans, suspicionem
:

initi

scelesti

consiHi

praebuit.

Namque

epistola,

priusquam ei redderetur, in manus Alexandri pervenerat, lectamque eam, ignoti anuli sigillo impresso, Siseni dari jusserat, ad asstimandam fidem Qui, quia per complures dies non adierat barbari.

regem, scelesto consiHo eam visus

et in

est suppressisse

agmine a Cretensibus, haud dubie jussu

Graeci miHtes, quos

regis,

oc^isus.
'

Jam

acceperat, praecipua" spes,

Thymodes a Pharnabazo et propemodum unica, ad

retro abiret, spatiososque

Hi magnopere suadebant, ut Mesopotamiag campos reSi id consiHum damnaret, at iUe divideret peteret. saltem innumerabiles copias, neu sub unum fortunie ictum totas vires regni cadere pateretur. Minus hoc

Darium pervenerant.

consiHum regi, quam purpuratis ejus dispHcebat " Ancipitem fidem, et mercede venalem proditionem imminere, et dividi non ob aHud copias veUe, quam
ut ipsi in diversa digressi,
si

quid

commissum

essent
cir-

traderent Alexandro.

Nihil tutius fore,

quam

cumdatos non inultae

eos exercitu toto obrui teHs,

perfidiae futuros."

documentum
ut erat

At Darius,

46

LATIN READER.
facinus" negat

sanctus ac mitis, "se vero tantum

" esse

facturum, ut suam secutos fidem, suos milites,

jubeat trucidari. Quem deinde amplius nationum exterarum salutem suam crediturum sibi, si tot militum sanguine imbuisset manus? Neminem stolidum

consilium capite luere debere.

suaderent,
si

suasisse

Defuturos enim qui periculum esset. Denique

ipsos quotidie

sententias dicere, nec

ad se vocari in consilium, variasque tamen melioris fidei haberi,

Itaque Grsecis nuntiari

qui

prudentius suaserit."
cseterum,

jubet, "

agere

ipsum quidem benevolentiaj illorum gratias si retro ire pergat haud dubie re-

gnum

hostibus traditurum.

Fama bella

stare

et

eum

qui recedat, fugere credi.

ullam esse rationem.

Trahendi vero belh vix Tant^ enim multitudini, uti-

que cum jam hiems instaret, in regione vasta, et invicem a suis atque hoste vexata, non suftectura ahmenta. Ne dividi quidem copias posse, servato more majorum, qui universas vires discrimini bellorum semper obtulerint. Et (hercule) terribilem antea regem et absentia sua ad vanam fiduciam elatum, postquam adventare se senserit, cautum pro
temerario factum, dehtuisse inter angustias saltus,
ritu

ignobiHum ferarum, qu^

silvarum
latebris

strepitu prastereuntium
-occuluerint.

audito,

se

Jam

etiam valetudinis simulatione frustrari suos mihtes.

Sed non amphus ipsum

certamen.
sent,

esse

passurum detrectare

In

illo

specu, in

quem

pavidi recessis-

oppressurum esse cunctantes."

Hccc magnifi-

centius jactata

quam

verius.

Casterum pecunia omni rebusque pretiosissimis Syrias cum modico prassidio mihtum missis, rehquas copias in Cihciam duxit, insequen-

Damascum

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
tibus

47

patrio agmen conjuge ac matre. Virgines cum parvo filio comitabantur patrem. Forte quoque

more

eadem nocte
aditur, et

et

Alexander ad fauces quibus Syria

pervenit.

Darius ad

Pylas vocant,
rent.

quin Isso relicta,

eum locum, quem Amanicas Nec dubitavere Persae quam ceperant, Macedones fugequidam
et

Nam

etiam saucii

invalidi, qui

agmen non
omnes,

poterant persequi, excepti erant.

Quos
feritate

instinctu

purpuratorum,
adustisque

barbara

sgevientium, prsecisis
duci, ut copias suas
spectatis,

noscerent

manibus circu.msatisque omnibus

suo
jussit.

nuntiare quae
castris,

vidissent regi

amnem, in terAt illi, quorum amputaverat manus, ad castra Macedonum penetrant, Darium, quanto maximo cursu posset,
Motis ergo
superat Pinarem
gis, ut credebat,

fugientium liEesurus.

sequi nunciantes.

Vix

fides habebatur.

Itaque spe-

culatores in maritimas regiones pragmissos explorare

jubet, ipse adesset,

an prsefectorum

aliquis

speciem

pragbuisset

universi venientis exercitus.

Sed cum

speculatores reverterentur, procul ingens multitudo

conspecta
coeperunt,
visa,

est.

Ignes deinde totis campis collucere omniaque velut continenti incendio ardere
incondita multitudo

cum

maxime

propter ju-

menta laxius tenderet.

voto,
esse.

Itaque eo ipso loco metari

suos castra jusserat, laetus, quod

in
illis

omni expetierat

potissimum angustiis decernendum

fieri,

Cffiterum, ut solet

cum

ultimi

discriminis

tempus adventat, in sollicitudinem versa fiducia est. Illam ipsam fortunam, qua aspirante res tam prospere gesserat, verebatur nec injuria, ex his quae tribuisset sibi, quam mutabihs esset reputabat
;

4^

LATIN READER.
superesse noctem quag tanti discriminis

unam
culis illud

mo-

raretur eventum.
:

Rursus occurrebat, majora peripraemia et sicut dubium esset an vinceret, ita utique certum esse, honeste et cum magna
Itaque, corpora milites curare

laude moriturum.
jussit,

ac deinde tertia vigilia instructos et armatos

esse.

Ipse in

jugum
loci

editi

montis ascendit, multis-

que collucentibus facibus patrio more sacrificium

diis

pragsidibus
erat,

fecit.

Jamque

tertium,

sicut
itineri

prasceptum

signum tuba miles acceperat,

:

simul paratus ac prgelio

strenueque jussi procedere,

triginta

oriente luce pervenerunt ad angustias, quas occu-

pare
abesse

decreverant.
prasmissi

Darium

inde

stadia

indicabant.

Tunc

consistere ag-

jubet, armisque ipse sumptis aciem ordinat. Dario adventum hostium pavidi agrestes nuntiaverunt, vix credenti occurrere etiam, quos ut fugi-

men

entes

sequebatur.

Ergo non mediocris omnium

:

quippe itineri quam animos formido incesserat praiho aptiores erant, raptimque arma capiebant. Sed ipsa festinatio discurrentium, suosque ad arma vocantium, majorem metum incussit. Ahi in jugum montis evaserant, ut hostium agmen inde prospicerent equos plerique frasnabant discore exercitus, nec ad unum intentus imperium, vario turrtultu cuncta turbaverat. Darius initio jugum montis cum parte copiarum occupare statuit, et a fronte et a a mari quoque, quo tergo circumiturus hostem dextrum ejus cornu tegebatur, ahos objecturus, ut undique urgeret. Praster hasc, viginti miha pras:

missa
qui
sese

cum

sagittariorum

manu, Pinarum amnem,

Si id prgestare

duo agmina

interfluebat, transire, et objicere

Macedonum

copiis jusserat.

QUINTUS CURTIUS.

49

non possent, retrocedere in montes, et occulte cirCasterum destinata salucumire ultimos hoslium. briter omni ratione potentior fortuna discussit quippe alii prag metu imperium exsequi non audequia ubi partes bant, alii frustra exsequebantur
:

labant

summa

turbatur.

Acies autem hoc

tatu

modo

stetit.

Nabarzanes equiadditis

dextrum cornu

tuebatur,

funditorum
In

sagittariorumque viginti ferme miHbus.

eodem

mercede conductis triginta miHbus prsepositus. Hoc erat haud dubie robur exercitus, par Macedonic^e phalangi acies. In lasvo cornu Aristomedes Thessalus viginti miHa barbarorum peditum habebat. In subsidiis pugnacissimas locaverat gentes. Ipsum regem in eodem cornu dimicaturum, tria miHa delectorum equitum
erat Grcecis peditibus

Thymodes

assueta

corporis custodia, et pedestris

acies

qua-

Hyrcani deinde Medique equites his proximi cseterarum gentium equites dextra lcevaque dispositi. Hoc agmen, sicut dictum est instructum, sex miHa jaculatorum funditorumque antecedebant. Quidquid in iUis angustiis adiri poterat, impleverant copiae, cornuaque hinc a jugo, iUinc a mari stabant uxorem matremque regis, et aHum feminarum gregem, in
draginta miHa, sequebantur.
: :

medium agmen

acceperant.
nihil

Alexander phalangem, qua

vaHdius erat, in fronte

constituit.

apud Macedonas Dextrum cornu

:

Nicanor Parmenionis fiHus tuebatur huic proximi stabant Coenos, et Perdiccas, et Meleager, et Ptolemseus, et Amyntas, sui quisque agminis duces. In Isevo, quod ad mare pertinebat, Craterus et Parmenio erant, sed Craterus Parmenioni parere jussus.

50
Equites
dones,

LATIN READER.
ab utroque cornu
Thessalis
adjunctis,
locati,

dextrum MacePeloponnesii

laevum

tuebantur.

Ante hanc aciem posuerat funditorum manum, sagittariis admixtis Thraces quoque et
;

Cretenses ante

agmen

ibant, et ipsi leviter armati.

At

his qui praemissi a

Dario jugum montis insede-

rant Agrianos opposuit, ex Grascia nuper advectos.

Parmenioni autem prgeceperat, ut quantum posset agmen ad mare extenderet, quo longius abesset montibus, quos occupaverant barbari. At ilH, neque obstare venientibus, nec circumire prastergressos ausi, funditorum maxime aspectu territi profugerant eaque res Alexandro tutum agminis latus, quod ne superne incesseretur timuerat, pr^estitit. Triginta et duo armatorum ordines ibant neque enim latius extendi aciem patiebantur angustias. Paulatim deinde laxare se sinus montium, et majus spatium aperire coeperant ita ut non pedes solum
:

pluribus ordinibus incedere, sed etiam lateribus cir-

cumfundi posset equitatus.

Jam

in conspectu, sed extra

teli

jactum utraque

acies erat,

cum

priores Persae inconditum et trucem

Redditur et a Macedonibus sustulere clamorem. major exercitus numero, jugis montium vastisque saltibus repercussus ; quippe semper circumjecta

nemora petraeque quantamcumque accepere vocem

multipHcato sono referunt.
signa ibat, identidem
si,

Alexander ante prima

suos inhibens ne suspenconcitato spiritu,
obequitaret,

manu

acrius ob

nimiam festinationem

capesserent praelium.

Cumque agmini
alloquebatur.

Macedones, varia oratione milites tot bellorum in Europa victores, ad subigendam Asiam atque ultima Orientis, non ipsius magis

: :

QUINTUS CURTIUS.

5I

quam

suo ductu profecti, inveteratse virtutis admoIllos

nebantur.

terrarum orbis liberatores, emen-

sosque olim Herculis

Persis
ros

et Liberi patris terminos, non modo, sed etiam omnibus gentibus impositu:

jugum

Macedonum Bactra

et

Indos

fore
vi-

minima esse quag nunc intuerentur, sed omnia

ctoria aperiri.

Non

in praeruptis petris Illyriorum et

:

Thraciae saxis sterilem laborem fore

Orientis offerri.

spolia totius
;

Vix gladio futurum opus totam aciem, suo pavore fluctuaiitem, umbonibus posse
propelli.

Victor ad hasc Atheniensium PhiHppus

pater invocabatur,

domitseque

urbis in ea nobilissimas,

nuper Boeotias, et ad solum dirutae, species

reprsesentabatur

animis

jam Granicum amnem,

jam tot urbes aut expugnatas, aut in fidem acceptas, omniaque quae post tergum erant, strata et pedibus ipsorum subjecta memorabat. Cum adierat Graecos, admonebat, " ab iis gentibus illata Grascise
bella, Darii prius,

deinde Xerxis insolentia,

:

aquam

ipsam terramque poscentium ut neque fontium haustum, nec soHtos cibos relinquerent deditis ab his templa ruinis et ignibus esse deleta, urbes eorum expugnatas, foedera humani divinique juris violata " referebat. Illyrios vero et Thracas, rapto vivere assuetos, aciem hostium auro purpuraque fulgentem intueri jubebat, praedam non arma gestantem.
eriperent.
calles et

Irent, et

imbellibus

feminis

aurum

viri

Aspera montium suorum juga, nudasque perpetuo rigentes gelu, ditibus Persarum

campis agrisque mutarent. Jam ad teli jactum pervenerant, cum Persarum equites ferociter in Isevum cornu hostium invecti sunt. Quippe Darius equestri praeho decernere

52
optabat,

LATIN READER.

phalangem Macedonici exercitus robur esse Jamque etiam dextrum Alexandri cornu circumibatur quod ubi Macedo conspexit, duabus
conjectans.
:

alis

teros in

equitum ad jugum montis jussis subsistere, cemedium belli discrimen strenue transfert.

Subductis deinde ex acie Thessalis equitibus, praefectum eorum occulte circumire tergum suorum jubet, Parmenionique conjungi, et quod is imperasset impigre

exsequi.

Jamque

ipsi

in

medium

Persarum undique circumfusi egregie tuebantur sed conferti, et quasi cohasrentes, tela vibrare non poterant. Simul erant emissa, in eosdem concurrentia implicabantur, levique et vano ictu pauca in hostem, phu-a in humum innoxia cadebant. Ergo cominus pugnam coacti conserere, gladios impigre Tum vero muUum sanguinis fusum est stringunt. duae quippe acies itst cohagrebant, ut armis arma pulsarent, mucrones in ora dirigerent non timido, non ignavo cessare tum licuit collato pede, quasi
:

singuH inter se dimicarent, in eodem vestigio

bant, donec vincendo

sta-

locum sibi facerent. Tum demum ergo promovebant gradum, cum hostem prostraverant. At illos novus excipiebat adversanec vulnerati, ut ahas solent, acie rius fatigatos
:

poterant excedere,

cum

hostis instaret a fronte, a

tergo sui urgerent.

Alexander non ducis magis quam mihtis munia

exsequebatur
;

opimum decus

caeso rege expetens.

Quippe Darius curru subHmis eminebat, et suis ad se tuendum, et hostibus ad incessendum, ingens incitamentum. Ergo frater ejus Oxathres, cum Alexandrum instare ei cerneret, equites quibus praserat ante ipsum currum regis objecit, armis et robore

OyiNTUS CURTIUS.
corporis

53

multum super

casteros eminens,
:

animo vero
in

et pietate in

paucissimis

illo

utique pr^elio clarus,

alios

improvide instantes prostravit, alios

fugam
erant,)

avertit.

At

Macedones,
firmati,

(circa

regem
ipso
in

mutua adhortatione

cum

equitum

agmen irrumpunt.
erat.

Tum

vero similis ruinae strages

Circa currum Darii jacebant nobilissimi duces,

ante oculos regis egregia morte defuncti,

omnes

in

ora proni, sicut dimicantes procubuerant, adverso

corpore vulneribus acceptis.

Inter hos Atizyes et

Rheomithres
exercituum
hita

et

Sabaces preetor ^gypti, magnorum

:

praefecti, noscitabantur

circa eos

cumu-

peditum equitumque obscurior turba. Macedonum quoque, non quidem muhi, sed promptissimi tamen caesi sunt inter quos Alexandri dexerat
:

trum femur

mucrone perstrictum est. Jamque qui Darium vehebant equi confossi hastis, et dolore efferati, jugum quatere, et regem
leviter

curru excutere coeperant

cum

ille,

veritus ne vivus

veniret in hostium potestatem, desiht, et in

;

equum

insignibus qui ad hoc ipsum sequebatur imponitur quoque imperii, ne fugam proderent, indecore abjectis.

Tum

vero

ceteri

dissipantur

metu,

et

qua

cuique ad fugam patebat via erumpunt, arma jacientes quae paulo ante ad tutelam corporum sumpserant

adeo pavor etiam auxiha formidat. Instabat fugientibus eques a Parmenione missus, et forte in iUud cornu omnes fuga abstulerat. Equi pariter
:

Persarum, serie laminarum graves, agmen, quod celeritate maxime constat, aegre mohebantur quippe in circumagendis equis suis ThessaH mukos occupaverant. Hac tam prospera pugna
equitesque
:

nuntiata, Alexander,

non ante ausus persequi barba-

: ;

54
ros,

LATIN READER.
utrimque jam victor instare fugientibus
coepit.

Haud amplius regem quam mille equites sequebantur, cum ingens multitudo hostium caderet. Sed
quis aut in victoria aut in fuga copias numerat? Agebantur ergo a tam paucis pecorum modo et idem metus qui cogebat fugere, fugientes mora;

batur.

At

Grasci qui in Darii partibus steterant,

Aminta

duce, (prsetor hic Alexandri fuerat, tunc transfuga)

abrupti a ceteris,
serant.

haud sane fugientibus

similes eva-

Barbari longe diversam fugam intenderunt

;

quidam montium occuhos petivere, pauci castra Darii. Sed jam illa quoque victor intraverat, omni quidem opulentia ditia. Ingens auri argentique pondus, non beUi sed luxuriae apparatum,
circuitu rupes saltusque

ahi qua rectum iter in Persidem ducebat

diripuerant mihtes.

Cumque

plus raperent, passim

strata erant itinera vihoribus sarcinis,

quas in com-

paratione

mehorum

avaritia contempserat.

Jamque

ad feminas perventum erat, quibus, quo cariora ornamenta sunt, violentius detrahebantur ne corporibus quidem vis ac hbido parcebat. Omnia planctu
;

tumultuque prout cuique fortuna erat, repleverant nec uha facies mah deerat, cum per omnes ordines
agtatesque victoris crudehtas ac hcentia vagaretur.

Tunc vero tuit, cum ii

rant,

impotentis fortunae species conspici poqui

tum Dario tabernaculum exornaveomni luxu et opulentia instructum, eadcm iha

;

Alexandro, quasi veteri domino, reservabant. Namque id solum intactum omiserant mihtes ita tradito

more, ut victorem
perent.

victi

regis

tabernaculo

exci-

Sed omnium oculos animosque

in

semet converte-

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
rant

55
:

captiva

mater

conjuxque

Darii

illa
;

non

majestate solum, sed etiam aetate venerabilis haec formae pulchritudine, ne illa quidem sorte corruptas.

Receperat in sinum fiHum, nondum sextum

aetatis

quantam pater ejus paulo ante amiserat, genitum. At in gremio anus aviae jacebant adultae duae virgines, non

annum egressum,

in

spem

tantas fortunae,

suo tantum, sed

laceratis

illius

etiam moerore confectae.

abscisaque veste,

In-

gens circa eam nobiHum feminarum turba constiterat,

crinibus,

pristini

decoris

immemores, reginas dominasque

veris

quon-

dam

tunc aHenis nominibus invocantes.

Dlas, suse

calamitatis obHtae, in utro cornu Darius stetisset, quae

fortuna discriminis fuisset, requirebant.

se captas,
si

Negabant Sed iUum equos subinde mutantem longius fuga abstulerat. In acie autem decem cassa sunt Persarum peditum centum miHa miHa equitum. At a parte Alexandri quattuor et quingenti saucii fuere, ex peditibus triginta omnino et duo desiderati sunt, equitum centum quinquaginta
viveret rex.
:

interfecti.
'

Tantulo impendio ingens victoria stetit. quidem, Darium persequendo fatigatus, postquam et nox appetebat et consequendi spes non
.Rex
erat, in castra
vitari

paulo ante a suis capta pervenit.

In-

deinde
:

amicos

quibus

maxime
cutis

assueverat
in

jussit

quippe
e

summa dumtaxat

femore
:

perstricta

repente

non prohibebat interesse convivio cum proximo tabernaculo lugubris clamor,

planctuque
permixtus,
epulantes

barbaro ululatu
conterruit.

Cohors quoque, quas excubabat ad tabernaculum regis, verita ne majoris motus princi-

pium

esset,

subiti fuit,

Causa pavoris armare se coeperat. quod mater uxorque Darii, cum captivis

56
nobilibus, regem,

LATIN READER.

quem

interfectum esse credebant,

ingenti gemitu ejulatuque deflebant.

Unus namque
sicut

e captivis spadonibus, qui forte ante ipsarum taber-

naculum
rat)

steterat,

amiculum (quod Darius,

est,

paulo ante dictum

ne cultu proderetur, abjecein manibus ejus qui repertum ferebat, agnovit

ratusque interfecto detractum esse, falsum nuntium

mortis ejus attulerat.
perto,

Hoc mulierum
Darii
et

errore

Alexander

fortunas

pietati

comearum

illacrimasse fertur.
dis prodiderat,

Ac primo

Mitlirenem, qui Sarire

peritum Persicas linguas,

ad con-

solandas eas jusserat.

Veritus deinde ne proditor

captivarum iram doloremque gravaret, Ueonnatum ex purpuratis suis misit, jussum indicare falso lamentari eas vivum.
Ille

cum

paucis armigeris in

tabernaculum

in

quo captivas erant pervenit, misnuntiari jubet.

sumque

se a rege

At

hi qui

in

vestibulo erant, ut armatos conspexere, rati

actum

esse de dominis, in tabernaculum curnmt, vocife-

rantes adesse

supremam horam, missosque

qui occi-

derent captas. Itaque, utquae nec prohibere possent,

nec admittere auderent, nullo responso dato, tacitag opperiebantur victoris arbitrium. Leonnatus, exspectato diu qui se introduceret, postquam nemo procedere audebat, relictis in vestibulo satelHtibus, intrat in tabernaculum. Ea ipsa res turbaverat feminas, quod irrupisse non admissus videbatur. Itaque mater et conjux provokitae ad pedes orare
coeperunt, ut, prius

quam

interflcerentur, Darii cor:

ipsis patrio more sepeHre permitteret functas supremo in regem officio impigre sese morituras. Leonnatus et vivere Darium, et ipsas non incolumes modo, sed etiam apparatu pristinae fortunse regi-

pus

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
nas fore.
passa
est.

57

Tum demum

mater Darii allevari se

Alexander die postero, cum cura sepultis militibus quorum corpora invenerat, Persarum. quoque nobilissimis eumdem honorem haberi jubet, matrique
Darii
permitti,

quos vellet patrio more sepeHret.

Illa paucos arcta propinquitate conjunctos pro habitu

prassentis fortunae

humari

jussit,

apparatum fune-

rum quo Persae suprema officia celebrarent invidiosum fore existimans, cum victores haud pretiose cremarentur. Jamque justis defunctorum corporibus
solutis,

praemittit
:

ipsum venire bernaculum cum Hephaestione

ad captivas qui nuntiarent inhibitaque comitantium turba, taintrat.

Is

longe
ipso

omnium amicorum
tatis

carissimus erat regi,

cum
:

pariter eductus, secretorum

omnium

arbiter

Hber-

quoque quod tamen

aetate

in
ita

admonendo eo non ahus

jus habebat,

usurpabat ut magis a rege permisvideretur

;

sum quam vindicatum ab eo

par erat regi,
reginse
ita

et

sicut

corporis habitu prsestabat.

esse
ratae,

Ergo

illum

regem

suo

more

veneratas sunt.

Inde ex captivis spadonibus quis

Alexander
est

esset monstrantibus, Sisigambis advoluta

pedibus ejus, ignorationem

numquam

antea
:

visi

regis excusans.
errasti " inquit "

Quam manu
mater,

allevans rex

"Non
est."

nam

et hic

Alexander
:

Bonum animum
tunc

habere eas
se visi

jussit
nil

Darii deinde
ille

fihum collo suo admovit.

Atque

conspectu

primum

conterritus, cervicem ejus

manibus amplectitur. Motus ergo rex constantia pueri, Hephasstionem intuens, " Quam vellem " in" quit " Darius ahquid ex hac indole hausisset
!

^^0^^
^C^IIfOjgJg.

LATIN READER

^^^^ook VIII.

Chapters

i,

2.]

Barbaras opulentiag in

illis

locis

haud

ulla sunt

majora indicia, quam magnis nemoribus saltibusque nobilium ferarum greges clausi. Spatiosas ad hoc ehgunt silvas, crebris perennium aquarum fontibus amoenas. Muris nemora cinguntur, turresque habent venantium receptacula.
astatibus

Quattuor continuis

intactum

saltum fuisse constabat;

quem

Alexander cum toto exercitu ingressus, agitari undique feras jussit. Inter quas cum leo magnitudinis rarag ipsum regem invasurus incurreret, forte Lysimachus (qui postea regnavit), proximus Alexandro, venabulum objicere feree coeperat. Quo rex repulso, et abire jusso, adjecit tam a semet uno quam a Lysimacho leonem interfici posse. Lysimachus enim quondam, cum venaretur in Syria, occiderat quidem eximiae magnitudinis feram solus, sed lagvo humero usque ad ossa laceratus ad ultimum pericuH pervenerat. Id ipsum exprobrans ei rex, fortius quam locutus est fecit. Nam feram non excepit modo, sed etiam uno vulnere occidit. Fabulam quae objectum leoni a rege Lysimachum temere vulgavit, ab eo casu quem supra diximus ortam esse crediderim. Ceterum Macedones, quamquam prospero eventu defunctus erat x\lexander, tamen scivere gentis suag more, ne aut pedes venaretur, aut sine delectis principum atque amicorum. Ille quattuor miHbus ferarum dejectis, in eodem saltu cum toto
exercitu epulatus
est.

Inde Maracanda reditum

est

acceptaque

aetatis

QUINTUS CURTIUS.

59

excusatione ab Artabazo, provinciam ejus destinat

Clito.

apud Granicum clipeo suo dimicantem capite regem

Hic
erat qui
sacis

amnem nudo
texit, et

manum
;

capiti regis

Rhoampuimminentem gladio
multisque
belhcis

tavit

vetus

Philippi

miles,

opcribus clarus.
dihgebatur.

Hellanice, quae

Alexandrum edu-

caverat, soror ejus,

haud secus quam mater a rege Ob has causas vahdissimam imperii

commisit.

partem

fidei ejus tuteleeque

Jamque
et

iter

parare in posterum jussus, solemni

adhibetur convivio.
isset

tempestivo
incaUi-

In quo rex

cum multo

mero, immodicus gestimator sui, celebrare quse gravis etiam eorum auribus qtii gesserat coepit Silentium tamen habusentiebant vera memorari.
;

ere

seniores,

donec Phihppi res orsus obterere,

nobilem apud Ch^eroneam victoriam sui operis fuisse jactavit, ademptamque sibi mahgnitate et invidia
patris tantae
inter
rei

gloriam

iUum quidem

seditione

Macedones mihtes et Grsecos mercenarios orta, debiUtatum vulnere quod in ea consternatione acceperat jacuisse, non aUas

quam

simulatione mortis

tutiorem

se corpus ejus protexisse

cUpeo suo, ruen;

tesque in

iUum sua manu occisos quae patrem agquo animo esse confessum, invitum fiUo numquam debentem salutem suam itaque post expeditionem
;

quam
sisse.

sine eo fecisset ipse in lUyrios, victorem scripse patri, fusos fugatosque hostes,
;

nec

aftuisse

usquam Phihppum Samothracum initia

antecessissent.

laude dignos esse,

viserent,

non qui
uri vasta-

cum Asiam

rique oportet, sed eos,

qui magnitudine rerum fidem

Haec

et his

simiUa

laeti

audiere juvenes

ingrata

senioribus

erant,

maxime

propter Phihppum, sub

6o quo

LATIN READER.
diutius vixerant
:

Clitus, ne ipse quidem ipsum cubabant conversus, Euripidis retulit carmen (ita ut sonus magis quam sermo exaudiri posset a rege), quo significabatur, " male instituisse Graecos quod tropasis regum dumtaxat nomina inscriberent alieno enim sanguine partam gloriam intercipi." Itaque rex cum suspicaretur malignius habitum esse sermonem, percontari proximos coepit quid ex Clito audissent. Et illis ad silentium obstinatis, Clitus paulatim ma-

cum

sobrius, ad eos qui infra

jore voce Philippi acta bellaque in Gragcia gesta

commemorat, omnia praesentibus

prgeferens.
;

Hinc
et rex,

inter juniores senesque orta contentio est

velut patienter audiret, quis CHtus obterebat laudes

ingentem iram conceperat. Ceterum cum animo videretur imperaturus, si finem procaciter orto sermoni CHtus imponeret, nihil eorum remittente magis exasperabatur. Jamque Chtus etiam
ejus,

Parmenionem defendere audebat, et Phihppi de Atheniensibus victoriam Thebarum prseferebat excidio

;

tione provectus.
quit

non vino modo, sed etiam animi prava contenAd ultimum, " Si moriendum " in" est pro te, CHtus est primus at cum victori^e
:

arbitrium agis, praecipuum ferunt, qui procacissime

Sogdianam regionem mihi attribuis, toties rebellem, et non modo indomiMittor ad tam, sed quae ne subigi quidem possit. feras bestias, prgecipitia ingenia sortitas. Sed quse
patris tui rnemoriae iUudunt.

ad

me

pertinent transeo.

PhiHppi mihtes spernis,

obHtus, nisi hic Atharrias senex juniores

pugnam

detrectantes revocasset, adhuc nos circa HaHcarnas-

sum cum

haesuros fuisse.
istis

Quomodo

ergo Asiam etiam

junioribus subjecisti?

Verum

est (ut opi-

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
nor) quod avunculum

6l

tuum

in Italia dixisse constat

ipsum

in viros incidisse, te in feminas."

Nihil ex omnibus inconsulte ac temere actis re-

gem magis
mentio

quam Parmenionis cum honore dolorem tamen rex pressit, contentus nec quidquam aHud jussisse ut convivio excederet
moverat,
;

illata

adjecit,

quam

forsitan

eum

(si diutius

locutus foret)

exprobraturum sibi fuisse vitam a semetipso datam hoc enim superbe spe jactasse. Atque illum cunctantem adhuc surgere, qui proximi ei cubuerant, injectis manibus, jurgantes monentesque conabantur abducere. Clitus cum abstraheretur, ad pristinam violentiam ira quoque adjecta, " Suo pectore tergum illius esse defensum nunc postquam tanti meriti '* praeterierit tempus, etiam memoriam invisam esse proclamat. Attali quoque caedem objiciebat et ad uhimum Jovis, quem patrem sibi Alexander assereret, oraculum eludens, veriora se regi, quam patrem
; ;

ejus, respondisse dicebat.

Jam tantum
victis,

irae

conceperat rex, quantum vix so-

brius ferre potuisset.

'Enimvero

oHm mero

sensibus

prosiluit. Attoniti amici, ne quidem sed abjectis poculis, consurgunt, in eventum rei quam tanto impetu acturus esset intenti. Alexander rapta lancea ex manibus armigeri, CHtum adhuc eadem Hnguae intemperantia furentem
positis

ex lecto repente

percutere conatus, a Ptolemaeo et Perdicca inhibetur.

Medium complexi
bantur
:

et obluctari perseverantem moraLysimachus et Leonnatus etiam lanceam abstulerant. IHe miHtum fidem implorans, comprehendi se a proximis amicorum, quod Dario nuper accidisset, exclamat signumque tuba dari, ut ad
;

regiam armati coirent, jubet.

Tum vero

Ptolemaeus

: :

62
et

LATIN READER.
Perdiccas genibus advoluti orant, ne in tam praeperseveret, spatiumque potius animo det
die justius exsecuturum.

cipiti ira

omnia postero
mi percurrit
qui

Sed

clausag

erant aures, obstrepente ira.

Itaque impotens ani-

in regiee vestibulum, et, vigili excubanti

iis

hasta ablata, constitit in aditu, quo necesse erat

simul

cenaverant egredi.
sine

Abierant

ceteri

Quem. rex "quisnam esset " Emlnebat etiam in voce sceleris quod parabat atrocitas. Et ille jam non suae, sed regis irse memor, Clitum esse, et de
Clitus

ultimus

lumine exibat.

interrogat.

convivio exire respondit.

transfixit,
"

Hagc dicentis
et

latus hasta
" I

morientisque sanguine aspersus,

nunc
et

"

inquit

ad

PhiHppum,

Parmenionem,

At-

talum."

Male humanis ingeniis natura consuluit, quod plerumque non futura, sed transacta perpendimus. Quippe rex postquam ira mente decesserat, etiam ebrietate discussa, magnitudinem facinoris sera asstimatione perspexit. Videbat tunc immodica hbertate abusum, sed ahoquin egregium bello virum, et
nisi

erubesceret

fateri,

servatorem

sui,

occisum.

Detestabile carnificis ministerium occupaverat rex,

verborum licentiam, quae vino poterat imputari, nefanda caede ultus.

paulo ante convivae
similes
;

Manabat

toto vestibulo

cruor

vigiles attoniti et stupentibus

procul

stabant, liberioremque poenitentiam

soHtudo excipiebat.
tis

evulsam

retorsit

Ergo hastam ex corpore jacenjamque admoverat in semet

:

pectori,

cum

advolant vigiles,

et

repugnanti e mani-

bus extorquent, aUevatumque in tabernaculum degemitu ferunt. IHe humi prostraverat corpus
;

ejulatuque miserabiH totam personans regiam.

La-

OUINTUS CURTIUS.

63

niare deinde os unguibus, et circumstantes rogare

ne se tanto dedecori superstitem esse paterentur. scrutantemInter has preces tota nox extracta est ad tantum ira Deorum nefas -actus esset, que, num
:

subit

anniversarium sacrificium Libero patri non

tempore.
Itaque inter vinum

esse redditum stato

et

epulas casde commissa, iram Dei fuisse mani-

festam.

Ceterum magis eo movebatur, quod omnium amicorum animos videbat attonitos neminem cum ipso vivendum esse sociare sermonem postea ausurum
;

in solitudine, velut feree bestiae terrenti alias, alias

timenti.

Prima deinde luce tabernaculo corpus, sicQuo posito ut adliuc cruentum erat, jussit inferri. " Hanc," inquit ''nutriante ipsum, lacrimis obortis, ci mee gratiam retuli, cujus duo filii apud Miletum pro mea gloria occubuere mortem hic frater, uni;

cum
est.

orbitatis solatium,

me

inter

epulas occisus

Quo nunc

se conferet misera?

Omnibus

ejus

unus supersum, quem solum asquis ocuHs videre non poterit. Et ego, servatorum meorum latro, revertar in patriam, ut ne dextram quidem nutrici, sine memoria calamitatis ejus, offerre possim " Et cum finis lacrimis querehsque non fieret, jussu amicorum Rex triduum jacuit inclusus. corpus ablatum est. Quem ut armigeri coporisque custodes ad morien!

dum

obstinatum esse cognoverunt, universi in taber-

naculum irrumpunt, diuque precibus ipsorum reQuoque luctatum a^gre vicerunt ut cibum caperet. minus csedis puderet, jure interfectum CHtum Macedones decernunt, sepultura quoque prohibituri, ni rex humari jussisset.

64

LATIN READER.

4.

Dcfcat 0/ Porus,
13, 14.]

[Book VIII. Chapters

Ad amnem Hydaspem

pervenit

in cujus ulteriore

ripa Porus consederat, transitu prohibiturus hostem.

Octoginta et quinque elephantos objecerat eximio corporum robore ultraque eos, currus trecentos et peditum triginta fere miHa in quis erant sagittarii gravioribus tehs quam ut apte excuti possent. Ipsum vehebat elephantus super ceteras beluas eminens armaque auro et argento distincta corpus rarae magnitudinis honestabant. Par animus robori corporis, et, quanta inter rudes poterat esse, sapientia. Macedonas non conspectus hostium solum, sed etiam fluminis quod transeundum erat magnitudo
;
:

terrebat.

Quattuor in latitudinem stadia diffusus

et

profundo alveo,
vasti

nusquam vada

aperiente, speciem

maris fecerat.

Nec
et

pro spatio aquarum late

;

stagnantium impetum coercebat

coeuntibus
ripis, torrens

sed quasi in arctum

:

eHsus ferebatur

occul-

taque saxa inesse ostendebant pluribus locis undae

repercussas.
virique
Terribilior erat facies ripae,

quam

equi

compleverant.
et

Stabant ingentes vastorum

irritatoe

corporum moles,

de industria

horrendo
hostis,

stridore aures fatigabant.

Hinc amnis hinc

:

capacia quidem bonae spei pectora, et ssepe se experta, improviso

instabiles rates

tamen pavore percusserant quippe

dirigi

nec

cari posse credebant.

ad ripam, nec tuto appliErant in medio amne insulae

crebrae, in quas Indi et

Macedones nantes,
Ibi

levatis

super capita armis,

conserebantur,
et

transibant.

levia
rei

proelia

uterque rex parvae

discrimine

QUINTUS CURTIUS.

65
in

summag experiebatur eventum.

fuere

Ceterum

Mace-

donum exercitu temeritate atque audacia insignes Symmachus et Nicanor, nobiles juvenes, et perpetua partium felicitate ad spernendum omne
periculum accensi.

Quis ducibus promptissimi ju-

venum lanceis modo armati transnavere in insulam, quam frequens hostis tenebat multosque Indorum, nulla re magis quam audacia armati, interemerunt. Abire cum gloria poterant, si umquam temeritas felix
;

inveniret

modum

sed

dum

supervenientes

con-

temptim et superbe quoque exspectant, circumventi ab his qui occulti enaverant, eminus obruti tehs Qui eftugerant hostem aut impetu amnis absunt.
lati

sunt, aut vorticibus impHciti.

Eaque pugna mul-

tum fiduciam Pori

erexit, cuncta cernentis e ripa.

Alexander inops consihi, tandem ad fallendum hostem talem dohim intendit. Erat insula in flumine amphor ceteris, silvestris eadem, et tegendis insidiis apta. Fossa quoque praealta haud procul ripa quam tenebat ipse, non pedites modo, sed etiam cum equis
viros poterat abscondere.

Igitur ut a custodia hujus

opportunitatis oculos hostium averteret, Ptoleniceum

cum omnibus
et

turmis obequitare jussit procul insula,

subinde Indos clamore

transnaturus foret.
id fecit,
ei parti,

terrere, quasi flumen Per complures dies Ptolemseus eoque consiho Porum quoque agmen suum

quam

se petere simulabat, coegit advertere.

Jam

extra conspectum hostis insula erat.

Alexan-

der in diversa parte ripge statui

jussit,

suum tabernaculum

id

assuetamque comitari ipsum cohortem ante tabernaculum stare, et omnem apparatum regioe magnificenticE hostium ocuhs de industria ostendi Attalum etiam aequalem sibi, et haud disparem

66

LATIN READER.

habitu oris et corporis (iitique

cum

procul viseretur)

veste regia exornat, prasbiturum speciem

ipsum

re-

gem

illi

ripse

prassidere, nec agitare

de transitu.
est,

Hujus

consilii
;

eftectum primo morata tempestas

Trajicere
insulas (de

mox

adjuvit

incommoda quoque ad bonos adventus

vertente
copiis in

fortuna.

amnem cum

ceteris
est)

regionem

qua ante dictum

parabat, averso hoste in eos qui

feriorem obsederant ripam

cum Ptolemaeo incum procella imbrem

;

vix sub tectis tolerabilem effundit

obrutique miHtes

nimbo
sertis.

in terram refugerunt, navigiis ratibusque de-

Sed tumultuantium
repressus
est

fremitus, obstrepentibus

ventis,
to

ab hoste non poterat audiri. Deinde

;

momen-

temporis

spissae intendere se nubes, ut

imber ceterum adeo conderent lucem, vixcaelo,

que colloquentium

inter ipsos facies noscitarentur.

Terruisset alium obducta nox

amne navigandum ripam, quam coeci

esset, forsitan hoste

cum ignoto eam ipsam

ex periculo

atque improvidi,

et

tatem, quae ceteros terrebat,

gloriam accersentes petebant, occupante. Obscurisuam occasionem ratus,

dato signo ut omnes silentio ascenderent, ratem eam qua ipse vehebatur primam jussit expelH. Vacua quippe adhuc erat ab hostibus ripa quas petebatur Una ergo Porus Ptolemeeum tantum intuebatur.
;

navi,

quam
;

petrae fluctus ilHserat, hserente, ceterae

et ire in

evadunt
jussit.

armaque capere miHtes,

in

ordinem

cornua divisum ipse ducebat, cum Poro nuntiatur, armis virisque ripam obtineri, et rerum adesse discrimen. Ac primo, humani ingenii vitio, spei sua^ indulgens, Abisaren beHi so-

Jamque agmen

cium, (et

ita

convenerat,) adventare credebat.

Mox

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
liquidiore luce aperiente hostem,
et

6*f

centum quadrigas equitum venienti agmini Porus Dux erat copiarum quas prasmisit Hages objecit. summa virium in curribus. Senos frater ipsius viros singuli vehebant, duos clipeatos, duos sagittaquattuor
milia
;

aurigce erant ab utroque latere dispositos haud sane inermes, quippe jacula complura, ubi cominus proeliandum erat, omissis habenis, in hostem ingerebant. Ceterum vix ullus usus hujus Namque (ut supra dictum est) auxiHi eo die fuit.
rios,
;

ceteri

imber violentius quam ahas fusus, campos lubricos gravesque et propemodum et inequitabiles fecerat
:

immobiles currus

illuvie

ac voraginibus hasrebant.

Contra Alexander expedito ac levi agmine strenue Scythae et Dahas primi omnium invainvectus est.
sere Indos
:

Perdiccam deinde cum equitibus

in dex-

trum cornu hostium emisit. Jam undique pugna se moverat, cum hi qui currus agebant, illud ultimum auxilium suorum rati,
effusis

habenis in

runt.

Anceps

id

medium discrimen ruere coepemalum utrisque erat nam et

:

Macedonum
et

pedites

primo

impetu obterebantur,
turbati equi

per lubrica atque invia immissi currus excutiebant

;

eos a quibus regebantur

in voragines

aHorum

non

modo lacunasque,
;

sed etiam in

amnem
cientem.

prascipitavere curricula

pauci tehs hostium exacti

penetravere ad Porum, acerrime

Is, ut dissipatos tota acie

pugnam

bus

vidit,

currus vagari sine rectoriproximis amicorum distribuit elephantos.

Post eos posuerat pedites

pulsare soHtos.

ac sagittarios tympana

Id pro cantu tubarum Indis erat

nec strepitu eorum movebantur,

num

auribus mitigatis.

oHm ad notum soHercuHs simulacrum agmi-

68

LATIN READER.
;

ni peclitum praeferebatur

id

maximum

erat bellan-

tibus

incitamentum
his qui

et

deseruisse gestantes militare

Capitis etiam sanxerant poe;

flagitium habebatur.

ex acie non retuhssent metu quem ex quondam conceperant, etiam in rehgionem venerationemque converso. Macedonas non beluarum modo, sed etiam ipsius regis aspectus parumper
iUo hoste
inhibuit.

nam

Beluge, dispositae inter armatos, speciem

turrium

procul

fecerant.

Ipse

Porus

magnitudinis
tur,

propemodum

excesserat

humanae formam.

Magnitudini adjicere videbatur belua qua vehebatantum inter ceteras eminens, quantum ahis
Itaque Alexander contemplatus
et

ipse praestabat.

regem
et
"

et

ag-

men Indorum,

"

Tandem "

inquit " par

animo meo

periculum video.
giis viris res est."

Cum

bestiis

simul

cum

egre-

Intuensque Coenon,
et

Cum

ego"

inquit

"

Ptolemaso Perdiccaque

Hepheestione co-

viderisque

impetum fecero, medio ardore certaminis, ipse dextrum move, et turbatis signa infer. Tu, Antigene, et tu Leonnate, et Tauron, invehemini in mediam
mitatus, in lcevum hostium cornu

me

in

aciem,

et urgebitis

frontem.

Hastce

nostr^e

prge-

longas et vahdas non

ahas magis

quam

adversus
:

beluas rectoresque earum usui esse

poterunt

de-

turbate eos qui vehuntur, et ipsas confodite.

AnIn

ceps genus auxihi

est, et in

suos acrius

furit.

hostem enim imperio,

pavore agitur." elocutus, concitat equum primus jamque (ut

in suos
;

Haec
desti-

natum

erat) invaserat ordines hostium,

cum Coenus

ingenti vi in leevum cornu invehitur.

Phalanx quoque mediam Indorum aciem uno impetu perrupit. At Porus, qua equitem invehi senserat, beluas agi

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
jussit
:

69

sed tardum

et

paene immobile animal equo-

rum velocitatem
quidem

asquare non poterat.

Ne

sagittarum

Quippe longas et praggraves, nisi prius in terra statuerunt arcum, haud satis apte et commode imponunt tum humo lubrica
ullus erat barbaris usus.
:

ob id impediente conatum, mohentes ictus, celeritate hostium occupabantur. Ergo spreto regis imet

perio (quod fere

fit,

ubi turbatis acrius metus

quam

dux imperare coepit) totidem erant imperatores quot agmina errabant. Ahus jungere aciem, ahus dividere
;

stare

quidam,

et

nonnuHi circumvehi terga

hostium jubebant.

Nihil in

medium

consulebatur.

Porus tamen cum paucis, quibus metu potior fuerat

pudor, cohigere dispersos, obvius hosti
ire pergit,

elephantosque ante

agmen suorum

agi jubet.

Ma-

gnum
viros

beluae injecere terrorem, insohtusque stridor

non equos modo, tam pavidum ad omnia animal, sed quoque ordinesque turbaverat. Jam fugag circumspiciebant locum paulo ante victores, cum Alexander Agrianos et Thracas leviter armatos, mehorem concursatione quam cominus mihtem, emisit in beluas. Ingentem hi vim telorum injecere et elephantis et regentibus eos. Phalanx quoque instare constanter territis coepit. Sed quidam avidius persecuti beluas, in semet irritavere vulneribus. Obtriti ergo pedibus earum, ceteris ut parcius instarent fuere documentum. Praecipue
terribihs iha facies erat,

cum manu arma

virosque
'.

corriperent, et super se regentibus traderent.

An-

ceps ergo pugna, nunc sequentium nunc fugientium

traxit,

multum diei varium certamen exdonec securibus (id namque genus auxihi praeparatum erat) pedes amputare coeperunt. Coelephantos, in

70
pidas vocabant
similes,

LATIN READER.
gladios
leviter

curvatos,

falcibus

quis

appetebant beluarum manus.

Nec

quidquam inexpertum, non mortis modo, sed etiam

in ipsa morte, novi supplicii timor omittebat.

Ergo elephanti vulneribus tandem

fatigati suos

impetu sternunt, et qui rexerant eos praecipitati in terram ab ipsis obterebantur. Itaque pecorum modo, magis pavidi quam infesti, ultra aciem exigebantur cum Porus, destitutus a pluribus, tela multo ante
praeparata in circumfusos ex elephanto suo coepit
ingerere,

multisque

eminus vulneratis,
pectore exceperat

expositus
vul-

ipse ad ictus undique petebatur.

Novem jam
:

multoque sanguine profuso, hmguidis manibus magis ehxpsa quam excussa tela mittebat. Nec segnius belua,
nera hinc tergo
illinc

instincta rabie,
;

nondum

saucia, invehebatur ordini-

bus donec rector beluag regem conspexit lluentibus membris, omissisque armis vix compotem mentis. Tum beluam in fugam concitat, sequente Alexandro
;

sed equus ejus multis vulneribus confossus de-

ficiensque procubuit, posito magis rege

quam

effuso.

Itaque

dum equum

mutat, tardius insecutus

est.

Interim frater Taxilis regis Indorum, praemissus

ab Alexandro, monere coepit Porum, ne ukima exAt ille, periri perseveraret, dederetque se victori.

quamquam
guis,

exhaustag erant vires deficiebatque sanexcitatus,

tamen ad notam vocem

;

"Agnosco"

inquit "Taxilis fratrem, imperii regnique sui prodi-

unum forte non effluxerat, quod per medium pectus penetravit ad tergum. Hoc uUimo virtutis opere edito, fugere acrius coepit sed elephantus quoque qui multa exceperat tela deficiebat. Itaque sistit fugam,
toris
" et

telum, quod

contorsit in

eum

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
peditemque sequenti hosti
resistentibus parci.
in
objecit.

7l

Jam Alexander

consecutus erat, et pertinacia Pori cognita, vetabat

Ergo undique et in pedites et ipsum Porum tela congesta sunt; quis tandem Indus, qui elephangravatus, labi ex belua coepit.
:

tum regebat, descendere eum ratus, more solito elephantum procumbere jussit in genua qui ut se submisit, caeteri quoque (ita enim instituti erant) demisere corpora in terram.
ros victoribus tradidit.

Ea

res et

Porum

et cete-

Rex

spoHari corpus Pori, interemptum esse cre-

dens, jubet, et qui detraherent loricam vestemque

concurrere

cum

belua

dominum

tueri et

spoHantes

coepit appetere,

levatumque corpus ejus rursus dorso Ergo tehs undique obruitur, confossuo imponere. Quem soque eo, in vehiculum Porus imponitur. miserarex ut vidit allevantem oculos, non odio sed tione commotus, " Quae, malum " inquit " amentia
1

te coegit,

rerum mearum cognita fama belH,

fortu-

nam
tiae

experiri, ciim Taxiles esset in deditos

clemen-

meae tam propinquum tibi exemplum?" At iUe, "Quoniam" inquit "percontaris, respondebo ea HbNeminem me ertate quam interrogando fecisti. Meas enim noveram fortiorem esse censebam. fortiorem esse te beHi vires, nondum expertus tuas docuit eventus. Sed ne sic quidem parum feHx
:

sum, secundus

tibi."

Rursus interrogatus, quid

:

ipse "victorem statuere debere censeret

Quod hic " inquit " dies tibi suadet, quo expertus es quam caduca feHcitas esset." Plus monendo profecit, quam
"
si

precatus

esset.

ejus interritam ac ne fortuna

Quippe magnitudinem animi quidem infractam, non

misericordia modo, sed etiam honore excipere di-

f2

LATIN READER.
est.

gnatus
in

-^grum
;

curavit

haud secus quam

;

si

pro

ipso pugnasset

confirmatum contra spem omnium

recepit

amicorum numerum

mox

donavit amplihabuit,
;

ore regno

quam

tenuit.

Nec

sane quidquam inge-

nium

ejus

solidius

aut

constantius
et

quam

admirationem verae

laudis

glorias

simpHcius

tamen famam aestimabat in hoste quam in cive. Quippe a suis credebat magnitudinem suam destrui posse eamdem clariorem fore, quo majores fuis;

sent quos ipse vicisset.

5.

TTie

Indian Ocean,
9, 10.]

[Book IX. Chapters

Hinc
est.

in

proximam gentem Pataliam perventum

erat Moeris, qui urbe deserta in montes

Rex

profugerat. Itaque Alexander oppido potitur, agros-

Magnae inde praedae actee sunt que populatur. pecorum armentorumque, magna vis reperta fruDucibus deinde sumptis amnis peritis, dementi. fluxit ad insulam medio ferme alveo enatam.
Ibi diutius subsistere coactus, quia

duces socor-

dius

asservati profugerant,
:

misit qui conquirerent

nec repertis, pervicax cupido incessit visendi terminos mundi, ut sine regionis peritis, flumini ignoto caput suum totque Navifortissimorum virorum salutem permitteret.
ahos

Oceanum adeundique

gabant ergo omnium per quae ferebantur ignari quantum inde abesset mare, quse gentes colerent,

quam placidum amnis

navium
tur.
felicitas.

os,

quam

patiens

longarum
augurabaperpetua

esset,

anceps
erat

et caeca

asstimatio

Unum

temeritatis

solatium,
stadia

Jam

quadringenta

processerant.

QLHNTUS CURTIUS.

73

cum gubernatores agnoscere ipsos auram maris, et haud procul videri sibi Oceanum abesse, indicant
regi.

L^etus
;

ille

hortari nauticos coepit

incumbevotis ex-

rent remis

adesse finem laboris

nihil

omnibus
nihil

petitum
virtuti
;

jam

gloriae

deesse,

obstare

sine ullo Martis discrimine, sine sanguine,

illis

orbem terr^ ab

capi
;

ne naturam quidem lon-

gius posse procedere

brevi incognita nisi immor-

tahbus esse visuros.

Paucos tamen navigio emisit in ripam, qui agrestes vagos exciperent, e quibus Illi scrutati omnia certiora nosci posse sperabat.

tuguria,

tandem

hitentes reperere.

Qui

interrogati

quam
ipsos

procul

abessent mari responderunt nullum

;

ceterum mare ne fama quidem accepisse quae amaram, tertio die perveniri posse ad 'aquam corrumperet dulcem. Intellectum est mare destinari
ab ignaris natur^ ejus. Itaque ingenti alacritate nautici remigant, et proximo quoque die, quo propius spes admovebatur, crescebat ardor animorum. Tertio jam die mixtum flumini subibat mare, leni

adhuc gestu confundente dispares undas. Tum aham insulam medio amni sitam evecti paulo lentius, quia cursus gestu reverberabatur, applicant classem, et ad

commeatus petendos discurrunt,

qui supervenit ignaris.

securi casus ejus

Tertia ferme hora erat,

exaestuans invehi
coepit,

cum
et

stata vice

Oceanus

flumen urgere. Quod primo coercitum, deinde vehementius pulsum, majore impetu adversum agebatur quam torrentia praecipiti alveo incurrunt. Ignota vulgo freti natura
retro
erat,

monstraque et irse deum indicia cernere videbantur. Identidem intumescens mare, et in campos paulo ante siccos descendere superfusum. Jamque

74

LATIN READER.

levatis navigiis, et tota classe dispersa, qui expositi

erant undique ad naves trepidi et improviso malo

attoniti recurrunt.

Sed

in tumultu festinatio

quoque

tarda

est.

Hi

contis navigia appellebant, hi

jemos

aptari

prohibebant consederant.

dum Quidam

enavigare properantes, sed non exspectatis qui simul esse debebant, clauda et inhabiHa navigia languide

moHebantur
receperant
;

aHas

navium inconsulte ruentes non

festi-

pariterque et muhitudo et paucitas

Clamor hinc exspectare hinc ire jubentium, dissoneeque voces nusquam idem atque unum tendentium, non oculorum modo usum sed
nantes morabatur.

etiam aurium

abstulerant.

Ne

in

gubernatoribus

quidem quidquam opis erat, quorum nec exaudiri vox a tumultuantibus poterat, nec imperium a terriErgo coUidi inter se tis incompositisque servari. naves, abstergerique invicem remi, et ahi aHorum navigia urgere coeperunt. Crederes non unius exercitus classem vehi, sed duorum navale inisse certamen. Incutiebantur puppibus prorae
;

premebantur

a sequentibus qui antecedentes turbaverant; jurgantium ira perveniebat etiam ad manus.

Jamque
parvis
;

agstus totos circa

flumen campos inunda-

verat, tumuHs dumtaxat eminentibus, veluti insuHs

enare coeperunt.
haerebat,

quos plerique trepidi omissis navigiis Dispersa classis partim in prasaUa aqua stabat, qua subsederant vaHes partim in vado
in
;

utcumque inaequale
;

terras fastigium

occu-

paverant undas
terror

cum

subito novus et pristino major

incutitur.

Reciprocari coepit mare,

magno

tractu aquis in

suum fretum

recurrentibus, redde-

batque terras

paulo ante profundo salo mersas.

Igitur destituta navigia

aHa praecipitantur

in proras,

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
alia in latera
cinis,

75

procumbunt.

armis,

fragmentis.

Strati erant campi saravulsarum tabularum remorumque Miles nec egredi in terram, nec in

naves

subsistere

audebat,

identidem pragsentibus
exspectans.

graviora quas

sequerentur
ipsos
:

Vix quae
;

perpetiebantur videre
naufragia, in amni

credebant

in
;

sicco

sestum

mare nec finis malorum quippe paulo post mare relaturum, quo navigia

allevarentur, ignari,

famem

et

ultima sibimet omi-

nabantur.
biles

Belute quoque fluctibus destitutse, terriappetebat, et

vagabantur.

Jamque nox
victum

ratio salutis aegritudine affecerat.

regem quoque despeNon tamen inquin

tota

animum

curae

obruunt,
rursus

nocte

persideret in speculis, equitesque prasmitteret ad os

amnis, ut

cum mare

exaestuare

sensissent

prgecederent.

Navigia quoque

et lacerata refici, et

eversa fluctibus erigi jubet, paratosque esse et intentos

cum

rursus

mare

nocte

inter

vigilias

Tota ea adhortationesque consumpta,

terras inundasset.
leni tractu subeuntibus,
totis

celeriter et equites ingenti cursu refugere, et secutus

est aestus.

Qui primo, aquis

;

coepit levare navigia

mox
;

campis inundans,

plaususque militum nauticorumque, insperatam salutem immodico celebrantium

etiam impulit classem
gaudio, litoribus ripisque resonabat.
redisset subito

Unde tantum

mare? quo

pridie refugisset? quae-

nam

esset ejusdem elementi natura, modo discors, modo imperio temporum obnoxia? mirabundi requirebant. Rex cum ex eo quod acciderat conjec-

taret post solis

ortum statum tempus

esse,

de media

nocte, ut aestum occuparet,

cum

paucis navigiis se-

cundo amne

def^uxit

evectusque os ejus quadrin-

76

LATIN READER.

genta stadia processit in mare, tandem voti sui compos prsesidibusque et maris et locorum diis sacrificio facto, ad classem rediit.
;

Hinc adversum flumen

subit classis

et altero die

appulsa est hcmd procul lacu salso, cujus incognita natura plerosque decepit temere ingressos aquam
;

contagium morbi etiam in alios vulgatum est. Oleum remedio fuit. Leonnato deinde prgemisso ut puteos foderet, qua terrestri itinere ducturus exercitum videbatur (quippe sicca erat regio), ipse cum copiis substitit, vernum tempus exspectans. Interim et urbes portusque condidit. Nearcho atque Onesicrito, nauticag rei peritis, imperavit, ut validissimas navium deducerent in Oceanum, progressique quoad tuto possent, naturam maris noscerent vel eodem amne, vel Euphrate subire eos posse, cum reverti ad se vellent. Jamque mitigata hieme, et navibus quag inutiles videbantur crematis, terra ducebat exercitum. Haud multo post Nearchus et Onesicritus, quos
et
: . . .

quippe scabies corpora invasit,

longius in
unt.

Oceanum

procedere jusserat, superveni-

Nuntiabant autem quasdam audita, aha comperta insulam ostio amnis subjectam auro abundare, inopem equorum esse singulos eos ab iis qui ex continenti trajicere auderent, singuHs talentis emi plenum esse beluarum mare aestu secundo eas
:

ferri,

magnarum navium

corpora agquantes

;.

truci

cantu deterritas sequi classem,

strepitu, velut

cum magno

agquoris

demersa navigia, subisse aquas.

;

Ce-

tera incolis crediderant

inter que

Rubrum mare
conti-

non a colore undarum,

Erythro rege appellari

ut plerique crederent, sed ab

;

esse

haud procul a

nenti insulam palmis frequentibus consitam, et in

QUINTUS CURTIUS.

77
re-

medio
gis

fere

nemore columnam eminere, Erythri

litteris

monmnentum,

gentis ejus scriptam.

Ad-

jiciebant, navigia quas lixas

mercatoresque vexissent,

famam

auri secutis gubernatoribus, in insulam esse

transmissa, nec deinde

ab his postea visa.

accensus, rursus

Rex
eos

cognoscendi

phu-a

cupidine

terram legere jubet, donec ad Euphratem appelleinde adverso amne Babyionem subirent classem Ipse animo infinita complexus statuerat, turos. omni ad Orientem maritima regione perdomita, ex
;

Syria petere Africam, Karthagini infensus

inde

Numidiae sohtudinibus peragratis, cursum Gades ibi namque columnas Hercuhs esse fama dirigere vulgaverat Hispanias deinde, quam Iberiam Grasci

flumine

Ibero vocabant,

adire

et

pra^tervehi

Alpes, Itahaeque oram, unde in Epirum brevis curIgitur Mesopotamiae prsetoribus imperavit, sus est. materia in Libano monte c^esa devectaque ad urbem Syrias Thapsacum, septingentarum carinas navium ponere septiremes omnes esse, deducique Cypriorum regibus imperatum, ut Babyloniam
;
:

aes

stupamque

et

vela.praeberent.

6.

Death of Alexander,
[Book X. Chapter
5.]

Intuentibus lacrimae

obortae

praebuere

speciem

jam non regem sed funus ejus visentis exercitus. Maeror tamen circumstantium lectum eminebat. Quos ut aspexit, " Invenietis " inquit " cum excesIncredibile sero, dignum tahbus viris regem?" dictu audituque, in eodem habitu corporis in quem
se

composuerat cum admissurus mihtes

esset,

du-

J8
rasse,

LATIN READER.
donec a toto exercitu illud ultimum persaludimissoque vulgo, velut omni vitae debito
:

tatus est

membra rejecit propiusque (nam et vox deficere jam coeperat), detractum anulum digito Perdiccae tradidit, adjectis mandatis ut corpus suum ad Hammonem
liberatus,

fatigata

adire jussis amicis

ferri juberent.

Quaerentibus his
ei

" cui relinqueret re;

gnum?"

ceterum ob id certamen magnos funebres ludos parari sibi." Rursus Perdicca interrogante "quando coelestes honores haberi sibi vellet?" dixit,
providere

respondit, "

qui esset optimus

jam

se,

"tum
vox

velle,

cum

ipsi

fehces essent."

Suprema

haec

fuit regis, et

paulo post exstinguitur.

Ac primo
regia

ploratu lamentisque et planctibus tota

:

personabat

mox

velut

in

vasta

solitudine

omnia

tristi silentio

muta torpebant, ad cogitationes

assueti,

quid deinde futurum esset dolore converso.

pueri, custodi^ corporis ejus

Nobiles nec doloris magnitudinem capere nec se ipsos intra vestibulum vagique et furentibus regiae tenere potuerunt similes totam urbem luctu ac meerore compleverant
;

nulHs

questibus

omissis

quos in taU casu dolor

suggerit.

Ergo
riter

qui extra regiam astiterant

Macedones pavicti

barbarique concurrunt,

nec poterant

victoribus in

communi

dolore discerni.

Persee jus-

tissimum ac mitissimum dominum, Macedones opti-

mum

quoddam

regem invocantes, certamen Ncc maestorum solum, exaudiebantur, tam voces indignantium sed etiam
ac fortissimum
ma^roris edebant.
aetatis

viridem, et in flore

fortunaeque, invidia

deum

ereptum esse rebus humanis. Vigor ejus et vultus educentis in proehum milites, obsidentis urbes, eva-

QUINTUS CURTIUS.

79

dentis in muros, fortes viros pro concione donantis,

occurrebant oculis.
nores negasse
ei

Tum

Macedones divinos ho;

poenitebat

impiosque

et ingratos

fuisse se confitebantur,

quod aures

ejus debita ap-

pellatione fraudassent.

Et cum diu nunc in veneratione nunc in desiderio

regis haesissent, in ipsos versa miseratio est.

Mace-

donia profecti ultra Euphratem, in mediis hostibus

novum imperium
cernebant
:

aspernantibus, destitutos se esse

pubHcas vires ad se quemque tracturum. Bella deinde civiha, iterum quae secuta sunt, mentibus augurabantur non de regno Asias, sed de rege, ipsis sanguinem
sine certo regis h^erede,
:

esse

fundendum
;

novis vulneribus veteres rumpen-

das cicatrices
a justo rege,
satelHtis

senes, debiles,

modo

petita missione

nunc morituros pro potentia

forsitan

ahcujus ignobihs.

Has cogitationes volventibus nox supervenit terroremque auxit. MiHtes in armis yigilabant Babylonii, aHus e muris aHus culmine sui quisque tecti, prospectabant quasi certiora visuri. Nec quisquam lumina audebat accendere. Et quia oculorum cessabat usus, fremitus vocesque auribus captabant ac plerumque vano metu territi, per obscuras semitas
; ;

aHus aHi occursantes, invicem suspecti ac

ferebantur.
Persse,

soHiciti

comis suo more detonsis,

in

lugubri veste,

torem

et

cum conjugibus ac Hberis, non ut vicmodo hostem, sed ut gentis suas justissi-

mum

regem, vero desiderio lugebant. Assueti sub rege vivere, non aHum qui imperaret ipsis digniorem
fuisse confitebantur.

Nec muris

urbis luctus continebatur, sed proxiea, deinde

mam

regionem ab

magnam

partem Asiae

8o
cis

LATIN READER.

Euphratem tanti mali fama pervaserat. Ad matrem celeriter perlata est. Abscisa ergo veste qua induta erat, lugubrem sumpsit laAssidebat ceratisque crinibus humi corpus abjecit. ei altera ex neptibus, nuper amissum Hephaestionem
Darii quoque
;

cui nupserat lugens, propriasque causas doloris in

communi m^estitia retractabat. Sed omnium suorum mala Sisygambis una capiebat. Illa suam,
Recens dolor etiam praeCrederes modo amissum Dariterita revocaverat. um, et pariter miserag duorum fiHorum exsequias
illa

neptium vicem

flebat.

esse

ducendas.

Quem

Flebat simul mortuos vivosque. enim pueUarum acturum esse curam? quem
iterum esse se captas,

ahum futurum Alexandrum?

iterum excidisse
regno.
;

Qui mortuo Dario ipsas tueretur, reperisse qui post Alexandrum respiceret, Subibat inter hagc animum, utique non reperturas. octoginta fratres suos eodem die ab Ocho sasvissimo

regum

patrem

adjectumque stragi tot fiHorum septem Hberis, quos genuisset ipsa, unum ipsum Darium floruisse pauHsper, ut superesse crudeHus posset extingui. Ad uhimum dolori succubuit, obvolutoque capite assidentes genibus suis
trucidatos,
e
;

neptem nepotemque aversata, cibo pariter abstinuit Quinto postquam mori statuerat die exet luce. Magnum profecto Alexandro indulgentincta est. tiae in eam, justitiseque in omnes captivos, documentum est mors hujus quge cum sustinuisset post Darium vivere, Alexandro esse superstes erubuit. Et (hercule) juste aestimantibus regem Hquet, bona naturae ejus fuisse vitia vel fortunge, vel asta:

tis.

Vis incredibiHs animi laboris patientia propemodum nimia fortitudo non inter reges modo
;

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
excellens, sed inter illos
;

Sl

quoque quorum haec sola majora tribuentis quam a diis petuntur clementia in devictos tot regna aut reddita quibus ea dempserat bello, aut dono data mortis, cujus metus ceteros exanimat, perpetua contemptio gloriag laudisque ut justo major cupido, ita ut juveni et in tantis admittenda rebus jam pietas erga parentes, quorum Olympiada immortalitati consecrare decreverat, Philippum ultus erat jam in omnes fere amicos benignitas, erga miHtes benevirtus fuit
liberalitas sepe
;

volentia

consilium par magnitudini animi, et quan;

tam vix poterat astas ejus capere, sollertia modus immodicarum cupiditatum ingentes profecto dotes
:

erant.

Illa fortunce

diis

asquare

se,

et

caslestes

honores accersere,
dere
;

et

taha suadentibus oraculis crein

et

dedignantibus venerari ipsum vehementius

esset irasci
; ;

quam par

externum habitum mutare imitari devictarum gentium mores, quos ante victoriam spreverat. Nam iracundiam et cupidinem vini sicuti juventa irritaverat, ita seneccorporis cultum
tus mitigare potuisset.

Fatendum

est

tamen,

cum

pku*imum

virtuti

debuerit, plus debuisse fortunae,

in potestate habuit.

quam

solus

omnium mortahum

Quoties illum a morte revocavit? quoties temere in

pericula vectum perpetua fehcitate protexit?
Vitse

quoque finem eumdem

spectavere

ilH

quem

gloriee statuit.

Ex-

eum

fata,

dum

Oriente perdomito, adito-

que Oceano, quidquid mortaHtas capiebat, impleret. Itaque nomen quoque ejus, et fama rerum, in totum propemodum orbem reges ac regna diffudit clarissimique sunt habiti, qui etiam minimae parti tantae
;

fortunae adhaeserunt.

IV.

CORNELIUS NEPOS.

LIFE OF HANNIBAL.
(B.C. 247-183.)

Hannibal, Hamilcaris

filius,

Karthaginiensis.

Si

verum est, quod nemo dubitat, ut populus Romanus omnes gentes virtute superarit, non est infitiandum, Hannibalem tanto prgestitisse ceteros imperatores
prudentia, quanto populus

Romanus

antecedat

forti-

tudine cunctas nationes.

Nam

quotiescumque cum
invidia
debilitatus

eo congressus est in Italia, semper discessit superior.

Quod
esset,

nisi

domi civium suorum

Sed multorum obtrectatio devicit unius virtutem. Hic autem, velut hereditate relictum, odium patervideretur superare potuisse.

Romanos

num

Romanos sic conservavit, ut prius animum quam id deposuerit qui quidem, cvim patria pulsus esset, et alienarum opum indigeret, numquam destiterit animo bellare cum Romanis. Nam, ut omittam PhiHppum, quem absens hostem omnium his temporibus potentisreddidit Romanis simus rex Antiochus fuit. Hunc tanta cupiditate
erga
;

incendit behandi, ut usque a

Rubro mari arma

co-

natus
sent

sit

rnferre ItaHas.

Ad quem cum
ejus

legati venis-

darentque operam

vokmtate explorarent, Hannibalem in suspicionem regi adducerent, tamquam ab neque id ipsis corruptum aha atque antea sentire
consiliis clandestinis, ut
;

Romani, qui de

CORNELIUS NEPOS.
frustra fecissent, idque

8^

Hannibal comperisset, seque tempore dato adiit ad regem, eique cum multa de tide sua et odio in Romanos commemorasset, hoc adjunxit " Pater meus " inquit " Hamilcar, puerulo me, utpote non amplius novem annos nato, in Hispaniam imperator proficiscens Karthagine, Jovi Optimo Maximo hostias immolavit. Quas divina res dum conficiebatur, qusesivit a me, vellemne secum in castra
ab interioribus consiliis segregari vidisset
;

proficisci?

Id

cum Hbenter
'

accepissem, atque ab

eo petere coepissem ne dubitaret ducere,

tum

ille

'Faciam,' inquit
ris.'

si

fidem mihi

quam

postulo dede-

ficare instituerat

Simul me ad aram adduxit, apud quam sacrieamque ceteris remotis tenentem

;

jurare jussit,
nis fore.

numquam me

in amicitia

cum Roma-

Id ego jusjurandum patri datum usque ad hanc etatem ita conservavi, ut nemini dubium esse

debeat quin reHquo tempore eadem mente sim futu-

Quare, si quid amice de Romanis cogitabis, non imprudenter feceris si me celaris cum quidem bellum parabis, te ipsum frustraberis si non me in
rus.
;

eo principem posueris."

Hac igitur qua diximus setate, cum patre in Hispaniam profectus est cujus post obitum, Hasdrubale imperatore sufiecto, equitatui omni pragfuit. Hoc quoque interfecto, exercitus summam imperii ad eum detuHt. Id, Karthaginem delatum, pubHce comprobatum est. Sic Hannibal, minor quinque et viginti annis natus, imperator factus, proximo triennio omnes gentes Hispani^e beUo subegit Saguntum foideratam civitatem vi expugnavit tres exercitus maximos comparavit. Ex his unum in Africam misit, alterum cum Hasdrubale fratre in Hispania
: : ;

; ;

84
reliquit,

LATIN READER.

tertium in Italiam secum duxit. Saltum Pyrenaeum transiit. Quacumque iter fecit, cum omnibus incolis conflixit neminem nisi victum dimisit. Ad Alpes posteaquam venit, quae Italiam ab
;

Gallia sejungunt, quas

nemo umquam cum

exercitu

ante eum, pragter

facto
is

Herculem Graium,
;

transierat (quo

hodie

saltus

Graius appellatur), Alpicos

loca patefecit
ire

conantes prohibere transitu concidit

itinera muniit
;

eftecit ut

ea elephantus ornatus

posset,

repere.
venit.

qua antea unus homo inermis vix poterat Hac copias traduxit, in ItaHamque per-

Conflixerat apud

Rhodanum cum
eumque
pepulerat.

P.

CorneHo

hoc eodem Clastidi apud Padum decernit, sauciumque Tertio idem Scipio, cum inde ac fugatum dimittit. collega Tiberio Longo, apud Trebiam adversus eum
Scipione consule,
venit
:

Cum

cum

his

manum

conseruit

utrosque
transit,

profli-

gavit.

Inde per Ligures Apenninum

petens

Etruriam. Hoc itinere adeo gravi morbo afficitur oculorum, ut postea numquam dextro teque bene Qua valetudine cum etiam nunc premereusus sit. tur, lecticaque ferretur, C. Flaminium consulem

apud Trasimenum cum exercitu

tumoccidit; neque
torem,
in

insidiis

circumven-

cum Apuham

delecta

muUo manu

post C. Centenium praesaltus

pervenit.

Ibi

occupantem. Hinc obviam ei venerunt duo

consules, C. Terentius et L. Paulus ^mihus. Utriusque exercitus uno pro^Ho [Cannensi] fugavit Paulum consulem occidit, et ahquot praeterea consulares, in his Cn. ServiHum Geminum, qui anno

superiore fuerat consul.

Hac pugna pugnata Romam

profectus est, nullo

CORNELIUS NEPOS.
resistente.
est.

85

In propinquis urbis montibus moratus

aliquot ibi dies castra habuisset, et re-

Cum

verteretur

Capuam, Q^ Fabius Maximus

in agro

dictator

Falerno se ei objecit. Hic clausus locorum angustiis, noctu sine ullo detrimento exercitus

Romanus

se expedivit
:

Fabio, callidissimo imperatori,

nocte, sarmenta in

dedit verba

namque obducta

cornibus juvencorum deligata incendit, ejusque generis

multitudinem

magnam

dispalatam immisit.

Quo
sit

repentino objectu viso, tantum terrorem injecit

exercitui

ausus.

diebus,

Romanorum, ut egredi extra vallum nemo Hanc post rem gestam non ita multis M. Minucium Rufum magistrum equitum,
productum
in proe-

pari ac dictatorem imperio, dolo

lium, fugavit.

Ti.

Sempronium Gracchum, iterum

consulem, in Lucanis absens, in insidias inductum

sustuHt.

sulem, apud Venusiam pari

gum
erit
rit
:

est

M. Claudium Marcelhim, quinquies conmodo interfecit. Lonenumerare proeha. Quare hoc unum satis
in Itaha fuit,

dictum, ex quo intelhgi possit quantus iUe fue-

quamdiu

nemo adversus eum, campo castra posuit.

Hinc
gessit adversus P.

post

nemo ei in acie restitit Cannensem pugnam, in

invictus, patriam

defensum revocatus, beUum

Scipionis fihum

quem

ipse pri-

mum

apud Rhodanum, iterum apud Padum, tertio apud Trebiam fugerat. Cum hoc, exhaustis jam
imprgesentiarum

patrige facultatibus, cupivit

behum

componere, quo valentior postea congrederetur. In cohoquium convenit conditiones non convenerunt. Post id factum paucis diebus, apud Zamam cum eo;

dem

conflixit

pulsus (incredile

dictu)

biduo

et

duabus noctibus Adrumetum pervenit, quod abest a

86

LATIN READER.

Zama circiter milia passuum trecenta. In hac fuga Numidce, qui simul cum eo ex acie excesserant, insidiati sunt ei quos non solum eftugit, sed etiam ipsos oppressit. Adrumeti reliquos e fuga collegit
;

novis delectibus paucis diebus multos contraxit.

Cum

in

thaginienses bellum

apparando acerrime esset occupatus, Karcum Romanis composuerunt.

postea prgefuit, resque in
frater ejus,

Ille nihilo secius exercitui

Africa gessit, itemque

Mago

Sulpicium

et

C.

AureHum

consules.

usque ad P. His enim

vene-

magistratibus legati Karthaginienses

runt, qui senatui

Romam

populoque

Romano

gratias agerent,

quod cum
sides

his

pacem

fecissent,

ob eamque rem co-

rona aurea eos donarent, simulque peterent ut ob-

eorum FregelHs essent, captivique redderentur. His ex senatus-consulo responsum est munus eorum gratum acceptumque esse obsides quo loco
:

non remissuros, quod Hannibalem, cujus opera susceptum bellum foret, inimicissimum nomini Romano, et nunc cum imperio apud exercitum haberent, itemque fratrem ejus
rogarent futuros
;

captivos

Magonem.
to,

Hoc
et

responso Karthaginienses cogni-

Hannibalem

Magonem domum
factus
est,
:

revocarunt.

Huc
fuerat

ut rediit

praetor
et

anno secundo

vigesimo

postquam rex ut enim Rom^e

se

consules, sic Karthagini quotannis annui bini reges

creabantur.

In eo magistratu pari dihgentia

Namque Hannibal praebuit, ac fuerat in bello. eftecit, ex novis vectigahbus non solum ut esset pecunia quae Rom.anis ex foedere penderetur, sed Deinde etiam superesset, quae in asrario poneretur.
bus,

anno post prasturam, M. Claudio L. Furio consuHRomani legati Karthaginem venerunt. Hos

;;

CORNELIUS NEPOS.
Hannibal ratus
sui

87

exposcendi gratia missos, priusdaretur,

navem ascendit clam, atque in Syriam ad Antiochum profugit. Hac re palam facta, Poeni naves duas quas eum comprehis

quam

senatus

henderent, si possent consequi, miserunt bona ejus pubHcarunt; domum a fundamentis disjecerunt ipsum exsulem judicarunt.
;

gerat,

At Hannibal, anno tertio postquam domo profuL. Corneho Q^ Minucio consuHbus, cum

naeorum}
ut

quinque navibus Africam accessit in finibus Cyresi forte Karthaginienses ad bellum Antiochi spe fiduciaque possent induci
;

cui

jam persuserat

Huc Magonem fratrem excivit. Id ubi Poeni resciverunt, Magonem eadem qua fratrem absentem poena aftecerunt. IIH desperatis rebus cum solvissent naves
exercitibus in

cum

Itaham

proficisceretur.

ac vela ventis dedissent, Hannibal

pervenit.

De Magonis
:

interitu

ad Antiochum duplex memoria

Anti-

prodita est

namque

aHi naufragio, aHi a servuHs

ipsius interfectum

eum
in

scriptum reHquerunt.

ochus autem,

si

tam

gerendo beUo consiHis ejus

parere voluisset,
propius Tiberi
rii

quam in suscipiendo instituerat, quam ThermopyHs de summa impe-

dimicasset.

Quem

etsi

multa stuhe conari vide-

bat,

Prgefuit paucis in re. navibus quas ex Syria jussus erat in Asiam ducere hisque adversus Rhodiorum classem in PamphyHo mari conflixit quo cum muHitudine adversariorum
:

tamen nuHa deseruit

sui

superarentur, ipse quo

cornu rem gessit

fuit

superior.

Antiocho fugato, verens ne dederetur (quod sine

dubio accidisset
si

sui fecisset potestatem),

ad Gortynios

venit, ut ibi

Cretam quo se conferret conside-

88
raret.

LATIN READER.
Vidit autem vir

omnium

callidissimus

magno

se fore periculo, nisi quid providisset, propter avari-

tiam Cretensium
pit

magnam enim secum pecuniam

:

portabat, de qua sciebat exisse

tale
;

consilium

plumbo

famam. Itaque caamphoras complures complet summas operit auro et argento. Has,
;

pragsentibus principibus, deponit in templo Dianae

simulans se suas fortunas

illorum fidei

credere.

His

in

errorem inductis, statuas seneas quas secum

Gortynii templum
ceteris

portabat omni sua pecunia complet, easque in propatulo domi abjicit.

custodiunt,

magna

cura

non tam a

quam ab Hannibale,
secumque duceret.
illusis

ne

ille

inscientibus his tolleret,

Sic conservatis suis rebus, Poenus

sibus

Creten-

omnibus ad Prusiam in Pontum pervenit apud quem eodem animo fuit erga ItaHam neque aliud quidquam egit, quam regem armavit et exerQuem cum videret domecuit adversus Romanos. sticis opibus minus esse robustum, conciHabat ceteros
;

reges, adjungebat bellicosas nationes.

Dissidebat

ab eo Pergamenus rex Eumenes, Romanis amicissimus, bellumque inter eos gerebatur et mari et terra quo magis cupiebat eum Hannibal opprimi sed
: ;

utrobique

Eumenes plus valebat propter Romanorum societatem quem si removisset, facihora sibi cetera
:

fore
iniit

arbitrabatur.

Ad

hunc interficiendum, talem

:

rationem.
:

turi

Classe paucis diebus erant decredolo erat superabatur navium multitudine

esset armis.

pugnandum, cum par non

Imperavit
colligi,

quam
cisset

plurimas venenatas serpentes vivas

fictiha

easque in vasa

conjici.

Harum cum

confe-

multitudinem, die ipso quo facturus erat navale proelium classiarios convocat, hisque

magnam

CORNELIUS NEPOS.
prascipit

89

omnes ut in unam Eumenis regis concurrant navem, a ceteris tantum satis habeant se defenturos

serpentium multitudine consecurex autem in qua nave veheretur, ut scirent se facturum quem si aut cepissent aut interfecissent,
dere
:

id facile illos

magno
in

his polHcetur pr^emio fore.

Tali cohortatione mihtum facta, classis ab utrisque

proehum deducitur. Quarum acie constituta, priusquam signum pugnae daretur, Hannibal, ut palam faceret suis quo loco Eumenes esset, tabellarium in scapha cum caduceo mittit qui ubi ad naves adversariorum pervenit, epistolamque osten;

dens, se

Eumenen deductus
declarata suis,

regem professus est queerere, statim ad est, quod nemo dubitabat aliquid
Tabellarius,
ducis

de pace esse scriptum.

nave

eodem unde

erat egressus se recepit.

At Eumenes, soluta epistola, nihil in ea reperit, nisi quod ad irridendum eum pertineret cujus etsi causam mirabatur, (nec reperiebatur,) tamen proeHum statim committere non dubitavit. Horum in concursu Bithynii HannibaHs pr^ecepto universi navem Eumenis adoriuntur quorum vim rex cum sustinere non posset, fuga salutem petit quam consecutus non esset, nisi intra sua prassidia se recepisset quae
;
:

proximo Htore erant coHocata. ReHquae Pergamenae naves cum adversarios premerent acrius, repente in eas vasa fictiHa, de quibus supra mentionem fecimus, conjici coepta sunt; que
in

jacta initio risum pugnantibus excitarunt nec quare id fieret poterat inteHigi. Postquam autem naves completas conspexerunt serpentibus, nova re perterriti, cum quid potissimum vitarent non vide;

rent,

puppes verterunt, seque ad sua castra nautica

pO
retulerunt.

LATIN READER.
Sic Hannibal consilio
:

arma Pergamealias

norum

superavit

neque tum solum, sed sagpe

pedestribus copiis pari prudentia pepulit adversarios.

Que dum
Prusiag

in

Asia geruntur, accidit casu ut legati

Romse apud L. Quinctium Flamininum con;

facta,

atque ibi de Hannibale mentione ex his unus diceret eum in Prusias regno esse. Id postero die Flamininus senatui detulit. Patres conscripti, qui Hannibale vivo numquam se sine
insidiis futuros

sularem coenarent

existimarent, legatos in Bithyniam

miserunt, in his Flamininum, qui a rege peterent ne

inimicissimum suum secum haberet, sibique dederet.

His Prusias negare ausus non

fieri

est

illud recusavit,

quod adversus jus hosne id a se locum ipsi si possent comprehenderent pitii esset Hannibal enim uno ubi esset facile inventuros. loco se tenebat in castello quod ei ab rege datum idque sic aedificarat, ut in omnibus erat muneri exitum sibi haberet, semper verens sedificii partibus ne usu eveniret quod accidit. Huc cum legati Ropostularent
:
:

manorum

venissent, ac mukitudine

domum

ejus cir-

cumdedissent, puer ab janua prospiciens Hannibali dixit, plures prcCter consuetudinem armatos apparere
;

qui imperavit

ei,

ut

omnes

fores asdificii cir-

cumiret, ac propere

sibi

renuntiaret

num eodem

modo undique
disset,

obsideretur.

esset renuntiasset,
sensit id
sibi

Puer cum celeriter quid omnesque exitus occupatos ostennon fortuito factum, sed se peti,

neque ne aheno
tutum,

diutius vitam esse retinendam.

Quam

arbitrio dimitteret,

memor

pristinarum vir-

venenum quod semper secum habere consue-

Sic vir fortissimus, multis variisque perfunctus laboribus, anno acquievit septuagesimo.
verat sumpsit.

V.

11

JLibrar

SALLUST.

%;i^^ CWifor^-

THE WAR WITH JUGURTHA.

(B.C. 111-106.)
I.

T/ie

Youth of Jugurtha,
[Chapters 5-12.]

Bello Punico

secundo Masinissa rex Numidareceptus

a

rum,
et

in

amicitia

P.

Scipione,
fuit,

cui

postea Africano
praeclara
victis
rei

cognomen ex
militaris

virtute

multa
:

facinora
et

fecerat

qu^,
cujus

Karthaginiensibus

capto
late

in

Africa

magnum

atque

ob Syphace, imperium
urbis
et

valuit,

populus

Romanus quascumque

agros
tia

manu

ceperat regi dono dedit.

Igitur amici-

Masinissag bona atque honesta nobis permansit

fuit.

imperii vitasque ejus finis idem

filius

Dein Micipsa

regnum solus obtinuit, Mastanabale et Gulussa fratribus morbo absumtis. Is Adherbalem et Hiempsalem ex sese genuit
fratris
;

fihum,

eodem

Jugurthamque, Mastanabalis cultu quo liberos suos domi

habuit.

Qui, ubi primum adolevit, pollens viribus, decora facie, sed multo maxume ingenio validus, non se luxu neque inertiag corrumpendum dedit sed, uti
;

mos-gentis ilHus est, equitare, jaculari, cursu cum agquahbus certare et, cum omnis gloria anteiret,
;

omnibus tamen carus esse ad hoc, pleraque tempora in venando agere leonem. atque alias feras
:

92

LATIN READER.
in primis ferire
;

mimimum ipse de se loqui. Quibus rebus Micipsa tametsi initio laetus fuerat, existumans virtutem
facere,

primus aut

plurumum

Jugurthag regno suo glori^e fore

hberis,

tamen postquam
astate,

hominem adulescentem, exacta sua

magis magisque crescere

parvis

intellegit,

vehe-

menter negotio permotus, muha cum animo suo Terrebat eum natura mortahum, avida imperi et pr^eceps ad explendam animi cupidinem
volvebat.
:

praeterea oppprtunitas suasque

hberorumque

aetatis,

quas

etiam mediocris viros spe praedae transvorsos

'agit :(^ad

hoc studia Numidarum in Jugurtham accensaj)ex quibus, si talem virum dohs interfecisset, ne qua seditio aut beUum oriretur anxius erat. His difficuUatibus circumventus, ubi videt neque per vim neque insidiis opprimi posse hominem tam

acceptum popularibus, quod erat Jugurtha manu promptus et adpetens gloriie mihtaris, statuit eum objectare pericuhs, et eo modo fortunam tentare. Igitur, beho Numantino, Micipsa cum populo Romano equitum atque peditum auxiha mitteret, sperans vel ostentando virtutem, vel hostium scevitia facile eum occasurum, prcefecit Numidis quos in Hispaniam mittebat. Sed ea res longe ahter ac ratus erat Nam Jugurtha, ut erat impigro atque acri evenit.
ingenio, ubi naturam P. Scipionis, qui

tum Romanis

imperator erat,

et

morem hostium

cognovit,

muko

hibore muhaque cura, prgeterea modestissume parendo et sa^pe obviam eundo pericuhs, in tantam claritudinem bre\i pervenerat, ut nostris vehcmenter

Ac sane carus, Numantinis maxumo terrori esset. quod difficihumum in primis est, et proeho strenuus erat, et bonus consiho; quorum aherum ex provi-

SALLUST.
dentia timorem, alterum
adferre

93

plerumque

solet.

ex audacia temeritatem, Igitur imperator omnis

bere,

Jugurtham agere, in amicis hamagis magisque in dies amplecti quippe cujus neque consiHum neque inceptum ullum frufere res asperas per
:

stra erat.

Huc

accedebat munificentia animi

sibi

et in-

geni sollertia, quis rebus

multos ex Romanis

famihari amicitia conjunxerat.

Ea

tempestate in exercitu nostro fuere complures

divitiee

bono honestoqu^e apud socios, clari magis quam honesti qui Jugurthai non mediocrem animum polHcitando accendebant, si Micifsa rex occidissct^ fore utl solits imfcrio JVwnidice fotiretiir ; in ipso jnaxumani virtutcni, Ronice oninia vcenalia essc. Sed postquam Numantia deleta P.
potiores erant, factlosi domi, potentes
;

novi atque nobiles, quibus

Scipio dimittere auxiHa et ipse revorti

crevit,

domum
:

de-

donatum atque laudatum magnifice pro concione Jugurtham in preetorium abduxit ibique secreto monuit, " uti potius pubHce quam privatim amicitiam popuH Romani coleret neu quibus largiri insuesceret periculose a paucis emi quod multorum esset si permanere vellet in suis artibus, ultro ihi et gloriam et regnum venturum sin properantius pergeret, suamet ipsum pecunia pragcipitem ca;

surum."

cum Htteris quas Micipsas redderet Earum sententia haec erat " Jugurthse tui beho Numantino longe maxuma virtus fuit quam
Sic locutus,
dimisit.
: ;

Nobis ob merita sua carus est ut idem senatui populoque Romano sit summa ope nitemur. Tibi quidem pro nostra amicitia gratulor en habes virum dignum te atque
tibi

rem

certo scio gaudio esse.

;

94

LATIN READER.
Igitur rex, ubi ea quas

avo suo Masinissa."

acceperat ex
litteris

fama

imperatoris

ita

esse cognovit,

cum

virtute

mum
sus

tum gratia viri permotus, flexit anisuum, et Jugurtham beneficiis vincere adgresstatimque
filiis

est;

eum

adoptavit,
instituit.
.

et
. .

testamento

pariter

cum

hgeredem

Micipsa paucis diebus moritur.

Postquam

illi,

more

regio, justa magnifice fecerant, reguli in

unum
ilHs

convenerunt, ut inter se de cunctis negotiis disceptarent.

erat,

Sed Hiempsal,

qui

minumus ex

natura ferox, etiam antea ignobilitatem Jugur-

thae (quia

materno genere impar erat) despiciens,

ducitur, Jugurtha foret

dextra Adherbalem adsedit, ne medius ex tribus,

quod apud Numidas honori

dein tamen, ut vix in partem
aetati

concederet, fatigatus a fratre,

est.

alteram transductus

Ibi

cum

multa de administrando imperio dissererent, Jugurtha inter alias res jacit, ofortcre qtmiqticmn consulta oynnia et dccrcta rescindi; na^n -pcr ea tc^npora

confectmn annis Micipsani paruni animo vahiisse.

Tum

nani ide^n Hiempsal -placcrc sibi respondit ipsmn illum tribus proxu7nis annis adoptatione in
;

regnuni pervenisse.
thae
altius

Quod verbum quam quisquam ratus

in pectus

Jugur-

erat

descendit.

Itaque ex eo tempore, ira et metu anxius, moHri,

modo cum animo habere, quibus Hiempsal per dolum caperetur. Quae ubi tardius procedunt, neque lenitur animus ferox, statuit quovis modo inceptum perficere. Primo conventu, quem ab reguHs factum supra' memoravi, propter dissensionem, placuerat dividi
parare, atque ea
thesauros, finisque imperi singuHs constitui.

Itaque

tempus ad utramque rem decernitur, sed maturius

; ;

SALLUST.
ad pecuniam distribuendam.
propinqua
thesauris
in

95
in loca

Reguli interea
alio

alius

concessere.

Sed
ute-

Hiempsal
batur, qui

oppido Thirmida
lictor

forte ejus

domo

proxumus

Jugurthse carus acceptus-

que ei semper fuerat. Quem ille casu ministrum oblatum promissis onerat, impeUitque uti tamquam sua visens domum eat, portarum clavis adulterinas
paret
;

nam

veras ad

Hiempsalem referebantur

ce-

terum, ubi res postularet, se ipsum

cum magna

manu venturum.
ducit.

Numida mandata

brevi conficit

atque, uti doctus erat, noctu Jugurthas mihtes intro-

Qui, postquam in
quasrere
;

aedis irrupere, divorsi re-

gem

dormientis

aHos, ahos occursantis

;

interficere

scrutari loca abdita

clausa effringere
:

strepitu et tumultu

interim reperitur,
ancillas,
rat.

omnia miscere cum Hiempsal occuhans se in tugurio muHeris

et

quo

initio

pavidus

ignarus loci perfuge-

Numidae caput
referunt.

ejus, ut jussi erant,

ad Jugur-

tham
2.

How

Jugurtha became King of JSfmnidia,

[Chapters 20-27.]

Postquam, regno
et

diviso, legati Africa decessere,

Jugurtha, contra timorem animi, prasmia sceleris

;

cis

adeptum sese videt certum esse ratus, quod ex amiapud Numantiam acceperat, omnia Romag vena;

lia esse

simul et illorum polHcitationibus accensus,

quos pauHo ante muneribus expleverat, in regnum AdherbaHs animum intendit. Ipse acer, beHicosus
at is

quem

petebat quietus, imbeHis, placido ingenio,

injurige,

opportunus
dus.

metuens magis quam metuenfinis

Igitur ex
invasit
;

improviso

ejus

cum magna

manu

multos mortaHs cum pecore atque

96
alia

LATIN READER.
prasda
capit,
aedificia incendit,

pleracjue loca

hostiliter

cum

equitatu accedit.

Deinde cum omni

regnum suum convortit, existumans Adherbalem dolore permotum injurias suas manu vindicaturum, eamque rem belh caussam fore. At ihe, quod neque se parem armis existumabat, et amicitia popuh Romani magis quam Numidis fretus erat, legatos ad Jugurtham de injuriis questum
multitudine in
misit
:

qui

tametsi

contumehosa

dicta

retulerunt,

tamen omnia pati decrevit quam behum sumere quia tentatum antea secus cesserat. Neque tamen eo magis cupido Jugurthas minuebatur quippe qui totum ejus regnum animo jam invaserat. Itaque non, uti antea, cum pragdatoria manu, sed
prius
;

magno

exercitu comparato,

behum

gerere coepit,

et

Ceterum, aperte totius Numidias imperium petere. qu^ pergebat, urbis, agros vastare, pra^das agere suis animum, terrorem hostibus augere. Adherbal ubi intehegit eo processum, uti regnum
aut

rehnquendum

esset,

aut

armis

retinendum,

necessario copias parat, et Jugurthag obvius proce-

Interim haud longe a mari, prope Cirtam dit. oppidum, utriusque exercitus consedit et quia diei extremum erat, proehum non inceptum. Sed ubi plerumque noctis processit, obscuro etiam tum hi;

mine, mihtes Jugurthini, signo dato, castra hostium invadunt; semisomnos partim, ahos arma sumentes,
fugant fundunlque.

Adherbal cum paucis equitibus muUitudo togatorum fuisset, moenibus prohibuit, uno insequentes quae Numidas
Cirtam profugit
;

et, ni

die inter duos reges coeptum atque patratum

foret.

behum
;

Igitur Jugurtha

turribusque, et

oppidum circumsedit vineis machinis omnium generum, expu-

SALLUST.
;

97

gnare adgreditur maxume festinans tempus legatorum antecapere, quos, ante proelium factum ab Adherbale, Romam missos audiverat. Sed postquam senatus de bello eorum accepit, legantur in Africam majores natu, nobiles, amplis honoribus usi in quis M. Scaurus, consularis, et tum senati princeps. Ei, quod res in invidia erat, simui et ab Numidis obsecrati, triduo navim ascen:

dere

dein brevi Uticam adpulsi litteras ad Jugurmittunt,

tham

seque ad

quam ocissimie ad ^rovincimn acccdat; eum ab senatu missos, Ille ubi accepit homines claros, quorum auctoritatem Romge pollere audiverat, contra inceptum suum venisse primo
;
:

commotus metu atque lubidine divorsus agitabatur. Timebat iram senatus ni paruisset legatis porro
animus Ciipidine cecus ad inceptum scelus rapiebatur. Vicit tamen in avido ingenio pravum consilium. Igitur, exercitu circumdato,

summa

vi

Cirtam

irrumpere
turum.
tenderat)

nititur,

maxume

sperans, diducta

manu

hostium, aut vi aut dolis sese

casum
prius
;

victorise inven-

Quod

ubi secus procedit, neque (quod inpotest,

efficere

ut

quam

legatos

conveniret AdherbaHs potiretur

ne,

ampHus moincen-

rando, Scaurum,
deret,

quem plurimum metuebat,

cum

paucis

equitibus in provinciam venit.

Ac
tur,

tametsi senati verbis minag graves nuntiaban;

quod oppugnatione non desisteret multa tamen oratione consumpta, legati frustra discessere. Ea postquam Cirtee audita sunt, ItaHci, quorum
virtute

moenia defensabantur,
uti

confisi, deditione facta,

propter magnitudinem popuH

fore,

Romani
seque
et

inviolatos sese

AdherbaH suadent,
:

oppidum Ju-

gurthag tradat

tantum ab eo vitam paciscatur, de

7

98

LATIN READER.

ceteris senatui curse fore.

At
;

ille,

potiora fide Jugurth^e rebatur

tametsi omnia tamen quia penes

ita

eosdem,

si

advorsaretur, cogendi potestas erat,

ut censuerant Italici, deditionem facit.

Jugurtha in excruciatum necat dein omnis primis Adherbalem puberes Numidas atque negotiatores promiscue, uti
;

quisque armatis obvius fuerat,

senatu agitari coepta, eidem

interfecit.
est,

Quod postquam Romag cognitum

illi

et res in

ministri regis inter-

pellando, ac saepe gratia, interdum jurgiis, trahendo

tempus, atrocitatem
potentiae nobiHtatis,

facti leniebant.

Ac

ni

C.

Mem-

mius, tribunus plebis designatus, vir acer

et infestus

populum

Romanum

edocuisset,

id agi^ ut -per -paucos factiosos yugurtkce scelus con-

donaretur, profecto omnis invidia prolatandis con-

Tanta vis gratias atque Sed ubi senatus, deHcti conscientia, populum timet, lege Sempronia provincias futuris consuHbus, Numidia atque ItaHa, decretae
suhationibus dilapsa foret.
!

pecuniae regis erat

consules declarati P. Scipio Nasica, L. Bestia Cal-

purnius
nit.

Calpurnio Numidia, Scipioni ItaHa obvein

Deinde exercitus, qui

:

Africam portaretur,

scril)itur

stipendium, aHaque, que beHo usui forent

decernuntur.
3.

Jugurtha

in Ro7ne,

[Chapters 32-35.]

Dum
reHcti

haec

Romae geruntur,
exercitui

qui

Bestia

praeerant,

flagitiosissuma

facinora

fecere.

Numidia pluruma et Fuere qui, auro

in
;

corrupti, elephantos Jugurthae traderent

aHi per-

fugas vendere

pars ex pacatis praedas

agebant.

Tanta

vis avaritiae in

animos eorum,

veluti tabes,

::

SALLUST.
invaserat
!

99

pragt(5r, perlata rogatione a ac perculsa omni nobilitate, ad Jugurtham proficiscitur eique timido et ex conscientia

At Cassius
;

C.

Memmio,

diffidenti

rebus suis persuadet

dedisset, ne vim,

"

quoniam

se populo

Romano
ponit,
bat.

quam

misericordiam, ex-

periri mallet."

Privatim prasterea fidem suam inter-

quam
Talis

ille

ea tempestate

non minoris quam publicam ducefama de Cassio erat.

quam maxume miserabili, cum Cassio Romam venit. Ea erat tempestate Romae Numida quidam, noIgitur Jugurtha, contra decus regium, cultu

mine Massiva, Gulussae

qui, quia in dissensione
fuerat, dedita Cirta et

filius,

Masinissae nepos

regum Jugurthoe advorsus

Adherbale interfecto, profugus ex Africa abierat. Huic Sp. Albinus, qui proxumo anno post Bestiam cum Q^ Minucio Rufo consulatum gerebat, persuadet, quoniam ex stirpe Masinissse sit, Jugurthamque ob scelera invidia cum metu urgueat, regnum Numidise ab senatu petat. Avidus consul belli gerundi, moveri quam senescere omnia malebat. Ipsi provincia Numidia, Minucio Macedonia evenerat. Quas postquam Massiva agitare coepit, neque Jugurthas in amicis satis prsesidii est, quod eorum ahum conscientia, alium mala fama et timor impediebat Bomilcari, proxumo ac maxume fido sibi, imperat, "pretio, sicuti multa confecerat, insi;

diatores Massivae paret, ac

maxume

occulte

sin id

parum procedat quovis modo, Numidam interficiat." Bomilcar mature regis mandata exsequitur et per
homines
ejus,
talis

negotii

artifices

itinera

egressusque
Igitur

prostremo loca atque tempora cuncta, explorat

deinde, ubi res postulabat, insidias tendit.

unus ex eo numero, qui ad casdam parati erant,

lOO

LATIN READER.

paullo inconsultius
truncat
;

Massivam adgreditur

illum ob-

sed ipse deprehensus, multis hortantibus et

Fit

in primis A^lbino consule, indicium profitetur.

reus magis ex aequo bonoque quam ex jure gentium Bomilcar, comes ejus qui Romam fide pubHca venerat. At Jugurtha, manufestus tanti sceleris, non
prius omisit contra
vortit,

verum

niti,

quam animum

ad-

supra gratiam atque pecuniam suam, invidiam

Igitur,

ex amicis quinquaginta vades dederat, regno magis quam vadibus consulens, clam in Numidiam Bomilfacti esse.

quamquam

in priore actione

carem

dimittit

veritus,
sibi,

invaderet parendi

ne rehquos popularis metus si de illo suppHcium sum-

ptum
est,

Et ipse paucis diebus eodem profectus Sed postquam jussus a senatu ItaHa decedere.
foret.

Roma
ciens,

egressus

est,

fertur,
:

saspe eo tacitus respiet ^na-

postremo dixisse

ture -perituram^ si

urbem vcnalem, emptorem invencrit!

4. Political Parties in
[Chapters 41, 42.]

Rome,

Ceterum
cis ante

factionum, ac deinde

mos partium popularium et senatus omnium malarum artium, pauannis Romag ortus est, otio et abundantia

earum rerum, quag prima mortales ducunt. Nam ante Karthaginem deletam populus et senatus Romanus placide modesteque inter se rempubHcam
neque dominationis cermetus hostiHs in bonis artibus civitatem retinebat. Sed ubi iHa formido mentibus decessit, sciHcet ea, quas secundse res amant, lascivia atque superbia incessere. Ita, quod in advorsis
tractabant
;

neque

glorise,
:

tamen

inter civis erat

SALLUST.

lOI

rebus optaverant otium, postquam adepti sunt, asperius acerbiusque

fuit.

Namque

coepere nobilitas
:

dignitatem, populus libertatem in lubidinem vortere

sibi

quisque ducere, trahere, rapere. Ita omnia in duas partis abstracta sunt respublica, quse media
:

fuerat, dilacerata.

Ceterum

nobilitas factione

magis

pollebat
tudine,

plebei vis soluta, atque dispersa in multi-

minus

poterat
;

domique agitabatur
vincias,

paucorum arbitrio belli penes eosdem agrarium, pro;

magistratus,

gloriae

triumphique
;

erant

populus mihtia atque inopia urguebatur prsedas belhcas imperatores cum paucis diripiebant inter;

ea parentes, aut parvi hberi mihtum, ut quisque

potentiori

confinis

erat,

sedibus

pehebantur.

Ita

cum

potentia avaritia sine

modo modestiaque
;

inva-

omnia nihil pensi neque quoad semet ipsa pragcipitavit. Nam ubi primum ex nobilitate reperti sunt, qui veram
sancti habere,

dere, pohuere et vastare

gloriam
cocpit.

injustag potentias

anteponerent

moveri

civi-

tas, et dissensio

civihs, quasi permixtio terras, oriri

Nam
rum

postquam Tiberius
aliis

majores Punico atque

scelera

C. Gracchus, quorum behis muhum reipubhcae

et

addiderant, vindicare plebem in hbertatem et paucopatefacere

coepere

nobilitas

noxia,

modo per socios aq nomen Latinum, interdum per equites Romanos, quos spes soatque eo perculsa,
cietatis

a plebe dimoverat,
ierat
;

Gracchorum

actionibus

obviam

annos eadem rum, aherum triumvirum coloniis deducendis, cum M. Fulvio FLacco ferro necaverat. Et sane Gracchis, cupidine victorice, haud satis moderatus animus

et primo Tiberium, dein paucos post ingredientem Caium, tribunum ahe-

I02
fuit.

LATIN READER.

Sed bono

vinci satius est, Igitur

quam malo more

injuriam vincere.

ea victoria nobilitas ex
sibi timoris

lubidine sua usa, multos mortalis ferro aut fuga extinxit

tias
;

plusque in reliquum

quam

poten-

addidit.

Quae
;

res

plerumque magnas
alteri

civitates

pessum modo,

dedit

dum
et

alteros vincere
ulcisci

quovis

et victos

acerbius

volunt.

Sed de
si

studiis partium,

omnis

civitatis

moribus,

sin-

gulatim aut pro magnitudine parem disserere, tem-

pus quam res maturius deserat. inceptum redeo.

Quamobrem ad

The Campazgn qf Mctcllus,

[Chapters 46-54.]

7- Interea Jugurtha diffidere suis rebus, ac tum demum veram deditionem facere conatus est. Igitur
legatos ad consulem

cum

suppliciis mittit, qui tanalia omnia Sed Metello jam antea

tummodo

ipsi liberisque

vitam peterent,

dederent populo

Romano.

experimentis cognitum erat genus

Numidarum

infi-

dum, ingenio mobili, novarum rerum avidum esse.

Itaque legatos alium ab alio divorsos adgreditur
paullatim tentando, postquam opportunos
vit,
;

ac

sibi

cogno-

multa pollicendo persuadet, "uti Jugurtham

vivurn? sin id

maxume
sibi

parum
jubet. -^

procederet, necatum

traderent:" ceterum palam, quag ex voluntate

regi
nuntiari

forent,

Deinde

ipse

paucis

diebus, intento atque infesto exercitu, in

Numidiam
plena
:

procedit

ubi,

contra belli

faciem, tuguria
in

hominum, pecora cultoresque

bant, parati

agris

erant

ex

oppidis et mapalibus prasfecti regis obvii procede-

frumentum dare, commeatum portare,

SALLUST.

103

postremo omnia quae imperarentur facere. Neque Metellus idcirco minus, sed pariter ac si hostes adessent, munito agmine incedere, late explorare

omnia,
diis

illa

deditionis signa ostentui credere, et insitentari.

locum

Itaque ipse

cum

expeditis co-

hortibus, item funditorum et sagittariorum delecta

manu, apud primos

legatus

erat

in

postremo C. Marius
:

cum

equitibus curabat
tribunis

auxiharios

equites

in utrumque latus legionum et praefectis

eis

cohortium dispertiverat, ut

cum

permixti velites,

quocumque accederent
rent.

equitatus hostium, propulsa-

peritia

Nam in Jugurtha tantus dolus, tantaque locorum et mihtiae erat, ut, absens an praesens, pacem an bellum gerens, perniciosior esset, in
Erat haud longe ab eo itinere quo Metellus per-

incerto haberetur.

oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vacca, forum rerum venaHum totius regni maxume celebratum
gebat,
ubi et incolere et mercari consueverant ItaHci generis

multi mortales.

Huc

consul, simul tentandi gra-

tia si

paterentur, et ob opportunitates loci, prassidium

;

imposuit

praeterea

imperavit frumentum,
:

et

alia

quas bello usui forent comportare

ratus, id

quod

res

monebat, frequentiam negotiatorum et commeatuum juvaturam exercitum, et jam paratis rebus munimento fore. Inter haec negotia, Jugurtha impensius modo legatos suppHces mittere, pacem orare praster suam
;

Hberorumque vitam, omnia MeteHo dedere.

Quos

item, uti priores, consul illectos ad proditionem do-

mum

dimittebat regi pacem, quam postulabat, neque abnuere, neque poHiceri, et inter eas moras promissa legatorum exspectare. Jugurtha ubi MetelH dicta cum factis composuit,
:

I04

LATIN READER.

ac se suis artibus tentari animadvortit,

verbis

quippe

cui

pax nuntiabatur, ceterum

erat, urbs

re bellum asperru-

mum

maxuma

alienata,

cognitus, animi popularium tentati,

necessitudine, statuit armis certare.
to

coactus rerum
Igitur explora-

ager hostibus

hostium

itinere,
loci,

in

spem

victorias

adductus ex
copias potest

opportunitate

quam maxumas

omnium generum
diae,

parat, ac per tramites occultos ex-

ercitum Metelli antevenit.

Erat in ea parte Numi-

quam Adherbal
a

in divisione possederat,
;

flumen

nomine Muthul a quo aberat mons ferme miha passuum xx tractu pari, vastus ab natura et humano cuhu sed ex eo medio quasi
oriens

meridie,

colHs oriebatur, in
oleastro

immensum

pertingens, vestitus

ac myrtetis, ahisque generibus arborum,

quag

humi arido atque arenoso gignuntur. Media autem planities deserta penuria aquag, prieter flumini
:

propinqua loca

ea consita arbustis pecore atque

cultoribus frequentabantur.
Igitur in eo colle,

quem

transvorso itinere porre-

ctum docuimus, Jugurtha extenuata suorum acie consedit, elephantis et parti copiarum pedestrium Bomilcarem pra^fecit, eumque edocet quag ageret ipse propior montem cum omni equitatu et peditibus
dilectis suos collocat
:

dein singulas turmas et

nipulos circumiens monet atque obtestatur, "uti

mores

pristinag virtutis et victoriae sese

mameregnumque
:

suum ab Romanorum
certamen
:

avaritia defendant

cum

eis

quos antea victos sub jugum miserint ducem ilHs, non animum mutatum quce ab locum imperatore decuerint, omnia suis provisa superiorem, ut prudentes cum imperitis, ne paucifore,
:

ores

cum

pluribus, aut rudes

cum

bello melioribus

SALLUST.

105
parati
:

manum

consererent

proinde

intentique

essent, signo dato,

Romanos

invadere

illum diem
aut

aut omnis labores et victorias confirmaturum,

maxumarum ierumnarum
viritim, uti

initium

fore."

Ad

hoc

quemque ob

militare facinus pecunia aut

honore extulerat, commonefacere beneficii sui, et eum ipsum ahis ostentare postremo, pro cujusque
:

ingenio, polHcendo,
:

minitando, obtestando,

ahum

aho modo excitare cum interim Metellus, ignarus hostium, monte degrediens cum exercitu conspicatur, primo dubius quidnam insolita facies ostenderet

(nam inter virgulta equi Numidasque consederant, neque plane occultati humiHtate arborum, et tamen
incerti
ipsi

quidnam

esset,

cum

natura

loci,

tum dolo
Ibi

atque signa miHtaria obscurati), dein, brevi co-

gnitis insidiis,

pauHisper

agmen

constituit.

cominter

mutatis ordinibus, in dextro latere, quod

hostis erat, tripHcibus subsidiis

proxumum
;

aciem instruxit
;

manipulos funditores

et sagittarios dispertit
;

equita-

tum omnem

in cornibus locat

ac pauca pro tem-

por$ miHtes hortatus, aciem,

vorsis principiis, in

sicuti instruxerat, trans-

planum deducit. Sed ubi Numidas quietos, neque coHe degredi

veritus

animadvortit,
aquse, ne
siti

ex anni

tempore

et

inopia
le-

conficeretur exercitus, P.

RutiHum

gatum cum

expeditis cohortibus et parte

equitum

prasmisit ad flumen, uti

locum
et

castris antecaperet
et transvorsis proe-

existumans hostis crebro impetu

His iter

suum remoraturos,
lassitudinem
et

derent,

sitim

Deinde ipse pro re atque loco, Marium post principia derat, pauUatim procedere
;

quoniam armis diffimiHtum tentaturos. sicuti monte descenqui in

habere; ipse

cum

sinistrae alae equitibus esse,

agmine principes facti

erant.

Io6

LATIN READER.

At Jugurtha, ubi extremum agmen MetelH primos suos prcetergressum videt, praesidio quasi duum
milium peditum montem occupat, qua Metellus descenderat, ne forte cedentibus advorsariis receptui
ac post munimento foret
hostis invadit.
:

dein, repente signo dato,

Numidag
omnibus

ahi

postremos
;

casdere

pars a sinistra ac dextra tentare

infensi adesse at-

que instare
conturbare
:

locis

Romanorum
qui firmioribus

ordines

quorum etiam
sauciabantur
;

animis

obvii hostibus fuerant, ludificati incerto proeHo, ipsi

neque contra feriundi, Antea jam docti ab Jugurtha equites, ubi Romanorum turma insequi coeperat, non confertim, neque in unum sese recipiebant, sed aHus aHo quam maxume divorsi. Ita numero priores, si ab persequendo hostis deteraut

modo eminus

conserendi

manum,

copia erat.

rere nequiverant, disjectos ab

tergo

aut lateribus

circumveniebant

sin opportunior fugae coHis

quam

campi fuerant, ea vero consueti Numidarum equi

facile inter virgulta

evadere

nostros asperitas et in*

solentia loci retinebat.

Ceteriim facies totius negoti varia, incerta, foeda

atque miserabiHs
insequi
;
:

dispersi a suis pars cedere, ahi

;

neque signa, neque ordines observare ubi quemque periculum ceperat, ibi resistere ac propularma, tela, equi, viri, hostes atque cives persare fors omnia nihil consiHo neque imperio agi mixti
; ; ;

regere.

Itaque
in

multum
incerto

die processerat,
erat.

cum

etiam

tum eventus

Denique omnibus

labore et gestu languidis, MeteHus, ubi videt

Numicondu-

das minus instare, pauHatim miHtes in

cit,

unum

ordines

restituit, et

cohortes legionarias quattuor

advorsum pedites hostium coHocat.

Eorum magna

SALLUST.
pars superioribus locis fessa consederat.
re et hortari milites, " ne deficerent,
hostis fugientes vincere
:

107

Simul oraneu paterentur

neque iUis castra esse, neque munimentum ullum, quo cedentes tenderent in armis omnia sita." Sed ne Jugurtha quidem interea quietus erat circumire, hortari, renovare proeHum, subvenire suis, et ipse cum dilectis tentare omnia instare firmos quos cognoverat, hostibus dubiis eminus pugnando retinere. Eo modo inter se duo imperatores summi viri ceripsi pares, ceterum opibus disparibus. tabant
;
:

Nam

Metello virtus miHtum erat, locus advorsus

prgeter miHtes opportuna.
sibi

Jugurthae aHa omnia

esse,

De-

nique Romani, ubi inteHegunt neque

die vesper
erat,

perfugium

neque ab hoste copiam pugnandi

advorso coHe,
sicuti

fieri, et

jam

praeceptum
fusi fugatiet regio

fuerat, evadunt.

Amisso
;

loco,

Numidge
Interea

que

pauci interiere
ignara,

plerosque velocitas,
sunt,

hostibus

tutata

Bomilcar,

quem

elephantis et parti copiarum pedestrium prae-

fectum ab Jugurtha supra diximus, ubi eum RutiHus praetergressus est, pauUatim suos in sequum

locum deducit
labat,

ac,

dum
:

legatus ad flumen quo prasuti res

missus erat festinans pergit, quietus,

postu-

neque remittit, quid ubique Postquam RutiHum consedisse jam, et animo vacuum. accepit, simulque ex Jugurthae proeHo clamorem augeri veritus ne legaaciem exornat
hostis ageret explorare.
;

tus,

cognita

re,

laborantibus

suis

auxiHo

foret,

aciem,

quam

diffidens virtuti

miHtum

arcte statuerat,
:

quo hostium

itineri obficeret, latius porrigit

eoque
ani-

modo ad RutiHi castra procedit. Romani ex improviso pulveris vim magnam

I08

LATIN READER.
;

madvortunt
agitari

nam prospectum
Et primo
rati

ager, arbustis consi-

tus, prohibebat.
;

humum

aridam vento
acies

post ubi aequabilem manere,

et, sicuti

movebatur, magis magisque adpropinquare vident, cognita re, properantes arma capiunt, ac pro castris
sicuti

imperabatur consistunt.

Deinde, ubi propius

ventum est, utrimque magno clamore concurritur. Numidae tantummodo remorati, dum in elephantis auxiHum putant, postquam eos impeditos ramis arborum, atque ita disjectos circumveniri vident, fugam faciunt ac plerique, abjectis armis, colHs aut noctis que jam aderat auxilio, integri abeunt. reHqui omnes, numero Elephanti quattuor capti
:

quadraginta, interfecti.

At Romani, quamquam
trorum
et

itinere atque

opere cas;

proeHo

fessi laetique [victoria] erant

ta-

men, quod MeteHus ampHus opinione morabatur, nam dolus instructi intentique obviam procedunt Numidarum nihil languidi neque remissi patiebatur. Ac primo, obscura nocte, postquam haud procul in:

ter se erant, strepitu, velut hostes adventarent, aheri

apud aheros formidinem simul et tumuHum facere et psene imprudentia admissum facinus miserabile, ni utrimque prasmissi equites rem exploravissent. miHtes Igitur pro metu repente gaudium exortum
;

aHus
unt
res
;

aHum

laeti

adpeUant

acta edocent atque audifert.

sua quisque fortia facta ad caelum

ita
;

Quippe

humanae

sese habent

in victoria vel ignavis

gloriari Hcet

advorsae res etiam bonos detrectant. MeteHus, in eisdem castris quatriduo moratus, sau-

cios
tiae

cum
:

cura

reficit,

meritos in proeHis more miH-

donat, universos in concione laudat, atque agit

hortatur, " ad cetera, quae levia sint, pa-

gratias

SALLUST.

109

rem animum gerant

pro victoria satis

jam pugna-

Tamen tum, reliquos labores pro prasda fore." interim transfugas et alios opportunos, Jugurtha ubi gentium, aut quid agitaret, cum paucisne esset,
an exercitum haberet, ut sese victus gereret, exploratum misit. At ille sese in loca saltuosa et natura munita receperat ibique cogebat exercitum numero hominum ampliorem, sed hebetem infirmumque, Id ea agri ac pecoris magis quam belH cultorem. equites nemo regios preeter gratia eveniebat, quod omnium Numida ex fuga regem sequitur quo cujusque animus fert, eo discedunt neque id flagitium ita se mores habent. mihtiae ducitur
: :

Igitur Metellus ubi videt regis etiam

;

tum animum

ferocem esse bellum renovari, quod, nisi ex ilHus lubidine, geri non posset praeterea iniquum certamen sibi cum hostibus minore detrimento iUos vinci quam suos vincere statuit non proehis, neque
;

acie, sed

aHo more beHum gerundum.

;

Itaque in

Numidiae loca opulentissuma pergit agros vastat multa casteHa et oppida, temere munita aut sine praesidio, capit incenditque puberes interficit aHa omnia miHtum preedam esse. Ea formidine multi mortales Romanis dediti obsides frumentum et aha
;

quae usui forent adfatim

postulabat,

ubicumque res Quas negotia multo magis quam proeHum male pugnatum ab suis regem terrebant quippe cujus spes omnis in fuga
pr^bita
;

prgesidium impositum.

sita erat,

sequi cogebatur

et

qui sua loca defendere

gerere.

nequiverat, in ahenis

behum

Tamen
:

ex

copia quod optumiim videbatur consiHum capit exercitum plerumque in eisdem locis opperiri jubet;
ipse

cum

delectis equitibus

MeteHum

sequitur, no-

IIO

LATIN READER.

cturnis et aviis itineribus ignoratus

tis

repente

adgreditur.

cadunt,
profugit.
niretur,

multi

capiuntur

Romanos palanEorum plerique inermes nemo omnium intactus

castris

Et Numidag, priusquam ex
sicuti jussi erant,

subvedis-

in

proxumos

collis

cedunt.
6.

Caius Marius,
[Chapters 63, 64.]
'

Per idem tempus Uticas

deis supplicanti, "

magna

C. Mario per hostias atque mirabilia portendi"

forte

haruspex dixerat: "proinde, quae animo agitabat, fretus deis ageret fortunam quam saspissume expe;

riretur

cuncta prospera eventura."

At

illum

jam

antea consulatus ingens cupido exagitabat, ad

quem

capiundum, praeter vestustatem familia^, aha omnia abunde erant industria, probitas, mihtige magna scientia, animus belH ingens, domi modicus, lubidi:

tantummodo gloriae avidus. Sed is natus et omnem pueritiam Arpini ahus, ubi primum astas mihtiag patiens fuit, stipendiis faciundis, non Grasca facundia, neque urbanis munditiis
nis et divitiarum victor,

sese exercuit

ita inter artis

bonas integrum inge-

nium brevi adolevit. Ergo ubi primum tribunatum mihtarem a populo petit, plerisque faciem ejus ignorantibus, factis notus, per omnis tribus declaratur.

rit

Deinde ab eo magistratu ahum post ahum sibi pepesemperque in potestatibus eo modo agitabat, ut
;

ampHore quam gerebat dignus haberetur. Tamen is ad id locorum tahs vir (nam postea ambitione pragceps datus est) consulatum adpetere non audebat. Etiam tum ahos magistratus plebes, consulatum nobihtas inter se per manus tradebat. Novus

SALLUST.

III

nemo tam
quin
is

clarus,

indignus

illo

neque tam egregiis factis erat, hbnore et quasi pollutus ha-

beretur.
Igitur ubi

Marius haruspicis dicta eodem inten-

dere videt, quo cupido animi hortabatur, ab Metello petundi gratia missionem rogat cui quamquam
:

aha optanda bonis superabant, tamen inerat contemtor animus et superbia, commune nobihtatis mahun. Itaque primo commotus insohta re, mirari primum ejus consihum, et quasi per amicitiam monere, "ne tam prava inciperet, neu super fortunam animum gereret non omnia omnibus cupiunda esse debere ilh res suas satis placere
virtus, gloria,
; ;
;

postremo caveret id petere a populo Romano, quod

ihi jure
dixit,

negaretur."

Postquam hasc atque aha taha

flectitur, respondit, ''ubi

neque animus Marii

primum
fertur

potuisset per negotia pubhca, facturum sese

quae peteret."
dixisse,

Ac
"ne

postea saepius
festinaret

eadem
;

postulanti

mature consulatum petiturum." Is eo tempore contubernio patris ibidem mihtabat, annos natus circiter xx. Quag res Marium cum pro hoabire
satis

iUum cum

fiho suo

quem adfectabat, tum contra Metehum vehementer accenderat. Ita cupidine atque ira, pessumis consukoribus, grassari, neque facto uho neque dicto abstinere, quod modo ambitiosum foret mihtes
nore,
;

quibus in hibernis prseerat, laxiore imperio

antea habere
;

quam

apud negotiatores, quorum magna

mukitudo Uticag erat, criminose simul et magnifice de beho loqui " dimidia pars exercitus si sibi permitteretur, paucis diebus Jugurtham in catenis habiturum ab imperatore consuUo trahi, quod homo
:

inanis et regiae superbiae imperio nimis gauderet.'*

112

LATIN READER.
illis

Quae omnia

eo firmiora videbantur, quod diu-

turnitate belli res familiaris corruperant, et

animo

cupienti nihil satis festinatur.

7.

The Dcspair qf Jugurtha,

[Chapters 70-76.]

tha deditionem,

Per idem tempus Bomilcar, cujus impulsu Jugurquam metu deseruit, inceperat, suspectus regi, et ipse eum suspiciens, novas res cupere ad perniciem ejus dolum quasrere die noctuque fatigare animum. Denique omnia tentando, socium sibi adjungit Nabdalsam, hominem nobilem, magnis opibus, carum acceptumque popularibus suis qui plerumque seorsum ab rege exercitum ductare, et omnis res exsequi soHtus erat, quae
:

Jugurthae feSso, aut majoribus adstricto, superaverant

;

ex quo

ilH

gloria opesque

inventas.
:

Igitur

utriusque consiHo dies insidiis statuitur

res posceret, ex

cetera, uti

Nabdalsa ad exercitum profectus, quem inter hiberna Romanorum jussus habebat, ne ager inuhis hostibus vastaretur. Is postquam, magnitudine facinoris perculsus, ad tempus non venit, metusque rem impediebat Bomilcar, simul cupidus incepta patrandi, et timore socii anxius, ne omisso vetere consiHo novum quaereret, Htteras ad eum per homines fideHs mittit, in quis moHitiem socordiamque viri accusare, testari " ne prasmia MeteHi in deos per quos juravtsset pestem converteret Jugurthag exitium adesse ceterum suane an virtute Metehi periret, id modo agitari proinde reputaret cum animo suo, praemia, an
tempore parari
placuit.
;
: ; ; ;

cruciatum mallet."

: :

SALLUST.

113

Sed cum
ercito

eae litterae adlatae, forte

Nabdalsa, ex:

corpore

fessus,

in

lecto

quiescebat

ubi,

primo cura, deinde uti aegrum animum solet somnus cepit. Erat ei Numida quidam negotiorum curator, fidus acceptusque,
cognitis Bomilcaris verbis,
et

omnium

consiliorum

nisi

novissumi particeps.

Qui postquam adlatas

naculum
introiit
;

litteras audivit,

ex consuetu-

dine ratus opera aut ingenio suo opus esse, in taber-

dormiente

illo

epistulam, super

caput in pulvino temere positam, sumit ac perlegit

dein propere, cognitis insidiis, ad regem pergit. Nabdalsa, post paullo experrectus, ubi neque epistulam reperit, et rem omnem uti acta erat cognovit, primo indicem persequi conatus postquam id fru:

stra fuit,

Jugurtham placandi

gratia accedit

dicit

quae ipse paravisset facere, perfidia clientis sui prcE-

venta

lacrumans obtestatur per amicitiam, perque sua antea fideliter acta, ne super tali scelere suspectum sese haberet. Ad ea rex, aUter atque animo gerebat, placide respondit. Bomilcare aliisque multis, quos socios insidiarum cognoverat, interfectis, iram oppresserat ne qua ex eo negotio seditio oriretur. Neque post id locorum Jugurthge dies, aut nox ulla quieta fuit neque loco, neque mortali cuiquam, aut tempori cirsatis credere civis, hostisque juxta metuere cumspectare omnia, et omni strepitu pavescere alio atque aho loco, saepe contra decus regium, noctu requiescere interdum somno experrectus, arreptis armis, tumultum facere. Ita formidine, quasi vecor;

dia, exagitari.

Amissis amicis, quorum plerosque ipse necaverat^ ceteri formidine, pars ad Romanos, ahi ad regem
8

114

LATIN READER.
profugerant,

Bocchum
dia

cum neque bellum

geri sine

administris posset, et

novorum fidem
:

in tanta perfi-

veterum experiri periculosum duceret, varius neque illi res, neque consilium, aut quisquam hominum satis placebat itinera pragfectosque in dies mutare modo advorsum hostes, interdum in sohtudines pergere saspe in fuga, ac post paullo in armis spem habere dubitare, virtuti an fide popularium minus crederet ita, quoincertusque agitabat
;
; ;

cumque
dit.

intenderat, res advorsag erant.

Sed

inter

eas moras repente sese Metellus

cum

exercitu osten-

Numidai ab Jugurtha pro tempore parati inQua in parte dein proeHum incipitur. ceteri ejus rex adfuit, ibi aHquamdiu certatum omnes miHtes primo concursu pulsi fugatique. Romani signorum et armorum aliquanto numero, hoNam ferme Numidas in stium paucorum potiti. omnibus proeHis pedes magis, quam arma tutata
structique
:

sunt.

Ea
dens,

fuga Jugurtha impensius

modo

rebus suis

diffi-

dein

cum perfugis et parte equitatus in soHtudines, Thalam pervenit, in oppidum magnum atque

opulentum, ubi plerique thesauri fiHorumque ejus mukus pueritiag cultus erat. Quae postquam MeteHo comperta sunt, quamquam inter Thalam flumenque

proxumum,

in

spatio

miHum

quinquaginta,
;

loca

tamen spe patrandi beHi, si ejus oppidi potitus foret, omnis aspesupervadere, ac naturam etiam vincere ritates Igitur omnia jumenta sarcinis levari adgreditur. ceterum utres jubet, nisi frumento dierum decem
arida atque vasta esse cognoverat
;

modo,
quirit

et

aHa aquas idonea

portari.

Praeterea con-

ex agris quam plurumum po^est domiti peco-


SALLUST.
ris
:

115

eo imponit vasa cujusque modi, sed pleraque

collecta ,ex tuguriis

lignea,

finitumis imperat, qui se post regis

Numidarum. Ad hoc fugam Metello

dederant,

quam plurumum

quisque aquas portarent

diem locumque ubi praesto forent praidicit. Ipse ex flumine, quam proxumam oppido aquam supra diximus, jumenta onerat. Eo modo instructus ad Thalam proficiscitur. Deinde ubi ad id loci ventum, quo Numidis praeceperat, et castra posita munitaque sunt
dicitur, ut
;

tanta repente

ccelo

missa vis aquae

ea

modo

exercitui satis superque foret.

:

commeatus spe ampHor quia Numidae, sicuti plerique in nova deditione, officia intenderant. Ceterum mihtes religione pluvia magis usi eaque res multum animis eorum addidit, nam rati sese deis immortahbus curae esse. Deinde postero die,
Praeterea
;

contra opinionem Jugurthae, ad

derant,

Thalam

perveniunt.

Oppidani, qui se locorum asperitate munitos credi-

magna

atque insoHta re perculsi, nihilo se:

gnius bellum parare

idem

nostri facere.

Sed

rex, nihil

jam infectum Metello credens,

tela, locos, tempora, denique naturam ipsam, ceteris imperitantem, industria vicerat, cum Hberis et magna parte pecuni^e ex oppido noctu profugit neque postea in ullo loco ampHus uno die aut una nocte moratus, simulabat sese negoti gratia properare ceterum proditionem time-

quippe qui omnia, arma,

bat,

quam

vitare posse celeritate putabat

nam

taHa

At et ex opportunitate capi. MeteHus, ubi oppidanos proeHo intentos, simul oppidum et operibus et loco munitum videt, vaHo fossaDeinde locis ex copia que moonia circumvenit.
consiHa per otium,

maxume

idoneis vineas agere,

aggerem

jacere, et

ii6

LATIN READER.
et

super aggerem impositis turribus, opus

tros tutari.

adminis:

Contra

liasc

oppidani festinare, parare

fieri.

prorsus ab utrisque nihil reliquum

Denique

Romani, multo ante labore proeliisque fatigati, post dies quadraginta quam eo ventum erat, oppido modo
potiti
:

prasda omnis ab perfugis corrupta.

Ei, post-

quam murum
vident,

arietibus feriri, resque suas adflictas

et alia quee prima regiam comportant ibi vino et epulis onerati, illaque et domum et semet igni corrumpunt et quas victi ab hostibus poenas metuerant,

aurum atque argentum,

ducuntur,

domum

eas ipsi volentes pependere.

8.

Mariiis before the People,

[Chapters 84-S6.]

At Marius,
consul

ut supra diximus, cupientissuma plebe

factus,
jussit,

postquam

ei

provinciam Numidiam
singulos modo,

populus

antea jam infestus nobilitati, tum vero

;

multus atque ferox instare

universos
;

modo

victis illis

lagdere dictitare, "sese consulatum ex spoHa cepisse;" aHa pr^eterea magnifica pro se, et ilHs dolentia. Interim, quas bello opus erant, prima habere postulare legionibus supple; ;

mentum

auxilia
;

populis

et

regibus

sociisque

arcessere

prseterea ex Latio fortissumum

quemque
et

plerosque mihtias, paucos fama cognitos accire,

ambiundo cogere homines

proticisci.

emeritis stipendiis

secum

Neque

illi

senatus,

quamquam
;
:

advorsus

erat,

de ullo negotio abnuere audebat

laetus

ceterum
belii

supplementum etiam

decreverat

quia neque

plebi militia volenti putabatur, et

Marius aut

usum, aut studia volgi amissurus.

Sed ea

res fru-

sALLusT.
stra sperata
:

ri7
eundi plerosfore,

tanta lubido
!

cum Mario

que invaserat
victorem
trahebant.

Sese quisque praeda locupletem

domum
:

rediturum, alia hujuscemodi animis

rius arrexerat

Et eos non paullum oratione sua Manam postquam, omnibus quae postu-

laverat decretis, rnilites scribere volt, hortandi caussa

simul, et nobihtatem (uti consueverat) exagitandi,

contionem
disseruit

populi

advocavit.

Deinde hoc modo

" Scio ego, Qiiirites, plerosque non eisdem artibus inperium a vobis petere, et, postquam adepti sunt, gerere primo industrios, subplicis, modicos esse dein per ignaviam et superbiam aitatem agere. Set uiihi contra ea videtur nam quo pku'is est univorsa respubhca quam consulatus aut preetura, eo majore cura illam administrari
; ;
:

quam
"
ficio

haec peti debere.

falHt,

Neque me
;

quantum cum maxumo

vostro beni-

negoti sustineam.

BeUum

parare simul, et serario

;

parcere
forisque
santis,

cogere ad mihtiam, quos noHs obfendere

domi

omnia curare
si

factiosos,

opinione,
;

et ea agere inter invidos, occurQiiirites, asperius est.

Ad

hoc, aHi

deHquere, vetus nobiHtas, majorum facta

fortia,

cognatorinn et adfinium opes, multai cHentelaa, omnia

hiEc prassidio adsunt

mihi spes omnes in

quas necesse

est et virtute et innocentia tutari

memet sitai, nam aha

:

infirma sunt. " Et iUud inteHego, Qiiirites,

omnium

ora in

me

con-

quippe mea bene facta reipubHcjE procedunt nobiHtatem locum invadendi quaerere. Qiio mihi acrius adnitendum est, uti neque vos capiamini, et iUi frustra sint. Ita ad hoc eetatis a pueritia fui, uti omnis labores et pericula consueta habeam. Qiiae
vorsa esse
;

^quos bonosque
;

favere,

ante vostra benificia gratuito faciebam, ea

uti

accepta

mercede deseram, non

cile

est in

consiHum, Quirites. lUis difiipotestatibus temperare, qui per ambitionem

est

Il8

LATIN READER.
:

sese probos simiilavere mihi, qui omnem aetatem m optumis artibus egi, bene facere jam ex consuetudine in naturam vortit. " Bellum me gerere cum Jugurtha jussistis quam rem
;

nobiHtas aigerrume tuHt.

vostris,

Queso, reputate

cum

animis

mutare mehus sit, si quem ex illo globo nobihtatis ad hoc aut aUud tale negotium mittatis, hominem veteris prosapiai ac multarum imaginum, et nulHus
id

num

stipendi

sciHcet ut in tanta re, ignarus

omnium,

trepi-

det, festinet,
sui.

Ita

sumat aHquem ex populo monitorem offici plerumque evenit, uti quem vos inperatorem jusinperatorem

sistis, is sibi

aHum

quaerat.
facti

" Atque ego scio, Quirites, qui, postquam consules

sunt, et acta

Graecorum mihtaria prajcepta legere cocperint prasposteri homines nam gerere quam fieri tempore posterius, re atque usu prius est. Conparate nunc, Qiiirites, cum iUorum superbia me hominem novom. Qiiai ihi audire et legere solent, eorum partem quae iUi Htteris, ea ego miHtando vidi, aHa egomet gessi
et
:
;

majorum

didici.

" Nunc vos existumate, facta an dicta phn-is sint. Contemnunt novitatem meam, ego ihorum ignaviam mihi fortuna, iUis probra obiciuntur. Qiiamquam ego naturam
;

unam

et

communem omnium

existumo, set fortissumum

patribus Albini
se gigni

quemque generosissumum. Ac, si jam ex aut Bestiae qua^ri posset, mene an iUos ex
erint
;

mahi-

quid responsuros creditis,

si

optumos voluisse ? Qiiod

jure

quam me despiciunt,faciant idem

nisi, sese

Hberos

majoribus suis, quibus, uti mihi, ex virtute nobiHtas coepit. " Invident honori meo ergo invideant hibori, innocen:

tiae,

pericuHs etiam meis, quoniam per haic ilhmi cepi.

conrupti superbia
;

Verum homines
ste vixerint.

ita

aetatem agunt, quasi

vostros honores contemnant

ita

hos petunt, quasi honeet

Ne,

ihi falsi sunt,

qui divorsissumas res pa-

riter exspectant, ignaviae

vohiptatem,

pr^emia

virtutis.

" Atque etiam

cum apud

vos aut in senatu verba

faci-

: : : ;

SALLUST.
unt, pleraque
fortia facta

119

oratione

majores suos extollunt: eorum

clariores sese putant.

memorando

Qiiod con-

quanto vita illorum praeclarior, tanto ho rum socordia flagitiosior. Et profecto ita se res habent majorum gloria posteris quasi lumen est, neque bona netra est.

Nam

que mala eorum

fateor,

in occulto patitur.
;

Cujus

rei

ego inopiam
iniqui

Qiiirites

verum,

id

quod muUo
sibi

pra^clarius est,

meamet
sint.

facta mihi dicere Hcet.

Nunc videte, quam

Qiiod ex aHena virtute

:

adrogant, id mihi ex

mea non concedunt

et

scihcet, quia
est,

imagines non habeo,

certe peperisse

quia mihi nova nobihtas

est,

quam

me-

Hus
Hnt,

quam acceptam
iUis

conrupisse.
si jam mihi respondere veconpositam orationem fore.

" Equidem ego non ignoro,

abunde

facundam

et

Set in

maxumo

vostro benificio,

cum omnibus

locis

me-

que vosque maledictis hicerent, non placuit reticere, ne quis modestiam in conscientiam ducerct. Nam me quidem ex animi sententia nuUa oratio laidere potest quippe vera necesse est bene prcedicent falsa vita moresque mei
:

superant.

" Set quoniam vostra consiHa accusantur, qui mihi

summum honorem
Non possum
consulatus
fidei

et

etiam atque etiam reputate,

maxumum negotium inposuistis num eorum pa^nitcndum sit.

ostentare
:

caussa imagines neque triumphos aut

at, si res
;

majorum meorum

postulet,

prieterea hastas, vexiUum, phaleras, aHa mihtaria dona cicatrices advorso pectore. Hae sunt meai imagines hsec nobiHtas, non hereditate reHcta, ut iUa iUis, set quae egomet meis phn'umis laboribus et pericuHs quaesivi.

Non

sunt conposita verba

:

mea

parvi id facio

ipsa se
fiicta

virtus satis ostendit

iUis artificio

opus

est,

ut turpia

oratione tegant. " Neque Htteras Grcecas

discere,
runt.

didici

parum pLacebat

eas

At

quippe quse ad iUa multo optuma reipubhcai doctus sum

ferire,

virtutem doctoribus nihil profuenihil

hostem

praisidium agitare

metucre,

nisi

I20
turpem famam
quiescere
;
;

LATIN READER.

laborem tolerare. Eis ego pr^eceptis mihtes hortabor neque illos arcte colam, me opulenter neque gloriam meam, laborem illorum faciam. Hoc est utile, hoc civile inperium. Namque cum tute per molHtiem agas, exercitum subphcio cogere, ici est dominum, non imperatorem esse. " Haec atque taha majores vostri faciundo, seque remet
:
;

hiemem et sestatem eodem tempore inopiam

juxta pati

humi

re-

que pubhcam celebravere.

Quis nobihtas

freta, ipsa dis;

simihs moribus, nos illorum semulos contemnit et omnis honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos, a vobis repetit.

Ceterum homines superbissumi procul errant. Majores eorum omnia, quas hcebat, ihis rehquere, divitias, imavirtutem non rehgines, memoriam sui praeclaram
:

quere, neque poterant

accipitur.

ea sola neque datur dono, neque

me et incultis moribus aiunt quia parum convivium exorno, neque histrionem uhum, neque phu-is preci cocum quam vilhcum habeo. Quae mihi lubet Nam ex parente meo et ex ahis sanconfiteri, Quirites. ctis viris ita accepi, munditias muheribus, viris hiborem
" Sordidum
;

scite

omnibusque bonis oportere plus gloriae, quam arma, non supehectilem, decori esse. Quin ergo quod juvat, quod carum aestumant, id semper ament potent ubi adulescentiam liabuere, ibi faciant
convenire
;

divitiarum esse

senectutem agant

in conviviis, dediti ventri et turpis-

sumae parti corporis

sudorem, pulverem,

et alia

taha

re-

hnquant nobis, quibus iha epuhs jocundiora sunt. " Verum non ita est. Nam ubi se omnibus flagitiis dedecoravere turpissumi viri bonorum prasmia ereptum
eunt.
Ita injustissume hixuria et ignavia,
;

pessumae

artes,

iUis qui coluere eas niliil obficiunt

reipubhcae innoxiae

cladi sunt.

"Nunc quoniam
flagitia

ihis

quantum mei mores, non ihorum

poscebant, respondi, pauca de repubhca loquar.

Primum omnium

de Numidia

bonum

habetote

animum,

SALLUST.
Quirites.

121

Nam quae ad hoc tempus Jugurtham tutata omnia removistis, avaritiam, inperitiam, superbiam. Deinde exercitus ibi est, locorum sciens set, mehercules, magis strenuus quam feHx. Nam magna pars ejus avaritia. aut temeritate ducum adtrita est. Qiiamobrem vos,
sunt,
;

quibus militaris

etas est,

adnitimini

mecum,

et capessite

neque quemquam ex calamitate ahorum aut inperatorum superbia metus ceperit. Egomet in ag-

rempubHcam

mine aut in proeho consultor idem, et socius periculis vobiscum adero meque vosque in omnibus rebus juxta geram. " Et profecto deis juvantibus omnia matura sunt, victo;

ria, praeda, laus que si dubia aut procul essent, tamen omnis bonos reipubHcai subvenire decebat. Etenim nemo ignavia inmortaHs factus est neque quisquam parens H:
:

magis, uti boni honestique vitam exigerent. Phu*a dicerem, Qiiirites, si timidis virtuberis uti asterni forent optavit
;

tem verba adderent

nam

strenuis

abunde dictum puto."

plebei

Hujuscemodi oratione habita, Marius postquam animos arrectos videt, propere commeatu,
;

stipendio, armis, aHis utiHbus navis onerat

cum

his

A.

legatum proficisci jubet. Ipse interea miHtes scribere, non more majorum, neque ex classi-

ManHum

bus, sed uti cujusque lubido erat, capite censos ple-

Id factum aHi inopia bonorum, aHi per ambitionem consuHs memorabant quod ab eo genere celebratus auctusque erat, et homini potentiam quagrenti egentissumus quisque opportunissumus cui neque sua cara, quippe quae nuHa sunt, et omnia cum pretio honesta videntur. Igitur Marius cum majore aHquanto numero quam decretum erat in Africam profectus, paucis diebus Uticam advehitur. Exercitus ei traditur a P. RutiHo legato nam MeteUus conspectum Marii fugerat, ne videret ea, quae audita animus tolerare nequiverat.
rosque.
:

122

LATIN READERo

9.

Marius

in the Ficld.

[Chapters S7-94.]

Sed

consul,

expletis

legionibus

cohortibusque

auxiliariis, in
ficiscitur.

castella et

agrum fertilem et prgeda onustum proOmnia ibi capta militibus donat. Dein oppida, natura et viris parum munita, adproelia

greditur

multa,

ceterum

levia,

alia

aliis

locis facere.

Interim novi milites sine metu pugnag

;

adesse

videre fugientis capi, occidi

;

fortissumum

quemque tutissumum
parentesque,
tias et alia

armis libertatem, patriam,

tegi
;

omnia

gloriam atque divi-

quaeri.

Sic brevi spatio novi veteresque coa-

luere, et virtus

omnium
:

aequalis facta.

Marius impigre prudenterque suorum

res pariter adtendere

et

hostium
utris-

cognoscere quid boni

;

que,

aut

contra

esset

explorare itinera
;

regum
apud
se

consilia et insidias

eorum antevenire
illos

nihil

remissum, neque apud

Gietulos, et

tutum

pati.

Itaque et

Jugurtham, ex

sociis nostris

agentes, saepe adgressus in itinere

praedam fuderat, ipsumque

regem haud procul ab oppido

Cirta armis exuerat.

Erat inter ingentis soHtudines oppidum

cules Libus memorabatur.

magnum

atque valens, nomine Capsa, cujus conditor Her-

tham immunes,
;

levi

Ejus cives apud Jugurimperio, et ob ea fidehssumi

habebantur muniti advorsum hostis non moenibus modo, et armis atque viris, verum etiam multo magis locorum asperitate. Nam, praiter oppido propinqua,

aha omnia vasta,

pentibus,

inculta, egentia aqu^e, infesta servis, sicuti

quarum

omnium

ferarum, inopia

cibi acrior.

Ad

hoc natura serpentium, ipsa perni-

SALLUST.
ciosa,
siti

1^3

magis quam alia re accenditur. Ejus Marium maxuma cupido invaserat, cum propter usum belli, tum quia res aspera videbatur et Metellus oppidum Thalam magna gloria ceperat,
potiundi

haud dissimihter situm munitumque,

nisi

quod apud

Thalam non longe

aqua,
cetera

a moenibus aliquot fontes erant

intra

Capsenses una modo, atque ea

oppidum, jugi
et

pluvia utebantur.

Id ibique,

in

omni Africa, qua procul a mari incultius agebatur, eo faciHus tolerabatur, quia Numidce plerumque lacte et ferina carne vescebantur, et neque salem, neque alia irritamenta gulse quaerebant cibus ilHs advorsus famem atque sitim, non lubidini, neque
:

luxuriag erat.
Igitur
fretus,

consul, omnibus exploratis,

credo

deis

nam

contra tantas difficultates consiHo satis

:

providere non poterat

pia tentabatur, quia

quippe etiam^ frumenti ino-

Numidce pabulo pecoris magis quam arvo student, et quodcumque natum fuerat jussu regis in loca munita contulerant ager autem aridus et frugum vacuus.ea tempestate, nam aestatis extremum erat, tamen pro rei copia satis providenter exornat pecus omne, quod superioribus
;

diebus praedae fuerat, equitibus auxiHariis

adtribuit
;

agendum
cohortibus

A. ManHum legatum cum

oppidum Laris, ubi stipendium et commeatum locaverat, ire jubet, se prasdabundum post paucos dies eodem venturum. Sic incepto suo occulto, pergit ad flumen Tanaim. Ceterum in itinere quotidie pecus exercitui per
expeditis ad
centurias, item turmas asquaHter distribuerat, et ex
coriis utres uti fierent

curabat

simul inopiam fru-

menti lenire,

et ignaris

omnibus parare quas mox

124
usui forent
:

LATIN READER.
denique sexto
die,

cum ad flumen

ven-

tum est, maxuma vis utrium effecta. Ibi castris levi munimento positis, milites cibum capere, atque uti
simul

cum occasu

solis

egrederentur paratos esse

jubet; omnibus sarcinis abjectis, aqua modo seque Dein postquam tempus visum, et jumenta onerare. castris egreditur, noctemque totam itinere facto conidem proxuma facit dein tertia, multo ante sedit lucis adventum, pervenit in locum tumulosum, ab Capsa non amplius duum milium intervallo ibique quam occultissume potest, cum omnibus copiis opperitur. Sed ubi dies coepit, et Numidae, nihil hostile
:

metuentes, muki oppido

equitatum, et

egressi

repente

omnem
:

cum

eis

velocissumos pedites cursu

deinde

tendere ad Capsam, et portas obsidere jubet

ipse intentus propere sequi,
sinere.
trepidas,

neque mihtes prgedari Quag postquam oppidani cognovere, res metus ingens, malum improvisum, ad hoc
deditionem facerent.
;

pars civium extra moenia in hostium potestate, coe-

gere

uti

incensum

Ceterum oppidum Numidae puberes interfecti ahi omnes

; ;

venum

dati

praeda

mihtibus divisa.

Id facinus

contra jus belh, non avaritia neque scelere consuhs

admissum

sed quia locus Jugurthae opportunus,

;

nobis aditu difficihs

genus hominum mobile,

infi-

dum, neque beneficio neque metu coercitum. Postquam tantam rem Marius sine ullo suorum incommodo efFecit, magnus et clarus antea, major atque clarior haberi coepit. Omnia non bene consulta
in virtutem

trahebantur

mihtes, modesto imperio

;

ad caslum ferre Numidas magis quam mortalem timere postremo omnes, socii atque hostes, credere ilH aut mentem divinam
habiti, simul et locupletes,
;

SALLUST.
esse, aut

125

deorum nutu cuncta

portendi.

Sed
:

consul,

ubi ea res bene

evenit, ad alia oppida pergit

;

pauca,

repugnantibus Numidis, capit

pter

plura, deserta pro:

Capsensium miserias, igni corrumpit luctu atque Cede omnia complentur. Denique mtdds locis potitus, ac plerisque exercitu incruento, aliam rem adgreditur, non eadem asperitate qua Capsensium, ceterum haud secus
difficilem.

Namque haud longe a flumine Muluchag, quod Jugurthse Bocchique regnum disjungebat, erat
inter

ceteram planitiem mons saxeus, mediocri ca-

stello satis patens, in

gusto aditu rehcto

immensum nam omnis a

editus,

uno peran-

natura velut opere

atque consulto prasceps.

ibi

Quem

locum Marius, quod

vi

regis thesauri erant,

res forte

summa

capere intendit.

Sed ea
castello

quam

consiHo meHus gesta.

sads,

Nam

vis virorum atque armorum aggeribus turribusque et frumend et fons aquae iter castelahis machinationibus locus importunus lanorum angustum admodum, utrimque prascisum. Vinese cum ingenti periculo frustra agebantur nam
;

magna

cum

ee paullo processerant, igni aut lapidibus cor-

rumpebantur;

neque pro opere consistere propter iniquitatem loci, neque inter vineas sine periculo administrare optumus quisque cadere aut sauciari ceteris metus augeri. At Marius, mulds diebus et laboribus comsumpds, anxius trahere cum animo suo, omitteretne mceptum,quoniam frustra erat an fortunam opperiretur, qua sagpe prospere usus fuerat. Quag cum mulquidam tos dies noctesque aestuans agitaret, forte greganus, miles auxihariis Ligus, ex cohortibus
milites
;
;

castris

aquatum egressus, haud procul ab

latere

126
castelli,

LATIN READER.

quod avorsum
alteram,

proeliantibus erat,
;

animum
studio

advortit inter saxa repentis cochleas

quarum cum
montis egres-

unam
sus est.

atque

dein plures peteret,

legundi paullatim prope ad

ingeni humani, cupido
vortit.

summum

Ubi postquam solitudinem

difficiha

intellexit,

more

faciundi

animum
coaluerat

Et

forte in eo loco grandis ilex

inter saxa,

paullum modo prona, dein flexa atque aucta in altitudinem, quo cuncta gignentium natura fert cujus ramis modo, modo eminentibus saxis,
;

castelli planitiem perscrutatur, quod Numidas intenti prceliantibus aderant. Exploratis omnibus quas mox usui fore ducebat, eadem regreditur, non temere, uti escenderat, sed tentans omnia et circumspiciens. Itaque Marium propere adit hortatur ab ea parte qua ipse deacta edocet

nisus

Ligus,

cuncti

scenderat castellum tentet

polHcetur sese

itineris

pericuHque ducem.

Marius cum Ligure, promissa

;

ejus cognitum, ex pragsentibus misit

quorum

uti

cu-

jusque ingenium erat,

nuntiavere.
tus.

ita

rem

difficilem aut facilem

ConsuHs animus tamen pauHum arrecdelegit, et

Itaque ex copia tubicinum et cornicinum nu-

mero quinque quam velocissumos

turiones
gotio
:

cum
et ei

eis,

pragsidio qui forent, miHtes paucos, et quattuor cen-

omnisque Liguri parere jubet,

constituit.

ne-

proxumum diem

Sed ubi ex prcecepto tempus visum, paratis comlocum pergit. Ceterum iHi qui escensuri praserant, prasdocti ab duce, arma ornatumque mutaverant, capite atque pedibus nudis,
positisque omnibus, ad
uti

prospectus nisusque per saxa faciHus foret

;

super
coriis,

terga gladii et scuta

verum ea Numidica ex
et offensa

ponderis gratia simul,

quo levius strepe-

SALLUST.
rent.

127
saxa, et
si

Igitur

preegrediens Ligus

quae

vetustae radices

eminebant, laqueis vinciebat, quifacilius

bus adlevati milites

asperior

escenderent

interdum

timidos insolentia itineris levare

mittere, dein ipse

manu

ubi paullo

adscensus erat, singulos pras se inermos

cum

illorum armis

sequi

que

dubia nisu videbantur potissumus tentare, ac sagpius

eadem adscendens descendensque, dein

grediens, ceteris audaciam addere.

statim di-

Igitur diu mul-

tandem in castellum perveniunt, desertum ab ea parte quod omnes, sicut aliis diebus, advorsum hostis aderant. Marius ubi ex nuntiis quas Ligus egerat cognovit, quamquam toto die intentos proelio Numidas habuerat, tum vero,
tumque
fatigati,
;

cohortatus mihtes, et ipse extra vineas est egressus

testudine acta succedere, et simul hostem tormentis

At sagittariisque et funditoribus eminus terrere. Numidce, sepe antea vineis Romanorum subvorsis, item incensis, non castelH moenibus sese tutabantur,
sed pro

muro

dies noctesque agitare

maledicere
;

Romanis, ac Mario vecordiam objectare

nostris Jugurthas servitium minari
;

mihtibus
hostibus-

secundis rebus

feroces esse.

Interim omnibus,

Romanis
vi

que, proeho intentis,

magna utrimque
:

pro gloria
et
uti

atque imperio his, ilhs pro salute certantibus, re-

pente a tergo signa canere

ac primo muheres
;

pueri, qui visum processerant, fugere

deinde

quisque muro proxumus erat, postremo cuncti, armati

inermesque.

Quod

instare, fundere, ac plerosque

ubi accidit, eo acrius Romani tantummodo sauciare,

dein super occisorum corpora vadere, avidi glori^

certantes

murum

petere,

neque quemquam omnium

praeda morari.

Sic forte correcta Marii temeritas

gloriam ex culpa invenit.

; ;

128

LATIN READER.

lo.

Lucius Cornelius Sulla,

[Chapters 95-101.]

Ceterum,

dum

ea res geritur, L. Sulla qu^estor

;

cum magno
Latio
et

equitatu in castra venit

quos

uti

ex

a sociis cogeret

Romae

relictus erat.

Sed

quoniam nos
est

tanti viri res

admonuit, idoneum visum

familia

de natura cultuque ejus paucis dicere.

fuit,

Igitur Sulla gentis patrici^e nobilis

:

prope jam exstincta majorum ignavia litteris Grascis atque Latinis juxta atque doctissume eruditus animo
;

ingenti

cupidus voluptatum, sed gloriag cupidior

;

otio luxurioso

tamen ab

negotiis

numquam

volup-

tas

remorata

facundus, callidus,

et amicitia facilis

ni incredibilis
ni^e,

ad simulanda ac dissimulanda negotia altitudo ingemultarum rerum, ac maxume pecu;

largitor

atque

illi

felicissumo

omnium

ante
for-

civilem victoriam,

numquam

super industriam

tuna
esset.

fuit

multique dubitavere, fortior an

postea quae fecerit, incertum

felicior

Nam

habeo

pudeat magis an pigeat disserere. Igitur Sulla uti supra dictum est, postquam in

Africam atque

in castra

Mari cum equitatu

venit,

rudis antea et ignarus belli, sollertissumus

in paucis tempestatibus factus est.

omnium

Ad
;

hoc mihtes

benigne adpellare
rantius

multis rogantibus, ahis per se

ipse dare beneficia, invitus accipere

sed ea prope-

quam
;

es

mutuum

reddere

ipse ab nullo re-

petere

magis id laborare, ut
joca atque seria

deberent
in

interim,

agmine atque quod prava ambitio

ilH quam plurimi cum humillumis agere ad vigihas muhus adesse neque
:

solet,

consuHs aut cu-

SALLUSTc
;

29

jusquam boni famam leedere tantummodo neque neque manu priorem alium pati plerosque Quibus rebus et artibus brevi Mario antevenire.
consilio
;

militibusque carissumus factus.

Quarto denique die, haud longe ab oppido Cirta undique simul speculatores citi sese ostendunt qua
;

Sed quia divorsi redeuntes, aHus ab aha parte atque omnes idem significabant, consul incertus quonam modo aciem instrueret, nullo ordine commutato, advorsum omnia
re hostis adesse intellegitur.

paratus, ibidem opperitur.

Interim Sulla,

quem

pri-

mum

hostes adtigerant, cohortatus suos, turmatim et

confertis equis, ipse ahique

quam maxume
invadunt
:

Mauros
eminus

ceteri in loco

manentes ab
si

jaculis

emissis corpora tegere, et

qui in

manus venerant
adduxerat,

obtruncare.

Dum

eo

modo

equites proehantur, Bocfilius ejus

chus

cum

peditibus quos

Volux

neque in priore pugna, in itinere morati, adfuerant, postremam Romanorum aciem invadunt. Tum Marius apud primos agebat, quod ibi Jugurtha cum plurumis erat. Dein Numida, cognito Bocchi adventu, clam cum paucis ad pedites convortit ibi Latine (nam apud Numantiam loqui didicerat) exclamat " nostros frustra pugnare paullo ante Marium sua manu interfectum " simul gladium sanguine obHtum
:

ostendere,

quem

in

pugna,

satis

impigre occiso peubi miHtes accepere,

:

dite nostro, cruentaverat.

Quod

magis atrocitate rei quam fide nuntii terrentur simulque barbari animos tollere, et -in perculsos Ro-

manos
aberant,
ierat,

acrius

incedere.

Jamque pauHum
incurrit.

a fuga

cum SuHa,

profligatis eis

quos advorsum

rediens ab latere Mauris

Bocchus

statim avortitur.

At Jugurtha,
9

dum

sustentare suos

130
et

LATIN READER.

prope jam adeptam victoriam retinere cupit, circumventus ab equitibus, dextra sinistra omnibus
hostium vitabundus erumpit.
fugatis

occisis, solus inter tela

Atque interim Marius,

auxilio
suis,

equitibus, accurrit

quos pelli jam acceperat. Denique Tum spectaculum horribile hostes undique fusi. sequi, fugere campis patentibus occidi, capi equi atque viri adflicti ac multi volneribus acceptis
:

neque fugere posse, neque quietem pati niti modo, ac statim eoncidere postremo omnia, qua visus erat,
;
:

constrata teHs, armis, cadaveribus

infecta sanguine.

et interea

humus

II.

Jugurtha

is

Betrayed and Caftured,

[Chapters 105-114.]

Quibus rebus Mario petiverat,

arbitratu de

cognitis,
uti

Bocchus per Htteras a

ad se mitteret

SuHam

cujus
Is

communibus
pragsidio
:

negotiis consuleretur.

missus
cohors

cum

equitum atque peditum, item

preeterea iere sagittarii et

funditorum Balearium
perandi caussa

PeHgna cum veHtaribus

;

armis, itineris pro-

neque

eis

secus atque ahis armis

advorsus tela hostium, quod ea levia sunt, muniti. Sed in itinere, quinto denique die, Volux, fiHus
Bocchi, repente in campis patentibus

cum

mille

non
vero

ampHus

equitibus sese ostendit

qui temere et effuse

et

euntes, SuHag

aHisque omnibus
hostilem

numerum

ampHorem,
se

et

metum

efficiebant.

Igitur

tendere

quisque expedire, arma atque tela tentare, intimor aHquantus, sed spes ampHor, quippe
;

victoribus, et advorsus eos quos saspe vicerant.

In-

SALLUST.
terim equites, exploratum prsemissi,

131

rem

(uti erat)

quietam nuntiant. Volux adveniens queestorem

"se a patre Boccho obviam
illis

adpellat,

dicitque

simul, et prgesidio

missum." Deinde eum et proxumum diem sine metu conjuncti eunt. Post, ubi castra locata, et diei vesper erat, repente Maurus incerto voltu pavens ad SuUam adcurrit, dicitque, "sibi ex speculatoribus cognitum, Jugurtham haud procul abesse " simul uti noctu clam secum profugeret, rogat atque hortatur. IUe animo feroci negat " se totiens fusum Numidam pertimescere virtuti suorum satis credere etiam si certa pestis adesset, mansurum potius quam,
: :

proditis

quos ducebat, turpi fuga incertae ac forsitan

post paullo

morbo

interiturae vitas parceret."

uti

Cete-

rum ab eodem monitus

consiHum adprobat
in
castris,
;

noctu proficiscerentur,
dein

ac statim milites cenatos esse

ignisque

quam creberrumos

fieri

prima vigiHa
itinere fessis

silentio egredi jubet.

Jamque nocturno

omnibus, Sulla pariter cum ortu soHs

nuntiant Jugurtham
ante eos consedisse.

metabatur,
circiter

cum equites Mauri duum miHum intervaUo

est,
:

Quod postquam auditum

nostros invadit
sidiis

tum vero ingens metus

et in-

credere se proditos a Voluce,

;

circumventos

ac fuere qui

dicerent

manu

vindicandum, neque apud ihum tantum scelus inul-

tum reHnquendum. At SuHa, quamquam eadem existumabat, tamen

ab injuria
fortem

Maurum

prohibet
;

suos hortatur, "uti

animum

gererent

saspe antea paucis stre-

nuis advorsum multitudinem bene

to sibi in

pugnatum

quan-

proeHo minus pepercissent, tanto tutiores

fore

neque quemquam decere, qui manus armave-

132
rit,

LATIN READER.

ab inermis pedibus auxilium petere, in

maxumo
Jovem
lacru-

metu nudum et cascum corpus ad Deinde Volucem, quoniam hostilia

hostis vortere."
faceret,

maxumum
chi
testis

obtestatus ut sceleris atque perfidias Bocadesset, castris abire jubet.

:

Ille

mans
iter

orare, " ne ea crederet

nihil

dolo factum,

magis calHditate Jugurthae, cui videlicet speculanti suum cognitum esset ceterum quoniam neque ingentem multitudinem haberet, et spes opesque
;

ejus ex patre suo penderent, credere illum nihil pa-

lam ausurum, cum

ipse fihus testis adesset

quare

optumum
transire
ris,
;

factu videri, per

media

ejus castra

palam

sese vel prasmissis vel ibidem relictis Mausolum cum Sulla iturum." Ea res, uti in tali negotio, probata, ac statim profecti quia de improviso
:

acciderant, dubio atque haesitante Jugurtha, inco-

lumes transeunt. Deinde paucis diebus quo ire intenderant perventum est. Ibi cum Boccho Numida quidam, Aspar nomine, multum et famihariter agebat praemissus ab Jugurtha, postquam Sullam accitum audierat, orator et subdole speculatum Bocchi consiHa praeterea Dabar, quem Bocchus, fidum esse Romanis multis antea tempestatibus expertus, iHico ad SuUam nuntiatum mittit, " paratum sese facere quae populus Romanus veHet coHoquio diem, locum, tempus ipse deHgeret consulta sese omnia cum iHo integra habere neu Jugurthae legatum pertimesceret quo res communis Hcentius gereretur nam ab insidiis ejus aHter caveri nequivisse." Sed ego comperior Bocchum, magis Punica .^de quam ob ea quae preedica;
: :

bat, simul
isse,

Romanos

et

Numidam

spe pacis adtinu-

multumque cum animo suo volvere soHtum, Ju-

SALLUST.

133
:

gurtham Romanis, an

illi

Sullam traderet

lubidi.
. .

nem advorsum nos, metum pro nobis suasisse. Rex postero die Asparem, Jugurthag legatum,
adpellat, dicitque
;

" sibi

per

Dabarem ex

Sulla co:

gnitum, posse conditionibus bellum componi

quam

ob rem regis sui sententiam exquireret." Ille l^deinde ab illo tus in castra Jugurthae proficiscitur
:

cuncta edoctus, properato itinere, post diem octavum

"Jugurtham sed Mario parum fidere sagpe antea cum imperatoribus Romanis pacem conventam frustra fuisse. Ceterum Bocchus si ambobus consultum et ratam pacem vellet, daret operam ut una ab omnibus, quasi de pace, in colloquium veniretur, ibique sibi Sullam traderet cum talem virum in potestatem habuisset, tum fore uti jussu senatus aut popuH Romani foedus fieret neque hominem nobilem, non sua ignavia, sed ob rempubHcam, in hostium potestate rehctum iri." Hagc Maurus, secum ipse diu volvens, tandem
redit
et
ei

ad Bocchum,

denunciat,

cupere omnia quae imperarentur facere

;

promisit

ceterum dolo an vere cunctatus, parum comperimus. Sed plerumque regiae voluntates, ut vehementes, sic mobiles, ssepe ipse sibi advorsag.
:

Postea, tempore et loco constituto, in colloquium uti

de pace veniretur, Bocchus Sullam modo, modo Jugurthas legatum adpellare, benigne habere, idem

ambobus

polHceri.
Igeti

IHi pariter

ea quae proxuma

fuit

ac spei bonse pleni esse. Sed nocte ante diem coHoquio decretum,

Maurus,
tate,

adhibitis amicis, ac statim

ceteris,. dicitur

immutata volun-

remotis

agitavisse, corpore pariter

secum ipse multum atque animo varius, que

pectoris
patefecisse.

sciHcet

tacente

ipso

occulta

134

LATIN READER.
postremo Sullam accersi jubet,
et ex illius Deinde, ubi dies

Tamen

sententia

Numidag
ei

insidias tendit.
est

advenit, et

nuntiatum

Jugurtham haud procul

abesse,

cum

paucis amicis et qujestore nostro, quasi

obvius honoris caussa, procedit in tumulum facillu-

mum

visu insidiantibus.
necessariis
suis,

Eodem Numida cum

inermis,
ut

pleerat,

risque

dictum

accedit; ac statim, signo dato, undique simul ex insidiis invaditur.

Ceteri obtruncati

Jugurtha Sullag
est.

vinctus traditur, et

ab eo ad

Marium deductus

Per idem tempus advorsum Gallos ab ducibus Q^ Cagpione et Cn. Manlio male pugnatum quo metu Itaha omnis contremuit. IlHmque usque ad nostram memoriam Romani sic habuere, aha omcum GalHs pro salute nia virtuti suae prona esse non pro gloria certari. Sed postquam bellum in Numidia confectum, et Jugurtham vinctum Romam adduci nuntiatum est, Marius consul absens factus isque kalendis est, et ei decreta provincia GalHa triumphavit. Et ea Januariis magna gloria consul
nostris
: : :

tempestate spes atque opes

civitatis in illo site.

: :;

VI.

OVID.
The Story
[Metamorphoses.

I.

of Phaethon,
II. verses 1-362.]

Book

Reo-ia Solis erat sublimibus alta columnis, o

Clara micante auro, flammasque imitante pyropo Cujus ebur nitidum fiistigia summa tenebat

Argenti bifores radiabant lumine valvae. Materiem superabat opus nam Mulciber
;

illic

y^quora Terrarumque orbem, cielumque, quod imminet orbi. Cceruleos habet unda deos Tritona canorum, Proteaque ambiguum, bakenarumque prementem y^ggeona suis immania terga lacertis,
;

cielarat, medias cingentia terras,

lo

Doridaque,

et natas

quarum pars nare

videntur,

Pars in mole sedens virides siccare capillos Pisce vehi quaedam facies non omnibus una,
:

Nec

diversa tamen,
viros,

qualem decet

esse sororum.

Terra

urbesque

gerit, silvasque, ferasque,

15

Fkuiiinaque, et nymphas,

et cetera

Haec super imposita est caeli Signaque sex foribus dextris, totidemque sinistris. Quo simul acclivo Clymeneia limite proles
Venit, et intravit dubitati tecta parentis

numina ruris. fulgentis imago

20
;

Protinus ad patrios sua fert vestigia vultus Consistitque procul neque enim propiora ferebat
:

Lumina.

Purpurea velatus veste sedebat

25

In soHo Phocbus, claris kicente smaragdis. dextra, liEvaque Dics, et Mensis, et Annus,

:: ; :

136

LATIN READER.

Sajculaque, et posIta3 spatiis iequalibus Horse

Verque novum stabat, cinctum florente corona Stabat nuda ^stas, et spicea serta gerebat. Stabat et Auctumnus, calcatis sordidus uvis, Et glacialis Hiemps, canos hirsuta capillos. Inde loco medius, rerum novitate paventem
Sol oculis juvenem, quibus adspicit omnia, vidit. " Qiia^que vias tibi causa? Qiiid hac," ait, " arce
Progenies, Phaetlion, haud infitianda parenti " kix immensi pubHca mundi, Ille refert
:

30

petisti,

"
?

35

Phcebe pater, si das hujus mihi nominis usum, Pignora da, genitor per quce tua vera propago Credar, et hunc animis errorem detrahe nostris."
;

Dixerat.

At

genitor circum caput

;

omne micantes
jussit

Deposuit radios

propiusque accedere

40

Amplexuque
;

Nec tu meus esse negari Dignus es et Clymene veros," ait, " edidit ortus. Qiioque minus dubites, quodvis pete munus et illud,
;

dato, "

Me

tribuente, feres

promissi

testis

adesto

Dis juranda palus, ocuhs incognita nostris." Vix bene desierat currus petit ille paternos,
:

45

Inque diem aHpedum jus et moderamen equorum. Poenituit jurasse patrem. Qiii terque quaterque Concutiens ihustre caput, "Temeraria," dixit, " Vox mea facta tua est. Utinam promissa Hceret

50

Non

dare

Confiteor solum hoc

tibi, nate,

nesfarem.

Dissuadere Hcet.

Non

est tua tuta voluntas. et que

Magna
Munera

petis,

Phaethon,

nec viribus

istis

conveniant, nec tam pueriHbus annis.

:

Sors tua mortaHs

Plus etiam,

non

est

mortale quod optas.

sit,

55

quam quod
ignifero

superis contingere fas

sibi

Nescius

affectas.

Placeat

quisque Hcebit

Non tamen

Me
Qlu

valet excepto.

quisquam consistere in axe Vasti quoque rector Olympi,

60
:

fera terribiH jacuhitur fLdmina dextra,

Non

agat hos currus

et

quid Jove majus habemus?

OVID.

137

Ardua prima

via est, et
:

qua vix mane recentes

est altissima caelo,

Enitantur equi

medio

Unde mare

et terras ipsi

mihi saepe videre

:

Fit timor, et pavida trepidat formidine pectus

65

Ultima prona via

est, et

eget

moderamine

certo.

Tunc

etiam, quae

me

subjectis excipit undis,

Ne

ferar in praeceps, Tethys, solet ipsa vereri.

;

Adde, quod adsidua rapitur vertigine caelum Sideraque alta trahit, celerique volumine torquet. Nitor in adversum nec me, qui cetera, vincit Impetus et rapido contrarius evehor orbi. Finge datos currus. Qiiid ages? poterisne rotatis Obvius ire poHs, ne te citus auferat axis ? Forsitan et lucos illic, orbesque, domosque Concipias animo delubraque ditia donis Esse. Per insidias iter est, formasque ferarum. Utque viam teneas, nulloque errore traharis, Per tamen adversi gradieris cornua Tauri, Haemoniosque arcus, violentique ora Leonis, Saevaque circuitu curvantem brachia longo Scorpion, atque ahter curvantem brachia Cancrum.
:
; :

^o

75

80

Nec

tibi

quadrupedes animosos ignibus

est.

iUis,

Qlios in pectore habent, quos ore et naribus efflant,

In promptu regere
Incahiere animi
;

Vix me

patiuntur, ut acres

85

cervixque repugnat habenis.

tibi

At

tu, funesti
:

ne sim

muneris auctor,
sinit,

Nate, cave

dum

resque

tua corrige vota.

SciHcet, ut nostro genitum te sanguine credas,

Pignora certa

petis. Do pignora certa timendo Et patrio pater esse metu probor. Adspice vultus Ecce meos utinamque oculos in pectora posses
:
:

90

Inserere, et patrias intus deprendere curas

Denique, quidquid habet dives, circumspice, mundus Eque tot ac tantis cieli, terrseque, marisque Posce bonis ahquid nullam patiere repulsam.
:

95

Deprecor hoc

unum

quod vero nomine poena,

138

LATIN READER.
est.

Non honor
QLiid

Poenam, Phaethon, pro mimere, poscis.

?

mea

colla tenes blandis, ignare, hicertis

Ne

dubita, dabitur (Stygias juravimus undas)

optaris
:

100

Qiiodcumque

sed tu sapientiiis opta."

:
.

Finlerat monitus. Dictis tamen ille repugnat Propositumque premit flagratque cupidine curriis. Ergo, qua licuit genitor cunctatus, ad altos Deducit juvenem, Vulcania munera, currus. Aureus axis erat, temo aureus, aurea summae Curvatura rotas radiorum argenteus ordo. Per juga chrysoHthi, posit^eque ex ordine gemmae,
;

105

Chira repercusso redebant himina Phoebo.

Dumque
Perspicit

ea
:

magnanimus Phaethon
fores, et
stellae
:

miratur, opusque iio

ecce vigil nitido patefecit ab ortu

Purpureas Aurora
Atria.

plena rosarum

Diffugiunt

quarum agmina

cogit

Lucifer, et caeh statione novissimus exit.

At

pater ut terras,

mundumque

rubescere vidit,
;

115

Cornuaque extremae vehit evanescere Lunoe

:

Jungere equos Titan velocibus imperat Horis. Jussa deae celpres peragunt ignemque vomentes, Ambrosiae succo saturos, praesepibus akis Qiiadrupedes ducunt adduntque sonantia frffina. Tum pater ora sui sacro medicamine nati
;

I20

Contigit

et rapidaj fecit patientia

:

flamma^.

Imposuitque comae radios

praesagaque hictus
125

Pectore soUicito repetens suspiria, dixit " Si potes hic saUem monitis parere parentis,
Parce, puer, stimuhs
;

et fortius utere loris.

:

Sponte sua properant

labor est inhibcre volcntes.l

Nec

tibi

directos phiceat via quinque per arcus.

Sectus in obhquum est hito curvamine hmes, Zonarumque trium contentus finc pohmique
:

130

Eftligito australem,

junctamque aquilonibus Arcton.'

Hac

sit iter

manifesta rotae vestigia cerncs.

Utque

ferant ^equos et ccehmi et terra calores,

:;

OVID.

39
aethera currum.
;

Nec preme, nec summum molire per

Inferius terras
:

Altius egressus coelestia tecta cremabis

135

medio tutissimus

ibis.

Neu
Inter

te dexterior

tortum declinet in

Anguem,

Neve

sinisterior

prcssam rota ducat ad

tene.

Aram

utrumque

FortunjE caitera

mando

Qtias juvet, et melius,

quam

tu tibi, consulat, opto.

140

Dum

loquor, Hcsperio positas in litore metas

tetigit.

Humida nox
Poscimur.
Corripe lora

Non
vel, si

est

Eflulo^et tenebris

mora libera nobis Aurora fug-atis.

:

manu

mutabile pectus

Est

non curribus, utere nostris 145 Dum potes, et solidis etiam nunc sedibus adstas Dumque male optatos nondum premis inscius axes. Qiia3 tutus spectes, sine me dare lumina terris." Occupat ille levem juvenili corpore currum Statque super manibusque datas contingere habenas 150 Gaudet et invito grates agit inde parenti.
tibi, consiliis,
:
;

Interea volucres Pyroeis, Eous, et ^Ethon,

SoHs equi, quartusque Phlegon, hinnitibus auras Flammiferis implent, pedibusque repaguhi pulsant.
Qiia3

postquam Tethys, fatorum ignara nepotis, Reppuht, et facta est immensi copia mundi

155

Corripuere viam, pedibusque jDcr aera motis Obstantes scindunt nebuhis, pennisque levati
Praitereunt ortos isdem de partibus Euros.

Sed leve pondus erat nec quod cognoscere possent Sohs equi sohtaque jugum gravitate carebat. Utque labant curvae justo sine pondere naves, Perque mare, instabiles nimia levitate, feruntur
; :

160

Sic onere insueto vacuQS dat in aera saUus,

Succutiturque

alte, simihsque est currus inani. Qiiod simul ac sensere ruunt, tritumque rehnquunt
;

165

Qiiadrijugi spatium

nec,

quo

priiis,

ordine currunt.

Ipse pavet

nec qua commissas

sit iter
:

flectat

habenas,
iUis.

Nec

scit,

qua

nec,

si sciat,

imperet

;:

; :

140

LATIN READER.
radiis gelidi caluere Triones,

Tum primum
Et

170

vetito frustra tentarunt aequore tingi.

est glaciali

Quasque polo posita

Frigore pigra
Incaluit
:

proxima Serpens,
ulli,

priiis,

nec formidabilis

Te

sumpsitque novas fervoribus iras. quoque turbatum memorant fugisse, Boote

aethere terras

175

Qiiamvis tardus eras,

Infelix

et te tua plaustra tenebant.

Ut vero summo despexit ab

Phaethon, penitus penitijsque jacentes Palluit, et subito genua intremuere timore

Suntque ocuHs tenebras per tantum hunen obortae. Et jam mallet equos numquamtetigisse paternos Jam cognosse genus piget, et vahiisse rogando Jam Meropis dici cupiens ita fertur, ut acta
:
;

iSo

Praecipiti pinus Borea, cui victa remisit

Fraena suus rector,

Qiiid
faciat.'*

quam

dis votisque rehquit.

:

185

rehctum Ante oculos plus est, Animo metitur utrumque. Et modo, quos iHi fatum contingere non est, Prospicit occasus interdum respicit ortus.
cceH post terga
:

muUum

Qiiidque agat ignarus, stupet: et nec frasna remittit,

190

Nec

retinere valet

nec nomina novit equorum.

Sparsa quoque in vario passim miracula caslo, Vastarumque videt trepidus simulacra ferarum. Est locus, in geminos ubi brachia concavat arcus
Scorpios
;

et

cauda flexisque utrinque

lacertis

195

Porrigit in spatium signorum

membra duorum.

Hunc puer

ut nigri

madidum sudore veneni

Vuhiera curvata minitantem cuspide vidit Mentis inops, gehda formidine lora remisit. Qiias postquam summum tetigere jacentia tergum,

200

nuUoque inhibente per auras IgnotjB regionis eunt quaque impetus egit, Hac sine lege ruunt aUoque sub aethere fixis
Exspatiantur equi
:
; :

Incursant steUis, rapiuntque per avia currum.

Et modo summa petunt, modo per dechva, viasque

205

:;

OVID.
Pragcipites spatio terrae propiore feruntur.

141

Inferiusque suis fraternos currere

Luna

Admiratur equos

ambustaque nubila fumant.

et succis aret

Corripitur flammis, ut quaeque altissima, tellus

Fissaque agit rimas,

ademptis.

2io

Pabula canescunt

cum

frondibus uritur arbos

Materiamque suo prasbet seges arida damno. Parva queror. Magnae pereunt cum mcenibus urbes

Cumque

suis totas populis incendia gentes

.

In cinerem vertunt. Silvae cum montibus ardent. Nec prosunt Scythiae sua frigora Caucasus ardet, Ossaque cum Pindo, majorque ambobus Olympus
:

215

Aeriaeque Alpes, et nubifer Apenninus.

Tunc vero Phaethon

Adspicit accensum
:

cunctis e partibus

orbem
:

nec tantos sustinet aestus

220

Fei^ventesque auras, velut e fornace profunda,

Ore trahit, currusque suos candescere sentit. Et neque jam cineres ejectatamque favillam Ferre potest caHdoque invoHtur undique fumo.
:

Qiioque
Nescit
;

eat,

aut ubi

sit,

picea caHgine tectus

225

et arbitrio

volucrum raptatur equorum.

Sanguine tum credunt in corpora summa vocato, y^thiopum populos nigrum traxisse colorem.

Tum

facta est Libye, raptis

;

humoribus

aestu,

Arida

tunc

Nymphae

passis fontesque lacusque

230

Deflevere comis.

Quaerit Boeotia Dircen,

Argos Amymonen, Ephyre Pirenidas undas.

Nec

sortita loco distantes

:

flumina ripas
: .

Tuta manent mediis Tanais fumavit in undis 235 ^stuat Alpheos ripae Spercheides ardent Quodque suo Tagus amne vehit, fluit ignibus, aurum Et, qua3 M^eonias celebrarant carmine ripas,

: :

Fhimineae vohicres medio cahiere Caystro. Nilus in extremum fugit perterritus orbem, Occuhiitque caput, quod adhuc latet. Ostia septem Pulverulenta vacant, septem sine flumine vafles.
.
.

240

;:;

142
Dissilit

LATIN READER.

omne solum
et

penetratque in Tartara rimis

terret

Lumen,

infernum
:

Et mare contrahitur

siccaeque est
;

cum conjuge Regem. campus arenae,

Quod modo
Ima

pontus erat

quosque altum texerat sequor,

Exsistunt montes, et sparsas Cycladas augent.

petunt pisces

nec se super aequora curvi

ToUere consuetas audent delphines in auras Corpora phocarum summo resupina profundo Exanimata jacent ipsum quoque Nerea fama
:

est,

250

Doridaque,

et natas, tepidis latuisse

sub antris.

Ter Neptunus aquis cum torvo brachia vultu Exserere ausus erat ter non tuHt aeris aestus. Alma tamen Telhis, ut erat circumdata ponto,
:

Inter aquas pelagi, contractos undiquc fontes,

Qiii se condiderant in opacae viscera matris

255

Sustuht omniferos collo tenus arida vuUus

Opposuitque

manum

fronti

magnoque tremore
;

Omnia
Qiiam

concutiens paullum subsedit

solet esse, fuit
:

et infra,
:

siccaque

ita

voce locuta est

260

" Si placet hoc, meruique, quid

tua fuhiiina cessant,

Summe deum ?
Igne perire tuo
;

Liceat perituras viribus ignis,

clademque auctore

levare.

Vix equidem

fauces hasc ipsa in verba resolvo," (Presserat ora vapor,) " tostos en adspice crines,

265

Inque ocuh's tantum, tantum super ora favillae. Hosne mihi fructus, hunc fertihtatis honorem

quod adunci vulnera aratri, anno ? Quod pecori frondes, ahmentaque mitia, fruges, Humano generi, vobis quod thura ministro ? Sed tamen exitium fac me meruisse quid undae, Qiiid meruit frater ? Cur ilh tradita sorte
Officiiquo refers
;

Rastrorumque

fero, totoque exerceor

270

^quora
Qiiod
si

decrescunt, et ab aethere longius absunt ?

nec

fratris,

nec

te

mea
si

gratia tangit
;

275

At caeH miserere tui. Fumat uterque polus

Circumspice utrumque
:

quos

violaverit ignis,

OVID.
Atria vestra ruent. Atlas en ipse laborat humeris candentem sustinet axem.
pereunt,
si

143

Vixque
Si freta,

suis
si

terrce

regia

Cceli,

280

In chaos antiquum confundimur.

Si quid adhuc superest
:

Eripe flammis,

Dixerat hasc Telhis

Ulterii^is potuit,

et rerum consule summs." neque enim tolerare vaporem

:

nec dicere phu-a

suumque
285

RettuHt os in

propioraque Manibus antra. At pater omnij^otens superos testatus, et ipsum,

se,

Qiii dederat curnis, nisi o^^em ferat,

omnia

fato
;

Interitura gravi

summam

petit

arduus arcem

Unde solet nubes latis induc^re tems Unde movet tonitrus, vibrataque fuhnina
Sed neque, quas posset
terris inducere,

jactat.

290

nubes

Tunc habuit
Intonat
:

nec, quos caelo dimitteret, imbres.

et

dextra Hbratum fuhnen ab aure

:

Misit in aurigam

pariterque animaque rotisque

ExpuHt,

compescuit ignibus ignes. Consternantur equi et sahu in contraria facto CoHa jugo eripiunt, abruptaque lora reHnquunt.
et scevis
:

295

IHic freena jacent, iHic temone revulsus Axis in hac radii fractarum parte rotarum Sparsaque sunt hite laceri vestigia curriis. At Phaethon, rutilos flamma populante capiHos,
;

300

Volvitur in praeceps, longoque per aera tractu Fertur ut interdum de ca^lo steHa sereno,
;

Etsi

non cecidit, potuit cecidisse videri. Qiiem procul a patria diverso maximus orbe 305 Excipit Eridanus, spumantiaque abluit ora. Naides Hesperiae trifida fumantia flamma Corpora dant tumulo, signantque hoc carmine saxum HIC SITVS EST PHAETHON, CVRRVS AVRIGA PATERNI QVEM SI NON TENVIT, MAGNIS TAMEN EXCIDIT AVSIS.
:

Nam
Isse

pater obductos, hictu miserabiHs a^gro,

:

Condiderat vuHus

et, si

modo

credimus,

unum

diem

sine sole ferunt.

Incendia lumen

144
Praebebant
;

LATIN READER.
aliqiiisque

malo
dixit

fuit

usus in

illo.

At Clymene, postquam

quaecunque fuerunt

315

In tantis dicenda malis, lugubris et amens,

Et laniata sinus, totum percensuit orbem Exanimesque artus primo, mox ossa requirens, Repperit ossa tamen peregrina condita ripa. Incubuitque loco nomenque in marmore lectum
:
:

320

Perfudit lacrymis, et aperto pectore fovit.

Nec minus Heliades fletus et (inania morti Munera) dant lacrymas et caesae pectorA palmis
:

auditurum miseras Phaethonta querelas Nocte diequa vocant adster;iunturque sepulcro.

:

Non

325

Luna quater

junctis implerat cornibus

orbem

Illas more suo (nam morem fecerat usus) Plangorem dederant. E quis Phaethusa, sororum Maxima, cum vellet terrae procumbere, questa est

Diriguisse pedes

ad

quam

conata venire

330

Candida Lami^etie, subita radice retenta est. Tertia, cum crinem manibus laniare pararet,
Avellit frondes.
Illa dolet fieri

Ilasc stipite crura teneri,

longos sua brachia ramos.

nisi,
et,

Quid

faciat
eat,

mater?

quo trahat impetus iham,

335

Huc Non

atque iHuc?

dum

licet,

oscuhi jungat

satis est.

Truncis avellere corpora tentat

:

Et teneros manibus ramos abrumpere

at inde

Sanguineas manant, tamquam de vuhiere, guttae. " Parce, precor, mater," quaecunqueest saucia, clamat^^^o
*'

Parce, precor: nostrum Laceratur in arbore corpus.

vale."

Jamque

Cortex in verba novissima venit.

:

Inde fluunt lacrimae

stilhitaque sole rigcscunt

:

De

ramis electra novis

et,

quas lucidus amnis

Excipit,

nuribus mittit gestanda Latinis.

345

: :

OVID.

145

2.

The Month of Marck,

[Fasti,

Book

III.]

Bellice, deposltis cllpeo paullsper et hasta, Mars, ades, et nltldas casslde solve comas. Forsltan Ipse roges, quld slt cum Marte poetae? te, qul canltur, nomlna mensls habet. Ipse vldes manlbus peragl fera beUa Mlnei^vse. Num mlnus Ingenuls artlbus Ula vacat.'' Palladls exemplo ponendie tempora sume Cuspldis Invenles et quod Inermls agas.

The Tear of Romulus,

Martia
ter senos proles adoleverat annos,
flavre

Et suberat

Omnibus
Saepe

agrlcolls

iam nova barba comae. armentorumque maglstrls

lasti,

10

Illadas fratres jura petita dabant.

domum

veniunt praedonum sangulne

Et redigunt actos in sua rura boves. Ut genus audlerunt, anlmos pater edltus auget, Et pudet in paucls nomen habere casls Romuleoque cadit trajectus Amullus ense,

15

Regnaque longaevo
;

restltuuntur avo.

Moenia conduntur quae quamvls pan^a fuerunt, Non tamen expedllt transsllulsse Remo. Jam modo qua fuerant silvae pecorumque recessus, Urbs erat, aeternae cum pater Urbis alt " Arblter armorum, de cujus sanguine natus Credor, et ut credar, pignora multa dabo, te principium Romano dlclmus anno Prlmus de patrio nomine mensis erlt." Vox rata fit, patrloque vocat de nomine mensem.

20

25

Dicitur haec pietas grata fuisse deo.

1^6

LATIN READER.
priores.

Et tamen ante omnes Martem coluere

Hoc

dederat studiis bellica turba

suis.

30
.

Mars Latio venerandus erat, quia praesidet armis. Arma ferae genti remque decusque dabant. Nec totidem veteres, quot nunc, habuere Kalendas.
.

Ille

minor geminis mensibus annus

facundum, sed male

erat.

Nondum

tradiderat victas victoribus artes

forte genus.

35

Graicia,

Qui bene pugnabat,

Libera currebant
Sidera
:

Romanam

noverat artem
.

Mittere qui poterat pila, disertus erat.

et inobservata

per

annum
40

constabat sed tamen esse deos.

Non
Illa

illi

cjeIo labentia signa tenebant,

Sed sua, quae magnum perdere crimen erat. quidem fceno sed erat reverentia foeno Qiiantam nunc aquilas cernis habere tuas.
;

Pertica suspensos portabat longa maniplos,

45

Unde maniplaris nomina

miles habet.

Ergo animi indociles et adhuc ratione carentes Mensibus egerunt lustra minora decem. Annus erat, decimum cum kma receperat orbem. Hic numerus magno tunc in honore fuit.
T/ie

50

Tear qf Numa,
deductus ab arvis,
:

Primus,

oliviferis

Romam

PompiHus menses sensit abesse duos Sive hoc a Samio doctus, qui posse renasci Nos putat, Egeria sive monente sua. Sed tamen errabant etiam tunc tempora, donec
Coesaris in multis h^ec

55

quoque cura
suis,

fuit.

Non

haec

ille

deus tanteque propaginis auctor

Credidit

officiis esse

minora

Promissumque

sibi vohiit

pr^enoscere ctehrni,

Nec deus
Ille

ignotas hospes inire domos.

60

moras

soh's,

quibus in sua signa rediret,

Traditur exactis disposuisse notis.

OVID.
Is decles senos

147

tercentum

et

quinque diebus

Junxit, et e pleno tempora quarta die.

Hic anni modus est in lustrum accedere debet, Quae consummatur partibus, una dies.
:

65

The Sabine Wives.

" Si
licet occultos

monitus audire deorum

Vatibus, ut certe fama licere putat,

Cum

sis officiis,

Gradive, virilibus aptus,

Dic mihi, matronaj cur tua festa colant.'* Sic ego sic posita dixit mihi casside Mavors, Sed tamen in dextra missilis hasta fuit:
:

70

"

Nunc primum
Advocor,

studiis pacis,

et gressus in
:

Nec piget incepti Hoc solam ne se posse Minerva

deus utilis armis, nova castra fero. juvat hac quoque parte morari,
putet.

^^

Disce, Latinorum vates operose dierum,

Quod
Parva

petis, et

memori pectore

dicta nota.

prima veHs elementa referre, Roma sed in parva spes tamen hujus erat. Moenia jam stabant, popuHs angusta futuris, Credita sed turbae tunc nimis ampla suae.
fuit, si
;

80

Qiiae fuerit nostri,

si

quaeris, regia nati,

Aspice de canna straminibusque domum.

In stipula placidi carpebat munera somni, Et tamen ex illo venit in astra toro.

^^

Jamque loco majus nomen Romanus habebat Nec conjunx illi, nec socer ullus erat.
Spernebant generos inopes vicinia dives Et male credebar sanguinis auctor ego.
:

90

In stabuHs habitasse et oves pavisse nocebat,

Jugeraque inculti pauca tenere soH. Extremis dantur connubia gentibus at quae
;

Romano

vellet nubere, nulla fuit.

148
Iiidolui,
'

LATIN READER.
patrlamque dedi
:

Tolle preces,' dixi

Festa parat Conso

Illo facta die

tibi, Romule, mentem. quod petis arma dabunt.' Consus tibi cetera dicet,
'

95

dum
et

sua sacra canes.

Intumuere Cures,

Tum primum
Jamque

generis intulit

fere raptie

attigit idem arma socer 100 matrum quoque nomen habebant,

quos dolor

Tractaque erant longa bclla propinqua mora. Conveniunt nuptae dictam Junonis in aidem, Qiias inter mea sic est nurus orsa loqui
'

pariter raptag,
ultra lente
:

quoniam hoc commune tenemus,

possumus
esse pias.

Non

Stant acies

sed utra di sint pro parte rogandi,

EHgite

hinc conjunx, hinc pater arma tenet.

est, viduas fieri mahmus, an orbse. ConsiHum vobis forte piumque dabo.' ConsiHum dederat. Parent, crinesque resolvunt,

Qriaerendum

10

Maestaque funerea corpora veste tegunt.

Jam steterant acies ferro mortique paratae, Jam Htuus pugnae signa daturus erat

Cum

raptae veniunt inter patresque virosque,

115

Inque sinu natos, joignora cara, tenent.

Ut medium campi

scissis tetigere capiUis,

:

In terram posito procubuere genu Et quasi sentirent, bhindo cLamore nepotes

Tendebant ad avos bracchia pai"va suos. cLamabat avum, tunc denique visum Et qui vix poterat, posse coactus erat. Tela viris animique cadunt gLadiisque remotis
Qiii poterat,
;

120
;

manus, Laudatasque tenent natas, scutoque nepotem

Fert avus
:

Dant

soceri generis accipiuntque

125

hic scuti dulcior usus erat.

Inde diem, quae prima, meas celebrare Kalendas CEbaHae matres non leve munus habent.

:;

OVID.

149

l^aunus and Plcus.

Quis mihi nunc
dicet,

quare

ciElestia

Martis
130

Arma

ferant Salii,

Mamuriumque canant?

Nympha, mone nemori stagnoque operata Dianae, Nympha, Numas conjunx, ad tua facta veni.
ValHs AricincB
silva praecinctus

opaca

Est lacus, antiqua relligione sacer.

Hic

latet

Hippolytus

furiis direptus

equorum

135

Unde nemus nulHs

Et posita

illud aditur equis.

Licia dependent, longas velantia saepes,

est meritce

multa tabella

dese.

Saepe potens voti, frontem redimita coronis,

Femina hicentes portat ab Urbe faces. Regna tenent fortes manibus, pedibusque
Et
perit

140
fugaces,

exemplo postmodo quisque

suo.

Defluit incerto lapidosiis

murmure

rivus

Saspe, sed exiguis haustibus inde bibi.

Egeria

est,

que praebet aquas, dea grata Camenis.

145

IUa Numae conjunx consihumque fuit. Principio nimium promptos ad bella Qihritis
Molliri placuit jure

deumque metu

Inde datae leges, ne firmior omnia posset CcEptaque sunt pure tradita sacra coh.

150
est,

Exuitur

armisque potentius aequum Et cum cive pudet conseruisse manus.

feritas

Atque ahquis, modo trux, visa jam vertitur ara, Vinaque dat tepidis salsaque farra focis. Ecce deum genitor rutihis per nubila flammas
Spargit, et eftusis aethera siccat aquis.

155

Non

ahas missi cecidere frequentius ignes.

pavet, et volgi pectora terror habet.
!

Rex

Cui dea " Ne nimium terrere piabile fuhnen Est" ait " et saevi flectitur ira Jovis. Sed poterunt ritum Picus Faunusque piandi Tradere, Romani numen utrumque soh.

160

::

150

LATIN READER.
sine vl tradent
:

Nec

adhibeto vincula captis "

:

Atque ita, qua possint, erudit, arte capi. Lucus Aventino suberat niger ilicis umbra,
Qiio posses viso dicere

165

Numen

inestl

In medio gramen, muscoque adoperta virenti Manabat saxo vena perennis aquae.

Inde fere

soli

Faunus Picusque bibebant.

:

venit, et fonti rex Numa mactat ovem Plenaque odorati disponit pocula Bacchi,

Huc

170

Cumque

suis antro conditus ipse latet.

Ad

soHtos veniunt silvestria

numina

fontes,

Et relevant multo pectora Vina quies sequitur geHdo

:

sicca mero.

prodit ab antro, manus. Somnus ut abscessit, pugnando vincula temptant Rumpere pugnantes fortius illa tenent.

Numa

175

Vinclaque sopitas addit

in arcta

Tunc Numa
Qtioque
Sic

"

Di nemorum,

factis ignoscite nostris,

Si scelus ingenio scitis abesse meo,

180
ait

modo Numa.
petis,
:

possit fuhnen, monstrate, piari."

Sic quatiens cornua Faunus

"Magna

nec quae monitu

tibi

discere nostro

Fas sit habent fines numina nostra suos. Di sumus agrestes, et qui dominemur in altis
Montibus arbitrium est in sua telajovi. Hunc tu non poteris per te deducere Cielo
:

185

At poteris nostra forsitan usus ope." Dixerat haec Faunus par est sententia Pici. " Deme tamen nobis vincula," Picus ait
;

190

" Juppiter huc veniet, vaHda perductus ab

arte.

Nubila promissi Styx mihi testis erit." Emissi laqueis quid agant, quae carmina dicant,
Scire nefas homini.

Qiiaque trahant superis sedibus arte Jovem, Nobis concessa canentur,

caelo te,

195

Qiiseque pio dici vatis ab ore Hcet.

EHciunt

Juppiter

unde minores

Nunc quoque

te celebrant,

EHciumque

vocant.

OVID.
Constat Aventinas tremiiisse cacumina
silvae,

151

Terraque subsedit pondere pressa Jovis. Corda micant regis, totoque e pectore sanguis
Fugit, et hirsutae deriguere comag.

200

Ut

rediit animus, " Da certa piamina" dixit " Fulminis, altorum rexque paterque deum,

Si tua contigimus

manibus donaria puris

petitur,
si

205

Hoc quoque, quod

Annuit oranti
;

pia lingua rogat."

sed

verum ambage remota

:

Abdidit, et dubio terruit ore virum.

" Caede caput" dixit cui rex '' Parebimus" inquit " Caedenda est hortis eruta cepa meis."

210

Addidit hic " Hominis " "

:

Summos"

ait ille

"

capillos."

Postulat hic
Risit
;

animam

cui

Numa
mea

" piscis "

ait.

et

" His " inquit " facito

protulerit

tela procures,

O
Sed

vir colloquio
tibi,

non abigende deum. cum totum crastinus orbem

215

Cynthius, imperii pignora certa dabo."

Dixit, et ingenti tonitru super aethera

Fertur, adorantem destituitque

Ille redit laetus,

motum Numam.
220

memoratque

Qiiiritibus acta

Tarda venit
"

dictis difficiHsque fides.

si

At

certe credemur," ait, "

;

verba sequetur
:

Exitus

en audi crastina, quisquis ades

Protulerit terris

cum totum Cynthius orbem,

225

Juppiter imperii pignora certa dabit." Discedunt dubii promissaque tarda videntur;

Dependetque

fides a veniente die.

7^/1 e

Sacred Shield,

Mollis erat telhis rorata

mane pruina

populus hmina regis adest. Prodit, et in soHo medius consedit acerno.: Innumeri circa stantque silentque viri. Ortus erat summo tantummodo margine Phoebus

Ante

sui

230

SoUicitae mentes speque

metuque pavent.

; :

152
Constitit, atque

LATIN READER.
caput niveo velatus amictu

Jam
Atque

bene
ita,

dis notas sustulit ille

manus
:

"

Tempus
dictis,

adest promissi muneris," inquit

235

"Pollicitam

Juppiter, adde fidem."

loquitur, totum jam sol emoverat orbem, Et gravis iethereo venit ab axe fragor. Ter tonuit sine nube deus, tria fulgura misit.

Dum

Credite dicenti

mira, sed acta, loquor.

dehiscere ccepit

A media caelum regione

:

240

Submisere oculos cum duce turba suo. Ecce levi scutum versatum leniter aura Decidit a populo clamor ad astra venit. TolHt humo munus c^esa prius ille juvenca,

245
est-,

premenda jugo, Atque ancile vocat, quod ab omni parte recisum Qiiaque notes ocuHs, angulus omnis abest.

Qiisi dederat nulli colla

Tum, memor
Consihum
Plura jubet

imperii sortem consistere in

multse calliditatis
init.

illo,

250

fieri simili caelata figura,

Error ut ante oculos insidiantis

eat.
artis,

Mamurius, morum fabraene exactior

Cui

Difficile est, iUud, dicere, clausit opus.

Numa
mea

" Si

munificus " Facti pete praemia" dixit: nota fides, irrita nulla petes."
et

255

Jam

dederat Sahis a saltu nomina dicta,

Armaque

ad certos verba canenda modos.

:

Tum

Mamurius " Merces mihi gloria detur, Nominaque extremo carmine nostra sonent."
sic

260

Inde sacerdotes operi promissa vetusto Pr^emia persolvunt, Mamuriumque vocant.

T/ie Tnfa^tt yupiter.

Una

nota est Marti Nonis, sacrata quod

illis

Templa putant lucos Vejovis ante duos. Romuhis ut saxo lucum circumdedit alto, " QiiiUbet huc" inquit " confuge, tutus eris."

265

OVID.

153

O quam
Turba

de tenui
vetus

Romanus origine crevit quam non invidiosa fuit

tibi

Ne tamen

ignaro novitas
iste

nominis obstet,
ita.
:

Disce, quis

deus, curve vocetur

270

Juppiter est juvenis,

juvenalis aspice voltus

tenet.

Aspice deinde, manu fulmina nulla

Fulmina post ausos c^elum adfectare gigantas. Sumpta Jovi primo tempore inermis erat Ignibus Ossa novis et Pelion altius Ossa Arsit, et in solida fixus Olympus humo. nymphae pavisse feruntur Stat quoque capra simul
:
;

275

Cretides

infanti lac dedit illa Jovi.

:

Nunc

vocor ad nomen vegrandia farra colonae QucE male creverunt, vescaque parva vocant. Vis ea si verbi est, cur non ego Vejovis sedem

280

-^dem non magni

suspicer esse Jovis ^

Bacchus and Ariadne.

Jamque, ubi caeruleum variabunt sidera caelum, Suspice Gorgonei coUa videbis equi. Creditur hic caesse gravida cervice Medusae Sanguine respersis prosihiisse jubis. Huic supra nubes et subter sidera lapso Caelum pro terra, pro pede pinna fuit. Jamque indignanti nova frena receperat ore, Cum levis Aonias ungula fodit aquas. Nunc fruitur caelo, quod pinnis ante petebat, Et nitidus steUis quinque decemque micat.
:

285

290

Protinus aspicies venienti nocte

:

Coronam
295

Gnosida Theseo crimine facta dea est. Jam bene perjuro mutarat conjuge Bacchum,
QjriiE

dedit ingrato

fila

legenda viro.

Sorte tori gaudens " Quid flebam rustica.^" dixit: " Utihter nobis perfidus ille fuit."
Interea Liber depexos crinibus Indos
Vicit, et eoo dives ab orbe redit.

300

"

154

LATIN READER.

Inter captivas facie prasstante puellas

Grata nimis Baccho

filia

regis erat.

Flebat amans conjunx, spatiataque litore cui-vo Edidit incultis talia verba comis " En iterum, fluctus, similes audite querellas
:
!

305

En

iterum lacrimas accipe, arena, meas

et perjide

Dicebam, memim, perjiire

Ille abiit
;

Theseul

eadem crimina Bacchus habet. Nunc quoque nulla viro clamaho yemina credatl Nomine mutato causa relata mea est Outinam mea sors, qua primum coeperat, issit, Jamque ego j^raesenti tempore nuUa forem
!

310

QLiid

me

desertis perituram, Liber, arenis

Servabas? potui dedoluisse semel.

Bacche

levis,

leviorque

tuis,

qua3 tempora cingunt,

315

Frondibus, in lacrimas cognite Bacche meas,

Heu

ubi pacta fides? ubi, quas jurare solebas?

miseram, quotiens haic ego verba loquar? Thesea culpabas, fallacemque ipse vocabas
Judicio peccas turpiiis ipse tuo.

Me

320

Ne sciat hoc Ne totiens

Illa

quisquam, tacitisque doloribus urar, falli digna fuisse puter.

!

ego sum, cui tu soHtus promittere caelum. Ei mihi, pro c^elo qualia dona fero Dixerat audibat jamdudum verba querentis
:

325

Liber, ut a tergo forte secutus erat.

Occupat amplexu, lacrimasque per oscula Et " Pariter cieli summa petamus" ait.
"

siccat,

Tu

Nam

mihi juncta toro mihi juncta vocabula sumes tibi mutata^ Libera nomen erit.
tue

330

Sintque
Dicta

tecum faciam monumenta corona}, Volcanus Veneri quam dedit, illa tibi."
in ignes.

fiicit, gemmasquc novem transformat Aurea per stellas nunc micat illa novem.

; ;

OVID.

155

Anna Perenna.
Idibus est AnnaB festum geniale Perennae,

335

advena Thybri, tuis. Plebs venit, ac virides passim disjecta per herbas Potat, et accumbit cum pare quisque sua. Sub Jove pars durat pauci tentoria ponunt
procul a
ripis,
;

Haud

Sunt quibus

ramis frondea facta casa est

togas.

340

Pars ubi pro rigidis calamos statuere columnis,

Desuper extentas imposuere

Qiiot

Sole tamen vinoque calent, annosque precantur,

sumant cyathos, ad numerumque bibunt.

illic,

Invenies

qui Nestoris ebibat annos,

345

Quae
Illic et

sit

per calices facta Sibylla suos.

cantant, quicquid didicere theatris,

Et jactant faciles ad sua verba manus Et ducunt posito duras cratere choreas, Cultaque diftusis saltat amica comis.

350

Cum

redeunt, titubant, et sunt spectacula volgi,

Et fortunatos obvia turba vocat.

Occurri nuper
:

visa est mihi digna relatu

senem potum pota trahebat anus. Qiie tamen haec dea sit, quoniam rumoribus Fabula proposito nulla tacenda meo. Arserat yEneae Dido miserabilis igne,
;

Pompa

errat,

355

Arserat exstructis in sua fata rogis

Compositusque cinis, tumuHque in marmore carmen 360 Hoc breve, quod moriens ipsa rehquit, erat PRtEBUIT ^neas et causam mortis et ensem ipsa sua dido concidit usa manu. Protinus invadunt Numidae sine vindice regnum,
:

Et potitur capta Maurus larba domo. Seque memor spretum, "Thalamis tamen" inquit "Elissae

En

ego,

quem

totiens

reppuHt

illa,

fruor."

Diffugiunt Tyrii, quo

quemque

agit error, ut olim

Amisso

dubiae rege vagantur apes.

1^6

LATIN READER.

Tertia nudandas acceperat area messes,

Inqiic cavos ierant tertia
Pellitur

musta lacus

370

Anna domo,
;

lacrimansque sororia linquit

Moenia germanae justa dat ante suae. Mixta bibunt molles lacrimis unguenta favillae,
Vertice libatas accipiuntque comas.

Terque Vale !

dixit, cineres ter

illis

ad ora relatos
sequo,

375

Pressit, et est

visa subesse soror.

Nancta ratem comitesque fugae, pede labitur Moenia respiciens, dulce sororis opus.
Fertilis est Melite sterili vicina Cosyrae

Insula,

quam

Libyci verberat unda

freti.

380

Hanc
Qiii

petit, hospitio regis confisa vetusto

Hospes opum dives rex ibi Battus erat. postquam didicit casus utriusque sororis, " HiEC " inquit " tellus quantulacumque tua Et tamen hospitii servasset ad ultima munus Sed timuit magnas Pygmalionis opes.
!

est."

385

Signa recensuerat bis

sol

sua

tertius ibat
est.

Annus,

el exilio terra

paranda nova

Frater adest belloque petit. Rex arma perosus " Nos sumus imbelles, tu fuge sospes " ait.
!

390

Jussa Asperior quovis asquore frater

fugit,

ventoque ratem committit

erat.

et undis.

Est prope piscosos lapidosi Crathidis amnes Parvus ager Camcren incola turba vocat.
:

Illuc cursus erat,

nec longius afuit inde,

395

Qiiam quantum novies mittere funda potest. Vela cadunt primo, et dubia Hbrantur ab aura.*
" Findite remigio " navita dixit " aquas "
!

Dumque

parant torto subducere carbasa

lino,

Percutitur rapido puppis adunca Noto, Inque patens jequor, frustra pugnante magistro,
Fertur, et ex ocuHs visa refugit

40O

humus.

Adsiliunt fluctus, imoque a gurgite pontus

Vertitur, et canas alveus haurit aquas.

OVID.
Vincitur ars vento
Utitur, aut votis
:

157
405

nec jam moderator habenis

liis

quoque poscit opem.

Jactatur tumidas exsul Phoenissa per undas,

Humidaque opposita lumina veste tegit. Tunc primum Dido feUx est dicta sorori, Et quaecumque aHquam corpore pressit humum.
Figitur ad Laurens ingenti flamine Htus Puppis, et expositis omnibus hausta perit. Jam pius ^neas regno nataque Latini

410

Auctus

erat,

populos miscueratque duos.

Litore dotaH solo comitatus Achate

415
iter,

Secretum nudo
Esse

dum

pede carpit

Aspicit errantem, nec credere sustinet

:

Quid in Latios iUa veniret agros

est
!

Annam
?

Dum
Quo

secum ^neas, " Anna

" exclamat Achates.

Ad nomen voltus

sustuHt iUa suos.

420

fugiat? quid agat? quos terrae quaerat hiatus?

fata sororis erant.
;

Ante oculos miserae

Flet

Sensit, et adloquitur trepidam Cythereius heros

tamen admonitu motus, EHssa, tui. " Anna, per hanc juro, quam quondam audire solebas

TeUurem

fato prosperiore dari,

Perque deos comites, hac nuper sede

Saepe meas iUos increpuisse moras.

locatos,

Nec

timui de morte tamen

!

metus

afuit iste.

Ei mihi

credibiU fortior iUa

fuit.

430

Ne
At

refer

aspexi non iUo pectore digna

Volnera, Tartareas ausus adire domos.

tu,

seu ratio te nostris appuHt oris,

Sive deus, regni

commoda
nil

Multa

tibi

memores,

carpe mei non debemus EHssse

435

Nomine grata tuo, grata sororis, eris." TaUa dicenti neque enim spes altera restat

440

Credidit, errores exposuitque suos.

Utque

Incipit

domum intravit Tyrios induta paratus, ^neas cetera turba silet

158
"

LATIN READER.
tlbi
:

Hanc

cur tradam, pia causa, Lavinia conjunx,

Est mihi

consumpsi naufragus hujus opes.

Orta Tyro est, regnum Libyca possedit in ora Qiiam precor ut caros more sororis ames."

Gmnia

promittit, falsumque Lavinia volnus

445

Mente premit tacita, dissimulatque fremens. Donaque cum 'videat pr^eter sua lumina ferri Multa palam, mitti clam quoque multa putat.

Non

habet exactum, quid agat

erat

furialiter odit,

Et parat

insidias, et cupit ulta mori.

450

Nox

ante torum visa est adstare sororis

Squalenti Dido sanguinolenta coma Et " Fuge, ne dubita, msestum, fuge" dicere "tectum."

Sub verbum querulas impulit aura

Exsilit, et velox

fores.

humili super arva fenestra

ipse timor.

455

audacem fecerat Qiuique metu rapitur, tunica

Se
jacit
:

velata recincta
lupis.

Currit, ut auditis territa

damma

Corniger hanc cupidis rapuisse Numicius undis

Creditur, et stagnis occuluisse suis.

460

Sidonis interea
Qiiaeritur
:

magno clamore per

:

agros

apparent signa notaeque pedum.

conscius amnis aquas
inerant vestigia ripis

Ventum

erat ad ripas

Sustinuit tacitas

Ipsa loqui visa est " Placidi

Amne

perenne latens

sum nympha Numlci Anna Perenna vocor."

Ccesar.

465

Murder of
Prasterlturus

eram gladios
!

In prlncipe fixos,

Vesta locuta focis Cum " N^ dubita memlnlsse meus fuit ille sacerdos Sacrilegae teHs me petiere manus. Ipsa virum rapui, simulacraque nuda rellqui
slc a castls

470

Qiiae cecidit ferro, Caesaris

Ille

umbra

fuit."

quidem cajlo posltus Jovis atria vidlt, Et tenet In magno templa dicata foro.

OVID.

159
475

At quicumque

nefas ausi, prohibente deorum Numine, polluerant pontiticale caput, Morte jacent merita. Testes estote Philippi, Et quorum sparsis ossibus albet humus. Hoc opus, hasc pietas, hsec prima elementa fuerunt Caesaris, ulcisci justa per arma patrem.

480

Bacchus and the Uoney-cakes.

Tertia post Idus lux est celeberrima Baccho.

Bacche, fave
Sithonas
et

vati,

dum

tua festa cano.

Scythicos longum

e^

narrare triumphos,

Et domitas gentes, turifer Inde, tuas. Tu quoque Thebanai mala prasda tacebere matris,
Inque tuum furiis acte, Lycurge, genu. Ecce Hbet subitos pisces Tyrrhenaque monstra Dicere sed non est carminis hujus opus. Carminis hujus opus causas expromere, quare
:

485

Vihs anus populos ad sua Hba vocet. Ante tuos ortus arse sine honore fuerunt,
Liber, et in gehdis herba reperta focis.

490

Te memorant Gange totoque oriente subacto PrimJtias magno seposuisse Jovi. Cinnama tu primus captivaque tura dedisti, Deque triumphato viscera tosta bove. Nomine ab auctoris ducunt libamina nomen,
Libaque, quod sacris pars datur inde focis. Liba deo fiunt, succis quia dulcibus idem Gaudet, et a Baccho mella reperta ferunt.
Ibat arenoso satyris comitatus ab Hebro,

495

Non habet ingratos fabula nostra jocos

erat

500

Jamque

yEriferas

ad Rhodopen Pangasaque florida ventum comitum concrepuere manus.

Ecce novae coeunt volucres tinnitibus actae, Qiiosque movent sonitus aera, sequuntur apes.
Colhgit errantes et in arbore claudit inani
Liber, et inventi prasmia melHs habet.

505

::

::

l6o

LATIN READER.
saporem,
favos.

Ut

satyri levisque senex tetigere

Qiiserebant flavos per

nemus omne

5^^

Audit

in exesa stridorem examinis

ulmo,
:

Adspicit et ceras dissimulatque senex

Utque piger pandi tergo residebat aselli, Applicat hunc ulino corticibusque cavis. Constitit ipse super ramoso stipite nixus, Atque avide trunco condita mella petit. Milia crabronum coeunt, et vertice nudo Spicula defigunt, oraque sima notant.
Ille cadit praeceps, et calce feritur aselli,

515

Inclamatque suos, auxiliumque rogat. Concurrunt satyri, turgentiaque ora parentis Rident percusso claudicat ille genu. Ridet et ipse deus, limumque inducere monstrat.
:

520

Hic paret

monitis, et linit ora luto.

;

Melle pater fruitur

liboque infusa calenti

525

Jure repertori candida mella damus.

Rites qf Minerva,

Una dies media est, et fiunt sacra Minervae, Nomina quas junctis quinque diebus habent.
Sanguine prima vacat, nec fas concurrere Causa, quod est illa nata Minerva die.
Ensibus exsertis bellica
Qiii
laeta

ferro

530

Altera tresque super rasa celebrantur arena

dea

est.

Pallada nunc pueri teneraeque orate puellse

bene placarit Pallada, doctus

erit.

Pallade placata lanam molHre puellae

Discant, et plenas exonerare colos.
Illa

535

etiam stantes radio percurrere telas

Erudit, et rarum pectine denset opus.

Hanc cole, qui laesis maculas de vestibus aufers Hanc cole, velleribus quisquis aena paras. Nec quisquam invita faciet bene vincula plantae
Pallade,
sit

540

Tychio doctior

ille licet.

OVID.

;f6l

Epeo mancus erit. Vos quoque, Phoebea morbos qui pellitis Munera de vestris pauca referte de^.
licet

Et

antiquo manibus collatus

Sit prior, irata Pallade

arte,

545

Nec

vos, turba fere censu fraudata, magistri,

:

Spernite

discipulos attrahit

illa

novos.

Quique moves cailum, tabulamque coloribus uris, Quique facis docta molHa saxa manu. Mille dea est operum certe dea carminis illa est
:

550

Si mereor, studiis adsit amica meis.

qua mons descendit in cEquum, Hic ubi non plana est, sed prope plana via, Parva hcet videas Captte dekibra Minerv^,
Quae dea natah coepit habere suo. Nominis in dubio causa est. Capitale vocamus Ingenium sollers ingeniosa dea est. An quia de capitis fertur sine matre paterni Vertice cum cHpeo prosihiisse suo ?
:

Caelius ex alto

555

An An

560

quia perdomitis ad nos captiva FaHscis

et hoc ipsum Httera prisca docet. quod habet legem, capitis quac pendere pcEnas

Venit?

Ex

A quacumque trahis ratione vocabuLi,

Pro ducibus
nostris jegida
7^/ie

iHo jubeat furta reperta loco

Pahas,
!

565

semper habe

Goldeu Fleece.

Summa
Nunc

dies e quinque tubas lustrare canoras

et forti sacrificare dese.

Admonet,

potes ad solem subhito dicere voltu, " Hic here Phrixeae veHera pressit ovis."
tostis scelerat^e

570

Seminibus

fraude noverc^,

Sustulerat nuHas, ut solet, herba comas. Mittitur ad tripodas, certa qui sorte reportet,

Quam steriH terrae Delphicus edat opem. Hic quoque, corruptus cum semine, nuntiat HeHes Et juvenis Phrixi funera sorte peti.

^75

l62

LATIN READER.

Utque recusantem cives et tempus et Ino Compulerunt regem jussa nefanda pati, Et soror et Phrixus, velati tempora vittis,
Stant simul ante aras, junctaque fata gemunt. mater, Aspicit hos, ut forte pependerat aethere, manu nuda pectora attonita ferit Et
:

580

Inque draconigenam nimbis comitantibus urbem

Desilit, et natos eripit inde suos.

Utque fugam capiant,

Traditur
:

aries nitidissimus auro

585

ille

vehit per freta longa duos.

Dicitur infirma cornu tenuisse sinistra Femina, cum de se nomina fecit aquae. Paene simul periit, dum volt succurrere lapsae,
Frater, et extentas porrigit usque manus. Flebat, ut amissa gemini consorte pericH,

590

Cseruleo junctam nescius esse deo. Litoribus tactis aries fit sidus at hujus
:

Pervenit in Colchas aurea lana domos.

Tres ubi Luciferos veniens praemiserit Eos,

595

Tempora

nocturnis aequa diurna feres.

Inde quater pastor saturos ubi clauserit haedos, Canuerint herbae rore recente quater, mitis Janus adorandus, cumque hoc Concordia erit. Pacis Et Romana Salus, araque

600

Luna

menses hujus quoque tempora mensis Finit Aventino Luna colenda jugo.
regit
:

VII.

((

Lihrary
^^^i^;:^

V I R G I L.
T/ie

OM^t^

I.

Story
Book IV.

of

Aristceus.

[Georgics,

verses 317-558.]

Pastor

Anstseus, fugiens Peneia

Tempe,

Amissis, ut fiima, apibus morboque fameque,

Tristis ad extremi sacrum caput adstitit amnis, Multa querens, atque hac affatus voce parentem " Mater, Cyrene mater, quoe gurgitis hujus

Ima

tenes, quid

me

praechira stirpe
est

Si modo, quem perhibes, pater Invisum fatis genuisti? aut quo

deorum Thymbraeus Apollo

lo

tibi nostri

Pulsus amor? quid

me

cashmi sperare jubebas?

En

etiam hunc ipsum

vitae

mortahs honorem,

Qiiem mihi vix frugum

et

pccudum
te

custodia soUers

Omnia

temptanti extuderat,

matre, rehnquo.
;

Qiiin age, et ipsa

manu

fehccs erue silvas

Fer stabuhs inimicum ignem, atque interfice mcsses Ure sata, et vahdam in vites mohre bipennem, Tanta meae si te ceperunt taedia laudis.'* At mater sonitum thaLamo sub fluminis alti
Sensit. Eam circuni Milesia veUera Nymphae Carpebant, hyah saturo fucata colore. Dum fusis mohia pensa

15

Devolvunt, iterum maternas impuht aures Luctus Aristaei, vitreisque sedihbus omnes

20

Obstupuere
Prospiciens,

sed ante ahas Arethusa sorores

summa

flavum caput extuht unda

164
:

LATIN READER.
tanto,

Et procul "0 gemitu non frustra exterrita Cyrene soror, ipse tibi, tua maxima cura,
Tristis Aristaeus Penei genitoris

25

ad

undam

te crudelem nomine dicit." Huic percussa nova mentem formidine mater, " Duc, age, duc ad nos fas ilii limina divum Tangere," ait. Simul alta jubet discedere late Flumina, qua juvenis gressus inferret at illum Curvata in montis faciem circumstetit unda

Stat lacrimans, et

30

Accepitque sinu vasto misitque sub amnem. . Postquam est in thalami pendentia pumice tecta Perventum, et nati fletus cognovit inanes Cyrene, manibus liquidos dant ordine fontes Germance, tonsisque ferunt mantelia villis Pars epulis onerant mensas, et plena reponunt Pocula Panchaeis adolescunt ignibus arae Et mater, " Cape Maionii carchesia Bacchi Oceano Hbemus," ait. Simul ipsa precatur Oceanumque patrem rerum, Nymphasque sorores,
.
;

35

40

Centum qucE silvas, ccntum quae flumina scrvant. Ter liquido ardentem perfudit nectare Vestam, Ter flamma ad summum tecti subjecta rekixit. Omine quo firmans animum, sic incipit ipsa " Est in Carpathio Neptuni gurgite vates
Cajruleus Proteus,

45

magnum

qui piscibus a^quor

Et juncto bipedum curru metitur equorum. Hic nunc Emathiae portus patriamque revisit Pallenen hunc et Nymphae veneramur, et ipse Grandaevus Nereus novit namque omnia vates,
:
;

50

Qtiae sint, quae fuerint, quae

mox
est,

ventura trahantur
cujus

Qiiippe

ita

Neptuno visum

immania

Armenta Hic tibi,

et turpes pascit

sub gurgite phocas.

^^

nate, prius vincHs capiendus, ut

omnem

Nam

Expediat morbi caussam, eventusque secundet. sine vi non uUa dabit prcecepta, neque iflum

Orando

flectes

vim duram

et vincula cajoto

VIRGIL.

165
frangentur inanes.
gratior

Tende

doli circiim haec

te,

demum
jam

60

Ipsa ego

medios cum

sol accenderit sestus,

Cum
Se

sitiunt herbag, et pecori

umbra

est,

In secreta senis ducam, quo fessus ab undis

recipit, facile ut

somno aggrediare jacentem.

6^

Verum

ubi correptum manibus vincHsque tenebis,

Tum

varice eludent species atque ora ferarum.

Fiet enim subito sus horridus, atraque tigris,

Squamosusque draco, et fulva cervice lea^na Aut acrem flammie sonitum dabit, atquc ita vincHs
;

Excidct, aut in aquas tenues dihqosus abibit.

70

magis formas se vertet in omnes, Tanto, nate, magis contende tenacia vincla, Doncc talis erit mutato corpore, qualem Videris, incepto tegeret cimi hmiina somno.
ille

Sed quanto

H^c ait, et hquidum ambrosiae diffundit odorem, Qiio totum nati corpus perduxit at ilH Dulcis compositis spiravit crinibus aura,
;

75

Atque habihs membris venit

vigor.

Est specus ingens Exesi Latere in montis, quo phu-ima vento Cogitur, inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos, Deprensis ohm statio tutissima nautis
Intus se vasti Proteus tegit obice saxi.

80

Hic juvenem in latebris aversum a lumine Nympha Cohocat ipsa procul nebuhs obscura resistit.
;

8^

Jam

rapidus torrens sitientes Sirius Indos

Ardebat caelo, et medium sol igneus orbem Hauserat arebant herbas, et cava flumina siccis Faucibus ad hmum radii tepefacta coquebant
;

Cum
Ibat
;

Proteus consueta petens e fluctibus antra

90

eum

vasti

circum gens huniida ponti

Exsultans rorem late dispergit amarum. Sternunt se somno diversae in htore phocae
Ipse, velut stabuh custos in montibus

ohm,
95

Vesper ubi

e pastu vitulos ad tecta reducit,

l66

LATIN READER.

Aiiditisque lupos acuuiit balatibus agni,

Considit scopulo medius,

numerumque

recenset.

Cujus Aristaeo quoniam est oblata facultas, Vix defessa senem passus componere membra,

Cum

clamore ruit magno, manicisque jacentem

Ille suae

loo

Occupat.

contra non

immemor

artis

Omnia

transformat sese in miracula rerum,

Ignemque, horribilemque feram, fluviumque liquentem. Verum ubi nulla fugam reperit fallacia, victus In sese redit, atque hominis tandem ore locutus 105
"

Nam

quis

te,

Jussit adire

juvenum confidentissime, domos ? quidve hinc petis ? "

scis ipse
;

nostras
inquit.

At

ille
;

" Scis, Proteu,

neque

est te fallere

quicquam

Sed tu desine velle. Deum prajcepta secuti Venimus, hinc lassis quaesitum oracula rebus."

iio

Tantum

eftatus.

Ad

haec vates vi denique multa

Ardentes oculos
"

intorsit

himine glauco,
ora resolvit

Et graviter frendens

sic fatis

Non te nuUius exercent numinis irse. Magna luis commissa tibi has miserabiHs Orpheus
:

115

Haudquaquam ob meritum
Illa

pocnas, ni Fata resistant,

Suscitat, et rapta graviter pro conjuge saevit.

quidem,

dum

te fugeret

per flumina praeceps,

puella

Immanem

ante pedes
alta

hydrum moritura
non
vidit in herba.

Servantem ripas

120

At chorus aequahs Dryadum chimore supremos

Implerunt montes flerunt Rhodopeiae arces, Altaque Pangaea, et Rhesi Mavortia telhis, Atque Getse, atque Hebrus, et Actias Orithyia. " Ipse, cava solans aegrum testudine amorem, Te, dulcis conjux, te solo in htore secum,
;

125

Te

veniente die, te decedente canebat.

Taenarias etiam fauces, alta ostia Ditis,

Et caHgantem nigra formidine lucum

Ingressus, Manesque adiit, Regemque tremendum, Nesciaque humanis precibus mansuescere corda.

130

'

167

VIRGIL.
" At, cantu commotas, Erebi de sedibus imis ibant tenues, simulacraque luce carentum, Qiiam multa in foliis avium se milia condunt,

Umbr^

Vesper ubi aut hibernus agit de montibus imber, Matres atque viri, defunctaque corpora vita Magnanimum heroum, pueri, innuptaeque puellae,
Impositique rogis juvenes ante ora parentum Qiios circum limus niger et deformis arundo
Cocyti tardaque palus inamabilis unda
;

135

140
Leti

Alhgat, et novies Styx interfusa coercet.'

Qiiin ipsas stupuere

domus atque intima

tria

Tartara casruleosque implexas crinibus angues

Eumenides, tenuitque inhians

Cerberus ora,
145

Atque

Ixionii vento rota constitit orbis.

" Jamque

pedem

referens casus evaserat omnes,

Pone sequens,

Redditaque Eurydice superas veniebat ad auras, namque hanc dederatProserpina legem, Cum subita incautum dementia cepit amantem, Ignoscenda quidem, scirent si ignoscere Manes 150 Restitit, Eurydicenque suam, jam luce sub ipsa, Immemor, heu victusque animi, respexit. Ibi omnis

Effusus labor, atque immitis rupta tyranni

Foedera, terque fragor stagnis auditus Avernis.
Illa,
'

Qiiis et

me,

inquit,

miseram,

et te perdidit,

Orpheu ?

Qiiis tantus furor?

En

iterum crudelia retro

Fata vocant, conditque natantia lumina somnus. Jamque vale feror ingenti circumdata nocte, InvaHdasque tibi tendens, heu non tua, pahnas
:
!

fumus in auras Commixtus tenues, fugit diversa, neque illum, Prensantem nequiquam umbras et multa volentem
Dixit, et ex oculis subito, ceu

160

Dicere, praeterea vidit

AmpHus

nec portitor Orci objectam passus transire pahidem. "Quid faceret? quo se rapta bis conjuge ferret? Quo fletu Manes, qua Numina voce moveret ?
;

165

lUa quidem Stygia nabat jam frigida cymba.

l65

LATIN READER.
totos perhibent ex ordine

Septem illum

menses
170

Rupe

sub aeria deserti ad Strymonis

tigres et

undam

Flevisse, et gelidis haec evolvisse sub antris,

agentem carmine quercus QLiaHs populea masrens Philomela sub umbra Amissos queritur fetus, quos durus arator Observans nido imphimes detraxit at illa Flet noctcm, ramoque sedens miserabile carmen

Mulcentem

175

Integrat, et mjEstis late loca questibus implet.

''

Nulla Venus, non

ulli

animum

flexerc hymenaei

Solus Hyperboreas glacies Tanaimque nivalem

Arvaque Rhipasis numquara viduata pruinis Lustrabat, raptam Eurydicen atque irrita Ditis 180 Dona querens spretce Ciconum quo munere matres
;

orgia Bacchi Discerptum latos juvenem sparsere per agros. Tum quoque marmorea caput a cervice revulsum Gurgite cum medio portans Giagrius Hebrus Volveret, Murydicen ! vox ipsa et frigida hngua,
Inter sacra

deum nocturnique

185

miseram Eurydiceit ! anima fugiente vocabat Eurydicen ! toto referebant flumine ripae." Haec Proteus et se jactu dedit aequor in aUum, Qiiaque dedit, spumantem undam sub vertice torsit. 190 At non Cyrene namque ultro adfata timentcm "^ Xate, Hcet tristes animo dcponere curas Haec omnis morbi caussa hinc miserabile Nymphae,
: ;

Ak

Cum

quibus

illa

choros hicis agitabat in

altis,

Exitium misere apibus. Tu munera supplex Tende, petens pacem, et fociles venerare Napaeas Namque dabunt veniam votis, irasque remittent.
Sed,

195

modus orandi
nunc

qui

sit,

prius ordine dicam.

Qiiattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros,

Qiii tibi
viridis

depascunt

summa

Lycaei,

200

Deh'ge, et intacta totidem cervice juvencas.

Quattuor his aras

alta

ad delubra dearum

Constitue, et sacrum juguHs demitte cruorem,

VIRGIL.

169

Corporaque ipsa boum frondoso desere luco. nona suos Aurora ostenderit ortus, Inferias Orphei Lethaea papavera mittes, Et nigram mactabis ovem, lucumque revises Phicatam Eurydicen vitula venerabere caesa."
Post, ubi

205

Haud mora

continuo matris prascepta facessit

;

Ad

delubra venit

monstratas excitat aras;

210

Quattuor eximios pra^stanti corpore tauros

Ducit, et intacta totidem cervice juvencas.
Post, ubi
Inferias

nona suos Aurora induxerat ortus, Orphei mittit, lucumque revisit. Hic vero subitum ac dictu mirabile monstrum

215

Aspiciunt, liquefacta

boum

per viscera toto

Stridere apes utero et ruptis effei-vere costis,

Immensasque

trahi nubes,

jamque arbore summa

Confluere et lentis

uvam

demittere ramis.

2.

Tityrus,
I.]

[Eclogue

M. TiTYRE,

tu patulae recubans sub

tegmine fagi
;

Silvestrem tenui

Musam
;

meditaris avena

Nos patriae fines et dulcia linquimus arva Nos patriam fugimus tu Tityre, lentus in umbra, Formosam resonare doces Amaryllida silvas.
:

MeHbcee, deus nobis haec otia fecit Namque erit ille mihi semper deus illius aram Saepe tener nostris ab ovilibus imbuet agnus. Ille meas errare boves, ut cernis, et ipsum Ludere, quae vellem, calamo permisit agresti. M. Non equidem invideo miror magis undique Usque adeo turbatur agris. En, ipse capellas Protinus seger ago hanc etiam vix, Tityre, duco.
T.
;

10
totis

Hic

inter densas corylos

modo namque

gemellos,
reliquit.

Spem

gregis, ah

silice in

nuda connixa

15

;:

170
Stepe

LATIN READER.

malum hoc

nobis,

si

mens non
ilice

lceva fuisset,

De

CceIo tactas

memini

prsedicere quercus
cornix.

Sa3pe sinistra cava pr^edixit ab

Sed tamen, iste deus qui sit, da, Tityre, nobis. T. Urbem, quam dicunt Romam, Meliboee, putavi Stultus ego huic nostrai similem, quo saepe solemus Pastores ovium teneros depellere fetus.
Sic canibus catulos similes, sic matribus hasdos

20

Noram,

sic

parvis componere

magna solebam.
25

Verum

h^ec

tantum aHas

inter caput extuHt urbes,

Qiiantum lenta solent M. Et quffi tanta fuit

T.
Libertas
;

inter viburna cupressi.

Romam

tibi

caussa videndi

quE sera,

tamen respexit inertem,

30

Candidior postquam tondenti barba cadebat Respexit tamen, et longo post tempore venit,

Postquam nos AmaryHis

habet, Galatea reHquit.

Namque, Nec spes

fatebor enim,

dum me

Galatea tenebat,

Hbertatis erat, nec cura pecuH.

Qiiamvis multa meis exiret victima s^eptis, Pinguis et ingratae premeretur caseus urbi,

35

Non umquam gravis asre domum mihi dextra redibat. M. Mirabar, quid massta deos, AmaryUi, vocares, Cui pendere sua patereris in arbore poma
Tityrus hinc aberat.
Ipse
te fontes,

Ipsce te, Tityre, pinus,

ipsa haec arbusta vocabant.

40

Quidfacerem? neque servitio me exire Hcebat, Nec tam prsesentes aHbi cognoscere divos. Hic iUum vidi juvenem, MeHboee, quotannis
T.
Bis senos cui nostra dies altaria fumant.

Hic mihi responsum primus dedit iUe

" Pascite, ut ante, boves, pueri
;

petenti

45

submittite tauros."

M. Fortunate senex, ergo tua rura manebunt, Et tibi magna satis, quamvis lapis omnia nudus Limosoque pakis obducat pascua junco
!

Non

insueta graves temptabunt pabula fetas,

vicini pecoris contagia lasdent.

50

Nec mala

VIRGIL.
Fortunate senex, hic inter flumina nota

171

Et fontes sacros, frigus captabis opacum Hinc tibi, quae semper,vicino ab limite, saepes
Hyblaeis apibus florem depasta
salicti,

55

Saspe levi

somnum

suadebit inire susurro

Hinc

alta

sub rupe canet frondator ad auras

Nec tamen interea raucae, tua cura, palumbes, Nec gemere aeria cessabit turtur ab ulmo.
T. Ante leves ergo pascentur in ^ethere cervi,

60

Et

freta destituent

nudos

in Htore pisces,

amborum finibus, exsul Aut Ararim Parthus bibet, aut Germania Tigrim,
Ante, pererratis

Qiiam nostro

illius

labatur pectore vultus.

M. At

nos hinc ahi sitientes ibimus Afros,

et

6^

Pars Scythiam

rapidum Cretae veniemus Oaxen,

Et penitus
Pauperis

toto divisos orbe Britannos.

En umquam
Post aliquot,

patrios longo post tempore fines,

et tuguri

congestum

caespite

culmen,
70

mea regna
,?

videns, mirabor aristas.?

Impius haec tam culta novaHa miles habebit.? Barbarus has segetes en quo discordia cives Produxit miseros en, quis consevimus agros Insere nunc, MeHboee, piros, pone ordine vites
!

Ite meae,

feHx

quondam

pecus,

ite,

capeHae

75

Non

ego vos posthac,

viridi projectus in antro,

;

Dumosa pendere

procul de rupe videbo

;

Carmina nuUa canam

non,

me

pascente, capeHaj,

Florentem cytisum et salices carpetis amaras. T, Hic tamen hanc mecum poterasrequiescere noctem Fronde super viridi sunt nobis mitia poma, Castane^e moHes, et pressi copia lactis Et jam summa procul viHarum cuhnina fumant, Majoresque cadunt altis de montibus umbrae.
:
;

!;

172

LATIN READER.

3.

Pollio.

[Eclogue, IV.]

Non omnes

SiCELiDES Mus^, pauUo majora canamus arbusta juvant, humilesque myricaB Si canimus silvas, silvae sint Consule dignae. Ultima Cumaei venit jam carminis astas
integro SEeclorum nascitur ordo.

Magnus ab

Jam redit et Virgo, redeunt Saturnia regna Jam nova progenies caelo demittitur alto. Tu modo nascenti puero, quo ferrea primum
Desinet, ac toto surget gens aurea

Casta fave Lucina

tuus

mundo, jam regnat Apollo.

:

10

Teque adeo decus hoc aevi, te Consule, inibit, PolHo et incipient magni procedere menses Te duce, si qua manent sceleris vestigia nostri,
!

Irrita
Ille

perpetua solvent formidine

terras.

deum vitam

accipiet divosque videbit

et ipse videbitur
illis,

15

Permixtos heroas

Pacatumque reget patriis virtutibus orbem. At tibi prima, puer, nullo munuscula cultu
Errantes hederas passim

cum bacchare

Tellus,

Mixtaque
Ipsae lacte

ridenti colocasia fundet acantho.

20

domum

referent distenta capellae

Ubera, nec magnos metuent armenta leones. Ipsa tibi blandos fundent cunabula flores.
Occidet
Occidet
et serpens, et fallax
;

herba veneni
25

Assyrium vulgo nascetur amomum. At simul heroum laudes et facta parentis

legere, et que sit poteris cognoscere virtus,

Jam

Molli paullatim flavescet campus arista,

Incultisque rubens pendebit sentibus uva,

Et durse quercus sudabunt roscida mella. Pauca tamen suberunt priscae vestigia fraudis,

30

VIRGIL.
Qiise temptare

173
muris

Thetim

ratibus, quaB cingere

Oppida, quae jubeant

Alter
erit

telluri infindere sulcos.

tum Tiphys,
;

Delectos heroas

et altera quae vehat erunt etiam altera bella,

Argo
-25

Atque iterum ad Trojam magnus mittetur Achilles. Hinc, ubi jam firmata virum te fecerit astas,
Cedet et ipse mari vector, nec nautica pinus Mutabit merces omnis feret omnia telhis. Non rastros patietur humus, non vinea falcem Robustus quoque jam tauris juga solvet arator
:

40

Nec

varios discet mentiri lana colores

Ipse sed in pratis aries

jam suave

rubenti
;

Murice, jam croceo mutabit vellera luto Sponte sua sandyx pascentes vestiet agnos.

45

Talia scecla^ suis dixerunt, ctirritel fusis Concordes stabiH fatorum numine Parcae.

Aggredere O magnos aderit jam tempus honores, Cara deum suboles, magnum Jovis incrementum Adspice convexo nutantem pondere mundum, 50 Terrasque tractusque maris ca^hunque profundum Adspice, venturo laetantur ut omnia saeclo O mihi tam long^e maneat jDars uUima vitiE,
!

Spiritus

et,

quantum

sat erit tua dicere facta

Non me
Nec

carminibus vincet nec Thracius Orpheus,

<^^

Linus, huic mater quamvis atque huic pater adsit,

Orphei CalHopea, Lino formosus Apollo.

Pan etiam Arcadia mecum si judice certet, Pan etiam, Arcadia dicat se judice victum. Incipe, pai-ve puer, risu cognoscere matrem Matri longa decem tulerunt fastidia menses Incipe, parve puer cui non risere parentes, Nec deus hunc mensa, dea nec dignata cubih est.
;
:

60

VIII.

PLAUTUS.
Mercury
in Disguise.
I.

[Amphitruo, Act

Scene

i.]

SosiA, servant of Amphitruo ;

Mercury,

disguised as Sosia.

S.

Ibo, ut, herus

quod imperavit, Alcumenje nuntiem.

Set quis hic est hom6,

quem

ante cedis video hoc noctis?

n6n
Af.

placet.

NLillu'st

hoc meticulosus asque.

IUic

homo hoc meum denuo volt pallium detexere. S. Perii M. Timet homo deludam ego illum.
: !

S.

Quom rec6gito,
dentes

pruriunt.

Certe advenientem hic

me

Credo miseric6rs
herus

est:

hospitio pugneo acceptiirus est. nunc propterea quod me meus

Fecit ut vigilarem, hic pugnis facict hodie ut d6rmiam.

Oppido
est!

interii

6bsecro hercle quantus et

quam

validus

Af.

Clare advorsum fabulabor

Hic

auscultet quae loquar.

Igitur

demum
:

miigis

majorem

in sese concipiet

mctum.

Agite, pugni

n6n datis Jiim pridem videtur factum, heri quod homines quattuor S. Formid6 male In soporem c6nlocastis niidos.

jam

diu'st

quom

ventri victum

Ne

ego hic nomen

S6sia.

meum conmutem,

ct Qiu'nctus

fiam e

Qiuittuor vir6s sopori se dedisse hic aiitumat

Metuo ne numerum aiigeam jam ergo sic volo.

:

illum.

Af.

Hem

niinc

S.

Cingitur,
Viipulet.

certe

expedit

se.

Af.

N6n

feret

quin

S.

Qiu's
rit,

homo ?

M.
edet.

Qiiisquis

homo

hiic profecto vene-

pugn6s

PLAUTUS.
S.

175
:

Apage, non placet me hoc

noctis esse
si

cenavi

modo
Perii

Pr6in tu istam cendm largire,

Jil.

sapis, essurientibus.

Hau malum
Qin'd,
si

huic est p6ndus pugno.

S.

pugnos p6nderat.
J\f.

ego illum tractim tangam ut d6rmiat?

tris

S.

Servaveris
noctis pervigilavi p6ssume.

Nam
J\f.

continuas has
:

Facimus nequit ferire malam male discit manus. AHa forma op6rtet esse quem tu pugnis iceris.
S.
J\.

lUic

homo me
ni hic

interpolabit,

Exossatum os

esse oportet,

meumque os quem probe

finget denuo.

percusseris.

S.

Mirum
Olet

me

quasi muraenam exossare c6gitat.

Ultro istunc qui ex6ssat homines.

AI.

homo quidam malo

6bohii
?

suo.

S.
:

Perii,

si

me

aspexerit.

Hef mihi, num-

nam ego
Af.
iibfuit.

Atque hau longe abesse oportet

IlHc

verum longe hinc

S.
S.

Si in

homo superstitiosu'st. me exercituru's, quieso

ad auris ddvolavit.

J\f.

Gestiunt pugni mihi.

in

parietem ut

primum
infe-

domes.
Af.

V6x mi
h'x fui,

S.

Na) ego

homo

Qiif
J\f.

non
lUic

alas interveUi

v61ucrem vocem

gestito.

S.

me sibi malam rem arcessit jument6 suo. N6n equidem uUum habe6 jumentum. Af. Onerhomo
a

andu'st pugnis probe.

S.

Ldssus

sum

hercle e ndvi, ut vectus huc

:

sum

etiam

nunc nauseo

Vix incedo
3f.

indnis

ne

ire

p6sse

cum

onere existumes.

Certe enim hic nescfo quis loquitur.

S.

Sdlvos

sum, non me videt. Nescio quem loqui autumat mihi certo nomen S6sia est. M. Hinc enim dextra mihi vox auris, ut videtur, ver:

berat.

S.

Metuo

vocis ne vicem hodie hic vdpulem, qu^e

hunc

verberat.

176

LATIN READER.
incedit ad

M, Optume eccum
t6rpeo.

me.

S.

Timeo

totus

N6n
Ilicet

edepol nunc

libi

terrarum sim

scio, si quis roget

Neque miser me c6nmovere p6ssum

:

pras formidine.

una et S6sia. Verum certum'st c6nfidenter hunc hominem contra ddloheri perierunt,
qui,

mandata

Qui possim

videri huic fortis, d

tu,

me

ut abstineat
in

manum.

M.
S.

Qlio ambulas
geris
.'*

qui

Volcanum

c6rnu conchisiim

QiiM

id exquiris

tii,

qui pugnis 6s exossas h6minibus

M.

Servosne es an h'ber ?
lubitum'st meo.
tu vero

S.

Utquomque animo

con-

M. Ain

M.
M.
S.

? S. Aio enimvero. AI. Verbero. Mentire nunc. At jam faciam ut verum dicas dfcere. S. Quid e6'st opus ? P6ssum scire quo profectus, qu6ius sis, aut quid

S.

veneris

?
:

Huc

eo
?

mei heri sum servos.

istam hodie scelestam
:

Numquid nunc

es

certior

M. Ego

S.

tibi

c6nprimam Hnguam.
P^rgin' argutarier ?
?

Haii potes

Bene pudiceque adservatur. Quid aput hasce aedis tibi

tibi'st?

M.

neg6ti'st

S.

Immo

qufd

vigiles nocturnos singulos semp^r locat. Bene facit: quia n6s eramus peregri, tutatu'st domi At nunc abi sane, advenisse famiharis dicito.

M. Rex Creo
S.

M.

Nescio
abis,

quam

tu famiharis sis

nisi

actutum hinc

FamiHaris accipiere faxo hau famiHdriter. S. Hic, inquam, habito ego, atque horunc sum servos.

M. At

scin

qu6modo ?
te

Fdciam ego hodie

superbum,

ni hfnc abis.

S.

Quo-

ndm modo?

177

PLAUTUS.

M.
S.

Auferere, non aoibis,

Qiiin

si

ego fustem siimpsero.

vis, nisi

me
sis,

esse hujus familiai' familiarem predico.

M. Vide
abis S.
Tiin'

quam mox

vapulare

actutum hinc

domo
}

prohibere peregre

me

advenientem p6-

stulas

M.
S.

Hseccine tua domii'st?

herus est
igitiir tibi

S.

Ita,

inquam.

M.

Quis

Quicum
S.

Amphitruo, qui niinc Thebanis praefectu'st legi6nibus nupta'st Alcumena. M. Quid ais ? quid nomen
;

tibi'st ?

S6siam vocant Thebani, Davo prognatiim patre. M. Nae tu istic hodie malo tuo c6npositis mendaciis
Advenisti, audaciai' c6huTien, consutis dohs.
S.

Immo equidem
dohs.

tunicis

consutis

hiic

advenio,

n6n

M. At
^S*.

mentiris etiam

Ita profecto.

M.

certo pedibus,

non

tunicis venis.

Niinc profecto vdpula ob menda-

cium.
6".

N6n

edepol vol6 profecto.

M.

At

p61 profecto in-

gratiis.

H6c quidem
S.

profecto certum'st, n6n est arbitrarium.

!

Tiiam fidem obsecr6

esse dicere,

S. Perii At parum etiam, preeut S. Tiius nam pugnis QLi6ius nunc tuum. Pr6 fidem, Thebani cives AI. Etiam clamas, carnufex L6quei-e, quid venisti? S. Ut pugnis quem
Qui ego sum ?
!

M. Af.
:

Tun'

te

audes S6siam

futurum'st, prcedicas.
es
?

lisu fecisti

esset,

tu

ctederes.

Qu6ius es? S. Amphitru6nis, inquam, S6sia. M. Ergo ist6c magis, Quia vaniloquu's, vapulabis 6go sum, non tu, S6sia.
Af.
:

S.

Ita di faciant,

lit

tu potius

sis,

atque ego
tacebo.

te ut

verberem.
tibi

M. Etiam
heru'st
?

muttis?

S.

S.

Jam
tii

M. Qins

Quem

voles.

12

178

LATIN READER.
Qiiid
igitur ?
jiisseris.

M,

qui

niinc

vocare

S.

N^mo

nisi

quem

M. Amphitruonis

te

esse

aiebas

S6siam.

S.

Pecca-

veram Nam illut Amphitruonis socium me ^sse volui dicere. M. Scfbam equidem nullum esse nobis, nisi me, servom
S6siam.
Fugit ratio
6".

te.

S.
Sosia

Utinam
ille,

istuc

pugni fecissent

tui

M. Ego sum

quem tu diidum esse aiebas mihi. Obsecro ut per pacem liceat te ddloqui, ut ne vapulem.
loqui.
pliis vales.

M. Immo indutise parumper fiant, si quid vis S. N6n loquar nisi pace facta, quando pugnis
AI.

M.
Quid,
siet.

Dic, siquid vis

n6n nocebo.

S.

Tiiie fide

cred6?

Meae.
si

S.

falles?

M.
:

Tiim Mercurius

S6siae iratiis

S. Animum advorte niinc licet mi Amphitruonis ^go sum servos S6sia.

S.

S.

Pacem feci, foedus feci, vera dico. Ut lubet, quod tibi lubet fac, quoniam pugnis
vales.
litut facturu's,

M. Etiam denuo M. Vapula.

h'bere quidvis loqui.

?

plus

Verum,

hoc quidem hercle haud reticeb6

tamen.

M.
S.

Tii

me vivos
:

h6die

numquam
alienabis

Certe edepol, tu

me

facies, quin sim S6sia. niimquam, quin noster

siem

Nec

nobis praeter
vitium, id
!

me

quisquam'st aHus servos S6sia.

est.

M. Hic homo sanus n6n

tibi'st.

S.

Quod mihi pr^dicas

Qufd, malum non siim ego servos Amphitruonis S6sia ? N6nne hac noctu n6stra navis hiic ex portu Persico Venit, quas me advexit ? nonne me hiic herus misit meus ? N6nne ego nunc sto ante asdis nostras? n6n mist laterna in manu? N6n loquor ? non vigilo ? non hic h6mo me pugnis c6ntudit?

;:

PLAUTUS.
Fecit hercle
;

179

nam mi
diibito

Quid

igitur

ego

misero etiam nunc malae dolent. ? aut quor non intro eo in nostram

M.

domum ? Quid, domum

Quin
ementitu's
:

vostram ?

S.

Ita

enimvero.

M,

quae dixisti

Omnia

modo, equidem sum Amphitruonis

S6sia.

Nam

noctu hac soluta'st navis n6stra e portu Persico

Et ubi Pterela rex regnavit, 6ppidum expugnavimus Et legiones Teleboarum vi pugnando cepimus, Et ipsus Amphitruo 6btruncavit regem Pterelam in proeho. S. Egomet mihi non credo, quom illaec autumare illum
audio
:

Hic quidem

certe,

quae

fllo

sunt res gestas,

memorat

memoriter.
Set quid ais ? quid Amphitruoni d6no a Telebois datum'st?

M.
S.

Pterela rex qui p6titare s61itus

Elocutu'st.
cistula

est,

patera aurea.

Ubi ea patera

niinc est?

M.

Est in

Amphitruonis 6bsignata signo.

S.
Jam

Signi dfc quid est?

captas, car-

M. Cum
S.

quadrigis S61 exoriens.

aliud

Quid me

nufex ?

Argumentis

vfcit

n6men querendum'st

mihi.

Nescio unde haec hic spectavit. probe

ego hunc decipiam

alius adfuit,

Nam

quod egomet

s61us feci, nec

quisquam

In tabernaclo, id quidem hodie

numquam

poterit dicere.

Si tu Sosia's, legiones qu6m pugnabant maxume, Quid in tabernacl6 fecisti? victus sum, si dixeris. S. IngresM. Cadus erat vini inde implevi hirneam.

su'st

viam.

M. Eam
S.

ego

vini, ut

matre natum

fiierat,

eduxf meri.

Mira
Qiiid

sunt, nisi Idtuit intus fllic in illac hirnea

illut,

Factum'st

M.

ut ego illic vini hirneam ebiberim meri. nunc vincone argumentis, te non esse S6siam ? S. Tu negas med esse? M. Quid ego ni negem, qui egomet siem ?
?

l8o
S.
J\f.

LATIN READER.
Per Jovem jur6 med esse neque me falsum dicere. At ego per Mercurium juro, tibi Jovem noii credere
:

Nam
S.

injurato scio plus credet mihi,

Quis ego sum saltem, si Ubi ego Sosia esse nolim, tu esto sane S6sia. Nunc quando ego sum, vapulabis, ni hinc abis, ign6bilis.
Af.

quam jurat6 tibi. non sum S6sia ? te interrogo.

S.

Certe edepol,

quom

illiim

contemplo,

et

f6rmam

co-

gnosc6 meam,

Quemadmodum
Itidem

ego sum (seepe in speculum inspexi)

nimis simih"st mei.

habet petasum, ac vestitum

tam consimih'st

atque ego.
Siira, pes, statura, tonsus,

6cuH, nasum, vel labra,

Malae,
Si

mentum, barba,
cogito,
:

colhis
nihil

t6tus
:

quid verbis opu'st?

simih'us.
fui.

tergum cicatricosum,

hoc simih'st

Set

quom
ego

equidem

certo

idem sum qui semper

sane sapio et sentio.

N6vi herum

novi ^dis nostras

N6n
jM.

ilh

obtempero quod 16quitur

?

Qu6

agis te

S.

Domiim.

pultab6

foris.
sf

J\I.

Qiiadrigas

nunc

inscendas Jovis,

Atque hinc
S.
Af.

fugias, ita vix poteris ecfugere infortunium.

N6n

herae meae nuntiare,

si

Tuae

quid vis niintiare

inritassis,
:

qu6d herus meus jussit, licet? hanc n6stram adire n6n

:

sinam.

Nam
S.

si

me

hodie lumbifragium hinc

aiiferes.
!

Abeo

potius
perii?
?

Di inmortales, 6bsecro vostnim fidem

ubi inmutatus

Ubi cgo

sum?

libi

ego formam

perdidi

egomet me illic reliqui, si forte oblitiis fui? Nam hic quidem omnem imaginem meam, quas antehac
fuerat, p6ssidet.

An

Vivo

fit,

quod niimquam quisquam m6rtuo

faciet mihi.

Ibo ad portum, atque haec uti sunt fiicta, hero dicam meo. Nisi etiam is quoque me ignorabit qu6d ille faxit Jiip;

piter,

Uti ego hodie, raso capite, calvos capiam pfleum.

: ::

IX.

TERENCE.
The Self-Tormentor.
[Heaut., Act
I.

Scene

I.]

Menedemus,

the

Self-Tormentor ; Chremes, an elderly Friend.

Qiianquam hasc inter nos nuper notitia ad modum'st, Inde adeo quod agrum in pr6ximo hic mercatus es, Nec ref fere sane ampHus quicquam fuit

Tamen vel virtus tiia me, vel vicinitas, Quod ego in propinqua parte amicitise puto, Facit, ut te audacter m6neam et famiHariter Quod mfhi videre praeter aetatem tuam Facere, et prater quam res te adhortatur tua. Nam, pr6h Deum atque hominiim fidem quid
!

vis tibi?

Qiiid quasris

annos sexaginta natus

:

es,

Aut pkis, ut conjicio agrum in his regi6nibus MeH6rem, neque preti majoris, nemo habet Serv6s non pkn-es proinde quasi nem6 siet,
:

Ita tiite attente

iH6rum

officia fungere.

Numquam tam mane

egredior, neque

tam vesperi

Domum
Fodere,

revortor, quin te in fundo c6nspicer

aiit

arare, aut

NuHiim

remittis tempus,

aHquid ferre denique neque te respicis.

:

Haec n6n voluptati tibi esse, satis cert6 scio At enim, me, quantum hic 6peris fiat, poenitet. Qiiod in 6pere faciundo 6pere consumis tuae,
Si siimas in iHis exercendis, pkis agas. M. Chreme, tantumne ab re tua est oti
tibi,

AHena

ut cures, ea quae nihil

ad

te attincnt ?

l82
:

LATIN READER.

C. Hom6 sum humani nihil a me alienum puto. Vel me monere hoc, vel percontari puta Rectum'st? ego ut faciam n6n est? te ut deterream. j\I. Mihi sic est usus tibi ut opu'st facto, face.
:

C.

An

quoiquam

est usus

h6mini, se ut cruciet?

Af.

Mihi.
C.

Si quid laboris n611em

sed quid istuc mali est?

?

QLiaes6 quid de te

tantum meruisti
istuc,

jVI.

Oiei'
est, fac

C.

Ne

lacruma, atque

quicquid

me

lit

sciam.

Ne
M. M.

retice

ne ver6re

crede, inquam, mihi,

re, jiivero.

C. Hac quidem qua Dicetur. C. At rastros interea tamen App6ne, ne lab6ra. M. Minime. C. Qudm rem agis M. Sine me, vacivom tempus ne quod dem mihi Lab6ris. C. Non sinam, inquam. M. Ah, non a2qu6m C. Hui, tam graves hos, quaeso? M. Sic meritiim'st meum. C. Nunc 16quere. M. Filium unicum adulescentulum Habeo ah, quid dixi? habere me? immo habui, Chreme Nunc habeam necne, incertum'st. C. Quid
Scire h6c vis
?

Aut

c6nsolando, aut c6nsilio, aut

caiisa,

dixf tibi.

istos

facis.

ita istiic ?

M.

Scies.

Est e Corintho hic advena anus paup^rcula

ille amare coepit virginem, Prope jam lit pro uxore hab^ret haec clam Ubi rem rescivi, coepi non humdnitus,

Ejus filiam

me

6mnia.

Neque

ut
;

animum
sed

decuit aegrotum adulescentuli

via pervolgata patrum.
:

Tractare

vi, et

Quotidie accusabam
Licere speras facere,

"

Hem
jam

tibine hasc diutius

me me

viv6 patre,
in uxoris loco
?

Amicam
Erras,
si

ut habeas pr6pe
id credis, et

ignoras, Clinia.
volo,

Ego te meum esse dici tantisper Dum, qu6d te dignum'st, facies

sed

si

id

n6n

facis.

: : :

183

TERENCE.
Ego, qu6d me Nulla adeo ex
in te sit facere re istuc
fit,

nisi

dignum, invenero. nimio ex 6tio

;

Ego
Sed

istuc aetatis

in

Simiil

n6n amori operam dabam Asiam hinc abii pr6pter pauperiem, atque rem et gloriam armis belli repperi.'*
:

ibi

Postremo adeo res rediit adulescentulus Sajpe eadem, et graviter aiidiendo, victus
Putavit

est:

me

et aetate et benivolentia

Plus
In

scire, et providere,

quam

seipsiim

sibi.

Asiam ad regem militatum abiit, Chreme. M, Clam me est profectus menses C. Qiiid ais ?

tris

abest.

-^. Ambo dccusandi etsi illud inceptiim tamen Animi est pudentis signum, et non instrenui.
:

Af.

Ubi c6mperi ex

iis,

qui fuere

ei c6nscii,

Domiim
Adsfdo
Inde
:

revortor maestus, atque

anim6

fere

Conturbato, atque incerto praj asgritudine

adcurrunt servi

soccos detrahunt

alii festinare,

lectos sternere,

Cenam

apparare

pr6 se quisque sedulo

Faciebant, quo illam mi lenirent miseriam.

Ubi video
AnciUae

hsec, ccepi c6gitare

Soh'us solHciti sint causa, ut

hem t6t mea me unum expleant.^

:
!

tot me vestiant? sumptus domi Tant6s ego solus faciam ? sed gnatum linicum, Qiiem pariter uti his decuit, aut etiam ampHus

Qiiod

illa setas

magis ad hsec utenda id6nea

ejeci

est

miserum injustitia mea Mal6 quidem me dignum quovis deputem,

ego hinc

Eum

Nam usque dum ille vitam illam colet Si id faciam. Inopem, carens patria 6b meas injiirias, Interea usque ilU de me supphciiim dabo,
Lab6rans, quaerens, parcens,
Ita facio prorsus
:

iUi serviens.

rehnquo in asdibus, Nec vas, nec vestimentum conrasi 6mnia. AnciUas, servos, nisi eos, qui opere riistico
nil
:

184
Faciiindo facile

LATIN READER.

sumptum
:

exercerent suum,
:

Omnes
Coegi
:

produxi ac vendidi

inscripsi iUico

yEdes mercede

quasi talenta ad quindecim

:

hic me me minus injiiriai, Chreme, meo gnato facere, dum fiam miser Nec fas esse ulla me voluptate hic frui,

agrum hunc mercatus sum

exerceo.

Decrevi, tantisper

Nisi ubi
C.

ille

huc salvus

redierit

meus

particeps.

Ingenio

te esse in h'beros leni puto,

Et illum 6bsequentem, sf quis recte aut c6mmode Tractaret. Verum nequc iUum tu satis n6veras, Nec te ille hoc ubi fit, ibi non vcre vivitur.
:

Tu

illiim

numquam

ostendisti quanti penderes,

Nec tibi ille'st credere aiisus quae est iequ6m patri. Quod si ^sset factum, hcec niimquam evenissent tibi.
Af.
Ita res est, fateor
:

peccatum a

me maxumum'st.
:

Menedeme, at porro recte spero et illiim tibi Salvum adfuturum esse hic coniido pr6pediem. C. Facient. Nunc, si c6m]\I. Utinam ita Di faxint. modum,
C.

Dionysia hic sunt, h6die apud

]\I.

Non

p6ssum.

C.

me

sis

volo.

Cur non?
te

quaiso,

tandem

ali-

qiiantulum
Tibi parce
Af.
:

idem absens facere

hoc volt

filius.

Non c6nvenit, qui Nunc meipsum fugere.

Af.
Sic.

illum ad laborem impellerim,

C.
me

Bene
ejus
:

vale.

C.

Siccine est sententia?

]\f.

Et

tu.

C.

Lacrumas

excussit mihi,

Miseretque

s6d, ut diei

tempus

est,

Monere oportet me hiinc vicinum Phaniam, Ad cenum ut veniat ibo, visam si domi est. Nihil 6pus fuit monit6re jamdudiim domi
:

'

Praesto apiid

me

esse aiunt

egomet convivas moror.

X.

CICERO.

I.

Cicerd^s Exile

and Return.

Peridem tempus, P.
tus,

Clodius,

homo

nobilis, diser-

audax, qui neque dicendi neque faciendi ullum

nisi quem vellet nosset modum, malorum propositorum executor acerrimus, cum graves inimicitias cum M. Cicerone exerceret, (quid enim inter tam dissimiles amicum esse poterat?) et a patribus ad

plebem
civem
et

transisset,

legem

in tribunatu tulit

^i
aqud

Romanum indemnatum

interemisset, ei

Cujus verbis etsi non nominabatur Cicero, tamen solus petebatur ita vir optime meritus de Republica conservatas patriag pretium,
:

igni interdiceretur.

calamitatem

exilii tulit.

Non

caruerunt suspiciones
:

Pompeius hoc sibi contraxisse videbatur Cicero, quod inter xx viros dividendo agro Campano esse noluisset. Idem intra biennium, sera Pompeii cura, verum, ut coepit, inoppressi Ciceronis Cagsar et
tenta, votisque Italiag,

ac decretis Senatus, virtute atque actione Annii Milonis, tribuni plebis, dignitati
:

patrigeque restitutus est

neque, post Numidici excujus domus,

ilium aut reditum, quisquam aut expulsus invidiosius,

aut receptus est leetius

quam

infeste

a Clodio disjecta erat, tam speciose a Senatu restituta est.

Vell. Paterc.

h. r.

ii. 45.

i86

LATIN READER.
Cicero to his Wife

I.

and Children,

[Anril 30, b.c. 58.]

terea quod,

Ego minus saepe do ad vos litteras quam possum, propcum omnia mihi tempora sunt misera, tum
non possim.
!

vero, ciim aut scribo ad vos, aut vestras lego, conficior

lacrimis sic ut ferre

vitas

Qiiod utinam minus

cupidi fuissemus

certe nihil, aut

non multum,

in

vita mali vidissemus.

Qiiod

si

nos ad

ahquam ahcujus
fixa sunt,

commodi aliquando recuperandi spem

minus
vero
te

fortuna reservavit,

est

erratum a nobis

sin haic
vita,

mala

ego

quam primum, mea

;

cupio videre, et in tuo

complexu emori quoniam neque Dii, quos tu castissime coluisti, neque homines, quibus ego servivi, nobis gratiam
retulerunt.

M. La^nium Flaccum dies xiii optimum, qui pericuknn fortunarum et capitis sui pr2e mea salute neglexit, nequc legis improbissimai poena deductus est, quominus hospitii et amicitiae Huic utinam ahquando grajus officiumque praestaret. Habebimus quidem semper. tiam referre possimus Brundisio profecti sumas prid. Kalendas Maias. Per Macedoniam Cyzicum petebamus. O me perditum O afflictum quid nunc rogem te, ut venias, muherem egram, et corpore et animo confectam ? Non rogem.f*
Nos
Brundisii apud

fuimus,

virum

Sine

te igitur

sim

Opinor,

sic

agam
;

si

est spes nostri

reditus,

eam

confirmes et rem adjuves

est,

sin, ut

ego metuo,
fac venias.

transactum

quoquo modo
;

potes, ad

me

Unum

hoc

scito

si

te

habebo, non mihi videbor plane

perisse.

deest consihum.

Sed quid Tulhola mea fiet? Jam id vos videte mihi Sed certe, quoquo modo sc res habebit, ihius mIseUe et matrimonio et famae serviendum est. QLiid? Cicero meus quid aget? Iste vero sit in sinu semper et complexu meo. Non queo plura jam scribere impedit maeror. Tu quid egeris, nescio, utrum ahquid
;

CICERO.
teneas, an
scribis,

187
Pisonem, ut

(quod metuo) plane

sis spoliata.

spero fore semper nostrum.

De
esset

miim,
terea
est,

quod te moveat. Pripromissum est, te facturam esse, ut quisque meritus. Est autem in officio adhuc Orpheus, praemagnopere nemo. Ceterorum servorum ea causa
familia liberata, nihil est
tuis ita
si

ut,

res

nobis abisset, liberti nostri essent,

;

si

obtinere potuissent

sin

ad nos pertineret,

servirent, prse-

terquam oppido pauci. Sed haec minora sunt. Tu quod me hortaris, ut animo sim magno, et spem habeam recuperandae salutis, id velim sit ejusmodi, ut recte sperare possimus. Nunc, miser, quando tuas jam htteras accipiam? quis ad me perferet? quas ego exspectassem Brundisii, si esset hcitum per nautas, qui tempestatem prsetermittere noluerunt.

Qiiod rehquum
honestissime.

est,

sustenta

te,

mea

Terentia, ut potes

Viximus, floruimus.
afflixit.

Non vitium
est

nostrum,
nisi

sed virtus nostra nos

Peccatum

nullum,

quod non una animam cum ornamentis amisimus.

si

Sed

hoc

fuit

hberis nostris gratius, nos

vivere,

cetera,

quamquam
te

fcrenda non sunt, feramus.

Atque ego, qui

confirmo, ipse me non possum. Clodium Philhetasrum, quod valetudine oculorum impe-

diebatur,
vincit

hominem
tui

fidelem, remisi.
est

SaUustius
:

officio

omnes.
fore
;

Pescennius
fore

perbenevohis nobis

quem

semper spero

observantem.

Sicca dixerat se

mecum

sed Brundisio dicessit.

Cura, quoad potes,

et sic existimes, me vehementiiis tua miseria, quam mea, commoveri. Mea Terentia, fidissima atque optima uxor et mea carissima fihola et spes reliqua

ut valeas

nostra, Cicero

valete.
:

Prid. Kal. Maias

Brundisio.

i88

LATIN READER.

2.

To

his hrother ^uintus.

[June 13
]

Mi frater, mi frater, mi frater, tune id veritus es, ne ego iracundia aliqua adductus pueros ad te sine litteris miserim? aut etiam ne te videre noluerim? Ego tibi
irascerer? tibi ego possim irasci? Scilicet, tu
afflixisti
;

tui

me

inimici, tua

me

invidia, ac

enim me non ego te

te,

misere perdidi.
praeter

Meus

ille

laudatus consulatus mihi

liberos, patriam, fortunas, tibi

unum me.

velim ne quid eripuerit, Sed certe a te mihi omnia semper

;

honesta et jucunda ceciderunt

calamitatis,

me

tibi

luctus

meae

metus tuae, desiderium, maeror^ solitudo. Ego te videre noluerim ? Immo vero me a te videri nokii non enim vidisses fratrem tuum non cum quam reliqueras non cum quam noras non eum, quem flens flentem, prosequentem proficiscens dimiseras ne vestigium quidem ejus, nec simulacrum, sed quandam eftigiem spir;
;

antis mortui.

Atque utinam me mortuum prius vidisses, aut audisses te non solumvitas, sed etiam dignitatis meae superstitem reliquissem Sed testor omnes deos, me hac una voce a morte esse revocatum, quod omnes in mea vita partem aliquam tua vitae repositam esse dicebant. Qiiare peccavi scelerateque feci. Nam si occidissem, mors ipsa
!

utinam

meam pietatem amoremque in te facile defenderet. Nunc commisi, ut me vivo careres, vivo me aliis indigeres mea vox in domesticis periculis potissimum occideret, quae
;

saepe alienissimis praesidio fuisset.*

Nam quod ad te pueri sine litteris venerunt, quoniam vides non fuisse iracundiam in causa, certe pigritia fuit, et quaedam infinita vis lacrimarum et dolorum. Haec ipsa me quo fletu putas scripsisse? Eodem, quo An. ego possum aut non cogitare te legere certo scio.
* Ipsum enim Catilinam, consulatCis competitorem et adversarium, defendere cosritaverat Cicero. Vid. Ad Atticum^ I. 2.

CICERO.
aliquando de
te,

189
sine

aut

umquam

lacrimis

cogitare?

Ciim enim
parentem.

te

desidero, fratrem solum desidero?

Ego

vero suavitate prope aequalem, obsequio filium, consilio

Qiiid mihi sine te
fuit?

umquam,

aut

tibi

sine

me

quod eodem tempore desidero filiam? qua pietate, qua modestia, quo ingenio effigiem Quid filium venustissimum, oris, sermonis, animi mei? mihique dulcissimum ? quem ego ferus ac ferreus e complexu dimisi meo, sapientiorem puerum quam vellem Qiiid vero sentiebat enim miser jam, quid ageretur. tuum filium, imaginem tuam, quem meus Cicero et amabat ut fratrem, et jam, ut majorem fratrem, verebatur? Qtnd quod mulierem miserrimam, fidelissimam conjugem, me prosequi non sum passus, ut esset quae reliquias commu-

jucundum

Qjrnd,

nis calamitatis,

communes

liberos tueretur?

Sed tamen, quoquo modo

ad
te

potui, scripsi, etdedi litteras

tibi

Philogono, liberto tuo, quas credo

;

postea red-

ditas esse
tibi

in

quibus idem

te

hortor et rogo,

quod pueri
qui

verbis meis nuntiarunt, ut

Romam

protinus pergas et
esset nostra

properes.

Primijm enim

te prassidio esse vohii, si

essent inimici,

quorum crudehtas nondum

Deinde congressus
scribis,
;

calamitate satiata.

nostri

lamenta;

tionem pertimui

digressum vero non tuHssem

atque

metuebam, ne a me distrahi non posses. His de causis hoc maximum malum, quod te non vidi, quo nihil amantissimis et conjunctisetiam id ipsum, quod tu
simis
fratribus

acerbius

ac

miserius

videtur

accidere

potuisse,

minus acerbum, minus miserum

fuit,

quam
vide-

fuisset ci^mi congressio,

bar,

Nunc, si potes, id non possum, erige

erit.

tum vero digressio nostra. quod ego, qui tibi semper fortis
te et
si

confirma,

si

qua subeunda

dimicatio

Spero,

quid

tatis, tibi et

integritatem

tuam

et

mea spes habet auctoriamorem in te civitatis,

pra^sidii laturam.
si

et aliquid

etiam misericordiam nostri

isto periculo

Sin

eris

ab

vacuus

ages sciHcet,
scribunt ad

quid agi

posse de nobis putabis.

De quo

me quidem

190

LATIN READER.
;

multi multa, et se sperare demonstrant

sed ego, quid

valeant,

sperem, non dispicio,

qui in

cum

inimici

plurimum

amici partim deseruerint me, partim etiam prodiderint,

meo
ista

reditu fortasse reprehensionem sui

sceleris

pertimescant.

Sed
clares.

qualia

sint, tu

velim perspicias mihique detibi

Ego tamen, quamdiu

opus

erit,

si

quid
vita

periculi

esse

subeundum videbis, vivam. Diutids in hac non possum. Neque enim tantum virium habet

ulla

dolorem possit Scio fuisse et honestius moriendi tempus et sustinere. utihus sed non hoc sohnn, multa aha prsetermisi, quae si queri vehm praeterita, nihil agam, nisi ut augeam dolorem tuum, indicem stultitiam meam. Ihud quidem nec facien;

aut prudentia aut doctrina, ut tantum

dum

est,

ncc

fieri

potest,

me

diutius,

quam

aut

tuum

tempus aut firma spes postuhibit, in tam misera tamque turpi vita commorari, ut, qui modo fratre fuerim, hberis,
conjuge, copiis, genere ipso pecuniag beatissimus, dignitate, auctoritate, existimatione, gratia

qui

umquam

fuerunt amphssimi,

is

aflflicta

perditaque fortuna neque

me

non inferior quam nunc in hac tam neque meos higere

diutius possim.

Qiiare quid ad

me

scripsisti

de permutatione ? quasi
Qiia in re

vero nunc

me non

tuae facultates sustineant.

ipsa video miser et sentio, quid scelcris admiserim,

cum

de visceribus tuis et fihi tui satisfacturus sis, quibus debes, ego acceptam ex aerario pecuniam tuo nomine Sed tamen et M. Antonio, quantum frustra dissiparim.
tu scripseras, et Caepioni

ad

id

quod

cogito,

forte

quid

erit

tantumdem solutum est mihi, hoc quod habeo satis est. Tu, si molestise, te ad Crassum et ad Cahdium
;

conferas, censeo.

Qiiantum Hortensio credendum

simulatione

sit,

nescio.

Me summa
quotidiana,

amoris,

summaque

assiduitate

sceleratissime insidiosissimeque tractavit, adjuncto quo-

que Arrio

quorum ego

consihis, promissis, praeceptis

CICERO.
destitutus, in
bis,

191

hanc calamitatem
tibi

incidi.

Sed

haec occulta-

ne quid obsint.

Ilkid caveto, et eo puto per

Pomille

ponium fovendum

esse

ipsum Hortensium, ne

versus, qui in te erat collatus ciim a^dilitatem petebas, de

lege Aurelia, falso testimonio confirmetur.

tam timeo, quam

oppugnent

ne,

cum

intelligant

Nihil enim homines quantum

sit,

misericordiae nobis tuae preces et tua sakis allatura

te veliementius. tui

Messalam

studiosum esse arbitror

Pompeium

etiam

Sed hasc utinam non experiare quod precarer deos, nisi meas preces audire desissent.
simulatorem puto.

Verumtamen
sint
;

precor, ut his infinitis nostris

maHs

contenti

in

quibus non

modo tamen nulHus

est,

inest peccati
factis

infamia, sed omnis dolor

quod optime

poena

maxima est constituta. Fiham meam et tuam, Ciceronemque nostrum, quid

mi frater, tibi commendem ? quin iUud maereo, quod non minorem dolorem illorum orbitas afferet, quam mihi. Sed, te incokmii, orbi non erunt. ReHqua, ita mihi sakis aHqua detur, potestasque in patria moriendi, Etiam Terentiam ut me lacrimae non sinunt scribere. veHm tueare, mihique de omnibus rescribas. Sis fortis, quoad rei natura patietur.
ego,
tibi

Idibus Juniis, Thessalonic.e.

3.

Cicero to Atticus.
[Sept,
7.

B.C. 57.]

Cum primum Romam

veni, fuitque, cui recte ad te

Htteras darem, nihil priiis faciendum mihi putavi,

ut tibi absenti de reditu nostro gratularer.

quam

Cognoram
nec etiam,
in custodia

enim, ut vere scribam,

pro praeterita

te

in

consiHis mihi dandis nec

fortiorem, nec prudentiorem,

quam me ipsum,
nimium

mea

in te observantia,
;

eundemque te, qui primis temsalutis meae diHgentem poribus erroris nostri aut potius furoris particeps et falsi timoris socius fuisses, acerbissime discidium nostrum

192
tulisse,

LATIN READER.
plurimumque
perae, studii, diligentias, laboris,

ad conficiendum reditum meum contulisse. Itaque hoc tibi vere affirmo, in maxima laetitia et exoptatissima gratulatione unum ad cumulandum gaudium conspectum aut potius complexum mihi tuum defuisse,

quem semel
fecto

nactus

numquam

dimisero, ac, nisi etiam

praetermissos fructus tuae suavitatis

hac restitutione fortunae

in nostro statu,

me
quod

ipse

omnes exegero, pronon satis dignum

judicabo.

Nos adhuc
sem,

difficilHme recuperari

posse arbitrati sumus, splendorem nostrum illum forenet in senatu auctoritatem, et apud viros bonos gratiam, magis quam optaramus consecuti sumus. In re autem

famihari (quae

quemadmodum fracta,

dissipata, direpta

sit,

non ignoras) valde laboramus, tuarumque non tam facultatum, quas ego nostras esse judico, quam consihorum ad coUigendas et constituendas reliquias nostras indigemus. Nunc, etsi omnia aut scripta esse a tuis arbitror, aut etiam nuntiis ac rumore perlata, tamen ea scribam brevi, quae te puto potissimum ex meis Htteris velle cognoscere.

Pridie
illo

die,

Nonas Sext, Dyrrhachio sum profectus, ipso quo lex est lata de nobis. Brundisium veni
;

Nonis Sext.

ibi

mihi Tulliohi

mea

fuit praesto, natali

suo ipso die, qui casu idem nataHs erat et Brundisinae Qiiae res, animadversa a colonise et tuae vicinae Salutis.
multitudine,
est.

summa Brundisinorum
vi.

gratulatione celebrata

Ante diem
Htteris

Id.

Sext.

cognovi,
mirifico

cum
studio

Brundisii

essem,

Quinti

fratris,

omnium

aetatum atque ordinum, incredibiH concursu ItaHae, legem

comitiis centuriatis esse perlatam.

Inde^ a Brundisinis

honestissime ornatus,

iter ita feci, ut

undique ad

me cum
vehi, ut

gratulatione legati convenerint.

Ad

urbem

ita

nemo uUius

ordinis

homo

nomenclatori notus

fuerit,

qui

mihi obviam non

venerit, praeter eos inimicos, quibus id

CICERO.

193
aut

ipsum non

liceret

aut dissimulare

negare.

Ciim

venissem ad portam Capenam, gradus templorum ab infima plebe completi erant a qua plausu maximo ciim
;

esset

mihi gratulatio

significata, similis et frequentia et

ct

plausus

me usque

ad Capitolium celebravit, in foroque

in ipso Capitolio

miranda multitudo

fuit.

Postridie in senatu, qui fuit dies

atui gratias
caritas, et

Non. Septembr.,senesset annon^e

egimus.

Eo

biduo

cum

summa

homines ad theatrum primo, deinde ad senatum concurrissent impulsu Clodii, mea opera frumenti inopiam csse clamarent, cum per eos dies senatus de annona haberetur, et ad ejus procurationem sermone non solum plebis, verum etiam bonorum Pompeius vocaretur, idque ipse cuperet, muhitudoque a me nominatim, ut id decernerem, postularet feci et accurate sententiam dixi, cum abessent consulares, quod tuto se negarent posse sententiam dicere, praeter Messalam et Afranium. Factum est senatus consultum in meam sententiam, ut cum Pompeio ageretur, ut eam rem susciperet, lexque ferretur quo senatus consuUo recitato, cum continuo more hoc insulso et novo plausum, meo nomine recitando, dedisset, habui contionem omnes magistratus prcesentes, praeter unum praetorem et duos tribunos plebis, dederunt.
; ;

Postridie senatus frequens et

omnes consulares
IUe legatos

nihil

Pompeio

postulanti

negarunt.

quindecim

cum postularet, me principem nominavit, et ad omnia me alteriun se fore dixit. Legem consules conscripserunt,

qua Pompeio per quinquennium omnis potestas

;

rei

frumentari^e toto orbe terrarum daretur

alteram Messius,

qui omnis pecunise dat potestatem, et adjungit chissem et

exercitum, et majus imperium in provinciis

quam

sit

eorum qui eas

nunc modesta videtur, h^ec Messii non ferenda. Pompeius Consulares, duce illam velle se dicit, famihares hanc. Favonio, fremunt nos tacemus, et eo magis, quod de domo nostra nihil adhuc pontifices responderunt. Qui
obtineant.
Illa nostra lex consularis
;

194
si

LATIN READER.
aream praeclaram habebimus
senatus
consulto

sustulerint religionem,

superficiem
aestimabunt.

consules ex

aestimabunt

sin aliter, demolientur, suo

nomine locabunt, rem totam

Ita sunt res nostrse, ut in secundis fluxae, ut in adversis

bonae.

In re familiari valde sumus, ut

scis, perturbati.

Praeterea sunt
mitto.

quaedam domestica, quas

fratrem,
insigni

litteris

non comfide
et

Qiuntum
sic

pietate,

virtute,

praeditum,

amo

ut

debeo.

Te

exspecto,

oro

ut matures venire, eoque

silio

animo venias, ut me tuo con-

egere non sinas.

prassentibus
te

Alterius vitae

quoddam
aperte

initium

ordimur.
incipiunt

Jam quidam,

qui nos absentes defenderunt,

irasci,

occulte

invidere.

Vehementer

requirimus.

2.
I.

The Dcath qf

Tullia.

Siilpicius to Cicero,
[April, B.c. 45.]

Posteaquam mihi renuntiatum

filiae tue,

est

de obitu TuUiae,

tuH,
istic

quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque communemque eam calamitatem existimavi qui, si
sane
;

afiliissem,
tibi

neque

tibi

defuissem, coramque

meum

dolorem

declarassem.

Etsi genus hoc consolationis

miserum atque acerbum

confieri debet

est,

propterea

quia, per quos

propinquos ac famiharis, ii ipsi pari molestia afficiuntur, neque sine lacrimis multis id cohari possunt, uti magis ipsi videantur aHorum consolatione
indigere

quam

aHis posse

tamen quae
sed

in prsesentia in
:

suum ofiicium praestare, mentem mihi venerunt, decrevi

non quo ea te fugere existimem, quod forsitan dolore impeditus minus ea perspicias. Quid est, quod opere te commoveat tuus dolor intestinus? Cogita, quemadmodum adhuc fortuna nobiscum egerit ea nobis erepta esse, quae hominibus non minds
brevi ad te perscribere
:

quam

Hberi cara esse debent, patriam, honestatem, digni-

CICERO.
tatem,

195

honores omnes. Hoc imo incommodo addito, quid ad dolorem adjungi potuit? aut qui non in illis rebus exercitatus animus callerc jam debet, atquc omnia
minoris existimare?

An

illius

vicem, credo, doles?

Qiioties in

eam

cogita-

tionem necesse est et tu veneris, et nos saipe incidimus,

hisce temporibus

non pessime cum

iis

esse actum, quibus

sine dolore licitum est

Quid autem

fuit,

mortem cum vita commutare? quod iUam hoc tempore ad vivendum

quod
pro

magno opere

invitare posset? quaj res? qujB spes?

animi solatium?

Ut cum ahquo

adolescente primario
est tibi, credo,

conjuncta ^tatem gererct?

Licitum

tua dignitate ex hac juventute

fidei

generum dehgere, cujus

!

An ut ea hberos tuos te tuto committere putares hberos ex sese pareret, quos cum florentes videret, laetaretur? qui rem a parente traditam per se tenere possent?
honores ordinatim petituri essent? in re pubhca, in ami-

corum negotiis, hbertate sua uti ? Quid horum non prius quam datum est ademptum sit?

fuit,

quod

At vero malum
pejus
sit,

est

hberos amittere.

haec sufferre et perpeti.

Malnm nisi hoc Quae res mihi non

:

mediocrem consolationem attuht, volo tibi commemorare, Ex Asia si forte eadem res tibi minuere dolorem possit.
rediens,
coepi

cum ab ^gina Megaram

versus navigarem,

regiones circumcirca

prospicere.

Post

me

erat

JEgina, ante
inthus
runt,
:

me Megara

dextra Piraeeus, sinistra Corflorentissima fue-

quae oppida

quodam tempore
:

nunc egomet mecum

prostrata ac diruta ante oculos jacent.

sic cogitare

Coepi
indi-

I/em ! nos homunculi

gnamur^ si quis nostrum interiit aut occisus est^ quorum vita brevior esse debet^ cum uno loco tot oppiduin cadavera projecta jacent?
tatione ea
Vis7te tu te^ Servi^ cohibere et

memiitisse^ hominef7i te esse

natum? Crede mihi, coginon mediocriter sum confirmatus.

Hoc idem, si tibi videtur, fac ante oculos tibi proponas. Modo uno tempore tot viri clarissimi interierunt; de

196
imperio populi

LATIN READER.

Romani

tanta deminutio facta est

:

omnes
ani-

provinci^e conquassatos sunt

in unius mulierculae

mula
si

si

jactura facta

est,

tanto opere

commoveris? quae
fuerat.

hoc tempore non diem suum

ei

obisset, paucis post annis

tamen Etiam

moriendum

fuit,

quoniam homo nata

ac cogitationem

tu

ab hisce rebus
illam,

animum

tuam

avoca, atque ea potius reminiscere, quae digna tua per-

sona sunt

quamdiu
;

cum

re publica fuisse

te,
;

ei opus fuerit, vixisse una patrem suum, praetorem, con;

adolescentibus primariis nuptam omnibus bonis prope perfunctam esse cum res publica occideret, vita excessisse. Quid est, quod tu aut illa cum fortuna hoc nomine queri possitis ? Denique noH te obHvisci Ciceronem esse, et eum, qui neque imiahis consueris j^raecipere et dare concihum

sulem, augurem vidisse

;

fuisse

tare

malos medicos, qui

in

ahenis

morbis profitentur
tibi est,

tenere se medicinae scientiam, ipsi se curare non possunt

sed potius, quae ahis tute prsecipere soies, ea tute

subjice, atque

apud animum propone.

tibi

Nuhus
ei rei

dolor

qucm non
te

longinquitas temporis minuat ac mohiat.

Hoc

exspectare tempus

turpe

est,

ac non

sapientia

tua occurrere.

Quod

si

qui etiam inferis sensus

in

est,

qui ihius in te

hoc certe iha te facere non vult. Da hoc ilh mortuae da ceteris amicis ac famiharibus, qui tuo dolore masrent da patriie, ut, si qua in re opus sit, opera et consilio tuo uti possit. Denique, quoniam in eam fortunam devenimus, ut etiam huic rei nobis serviendum sit, noli committere, ut quisquam te putet non tam fiham quam rei pubhcae tempora et ahsuos,
; ;

amor fuit, pietasque

omnes

orum victoriam
Plura

lugere.
te

me

ad

de hac re scribere pudet, ne videar

:

prudentiae tuae diffidere

quare,

si

hoc

unum

proposuero,

finem faciam scribendi. Vidimus aliquoties secundam pulcherrime te ferre fortunam, magnamque ex ea re te

laudem

apisci

fac

aliquando

intelligamus,

adversam

CICERO.
quoque
tibi

197

te aeque ferre posse,

;

onus videri

neque id majus quam debeat ne ex omnibus virtutibus hasc una tibi

videatur deesse.

Qiiod ad
cognoro, de

me
iis

attinet,

cum

te

tranquilliorem animo esse

rebus quae hic geruntur,

quemadmodumVale.

que

se provincia habeat, certiorem faciam.

2.

Cicero to Sulpicius.
[Written in May, at Astura.]

Ego

vero, Servi, vellem, ut scribis, in

meo

gravissimo

casu affuisses.
potueris, et

Qiiantum enim praesens me adjuvare consohxndo et prope aeque dolendo, facile ex

lectis,

eo intelhgo, quod, htteris

ahquantum

acquievi.

Nam

et

ea scripsisti quae levare luctum possent, et in

me

consolando non mediocrem ipse animi dolorem adhibuisti. Servius tamen tuus omnibus officiis, quas ihi
tempori tribui potuerunt, dechiravit,
faceret, et
et quanti
tibi

ipse

me

quam suum
;

talcm erga

me animum

gratum

putarct fore
fuerint,

cujus officia jucundiora

gratiora.

hcet saepe mihi

numquam tamen

Me

autem non oratio tua soliam

et societas psene aegri-

Turpe enim casum meum, ut tu, tah Sed opprimor intersapientia prasditus, ferendum putas. dum, et vix resisto dolori, quod ea mc sohitia deficiunt, quae ceteris, quorum mihi exemphi propono, simih in Nam et Q. Maximus, qui fihum fortuna non defuerunt. consularem, clarum virum et magnis rebus gestis, amisit, et L. PauUus, qui duo septem diebus, et vester Gahus,
tudinis, sed

etiam auctoritas consohitur.

esse existimo,

me non

ita ferre

summo ingenio, summa virtute fihum temporibus fuerunt, ut eorum hictum ipsorum dignitas consolaretur ea, quam ex re pubhca consequebantur. Mihi autem, amissis ornamentis iis, que ipse
et

M.

Cato, qui
iis

perdidit,

commemoras, quasque eram maximis hiboribus adeptus, unam manebat iUud sohatium, quod ereptum est. Non amicorum negotiis, non rei pubhcce procuratione impedie-

198

LATIN READER.
;

bantur cogitationes meae

adspicere
erat,

nihil
;

in foro

agere libebat

existimabam, id quod curiam non poteram omnes me et industrias meae fructus et fortunae per-

didisse.

Sed,

cum

cogitarem hsec mihi tecum et

et

dam

communia, cogeremque illa ferre

esse

cum quibuscum frangerem jam ipse me,

;

toleranter

habebam quo

confu-

gerem, ubi conquiescerem, cujus in sermone et suavitate omnes curas doloresque deponerem. Nunc autem, hoc tam gravi vuhiere, etiam illa quae consanuisse videbantur
recrudescunt.

Non enim, ut tum me a re pubhca maestum domus excipiebat, que levaret, sic nunc domo maerens ad rem pubHcam confugere possum, ut in ejus bonis acquiescam. Itaque et domo absum et foro, quod nec eum dolorem, quem a re pubhca capio, domus jam consolari potest,

nec domesticum res pubhca.

levatio
afferri

Qiio magis te exspecto, teque videre

cupio.

Major mihi

nulla

quam primum potest, quam

:

conjunctio consuetudinis

sermonumque nostrorum quam-

sic enim audiebam quam sperabam tuum adventum appropinquare. Ego autem ciim multis de causis te exopto quam primiam videre tum etiam, ut ante com-

qua ratione nobis traducendum sit hoc tempus, quod est totum ad unius vohnitatem accominter nos,

mentemur

modandum,
ita
sit,

et prudentis, et

hberahs, et (ut perspexisse

tibi

videor) nec a

me

aheni, et

amicissimi.

Qiiod

cum
sit

magnae tamen est dehberationis, quse ratio ineunda nobis, non agendi ahquid, sed iUius concessu
beneficio quiescendi.

et

XI.

PL

N Y.

I.

Letter

to Tacitus^

concerning a Schoolfor Boys.

;

Salvum te in urbem venisse gaudeo venisti autem, si quando alias, nunc maxime mihi desideratus. Ipse pauculis adhuc diebus in Tusculano commorabor, ut opusculum quod est in manibus absolvam. Vereor enim ne, si hanc intentionem jam in fine laxavero, aegre resumam. Interim, ne quid festinationi meae pereat, quod sum prassens petiturus hac quasi praecursoria epistula rogo. Sed prius accipe causas rogandi. Proxime, cum in patria mea fui, venit ad me salutandum municipis mei Huic ego Studes ? inquam. Refihus praetextatus. 'MedioUuii.' Ubi ? 'Curnonhic?' spondit Etiam.' Et pater ejus (erat enim una, atque etiam ipse adduxerat puerum) Quia nullos hic praeceptores habemus.' Quare nullos ? nam vehementer intererat vestra, qui patres liestis,' et opportune comphu*es patres audiebant, beros vestros hic potissimum discere. Ubi enim aut
' ' ' ' '

'

'

'

jucundiiis morarentur

quam

in patria, aut pudicius con-

tinerentur

quam

quam domi ?

sub ocuHs parentum, aut minore sumptu Qiiantuhun est ergo, collata pecunia, con-

ducere praeceptores, quodque nunc in habitationes, in

viatica, in ea quae peregre

mercedibus ?
paratus

emuntur impenditis, adjicere Atque adeo ego, qui nondum liberos habeo,
re publica nostra, quasi

sum pro

pro fiha vel

parente, tertiam partem ejus

dare.

quod conferre vobis placebit Totum etiam polHcerer, nisi timerem ne hoc

'

200

LATIN READER.
ut acci-

munus meum quandoque ambitu corrumperetur,

conducuntur.
parentibus
religio

dere multis in locis video, in quibus prseceptorcs publice

Huic
jus

vitio occurri

uno remcdio
collationis

potest,

si

solis

conducendi

relinquatur, isdemque

recte

judicandi

necessitate

addatur.

Nam

qui fortasse de alieno

;

negligentes, certe

de suo

diligentes erunt

dabuntque operam ne a

me pecuniam

non nisi dignus accipiat, si accepturus et ab ipsis erit. Proinde consentite, conspirate, majoremque animum ex

meo

sumite, qui cupio esse

quam plurimum, quod debeam

conferre.

Nihil honestius prsestare Hberis vestris, nihil

gratius patri^e, potestis.

Educentur hic qui hic nascuntur, amare frequentare consuescant. Atque utinam tam claros praeceptores inducatis, ut finitimis oppidis studia hinc petantur utque nunc Hberi vestri ahena in loca, ita mox aUeni in hunc locum
statimque ab infantia natale solum
;

confluant

Haec putavi altius et quasi a fonte repetenda, quo magis scires quam gratum mihi foret, si susciperes quod Injungo autem, et pro rei magnitudine rogo, injungo. ut ex copia studiosorum, quaa ad te ex admiratione ingenii tui convenit, circumspicias praeceptores quos solHcitare possimus
;

sub ea tamen conditione, ne cui fidem

meam obstringam.
pendium
certum
vindico.

Omnia enim Hbera

:

parentibus servo.
et in-

IIH judicent, iHi eHgant

ego mihi curam tantum

si

Proinde,

quis fuerit repertus qui

ingenio suo

fidat, eat

iHuc, ea lege ut hinc nihil aliud

ferat.

quam

fiduciam suam

Vale.

2.

Letter

to Tacitus^

on his Uncle's death hy the

a.d. 79.

Eruftion qf Vesuvius^
Petis ut tibi

avuncuH mei exitum scribam, quo verius nam video morti Gratias ago tradere posteris possis. efus, si celebretur a te, immortalem gloriam esse propositam. Quamvis enim pulcherrimarum clade terrarum.
:

PLINY.
ut populi, ut urbes, memorabili casu quasi

20I semper vicmansura

turus occiderit,- quamvis ipse plurima opera et

;

multum tamen perpetuitati ejus scriptorum condiderit tuorum aeternitas addet. Equidem beatos puto quibus deorum munere datum est aut facere scribenda, aut scribere legenda
in
;

beatissimos vero quibus utrumque.

et

Horum
tuis
erit.

numero avunculus meus

libentius suscipio,

suis

libris

et

Quo

deposco etiam quod injungis. Erat Miseni, classemque imperio praesens regebat.
Kal. Septembres, hora fere septima, mater

Nonum
specie.

mea
et

indicat ei apparere

nubem
sole,

inusitata et
frigida,

magnitudine

Usus
:

ille

mox

gustaverat jacens

locum ex quo maxNubes, incertum procul intuentibus ex quo monte (Vesuvium fuisse postea cognitum est) oriebatur, cujus similitudinem et formam non alia magis arbor quam pinus expresserit. Nam longissimo velut trunco elata, in altum quibusdam ramis
studebatque
poscit soleas, ascendit

ime miraculum

illud conspici poterat.

diffundebatur,

credo,

quia recenti spiritu evecta, dein

senescente eo, destituta aut etiam pondere suo victa, in

latitudinem vanescebat

candida interdum, interdum sor-

dida et maculosa, prout terram cineremve sustulerat.

Magnum
visum.
ipse

propiusque noscendum, ut eruditissimo viro,

:

Jubet J^iburnicam aptari

:

mihi,

si

venire una
;

vellem, facit copiam

respondi studere

me

malle

et forte
:

quod scriberem dederat.

villa ejus subjacebat,

Egredicbatur
nisi

domo

acci-

pit codicillos Rectinie

Tasci imminenti periculo

exterritai
:

(nam

nec ulla

navibus fuga)
Vertit
illc

ut se tanto discrimini eriperet orabat.

silium, et

con-

Deducit quadriremes, ascendit

quod studioso animo inchoaverat obit maximo. ipse, non Rectinae modo sed multis (erat enim frequcns amoenitas orce) hiturus auxHium. Properat ilhic unde ahi fugiunt, rectumque
cursum, recta gubernacula in periculum tenet, adeo sohitus metu ut omnes iUius mah motus, omnes figuras, ut
deprenderat ocuhs, dictaret enotaretque.

202

LATIN READER.
navlbus cinls incldebat, qiio proplus accederent,
et

Jam
calidior

densior

ambusti
flecteret,

et fractl igne lapldes,

litora

que montis
inquit

jam pumices etiam, nigrlque et jam vadum subltum, ruinaobstantia. Cunctatus paulum an retro
;

mox

gubernatori ut

Ita faceret

monentl Fo7-tes

Stablis fortuna juvat: Pomponianum pete. nam senslm clrcumactis erat, dlremptus sinu medio curvatlsque litorlbus mare Infunditur. Ibl, quamquam
;

nondum
cixxw

periculo appropinquante, conspicuo tamen, et

cresceret,
si

proximo, sarcinas contulerat

contrarius ventus resedisset
;

naves,

certus fugae,

quo tunc

avunculus meus secundlssimo invectus, complectitur trepldantem, consolatur, hortatur, utque timorem ejus sua
securltate leniret, deferri in
bat,

ballneum jubet

lotus accu-

cenat aut hilaris, aut (quod est aeque

magnum)

similis hilari.

Interim e Vesuvlo monte pku-ibus in locis latissimae flammas altaque incendia relucebant, quorum fulgor et
clarltas tenebris noctls excitabatur.
Ille,

agrestium trepi-

datione Ignes rellctos desertasque villas per solitudlnem

ardere,
in

remedium formidinis
illi

dlctitabat.

quieti dedit, et quievit verlssimo

quldem somno.

Tum se Nam

meatus anlma^, qui

audiebatur.
clnere

propter amplitudinem corporis

iis

gravior et sonantior erat, ab

qui HminJ obversabantur

diasta

Sed area ex qua

adlbatur

ita

jam

mixtisque

longlor in

pumiclbus oppleta surrexerat ut, si cubiculo mora, exitus negaretur. Excltatus

procedit, seque

Pomponiano

ceterisque qui pei-vigilave-

rant reddlt.
tant,

In

commune

consultant, intra tecta subsis-

an

in

aperto vagentur.

Nam

crebris

vastlsque

trcmoribus tecta nutabant, et quasl emota sedibus suis

nunc huc nunc

illuc ablre aut referri videbantur.

Sub

dio rursus

cum

casus metuebatur

elegit.

levium exesorumque pumiquod tamen periculorum collatio Et apud illum quidem ratio rationem, apud alios
;

quamquam

timorem timor vicit.

Cervicalia capitibus imposita hnteis

PLINY.
constringunt
:

203
adversus incidentia
fuit.

id

munimentum

nox omnibus noctibus nigrior densiJam orque quam tamen faces multae variaque lumina solabantur. Placuit egredi in litus, et ex proximo aspicere quod adhuc vastum et ecquid jam mare admitteret adversum permanebat. Ibi, super abjectum linteum redies alibi,
;

illic

cubans, semel atque iterum frigidam

hausitque.

aquam

poposcit

Deinde flammae, flammarumque prainuntius odor sulphuris, ahos in fugam vertuht, excitant illum. Innitens servoHs duobus adsurrexit et statim concidit,
;

ut ego coUigo, crassiore caHgine spiritu obstructo,

clau-

soque stomacho, qui

ilU

natura invahdus et angustus et

frequenter aistuans erat.

Ubi

dies

redditus

(is

ab eo
habitus

quem

novissime viderat tertius), corpus inventum inteut fuerat indutus:

grum, inl^esum, opertumque

corporis quiescenti

quam

defuncto simiHor.

Interim Miseni ego et mater.

Sed

nihil

ad historiam

nec tu aHud
ergo faciam.

quam

de exitu ejus scire voluisti. Finem Unum adjiciam, omnia me quibus inter-

fueram, qua^que statim ciim

maxime vera memorantur

potissima excerpes.

audieram, persecutum.

Tu

AHud

est enim epistohim aHud historiam, aHud amico aHud

omnibus

scribere.

Vale.

3.

Second Letter on

tJie

Eruption,

Ais te, adductum Htteris quas exigenti tibi de morte avuncuH mei scripsi, cupere cognoscere quos ego Miscni reHctus (id enim ingressiis abruperam) non solum metus verum etiam casus pertulerim. Qiiamquam animus meminisse horret, incipiam.
Profecto avunculo, ipse reHquum tempus studiis (ideo enim remanseram) impendi mox baHneum, cena, somnus
:

inquietus et brevis.
terrae

Praecesserat per multos dies tremor

vero nocte

minus formidolosus, quia Campaniae soHtus. IHa ita invaluit, ut non moveri omnia sed verti cre-

204
derentiir.

LATIN READER.
Irrumpit cubiculum
si

meum

invicem,

quiesceret, excitaturus.

mater surgebam, Residimus in area

:

domus, quaj mare a tectis modico spatio dividebat. Dubito constantiam vocare an inprudentiam debeam agebam enim duodevicesimum annum posco librum
:

Titi Livi, et quasi per otium lego, atque etiam, ut ccEperam, excerpo. Ecce, amicus avunculi, qui nuper ad eum

ex Hispania venerat, ut
etiam legentem videt,
corripit
:

me

et

matrem

sedentes,

illius

patientiam, securitatem

me vero meam
lan-

nihilo segnius ego intentus in librum.

diei

Jam
guidus
certus

hora
dies.

prima, et adhuc dubius

quassatis

et quasi

Jam
metus.

circumjacentibus

tectis,

quamquam
visum
tique
:

in

aperto loco, angusto tamen,

magnus
in

et

ruinae

Tum demum

excedere

sequitur vulgus attonitum,

quodque

oppido pavore
tecto
pati-

simiie prudentia^, alienum consilium suo praefert, ingen-

consistimus.

agmine abeuntes premit et impellit. Egressi Multa ibi miranda, multas formidines
campo,
in se

mur.

Nam veliicula quae produci jusseramus, quamquam

in contrarias partes agebantur, ac
fulta in

in planissimo

ne lapidibus quidem
Praeterea
repelii

eodem

vestigio quiescebant.

mare

resorberi, et tremore terr^ quasi

videbamus.
et

Certe

processerat
;

litus,

multaque

animalia maris siccis hareilis detinebat.

Ab

altero latere

nubes atra
bat

horrenda, ignei spiritus tortis vibratisque

discursibus rupta, in longas

:

flammarum

figuras dehisce-

fulguribus

illiE

et similes et
ille
'

majores erant.

Tum

vero idem
'

ex

instantius

Si frater
;

inquit
si
?
'

'

Hispania amicus acrius et tuus, tuus avunculus vivit,

;

vult esse vos salvos

periit, superstites voluit

proinde

quid cessatis evadere

nos,
ut

Respondimus non commissuros

incerti

de

salute
ultra,

illius

nostras

consuleremus.
cursu periculo
in terras,
:

Non

moratus

pr ripit

se, effiisoque

aufertur.

Nec multo
:

post, illa

nubes descendere

operire maria

cinxerat Capreas et absconderat

abstulerat.

Miseni

quod procurrit

Tum

mater orare, hortari,

PLINY.
jubere quoquo

205

modo fugerem

et annis et corpore

posse enim juvenem, se gravem bene morituram, si mihi causa

;

mortis non fuisset. Ego contra, salvum me nisi una non futurum: dein manum ejus amplexus, addere gradum cogo. Paret ^egre, incusatque se quod me moretur.
cinis, adliuc tamen rarus respicio densa caligo imminebat, quae nos torrentis modo infusa terrse sequebatur. 'Deflectamus' inquam, dum videmus ne in via strati comitantium turba in tenebris obteramur.* Vix consideramus, et nox, non qualis illunis aut nubila,
:
;

Jam

tergis

'

sed qualis in

locis

clausis

lumine extincto.
alii
:

Audires

ululatus feminarum, infantum quiritatus, clamores viro-

rum

alii

parentes,

alii

liberos,

conjuges vocibus

suum casum, ilH suorum miserabantur erant qui metu mortis mortem precarentur multi ad deos manus tollere, phires nusquam jam deos ullos, aeternamque illam et novissimam noctem mundo interpretabantur. Nec defuerunt qui fictis mentitisque terroribus vera
requirebant, vocibus noscitabant
:

hi

pericula augerent.

Aderant qui Miseni

illud ruisse, ilhid

ardere falso, sed credentibus nuntiabant.

PauUnn

reluxit

quod non dies nobis sed adventantis ignis indicium videbatur. Et ignis quidem longius substitit, tenebraa rursus,
cinis rursus

muhus

et gravis.
:

Hunc

identidem adsur-

gentes excutiebamus

operti ahoqui atque etiam obhsi

pondere essemus. Possem gloriari non gemitum mihi, non vocem pariim fortem, in tantis pcricuhs excidisse,

me cum omnibus, omnia mecum perire misero, magno tamen mortahtatis solacio credidissem. Tandem iUa cahgo, tenuata quasi in fumum nebulamve,
nisi

discessit

mox

dies

verus,

sol

etiam

eftulsit,

luridus

Occursabant trepidantibus adhuc ocuhs mutata omnia, altoque cinere

tamen, quahs esse
deficit solet.

cum

tamquam

nive, obducta. Regressi Misenum, curatis utcumque corporibus, suspensam dubiamque noctem spe nam et tremor ac metu exegimus. Metus praevalebat
:

2o6
teiT^e

LATIN READER.
perseverabat, et plerique lymphati
terrificis vatici-

nationibus et sua et aliena mala ludificabantur.

Nobis

tamen ne tunc quidem, quamquam

et expectantibus,

et cxpertis

periculum

nuntius.

abeundi consilium, donec de avunculo Haec nequaquam historia digna non scripturus
imputabis,
si

leges, et tibi, scilicet qui requisisti,

digna

ne epistula quidem videbuntur.

Vale.

4.

Letter

to

Trajan^ concernhzg- the Christians,

[a.D. 112.]

Sollemne
ad
te referre.

est mihi,

Qiiis

domine, omnia de quibus dubito enim potest mehus vel cunctationem

?

meam

regere, vel ignorantiam exstruere

interfiji

Cognitionibus de Christianis

numquam

ideo

nescio quid et quatenus aut puniri

soleat,

aut quaeri.

Nec

mediocriter haesitavi, sitne ahquod discrimen astatum,

;

an quamhbet teneri nihil a robustioribus diflerant detur paenitentiae venia, an ei qui omnino Christianus fuit nomen ipsum, si flagitiis careat, an desisse non prosit
;

flagitia cohaerentia

nomini puniantur.

Interim in
bantur, hunc
essent
rogavi,

iis

qui ad

me tamquam
modum.
:

Christiani defere-

sum

secutus

Interrogavi ipsos an

Christiani.

Confitentes

iterum

ac tertio

inter-

supphcium minatus

perseverantes
esset

duci jussi.

Neque enim dubitabam, qualecumque

debere puniri.
cives

quod

fate-

rentur, pertinaciam certe et inflexibilem

obstinationem

Fuerunt ahi simihs amentia?, quos, quia

erant, adnotavi in

Romani

urbem remittendos.

Mox

ipso tractatu, ut

fieri solet,

plures species inciderunt.

auctore,

difflmdente se crimine, Propositus est hbeUus sine

Qiii

multorum nomina continens.

imagini
tuae

negabant esse
deos appel-

se Christianos aut fuisse,

hirent, et

cum pr^eunte me

(quam propter hoc jusseram cum

adferri) ture ac vino supphcarent,

simuhicris

numinum

praeterea maledicerent Christo

quorum

niliil

posse cogi

PLINY.
dicuntur qui sunt re vera Christiani
putavi.
Alii,

207

dimittendos

esse

ab indice nominati, esse se Christianos

;

dixerunt, et

mox negaverunt

fuisse

quidem, sed

desisse,

quidam ante plures annos, non nemo etiam ante viginti quoque. Omnes et imaginem tuam deorumque simulacra venerati sunt, et Christo maledixerunt. Affirmabant autem hahc fuisse summam vel culpae suae vel erroris, quod essent soHti stato die ante lucem con-

carmenque Christo quasi deo dicere secum invicem, seque sacramento non in scelus aliquod obstringere, sed ne furta, ne latrocinia, ne adulteria committerent, ne fidem fallerent, ne depositum appellati abnegarent quibus peractis, morem sibi discedendi fuisse, rursusque ad capiendum cibum, promiscuum tamen et innoxium quod ipsum facere desisse post edictum meum, quo secundum mandata tua heteerias esse vetueram. Quo magis necessarium credidi ex duabus anciUis, quae ministrae dicebantur, quid esset veri, et per tormenta quserere. Nihil
venire,
: ;

aUud inveni quam superstitionem pravam immodicam. Ideo, dilata cognitione, ad consulendum te decucurri. Visa est enim mihi res digna consultatione, maxime propter periclitantium numerum. Multi enim omnis aitatis, omnis ordinis, utriusque sexus etiam, vocantur in
periculum
vicos
et

vocabuntur.
atque
;

Neque
sisti et

civitates tantiam, sed

istius

etiam

agros, superstitionis

contagio

pervagata est
satis constat

quie videtur

corrigi posse.

Certe

prope jam desolata templa coepisse celebrari,

sollemnia diu intermissa repeti, pastumque venire victimarum, cujus adhuc rarissimus emptor inveniebatur.
et sacra

Ex quo
possit,

facile est opinari quae turba

si sit

hominum emendari

paenitentiae locus.

2o8

LATIN READER.

5.

The Reply of Trajan.

debuisti, mi Secunde, in excutiendis eorum qui Christiani ad te delati fuerant, secutus Neque enim in universum aliquid quod quasi certam es. formam habeat constitui potest. Conquirendi non sunt ita tamen ut si deferantur et arguantur, puniendi sunt

Actum quem

causis

qui negaverit se Christianum esse, idque re ipsa mani-

festum

fecerit, id est

supplicando

diis

nostris,

quamvis

suspectus in prasteritum, veniam ex paenitentia impetret. Sine auctore vero, propositi libelli in nullo crimine lo-

cum

habere debent.

Nam

et

pessimi exempli nec nostri

saeculi est.

XII.

TACITUS.
The Confiagration of Rome^ and First Persecution of the Christians.
[Annals. xv. 38-44. a.d. 64.]

Sequitur clades, forte an dolo principis incertum

(nam utrumque
quas huic urbi

auctores prodidere), sed omnibus

per violentiam ignium

acciderunt

gravior atque atrocior.

Initium in ea parte circi

ortum, quae Palatino Ceelioque montibus contigua

est,

ubi per tabernas, quibus id

alitur,

mercimonium
ignis
et

inerat

quo flamma

simul

coeptus

statim

validus ac vento citus longitudinem circi corripuit.

Neque enim domus munimentis

miiris cincta,

saeptas, vel

templa

aut quid

aliud

morae

interjacebat.

in edita

Impetu pervagatum incendium plana primum, deinde adsurgens et rursus inferiora populando, anteiit remedia velocitate mali, et obnoxia urbe artis itineribus, hucque et illuc flexis atque enormibus vicis, quahs vetus Roma fuit. Ad hoc lamenta paventium feminarum, fessa
[aetate] aut rudis [pueritias] astas,

quique

sibi

qui-

que aHis consulebant,

diebant.

dum

trahunt

invalidos

aut

opperiuntur, pars mora, pars festinans, cuncta impe-

tergum respectant, lateribus aut fronte circumveniebantur vel si in proxima evaserant, ilHs quoque igni correptis, etiam quae
ssepe, dirm in
;

Et

2IO

LATIN READER.

longinqua crediderant in eodem casu reperiebant. Postremo, quid vitarent quid peterent ambigui, complere vias, sterni per agros
;

quidam, amissis omalii

nibus fortunis, diurni quoque victus,

caritate

suorum, quos eripere nequiverant, quamvis patente effugio interiere. Nec quisquam defendere audebat,
crebris
et quia

multorum minis restinguere prohibentium, alii palam faces jaciebant, atque esse sibi
licentius

auctorem vociferabantur, sive ut raptus

exercerent, seu jussu.

Eo
et

in

urbem regressus
quaret.
et

tempore Nero, Antii agens, non ante in est quam domui ejus, qua Palatium
sisti

Msecenatis hortos continuaverat, ignis propin-

Neque tamen
et

potuit,

quin

et

Palatium

domus

cuncta circum haurirentur.

Sed

sola-

cium populo exturbato ac profugo campum Martis

ac monumenta Agrippas, hortos quin etiam suos
patefecit, et subitaria asdificia exstruxit, qua3 multi-

tudinem inopem acciperent subvectaque utensiha ab Ostia et propinquis municipiis, pretiumque fruQuag, menti minutum usque ad ternos nummos.
;

quamquam

popularia,
ipso

in

inritum

cadebant,

quia

tempore flagrantis urbis, inisse eum domesticam scsenam, et cecinisse Trojanum excidium, prassentia mala vetustis cladibus
pervaserat rumor,

adsimulantem.
Sexto demum die, apud imas Esquihas finis incendio factus, prorutis per inmensum asdificiis, ut continuag violentiag campus et velut vacuum cselum
occurreret.
levius
locis,

Necdum

positus metus, et rediit

haud

rursum grassatus ignis patuhs magis urbis eoque strages hominum minor delubra deum
:

et porticus amoenitati dicatae latius procidere.

Plus-

TACITUS.

211

que infamige id incendium habuit, quia praediis Tigellini ^milianis proruperat videbaturque Nero condendee urbis novge, et cognomento suo appellandae, gloriam quaerere. Quippe in regiones quattuordecim Roma dividitur, quarum quattuor integrae manebant, tres solo tenus dejectae septem reliquis pauca tectorum vestigia supererant, lacera et semusta.
;
:

Ceterum Nero usus est patrias ruinis, exstruxitque domum, in qua haud perinde gemmae et aurum miraculo essent (solita pridem et luxu volgata)

quam
silvae

arva

et stagna, et in

modum

sohtudinum hinc
et

inde aperta spatia et prospectus, magistris

ma-

chinatoribus Severo et Celere, quibus ingepium et

audacia

erat, etiam quas natura denegavisset, per artem temptare, et viribus principis inhidere. Nam-

que ab lacu Averno navigabilem fossam usque ad

ostia

Tiberina depressuros promiserant, squalenti

htore aut per montes adversos.

Neque enim ahud

humidum gignendis
paludes
:

aquis occurrit

quam Pomptinas
si

cetera abrupta aut arentia, ac

perrumpi

possent, intolerandus labor nec satis causae.

Nero
vestigia

tamen^^ut erat incredibiHum cupitor, etTodere prox-

ima Averno juga conisus

inritae spei.

est,

manentque

post Gahica.incendia,
erecta,

Ceterum urbis que domui supererant non, ut nuha distinctione, nec passim
sed dimensis vicorum
spatiis,

ordinibus,

et

latis

viarum

cohibitaque gedificiorum akitudine, ac

patefactis areis, additisque porticibus, quae frontem

insularum

protegerent.

Eas porticus Nero sua

Addidit praemia pro cujus-

pecunia exstructurum, purgatasque areas dominis

traditurum polHcitus
est.

;;

212

LATIN READER.
et rei familiaris copiis, finivitque

tempus quod efFectis domibus aut insulis apiscerentur. Ruderi accipiendo Ostienses paludes destinabat, utique naves, quce frumentum Tiberi subvectavisintra
sent, onustas rudere

que ordine

decurrerent, asdificiaque ipsa

certa sui parte sine trabibus saxo

Gabino Albanove
impervius est

solidarentur,

quod

is

lapis ignibus

jam aqua privatorum

et pluribus

licentia intercepta,

quo largior
et

locis in

publicum

flueret, custodes,

subsidia reprimendis ignibus in propatulo quisque

haberet

nec communione parietum, sed propriis quseque muris ambirentur. Ea, ex utilitate accepta, decorem quoque novae urbi attulere. Erant tamen qui crederent, veterem illam formam salubritati magis conduxisse, quoniam angustias itinerum et altitudo tectorum non perinde solis vapore perrumperentur at nunc patulam latitudinem, et nulla umbra defensam, graviore aestu ardescere.
;
:

Et haec quidem humanis consiHis providebantur. petita a dis piacula, aditique Sibulla^ Hbri, ex quibus supplicatum Volcano et Cereri Proserpinas-

Mox

que, ac propitiata Juno per matronas,

primum

in

CapitoHo, deinde apud proximum mare, unde hausta

aqua templum
et sellisternia

et

simulacrum deoe perspersum

est

ac pervigiHa celebravere feminae qui-

bus mariti erant. Sed non ope humana, non largitionibus principis, aut deum placamentis decedebat infamia, quin jussum incendium crederetur. Ergo abolendo rumori

Nero
bat.

subdidit reos, et quaesitissimis poenis adfecit,

flagitia invisos

vulgus Christianos appeflaAuctor nominis ejus Christus, Tiberio imperitante, per procuratorem Pontium PiLitum suppHcio

quos per

TACITUS.
adfectus
erat
;

213

repressaque in praescns exitiabilis

rursum erumpebat, non modo per Judaeam, originem ejus mali, sed per urbem etiam,
superstitio

quo cuncta undique atrocia aut pudenda confluunt

celebranturque.
;

Igitur

primum

correpti qui

fate-

bantur deinde, indicio eorum, multitudo ingens haud

perinde in crimine incendii
neris convicti sunt.

quam

odio

humani geinterirent,

Et pereuntibus addita ludibria,

ut ferarum tergis contecti laniatu

canum

aut crucibus adfixi, aut flammandi, atque ubi defecisset

dies,

in
ei

usum

nocturni luminis urerentur.

Hortos suos

spectaculc

Nero

obtulerat, et cir-

cense ludicrum

edebat, habitu

aurigae

permixtus
ad-

plebi, vel curriculo insistens.

Unde quamquam

versus sontes, et novissima exempla meritos, miseratio oriebatur,

tamquam non

utiUtate publica sed

in sasvitiam unius absumerentur.

Lihrary*
0/ CaUf r^^

T E

S.

PPI^DRUS.
Little
is

known

witli

accuracy of the

life

of Phaedrns.

He

was probably a Thracian slave in the household of Augustus, was afterwards manumitted, and became the object of the
hatred and persecution of Sejanus, the rainister of Tiberius.

He seems tohave written in the reign of Claudius

(a.d. 41-54).

His fables are mere translations from the Greek.

NoTE.

The metre of
iii.),

all

these fables

is

the lambic Trimeter or

Senarius, ( 82,

the idiis of each double foot being

first

marked
is

with an accent.
the
first

In the

verse of the

first fable,

fame c6a-

measure, consisting of two iambs, with the ictus upon the

first
;

long syllable of the

fifth

e in fame
is

is

long by the analogy of the

declension

-cta vulpes al-

the second, consisting of an

iambus and a spondee. A spondee cannot properly stand in any but the odd feet; but Phaedrus, Hke the comic writers, allows himself greater hberties. The third measure is t' in vinea, a spondee foUowed by an iambus.

Fable
1.

(BooK rV.

3).

Fame,

ablative of cause ( 54, i.).

i.)
.

with vulpes ( 49,

2.
-

vinea,
ii.

coacta, nom. agreeing

1
;

56,

i.

the vines in Italy were

trained upon trees, and festooned from one to another.

appetebat:

27,
i.

it

agrees with vulpes by 49.

disand iv. 52, i. ut, 64, iv. end. cedens, 72, i. Notice that the relative here imphes a conjunction and a pronoun, and that the participle discedens may in English best change constructions with ait " hut when he could not reach it.
3.

Quam,

48,

2l6
he depaHed,
saying,''''

LATIN READER.

The third

foot in this verse,

nOn

p6tii-, is

a dactyl, which in iambic metre has the ictus on the second syllable.
4.
5.

acerbam, sc* uvam. qui and quse, 48, iii.

its

first
is

remark

qui

is

subject of eleis

vant, while

antecedent

(ii)

subject of

debebunt; quae

and its antecedent (ea), of elevant; facere depends upon possunt.

object of facere,
6.

debebunt: we should say

ougJit,

but the Latin expresses

end.

the relation of future time more precisely than the English idiom
requires.

adscribere,
:

58, iv.

sibi, 19,

ii.

Fable
1.

II (IV. 9).

makes
2.

simul ac as soon as ( 43, 9). The position of callidus it eniphatic, and gives it some such force as, iflie is shrewd. alterius: the other, i.e., the person nearest him; another

would be alius.
3.

The

first
i.

foot

decidisset, 62,
it.

end.

inscia,
whether.

is

an anapaest, repSri.
6,

47, vi., without

knowing
6.

4. altiore, 17, v. 1.

esset, 67,

i.

1. an:
3.

7.
9.

copiosus, 44, iv.

possit, 65,
I.

illa sc. dixit.

10.
11.

barbatus,

44, iv. 4.

puteo,

54, VI. 55,

iii.

cornibus,
end
:

vulpecula, 44,
54,
i.
;

i.

2.

abl.

of means.

12.

vado,

5,

shallow water, pool.

III (I. 1).

Faule
1.

2. 3.

venerant, 49, i. compulsi, 47, i. stabat, 27, superior above. fauce improba, savage jaw, belongs with incitatus.
:

ii. 1.

4. jurgii,
6.

50,

iii.

intulit:
I am
iii.

brought up.
drinking.
is

bibenti, 72, i: as

laniger,

44, vi.

10,

8.

The

descriptive adjective

last fable, for the

noun, 47,

timens, fearing
note
:

used like barbatus, in the

at the time,

not timid as a characteristic.

7.

Qui: how.

quod,
for

52,

i. first

what you complain

about.

* This

is

an abbreTiation

scilicet (sclre licet), meaning understand.


NOTES

PHvEDRUS

217

8. a and ad, 42, iv. decurrit, ru7is doion. ad meos haustus: to m\j dmughts, x.e.for me to drink. 9. viribus =:vi: force. 10. menses, 55, 1. 1 six months ago. mihi, 51, 11. male
:

belongs with dixisti: cursed.

11. 13.

equidem emphasizes correptum (sc. eum)

: :

the

first

person, bid I.

lacerat: seizes him and tears him

to pieces ( 72, i).

15. fictis causis, 72, 3

hj mahing up reasons.

F.UJLE
1.

IV
:

(IV. 8).

mordaciorem, 44, v. 3 improbo malicious.

:

one that hites harder than himself.

2.

sentiat, 68,

i.

3.

qua, after

si,
:

ne, etc.

= aliquae,

21, iii. end.

cibi belongs

with res, 50,

5. 6.

tu.

7.

any thing of food, i.e. any food. contra is used as an adverb, on the other hand ( 56, 11. end). Quid, 52, iv. in respect to what ic]iy^ stulta, sc. captas (from capio), 36, 11. try eagerly ; catch at.
11.
:

quae,

first

person, subj. of assuevi, relating to me.

Fable
2.

(I. 25).

et

et,

43, 8.

3.

canes, 52, vi.

currentes:
;

on the run
is
i.

better,

run

while drinking.
4.

corcodilis, 56, iv.

is is

crbcodilis
the subject
6.

short.

rapiantur,
.

this

form
64,

used because the o in

est,

canes
libet
: :

quam

as

note,
7.

= otiose

traditum flumine related much as you please. otio, 54,

:

70;

it is

that, etc.

11. first

at

your

ease.

mehercule
2.

Noli vereri,
is

58, iii. first note.

facerem, 59,

iv. 2.

scanned m'ercule.

Fable VI

(II. 7).

cum

4.

pecunia, 54, 11. second note. onere, abl. of cause. celsa cervice eminet:
advolant,
27,

tosses

up

his head; literally, towers with lofty neck, abl. of specification.

7.
i.

second paragraph.

10.
11.

The second

foot, -tiis igi-, is a tribrach.

me

is

subject of
iii).

contemptum

(esse), depending upon

gaudeo(
14.

70,

periclo depends upon obnoxiae, 51,

i.

2l8

LATIN READER.

Fable YII (V.

2.

3).
:

quam,
:

obj. of

opprimere.
ii.

sibi duxit
not

fetched himself.

4. tibi 5.
6.

for or in regard
:

to yourself;

to.

addideris, 63,
in gratiam
to

good terms.
ii.

7.
8. 9.

laedendi, 73,
te, obj.

of necare.

bibere dopends upon delectaris

10.
11.
12.

optem, 60, 2. The third foot is a

generis, 50, animal, in drinking. vel:

i.

2.

46.

even.

dactyl,

tum
:

veni-.

nocens, used as an adjective

mischievous.

13. pcena, 54, iv.

Fable VIII (IV.

3.

18).

contra se
ut
:

to his

own

loss.

4. 6.

when.
51, v.

improbis,

Fable IX
1.

(I. 15).

commutando,

73 and

v.

saepius

quite often.

5. Is refers to

senex.

6. fugere depends upon suadebat; the regular construction would be, ut fugeret. num, 71 and i. binas, ^ 18, ii. 2. stolidhj. 7. lentus 8. impositurum, sc. esse.
:

9.

mea,

50, iv. 4, first note.

iii.

10. cui, 51,

portem,
Fable

61, 3.

meas

mine and no

more.

(I. 8).

1.

3.

meriti, 47, iv. 1. pretium pay. Begin with deinde in the next place,
:

41,

ii.

jam
longum

non,
5.
7. 8.

41,

II. 2.
:

singulos one after another. jurejurando, 14, il 2.

coUi longitudinem

a graphic expression for

coUum. 10. quo refers to the act performed by from pango which had been agreed upon.
:

the crane.

pactum,

NOTES

PH^DRUS.
(III. 9).

219

Fable XI
1. 2.

nomen,

sc. est.

aedis means an apartment, and therefore a temple, which

consists of a single apartment;

wliich consists of several apartments.

4.

cedo

submit.

but the pkiral means a house, fundasset, 33, iii. 1.

cinis, in apposition with

when ashes ; the expression

bodies of the dead.
5.

refers to the

ego understood custom of burning the

:
:

e populo,
I.

50,
sc.

II.

end.

nescio quis
num
is

somehody or
i.

other,

67,
6.

1,

note

dixit.

The

interrogative particle

omitted, 71,

end.

FableXII
2.

(IV. 16).

finxit has for obj. the fable which foUows.

II. first

consolandi,

73,
3.

note.
6.

navis, subj. of ccepit, v.

4. 5.

vectorum
mutatur:
ferri

those on board, sailors

and passengers.

this

passive
3.

is

rendered into English by the

neuter verb changes, 23,

6.
III. 2.

and extollere dcpend upon ccepit.

oo^poc,

flatibus,

44,

8.
9.

sophus, the Greek

parce, the adverb
;

wise.

the verb (imperat.) would be parc.

note.
(III. 5).

10.

miscet, 49,

i. first

Fable XIII
2.

quidam

petulans, a saucy fellow.

3. tanto, 54, v. end. melior, sc. copper money worth about a cent, 84.

es.

assem, a

piece of

4. 5.

mehercule:
its
:

scan, m'ercule.

possis, 69, note;

unde

is

a relative adverb

=a

quo,

having for
6.
,

antecedent

eum

understood, obj. of monstrabo.

his impudence failed in

9.

venit is coming. spes fefellit, etc. hopefailed;

:

i.

e.,

its

hopes.
10.

cruce, 50, iv.

2, note.

Fable
3.

XIV

(I.

24).

5.

magnitudinis, objective genitive after invidia, bove, than the ox ( 54, v.). an whether.
:

220
7.

LATIN READER.

for

negaverunt, 33, iii. 1. This word is used negarunt dico non say no. uter, lohicli of the two, would be more correct. 8. Quis
: :

bovem,
9.

sc.

esse majorem.
:

novissime
corpore,

at last, 41,

10.

54, x.

jacuit: fell dead.

(1.2).
in

i.

FableXV
1.
;

Athenae, Atliens: many names of towns

Latin are plural,

and take a plural verb but in English they require a singular verb. mixed np or dislurhed. 2. miscuit when party faciions were 4. factionum partibus, 50, i. 3
:

formed
5.

(abl. absolute).
:

Pisistratus

a tyrant of Athens, b.c. 560.

The word

tyrant

meant merely usurper, and did not iniply oppressive or harsh rule. Pisistratus was, on the whole, a mild and popular ruler; but his sons were less discreet, and were cxpelled by a revohition (b.C. 510), when the government of Athens became a democracy.
6.

7.

Attica was the country belonging quia and quoniam, 43, 6.

Attici

to Athens.

8.
9.

insuetis
rettulit
I.,
:

dative aiter grave. the t

is

doubled in order to make the e long

see

78,
12. 14.
]

note.
64,
i.

compesceret,

quod

refers to tigillum.
:

vadis,

51,

ii.

6.

18.

20.

a good lohile, 17, v. 2. explorato, 72, ii. after scrutinizing the Idng. supra governs lignum by poetical usage, it here foUows
diutius
:

the

word

it

governs.
:

22.

rogantes

i.e.
i.
;

messengers.
its subj. is
iii.

23. esset, 63,

is understood.

26. fugitant, 36, 27.

:

inertes: fools. Mercurio Mercury was the messenger of the gods. contra, an adverb in 51, iEsopus. 53. 30. cives,
the
28. afflictis,

v.

reply.

ait, sc.

FableXVI(Y.
1.

5).

labi

go astray.
:

2. 3.

pro, etc.

pcenitendum,

while they defend the error oftheir judgment. agi depends upon solent. 73, iv.

5.

cunctos, a contractibn of conjunctos

all together.

NOTES
6.

PH^DRUS.

"

221

quisque

is

subj. of

posset, but tbe Englisb idiora requires

tJiat

tbat

it

sboukl be connected witb ostenderet:

each shoidd show

what novelty he coidd. 7. laudis limits certamina.

8.

sale: salt

icit;
(

urbano

sale

neatwit.
ii.
:

10.

prolatum foret

= esset),
vacua.
note.

67,

11.
12.

civitatem, used as a collective noun

the citizens.

PauUo ante
adjutoribus,
ipsa:
verij

qualifies

13. constitit, 57, 14. 15.

iii. first
:

54, x.

render with no assistants.

ir.

or mere, 20,

near tbe end.

sinum: tbe pallium was a Greek garinent, like a large it bung in loose folds over tbe breast, forming a kind of sbawl
16.
;

bag, called sinus, hay.

17. sua, sc.

voce.
sc.

18.

verum,

porcellum.
pallium,

pallio,
i.

51, v.

19. excuti, sc.

67,

end.

simul,

sc.

atque

as

'soon as.
21.

prosequuntur

i.e.,

as be leaves tbe stage.

26
28.

derisuri, 64, v.

5.
it

plausus: used for tbe singular, applause, because

ex-

presses

many

acts.

29. sese, 52, vi. 30.

vestimentis,

54,
:

i.

quod

refers to

porcellum obtigere
com. et incom.)
:

as in fact he did.

31. latens: iindiscnverecl. 32. vero, 51,

i.

(dat.

of a

real

pig , see

v. 18.

FableXVII
2. 5. 6.

(11.8).

venatorum,
Hic, adverb.

latenti,
ii.

44, iii. 1

subjective genitive.
sc.

cervO.

cucurreris, 63,

7.
8.
9.

spiritum vos you

:

hreath

life.
ii.

at least, 49,
:

occasione data
:

10. 14. 15.

an opportunify is given. excipiunt follows. vices the turn, or cliange. Nec ille, etc. and he, too, saw nothing. agere gratias quietis: i.e., which had^kept silent.
ivhen

return

thanks.
17.

quidem

to he svre.

18. ille, subj. of venerit.

venerit,

57,

iii.

222
19.

LATIN READER.
vertetur corruptos

= imll
:

be.

21.

growii thin.

frondis

limits

parum,

50,

ii. 4.

26. familia: slaves.

Fable XVIII (Appendix,

1.

II. 8).

rustici, sc. muris, limits cavo.

2.
4.
5.

glande,

54,

i.

after cenat.

rebus,

54, vi.

The

fifth

foot

is

a dactyl, -tur relL

reliquiis,

54,

iii.

perfruuntur,
7.

57,

iii.

second note.
refers to

Quo

agrees with strepitu.

ivhen.

11. JJt

=
:

quae

ea understood, which

is

gov-

erned by sustulit.
13. ille
i.e.,

rusticus.

14. prae

metu: forfear.
:

16. ferculis

the courses at

a meal,

i.e.,

the dishes.

fruamur,

68,
17.

I.

ruri, in the country;

rure properly means /rom the country, but stands here for, 55, iii. and 3, note. quseras, 60, 2.

18. qui, subj. of nescis.

19. et connects

20.

securum and liberum. tutum vivere is subj. of prcestat.

to he

21. carpi:

worn

out.

FableXIX
1.

(IV. 21).

doctus

learned, or, rather, educated.

2.

Simonides, one of the greatest of the Greek poets, born in

m the sixth century b.c. egregium, from e and grex: one out of the herd, i.e., distinguished for excellence. melos a Greek noun in the neuter gender used here for the
the island of Ceos,
:

plural, songs; the English

word melody
;

is

derived from

this.

3 sustineret, 64, ii. depends upon coepit circumire. 4. scan circ'ire. nobiles, from nosco well-known

or

famous.
5. canens we should say, receiving pay for singing. victorum, i.e., in the public games, which were established among
:

the Greeks, for races, contests of strength,

9.

skill, etc.

See

Ilb. 112.

quam

refers to

navem, and
;

is

governed by dissolvit.
sea.

10.

12.
13.

medio, 47, viii. subsidium, 46,

curiosior
:

the

middle of the

ivith

some

curiosity.

NOTES
14.
17.

JULIUS C^SAR.
:

22^

mecum,

21.

22. 72,

24.

pauci {only) afew, Simonidis. maximus, 17, v. absentis, sermone ab ipso from his very speech. cognitum, of the passengers. tabulam shipwrecked ceteri

19, end.
:

Clazomenae

a city in Asia Minor.

sc.

4.

I.

the rest

persons used to carry about a picture representing the shipwreck,

and beg alms.

JULIUS C^SAR.
Caius Julius Cjesar was born b.c. 100, and assassinated
B.c 44.

For a general account of

his character

and of

his

Gallic campaigns, see Latin Lessons, p. 73.

The campaigns

of Ca^sar in Gaul

lasted

through eight

seasons, b.c. 58-51, and are told in eight books (the last written by Hirtius, an officer of Csesar), each containing the

operations of a single year.

The

following

is

a brief outline

of these campaigns.
I.

Cffisar

Western Gaul, and

to their

own

checks the attempt of the Helvetians to colonize in forces them, after a bloody defeat, to return He then engages with territory (see Latin Lessons).

a powerful tribe of Germans,

in Eastern Gaul,

who had made a military settlement and drives them, with their chief Ariovistus,

beyond the Rhine.

formidable conspiracy of the northern populations of suppresscd, with the almost complete extermination of the have bravest Belgian tribe, the Nervii, in a battle which seems to In this been the most desperate of all Cajsar ever fought. campaign, the coast towns of the west and northwest (Brittany)
II.

Gaul

is

are reduced to submission.

who

mountaineers of the Alps, armies on their march, the chief opera(Yeneti, etc.) tions are the conquest of the coast tribes of Brittany shallow tidein a warfare of curious itaval engineering in the
III. After a brief conflict with.the

attacked the

Roman

water

and among the rocky shores. During the season, the population, allied tribes of the south-west (Aquitani), a mining officers. to the Iberians or Basques, are reduced by one of Ca3sar's
inlets

224

LATIN READER.
is

IV. An attack from the Germans on northern Gaul and Cassar follows theni, by a bridge of timber hastily
the Rhine.
for a visit of exploration.

repulsed

built, across

lleturning, he crosses to Britain in the early autumn,

V. The partial conquest of Britain (second invasion) is followed by various movements in northern Gaul, in which the desperate condition of the lioman garrisons is relieved by the prudent and brave coiiduct of Labienus and Quintus Cicero.
the

VI. Caesar makes a brief expedition across the Rhine, against Germans. Sonie general disturbances are quelled, and
is

northern Gaul

reduied to peace.
at length

VII. Vercingetorix, a brave and high-spiritcd chief of southern

Gaul, effects a conspiracy of the whole country, which
is

subdued.
self,

Vercingetorix, in brilliant equipment, surrenders him-

to secure the quiet of the country,

and

is

taken in chains to

liorne,

where he
subdued

is

afterwards put to death in Ca3sar's triumph.

VIII. Sh"ght insurrections, breaking out here and there, are

easily
;

and the subjugation of Gaul

ia
tlie

is

made complete.
of these

It

was the custom of Ca3sar,

intervals
visit his

campaigns, to pass the winterin Italy, or to

province

of Illyria, keeping himself informed of the politieal affairs of

Rome, and
there,

the

movements of Pompey,
at

vvho held the chiefpower

and was

one time the sole consul.

At

the close

of the Gallic war, being jealous of Ca2sar's power, the party of

Pompey

required that he should di?band his army.

to

Tliis

he refused

do,

unless

surrender of military

Pompey force. From

Pompey

should
these

make an equal
tlie

demands grew the

Civil

suspicion of false play on each side, until

War

broke out (u.c. 49), and

fled to

Greece, where he

was defeated the following year

at Pharsalia.

The

first

expedition to Britain was in the fourth year of

Cai3ar's command in Gaul, b.c. 55. The early part of the summer was occupied with campaigns in Northern Gaul and Germany. It was known to Ca^sar that the Gauls received
aid, or at least

sympathy, from their kindred

it

in Britain

he

determined, therefore, although

was too

late for

a regular
little

campaign. to pay a

visit

to

the island, of which very

was known beyond the

fact that it

was inhabited,

like

Gaul,

NOTES
by
Celts.

JULIUS C^SAR.

22^

" His object was to obtain a personal acquaintance

its

with the country,

chiefs

and people

to thrust himself in

some way into them as might

their affairs,

and establish such relations with

(Merivale.)

afFord a convenient pretext for further inter-

ference at a future time."

The Cehs
of the race, Britons
still

of Southern Britain were of the

Cymric branch

uow

represented by the remnants of the early

occupying Wales and Cornwall. It would appear

that the Celts of

Belgium and Armorica were also Cymric

this race.

while the rest of the Gauls, like the inhabitants of Ireland,

belonged to the Gaelic branch of

PAGK

II*
9.

6.

parte, 54, x.

contendit,
ii.

58,

i.

bellis

55,

i.

subministrata,

sc.

esse, 34,

10. inde, i.e.

a Britannia.
57; sliould he
insiifficient.

11. deficeret,

12. usui, 51, VII.

we should

say,

for

its

subject the substantive clause si

iii,
;
;

fore has of great service. cognovisset.

. . .

13. adisset, 57,

14. fere docs not

we should say, sliould visit. 58, ii. mean almost (which is prope) but for the
,

most part.
15.

Neque;

43, 10 and 11.

temere,

witliout special object.

IC. his ipsis, dat. after

notum.
Galhc and
i.

18. Gallias, plural, becausc of the subdivision into

Belgic.
19.

^vocatis, 72, 3
. .

having called.
.

neque

neque, neither
iii.

nor.

esset
i.,

( 67,

1) de-

pends upon reperire.

21. institutis, 54, 22.

ad depends upon idonei, navium, i.e., ships of war, etc.

24.

51,

note.

majorum
ii.

cognoscenda,
risk.

73,

and

iv.

facerat,

62,

hefore

running any

27. se refers to the subject of the principal clause, Csesar.

quam primum,
70,
i.

17, v. 5, as soon as possihle.

revertatur,

12.

1.

Morinos
is

the Morini inhabited Flanders and Artois. just

where Gaul

nearest Britain.

2 26

LATIN READER.
3.

quam classem, 48, iii., 2d. note. superiore, /o?'m6r. ad,ybr; the war with the Yeneti, who lived on the coast of Brittany, had been chiefly naval. 5. jubet, 68, iii. sc. classem.
4.
6.

l^.

per mercatores,
inf.

54,
i.
;

i.

end.

7.

polliceantur, 64,
;

polliceantur

is

here followed by

the pres.
10.

an unusual construction, see

55.
iii. 2.
ii.

67, iii.

and

2.

domum,

11. remittit, 57,

tliese

Commium;
good

Saulcy
faith,

is

of opinion that

negotiations were not in

and that Commius

himself had a secret understanding with the Britons,

12. ibi, i.e.,

in Atrebatibus; the Atrebates were east of the

Morini.
13.

quem,
magni,

67,

i.

2.

14. in his
15.

regionibus,
54, ix. 1.
II.

16. possit, 66,

adeat,

huic,

i.e.,

Britain.
51, iii.

64, iv.

civitates,
people,

52,

ii.
;

1.-

17. fidem, faith,

and so a promise of
se, i.e., Csesar.

faithful protection
is

to

folloio or accept the protection of the

themselves to them.
19. 20,

Roman
i.,

to siibmit

quantum,
II.

sc.

tantum,
ii.

22,

as

much

as.

ei, to

one,

20. auderet,
subj.).

63,

(There

is

slight

reproach in

this

21. die, 55,

i.

24. vigilia: the

Roman

night, betAveen sunset

;

and

sunrise,

was

divided, for military pur[)Oses, into four watches

the third watch

therefore would average 3 a.m.

solvit, sc. naves.

at this season,
Itius,

somewhat earher.

from whith the expedition sailed, is identified by the Emperor Napoleon III. with Boulogne by Merivale and Saulcy, with Witsand, a village between BouPortus

logne and Calais.

Witsand {white .mnd) was during the middle

;

ages the chief port of embarcation for England now blocked up with sand. The name Itius

but
is

its

harbor

is

probably con-

nected with itus

27. esset, 62,

set,

the harhor for hora; the d^y, between

transit.
i.
;

sunrise and sun-

was divided into twelve hours wouhl be between 8 and 9 a.m.

30. Cujus, 48, IV.

the fourth hour at this season,

31. angustis, i.e., near the shore.


NOTES
13.
2.

JULIUS

C^SAR.

22/

The tribuni were

the regular comniauders of the legion,

six to each legion, holding the

couimand

ibr

year (Ilb, loo).

They were
were

originally appointed

two nionihs in ihe by the com-

mander, but

at this time

j^artly

comitia of the tribes.

Tlie legati
;

chosen by the people in the were aids of the general, with

of the

no regular command
battle (B. G.
i.

but on account of the inexperience

tribunes, Cicsar appointed a legatus to

command each

legion in

52), and after this time each legion was regularly a legatus.

commanded by
4.

cognosset,

66,

i.

ut

as,

depending on adminis-

trarentur.
5. rei militaris ratio, the rules of miUtary science; ratio, from reor, to calculate, mcans the process of calculation, and so

the rule or principle reasoned out.

6.

maritimae

res, naval tactics.

ut cum, since

ut

is

used to strengthen

cum.
idea, at the verij

7. ad nutum et ad tempus form a combined moment of command. 8.

administrarentur,

64, iv.
;

10.

passuum,

18, 3

the passus, pace, was a

little

under

live feet, so that the

thousand paces, or Ronian mile, was some-

what shorter than our mile.

11. litore, 54, X.

Hb.

The

187.

fleet

had

at first arrived opposite

Dover
this

a calculation of the tides shows that in the afternoon of

;

Foreland, the
13.

day the tide made for the East after doubhng the South fleet found itself at the beach of Deal (Merivale).

quo genere,
;

i.e.,

essedariis, those
war-chariot.

who fought from

the

essedum, or two-wheeled
14. copiis

exception to 54,

15. nostros, 47, iii. note.

vent.

ii. Note to " Accompaniment." prohibebant, aiiempted to pre-

16.

magnitudinem,

54,

i. first

note.

17. nisi in alto, except in deep water.

it

militibus,
etc.

51

viii.

was necessary for the soldiers to leap down, 18. locis and manibus, 54, x. 20. desiliendum, 73, i.
21. hostibus, 54,
ii.

third note.

23. conjicerent, 61, 2.

24. insuefactos,

i.e.,

to going into the water.

25. generis, 50, ni, 2.

27. uti and

utebantur, manifest.

228
32.

LATIN READER.
tormentis
;

the Roinan

armies

carried wlth

gines for hurling stones, darts, &c., so efficient that they

lairly

them enmay be

reckoned as a substitute for modern

artillerj.

33.

quae
1.

res, 48, v.
iii.

14:.
3.

nostris, 47,

note,

and

constiterunt, were ckecked.

little.

1)

paulum modo, a very

5.

v. note.

ao,

and more than

that ( 43,

qui relates to

is

understood, subj. of inquit.

aquilam,
;

the silver eagle, introduced

carried
6.

by Marlus

as standard of the legion

7.

by the chief centurion, or primipilus (Hb. 158). Dativus commodi et incommodi. legioni, 51, i. vultis, 59, i. ii. and note, Desilite, 58, iii.

iii.

8. certe, 41,
9.

ii.

3.
iii.
;

praestitero, 57,

i.e., will

be able to say that I have

(uni versi,
all

done
12.

my

duty.

inter se, one another.

universi

turned

into one), all ivith one accord.

13.

proximis primis,

the nearest ships ofthefirst line.

14. subsecuti. i.e., those

16.

Pugnatum

est, the hattle

on board. was fought, or

ship,

the fight went on,

39, 5.

18. aiius alia

ex

navi,

onefrom one
i.

anotherfrom another,
is iis

47, IX.
19.

quibuscumque,

21,

note

its

antecedent

(signis)

understood, dt-pendmg on aggregabat.

26.

speculatoria navigia; swift boats, used for exploring and

rcconnoltring.
27.

quos

his, 48,

iii.

end.

Notice the use of the imperfect

tense through

tlils

description, indicating that these circumstances

took place again and again.

28. simul, sc. atque, as soon as, 43, 9.

30. 31.

neque potuerunt, but were not ahle. insulam capere, reach the island; the transports contain-

ing the cavalry had been detalned.

15.

3.

The omission of
Recta;
67,
ii.

very common.
in Oratio

imperasset stands
it

the conjunction et [after miserunt]

for

is

imperaverit

(fut. perf.)

becomes phip.

subj.
.

by

57

(after poUiciti
67,
iii. 2.

sunt) and
5.

(after

facturos esse)

facturos,

quem,

52, vi.


NOTES
7.
9.

JULIUS C^SAR.

22^

oratoris
in

11.

modo, in the character of an ambassador. petenda pace, 73, v. ut ignosceretur, sc. iis, that pardon should be given them,
;

ignosco governs the dat. (ut ignosceret III. second note and therefore cannot be used personally in the pass. ut ignoscerentur would be bad Latin. ignoscere,"sc. se, 67, 14. intuUssent, after quod, 63, 1.
51,
iis),
;

I.

end.
15.

imperavit,
ii.

sc.

iis,

demanded of them,

51, iii.

end.

quorum, 50,
21.

1.

16. arcessitam, which

had
note.
;

to befetched, 72, 1.
iii.
;

post
;

quam,
ii.

56,
i.

it

might also be die quarto

postquam
25.

see 55,

23. supra, 56,

end

see p. 12.

ex superiore portu,
earum,
II.

the cavalry

had

sailed

from a point
aUae,

eight miles east of that from which the infantry had started.
27.
50,
ii.

2.

posset,
;

65,

i.

aliae

22,
29.

occasum,

56, ii. 1.
II.

30. sui, 19,

and

iii.

50, iii.

to themselves.

sidversa.

nocte, 54, x., allhough the night was unfavorahle. this full moon has been determined by 32. ut esset, 70, ii.
;

astronomical calculations to have been on the night of August 30. it will be remembered that there are no tides in 33. gestus
;

the Mediterranean,

so that this

phenomenon was strange and

appalling to the

Romans.
the

10.
veyed.
7.

2.

transportandum curaverat, had had

iii.

army

con-

essent, 63,

11.

Neque;
,

it

is

often best in translating to divide this

;

word

and join the negative with some other word for on the one hand there were no other, etc. 11. possent, 65, IV. 2. 13. constabat, it was an established fact; its subjeet is oportere that of oportere is hiemari in GalUa. hiemari 14. his in locis the preposition often stands after the first word

(=

et non)

it

governs,
20.

when
54,

this is a
I.
;

pronoun agreeing with a noun.

this reason.

hoc,

for

22. factu, 74,

ii.

duxerunt.

thought, has for

its

subject,

principes.

230

LATIN READER.
meaning
note.
in different connections
;

24. res has a great variety of

here

hostilities.

25. inferendi, 73,

31. eventu,/a^e. 32. id

is

ex eo quod, /rom
hegan
iii.

iii. first

tlds (thefact), that.

subject of fore.
to suspect.

33. suspicabatiir,

17.
6. 7.

3.

earum,
. .

48,

top of p. 58.

administraretur,
reliquis
.

63,

iii.
;

posset, 70
74, 1,
1.
iii.

a substantive clause governed

by

effecit.
9.

frumentatum,
50,
III.

neque,

43,

i.

note.

10. belU,

12. ventitaret,
14.

36,

quam oonsuetudo
partem,
48,
iii.
iii.

ferret, than

was customary.

15.

16. consilii,
17.

50,

some new design.

The cohort was

(Ilb.

the tenth part of a legion, containing six

;

hundred men
26.

158)

one cohort was posted at each of the

lohile they

four gates of the

camp
. .

(Ilb. 160).

dispersos

occupatos,
i.

were scattered, etc.

28. incertis ordinibus, 54, x.

expressing the reason.

32.

equorum,

50,

33. insinuaverunt, 57,

iii.

18,
6.

3. ita

ut, in such a loay that.

illi,

the warriors.

praestant, they display or unite.

atfull speed.

8. incitatos,

11. rebus, 18.

under

these circumstances

brevi, in a m,oment. nostris, 51,

11.

occupatis, while our men were husy, so that they could not attend to matters, the country-people [see p. 17, 1. 11] left their homes, and got out of their reach.
20. dies, 55,
i. i.
;

21. continerent, 65, 25. sui, 73,

II.

stich

as kept, &c.

note.
.
. .

30.

The

substantive clause ut
is

effulgerent

is

in apposition

with idem, which

the subject of fore.

11.

10.
10.

3.

spatio, 55,

end.
is

aequinoctii; the scason of the equinox

15.

eosdem

quos,

the

same

as.

reliquae,

usually stormy.

sc.

ceperunt.

; ;

NOTES
The
regular
first

JULIUS C^SAR.

23I

invasion of Britain was only a reconnoissance

54,

the following suminer, b.c.

Cajsar determined upon a

invasion of the
in

country.

The

eariy part of the

season was speut

some unimportant operations, and rneanliad

while his lieutenants

been preparing a strong

fieet of

war shii>s and transports. July 20, accordiiig to the Emperor Napoleon III., he sailed from the Tortus Itius both startingpoint and hinding-place were the same as the } ear before
;

Boulogne or Witsand, and Deal.

21. Africo, the south-west

wind blew from Africa to

in consequence of.

Italy.

24. aecntos, foUowing,

27. fuit

i.e.,
11.

laudanda,

40,

28. vectoriis, ablative absolute, although, etc.

long ships of

war were of course

swifter than the transports.

30.
9.

3.

quae, ofivhich.

octingentae,
iv.
;

54, v. note.
i.

praesidio, 51, vii.

I.

essent, 64,
navibus,
51,

10. eo, 54,

navibus, 51,
11.
i.

12. praesidio, 51, v.

i.

note

praesidium

over the

guardfor (or of)

the ships.

Q., 85.
it

depending on

13. milia, 55,

19. belli, 54,

second note.
;

ut videbatur, as

seemed.

20. succisis, 72, 2

abattis,

bi/

felling thick timber, so as to

make an

21. Ipsi rari, afeio

23.

The testudo

(so called from

ofthem, a fcw being sufficient. its resemblance to the

shell

of

a tortoise) was formed by a close body of

sliields

men who

held their

over their heads, overlapping in such a way, hke the

shingles

on a

roof, as to

complete protection against the enemy.

form an unbroken surface, and an almost Under this they were

able to approach very near the enemy's works,

and carry on their

prosequi, which

own

engineering.
the soldlers.

26. eos,

longius

qualifies

governs fugientes.
30. diei, 50, end.

tripertito, derlved from tres and partio

is

the

common

spelling
the

tripartito.

33.

extremi,

hindmost of the enemy.

i.e.,

^1.4.

subsisterent,

as they said, 63,

i.

this is

one of the

rare cases in which the imp. subj.

may be

best rendered coiild.

232
13.
etc.

NOTES
viderentur
: ;

JULIUS C^SAR.
say,
it

fabros

we should
legioii

oppeared

tliat tlie rest

could,

each

had

vvith it

a nuiiiber of workpeople.

14. Labienus was Ca3sar's best officer, who had conimand in Gaul during Caesar^s absence in Britain in the civil war he
;

ioined

the faction
15.

ofPompey.

legionibus, 54, i.-sunt: 66, we might expect the but the statement is considered 11. as an independent one, not a part of the subjunctive clause. 17. operae, 50, i. 2.- 54, n. end.

mdicative by 66,

commodissimum,

47, IV.
19.

(3).

ne

quidem,

41,

n.

5.

20. ad, in relation to, orfor.

27. Cassivellaunus

(the

Welsh Cadwalion) was

Roman orthography for the British or chief of the tribes about London, and to
.

the North; his chief city was probably St. Albans. 29. Huio, 51, V.

'^
10. 15. 17.

1.

connect ipsa with insula, and

i.e. tin.

memoria

with proditum.

plumbum album,
fas
is

that which

is

quam,

17, v. 2.

frigoribus,
;

permitted by the laws of God.

tJie

seasons of cold.
is

19. alter, one oftlie two

the correlative

inferior.

20.
22.

Cant-ium,

Keiit, the soutli-east

corner of England.

Alterum

Cassar supposed the western coast of England to

be opposite Spain.
24. dimidio, 54, v. end. 25. pari spatio

54,

II.,

ablative of description or
;
.

transmissus, of an equal
quality.

lengtTi

of pa^sage,

26. atque, as, following pari, 43, 9.

27.

Mona, probably Man

objectae
;

the same

name was given

on
tJie

also to

Anglesea.
28.
;

lying opposite to one,

i.e.,

passage.
is

29. dies

a true report from the high northern latitudes

ignorantly applied to the Orkney and Shetland Islands.

31. nisi, except
tliat.

certis

mensuris, hy accurate mea-

surements hy the water-clock, or clepsydra.

23
4.

3.

maxime,

in general.

12.
14.

These distances are all considerably more than the air-line. vitro, woad, a plant used for dyeing blue. capillo and parte are abl. of description or quality, 54, 11.
i.

18. fuerint, 57,

first

note.

NOTES
26

JULIUS C^SAR.
;

233

atque

iis,

and

these too

the

first

cohort of cach legion was

made up of picked men, and

stood higher in rank than the others.

;

the object of this close 27. inter se belongs with intermisso order was to prevent the essedi froni penetrating between the
cohorts.
29.

constitissent,

61, 2.

perruperunt, i.e. the enemy. 30. Q. Laberius Durus, 15. 31. submissis, sent up, i.e., sent as

aid.

24,
4.
9. (i.e.,

1,

pro, infront of, not in defence

of

esse, were, 57, iv.

Equestris,

etc.

moreover, the

for chariots)

brought precisely
well as

mode of fighting with horses the same peril upon them

the subject of

when retreating as
11.

when purstdng.
;

Accedebat huc
II.
;

ut, hesides

accedebat

is

ut, etc, 70,

literallj, there

was added

to this, that.

12. stationes, relays.

deinceps exciperent, relieved one after the other. legionibusque, i.e., they followed the foragers quite to the main armv. 31. consilio, i.e., of not coming again to a general engagement. 33. atque lioc aegre, and that with dirfficulty.
13. 21. signis

25,
II.

2.

instructas

is

here a participle, not an

infinitive,

34,

end.
3. praefixis, driven in

infront of the hank. " The swimming and fording of rivers were among the regular exercises of the lioman legionary. Though immersed up to his chin in water, he was cxpert in plying his hatehet against the stakes which opposed his progress, while he held his buckler over his head not less steadily than on dry land. Behind him a constant storm of stones and darts was impelled against the enemy from the engines which always accompanied the Roman armies "
8.

(Merivale)
9.

Tlie cavalry did not

form a part of the legion, but were

kept out of the

Gallic auxiliaries.
lo.

servabat, watched.

ex via excedebat,

road.
24. discedi, 26.

hostibus,

39, 5; that any one shoidd depart. 51, iii. second note.

29. his, the inhabitants of Kent.

30. castra navalia, see p. 21.

de improviso, unexpectedlj.

234

LATIN READER.
7.

2G.
8.

extrahi

dragged

out,
Tjear.

in

annos singulos,

each

vectigalis, 50,

ii. 3.

13. 15.

deductis, launched.

commeatibus, yassages.
navigationibus, ablative absolute, although,
the
etc.

17. tot

The

passage from

Sixth Book of the Gallic War,

is

describing the people of Gaul and Germany,

one of the

earhest and most important sources of iuformation in regard

to these races.

37.

redeat, 64, i. shall be referred. egerent, 70 in apposition with ejus rei. egeret, 57, i. sccond note. 11. auxilii, 50, iv. 5.
9.

10.

ne

12. faciat,
14.

59, iv.

3.

summa,

the constitution.

15. Tlie passage

omitted speaks of the two great factions of

"svhich

Gaul, at the head of one of

other the Sequani
;

in this contest the iEdui

getting upon thelr side the decisive

18. loco, in the jjosition.

had stood the ^Edui, of the had succeeded in influence of Rome.

at no consultation, i.e.. Enghsh, the collective noun

19.

nuUo

consilio, are

summoned
;

are consuUed upon no occasion

common

peojile rcquires a plural verb.

Qnoney, i.e., debt

22. in hos, over these, i.e., 23.

aere alieno, plerique. dominis

in

another^s

(sc.

sunt).

duobus;

see

hne

17.

25. religiones, the doctrines of rehgion. 28. eos, the Gauls.

30.

admissum, committed ;
iii.

32. si qui, 21,

end

a frequent meaning of this word. the usual form would be quis, when

used without a noun, 21, ii. 33. decreto, 54, i., in accordance with their decision. sacrificiis, 54, vi. sc. eos, they forbid them the sacrifices.

38.
12.

5.

incommodi

hmits quid.

Carniitum, a tribe south-west of Paris, in the neighbourthe hood of Chartres and Orleans ; this part of France abounds at
present day in druidical remains. Cymric origin IG. Brittannia; this is taken as a proof of the
of Druidism.

reperta,

67, iv. 1;

it

might equaUy weU be

di^ciplinam repertam esse.

NOTES
22.

JULIUS C^SAR.

235

immvLnitatem, freedom fi^om burdens (munus

= burden)
altliougli.

23. praBmiis, ^^^'ivi/eges.

27. litteris

mandare, commit
efferri, to be

to writing.

cum,

28. rationibus, relations. 30. in

vulgus

divulged to theimblic.
is

31. velint,

63,

i.

it

the

consideration whicli led to

to

Instituisse.

litteris confisos,
III.
;

by trusting
;

documents.

20.
2.

1.

hoc, 51,

end

(sc. iis)

ab

aliis, etc.

tbis is the doctrine

persuade them ofthis. of metempsychosis, or

that
there is
the

the transmigration of souls.

4.

maxime
.

excitari,

67,

iv.

2,

chief

incitement to virtue.
11. uti 13.
14.
.
.

propulsarent,

in apposition with

quod.

versantur, occupy or devote themselves. ambactos; this word is perhaps of Celtic origin, and
retainers.

means
23.

reddatur,

30. sint,

66, 69, note.

11.

33.

Deum,

10,

6.

Mercurium;
knowledge.

i.e.,
;

the god

who

pos-

sessed the attributes of the lloman

Teutates.

Mercury

his Gallic iiame

was

30.
16.

8. initia, thefirst

auderet, 57, iii. end. Dis is usually identified 18. ab Dite patre, 54, vii. note with the Grcek Pkito, the god of the lower world it is a curious
;

fact that

both words mean rich.

because the race came from the dark
light.

19.

Ob eam causam;
noctium;

lower world into the

21.

as in our fortnight, se^^nnight.

finiunt,

limit,

and so rechon.
30.

communicant, theyjoin with or add

conjunctim, etc, a joint account

to.

31.

is kept.

fructus,

the

interest.

32. utriusque, possessive genitive.

31.
4.

1.

vitae, etc.

this

was

also the case. in

Rome.
man-

ner

de uxoribus, etc, they examine of slaves ; i.e., by torture.

their wives after the

5.
7.

compertum

est, impersonal, if amjthing is proved.

,

pro, cunsidering.

236
9.

LATIN READER.
supra hauc memoriam, hefore our day. coinplete; i.e., tliis was necessary
7'ites

11. justis,

to the complete-

ness

translate, to render their funeral

complete.

14.

sanctum,

established, i.e., the clause

affairs.

15. re

publica, puhlic

rumore

which foUows.

aut fama, vague

mmor
20,

or dejinite report.

22.
24.

quee visa sunt ivhat it seems good, sc. occultare. per consilium, in the ivay of a regular assemhly. This paragraph is taken from Book iv. ch. 5.
;

31.

quorum,
7.

50, iv.

3.

in vestigio,

at once.

39.
9.

ah

inter

from boyhood. suos, among their companions.

pa.r-valis,
its

14.

The

joint proprietorship of land, here described, with its

annual distribution, finds

countries of the
17.
19.

analogies in India, Russia, and other

Aryan race (See Maine's Anc. Law. ch. viii.) quantum agri how much land and in ivhat locality. The true cause is probably that the property belonged
.
.

to

the clan, not to individuals.

20. gerundi, 1; top of p. 2.

agricultura, ybr agriculture

the ablative

is

the usual construction with verbs of changing.

21. parare, acquire. 23.

27.

vitandos,

47, 11. (1).

The name of

the Suevi

is
;

gencrally supposed to

mean wan-

dering {sway back and forth)

follow are from the
29. singula,

from

it

is

derivcd the modern

The two paragraphs which Swabia (Baden and Wiirtemberg). first and second chapters of the Fourth Book.
18,
11.

1.

33.
7.
8.

4,

partem,

52, iv., in greatest part.

I.,

officio, 54,

rendcr, accustomed

to.

it

means at all. faciant, is the expLanation given of the word libertate. 10. adduxerunt, 27, iii. 3.
negatives,
13. et corresponds to

omnino, with

63,

i.

neque above.
even.

lavantur,

3d. conj. here.

14. eo, 54, J.,for this reason.

16.

Quin etiam, nay

18. pretio, 54, ix.

20.

summi

laboris, capahle of, etc,

50,

i.

2.

virtutis,
17.

33.

expulsos agrees with finitimos, which

50,
iii. 4.
;

is

subj. of

cedere.

rerum

limits fides

confidence in respect to all things, etc.

NOTES

QUINTUS

CURTIUS.
:

2^7
" Reges ex

34.

3.

Tacltus in his Germania (ch. vii.) says

duces ex virtute inruunt.^' In ch. xi. he speaks more in detail ofthe power of the principes. 12. qui, etc., '' who wish to follow, let ihem present ihemnobilitate,
Tacitus, ch. xiii., describes this custom of 67, ii. 1. personal attachment to a chief, which was one of the principal
selves,^'

elements bf the feudal system.

20. sanctos, inviolable.

26. The Ilercynian Forest was the general name for the mountain region of Swabia, Thuringia, and Bohemia, which separates the waters of the Danube from those of the North Sea

and Bahic.
32. Provinciae, i.e., Gallia Transalpina, the

modern Provence

and neighboring provinces.

35.
at

illis, the Germans. the Gauls expedito,ybr one with no tncnmhrance, i.e., a good walker; the present day, di.-tances are measured in Switzerland, and

2. ipsi,

4.

often in
8.

Germany, by hours, not

tJie

miles.

recta regione, along

course.

12.
17.

hujus Germaniae, i.e., which we are acquainted prodenda, deserving to be, etc.
Probably a hearsay description of the reindeer. elJcs ; the Latin c was probably sounded

with.

19.

25. alces

like

Jc

26. varietas, i.e., the changes at different seasons.

27. mutilae refers to the blunted horns of these animals.

30.
6.

3.

summa
;

species, evenj appearance.

is

uri
its

taken
7.

from these the Swiss canton of Uri name, as Bern did from the bear.
ii.
;

thought to have

specie, 54,

the limiting genitive tauri serves the

purpose of an adjective.
11.

adolescentes, 36,

i., wJiile

growing up.

15. mansuefieri, 37, vii. end. 18.

ab

labris, around the rims.

QUINTUS CURTIUS RUFUS.

The known
precise date of the
;

life

of Quintus

Cnrtius
first

is

not

but
:

it

is

supposed that he lived in the

century

after Christ

he was probably a rhetorician, who selected the

238

LATIN READER.

career of Alexander as a suitable subject for a piece of composition.

As

a hi^tory his work has

its

little
it

value

but from

the grace and brilliancy of

favorite.

style

has ahvays been a.

;

The

first

two books are wanting

the third com-

mences with the year b.c. 333, when Alexander, after his victory on the Granlcus, is about to push on against the
Persian empire.

The

period of Grecian glory

under the supremacy of

Philip of Macedon,

Athens, Sparta, and Thebes was past.

father of Alexander,

had overthrown the liberty of Greece

and was about
to take

in the battle of Chaeronea, b.c. 338,

up anew

the old hereditary

-wslt

against Persia,

when he was
genius

assassinated (b.c. 336), and succeeded by his son Alexander,

then a youth of twenty years.

Alexander,

who had

and

spirit, at

once took up his father's plans.

In 334 he

gained a victory over Darius on the river

then advanced through Asia Minor.

Granicus, and

Early the uext year,

he entered Cilicia

policy, left his advantageous position in

and now Darius abandoned his defensive Mesopotamia, and

meet the invader. This change of policy proved would have been easy to prevent Alexander from crossing the mountains which separate CiHcia from
advanced
to

his ruin, as

it

Syria.

The

following extract begins with the entrance of

Alexander

into Cilicia.

Castra Cyri, 46. 52, iii. (3). The name of this analogous to Enghsh names likc Leicester, Winchester, in whioh the root is Castra, and which date from the Roman occuCyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Empation of Britain.

37.

8.

place

is

pire,
11.

overthrew Croesus b.c. 546.

12. 15.

ab aditu, 54, vi. note. munimenta, object of imitante, which

is

abl. abs.

Memnon was
King.
it

the best general of Darius, and thc originator

:

of his former defensive pohcy

loss to the

he had just died,

an irreparable
;

19. fuit,

icoidd have heen, 59, note.

as

25. viiidicare debuerat, he ought to have defended

we

can-

not form any past tense of ought,

fect infinitive in

we

are obliged to use the per-

English; 57, iv., note.

NOTES
38.
3.
1.

QUINTUS

CURTIUS.

239

vel, even.

cum,

43, has here something of a causal force, and takes

;

the subjunctive
4.
6.

render, rising from the sea.

retreats from the sea.

cornu, sharp point.

8.

mari cedit, eadem, i.e.,

for

it

Cilicia, sc. est.

12. tractu, current.

puro,
is

dean.

quippe, 5mce
in Curtius

this

use
late

of quippe
writers.
15.
19.

quoniam,
etc.
;

very

common

and other

multa,

we

should say, pleasant hanks.

;

Typhon, a
30.
2. 8.
1.

sedes, positions

Thebes,

9, 0.

in app. with

urbium.

fire-breathing monster of mythology.

ipsos, the archers; they were to be as cautious as if

actually

engaged in battle. Tarson: 10, 1.

tum maxime, just

47, viii.
;

at that time.

Mediam,

sc.

urbem,

vapore, the steaming

14.

10.

aliam agrees with oram

Ciliciae limits

oram

understood.

heat, or sultriness.
. . .

decorum

agrees with the clause si

contentum.

cultu seems to refer to the bath, which is contrasted with the luxurious baths of the Romans a simple and easily prepared care
16.
;

ofthe hodij
31.

(Crosby.)
subject of

It is

sometnnes referred to his clothing.

67,
11. 2.

17. ingressi, sc. regis; this genitive limits artus.

Quem,

daturum,

33. penetrarent, 61, 2.

40.

5.

sui, 50,
;

III.

2.
is

11. in

13. sibi,. 51,

16.
19.

manibus, 51, v. end. axticulo, juncture. superbas " which he ordered provocor,
I.

Ciliciam

the acc, because motion

implied in fore.

note.

challenged.

in

them
20.

to bring the

mad
etc.
;

son of Philip to him alive and in chains."

Crosby.

fortunam,
it.

had my fate

in counsel ivith

him;

i.e.,

took

counsel with

21. licet, 39, 1.

arbitrio meo,
i.

hij

my ownpower.

28. ccepere, 49,

end,
11.

30. injuria, unjusfly, 54,

31.

notc.

a latere ipsius, yVow

his

own

side, i.e.,

some among

his fol-

lowerg.

240
33.

LATIN READER.
datunim se is the subject of pronunciari, depending on jus;

serat

this

statement

is

hardly in keeping with the aniiable char-

acter of Darius.

4-1 .
8.

6.

puero comes,

51,

i.

note

Ms companion when
violent, biit
. .

a hoy.

ut, as.

15. id

non praeceps sed strenuum, not ipsum, even this ; i.e., quod
.

powerful.
esset.

16. 18.

22. 24. 25.

sumpturus esset, 66, i. 40. purpuratorum the courtiers, clothed in thc royal purple. in utramque partem, on either side of the question.
;

sumpturus

perseverem,

60,

3.
i.

datum

fuerit, 57,

end.

At, 43, 2. 32. assumpto, havi^ig passed.

27.

4:2.

10.

ab

isto ore
II.

11. isto, 22,

parricidii
tlie

i.e,,

as

depending upon thy

;

life.
is

i.e.,
is

becanse the King

the

father of his country

same word

applied to the murder of

any near relative, or to treason to one^s country. 15. laxa animum, relieve your mind. sollicitudine, 19. permisissent, 59, iv. 2.

44,

11.'

20.

animum,

disposiiion, i.e., towards you.

;

alio, sc.

modo.

27. interclusus etc.

his breath
;

was obstructed.
omitted.

32. matris, 50, iv. 1

eum

is

43.
8.

3.

exspectatione,

54, v.

grates habebant, expressed thanks,

11. utique, especially.

vel, whether

it

was at this Mesopotamia, where he had intended to await the advance of Alexander but, having changed his plan after the death of Memnon, he moved into Syria.
21. artibus, the training or education.
in

Darius

was

that, 43, 3.

time

26. celeritate, sc. tanta.

27. eo, i.e.,

its

banks.
III.

31. cujus, 54,

grave, unwieldy. note. 50,

iv. 6.

44.
3.

otium, a halt. iEsculapius was the god of healing

1.

confidence in his

own

fortune,

by

instituting

Alexander showed his games to him, instead

of to the god of war.

6.

reduced under his power,

suae facta ditionis, were tractus ejus, of that section. note sc. esse. 50, i.
;
;

NOTES
9. alteris castris, hy

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
a second daifs march.
et
11.

24I

14.
17.

quoque,
.

41,

11. 1.

20.

idem (i.e., Parmenio) utrum an, 71.

.
. ;

= at
;

Giice.

tlie

double form

utrumne

is

liardly found, except in poetry.

23. prcelio

the usual spelling

is

with oe.

Darius was in Syria,

;

with a great superiority in nunibers, as well as position

for his

army

consisted largely of cavalry, for wliich this broad plain gave

If the

great advantages.

Greeks waited Avhere they were, on the

other hand, the Persians would be able to bring no larger forces

into battle than they themsclves,

on account of the narrowncss

tico sides.
11

of the ground.
20. circumiri, 52,
11.

2.

ancipiti, on
;

28. vincerentur, 64,

iii.

the

non

does

ot bclong with ne,

,

but corresponds to sed.

40.
native

1.

sede,

abl.

of price

we should
on
p. 32,
1.

say,

had exclianged

his

home for
literas

exile; see note

20.

7. nobilitate,
8.
;

54, iv.

the singular means a letterof the alphabet, the plu-

ral

an

epistle, writings, or literature.

;

12. initi, 72, 2

of having entered upon.

62, 11. 14. eam, subject of dari.

13.

redderetur,

3.

sigillo, 54, x.

18. jussu,

13, 4

such nouns are most often used in acc. or abl.

;

24.

damnaret,
59, IV.
1.

57

in oratio recta, this

would be

si

damnet,

by

28. fidem, sc. esse. 29. velle, sc. Graecos.

30. diversa, to the enemy.

commissum,
;

sc. sibi.

33. futuros, in order that they might be: 64, v. 5.

40.
icill

1.

sanctiTS, holy (not sacred), conscientions.

generally used for a negative assertion

not
;

negat is Darius declares that he

11.

or, refuses, etc.

4. sibi, 5.
6.

51,

III.

end and

imbuisset,
50,

57, iii.

crediturum, 67, neminem, subject of debere.

iv.
sc.

2.

capite, 50, iv. 2, end.

i.

9. fidei,

2.

haberi,
:

eum,

48,

iii.

note.

11. 13.
18.

ipsum quidem, hefor his part. Fama, etc, wars depend upon rumor. more if the custom of the servato
. . .

ancestors were kept.

16

242

LATIN READER.
i.
:

20. obtulerint, 66,

wlio [a* they asserted], etc.

21.

regem,

i.e.,

Alexander.

sua,

i.e.,

of Darius.

30. verius, 47, vii.

47'.

6.

relicta, 10, 2.

fugerent,

65,

11.

wcreflying, not

would fly : the Persians had made a flank movement past the Macedonians, and taken the town of Issus, which Alexander had
just left.
8.

excepti,

left heliind.

19. adesset, sc,

utrum,
iii.

71, 11. note.

22. campis, 55,

24.

cum:

altliougli.

incondita:
:

5.

undisciplined.
to flght.

27. laetus

decernendum esse

glad that he ivas

quod, as ;
32.

a relative, referring to the clause that Ibllows.

33. esset, 57, v.

nec injuria: and not ivithout reason. we should say howflcJde

:

she

is.

4:8,
3.
this

2.

majora, sc, esse.

periculis,
it

54, v.

sicut

dubium
for

esset: as

ivas douhtful, 66,1.

an:
is

use of

an

utrum,

in a single

dependent question,

not

common
4.
6.

in prose.

cum magna

vigilia: see note

laude, 54, 11. first note. on p. 12, 1. 24.

straight horn, with a harsh sound,

10.

The tuba was a long

used for infantry.

13. The stadium, or distance marked out for Greek measure, of about one eighth of a mile.
14.

foot-races,

was a

The agmen (from

ago, 44,

iii.

3)

is

the

army marching;
his steps
its

acies, the line of battle.

Alexander was now retracing

own
this
is

towards Issos, and each army was facing towards 17. etiam, sc, eos, subj. of occurrere.
18.

country.

non mediocris: immoderate;

by which a thing
2.
is

the figure
its

called

litotes,

affirmed by denying
to give orders

opposite.
their positions.

21.

discurrentium,

i.e.,

and take

49.

destinata, 47, iv. (1). it cannot agree with peditibus ( 18, 11. milibus, 46
;

i.

3).

12.

For the Macedonian phalanx

see Ilb. 121

famous military order that ever existed, for

trated force.
17.

was the most compact and concen;

it

assueta;

this

verb

the ablative of means

18.

may be

followed by the dative, or by

pyvzctised in the qffice

of body-guard.

Hyrcania was

east,

Media south of

the Caspian Sea.

NOTES
22.

QUINTUS CURTIUS.

243

Quicquid, sc, lo

24. stabant, rested on.

50.
10.

5.
illi,

et ipsi, these also.

the barbarians towards the mountains, opposed

by the

Agrianians.
14.

quod
" At

is

subj. of incesseretur,

depending on timuerat ne.

17. as to

first

the breadth of practicable road was so confined

lowing the infantry

phalanx.'"
24.

admit only a narrow column of march, with the cavalry folpresently it widened, enabling Alexander to
;

enlarge his front, by bringing up successively the divisions of the

Grote.
louder than
tlie

major exercitus numero:

circumjecta, 47,
11.

numbers would

loarrant.

25.

(2).

28. suspensi, exhausted.

3. olim may refer either to past or to future time either, who had once freed tlie world [a hyperbolical allusion to the Greek wars of freedom], and whose gods, Hercules and Bacchiis, had traversed wide regions ; or, that they would now free the world, and make their way to the limits which these gods had The latter appears to be Crosby^s interpretation, once reached. and is perhaps best, although there is certainly an inconsistency between liberatores and imposituros jugum.

51.

they

9.

gladio* 54, vii.

10.

The umbo,

hoss,

was a metallic point projecting

Boeotians had been vanquished

centre of the shield.

11.

The Athenians and

by Alex-

ander^s father, Philip, in the great battle of Chaironea, five years

before: b.c. 338.

12.

BoeotiaB and urbis

(i.e.,

Thebes) both

limit species.

19.

The

invasion of Darius was b.c. 490, that of Xerxes in 480.

The Persian kings

city earth

sent ambassadors to Greece, demanding of each and water, as symbols of absolute submission. 22. ruinis, from ruo by tearing down. 24. rapto iipoii ichat tliey stole. 27. Irent, 67, 11. 1 in oratio recta it would be ite for the
: :

tense, see 57.

feminis, 51, v. note.

11.

33, decernere, 68,

in eavalry,

The
left

oriental nations excelled greatly

which was the weak point of the Greeks and Romans.

The

battle

upon the Greek

was vigorously contested.


244

LATIN READER.
2.
l.

53,
(p. 50,
8.

10) that the

dextrum: can this mean laevum? We have seen enemy had been driven on Alexander^s right.
23, 3.

conjungi,

9.

ipsi, i.e., the troops

of Parmenio, on the

left centre.

12. simul, sc. atque, 43, 9.

15. riohtino- at a distance,

with arrows, javelins, etc, was

It will

called

eminus

(e

manus)

with the sword, cominus.

Greek mercenaries of Darius were upon be remembered " Greek met Greek." this win"-, towards the sea, so that
that the
20. dimicarent, 61, 1.
27.

Alexander

is

in the centre of the line

here described as making for Darius himself, but the romantic details given here by
;

Curtius are not substantiated by the best authorities. 28. opimum, in allusion to the spolia opima, Ilb. 56.

53,
6.
9.

2. in parcissimis, one of afeiv. similis ruinse, as ifthey had been swept down.

27. in illud

adverso corpore, infront. cornu: on that wing ;

the fight

had been severe

at

this point, until

Darius himself fled. Meanwhile, the Thessalians, on the Greek left, had likewise succecded in putting their antago28. serie

nists to flight.

laminarum,

plate armor.
into column.

30.

agmen moliebantur, formed

1. utrimque, on both wings. partibus; the plural, partes,

54.
8.

ofl:en

mesins party side.

,

10.

haud

sane, etc,

i.e., in

good order.

12. qua, 55, iv. 20. quibus, 51, v. note.

quo:

in proportion as ; understand

eo

with violentius, 54, v. end.

26.

impotentis (sc,

swi, poioerless over itself)

is

arrogant.
;

30. ita very frequently

used with ut following

it

need not

be

translated at alh
31. 33.

ut

exciperent,
is

70 and

ii.

semet; met

an emphatic addition, 19,

m.

end.

55o

20, II. 1. illa, the former; haec, theLatter: decus). decoris, from decor (not decoris, from alienis. tunc with contrasted quondam is

n.

veris

13. calamitatis, 50, iv. 1.

21.

im endio,

54, ix.

stetit:

cost.

F
NOTES
25. assueverat,

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
iidimate.

2^5

was
;

32. pavoris, panic

fear
I.

is

timor, dread, metus.

50.

10.

Sardis,

11,

2.

primo,

41,

ii.

4.

missum se a rege. 17. The subj. of nuntiari is it is all ocer. means est actum 18.
21. possent, 63,
II.

/^^
ff'^^

y^^^^^V ^^^ ^^

'^^

^-^^

28. Itaque, 43, 5.

31. offioio, 54,

III.

32. sippsiratvL: in respect to the splendor.

I
y

T i}}TCiYt ^ MJl^'
^^^^^^
CaUf-t^^

57.
6.

5.

haberi, to he rendered.
in a

sepeliret, 64, iv., after permitti.

7.

pro habitu,
"

manner
tlie

suited to the condition.

11. justis, regular or 14.

It is certain

due ceremonies.
extract novv reniaining of this letter that he never saw, nor

(from

[written by Alexander

after the batth'])

of Darius, ever entertained the idea of seeing, ihe captive wife he even moreover, Asia in woman said to be the niost beautiful
;

declined to hear encomiums upon her beauty." (Grote.) 17. et hic; referring to their close intimacy.
31.

vellem,

60,

2, note.

58. Within
of

three years after thebattleof Issus, the empire

utterly

overthrown, and he himself was Alexander was now at the height of human assassinated. power; but, in becoming an Asiatic sovereign, he lost the

Darius was

generous and nolde qualities of his youth, and became a His treatment of his passionate and treacherous tyrant.
is early friend, Clitus, the brother of his nurse, in B.c. 228, Ilis army had character. of change this of illustration an

penetrated far to the east of the Caspian Sea, to Maracanda,

the

modern Samarcand.
8.
9.

46, in apposition with turres. i. 2. ; 55, Alexander, who 12. Lysimachus was one of the generals of of Thrace. divided his empire after his death he became king

receptacula,

aetatibus, generations

14.

quo,

i.e.,

Lysimachus.

15. adjecit, added.

tam, as

well.

2L Nam, 43,
24.

4.

crediderim,

60, note, and

2.

24^

LATIN READER.

26. defunctiis erat, 61, 2, note.

scivere, decreed.

31.

Maracanda,
1.

a neuter plural.
;

59.
2.
^

provinciam

tliis

Tlie battle on the river Granlcus

was the iinportant satrapy of Sogdiana. was the first great victory

gained by Alexander over the Persians, b.c. odi.

5. bellicis 44, iv. 2.

10. in

posterum,./or

the tiext day.

13. gravis, offensive. 16.

Chaeroneam;

see note on p. 51,

1.

11. operis;

tlie

residt

ofhis lahors.
17.

29. It

sibi,/>om him; dative of disadvantage, 51, i. note. wouhl appear tbat while Ak'xander was away upon

this

expedition, Philip visited the island f Samothrace, fanied for th(! peculiar and mysterious rites of the Cabiri, and was initiated into their mysteries, initia.

00.

2.

cubabant

this refers to the

left

they leaned upon the

custom of reclining at meals elbow, and the neighbor towards whom

:

any one's face was turned was said to be infra eum. 3. Euripides was a great tragic poet of Athens, of the
century, b.c.
12.

fifth

i.e., the exploits of Alexander. quis refers to ea understood, object of audiret; this form of the dative and ablative is frequent in hiter writers. 17. remittente, sc. eo; abhitive absohite. 19. Parmenio, the general of Ah'xander who had done such good

praesentibus,

14.

service in the battle of Issus,

by

tlie

king's order.

de,

had been shortly

befiDre assassinated

over.

21. animi prava contentione, a violent oidhreak of femper; he had long concealed his indignation at tlie insolence and injustice of Alexander. 24. a.ThitrivLm agis,

with the flatterers of Alexander.

pass Judgmeid ; here he contrasts himself praecipuum, sc. praemium.

28. sortitas, having ohtained 32.

bij lot ;

i.e.,

possessing.

haesuros fuisse,
1.

67,

i.

2, note.

61.

Alexander, King of Epirus, brother of Olympias, the

mother of Ak^xander the Great, crossed over into Italy b.c. 332, and fought against the Samnites, etc. he wns assassinvjted in 326.
;

7.

eum,

13.

semetipso, Clitus. Observe the taunt in the words pectore and tergum.

Clitus; sibi, Alexander;

NOTES

QUINTUS CURTIUS.

^47

16. Attalus was an ofRcer of Pliilip, uncle of his wife Cleopatra; he was assassinated by Alexander's order shortly after his acces-

sion to the throne.

17. In his expedition to

Egypt,

b.c. 331,

Alexander had visited

66,
i.

the famous oracle of Jupiter

he was the son of

18. se, Clitus;

this god.

assereret,

Ammon, and

obtained assurance that

patrem, Zeus (Jupiter). 21. olim,yor some time. 27. Ptolemffius was afterwards King of Egypt; Perdiccas was the officer to whom Alexander gave his ring on his death-bed, and who was guardian of his infant son, untilkilled in a mutiny.

6^.
17.

10.

jam non,

41,

ii.

2.

IG. ingeniis, 51, iv.

perpendimus,

70, iv.

21.

abusum
Laniare,
4.

agrees with virum, subject of oocisum.

qualifies

26.
33.

paulo ante

convivae,

47, iii. end.

49,

iii.
i.

03.

num,
it

71,

5. subit;

occurs to

him.

Liber
.
. .

(Bacchus) had been

sometimes
.at other

offended by this slight.

12. bestisB, 51, viii.

alias
i.
;

alias

times, 22,
17.

ii.

pro

mea

gloria, 51,

third rem.
all

19.

omnibus
puderet,

ejus, 51, v.

herfriends.
her in mind.

22. sine 30.

memoria, without putting

64,

ii.
ii.

31. prohibituri, 59,

note

and

theij

would have,

etc.

During the year which followed, Alexander pursued his conquests in the East, and in the spring of b.c. 326 entered India, crossed the river Indus, and arrived on the banks of
the Hydaspes,

now
this

the Jelum.
to be shot.

04:.

8.

gravioribus quam, etc, too heavij

;

word, with elisus below, takes the gender the masculine, implyof amnis Hydaspis, implled in flumen, ing th'e vigor and fbrce of the living stream.
15. diffusus

17.

Nec impetum

as might have

coercebat, nor did been expected.

;

it

check

its swiftness,

19. elisus, ivith hroken course

rapids.

23.

de industria

irritatae,

purposely madefurious.

248
25. 31.

LATIN READER.
pectora is obj. of percusserant, and se of experta. parvce rei discrimine, hy the test of a slight skirmish.
4. partium, oftheir tribe ; see note on p. 54, 1. 8. Notice the tenses transnavere simply states a past action,
;

G5,
6.

tenebat describes the condition of the island. tegendis, 73, iii. 18. eadem, also, the connnon usage would be a 19. ripa, 54, vi.

ripa.

22. opportunitatis, 50,

33.

iii.

aequalem,
1.

i.e., in

age.

GG.
7.

utique, at

least.

in regionem, to the neighborhood.

14. 17.

momento,

55,

i.

2.

nox, darkness ;

caelo, the shy.

31.

humani
5.

ingeni, by a weakness of

human

nature.

^T,
32.

The

shield-bearers were to protect the archers.

20. effusis habenis, atfull gallop.

movebantur,
2.

sc.

the elephants.

G8.
places.
18.
left
;

gestantes,
i.e.,

sc. id.

5. illo,

Hercules,

who had

visited

India

among

other

There
as
it

is

some confusion here and below between

right and

reads, both Alexander and Coenus attacked the ene-

my's
22.

left.

invehemini

the future

is

used here, as

is

frequently

tlie

case, as nearly equivalent to an imperative, like shall in English.

27. in

suos acrius

furit, it is

more dangerous
rested, 57,
iii.

to its

own

side.

GO.
G.

4.

statuerunt, they have

10. jungere,

12.

21.

molientes ictus, preparrng to shoot. depends upon jubebant. in medium, in common. concursatione, in a sudden attack.
iis

28.
29.

manu,
super

trunk.

se, over their heads.

diei, until late in the day.

31. in

multum
;

33.

copidas
3. It is

copis, a Greek word for sword or scimitar.

70. quam

questioned whether mortis and supplicii limit quid;

or

timor

probably

it is

best to connect

them with timor

" nor did

their fear, not only of death, but of fresh torments in

death, leave anything untried" in self-defence.

NOTES
11.

QUINTUS CURTIUS.
i.e.,

249
by
his

expositus, exposed,
size.

being

left

alone, as well as

conspicuous

17. fluentibus, relaxed.

23. regis, in appos. witli Taxilis; Taxiles

was an Indian king,

who had

allied himself with Alexaiider.

71
18. 19.

3.

resistentibus, 51,

iii.

seeond remark.

malum, a kind of oath, the miscliief rerum mearum, of my poiver; belli,

m war

an example

of two genitives, subjective and objective, limiting the same word,

fame.
20. in deditos, follows clementiae.
18. Curtius here diifers

from Arrian, who says

(v. 19, 1), that

Porus answered: "that you treat

me

like a king."

73.
2.

1.

segrum,

wJiile sicJc.

contra spem, belongs with confirmatum.

regno, 51, 11. end. simplicius, more impartially.

4.
6.

After the victory over Porus, Alexander desired to push

on

to the

Ganges, but was dissuaded by the reluctance of his

soldiers,

and the unfavorable character of the omens; he

therefore follovved the Indus

down

to its

mouth, and then

re-

turned to the west.

17.
18.

pecorum, 50, i. amnis ( 50, iii.),

3.

after peritis.
alluvial deposits
;

19.

enatam, produced by
socordius asservati,

the delta of the

Indus.
20.

too carelessly waicTied.

26.

omnium,

for

omnium locorum
common
;

or

rerum

an exception

to 47, IV. 1, note.

73.
18.

1.

ipsos for se; quite

( 54, V.

in Curtius.

quo

end), in proportion as.

20. flumini, dat. after

mixtum adhuc

qualifies leni.

22. evecti, carried past. 24. securi, regardless. 26. vice, 14,
I.

the dwellers on the Mediterranean were

:

not accustomed to tides

31.

see note on p. 15, 1. 33. cernere videbantur, they supposed they discerned.

250

LATIN READER.
to the

74. 1. The ships had been drawn up on land, according custom of the ancients.
5.

prohibebant

i.e.,

by pushing with poles, they prevented

to contain,

the oars from being used.

9.

non

receperant, were not able

II. 1.

governs mentes.

14. opis, 14,

19.

22. 27. 31.

duorum, sc. exercituum. ad manus, to hlows.

subsederant, had heenformed, existed. magno tractu, with a strong movement.

33. destituta, left aground.

O.
4.

3.

Miles, the singular for the plural

the soldiery.
these,

praesentibus, etc, things more terrihle than

which

should follow.
8.

eestum relaturum [esse] depends upon

Beluae
:

ignari.

10.

it

is

hard to guess what beasts these can have

been

the story is no doubt a rhetorical liourish. mirabundi, 44, v. 1. 32. occuparet, take advantage of. 33. os, governed by evectus, 52, m.
;

29.

76,
4.
8.

2.

locorum,

the land.

altero, the second.

20.

remedio, 51, vii. The paragraph that follows

i.
;

is

taken from the tenth book,

chap.

the intervening passages describe the land march of

Alexander
22.
vation.

to Carmania, upon the Persian Gulf. qusedam, etc, some things hy hearsay, others from

ohser-

23.

subjectam,

lyiiig helow.

24. a.h,from, not hy.

26. aestu

secundo, hy
ii.

tlieflow

28. sequi, 65,

note.

cum connects strepitu with subisse.

sibi.

ofihe

tide.

29. cetera, 52, iv. note.

TT.
10.

5.

his;

we should expect
;

omni, etc

when
;

all the sea-coast

shoidd have heen suhdued.

in the

14.
18.

quam, 48, 11. there were two provinces of Spain, Libano; Mt. Lebanon was famed for its timber, as

time of Solomon.

NOTES

QUINTUS

CURTIUS.

25I

After his return from the Iiidian expedition, Alexander

at dee[)ly afflicted by the kx^s of his friend llephaistion whose funeral obsequies he indulged in unmeasured revel and intoxicatiou, followed by a violent fever. It was soon manifest that he could not recover, and the soldiers were ad-

was

mitted to see him for the last time.

25.

Intuentibus,

51,

i.

note

it is

nearly equivalent to a geni-

tive,

and niay be so rendered. 27. lectum, govcrned by circumstantium,

1.

52,

11.

2.

^8^
2.

illud

ultimum,

52,

iv.,for the

last time.

debito,

54, vi., debt.

;

C.

29.

ad Hammonen the temple of Jupiter Ilammon quoddam, as it were.

11.

is

in Libya.

TO.

Bella civilia; in

fact,

bloody wars followed, whicb

lasted for

many years, until shared among his generals. 13. de rege, wlio slioidd he
15.

the empire of Alexander had been

lcing.

missione, discharge.

30. imperaret, 65, iv. 1.

ipsis, 51,

iii.

80.

Sisygambis, the mother of Darius, who 2. matrem: had been treated with the greatest courtesy and honor by the
conqueror.
G.

cui, 51,

iii.

nubo means
iii.

to veil,

and so

to veilfor a

man,

i.e.,

marry him.

11. miserae,

13,

Quem,

private. proprias, 51, 47, 52, puellarum, 50,

lier oivn,

viii.

vi.

iii.

18. Artaxerxes III., Ochus, her brother, son of Artaxerxes II.,

had murdered all his brothers, according to the that he might have no rivals.
26.

oi^iental fashion,

Magnum

agrees with

documentum; Alexandro,
to live.
i.

aftcr

est understood.
28. sustinuisset vivere,

had endured

31. naturae fuisse, helonged to his natnre, 50,

note.

81.
7.
8.

6.

ut,

althovgh;
2.

ita, yet

a frequcnt usc of these words.

juveni, 51,

jam, moreover.
11.

quorum,

47,

(2)

relatives follow the

same

rule as

adjectives.
14. IUa, the following


252
17.

LATIN READER.
mutare,
24, v. 3.

26, statuit, sc. Fortuna. 30. dififudit

;

this refers to the division

of his empire.

CORNELIUS NEPOS.
time of Cicero.

CoRNELius Nepos was an historian and biographer of the The volume of Lives of lllustrious Commanders which passes under his name (excepting the life of
is

Atticus, and perhaps that of Cato, which are genuine),

best only an abridgment of his writings.

at

Carthage was a great commercial

city in Africa, a Phoeni-

cian colony, situated near the present site of Tunis.

In b.c.

2G4

it

engaged
three

in a

war with Rome, which had

just then

made

itself

sovereign of Italy.

After three obstinate wars

called the

Punic Wars (Pccnus

= Phoenician),
War

Car-

thage was destroyed, b.c. 146.

B.c.

Tiie First Punic

(ending

241) had resulted in giving

Sardinia,

Sicily,

and Corsica.
took

to Rome the islands of To make good their losses,

the

Carthaginians

possession of

Spain, which

was

goverued for some years by Ilamilcar, as governor.

time after his
death,
his

Some

son

Ilannibal succeeded to the

government, and proved the ablest and bitterest enemy that

Rome

ever had.
6.

cum eo, quod unless 52, erga usually expresses a friendly feehng. qui to cum Romanis, 54, Hannibal and indeed rem.
after

83,
i.e.,

ut superarit;
est
is

57,

i.

70,

11.

The

usual construction

verum

tlie

accusatlve with the infinitive.

nisi,
iv.,

populus Romanus.

tJien.

16.

refers

he.

11.

third

20.

Phllip Y., king of Macedonia,

after the

mans during and

banishment.
gulfs.

made war upon the RoSecond Punic War. Antiochus was

took refuge after his
its

the king of Syria, with

mari this was the Indian Ocean with darent operam, emploij.
; ;

Rubro

whom Hannibal

27. rcvad

&c.
ject

tamquam eum (understood) on tlie ground that he, tamquam often has this meaning in late writers eum is siib:

ofsentire; alia atque, 43, 9; the subjunctives that foUow, fecissent and vidisset, like venissent, follow cunx.


NOTES
83.
a me,
11.
6.

CORNELIUS NEPOS.
Karthagine,
14.

253
55,
iii.

annos,
iii.

54, v. iiote.

1.

52,

(1), end.

ducere,

65,

11.

note.

tenentem, agreeing witli

me

understood.
20. 31.

me,

52,

iii.

(1), sc. id.

foederatam,
6.

i.e.,

to the

Romans

this

was b.c. 219.

84:,

pedition to Spain

to have gone on an exGraius, Greek: the real origin of the name of the Graian Alps (those about the Little St. Bernard) is
;

The legends made Hercules

unknown.
9.

muniit, constructed, engineered.

;

ornatus, equipped, laden.

10, 4 Clastidium was a town south of the Po, which was betrayed to Hannibal the statement here is incorrect,
:

15. Clastidi,

as the skirmish in which Scipio

was wounded was on the river

the victory
;

Ticinus.

manum

conseruit, joined hattle: the battle on the

first

Trebia, b.c. 218, was the

important engagement

on Lake Thrasymenus, in Etruria, was in b.c. 217 The third and overwhelming victory at Cannae was b.c. 216. Cannensi,
44,
IV.
6.

Paulus

was father of the distinguished Lucius

^milius Paulus, and grandfather of Publius Scipio Africanus the

younger, who destroyed Carthage.
33.

pugna pugnata,
3.

52,

i.

end.

Capua was the chief city of Campania, the second city in had joined Hannibal after his victory at Cannae. The dictator was a magistrate appointed for six months with unlimited power the next in command to him was the magister equitum. 7. dedit verba, a colloquial expression for imposed npon;
Italy
;

85.

it

the use of colloquialisms

is

characteristic of this writer.

ejus
;

generis,
12.

i.c.,

juvencorum.

sustulit, from toUo, he took Publius Cornelius Scipio was defensum, Africa. congrederetur, Africanus from 64, The of Zama was 202. This was 200. his magistratibus, either 8G. 54, x,
off, i.e., killed.

many. Gracchus was grandfather of the famous tribunes Marcelhis was called the sword of Rome, from his courage; iterum, a second time. Fabius, the shield, from his prudence.
ita multis, not very
15. Tibcrius

non

24.

74,

i.

called

his victorios in

II.

battle

b.c.

10.

or 55,

I.

FregellsB was an important town

b.c,

in Italy.


254
26.

LATIN READER.

Karthagini,

7,

7;

55,

iii.

3.

reges

the correct

name

of tliese magistrates was suffetes.

31. in aerario,

56,

i.

1, iiote.

ST.
20. 27.

10.

Cyrenae

Grecian colony.

Antiochi,

is tlie

modern Sarca, west of Egypt.

Itwasa

50,

i.

cui
. . .

Antiochus.

scriptum agrees with the clause a eum. The island of Rhodes was at tliis time a very important maritime power. quo, sc. proelio. 31. Antiochiis was vanquished bj Lucius Seipio, in tho battie of ]\Iagnesia, u.c. 190. Cretam names of small islands follow the rules of names of towns: 55, iii.

was King of Bithynia, a country on the northern Mnior Pontus was further east. Eumenes was kirig of Pergamum, and his dominions comprised most of the west coast of Asia Minor he was a sagacious king and a patron of literature and art, and maintained a close allianee with the Romans.
25. Prusias

88.

coast of Asia

30. coUigi,

68,

iii.

note.

80.

a ceteris fbllows defendere. id, i.e., se defendere. se facturum, lie icould hring it about, governs ut scirent, etc.
2.

11.

The caduceus,
suis, dative,

or rod of Ilermes, was the badge of a

herald.

This absurd story

is

one of the many

that were fiibricated in relation to this great

28.

man.

coepta sunt,
4.

38,

i.

1.

Lucius Quinctius Flamininus was the Iloman general who overthrew Philip, king of Macedon, b.c. 197.

^O.

Patres conscripti, the senators the original patrician were called patres, and the plebeians added to the senate were called conscripti. existimarent, 63, ii. 12. suum and sibi refer to the Homans, se to Priisias an unusual inconsistency. The laws of hospitality were lield in peculiar honor among the ancients. 20. usu, hy expcrience, infact.
8.
:

senators

The year of

tlie

death of Ilannibal

is

uncertain

we have given

the usually assumed, b.c. 183, date.

NOTES

SALLUST.

2^5

SALLUST.
Caius Sallustius Crispus
born B.c. 8G, at Amiternum, in
B.c. 34.

(also si^elled Salustius)

tlie

vvas

Sabine country, and died

;

He was

an earnest partisan of Cassar

and the aim and

of his historical writings

inefficiency of the

was

to depict the corruption

governing classes at Rome, in a manner to

justify

the revohition accomphshed

by

Caisar.

As an

his-

torian he has
"

many
is

merits, but

is

very inaccurate

in details.

His chronology
is

confused

his description of the railitary

;

operations

sometimes unintelligible

he often omits the

names of places, when the names would be the only means of making the story clear. He does not tell us which way
the armies are moving, and gives us no notion of distances,

and generally a very vague description of the ground.

If

....

we overlook

its

defects as a military history,

allow that Sallust has sketched in a rapid

career of the bold

we must and Hvely way the

Numidian adventurer, from the time of his Spain to his capture by a Roman more cunning and more treacherous than hirasel" (Long.) The character of Sallust was not altogether above reproach, and he seems to have shared in the vices he condemns. His
service under Scipio in

great hlstorical work, the history of his

own

times,

is

lost;

and there only remain of

the brief accounts of the
spiracy of CatiHne.

his works, besides a

few fragments,

war with Jugurtha, and the Con-

In the Second Punic War, Hannibal was finaHy overthrown by Scipio Africanus in the battle of Zama, b.c. 202.

This victory was largely due to the aid contributed by

Masinissa,

king of eastern Numidia

after this time a steady

(now Algiers), who

ally of the

remained

and serviceable
148.

Roman
tween

people, until his death, b.c.

his

death and the outbreak of the

The events war in 110,

beare

briefly narrated

by Sallust

in the passages

which follow.

01

9.

Africano,
is

51, vi. note.

in Ihe

facinora, from facio, means

decds, but

couimonlv uscd

meanino; of evil decds, criinos.


256

LATIN READER.

Sypliax was king of the western Numidians, and liad assisted Car-

thage in
24.

tlie

war,
;

magnum,
u
;

52, iv.

urbis = urbes.
;

T. 2, 6.

luxu

tbe dat. in
iii.), as

is

frequent in SaUust
is

tbe bistorical

infinitive (

49,

equitare,

also

common

with bim.
;

9^.
maiis

1. is

plurumum

for this archaic form, see top of p. 2

a similar Ibrm.

intellegit

is

existuan old form of the perf.

became afterwards more and that ofhis children ; this combination of a genitive and a possessive qualifying the same word is common. mediocris, of moderate passions.

(from lego, legi)

common.

suae

the form intellexi

Uberorumque,

his oion age

transvorsos, another archaic Ibrm, for transversos. bus, i.e., studia.

16.

ex

qui-

neque per vim neque

constructioxis
is

insidiis

two similar
Tacitus,

(as vi or

most writers would prefer per insidias) Sallust, hke

; ;

fond of varying his constructions.

Numantia was
;

town

in Spain,

which was captured by Scipio the younger, ^mili-

anus, B.c. 133, after a siege of ten years.

Romanis
;

a com-

nion use of the dat. after words denoting an office

see example
to 51, v.

alterum-alterum,
93.
is

in 51,

I.

note.

perioulis after

obviam, by analogy

the latter, theformer.

6.

erat

we should expect
etc.

common
10.

in Sallust in such clauses.

;

munificentia,

49,
;

i.

huc accedebat the subject note the adv. huc = huic

;
;

esset,

by

63,

11.

tbe ind.

is

rei.

novi atque nobiles tbe nohles at Rome were those whose ancestors had held office of dignity in the state, and wbo tberefore belonged to the ruling class those who reached position by tbeir own exertions, like Marius and Cicero, were called novi homines (Hb. 126). The socii were the Italians in alliance with Ilome, wbo were kept in a position of inferiority by tbe Romans. fore, etc, 67, iii. 1 this might also be potitum iri or fore pro concione, in the presence of the army. The praetorium, headquarters (Hb. 160), was so called becausc the consul, who commanded in war, originally bore the title praetor. publice, etc. e.g. rather by public services than private intrigues. neu (neve) quibus, 21, iii. end. a,from; it was perilous to huy
;

from afew, &c.

94r.
rifes.

ultro, without
;

his seeking.

7.

ignobilitatem
sc.

Thc death of Micipsa was

b.c. 118.

justa, the proper

birth.
52,

Jugurtha was of illegitlmate

dextra,

manu, on

his right hand.

Adherbalem,

11.

NOTES
1.; properly
it

SALLUST.
io.

2^7

is

governed by the preposition ad, next

i.e., to tlie lelt. i.e.,

in

alteram partem,
22.

ipsum

illum,

Jugurtlia.

cum animo,
52, vi.

iii

his miiid.

31. placuerat,

39,

o. finis,
;

wbo went Numidian king had similar attendants. The hindmost of these was next to the ministrum, 46. magistrate, and therefore highest in rank. referebantur, notice the iraperf. ceterum, moreover; usually it means but.
0*5,
4.

proximus

lictor

tbe lictors were officers

before certain

Roman

magistrates (Ilb.

130)

tbe

After the death of Hiempsal, b.c. 118, war broke out be-

tween Jugurtha and Adherbal

took refuge in Rome.

AdherTDal was defeated, and

Jugurtha also sent ambassadors thither,

and succeeded by bribery in bringing about the appointment of a commission to divide the kingdom between the two
cousins
;

this

division

was made

in

such a

way

as to give

Jugurtha the best parts of the country, while Adherbal had the best cities and harbors, including the capital, Cirta, now
Oo7istantine.
22.

contra timorem, in
11.

spite

of

liis

apprehensions
qfj'

OG.
28.

secus ceperat, he had

or alios.

corne

worse.
;

partim=partem

togatorum
here, however,

the toga, a long,

tlie dis-

woolkm unbleached
tinctive dress of a

shawl, of a semi-elHptical shape, was

;

The vineae were movable sheds, which were pushed up near the walls to protect the soldiers fighting and Avorking under them the turres were high, and were moved on wheels near the
meant.
;

Roman citizen

all

the Itahans are

walls,

chinae

and used to throw darts, &c., into the city besieged. these were engines for hurhng stones and darts.
;

ma-

07.

5.

Marcus iEmiUus Scaurus was for many years the leading man in the Roman state he was dignified and sagacious, but, it would appear, sliared
offices.
;

joyed; honores

majores natu, elders, 17, iii. end. is the word used for pubhc

usi, having en-

the prevaihng corruplion of the times.

gen., of the second declension,
is

senati,

this

form of the

and onc or two other nouns of the fourth declension. The princeps senatus was the person recognized by the censors as the leader of the body, as being the most eminent man in the state (Ilb. VoZ).
in Sallust for this

common


258

LATIN READER.

iii

cliief tovvn

invidia, was a source qf great scandal. Utica was the of the Roman province Africa (now Tiuiis).

19.

diducta,

i.e.,

chance or occasion.
without attaining

Adherbalis,
purpose.
that
this
;

by the attack on

all

sides.
iii.

54,

note.

casum, a frustra,
more
trust-

tlieir

08.
9.

1.

worthy.

deditionem

omnia potiora,

any thing was was b.c. 112.

hetter, i.e.,

interpellando andtrahendo qualify leniebant

jurgiis (by fair means orfonl) qualify trahendo.

Caius Memis

gratia and

mlus was probably the one who was murdered twelve years later by a seditious mob he is called by Niebuhr " one of the most energetic
;

and right-minded men

sition with id.

o-f

that age."

ut condonaretur

not a

fmal clause (denoting purpose), but a substantive clause, in appo-

Jugurthae, dative of advantage.

carried through

18.

The Sempronian Law,

by Caius Sempronius
by providing that the
;

Gracchus, aimed to lessen the power of the senate and the opportunity for corruption in asslgning provinces,

assignation should be
is,

made

before the election of the consuls

that

the senate determined beforehand what the consular provinces

should be, and these were then divided by lot or agreement between
the two consuls.
scribitur, levied.

Bestia j:)roceeded to Africa, and shortly brought Jugurtha

to

terms

but was bribed by him to graut an advantageous

peace, disgraceful to

Rome.

But the tribune Memmius, the

boldest antagonist of the corrupt nobility, persuaded the peo-

and to send Cassius, a man " pure in a corrupt time " (Niebuhr), to summon Jugurtlia to Rome,
ple to reject the treaty,
to

answer
30.

for his crimes.

;

elephantos
1.

i.e.,

those which Jugurtha had surrendered.

00.

Rogatione

a proposition for a law was called rogatio,

it.

because the people were asked whether they wonld accept

conscientia, yrow a had conscience.

\\SQ.force if 54, IX. 1.

vim

ex

i.e.,

that he

he did not submit himself to their mercy.

by whose intercession he escaped the necesslty of answering the questions put to him by Memmius. Gulussa was brother of Miclpsa. 11. This was b.c. 110.
tribunes,

In Rome, Jugurtha bribed one of the

Romans

minoris,

woukl

metu

i.e.,

the anxiety of the

as to Jugurtha's future

courjc.


NOTES
23. Jugurthae, 51, vi.
;

SALLUST.

259

upon

his friends

rid of his rival.

egressus, aee.
is

among

the

he did notvcnture to rely any longer Komans, and therelbre resolved to get
pl.

ejus,

i.e.,

Massiva.
;

qui

is

pL, referring to the individuals implied in

synesis, or

numero
47,
11.

this is called

constructio ad sensum, see

Fit reus,

end.

100.

3.

put on

trial.

The jus gentium of the Ro;

mans was not onr Lau) of Nations, but eonsisted of those usages of law whieh were common to all nations one of these was the manufestus, hke maxumus, an sanctity of a safe-conduct.
archaic form.
that
tlie

animum advortit,

lie

perceived.

supra,

etc.

9.

ohloquy of the deed went beyond, &c. in priore actione, in thefrst stages of the action;

i.e.,

preliminary inquiry.

popularis,
52, v.

those

of his nation.

the

illo,

Bomikar.
22.
tJie

urbem,
etc.
;

mos,

this

may mean

the parties

among
is

the people, atid

factions in the senate; but as popularis

used especially for

the party opposed to the senate, it wouhl seem best to take these nouns as relating to the individual parties the custom of a popiiprima, tliefirst things, 48, ir. lar and a senaturial party. hostnis, 47, v. it is here ^loxide,false glory; i.e., as rivals.
;

equivalent to the objective gen., hostium.

ea,

47,

11.

(2).

Carthage was destroyed b.c. UG captured no enemy now remained

;

in the

whom

same year Corinth was the llomans need fear.

101,

3.

inlubidinem
;

[forlib.] vortere [forvert.], to turnto

iheir oivn pleasiire

ahuse.

sibi quisque, eachfor InmscJf. facOAving to their fewness.

;

tione, hy comhinations,
5th declension.
11.

agitabatur. impers.

i.e.,

plebei, hcre

every thing

was managed.

The tendency

at this time to absorb all the lands of Italy

into a few large estates, latifundia, cultivated

most ahirming symptom of the times.

dere, says Pliny.
fraud nor violence
tion in law.

by slavcs, was the Latifundia Italiam perdi-.

To
;

ing small freeholds into

bring this about, and set all the neighbortlieir hands, the nobles scrupkd at neither

nor did the poor have any adcquate protec-

Tiberius 18. These were the Gracchi, mentioned below. Sempronius Gracchus carricd an agrarian laAv (Ilb. 1C8), forthe distribution of public land among the poorer cksses, B.C. 133; his brother Caius, ten years later, aimed at still more sweeping

reforms:

both were assassinated by the nobles. Their grandtheir father was fathcr had fcnight successfully against Hannibal
;


26o

LATIN READER.
;

eminent as a statesman
tlie

tlieir

motlier Cornclia was daughter of

terrae, a cJiaos.

great Seipio.

permixtio

25. patefacere, 37, vii. note.

Tlie Socii were the

;

Italian

nations in nominal allianee with

the Latin
cities

Rome

the

nomen Latinum,

and eolonies which were debarred from lull but possessed certain rights of Ronian citizenship both these elasses held portions of the pubhc domain which were alFected by the laws of Gracchus, and therefbre opposed liis measures. Later reformers undertook to extend luU citizenship
political privileges,
;

The equites were those who were entitled by their weahh to serve in the cavalry, receiving a horse from the state by a law of Caius Gracchus, all possessing
to all the inhabitants of Italy.
;

a specified amount of property received certain privileges, which

by themselves, equester ordo: thus up an aristocracy of wealth to balance the hereditary aristocracy of the nobles. societatis means a share in the privileges of the senate. eadem, ihe same policy. triumvirum Caius Gracchus failed in his third election to the tribunesetting

constituted them a class

ship, but

still

held the office of tnumvir

of three] for planthig colonies ( 73, iii. note), killed, B.c. 121. et sane, and to he sure.

[member of a committee when he was

lO^. 3. Three thousand are said to have been slain with Gracchus and Flaccus. timoris, i.e., they feared the opposite

party, whoni they

had treated with such barbarity.

parem,
was

59, IV.

1.

After the return of Jugurtha, the war was conducted by

Spurius Albinus and his brother Aulus.

The

latter

forced by Jugurtha to agree to a dishonorable peace, whicli

was

at once rejected

by the Romans

and the consul of the

Quintus

year 109 took command, although hxte in the year.

Ca3cilius Metellus, afterwards called

Numidicus, was one of

of the aristocracy,
Ilis

the most eminent and respectable

members

belonglng to an ohl and distinguished

fjimily.

vigihmt

and judicious measures soon excited the alarm of

onist,

his antag-

and

his success

indnced the senate

to retain

him

in

command
18.

as proconsul for tlie following years.

antea experimentis, previovs

;

Albinus

47,

iii.

end.

maxime, if

experience,

i.e.,

of Bestiaand

possihle.


NOTES
SALLUST.

261

lOS.
was a

4. insidiis,

etc, depends upon credere.

Caius Marius

and no education, wlio by courage and ability liad risen to a liigh military position, and who aftcrwards legatus, see note on p. 13, 1. 2. became a dictator in the state. The legiom of the Roman army, comtribunis, 51, 11.
soldicr of low birtli

manded by trihunes, are contrasted with the cohorts of thc Italian The Roman lcgion was divided allies, commanded by prcefedi.
into maniples,
158)
;

combined afterwards into cohorts by Marius (Hb.

line

although even at this time a combination of threc maniplcs

32).

was called a cohort (see page 106,

velites,

light-

armcd
16.

troops.

Vacca,
;

town south-west of

Utlca.

forum,
et;

a marJcct

toivn

lao-os.

celehia.tum, frequented. simul,

modo,
even.

the regular tcrm for a class of towns larger than

mere

vil-

hoth, and.

sl

paterentur, whether they would endure, depends upon tentandi.

26.

33; composuit, compared; this word

the dative.

may

also

be followed by

104:*

12.

Muthul;

the position of this rivcr

is

doubtful.

ex eo medio, i.e., tractu pari, jjarallel; vastus, harren. from the middle of the mountain range, which Mctclhis was
crossing.

The

hill

stretched to the rivcr, at right angles to both

river
20.

humi, 50, ir. 3. and mountain. transvorso itinere, cd right angles

iter

direction,

montem,
:
;

hcre mcans
of.

bQ,

ir.

1.

cum, consisting
;

Turma

was the name

for thc subdivisions of cavalry

the maniplcs were

quae,
lO^.
plane,
is

of infantry

these were properly

refcrs to

etc.

commander

to see to.

prudentes

Roman terms. illis, the Romans. omnia cveri/ thing which it hecomcs a
;

cum

imperitis, as thosefore-

ivarned with those taken hy surprise.

13.

neque, et tamen, one

entirely.

incerti

the onc

hand

not,

and

yef.

agrees with equi

its

Numidaeque; esset
;

attracted to agrce with

predicatc

ahle

what

it

ivas that

was seen.

cum tum,
The
;

quidnam

indisfingvish-

43,

8.

obscurati
MeteHus^s

agrees with ipsi, taking the masculine in prcference to thc ncuter,

although refcrring also to signa.

16.

commutatis ordinibus.
is

account
it

of

manoeuvrcs

very confused and blind

appcars to be somc-

what

as follows.

He drew up

his

army

in line of battle, facing the

262
right (in

I.ATIN

READER.

dextro latere), for the enemy were on that flank, below the regular order for battle was in three lines, triplicibus subsidiis (Hb. 156). Then they must wheel, transvorsis principiis, and face the river, in order to descend into the plain.
Rufus was one of the most virtuous men afterwards unjustly banished on a false charge of oppressing the citizens of Asia, in which province he
of the day.
25. Publius Rutilius

He was

had served transvorsis prceliis, attacks on thejlank. pro re atque loco, agrecably circumstances and nature ofthe ground. principes, in van.
as official.
to

the

the

106.
np.

1.

primos,

i.e.,

quasi, aboid.

bantur.

ludificati, eluded then consequence eminus saucia copia, opportunity. priores = superiores, the Numidians hostis, the Romans. fuerant agrees with the nearer ea, in 55, a suis belongs with dispersi, separated from comrades. die, genitive, an okl form. eorum, the Numidians. lOT. the Romans. quos, the enemy. advorso colle evadunt, charge up die, 50, tutata, 47, (2). quietus, Bomilcar. ubique = et ubi. accepit, he learned.
;

adesse

the
is

first

to

whom

the

Romans came.

frequently used with the meaning come

in

i.e.,

subject.

this direction,

iv.

22.

tlieir

3. illis,

i.e.,

16,

ii. 4.

the

hill.

ii.

i.e.,

33.

pulveris vim.

"

It

is

amusing to

find in this Latin ex-

pression the exact equivalent of a familiar Americanism." (Butler.)

108.
tion.

16.

[victoria]

doubtful reading.

inter se,from

amplius opinione, longer than

one another, that
is
;

a word thus enclostd in brackets

the main
alteri

is

their expecta-

army under
alteros,

Metellus and the detachment of Rutihus

each with theother party.
IV. 2. note.

admissum,
battle

apud

sc.

erat, committed,

59,

" This was a

which

testified as
tlie

unmistakably to
strategic defeat

Jugurtha^s rare military talent, as to

of the

incxhaustible bravery

Roman

infantry, which alone

had turned the

into a victory."
30.

(Mommsen.)

quatriduo,

55,

i.

2.

meritos, those
is

ivho have done

good

sermce.

100.
hoio.

ea gratia, on
ex
;

3.

Jugurtha

15.

illius

urtha's

that

vincere.

praedam,

ex fuga, lubidine, according of Metelhis woukl be sua. suos;

this account.
to his

gereret

object of

exploratum,
afterjlight.
i.e.,

ut,
Jug-

pleasure,

subject of
after

in app. with

omnia, predicate


NOTES
27.

SALLUST.

263

pugnatum,
used with
is

72, 2.

but

is

understood, since he whose, &c.

the battle-ground chosen

quippe doee not belong with cujus, sua loca, hy himself. ex copia, as circumstances
discedunt.
;

demanded.

110.

5. sicuti follows

These events were followed by desultory warfare a siege of Zama by Marius proved unsuccessful, and Metellus undertook a renewal of negotiations
;

partly openly with the king,

partly intriguing with his officers to betray him.

The war

seemed
except.

to

be at a

stand-still.

11. agitabat,

belli,

the Liris,

69, note. ageret, 67, 11. 1. praeter, Arpinum was a town in the valley of iii. south-east of Ilome, where Cicero was also born.
55,

Graeca facundia; the Greeks were at this time the chief intribunatum the military tribunes were structors in rhetoric.

by the general, afterwards in part elected by the election was in the comitia of the tribes (Ilb. the people ab eo magistratu, /rom that magistracy ; the military tri 142) bunate was not strictly a magistracy, but Marius was priutor, b.c. 115. ad id locorum, to this point (of time) opposed to postea.
originally appointed
;
.

puhlic interest should permit.

per negotia publica; a frequent use of per lohen this was Quintus Metelhis filio Pius, consul B.c. 80; Mavius was now forty-eight years old. contubernio it was customary for young Romans to learn war

111,

17.

by going upon the

29.

staff of the

commander

in

an active campaign.

criminose, captiously.
8. regi,

trahi,
;

67, iv. 2.

1 1^.

51, viii. note

it is

really a dative

suspiciens, suspecting ( 51,1. note), in the eyes ofthe king. an unusual meaning of the active ; the passive frequently means
suspected.

com. et incom.

majoribus,

greater

affairs.

superaverant,
;

had

remained over ; i.e., were more than Jugurtha could attend to. jussus, sc. a Jugurtha. 18. posceret, 66, i. converteret, i.e., Nabdalsa that he 24. socii, 50, i. should not be punished instcad of rewarded. After juravisset,

undcrstand monere, which stands in some editions.

sua,
is

their.

113.
mon
32.

18. scelere,

56,

i.

2.

This use of super

more com-

in later writers.

quorum

Kmits plerosque, ceteri, pars, and

alii.


264
114-.
of
1,

LATIN READER.

Bocchus was king of Mauretania, west of Numidia.

dies, dayhij day.

the soldiers

in
rest

fide, dat.

all.''

(Long.)

ferme, for
cattle,

ceteri ejus

omnes,

'' tlie

the most part.

23. filiorum limits pueritise, wliich limits cultus, care.

o3.

domiti pecoris, trained

1.

50,

11.

1 1^*
ring- to

eo, iipon these; a frequent use of adverbs of place, refer-

persons.

G.

quam,

48,

11.

ea

modo,

pluvia,
21.
to the

those neicly surrendered are wont.

sc. aqua, 54, vii. infectum, impracticable.

sicuti, etc, religione,/rom

this alone.

as

sujjerstition.

uno die,

54, v.

an exception

followingremark. talia capi; a consideration in the mind of Jugurtha, and for this reason taking the acc. with the inf. ex

copia, as circumstances permitted.

reliquum fieri, left undone. arietibus thc battering beam with a metal ram's-head, with which thc walls were hutted, and so gradually broken to pieces. ab hostibus belongs with metuerant.
3.
;

116.

ramwas

a swinging

After these reverses, Jugurtha took refuge

in-law, Bocchus, king of Mauretaiiia,

witli his father-

and a iiew war seemed

to

threaten.

Meanwhile Marius was

elected consul for b.c. 107;

against the bitter opposition of the nobles, and by a vote of

the people, he

was given the province of Numidia, which

It
is

tlie

senate had before decreed to Metellus.

not possible to
in the

determine whether he actually took

his cousulship
;

command

year of

his active operations

were mainly

in the fol-

lowing year, b.c. 106.

20. spolia, 46.

quae,
sociis,
is

54, vii. note.

i.e.,
;

populis et regmilitiae, in service,

ibus.
55,

i.e.,
III. 3,

foreign.

Itahan.

reputation.

stipendium

quahfies cognitos

most he knew personally, afew by

the term for a soldier's pay, and came

mean the time of service for which the pay was reemereri stipendium is tlierefore " to serve ont the time,'''' and tliose who were stipendiis emeritis ( 54, 11. the participle here used passively,35,i.7.) were those Avho had served out their time as soldiers. plebi, sc. esse it was thought that service wa^
afterwards to
ceived
;

not acceptable

to the

people.

usum, the

requisites.

SALLUST.
borne by inperium
the,

NOTES
1 IT.
sual
10.

265
Romans
as citizens,
;

Quirites was

tlie title

and used

in public addresses.

= imperium

is

an unu-

number of archaic
1.

subplicis

= supplices. set = sed. quo,

spellings occur in this speech of Marius.

pluris, 54, IX.

17.

The subject of debere

54, v. end.

vostro benificio (bene-), yourfavor. nolis, one is iiniviUing ; the second j^erson singular is often used for an indefinite subject. opinione asperius, " more painful than you can suj)-

illam, etc.

pose." (Long.)

nobilitas, facta,
;

etc. are subject of

adsunt.

clientelae
27. illud

cognati, were blood relatives

;

adfines, connections by marriage.

especially attached to
is

who were personally and some nobleman, called patron. (Hb. 128.) commonly used rather than hoc or id when a followthe clients were persons

ing clause

(omnium
51, iv.

dat. of advantage. net.

invadendi,

esse)

is

in apposition.

reipublicae,
i.e., in

sc.

me.

capiamini,
:

the

illis,

118,

8.

veteris prosapiae, o/o76^ sfocA;; an old-fashioned word

used by Marius in derision.

the nobility to keep

imaginum it was the privilege of waxen images of their ancestors in their halls

these were carried in funeral processions.

13. qui,

men

icho.

praeposteri, placing that

be

gerere is the subject of est. atque usu, in action and exjjerience.

last.

tempore,

first

which should

in time.

re

22.

Quamquam
and
yet.

dered,

fortissimum quemque generosissumum,

io liis

at the

beginning of a sentence should be renwlio-

ever is brave,

and in j^roportion

hravery

is

also

ivell

hoiTi

this is the peculiar force of quisque with the superlative. posset, 59, IV. 2. maluerint is used, in violation of the sequence of tenses, to express the time of the question. faciant

idem,
of a

i.e., let

them despise

their oion ancestors

for every founder

new house was himself a new man. 33. hos, i.e., honores they live as
;

if

they cared nothing for

honors, but are as greedy for them as

Ne,

verily.

if their lives

were honorable.

falsi, deceived.

compositam, well-arranged. cum, modestiam, etc, shoidd construe mymodesty as conscious ex animi sententia, as I am convinced. bene ness of praedicent, speakivell ut. falsa, of superant.
13. velint,

110.

6.

cujus

rei, i.e., nobility.

2.

59, iv.

since.

guilt.

of, sc.

obj.


266
21.

LATIN READER.
qui
refers to the gen. implied in the possessive
aiid

etiam atque etiam, again again. Hae, 47, v. note. relicta agrees with your 54, nobilitas. parvi, doctoribus the Greeks parum placebat, I did not note. 52, of the llomans. were niggardly. meam and illorum ISO. arcte colam, but stand nouns esse underdo not qualifj tute te the intensive stood. civile,

vostra;
fidei,

19,

III.

Rem.

confidence.

ix. 1.

33.

care.

slaves
3.

illa,

iii.

to act

their

directly,

after
is

befitting

citizens.

enelitic.
9.

Quis.
preci

i.e.,

what their ancestors

;

did.
1, foot

19.

= preti

cocum = coquum,
;

of p.

they

pay more for a cook than a steward actors, secretaries, tutors, &c., were generally slaves. ita is frequently used to emphasize or point out a clause which follows. munditias, etc. this is called

munditias, foppernj, is contrasted with laborem, and separated from it by the two other contrasted words, mulieribus and viris. Quin qui (why, 21, I. note). ne; wJiynof? or come, tlien.

the cliiastic order of expression

1^1.

2.

avaritiam,

etc.

the corruption of Bestia, the unskilful-

ness of Albinus, and the pride of Metellus.

juvet, Hercules help me! a

common

oath.

mehercules, militaris eetas

; ;

sc.

this

was from 17 to 46. ceperit, 68, i. (Cf. 58, iii. note). idem, at once, or both. "'ini14. decebat, 59, iv. note at end. inmortalis mortal means remembered for ever.' The Roman immortality is posthumous fame." (Long.) quisquam is usually used substantively here it stands for uUus. These words, with umquam and usquam, are only used to express negative ideas sce
'
'

Table
23.

6.

The change made by Marius

a revolution.

in the

mode

of raising troops

was
erty

itself

Before

this,

none had served who did

not belong to the classes (Hb. 125) in virtue of possessing prop;

th^ capite

censi, counted by the head, were those

belonged to

r\o class.

the aristocratlc.

their oion possessions.

egentissumis, see note to 118, omnia cum pretio, every

p.

bonorum,
etc.

50,

iii.

the "

who good" were

24.

1.

sua,
tegi,

tliing
1.

paidfor
9.

133.

3.

legionibus,

see note to p. 103,

protected.


NOTES
19.

267
Numidia.

SALLUST.
soutli of

The

Gsetuli

wero a barbarous race

ar-

mis,
20.
vice.

54, Yi.

moenia are the walls of a masonry. oppido, 51,

1.

immunes, free from huHhens, of taxation and military sercity, murus any strong wall of

1^3.

7.

una

want of water. incultius agebatur, irritamenta gulae, seasonings.

18.

jugi aqua, one spring of water. Id.,

it

i.e., the

was

less

cultivated.

1;

pabulo,

etc.

i.e.,

exornat
the forra in

the land was in pasture rather thantilth.

has for subj. consul.

praedabundum, 44, v.
is

bundus

is

equivalent to the pres. part., and

rarely

formed except from neuter verbs. 30. per centurias there were
;

six centuries to

each cohort.

lenire,

i.e.,

by the use of animal food.

uti egrederentur depends
;

124:,
OBum,

3.

on

paratos.
this

tumul;

word milium, sc, passuum.

hiUi/
this

is

used nowhere but in

passage.

17. res trepidae, the confusion

that,

&c.

mobile

of ajfairs.

pars,
-1.

etc.

thefact

(from

moveo),
7iot

44, v.

29.

non bene

consulta,

withmilites (et

= also)

rich

wisely planned : locupletes agrees frombooty. socii, thosefriendly.

t.25, 8. asperitate, danger. Capsensium, sc. res. Muluchae; " The scene is'now moved from Capsa in the east to the Mulucha in the west, a direct distance due west from Capsa of
700 miles.
level.

ceteram planitiem, a country otherwise castello, satis patens. forte, from importunus, unsuitaUefor. virorum and armorum
complished."

Sallust leaves us to guess

how

this distance

was acfors.

(Long.)

dat. after

abl.

limit satis.

28. trahere
toss
it

cum animo
and the
snails

suo, consider

it

in his mind,

i.e.,

to one side
2.

other.

ad summum montis; the usual form would be montem, by 47, flexa quo, hending and growing up as in height, which'] ^^nenti\xm,fruit-bearing things,
Southern Europe.

ISO.

cochleas;

are

favorite

articles

of food in

viii.

[lit.,

to

or tkings that grow, 50,

11.

after

cuncta: cuncta

is

obj.,

and

natura subj. of fert. 19. cognitum, 74,

present.

i.

ex

prsesentibus,

(o?ie)

of

those


205

LATIN READER.
iii.

31. facilius, 47,

end.

was an oblong shield of wieker work covered with leather the clipeus, a round metal shield. ofifensa, in case they sTiould hit
;

ea, i.e., the shields

the

scutum

ayainst any

tliing.

1S7.

7.

nisu, 74,

ii.

potissimus,
32;
p. 20,
1.

cldef of

diens, stepping aside, to leave room Ibr the others.

digre ab ea parte,
all.
;

on that side.
16.

See note on p.
54,

13,
i.

1.

23.
;

sagittariis
this
is

this is

an exception to

end.

saepe,

etc.

the cause of

what

follows,

non,

etc.

secundis rebus,

54, x.,

from

their

success.

25. his and illis are abl. abs. with certantibus, which is followed by pro, etc, 51, l. note. canere is here neuter, having signa for subject. tantummodo sauciare, i.e., they were in too great haste to kill them. ex culpa, for what was really

hlameworthy.

138. Lucius CoRNELius SuLLA, born

wards the great
rival of

B.c. 138,
civil

Marius

in a

bloody

war.

was afterMarius
and a man
produced,

was merely a
of letters,

one of

soldier ; but Sulla

was

also a statesman

the greatest meri

whom Rome

but stained with licentiousness, avarice,

cruelty.
city,
4.

and cold-blooded
in the

The

office

of Quaestor

was that of treasurer

paymaster in the army.

(Ilb. 135.)
to the

quos

relates,

hj Synesis,

individuals implied in

equitatus.
10. juxta, at the same time, qualifies Graecis atque Latinis: simulanda ac atque doctissume, and very thoroughly too. victoriam: b.c. 82, dissimulanda, pretending and concealing. SuUa obtained a final victory over the party of INIarius (who had died four years before), and ruled as perpetual dictator, until he laid down his power in 79, shortly after which he died.

fecerit, 70, note.

25. aliis

borrowed money
debts.

ees mutuum, per se ipse, i.e., non rogantibus. ; he wouhl rather give away money than pay his
i.e.,

repetere,

ses

mutuum.

not

uncommon

phiral of jocus.

joca, a multus fbrmultum; onhand.

illi,

for sibi.

129.

After the events above described, Marius returned to

winter quarters to Cirta.


NOTES
6.

alius,

SALLUST.
scoids.
47,

269
ix.
;

speculatores,
ceteri,

his

oioii

sub-

ject of significabant witli

neque,
130.
3.

subj.

i.e.,
i.

the

omnes; redeuntes in manus, infaiitiy.

agrees witli the

to

dose quarters.

43,

iiote.

vitabundus, dodging.

ing on posse).

niti, sc.

surgere.

pati, 49, (not depend visus, a noun.

iir.

Bocchus being at
tiations

last tired of the war, enters into nego-

with

JNIarius,

and secretly concludes a peace with the

Romans, with the iutention of betraying Jugurtha into their

hands, immunity being promised to himself.
17. arbitratu, i.e., with fuU powers.

Balearic Isles were fanied as sHngers.

The inhabitants of the The Pehgnians were one

of the brave races of central Italy

than
these were as

the velitaria

hghter than the arms of thc legions (Ilb. 157).

lcss
;

arma were secus atque,

i.e.,

good

as

any for

this

purpose.

80. victoribus, 51, vi.

131
sc.

on jubet.

vigilia, see note on page hne 24. metabatur, " a way of saying that he would have castra. apud illum
12,
;

17.

cenatos esse,

to get tlieir sujipers Jinished,

depends

done the bad deed, and kept the

30. strenuis, 51, viii. note.

friiit

of it."

(Long.)

13^.
which
is

1.

inermis, from inermus, a form quite

as

as.

common

for

the nom.

inermis (Klotz).

nudum,
i.

etc.

i.e.,

the back,

unprotected.

faceret, 63,
also subject of

ejus and illum refer

;

to Jtigurtha,

who

is

haberet
hini
;

suo, to Vohix.
theij
is

uti in tali negotio, considering the circumstances

acciderant,
illo

were in.

tlieij

had come upon

11. 1.

this

word
illo,

not often

used of persons.
26. deligeret, 67,

sese, Bocchus

Snha;

cum

depends upou consulta, reierriug to some former interview integra habere, maintain unimpaired. It is generahy supposed
that a few words have beeu lost after pertimesceret, to the effect
tliat

he (the ambassador) had heen invited iviih design.

is

visse, 67, iv. 2; caveri

also impersonal.

nequi comperior, /
.

am

convinced

this

the Jugurtha.

Punica fide

verb

is

deponent only
;

iu two intances, both in want of faith was a favorite charge

of the

Romans
0.

against the Carthaginians (Pceni)

Rex, i.e., Boechus. conventam, agreed upon. consultum, etc, a plan and the estahlishnient of peace. ab

l33.


270
omnibus veniretur
idea

is,

LATIN READER.

shoiild liave got liim into his

;

= omnes venirent. in potestatem; the power. fore uti fieret,

common way
(as

67,

III.

this is a raore
iri

of expressing a
iri,

fut.

inf.

pass.

than that with

reliotum

below).
note
;

non

sua

ignavia sed ob rempublicam, 54,

in potestate.
22. ut,
etc.,

i.

first

they qualify

as

(theij

loere)

impetuous, so

(too,

they were)

Jickle; sibi advorsae, contradictory

81. dicitur,

67, iv.

1.

quae
;

is

subject of patefecisse,

depending on scilicet
closed, &c.

'(sci licet)

which things of course dis-

134L.

11.

This was the famous invasion of the Cimbri and

Celtic

and German hordes, which invaded Italy, and kept it in a state of terror for several years. Caepio and Manlius were defeated b.c. 105, the year in which Jugurtha was captured. Marius was chosen consul for five successive years, and at last cut them to pieces in two great battles. illim, an old form of illinc, from that time. consul; tliis is incorrect he was at this time proconsul. triumphavit (Ilb. 160^).
Teutones,

OVID.
Peligni, b.c. 43.
poet,

PuBLius OviDius Naso was born in Sulmo, a town of the He was a highly endowed and voluminous
and
for

a long time enjoyed

favor at

tlie

court of

Augustus, but was suddenly banished by him, from some

unknown

cause, to the northern coast of the

Ilis

Euxine Sea,
is

wliere he died, a.d. 17.

principal

work

tlie

Meta-

morphoses, a collection of mythical fables, tohl iu hexameter

verse.

Pliaethon was son of Phcebus and Clymene.

Ilis

mates

baving refused
to
liis

to credit his

being the

soii

of a god, he goes

fatlier to
1.

ask for a certain proof.

III. 1.

13^.

solis, 78,
;

sublimibus,
11.

id. 11. 3. id.

clara,
ir.

id. iri. 5, Yi.

11.

5.

nutidum,
lumine,
II. 4.

id. iii. 6,

i.

auro, tenebat,
id.

8. imitante,

G.

id. irr. 5, \^

superabat

id. iri. 2.

argenti,

id. ri. 7.

even surj^assed, id.

iir. G, 11.

aequora,

id. iii. 1, exc.

OVID.

271

NOTES
8.

caeruleos, dark hlue, the color of the sea

fore to the gods

of

the sea.
;

Tritona, a Greek

applied there-

forni of the acc.,

Triton was the companion of Neptune. 11, III. 4, note Proteus was a sea-god, who had the power of assuming different immania, 78, iii. 5, vii. shapes. ^gaeon was another

name

for

Briareus,

the hundred-handed

giant;

Doris, a sea-

goddess, wife of Nereus, and mother of the Nereids or sea-nymphs.

natas,
78,
15.

78,
IV.

III. 5,

m. videntur, 49, quaedam, videntur.

3.

i.

end.

mole, a

rock,

sc.

scribed.

Terra answers to unda in v. 8 the carved work is designa, the signs of the zodiac. imago, 78, iii. 5, iii.

19. acclivo,

78,

iii.

5,

ferebat,

i.e.,

could not bear.

;

Dies, etc, the personified

ix.

Clymeneia,

47, 5, v.

deities

of these divisions of time the Horee are usually the sea^ons in mythology, but here the word is used in its prose meaning. calcatis; in allusion to the custom of treading out the wine.
28. spicea, 44,
33.
iii.

1.

novitate,

78,

iii. 6,

iv.

publica, common

to all.

40.

Deposuit;
II.

see v. 22.

amplexu,

iii.

78,

11.

9.

depends upon dignus, by an exception to

65, iv.
4.

negari es,
1.

78,

3, exc.

edidit,

id.

3,

exc.

and

quodvis,
3, exc.

juranda, me, 78, 11. 1. from quivis, any you ijlease. paliis, the Styx, by which the gods 51, I. second note. incognita, because the sun's swore their most solemn oaths.

beams never reach the

voce.

loAver worhl.

jus,

78,

11.

negarem, sc. 50. tua, sc. 78, iii. 2, exc. si possem, 59, iv. 2; confiteor is used parenthetically. superis, those conveniant, 65, i. istis, thy ; 20, 11.
above,
i.c., the

dare,
is

gods.

fas

nescius, ignorantly,
is, let

what is permitted by divine law. Placeat, 64, iv. the meaning 47, vi.

axe the axle is each ofthe gods have hisfancy, still, &c. put for chariot, by the figure called synecdoche, by which the part agat, 60, 2; rector, i.e., Jupiter. is put for the whole.
;

this is

one of the few cases in which the

subj.

may be rendered

can.

Tethys was wife of Oceanus (god of the ocean), and mother of Clymene the mother of rhaethon. Finge, suppose. orbi, 51, i. cetera, sc. sidera. delubra, 78, illic, i.e., in the heavens. axis, i.e., caeli.
65.

The

subject of

fit is

videre.

iiT.

5, II.

formas,

i.e.,

the constellations of the zodiac, eight

of which represent animals.

LATIN READER.

Haemonios, ut, when.

272
78. ut,

aWiough.
;

Thessalian
vvhich

the

in had its ignibus limits animosus.

Rdversi, fronting home Thessaly.

yotL.

i.e.,

archer was represented as a centaur, a race

aliter,
iii

another diredion.

in promptu,
iii.

easi/.

89. sanguine, 54, viii.

100.
mitted.

summse
agmina

ne dubita,

58,

qua licuit, as

timendo, i.e.,foryoursafefy. long as it was per-

rotce, the outside of ihe wheel.

Phcebo =
is

Sole

this is the figure called

metonymy, by which a word

put

for another to
efFect,

which

it

stands in some relation, as of cause and

or here that of ruling and guiding.

cogit, hriug

113.
star.

quae,

up

the rear.

subject of

petere,
;

agrees with Titan

= Phoebus
;

Lucifer, the morning depending on vidit, which

the Titans were an early race of

gods, and Phoebus was son of the Titan Hyperion.

/acZ/w^.

^ ambrosiae

i.e.,

extremee,
it,

the food of the gods, and so of their horses.

;

121. ora, the countenance

patientia agrees with

able to

endure.
circles
;

flammae,
the
is

50,

iii.

directos, straight across thefive

equator,

tropics,

and poles

the

sectus in

obliquum limes
temperate zones.
131.

que,

the EcHptic, which touches only the torrid and

after polum, hoth. pressam below) means

to

to bear down, so as juvet, 68, 11. note. Aurora, be towards the horizon. quae relates to lumina dare dei^ends goddess of the morning.
(also

preme

on sine (from sino) the rcgular construction after gaudet would 150. contingere
;

be contingere, by

70,

iii.,

or

quod

contingit, by
the

70, iv.

The names
ing.

repagula,
III.

of the horses

mean fery, of
(llb.

dawn, burning,fam-

over or entrance to.

165. inani, sc.

48,

note.

euros 211). currui. quo ordine

; ,

the barriers of a race-course.

copia,

power

refers to

eo understood,
sciret, 59,

si sciat

we shouhl expect the imp.

IV. 2.

Triones (septem) the seven stars which mark the conGreat Bear it had been forbidden Calhsto, who Bootes, now was changed into this constellation, ever to rest.
170.
stellatlon of the
;

Arcturus, a constellation near the Great Bear,

174.

tenepenitus penitusque, deeper and deeper below. Meropis, sc. filius Mcrops was the brae, i.e., from dizziness. pinus, i.c., navis, by synecdoche scc husband of Clymene. frena this is a metaphorical use of the note on axe, v. 58. word, the ship being spoken of as a horse.


NOTES
195.

OVID.
lacertis
;

273

que connects cauda and

;

the Scorpion originally

occupied double space

claws had been. poison; cuspide, the pointed

tiaiitur, leave the road.

afterwards Libra was inserted where its madidum heated by the sun, and sweating
;

tail,

where the sting

sc.

lies.

expa-

qua and hac,

via, 55, iv.

Artemis (Diana) w^as goddess of the moon, as her whatever (Y>sirts) ut qvL^eqae Tellus, a poetical word raeaning the earth as a heavenly body. arbos the figure by which one part of a word is used for another
207.

Luna

brother Apollo of the sun.

(here the sing. for the pl.)

216. Scythia, Tartary
;

is

called enallage.

Caucasus, the mountains between the Ossa, Tindus, and Olympus arc in Euxine and Caspian Seas.

Thessaly.

Apenninus

this is a

spondaic verse, 82,

i.

note.

224. calido, 45, v. 2.

227. in
sis

corpora summa,
;

to tlie

from pando

dishevelled.

Dirce, Amymone, and

passurface of ihe hodies. Pirene are

and Corinth (the old name of which Tanais, Don; sortita, possessing (by lot). was Ephyre), The Tagus, in the Alpheos and Spercheos are rivers in Greece. Masoniawas the ancient name Spain, was a gold-bearing stream. of Lydia, the chief river of which was the Cayster, famed for its
fountains in Thebes, Argos,

swans.
as
it

The source

of the Nile was a problem to the ancients,

The Cyclades arc a group of islands about so called because they form a rude the thcse are the sacred island Delos. Cycladas, Delphines as and. es are usually long Greek endings, see 78, note Nereus was the husband of Doris. aquis, by 78, 54, coUo, 56, 46. viscera, 42, 255. fontes, infra = inferius, opposuit manum, to shicld her would be a mihi. auctore; periturae, crouching. consolation to perish by the thunderbolt of Jove. tuus, 271. vobis, Dis. fac, grant. frater, gratia. fratris Poseidon (Neptune). Quod, 52, mea, 50, end. utrumque, in 278. Atlas, one of the Titans, who sustained the heavens on &c. shouhlers, neque enim she spoke no more, of the os, 78, Manibus the manes were the the infernal regions. departed, and are put by metonymy dried up. 291. nubes; the clouds and showers had been
213.

has rcmained until our

Pkito.

own

day.
in

Regem, ^gean Sea,

circle

final

II.

3.

VI.

iii.

i.

5.

i.e.,

face.

i.e.,

sc.

it

i.e.,

sc.

i.e.,

iv.

limits

11.

1,

eacli direction.

his

i.e.,

for,

II. 2,

spirits

for

all


274
expulit
cJie
;

LATIN READER.
this

Ibr

curru)

word properly applies only to rotis (put by synecdothe figure bywhich it is joined also with vita (with
;

which privavit would be the right word) is called zeugma. 305. diverso, i.e., in the west. Eridanus, the Po
also

been identified with the Rhone. Naides (naiades), rivernyniphs Hesperia was the poetic nanie of Italy. oorpora, by sitvs enallaye for corpus. v and u were the same letters
;

it

has

anciently.

318.

mox,

i.c.,

when the limbs themselves had

perished.

32 J:. Haliades from Helias, daugliter ofthe sun; a femininc patronymic, 44, i. 3. morti put for mortuo by metonymy.

adsteruntur,
i.e.,

23,

o,

prostrate tliemselces.
its
;

junctis

cornibus,

Phaethusa and Lampetie

17,
III.

the crescent had joined

horns and become the fuU moon.

these names, signifying hright and

sliining, are well suited to the

end.

cum vellet,

rigescunt.

daughters of the sun.

maxima,

ivishing; the subjunctive with

participle.

cum

may

often be rendcred

by the present
trpJiat,

eat, 59, iv. 1. mythology divined the true origin of amber, as a guni from trees, which was long a puzgestanda amber was a favorite material for zle to naturalists.
ii.

sole

337. faciat, 60, 3.

qualifies

electra
;

66,
;

necklaces,&c.,

among

the

Roman

ladies

they carried balls of

it

in

their hands for coolness.

"

The

Fasti of the Romans," says Ramsay, " corresponded

very closely to a modern almanac, and the Fasti of Ovid be considered as a poetical Year-Book' or Companion
' ' '

may

lo the

Roman Almanac."
banishment
;

Tliis
it

work was commenced before Ovid's

is

whether

was ever completed

uncertain, as

only six books are extant.

Each

of these

is

devoted to one

month, describing the

ing

festivals of thc

months, and interweav-

much

liistorical

and mythical matter.

the

The

Fasti did for

for

Roman mythology what

Metamorphoses did

Greek.

The metre of the Fasti is the Elegiac ( 82, ii.). Book iii. of the Fasti, devoted to the month of March,
here given, with sucli omissions as bring
limits
;

is

it

within reasonable

it

contains, complete, eight

hundred and eighty-four

verses.

The

following

is

the calendar of this month,

the

first

day being
;

the Kalends, the seventh the Nones, and the fifteenth the Ides

NOTES
;

OVID.
;

275

3. (v. Non.) 2. (vi.Non.)E.F. l.D. (kAL.MAR.)NP. 6. (prid. 4. (iv. Non.) G.C.; 5. (iii. Non.) H.C. IIOC. DIE. CAESAK. POMIF. MAXIM. FACT. EST. Noil.) A.NP. 8. (viii. Id.) C.F. ; 9. (vii. Id.) D.C. 7. (NoN.) B.F

F.C.

13.

10. (VI.

Id.)E.C.; 11.
Id.) II.EN.
;

(v. Id.) F.C.

12.
;

(iv. Id.)

G.C.

16. (xvii. Kal. Aprilis) C.F. 17. (xvi. Kal. Apr.) D. NF.; 18. (xv. Kal. Apr.) E.C.; 19. (xiv. Kal. Apr.) G.C. ; 21. Kal. Apr.) F. Qvin. N. 20. Kal. Apr.) A.N. 23. (x. Kal. Kal. Apr.) II.C.; 22. Kal. Apr.) C.Q. Rex. C.F. Apr.) B. TvHiL. NP. 24. Kal. Apr.) E.C. 27. Kal. Apr.) D.C. 26. 25. die. caehak. alexand. recepit Kal. Apr.) F.NP. Kal. Apr.) II.C. 30. (m. 28. (v.Kal.Apr.)G.C. ; 29. Kal. Apr.) C.C. Kal. Apr.) A.C. (N.P.); 31.
(Em.) B. NP.
Liii.
:

(III.

; 14.

(prid. Id.)

A. EQ. NF.

; 15.

(xiii.

(xii.

(xi.

(ix.

(viii.

(vii.

(vr.

iioc.

(iv.

(prid.

A, B, &c., standing first, represent the days of the Ilonian week of eij>ht days on whichever of these letters the liist Nuadlnce, or market day, of the year fell, the others came on the

The

letters

Tho letters standlng next indicate sanie through the whole year. F., Fastus, on which the the character of the day (Ilb. 210). N., Nefastus C, Comitiales, pr^tor could hold his court; when the comitia could be held; NP., Nefastus priore, i.e.', in
;

first

half;
;

nefastus

the 24th day

EN., Endotercisus (intercisus) half fastus, half is quando rex coniitiavit fastus, fastas
,

when
race;

the

rex sacrificulus
;

(Ilb. 147) has perforined sacrifice in

is

the Comitium

EQ.

(14th day)
is

the equiria, or annual horse-

Tvbil (2od day)

the

purification of trumpets, tubi-

lustrium; Qvin (19th day) is the Festival of INIinerva. Minervae i.e., alpoetae, 51, vi. 3. roges, 60, 4. ingenuis, though slie is the goddess of wisdom and indu,^try. PaUas was vacat, i.e., for that reason. icorthy of afreeman.

an epithet of the Grecian Athena, who was identified with the Rouian Minerva. 9. ter senos, 18, 11. 3. proles Romulus and Rcmus, sons of Mars by the priestess Rea Sylvia (or Ilia) they had been exposed in their infancy, in order to perish, but found by the shepherd Faustulus, who brought them up as his own children. genus theirmotherwas abactos, i.e., apraedonibus. actos daughter of Numitor, the rightful king of Alba, wlio had been

dispossessed by his brother Ainulius.

pater editus

i.e.,

Mars,

dedared thelrfather.


276
19.

LATIN READER.

quamvis properly means however

61, 2
;

by

but in the latcr writers

it

although, with the indic.

transsiluisse

mucli, and takes the subj. was used for quamquam,

;

when Rcmus jumped

was killed by his brother. pater, Romulus. credor, 67, iv. 1. anno, dative. 29. et tamen, not hut that ; Mars was in the earlicst times the chicf god of Latium. hoc the suprcmacy of Mars.
s

ovcr his brothcr

walis in derision, he

totidem kalendas thc Roman year originally consistcd of only tcn months. mensibus, 54, v. end. facundum, eloquent, from fa-ri, to speak and termination cundus. pila
33.
;

thc pilum, a short heavy javclin, was

the

distinctive

Roman
sidcreal

wcapon.
39.

Thcy had notyet noticcd

signa
;

that twclve

moons made a

ycar.

a play
in

upon

this

word, wliich in versc 41 mcans

constellations,

ohserve.

foeno,

and

the next military standards.

tenebant,
first

54, i.,

hcre expressing matcrial

thc

stand-

ard was a wisp of hay.

mensibus
of four ycars

47. animi, 50,

i.

4.

ratione,

not reason, but reasoning.

the

decem,
;

54, v. ciid:

lustrum was a pcriod

but herc, and in a fcw othcr cascs, it is considcrcd to havc been fivc ycars, an irregularity which " may probably bc

traccd to the irrcguhirity with which thc sacrificc of the

'

histruni'

was performcd.''
;

(Ramsay.)

52. Pompilius Numa Pompilius, tlic second king of Romc, who was invitcd from Curcs, a Sabinc town. To him most of the rcligious institutions of thc city are ascribcd. deductus this

woi-d

mcans
:

Samio

escoiied with ceremony.

hoc,

52, iii. (1) note.

Pythagoras, a philosopher of Samos,

;

taught

the

transmigration of souls

he Hvcd, however, a long time aftcr the

allcged reign of Numa. Bgeria, a nymph, was fablcd to have bcen thc wifc of Numa, and to have taught him nuich wisdom. 55. errabant the year consisted of 355 days, and it was the
;

rulc that cvcry other ycar a

month was

intercalated, of alternatcly
lcft,

23 and 22 days.

This intercalation was

;

however, to the

and the result was *' a degree of uncertainty and confusion, to which we can find no parallcl in thc history of a civilized people. Accordingly, whcn Caesar became
caprice of the pontifices
. .
.

dictator, the year

.

was about two months

in

advance of thc scasons.

To

take a single cxample.

Ciccro, in one of his Epistlcs to

Atticus (X. 17), says that at the timc

journcy was dclayed by the Equinox.

whcn he was writing, his The date affixed to this


NOTES
letter
is

OVID.
16th of May.

277

XVII. Kal. Jun.,

it

i.e.,

In order to remedy

was found necessary to add sixty-seven days to This was in the dictatorship of Cajsar, who the year, 46 b.c." proceeded to guard against such trouble in future, by reforniing the calendar the year was to be of 365 days, with a day (Feb. 29) intercalated every year which can be divided by 4. This is the This was still not quite accurate, however and Julian Calendar. Pope Gregory XIII., in the sixteenth century of our era, established the Gregorian Calendar, by which the intercalation is omitted in each year which can be divided by 100, but not
these defects,
: ;

by 400.
56. in multis, inJiis
like his successors,

many

didies.

ille

deus; Julius
death.

Caesar,

was

deilied
this

after

his

propaginis;
to enter as

Augustus,
of Julius.

in

whose reign

deus and hospes, 46 nor, when a god, a stranger, &c. moras, the periods of time.
or leap-year. four years.
67.

was written, was the adopted son

64. e pleno, etc. out of a full day (made up of the extra hours in the three intervening years) constructed the fourth period,

lustrum

here stands properly for the period of

into battle)

The poet here addresses Mars Gradivus (going

virilibus;

the festival Matronalia, celebrated by matrons,

fell

on the

first

day of March.
'AprjC is

with

u^^rjv."

(Paley.)

Dio,

" 3Iars
field.'

is

connected with mas, as

iii, 2.

33,

in nova cas-

tra;

i.e.,

into

an unaccustomed

79. hujus, sc.

lieved.

Romae;

i.e.,

venit in astra, i.e.,became a god. Romanus, male, hardly compare male forte, 36. vellet,
;

regia;

which now
still

exists.

credita, be-

the palace of the kings

stood by the Forum.

44, iv. 5. 65, iv. 2.
i.e.,

v.

95.

mentem; "
craft.''^

not

animum,

courage, but
loith.

mentem,

silium,

(Paley.)

toUe, aivay

Consus,

con-

usually

under-world.

have been a god of the Aug. 21, the Roman youths seized upon the Sabine virgins who were come to see the games of the festival, and made them their wives. Gures was the chief town of the Sabines, and most of the virgins were from that town. The address of Mars to Romulus ends at the word Conso. sua,

called the Equestrian Neptune, appears to

On

his festival,

appropriate.
101. fere,
III.

matrum,

for

tlie

most part,
i.

i.e.,

50,

3.

propinqua,

most of them.

raptee,

47,

dictam, appoinied

for this purpose.

mea

i.o.. tcith

relatives.

nurus, Hersilia, wife


278
of Roinulus.
thej were
106,
all

LATIN READER.

hoc

commune, " They had

(Paley.)
;

not

all children,

but

captives alike."

non
;

ultra, no longer

114. lituus, a curved horn, used in the cavalry.

campum
prima,

see 47, \ni.

i.

et incom., 51,

campi, sentirent, 61, dative com. note. diem, app. with Kalendas. quae

1.

lente pie, quietly faitliful.

viris,

for

in

ichich first, i.e.,

on that occasion, witnessed

this action.

CBbalise
Ironi the

= Sabinae

the Sabines were fabled to be descended

Lacedaunonians, of whoni G^balus was an ancient king.

Salii (Hb. 149) were a budy of priests

130.

The
;

who
is

carried

the sacred shields,

ancilia; the story

ol'

their origin

related

Mamurius was a nanie of Mars, upon whom tho Salii nemori stagnoque; the grove and lake of Diana at Aricia; it is still called the Lake of Nemi the nymph was Egeria;
below
called.
;

see note to v. 54.

operata, devoted

to the service.

135. Ilippol} tus

was the son of Theseus, king of Athens.

By
own

an

artifiice

of his stepmother he was dashed to pieces by his

horses, but
Aricia,

was restored to life by iEsculapius, and transferred to where he was worshipped under the name Virbius.
this refers to the custocn,

tabella;
gift to

when

in

danger, of vowing a

some god, and

after recovery or preservation, consecrating

pictures representing the danger.

Italy.

The same

custora

still

exists in

Among

such offerings to the Diana of Aricia, were lighted

torches brought by
called

women.

Regna; the priest of

this sanctuary,

was a fugitive slave, who must obtain his place by attacking and killing his predecQssor. Camenae: these were nymphs of a fountain, possessing oracular powers tiiey were afterwards identified with the Greek Muses. 149. ne, ete. that the more vigorous should not have all the power. aequum, 47, iv. (1). vina salsaque farra; these were connnon offerings to the gods. aquis, 54, vi. ne ter-

Rex Nemorensis,

rere, 58,

iii.

1.

Picus

and Faunus were old Italian gods of

46.

nature.

numen utrumque,

163. sine vi, unless forced.

" Tiie supreme god

is

too awful to

be approached at once by a mortal.

deities
is

Tlie interventiou of inferior

necessary to extort the required secret.

sky,

are reluctant to employ the potent spells which

frora the

Avill

Yet even they bring him

selves."

arte.

and only do so because they cannot help themadhibeto, 58, iii. end. qua agrees with The Aventine was the southernmost of the sevcn hills of
(Paley.)

llome, famous for a temple of Diana.

niger, dark; ater

is

bluc/c;


NOTES
OVID

2 79

the ilex, or evergreen oak, has a very dark foliage.

posses,

60,

1.

Bacchi = vini. arcta agrees

Faunus was represented,
i.

witli

vincla; in governs

manus.

per
54,

182.

te, 54,

end.

ab arte;

like the
this is

Grecian Pan, with horns.

an unusual construction

persons require ab by
I.

56, iv., things take the abl. alonc by

nobis,

see 56, iv. note.

51, viii. end.

Styx;

see note on Phaethon, v. 45.

Elicium; thetemple of Jupiter Elicius

was on the Aventine. 207. amb-age, a going around, or ohscuritij ; remota is here used as an adjcctive, disiant or ohscure ; the ingenuity by which

Numa avoided human

facito [ut] procures

sacrifices is
;

now

related.

animam,
;

life.

make atonemcnt.
242.

Cynthius, an epithet of Apollo.

is

a formal style of imperative

see that thou

231. margine, the horizon.

submisere

generally rendered cast doicn; Paley thinks

here

it

should be cast up.

ancile

the prefix

an or

amb

means

on hoth sides ; but it is impossible to derive this word, with Ovid, from caedo perhaps from caelo, to carve, as the ancile was an oval imperii limits sorshield, hollowed in on each side of the oval.

tem.

morum, etc, whether more precise in character,

;

or,

&c.

munificus,

made up
26o.

to

vocant; this story was expLain the occurrence of the word in the hymn.
17,
i,

note.

Mamurium

nota; thc day before this (in a passage omitted) has Marti, sc. mensis; two marks of distinction the Nones but one. this use of the gcn. of the name of the month, limiting Nonis, is the regular form would be Martiis Nonis, 15, end. rare Vejovis; this word is generally explained to mean " the cvil
;

Una

Jupiter," corresponding to Siva or Satan

ever, doubtful.

the

meaning

is,

howthe

This temple was in the hollow between the two

heights of the saddle-shaped Capitohne, where

Romulus opened

Asylum.
268. invidiosa, an ohject ofenvy.

cur-ve;

78,

11.

1,

note

the adverb, from curvus, would be curve, 78,

;

11. 6.

jviven-

alis the statue of Vejovis on the Asylum was youthful, hokling a bundle of arrows, for which reason he was often identified with ausos, 72, 2. The Giants were sons of Uranus and ApoUo. " terrible they were to look upon Gaia (Heavcn and Earth)

long, thick hair flowed

chin and head, and their feet were covered with serpents' seales." (Ramsay.) Thcy attacked Zeus (Jupiter), and were by liim vanquished. It was not the

down from


2So

LATIN READER.

giants, but the Aloidae,

Ossa.

Jovi,

Otus and Ephialtes, that piled Pelion upon

51, viii. note.

:

277. The goat was sacred to Vejovis Ovid identifies it with the goat with whose milk the infant Zeus was nourished by the nymphs vegrandia and vesca. " These illustrations have in Crete. not been happily selected. There can be no doubt that 've' does

possess the force of a negative in certain words, such as 'vecors'

and 'vesanus;' but 'vegrandis' and 'vescus' have been quoted by the old grammarians as examples of words to which the particle in question communicates a double meaning the former
.

being either
eating,'
'

'

not large
'

or
'

'

very hirge
'

'

the latter, either

eating.' "

'

little

small,'

weak,'

delicate,' or

much

(Ramsay.)

284. The winged horse Pegasus sprang from the blood of the Gorgon Medusa, when her head was cut off by Perseus. connect cervice with prosiluisse, sanguine with respersis. aquas;

the fountain Hippocrene (^fountain of tlie horse), at the foot of Mount Helicon, sacred to the Muses, was caused by a stroke of the

hoof of Pegasus.
294.

subter sidera,

56,

i.

3.

Gnosida, from Gnossus, a

city

of Crete, the birthplace of

Ariadne, daughter of Minos, king of Crete.

She had forsaken her

the island of

home with Theseus, but was abandoned by him on

Naxos, and discovered there by Dionysus {Bacchus). Theseo, conjuge, 54, i. we should say, had exchanged her 47, V.

faithless hushandfor, &c.

she had saved Theseus from the labyrinth, by giving him a clew of thread by which to trace his way. legenda, to be gathered, so traced hack. ille, Theseus. Liber, a Roman divinity identified with Bacchus.;

quae, Ariadne

depexos crinibus,
307. Theseu,
condition
is

straight-haired;

" to distinguish them from

(Paley.)
est,

the tribes of East Africa,

who had woolly hair." causa relata mea 10, 10.

renewed.
tears.

nulla = non. in

mi/ former lacrimas meas, as

causing

my

322. falli depends.on digna; the usual construction would be

quae fallar, 65, iv. 1. audibat audiebat, 33, iii. 3. vocabula, a name; Libera was the female goddess corresponding sint, sc. to Liber usually identified with Proserpine (Hb. 65) ut, depending on faciam. illa (^Venus), coronae, 50, i. 3. sc. dedit. illa (v. 334), i.e., corona. 3;15. Anna Perenna (per annos) is the goddess of the re;
.

volving year, especially connected with the changing

moon

for

which reason her

festival

came appropriately on the full-moon

NOTES

OVID.

281

(Ides) of the

first

month of the year.

spirit that

This festival was hold in

the fields north of the city, near the present city walls.

merry

from genius, the

was born with each man.

advena, because the Thybris (Tiber) rose in Jove, in the opeii air ; Jupiter was originally the god of the Sky, and in many expressions this primitive meaning is preserved. aliquibus, by analogy with 67, i. 1, note we Sunt quibus

geniale, Etruria. Sub

;

by 65, iv. 2. sumant, 66, i. cyathos; the cyathus was a measure of about one-third gill. 345. Nestor and the Sibyl both reached a great age. per calioes suos, as far as the nimber of ciips could effect it. jactant manus, i.e., gesticulate. posito, laid aside, or, as

should expect the subj. after

it

Taley in middle. dur^s, awkward. culta, well-dressed or hedizened. volgi, 10, 356. proposito meo, according my plan. 2Bnese, 50,
tlnuks, j^laced
the

9.

to

way from Troy to Italy, iEneas was entertained at Carthage by Queen Dido and her sister Anna. Dido loved him; and, when he left, killed herself. This is Virgifs
iii.

(Ilb. 44).

Ou

his

story; here Ovid takes up the tale. arserit is used the first time for the flame of love, the secoud for material fire. compositus, a technical expression, like interred. tumuli in mar-

more,

i.e.,

on the marble tomb.

11.

302. ipsa sua; 78,

5. potitur;
;

this

form of the third

larbas had becn a

conj. fi-equently occurs in poetry

lable

is

called Systole.

spretum,

the shortening of a long sylsc.

rival of

iEneas for the love of Dido. of Dido. reppulit; re is short, but

Elissa was another name

is

esse

frequently lengthened by

the figure called Biasiole, in Avhich case the following consonant

is

sometimes doubled.
369.

olim, sometimes.
j^assed.
;

rege;

the ancients

callcd the queen-bee, king.

Three years had

area, the threshing-fioor

lacus, the wine vat.

receive (are

libatas, poured out, i.e., falling ; and touched by) the hair falling from her head, as she
illis,

nudandas,

Tertia =/o)' the third time; to he hared of the chaif;

leans over.

51, v.

pede

aequo, in straight course

to the

pes is the sheet, or rope, that fastens the sail, and sets it wind this means, then, before the wind. 379. Cosyra, Pa nt ell a r ia, is a.n island half-way between
;

Sicily
i.
i.

aud Afrlca

Melita, Malta,
;

is

quantulacumque

fuither East.

opum,

see foot of T. 6.

servasset,

50,

68,

4.

Tygmidion was king of Tyre, brother of Dido and

Anna. exilio,


282
dative afler paranda.

LATIN READER.

perosus,

38,

i.

2.

quovis,
and neuter

from

quivis, any ichataoever.

39o. The Crathis was a river Carbasa this word is feminine
;

in the southern part of Italy.

in the singular,

in the

plural (heterogeneoiis, 14, 11.).

406. The reading of MerkePs edition of 1853

this line is doubtful

;

we have
is abl.,

followed

in

1841 he gave at and vix for aut and

;

his, whichis also Paley's reading

dat. after poscit, referring to

probably votis

habenis,

exsul,

and his

47, iii. end.

oculos, by metonymy ; puppis for navis, by " some ground, i.e., even though in the grave. For it was thought the greatest of misfortunes to be unburied, if one was lost at sea.'' (Paley.) Laurentum was a
synecdoche,

lumina

aliquam

for

town on the coast of Latium, about sixteen miles from Rome, so called from its laurel groves here -^neas had come from Carthage, and was founding his new kingdom, having married Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus.
;

415.

Achate

we shouhl expect ab by

the faithful Ibllower of iEneas.

veniret, iEneas, sc. miratur. 60, 3; 57. 423. Cythereius; ^Eneas was son of Venus, one of whose names was Cytherea. tui, 19, iii. quam, 48, iii. second note 52, vi. comites ^ueas had broiight with 70.

sustinet,

56, iv.

Achates was

is ahle.

him the Penates, or houseliokl gods, and established

at
liis

their worship

new

city,

Lavinium.

moras

he tarried in Carthage,

when

the gods had directed him to go to Italy. de morte, sc. Didus. credibili, neut., an exception to 47, iv. (1) note slte (Dido) loas hraver than could have heen helieved, as was shown by her death. Tartareas; iEneas had visited the infernal regions, and had there seen the shade of Dido. ratio, a plan or

design.

435. memores, sc. nos. tibi and Elissae, dat. after debemus. nil non, every thing a litotes. paratus, 52, iv.

end.
449.

exactum, thought
i.

out, agrees with

quid agat.
tlie

squalgod was
per;

enti, 25,

note.

459. Numicius, a small river near Lavinium

represented

Avith

horns.

Sidonis,

44,

i.

3.

Amne
is

river

enne

this

is

given as one derivation of the name

Anna Perenna

" the form of the abhitive in e peculiar to Ovid." (Paley.)

fro^n adjectives in is

said to be

NOTES

283
was assassinated on
tlie

OVID.

467. It

Is

well

Ides of March,

Vesta, goddess of the hearth.

known

that Julius CaBsar

head of the Koman

476. Cffisar held the priestly office of Pontifex Maximus, the rhillppi was the scene religion. (Hb. 143.)

of the great battle, b.c. 42, in which Brutus and Cassms, the chiefs of the cont-piracy against Csesar, were defeated by Antony

and Octavianus, and

Csesaris
;

lost their Hves.

elementa, beginnings.
Julius
Caesar,

Octavius,

the

great-nephew of

was

adopted by him as

his son, receiving his adoptive father's

distinguished by the

cognomen

(Ilb. 127) Octavianus

name, he was

afterwards called Augustus.

483. Tertia; this was

reckoning the date, 83.

March 17, both days being counted in Some of the exploits and conquests of

Bacchus are enumerated

;

in these lines.

Sithonas, Thracian.
and was torn

Scythicos the Scythians were the Tartar tribes north and east Tu quoque Pentheus, king of Thebes, of the Caspian Sea.
;

who
by

resisted the

religion of Dionysus,

in pieces

Lycurgus a king of own mother in a fanatic frenzy. Thrace, who in a similar frenzy cut off one of his own k^gs with a Bacc-hus was captured by Tyirhenian Tyrrhena hatchet.
his
;

pirates,
sacrifice,

whom

liba, cakes used in he turned into dolphins. made of cheese, flour, and an agg, over which honey was

poured.
492. " Grass

kindled for sacrifice."

uien with ears and
26)
;

grew upon the ahars where no fire was ever libamen and libum are of (Ramsay).

course derived fiom libo, not liber.

tails

satyris

the satyrs Avere

(Ilb.

of goats,

who accompanied Bacchus

;

they are often represented as playing on cymbals

is

the bees were attracted, as

their natnre.

Hebrus, a river

by these
in

Thrace

Rhodope and Pangeea,

mountiiins in the same country.

;

510. levis, smooth (headcd), hald

this

was

Silemis, the chicf

one in the train of Dionysus, an old man, generally drunk. " residebat expresses the lazy, slouching attitude of Silenus.'" parentis, i.e., as beingan old super, 56, 11. end. (Hamsay).

man.
i.e.,

pater, to sprcad a coating of mud. jure, righifnlhj. Bacchus; a frcqueut e])ithet of a god. 527. Minerva, goddess of wisdom (same root as mens), had her principal festival, Quinquatria, on the five days, IMarch 19-23.

limum inducere,

Una
fe.stival

dies

media
is,

est, one

day (March
fifth

of Bacchus.

quae
that
it

8) interveues after the

refers to sacra; the correct explana-

tion of thc

name

was the

day after the Ides.


284
sanguiiie,
i.e.,

LATIN READER.
of gladiators.
vvith

rasa arena; the space of the

saiid
i'ov

amphitheatre was spread

bellica
identified,

tlie

}j,hidiatorial coiiibats.

the Grecian Pallas Athena, with whoui Minerva was

stantes the threads was also a warlike goddess. warp were suspended vertically radio, tlie ^huttle; pectine, the reed, hy which the loose (rarum) work is pressed Qui laesis, etc. i.e., the fidlers, " the conipactly together.
:

(telae) of the

iniportance of whose occupation will be

understood, when

we
the

remeniber that the Romans, until a verj

late period,

garments exclusively."
dyers.

vincula
:

(Ramsay.)
a

quisquis,
61,
2.

wore woollen
;

etc.

i.e.,

plantae, straps for shoes or sandals.

invita

Pallade

invita

Minerva was

contrary to ont^s natnral hent.

common
sit,

expression, to denote

Tydiius was,

in

Ilomer, the name of the artist

who made

the shiehl of Ajax.

543. manibus, in the liands, i.e., in skill in handicraft. Epeus was the one who constructed the famous wooden horse at Troy. Phcebea Phoebus Apollo was god of healing, as well as his son ^sculapius. censu fraudata this refers to the poor caelum, burin or engraver^s tool carved gems pay of teachers. and cameos were common in ancient times. uris encaustic painting, the art of hurning in the colors, was a favorite one

among
553.

the ancients, but

life

is

now

lost.

moUia

the

sculptor

seems to give

and softness to the hard marble.

Mount
i.e.,

Cailius

was south-east of the Palatine

its

the temple

here mentioned was probably on

northern slope.

habere,

was dedicated on her birthday, March 18. capitis the myth represents Athena to have spiuug armed from the head of Zeus. Tlie Falisci were the inhabitauts of Fak'rii, an Etruscan city captured by Camillus, b.c. 394. It was customary for the Romans to adopt the deities of conqucred nations the ohl spelling capta (litera prisca) should support this derivait
:

ccepit

habet this passage is doubtful and obscure probably Minerva is subj. capitis poenas, capifal piniishment. eegida the aagis of Athena was a goat-skin mantle with a Medusa's liead, worn usually over her breast. 567. Summa e quinque, the last ofthefive; this was the Tubilustrium, or ccremony of purifying trnmpets, the invention of windtion.
;

instruments being attributed to Minerva.

entered.

Hic, the sun ; pressit,

Tlie sign Aries

Phrixus and Helle.

tostis, parched. tripodas: the Iripod was

was supposcd

to be the

ram

that carried

a three-lcgged stool, upon which the pricstess of Apollo at Dclphi


NOTES
sat to (leliver oracles.

OVID.
lot
;

285

sorte,

frequently used for orade.

;

was corrupted (bribed), as well as the seeds, v. 571. Phrixus and Helle were children of Athanias, who were persecuted by tlieir stepniother Ino, and tled, swimming upon the golden-fleeced rani. Helle lost her hold, and was drowned, giving her name to the
:

corruptus

this is a

play upoii the vvord

the niessenger

Hellespont (sea of Helle)

the ram,

Fhrixus reached Colchis in salety

witli

and consecrated its tleece. The expedition of the Argonauts, under Jason, had for its object to get the golden fleece.
578.

Compulerunt;

the e of the penult in this fbrm

is

fre-

quently shortened by the figure called Sysiole.

mother was Nephele, cloud. draconigenam (from gigno, produce) Thebes was founded by Cadnms, who slew a dragon, and sowed its teeth, from which sprang up armed men, the ancestors oftheThebans (Hb. 38). junc588. nomina. SLqvLse, Ilellesjjojit. ut quasi, as if. tam, sc. eam.
;

mater:

their

599. Janus, the

god of opening, represented with two

year.

faces, as

looking bcth ways, towards the future and the past.

the

Froni him

month January was named, the opening of the

Luna;

the months were originally cycles of the moon.

V I R G I L.
PuBLius Vergilius
born
at

Maro

(also spelled Virgilius)

in 19.

was

Mantua,

b.c. 79,

and died

He was

the greatest

of tbe Roraan poets, and obtained great popularity in his

life,

own

being favored and protected by Augustus.

His works and beauty.

do not possess

much

origiuality, but great finish

His

first

publication

was the

" Bucolics," consisting of ten

Eclogues, or pastoral Dialogues and Idyls.

gics," in four

Next, the " Geor-

Books, said to have been written in order to

call attention to agriculture,

the eivil wars.

which had been neglected during His great Epic, the " ^neid," was written,
its

but had not received

died.

finishing touches,

when

its

author

The

passage here given

is

taken from the fourth book of

:

the " Georgics," which treats of the care of Bees


286
1.

LATIN READER.

Tempe,

a beautiful and sacred valley in Thessaly, where

extremi, 47, epithet of Apollo, derived from the name of a river the Troad, where he had a temple. caelum sperare being the son of a god, he might hope for immortality. te matre, although thou
Ossa, into the -3^gean Sea.
sc.

the River Feneus breaks through bctvveen

The

forni

is

fama,

est.

viii.

Mounts Olympus and Greek neut. plur. Thymbraeus, a common

a
in
;

i.e.,

art

my
is

mother.
this

17.

thalamo sub;

position of the preposition after the

verb

called Anastrophe; so

eam circum

wool was of very

in Sicily.

fine quality.

Arethusa,

below.

The Milesian
of a fountain

nymph

by the figure called Synceresis. mantelia villis, towels with shorn naps, 54, ii. Panchaea was a district in Arabia, the country producing frankincense. Maeonii Lydian. Oceanus was in some theogonies
37. tonsis

2G. Penei, a dissyllable,

the parent of

all

the gods.

centum

Vesta was goddess of the hearth.

usual
47.

summum tecti;

agrees with nymphas.

for the

more

summum tectum.
The Carpathian Sea was
(ev dcu dvotv,

that part of the

of Asia Minor.

piscibus forms with

Jishes

^gean south-west bipedum equorum, an

;

Hendiadys

idea expressed by two nouns

horses with two legs

measured courses. is a promontory projccting southward god of the cahn sea.

60.

that is, a compound and two-legged horses means metitur passes over in and Jishes'' tails. Emathia, a district of Macedonia; Pallene

one through two)

;

into the iEgean.

Nereus,

circum

heec, against these.

The story here

v. 161,
ff.

told of Pro-

teus

is

like those of

Faunus, Fasti,

77. crinibus, 54, yi. plurima agrees with unda; ma?iy in latebris, 56, note. hauserat, had occnpied or jJassed ad limum belongs with coquebant. primitive used here 97. Cujus, Proteus. quoniam nam quis = quisnam, who^ meaning (quom iam), when pray') vi multa, ardentes, and frendens, express the epilepsy
a.

i. 1,

over.

is

in its

noiv.

which betokened inspiration.

114.

Orpheus, a renowned singer wife Eurydiee. of early times, who mourned inconsolably miserabilis. ni Fata rehaudquaquam ob meritum
separated by the figure called Tmesis.
for his
qualifies
;

Non

nullius, 43, 12; these parts of a

compound word are

sistant; there

is

an Ellipsis here

he invokes this vengeance [and


NOTES
it

VIRGIL.

287

aequaUs, 0/ lier oion age. unless, &c. and Pangaea were Rhodope wjmphs. wood Dryadum, mountains of Thrace Rhesus, an old king of Thrace, who took Hebrus, part in the Trojan war the Getae, a people of Thrace
will

be

fulfilled],

the

the principal river of Thrace

Orithyia, an Athenian (Aotias)

maiden, who was carried away by Boreas to Thrace.

is

Verse 124

a spondaic verse
128. Tajnarura

82,

i.

note.

was a promontory south of Greece, by which was

a descent to the infernal regions, or Erebus.

superfluity of conjunctions goes

Manesque;

this

by the name of Polysyndeton.

Regem, Dis, or Pluto. 140. Cocytus and Styx were two of the rivers of the infernal Eumenides, the Furies Cerberus, the regions (Hb. 30). Ixionii, etc, three-headed dog who guarded the lower world.
;

the wheel

a wheel

; Ixion was bound to by the wind but vento is dat. 147. Eurydice was restored by the gods of Hades, on condition that he should not look back upon her until he had reached the fragor, the thunder with which animi, 50, i. 4. upper world. Pluto announced that the condition was broken, and called Eurypaludem, i.e., the Styx. Quis agrees with furor. dice back.

of

the Ixioiiian cirde or revoluiion

made

to revolve

The Strymon was the second river of Thrace, next to the Philomela was a princess of Athens, who was changed Hebrus.
169.

into a nightingale.

Tan-ais, the Don. 177. Venus, put by metonymy for love. The Rhipgean mountains were fabled mountains in the far north. quo munere, hy this The Cicones were a Thracian people.
tribute of love.

spumantem, etc,

Qiagrus was father of Orpheus. up the water into a foam under the Cyrene, sc. tacuit, or some such word. eddy. summa, Napgeas, mjmphs of the dell. 194. illa, Eurydice. Lycaeus was a mountain in Arcadia he must 52, I. note.
he threw

CEagrius;

send there for

cattle,

since those of Thessaly

;

intacta cervice, unyoked

it is still

had perished. the custom in Europe to use

teams of cows. 206. Orphei,

Lethaea; Lethe, oblivion, dat., of Greek form. uvam; the swarm of bees was one of the rivers, of Hades. hanging from the branches was like a bunch of grapes.

Under Tityrus of the

represent himself.

First Eclogue, Virgil

is

supposed to

In the phmdering and confiscationS after


283
the civil war, he

LATIN READER.

came near losing his lands, but received them back by the favor of Caesar Octavianus, afterwards the
emperor Augustus.

A
;

less fortunate

neighbor, Melibocus,

passes by, and enters into conversation with him.

2.

aveua, oaten straw

made of it.
17.

who

the

Notice the emphasis of tu and nos. praedicere, end. qui deus, whai god, not quis, 57, huic nostrae, Mantua. parvis, god
iv.
is. i.e.,

put by synecdoche for the pipe wbich was

dat.

it

could also be

cum

parvis

see 51,

i, first

note.

29. Emancipated slaves shaved their beards, which before they had suffered to grow. Peculi tlie property of a slave (of course only nominally his) was called peculium.

39. aberat,

80;

last par.

but one.

juvenem; Octavianus

was at this quamvis, to

arable land
;

tirae

twenty-two.

submittite,
61, 2, note.

ichatever degree;

omnia,

raise

or rcar.
all

the

a good deal of the country about Mantua is stony, insueta pabula; here MeHbocus conand a good dcal marshy.

trasts the security of Tityrus^s flock with the

exposures of his own.

54.

quae

refers

to saepes;

as
iii.
;

it

has always done.

52, IV.

ante quam, 56,

a case of tmesis.

florem, The Arar

was a river of Gaul, now the Saone ; the Tigris, of Mesopotamia. The Parthians hved in Persia. Germania, the country, is put
herc for the inhabitant.
G5.

labatur, 62,
island

ii.

1.

Afros

is

after

the analogy of 55, in. 2.

;

Cretse
it

is

usually taken as the

better to consider

name of the
as

but probably

would be

it

meaning

chalJc,

after the analogy of adjectives of fuhiess;

and Hmititig rapidum, rapid and turhid with

earfh

the

Oxus or Oaxes runs

into the Caspian.

post=post-

hac

aliquot, only afew.

80. poteras, 59, iv. note at end.

pressi lactis = casei.

coii-

C. Asiiiius PolHo, an
sul B.c. 40, the year in

eminent poet and orator, was

which a reconcibation was brought

excited of tranquihity and pros-

about, largely by
Tliis peace,

liis

means, between Octavianus and Antony.

it

with the hope

perity in future,
in It

was the occasion of Yirgifs Fourth Eclogue, which certain vague prophecies are also commemorated. has been a favorite tlieory of many, that the imagery of
Eclogue was
imitated

this

by Yirgil from the Hebrew

prophets, especially Isaiah ch. xi.


NOTES
1.

;:

PLAUTUS.

289

Sicelides;

bucolic or pasto^-al poetry was carrled to

greatest perfection

hy the

Sicilian

Theocritus.

Cumgei

its

the

Cumaean Sibyl had sold

containing the fate of

to king
;

Tarquin the Proud the books

Rome

they were carefully preserved and

consulted on important occasions.

i.e.,

magnus

saeclorum ordo
all

a "great year;" a

new

cycle,

which should repeat

that

had taken place before, and which therefore should commence with the rule of Saturn, in whose former reign all had been peaceful and happy, as described in this Eclogue. Virgo Astra^a,
goddess of justice.
refers to the
sc.

nascenti

puero,

at his hirtli

this

probably

young son of

Pollio,

born

in this year.

ferrea,

age."

gens; the " iron age " should give way to a new " golden Lucina, goddcss of birth. ApoUo the Sibyl had declared that the age of Apollo was the last Lucina was identified

Avith
is

Diana, sister of Apollo, hence the possessive tuus. adeo used to emphasize te inibit, sc. cursum. IUe, i.e., puer. 26. simul, sc. atque.
;

32. Thetis, a sea-nymph,

sea.

Tiphys

was

pilot

mother of Achilles here put for the of the Argonautic expedition all these
;
;

heroic events are to be repeated.

Parcae, the Latin name for the Fates. honores, convexo referring the vault of 52, heaven. Terrasque que not long befbre 78, note end), but by Casura. sseclo, Linus was an old 54, bard, associated with Orpheus. quamvis hcre = etiamsi. Pan, god of nature, the inventor of the pipe. certet, 59, tulerunt, Systole. mensa, 54,
48.

11.
;

ad

Trojam,

55,

iii. 2,

end.

to

is

tr- (

i.

at

i.

IV.

1.

iii.

PLAUTUS.
T.

Maccius Plautus was born

came
to
;

at Sarsina, in

Umbria,

as a he died at the age of seventy. He wrote a large number of plays, twenty of which are now extant they were translated from the Greek writers of the New

B.c. 254,

Rome, and obtained great popularity

writer of comedies

Comedy, or what we should

humor.

call

the manners of the Greeks of his day with

comedy of society, and depict much life and

19


290 The

LATIN READER.
following extract
is

from the Amphitruo.

visits his wife

In the

absence of Amphitruo in war, Jupiter

Alcmena,

in the form of her husband, stationing

guard, in the form of Amphitruo's slave Sosia. the real Sosia returns, the

Mercury outside as Meantime

war being triumphantly ended,

and

finds his

double standing guard at the gate of the house.

82.
;

For the metre, see end of

first

In the comic metres, very

thus the
first

frequent substitutions are pennitted

verse
is

fbot of the
;

a dactyl, ib'

iit

he-

the sixth foot, a spondee, -menge

is

an anapajst, vide' hoc. In trochaic, hke iambic measure, the foot makes a metre the accents mark the first syllable of each metre, where the ictus should fall.
in

the next verse the

fifth

foot

1T4:.
Set
II.,

5.

Alcumenae

= Alcmenae
i.

this insertion or substitution

of u occurs in several Greek words employed by the comic writers.

= sed. aedis,
tliis

11,

at

tlme of night.
2.

Quom,
8.

top of p.

hoc NuUust,
2.
;

noctis, 52, iv.

1, last par.
ille.

50,

but one.

Illic,

an old form for

final

The second

foot

is

hoc meiim

m appears
u
is

to have

been

nearly silent in conmion speech, so that the

garment worn by the Greeks for dentes pruriunt his teeth v. 7 contains the are itching for me (eager to get hold of me). obsecro =for heaveii^s sake. tribrachs, miseri and meiis he. The two hnes beginning Clare are aside.
two consonants.
the

Roman

toga.

pallium, a detexere,

short even before

steal.

17. heri (ijesterday)

factum esse.
22.

nudos,

quod, etc, a substantive clause, subjectof i.e., spoliatos. Quinctus (theffth),

common Roman name.

Non
1.

feret, he shall not report.

11.

vapulet, an active verb

with a passive meaning, 35,

end.

esse 37, v. In proin, thetwo syllablesare scanned esurientibus, 36, hau = haud. tractim tangere, stroke used mirum a wonder ifnot = I suppose. muraenam the lamper-eel was a great favorite with the Romans, and was boned, provocation. being beaten with a rod. ultro,

1T5.

as one.

iv.

ironically.

10.

ni,

after

loithout

he pretends to know by the smell that somebody is superstitiosus, a malo, 51, vii. near, I smell a man.

Olet

homo

soothsayer.

domes, soften them.

NOTES
PLAUTUS.
wings of

my
it.

29I

alas intervelli, plucked

tlie

suo,
is

54,

i.

aud sends
the
is

Ids oivn horsefor

is

jumento Alter jumentum

voice.
sc.

a liiatas;

i.e.,

um

tlie

next foot

therefore oneran-.
1. 1,

nescio quis,

67,

note.

ne existumes, vicem, 52, in

iv.,
it

not elided by Ectlilipsis ( 80);

me.

the

placeof;

hic, thisfellow,

i.e., /.

17G.
mij

1.

eccum = ecce
made

doubtful etymology.

mind

is

edepol, by Pollux an oath of up. certumst, up. hominem, object of adloqui. qui, an
illum.
;

ilicet (ilicet),

is all

old ablative, hy which, 21,

i.

note.

Volcanum
tern.

Ain = aisne ?
:

in cornu

mentiris

Pergin
III. 3.

18.

= pergisne See note near end. argutarier, aput = apud. nescio quis tutatust, nos. Nescio quam,
?

Sosias takes

concluBum,freshut up inahorn lanmentire Verbero, scoundrel, verbero as the verb, not the noun,

1,

33,

sc.
;

arepretty familiar
line

a play

above
;

is

used in
quite

like you upon the word familiaris, which in the the meaning one of the family of slaves.
;

nisi abis

this use of the pres. indic. in a Protasis, referring to

is

familiaris accipiere, cdthough &c. horunc = horum. you are one ofthefamily, you note. vis 37, 177. Quin, familiai, 2. thrashed. Haeccine ne here used you our Ita there the interrogative, an emphatic Immo, nay word Latin no cry a great deal At parum etiam, you possession. vaniloquu's = vanimore. usu, hy
idiom " unless you go
off.'^

future time,

common

in Plautus

it

is

like the English

i.e.,

shall,

2.

hut.

9,

sis,

i.

is is

like

loill

will he

enclitic

ci

affix.

is

special

in

for ycs.
etc.

hut.

17.

i.e.,

will

use, that

is,

loquus

es.
3.

178.

Nam

illut;

utinam, an hiatus. istuc fecissent i.e., had iled from me. mi fide, dative after credo. per pacem, on peaceful terms. noster, our slave. etiam denuo, still again. mihi. portu Persico, a harbor near Thebes.

ecthlipsis does not take place here.

te

170.
nania.

2.

quor

= cur. The
[=
ipse]

et ipsus

the trochee.

illi, there.

Telebofc were a pceple of Acaran aniphibrach taking the phice of quid me captas, why qui qua.
;

do you cross-question me ?


292

LATIN READER.

23. vini, 50, iv. 5.

came from
p. 175.

the

viue.

med = me.
3.

ut matre natum fuerat, pure as mira sunt = mirum est, see note to
11.

it

180.
alive

injurato, 54, x. note.

with a brim.

an,

71,

end,

petasum; Vivo
fit
;

this

was a

liat

that is done to

me

which will never he done after my death ; i.e., tlie imagines, or images of the ancestors were carried in the funeral of a noble, but of course a slave could not have them, nor even an ignoble
pcrson
;

now Mercury
had
his

acts as his

imago.
it
;

quod

faxit Juppiter,

may

Jupiter grant

a slave on gaining

his liberty

head shaved, and put on the pileus, or cap.

T E E E N C E.
P. Terentius
B.c.

Afer

{the

African) was born at Carthage,

195; became a slave in Rome; and, when manumitted

by

his master, distinguished himself

by writing comedies,

like those of Plautus, translated

B.c. 159.

from tbe Greek.

He

died

His plays are more

finished, but less

witty, than

those of Plautus.

The Ileautontimorumenos
Menedemus, who blames
den.
is

{self-tormentor)

is

an old man,
in his gar-

hiraself for harsh treatment of his

son, and, to quiet his remorse, keeps hard at

work

Here he

is

accosted by a neighbor, Chremes.

This phiy

translated from the

writer of the

New

Greek of Menander, the most eminent Comedy.

82,
iii.
;

For the metre, see

there are the same irregularities

as in the trochaic septenarius.

181.

1.

nuper admodum,

just this caiise.

rery recen^.

2.

Inde

3.
;

rei, i.c., notitia,

acquaintance.

a.deo,
0.

from quod

rehites to vicinitas
citiae,
8.

47, iv. (2).

in
is

propinqua parte ami-

\_neighhorliood~\ ichich

I hold

next of kin to friendship.

res tua, your circumstances.

13. siet

sit.

14.
iii.

tute; the te

intensive.

ofiBcia; the

verbs given in 54,

writers.

frequently govern the acc. in the early

20. fiat, sc.

a servis.

21.

operae, 50,

ir.

NOTES
1895. 1. Homo sum, down the house," sm vve
face
;

CICERO.
famous
line that

293
" brought
2.

etc.

this is the

this Ibrin

laboris, 50,
the task were

acter, or actions.

see 33, ni, nollem, te reprehendere, needless. hos, rastros, meum, my char clam me, 56, animum, of
is

are told.

facto,
sc.

54, vii. first note.

;

frequent in the old writers

2.

iii.

i.e.,

if

i.e,,

11.

3.

obj.

tractare.
27. licere;
III. 2.

speras

is

tantisper dum, so long

1.

usually followed by the

as.

fut, infin.,

67,

183.
IV. 1.

me

facere depends on dignum; an exception to

65,

istuc aetatis, at your age.

adeo res rediit, matters came to this sarum many enterprising Greeks took
:

belli after gloriam. pass. regem, Persc.

service with the king of

Persia.
20,

quo lenirent quo,

;

in the sense of ut, is usually joined with

a comparative ( 64,
this.

11.)

the early writers frequently vary froni

3. 3.

mea solius causa, 46, vestiant, 60, his, malo quovis, 54, iv. usque strengthens dum, 54,
III.

just so long as.

1841. sumptum exercerent, work

scripsi: put up a notice that
13. quanti, 54, xi. 1.
it

out

their

expenses.

in-

quae est aequom

:

was for

sale.
:

sc.

ea

credere

in those things in which one ought to trust afather.

20.

pepulerim,
tensive
i.

Dionysia; the great festival of Dionysus or Bacchus. Siccine sic with ne enclitic and the in 63, 11.

C I C E R O.
M. TuLLius CiCERO was born b.c. 106, at Arpinum, and was murdered by order of the triumvirs, Octavianus (Augustus), Antony, and Lepidus, b.c. 43, on his own estate,

^bout half way between

Rome and
literature,

eminent name

in

Roman

Naples.

He

is

the

most

the greatest orator, and

the most voluminous and pleasing wTiter on philosophy.

His

Letters to his Family and Friends

{Ad

Familiares), to his

friend Atticus, and to his brother Quintus, are very

numerous and are by far the most vabiable and interesting documents we have as to the personal history of the time.
(855 in
all)
;


294

LATIN READER.
;

; ;

Cicero had been Consul in the year B.c. 63

when

the

Senate, under his lead, crushed the conspiracy of Catiline, by

what was considered an

position

illegal

and violent stretch of power.

bitter

This action was made the ground of

calumny and op-

among

the popular party, led by Clodius,

who

suc;

ceeded, five years later (b.c. 58), in driving Cicero into exile

from which, however, he was recalled the following year. The passage from Velleius Paterculus, an historian of the
time of Augustus and Tiberius, gives the circumstances of his banishment.

185.

Per idem tempus;

b.c.

58.

nobilis:

Clodius be-

longed to the proud patrician gens Claudia, of wbich name ad plebem transisset: no patrician Clodius was a corruption.

could hold the

tical

office

of Tribune of tho Plebs, which gave most prac-

power to a demagogue Clodius was, therefore, adopted as son by a man of plebeian family, much younger than himself, and elected indemnatum: in his consulship, Cicero had put to tribune.
death the accomphces of Catihne without triaL

interdiceretur
at this time

is

used impersonaUy.

note

iii. omnipotent in the state. was a commission appointed in pursuance of an agrarian Idem, i.e., hiw carried by Ca3sar in his consulship, b.c. 59. Numidici Q. Csecihus MeteUus, the ut, wlien. Cicero. same who fought against Jugurtha, was driven into exile (b.c.
;

aqua, 54, Ca3sar and Pompey were dividendo agro, 73,

vi.

this

100), in consequence of his opposition to the tribune Saturninus

but was restored the foUowing year.

The

first

Letter

{Ad Fam. XIV.

4)

was written

to his wife,

Terentia, from Brundisium, a port in south-eastern Italy, from

which the passage was usually made into Greece. Cicero was now on his way through Macedonia into Asia Minor.

186*

4.

Quod,
the

52, IV.

render

hut.

17. capitis:

citizenship (Hb.

caput was the civil standing, or rights of IGl). legis improbissimae the law which
:

threatened confiscation and exile to any one within four hundred praemiles of Rome, who shouhl reeeive Cicero under his roof.
staret, 65,
iii,

gratiam referre

is to

make a requital; gratiam

habere, iofeel gratitude.

NOTES
21. profecti

CICERO
57, note at

295
end
;

sumus
off

petebamus,
letter
is

notice

the change in tense.

The

written the 30th of April (prid.

Kal. Mai.),

"

Brundisium," and would not be received in

Rome
to-day

for several days.

{the

We
am

should say,

"/
to

leave

Brundisium

oOth),
a, d. v.

and

on

my way
is,

Ctjzicusy
three

Former
;''

editions had

kal. Mai., that

"7 left

days ago

Cicero did not which does not agree with the date of the letter. reach Cyzicus, but remained wit4i his friend Plancius, qusestor of Macedonia, at Thessalonica. He afterwards defended this friend

from a charge of bribery

and gives

at the

end of his plea a touch-

Cyzicus was a ing account of his noble and tender hospitality. town in Asia Minor, on a peninsula of the Propontis (Sea of

Marmora).
III.

scito;

this

form

is

always used instead ofsci ( 33,

2).

i. 2, the affectionate diminutive by which Cicero almost always calls his daughter), nom. to fiet: what will become of my dear Tullia? quid is predicate nom. The same

30. Tulliola ( 44,

construction

is

used in French.

matrimonio:

Tullia

had been

married five years before, at the age of sixteen, to C. Calpurnius Piso he was in weak health, and died before Cicero's return.
;

*' whatThere seems to have been stmj anxiety about her portion ever hecomes ofthe property, we must consider the poor chiWs marCicero meus, his son Marcus, now seven riage and reputation:''
:

years old.

187,

1.

teneas

" Kot a night was suffered to elapse

after the

decree [of banishment] was passed, before violent hands were his house on the Palatine was relaid upon Cicero's property duced to ashes, his Tusculan villa pkmdered. His other country;

no better the consuls took their share of the spoil and on the spot where Cicero's house had stood, Clodius consefamilia liberata, (Abeken). crated a temple to Liberty." freed slaves ; these were partly his own, partly his wife's he had
seats fared
;

set

them

free, to save

them from the malice of

one.

his enemies.

magnopere nemo, hardly

;

causa,

arrangement.

si

res

a nobis abisset this was a phrase used that one fails to secure a desired article.

in auctions, to denote

obtinere,
to have

maintain.

pertineret,
men
the
;

sc. res.

24. Clodius, Sallustius, Pescennius,

seem

been freed-

Sicca was a friend with

to Brundisium.

whom

Cicero had passed a night on

way

296 The

LATIN READER.
Quintus
Cicero, a

letter to

younger brother, was

written at ThessalOnica.

consulatus
flens
.
.

188.

4.

pueros,
;

slaves.

miserim,

57,

1, Ist

rem.
57,

64,

iii.

referring to the great act of his consulship, thc

defeat of Catiline's
.

conspiracy.

eripuerit,

i,

end.

proficiscens, etc, the chiastic order, the corresponding

suicide

first and last. was the refuge of many eminent men of antiquity Cicero seems to have thought seriously of it, but with the same vacillation of purpose tliat he showed in every thing.

nominative cases standing respectively

20.

a morte
;

praesidio fuisset, referring here to his profession of advocate

he had even proposed once to defend his worst enemy Catilinc

(see foot-note).

180.

5.

quid,

quod

icliat

\_sliall

say to

tJiis']

that,

&c.

sapientiorem
father's loss.

quam

vellem, because old enough

laturam.
will bring

to feel his

34. aliquid praesidii, object of

after

nostri,
some help.

obj. gen.

misericordiam
16.

jjity for
i.

me

100.

postulabit, 49,

2d, note.

umquam, and words

of this class (see hst in Table 6), may follow comparatives, because there is a negative idea implied, which in similar constructions the
23.

French expresses by the negative, que jamais quibus permutatione, negotiativg a hill of exchange. debes, yoiir creditors, whom Quintus must satisfy out of his own or his son's " bowels," flesh, or, as we should say, " hide.'" ex

aerario

of Asia.

Antonius

these were sums appropriated to Quintus as proprgetor

Crassus, the triumvir,

and Caspio were creditors of Quintus. who was aftcrwards killed in Asia CaHdius,
;

a stanch friend of Cicero.

33.

Hortensius was the leading lawyer in Rome, next to Cicero,

Cicero at this time expresses a good deal
Ile was,

and a few years older.

ever, a true friend

of suspicion of his false and unfriendly deahngs.

;

how-

subsequently, and especially after his death,

Cicero speaks of him with

warm regard and

is

honor.

101.

1.

occultabis

the future here

imperative, as frequently in English.

Pomponium versus
friend.

eo,

nearly equivalent to the

abl.

of cause, 54,

i.

T. Pomponius Atticus, Cicero's most intimate

:

some verses in ridicule of Ilortensius seem to have been fastened (coUatus) upon Quintus he is by all means
;

NOTES
to

CICERO.
:

2^7
the ofRce of sedile had
(Ilb. 134).

make
9.

friends with him.

aedilitatem

refereiice to the care of public buildiiigs

and games

Messala was
tlie

a prominent public

man

of the day, father of

the distinguished general of the time

factis,
19.
hest deeds.

of Augustus.

optime
.

Reliqua, object of scribere.

ita

ut, 5o

as.

In B.c. 57 Cicero returned from exile, and entered Rome,

September 4

shortly after, he wrote this letter to his friend

Atticus (Att. IV. 1),

who was

then in Epirus.

27. cui relates to subject of fuit.

67, V.

observantia,
quem

recte, safely. me ipsum,

i.e.,

respect,

for his opinion

hc had

followed the advice of Atticus and others in leaving the city rather
tlian resisting his

enemies, as counselled by Lucullus.

lO^.
tliat

6.

dimisero
lost you.

Ihave never

suavitatis and
for his return)
:

if

I once

Jiave

you haclc, it ivill seem temporis both liniit

fructus.
13. re familiari, private property.

24.

lex est lata

(i.e.,

expression for bringing in a bilh

natalis coloiiiae

this is the technical

;

Brundisium

on the day of which this was the anniSalutis the temple of Salus, near the house of Atticus. versary. aetatum atque ordinum the Roman citizens were classed by The orders were age into juniores and seniores (Ilb. 125).

was founded

as a colony
;

the ranks in the State,

the Senate,

the Equestrian order, &c.

the comitia centuriata were the great Iloman assembly, presided

over by the coiisul (Hb. 141). a slave, whose business 35. nomenclatori
;

it

was to whisper

to his master the

names of persons they met.

the south-eastern gate, at which

103

2.

The porta Capena was

the principal road, via

Appia, ended.

ad theatrum this was the 8. eo biduo, two days after. mea time of the great ludi Romani, held in the theatre. opera because his arrival had tilled the city with strangers.
;

14.
16.

decernerem,
consulares,
for their

slioidd give

my

votefor

it.
:

upon
;

men who had been consul they were quod negarent, 63, i. in vote first.

called

exact-

ness negarent does not express the reason, but the fact of giving ageretur, it but the subjunctive is often used in such cases.

290

LATIN READER.

iiegotiations sliould be entered into.

a contio could not properly be lield by a private citizen.

27.

alterum

se,

a second
hij

self.

dederunt, quam
sit,
;

sc.

contionem

consularis, law proposed

a consul

tliat ol"
:

de domo Cicero's liouse liad been a tribune) was tribunitia. destroyed, and thc site occupied by a sacred building the pontifices
;

66, i, lex Messius (wlio was

(Hb.

143) had yet to decide whether the consecration had been

,

renioved (si sustulerint religionem)

and the demand restored. was

will

104:.
to

2.

superficiem,

tlie

be

compensated.

demolientur

huilding, for the loss of which he

.

locabunt,
name.

tJiey

clear

a space, giving the contract in

their

his colisulship to Piso, a

TuLLiA, the daughter of Cicero, had been married during youug man of the best family aiid

character,
It

who died just before Cicero's return from exile. was on her twenty-second birthday that she met lier father
The foUowFui'ius Crassipes, also of a patrician

at Brundisium, as told in tlie letter to Atticus.

ing year she married

house

but was not long after divorced.

At

the age of twenty-

nine she was married again to Dolabella, a rich and handsome

profligate

several years younger than herself,

Ca^sar, for
life

a
;

partisan

and friend of
alliance.

Iler

which reason Cicero had sought the with him was very wretched and they
biitli

agreed to a separation shortly before the

of her child,

which was in January, b.c.

45.

The

following

month she

died at her father's house in Tusculum, leaving a son, Lentulus, who seems to have died in childhood. Meanwhile Cicero had put away his wife Terentia, on some misunderstanding because of mismanagement in business affairs, which caused

him much anger and

mortification

he was on no good terms

with his brother, or his son, then a young

man

of twenty,

who was
was
of

greatly vexed at an unfortunate second marriage of

;

his father's

so that his household

was quite broken up.

He

liviug in strict sohtude

;

ou a

little island,

Astura, belong-

ing to one of his estates

consolation

and here
friend.-*,

from his

Iie received many letters among which this from

is

the eminent lawyer, Ser. Sulpicius Ilufus,

esting that remains.

the most inter-

NOTES
sane quam, exceedinghj. per quos propinquos, 48, existimem, 63, 1. note.
19.

CICERO.

299

pro
iii.

eo ao, in proportion as. uti, so that. 2d iiote.

195.
too.

veneris, 64, credo; ironical. cum iis esse actum, it has happened
5.

iv.

et

nos,

ice

to those: this sen-

teuce contains an Anacoluthon, that is, a clause thrown in with no proper connection to the principal clause since it begins with the interrogative quoties, and tlien changes to the declarative in;

cidimus rendcr quoties, often, and put in and before et nos. 12. conjuncta; TuUia liad already been married three times, ex hac juventate,/rowi pro, loorthy of. and twice divorced. uti dcpends on possent the young men of the present day.
;

understood

this reiers to the profession

of an advocate, which
rule.

had

lost all attraction

under Ca3sar's dospotic

56,
;

an island oj^posite between Athens and Piraeeus, the harbor of Athcns. All these places had Coriuth. Visne, here negato ruin in the late convulsions. reduced becn
24.

Megaram,
its

11.

1.

^gina,
a
city

Athcns, ouce

rival

Megara,

tively, iviU thou not ?

modo; i.e., at Pharsalia, b.c. 48. 198. 5. moniendum fuit, 59, iv. 2, note. ea,
35.

note.

omnibus
I..

bonis,

all ihe

advantages of
note

life.

possitis,
i.e.,

50, iv.

1,

49,
14.

exceptiou to last rcmark.

noli oblivisci,

58,

iir.

Hoc tempus,

the pain will have beconie less

by time,

sapientia
fuit, such

when

tua, in a

manner worthy of so

ivise

a man.
illius

23. inferis, the dead.

qui

amor

was her

love.

197.
15.

Cicero's

answer (Faai. IV.

Quanti me faceret, how highly he esteemed me. suum talem part. jucundus, agreeable auimum, such a disposition on
his

hy

all the services

potuerunt omnibus Servius, a son of Sul^icius. which could be rendered on [to] that occasion.
. . .

6.) follows.

gratus, acceptable.

.ffimilius

Q. Fabius Maximus, the leader against Hannibal; L. C. Paullus, the conqueror of Macedonia, b.c. 167 Sulpicius Gallus, an eminent man of the same tlme Cato, the ipsorum refers all these eminent men had lost sons. Censor
26.
; ;

to

eorum.

ea,

quam

to wit, that ivhich.

198. 6. frangerem, hent and render cum, whenever.

my mind

notice the imperfect tense,

300
13.

LATIN READER.
ad rempublicam,
aute
;

iii

22.

i.e.,

before

imhUc affairs. we return to K,ome

Cicero begins to

acquiesce in the
life

again.

unius,

new order of things, and

i.e.,

to desire to enter public

Caesar.
ii.

27. deliberatiouis, 54,

eud (requirement)

PLINY.
C. CiECiLius Plinius
tive of
.

Secundus

(the

Comum

Como), in Northern

Italy,

Younger) was a naand a nephew of the

Ile

elder Pliny, the distinguished naturalist.

was born a.d.

in the pros-

Gl or 62, and became prominent as a public

man

perous reign of Trajan.

Ile has left a few orations, and a

large collection of letters, which, as Merivale says, " gives

the fullest and fairest picture

man
as

we possess of a Roman gentlenor indeed does any other of the ancients come so near
writer to our conception of the gentleman in mind,
Tlie year of his death
are. addressed
to
;

its

breeding, and position."

is

not known.
historian

The
Tacitus.

first

three
first

letters

the

The

requires no explanation

the other two

are in answer to his inquiries in regard to the famous eruption

of Vesuvius, a.d. 79, in which Herculaneum and Pompeii were destroyed, and the elder Pliny perished.

praeseus, ivhen I meet you. patria, Comum. muuicipis, fcllow-iownsman. praetextatus the boy wore the toga prcetexta about sixteen 184). Etiam; there was no Latin word Mediolanum, Milan, was already the town of xSorthern qui to vos, impKed vestra.
satisjied.

199. 6. iu Tusculano, on mij Tuscidan when just near the end. ue ... pereat,

estate.

jam
haste

iu fine,

that

my

may

he

12.

i.e.,

until

(Ilb.

for yes.

cliief

Italy.

refers

in
;

20. habitatioues, lodging cedibus, income.

viatica, travelling expenses

mer-

-^OO.
iage
:

1,

a.mbit\i

corrumperetur,bemisusedforprivateadvan;

tliis he proposes to obviate by giving the control of the funds to the' parents, requiring them at the same time to cohtribute. religio, solemn ohligation.

referring to corrupt misappropriation of the funds


NOTES
18.

3OI
back, i.e.,

PLINY.

Haec,

repeaied.
tliis

these circumstances.

repetenda, traced
;

illuc, to

condition.

nihil

Comum

hinc, from llome.

i.e.,

aliud certum

ea lege, on there is no bargain

father's

made.
31.

avunculus was a mother's brother; patruus, a

brother.

^Ol.

2.

Quamvis

here takes the subjnnctive, although

it
;

presses a fact; see 61, 2, note.

ut

exlike

populi,

sc.

victuri

peoples and
tion like

cities alwaijs
is
:

destined to live; an adverb or conjunc-

9Bternitas

ut

often repeated where the Engh.sh

it

so

happens that the book

is

in

wouhl have and. which Tacitus

narrated these events

lost,

so that

it

is

Pliny's

own
just

writings

memory. 9. Misenum was a promontory west of Baiae it was an important naval station.
that have preserved their
;

!N"aples,

Nonum,

sc.

beyond ante
;

the use of the accusative of time wlien in this connection

also in

Tacitus

sentence describes the

Usus, etc. we should expect Nono. way in which he had passed his time
:

is

found
this
;

had walked

in the sun, then

:

taken a cold bath and a luncheon.

in

Vesuvium
vius,

there was an old tradition,

that there

had been eruptions

mentioned by Vitruhere former times.

A
;

he

pinus, the dark, spreading Italian pine.

another simile
:

commentator gives "hujus forma est similis machinas illius, quam manu tenentes solem a nobis arcere solemus quae in lingua
nostra Son^ienschirm et in gallica, ^rj"<9/ vocatur."
24.

Liburnica, aswift, light

vessel, or yacht.
*'

Egrediebatur

the former reading of this passage was,

Egrediebatur domo,

accepit codicillos.
territi

Retinae classiarii imminenti periculo ex;

(nam

villa

ea subjacebat, nec ulla nisi navibus fuga) ut se

"

tanto discrimine eriperet orabant

Retina being held

to be the

name of an estate in danger. But a tradition was preserved, that a woman named Retina (or Rectina), wife of Bassus, had perished in this eruption. Rectina is now taken to be the name of a wo-

man

and Tasci (the accepted reading in place of

:

Classiarii) to

be that of her husband

30.

understand

vius

maximo, sc. animo. amoenitas: the shore near Vesuhad many pleasant villas.
v. end.

loife or widoio.

SO'^.

1. quo propius [eo] calidior; 54, cederent appears to come under the principle of

ac3.

59, iv.

ruina, from ruo, fallen masses

the heaving of the earth and


302

LATIN RBADER.

eriiption of tlie mountain caused new shoals and shores. Fortes fortuna juvat, a maxim from Teience. Stabiae was a village beyond Pompeii, near the modern Castelammare. diremptus, etc, separated by 7. erat, sc. Pomponianus.

an intervening bay.
this is

cum

cresceret, when

it

should increase;

of the nature of a future Protasis ( 59, iv. 1), taking the imperfect tense because it depends upon contulerat, 57.

secundissimo, sc. vento. certus fugae, resolved onjlight. 23. meatus animae, thepassage of his breath, breathing hcavily, diseta, bed-room. ita surrexerat, i.e., had beor snoring.

come sojilled.
33.

Sub

dio, in the open air,

quamquam quaHfies levium.

stomacho
:

303.

11. caligine, vapor.

this

word, meaning

gullet or stomach, is in this

mentators.
till

aestuans, inflamed. dies

subject of
1.

passage rendered lungs by niost comthe light did not rcturn

the third day.

19.

me,

persecutum esse

omnia

is its

object.

aliud, 22,
25. te,

subject of cupere.

casus.

after theanal32. per multos dies, 55, i. 1. invaluit in often strengthens the meaning ogy of 55, III. 3. of a verb, as in this case with nouns, participlcs, and adjectives

quos agrecs with Campaniae

:

metus and

it

has a negative force, as invalidus, weak.

904:.

excitaturus, sc. eam. 1. surgebam, i.e., alrcady. constantiam and imprudentiam, strength of mind and ihoughtlessness.

12. dies, daylight.

corripit, reproves. quodque, etc, a habit which

ofjudgment ; vulgus
1.
is

in a

takes the place

subject of prsefert, etc

after discursibus.

tecta, 52,11.

spiritus, genitive

rupta

panic

agrees with nubes,

32.

suros.
Capri.

ut consuleremus, substantive clause, object of commisnostrae, sc saluti, 51, iv. Capreas the island of

Miseni
7.

limits id undcrtood, antecedcnt of

quod

that

part which projects into the sea; these places are not far from twenty-five miles from Vesuvius.

30o.
9.

torrentis

modo,

54,

ii.

terrae, 51, v. rolling

along upon the ground.

strati,

sc nos.

audires,

60.

1.


NOTES
20. illud ruisse, etc,

PLINY.

303

24, iv. 3, that crash, that blaze.

longius,
32.

sc.

a nobis,

misero agrces with solacio.

it is

cum deficit,
5.

wheu

edipsed.

SOG.

non

scriptures leges, ijou will read, but not write.

scilicet qui, because yoii.

Some time

in tlie early part of the

second century (a.d.

110 or 111), Pliny was appointed Propraitor or governor of At this the province of Bithynia, in northern Asia Minor.
time the Christians had become a very numerous and important body, particularly in
the East.

The

strict

legal

charge against them was, that they violated the state religion,

by refusing

sacrifice

to

the established divinities, and not

honoring the emperor as a god.

But

to this

were added

all

the cliarges of immorality and impious practices, or downright

atheism, which naturally grew out of the ignorant and superstitious prejudices of the populace.

Pliny
;

tries to deal

with
just

them

at first strictly according to

law

but, being a

man

and merciful, he soon sees the horrible injustice of their position, and the probable falsehood of most their enemies had He accordingly writes to the emperor for iustrucreported.
tions
9.
;

as

is

thought, in a.d. 112.

tlie

domine: observe

formal and courtly style of address

adopted sinee the time of Cicero, a century and a half before. puniri soleat, impersonal 12. cognitionibus, investigations.

punishment

is

wont

ever degree tender.

desisse, from desino,

to be infHcted.

quamlibet teneri, in whatso 33, iii. 1. the charge meant " constructive

22. duci, sc.

ad supplicium:

treason," and the punishment was death.

The

Christians were

not punished for their belief: thought was always free in Rome,

(Merieven under the most suspicious and despotic emperors. amentiae, faterentur, 66, 11. esset, 66, iii. vale.)
50,
eclge.
i.

2.

libellus
4.

crimine,
rerum.

54, x.

inciderunt,
there one.

came

to

sine auctore, an anonymoiis

7iote.

my quonim
Jcnowl-

= quarum
207,
17
.

non nemo,

^ere

ministrse, deaconesses.

et per tormenta, even by torments.

and

28. venire,

from veneo,

35,

11.

end.

victimarum

limits

pastum.

3^4

LATIN READER.
is

Trajan
empire.
perors,"

the noblest and most heroic

name of
" five

the

Roman

He was

second in the

list

of the

good em-

whose reigns cover near a ceutury of what has been

happiness to the

called the period of greatest

human

race.

He was
man.
to

a brave soldier, and a

humane and
to 117.

sagacious states-

His reign was from a.d. 98

hastily,

This letter seems

his

have been written

under the press of

great

public cares.

For the Christians he probably only

felt

an im-

patient contempt, curiously contrasting with PIiny's anxious

scruples
;

and the policy he

enjoins, excepting his injunction

anonymous charges, seems coldly harsh, and quite unworthy of his generally wise and firm administration.
to disregard all

quasi certam formam, a sure appUcation as

exempli,
etc.
:

208.

4.

in

universum

constitui, laid doicn as a general nde.

it loere.

Pessimi

Trajan compares his OAvn mild government with

thc tyrannies of Tiberius and his successors.

TACITUS.
C.

CoRNELius Tacitus,
is

" the greatest historian of anti-

quity,"

also the greatest

name

in
is

Roman

literature after

Cicero.
that

His
is,

style belongs to

what

called the Silver

Age,

the earlier times of the empire.

He

was a friend

of Pliny; and died, probably, not long after him, in the

reign of Trajan.

The

subject of his Annals and Histories

the period of the earlier emperors,

picion,

a time of

is

treachery, suscruelty.

and

intrigue, of licentiousness

and great

His

temper seems often harsh and contemptuous, perhaps morose,

in dealing with the great crimes

and the base men that sucbut he has

left

ceeded the

fall

of the Republic

a few pictures

of pure and noble virtue.

His language, as

in describing the

great conflagration of the time of Nero, will be found here

and there

difficult

and obscure

but grandly picturesque and

sense,

powerful when one masters

degree.

its

and with a sombre

pathos which perhaps no other historian has had in like

NOTES

TACITUS

3^S

Nero

(L. Domitius Ahenobarbus Claudius) was the sixth

a.d. 54 emperor, by adoption one of the Ciesars, reigning from a povver, He was a boy of fifteen on coming to to 68. the later, became, handsome, popular, amiable boy but he

most

extraordinary

compound

of

profligacy,

vanity,

and

cruelty that even the

Roman
dured

State

still

That the history of the Empire shows. should have enname a Republic in

for fourteen

years what

it is

charity to call the insane

freaks and caprices of this sickly and

weak-minded youth,

is

partly explained by the name of Ca^sar, which he inherited, and by the deep horror left on men's minds by the century of

the Civil

Wars;

partly

by the remorseless cruelty of the

Roman temper and

manners.

The

narrative

of Tacitus

rather softens than magnifies the popular suspicions as to his

guilt in the matter of the great conflagration.

This passage
nals, ch.

is

taken from the Fifteenth

Book

of the

An-

38-44.
5.

909.

princeps, prince
;

title

given in early times to the

leader of the Senate

;

was that by which the emperor was chiefly hc was known chiefly as commander of abroad, Rome in known circi: the Circus Maximus, where the the armies, imperator.
it

great games were held, was in a long narrow level, in a valley that ran northwestwardly towards the river, between the Palatine and Aventine. Tlie fire began at the foot of Moimt CoeHus, at
the upper end, where the flames fuU play.

wooden

galleries of the Circus

:

gave the

munimentis, Jire-proof walls

;
:

notice that vel

connects

domus and

templa, as being obstructions of similar

corresponds to

nature ( 43, 3)
et

while aut separates them from aliud morae.

et, hoih,

obnoxia urbe
,

-que below
(e

obnoxia,
out

exposed; artis (frora artus), narrow;

enormibus

norma,

of rule)
20.

irregular.
.

lamenta

pars
.

all

these nominatives are subj. of

:

pediebant.

fessa

aetas (Ritter has fessi sevo)

tlwse

imworn

with years, or helpless in childhood,

and pueritiae the gen. hmiting i.e., the next streets (proxima)

setas.

setate

being

abl. of cause,

illis

quoque,

these too,

310.

4.

victus:

this genitive

their store, even

of daily food.

quamvis

hmits fortunis, having lost all patente effugio, no


306

LATIN READER.

maiter how open the icay of escape. crebris minis, hij reason of, &c. esse sibi auctorem, that they were aciing under orders.

11. Aiitium (^Anzio), oii the coast, thirty-five miles froin llome,

was a

favorite residence of

Nero.

monumenta

Agrippae: the

splendid structures and gardens of Agrippa, minister and son-inlaw of Augustus, were in the Campus Martius, outside the city as
the Pantheon, now standing, belonged to theni. gardens (of the Vatican) were beyond the Tiber, near where St. Peter^s church now stands. ternos nummos, i.e., tliree sesterces the modius, or twelve cents a peck. domesticam

then built;
iSrero^s

scaenam, a stage
27.

in his

own

house.

apud imas
shown by

Esquilias, near where the Coliseum

it first

now
;

stands,

about half a mile north of where

fire is

broke out.

The second
the entire

inscriptions to have lasted three days

conflagration continued seven or nine days.

Sll*
for

1.

Tigellinus was a favorite freedman of Nero, notorious

for his corruption

and extortion.
not so much.

cognomentum, a

later

form

cognomen. 10. haud perinde,

near Naples, more than a hundred miles from Ilome, separated from the Tiber by bays and rocky headLands. squalenti, harren
or dusiy.
the raore
26.

aquis dat. after humidum, conisus common form of spelling is connisus. urbis quse domui supererant, ichat of the city remained
: :

gignendis

Averno:

Lake Avernns

is

after the palace loas huilt

llitter

omits domui.
;

Gallica incenafter their retreat,

dia: the city was burned by the Gauls b.c. 389

it

was rebuilt
1.

in great haste,

and very

irregularly.

313.

finivit, limited

orfxed.

domibus aut insulis: the

owned and occupicd by a single proprietor the insula a block of tenements, bounded by streets or alleys on each side. These insulae were often built to a great height, the laAv of Augustus restricted them to seventy and svvarmed with the poorer population of the city. feet, utique et ut, following destinabat. certa sui parte, in
a complete edifice, or mansion,
;

domus was

is

certain parts (sui

lic

plur.)

aqua,

subj. of flueret

of the pub-

aqueducts, which were very numerous and finely constructed

some of them brought water from a distance of sixty miles. sc. erant: guards were stationed for this purpose. communione parietum communibus parietibus abl. after ambirentur.
custodes,


NOTES
20.

TACITUS

307

The books of the Sibyl, which she sold to King Tarquin, preserved by a special body of priests, the quincarefuUy were decimviri sacris faciundis (Hb. 145), and consulted in emergencies.
sellisternia, hanquets to female deitits
:

those*. to
sit

the

gods were lectisternia goddesses,

;

on stools (sell^) while the gods, like men, reclined at their meals on Christianos this is the first distinct mention couches (lecti)
liiie

wotnen, must

of the Christians in Pagan history.

Suetonius says, more briefly (Nero, ch. IG), "Afflicti suppliciis Christiani, genus hominum And of the previous reign he superstitionis novje ac maleficae." " false Christs" a more doubtful allusion, perhaps, to the
says, with

of the Jewish fanatics,

"Judaeos impulsore Chresto assidue

tumultuantes

Roma

expulit."

mankind 7. odio humani generis, e^imity towards all (Merivale), the charge constantly brought against the Jews, with whom the Christians were often confounded. The peculiar and in clannish habits of the Jews might bring this charge upon them from the the case of the Christians, it was increased by their recoil *' sect," pleasures and vices of the pagan world, that kept them a

^13.

apart from others, and was already leading towards those extravagances of austerity and devotion which fiU the legends of monks The common belief among the Christians, that the hermits.

and end of the world was near, with the conflagration of all things, and the destruction of the Eternal City itself, might make the flammandos: this seems to be crime seem credible and likely. used here as a present passive participle (Ritter). They were

wrapped

in

a sort of mat of papyrus, smeared with

wax and tar,

a style of torture spoken of

by Juvenal

(I. 155,

VIII. 235), and

Martial (X. 25, 5).

(p. 308)

PRINCIPAL DATES OF ROMAN HISTORY.

Founding of Rome (common date) The Kings expelled Ilome a Republic Rome taken and burned by the Gauls
:

b.c. 753

Samnite Wars
First Punic

conquest of Italy
:

War Regulus Victory of Second Punic War Hannibal Scipio Third Punic War
; : ;

Duilius

509 389 343-290 .264-241 219-202 149-146

146

Carthage destroyed

Corinth taken

Numantia taken

Ti. Gracchus tribune

.

.......

133
121

ITribuneship of C. Gracchus

War

with Jugurtha

111-106
101

Cimbri defeated by Marius Civil War Marius and Sulla

:

Dictatorship of Sulla

'

peath of Sertorius
Consulship of Cicero
CaBsar in Gaul
pivil
:

Catiline's Conspiracy

tTriumvirate of Caesar,
:

Pompey, and Crassus

Cicero^s Exile

War

Caesar and
:

jBattle

of Pharsalus

Pompey Pompey defeated and murdered

Julius Caesar perpetual Dictator

Cajsar murdered
i3attle of Philippi

Battle of Actium
iCaesar

Brutus and Cassius slain Antony defeated Octavianus (Augustus), first Emperor
: :

88 82 72 63 60 58 49 48 46 44 42
31

'.

oO
a.d. 14

jTiberius
(Caligula

37

Claudius
^'^ero (last

41
of the Julian house)
.

palba
Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian
Tituff

54 68
69 79 81 96

Domitian

(last

of the Twelve Ca3sars)

Nerva
Trajan Hadrian

98

117
.

Antoninus Pius

138 161

Marcus Aurelius

Commodus,

beginning of the Decline

180

VOCABULARY.

Of the foUowing
NouNS
:

derivative forms, those which occur mo.

rarely have becn sometijnes omitted:

Feminines
in a,

Feminines

in -trix, tricis,

from nouns in us, er (m.) from nouns in -tor, toris (m.)

;
;

Diminutives in -olus, -ulus, -ellus

Verbals in -mentum, Verbals

i (x.),

equivalent to forms in -men, inis ;

Verbals in -antia, -entia Verbals in

-tus,

(f.),

from

tlie

present, denoting quality

in -tor (m.), -trix (f.),

us

(m.)

from the supine stem, denoting mjen -tura, ae, -tio, -onis (f.), from tlie supir
act.
-ilis,

stem, denoting condition or

Adjectives

Possessives in -anus, -ius,

derived from nouns

Patrials or locals in -as (atis), -ensis, -inus

Verbals in -bundus, corresponding nearly in signification with present participle

;

tl"

Adverbs,

Secondary forms in -arius, -icius, and -ivus. regularly formed from adjectives as from carus care, carius, carissime
: : :

fortis

fortiter, fortius, fortissime.

Verbs
a,

Inceptives in -sco; also,

Compounds with

the following
:

pn

fixes,

when

their

meaning

is

not otherwise altered

ab, away: as, aufero, abstiili, ablatum, take away.

to,

ad,

towanls: as affero, attuli, allatum, hring.

ante, hefore: as, BXiteiexo, j^refer ; antecello, excel.

circum, around, ahout :

con,
togetlier: as,

as,

circummunio,

to

wall around.

confero, collatum, hring

together,

compare.

de, down, ulterly : as, despicio, looh

di,
e,

or dis, asunder: as,

:

down on, despise. didiico, draw apart; disjungo, unhind.

elatum, carry
forth, vpUft.

ex, out

as, eflEero, extiili,

in,
in,

with

Nouns

or Adjectives, not: as, infinitus, houndless.

in, on,

with Verbs,

or against: as, infero, illatum, hear against.

inter, into or to pieces: as,

ne, ngc, not: as,

ob, towards: as,

interrumpo, interrupt. nequeo, cannol ; necopinatus, unlookedfor. oflfero, offer ; obvenio, meet.

per, prae, very : as,

re,

permagnus,
:

very great
;

prseclarus, glorious.

red, hack or again

as, refero, report

;)ar/
;
:

redeo, return.
aside.

se, apart: as,

siib,

se-paro,

se-cerno, pnt
as,

under or in low degree

siiper, on or in place of: as,

subdolus, crafty ; suflEero, endure. supeifundo, pour over.

VOCABULARY/^'
ABBREVIATIONS.
NouNS.

Lihri
9^
d. doubtful.

ctuf

The figures i, 2, 3, 4, signify the Conjugations. In those of the istand^th, where Verbs. only one form is given, the conjugation is regular, like amo or audio. In the others, the Perfect termination is given, and usually that of the Supine Stem only as rego, xi, ct

M.

masculine ;

v.

femhiine

N. neuter ; c.

common;

instead of the ending in

um. When compound verbs

{.

are divided

by a hyphen, the conjugation

son
d.

may be found under the simple form. a. active ; n. neuter ; p. passive Proper Names. k. king ; q queen; father ; m. mother ; s.
dist.

district

prov. j>rovitu:e

mt. mountain

myth.
;

daughter

signifies that the

:

name belongs
247-183.

to

Mythology.

The

dates are usually those of birth and death

as,

Hannibal,

b.c.

Unusual forms of inflection are given in parenthesis cognate words in brackets. Words marked t are Greek. Forms given with hyphen occur in compounds. Vowels not marked, and not long by position, are to be reckoned short. The References are to tlie Sections or Tables of the " Manual Latin Grammar."

A,
a,

the

pr^nomen Aulus.
5//, .si/ice,

abjicio, jeci, ject-, [jacio,]

nivny, cnst doivn, ubandon.

3, cast

ab,y/om,

on

the side of.

atva?/.

[ab-, nivaj/, apnrt, completely.

abactus, [abigoj dricen

abaciis,
i,

abjiidico, i, give sentence. abjungo, nxi, nct-, 3, unyoke, part.

m
i
,

(lesh,

reckoning-hoord.

abalieno,

estrange, alienate, trans-

fer, withdraw.

abavus, i, m., gr. gr. grandfather. abdico, i, deny, abdicate, resign. abdico, xi, ct-, 3, refme assent.
abditus,
hidden, secret. abdo, didi, dit-, 3, to hide, remnve. abdiico, xi, ct-, 3, lead aivay, ivithdraw, degrade. abeo, ii (ivi), it, 4, depart,' vanish, abandon, end, change. abequito, i, ride away. aberro, i, ivander, stray.
a,

abjuro, i, deny on oatk. ablatus. [aufero,] cnrried off. ablego, i, send away. abludo, si, sum, 3, differ. abluo, ui, ut-, T ivn^^h nwny,cleanse.

um,

abnego, i, deny, refuse. abnormis, e, out of rule. abnuo, nui, niit- (nuit-),
refuse, reject, forbid.

3,

deny,
abol-

aboleo, evi
ish,

(ui), it-, 2, clieck,

remove.

abolesco, evi,

abfore, [sum,] he away.

abhinc, .^iiice, Jienceforth. abhorreo, ui, 2, shrink,ahhor,dijfer. abiegnus, a, uni, of fir.

abiens, euntis, [eo,] departing. abies, etis, v., fr-tree,fr-wood. abigo, e;^i, act-, [ago,] 3, drive awny. abitus, U3, M., departure, outlet. abjectus, a, um, downcast, mean,
abject.

3, wither, decay. abolitio, onis, f., annulling. abolla, ae, f., robe, clonk. abominor, i, deprecate, hate, detest. aborigines, um, M., primitive colo-

nists,frst inhabitanfs.

aborior, ortus, 4, set, disappear. abortus, us, M., ahortion. abrado, si, sum, 3, scrape off,
shave.

abripio, ui, rept-, 3, drag away, squander. abrogo, i, rcpeal, annul.

abrumpo
abrumpo,
abruptus,
abs, from.
rupi, rupt-, 3, hreak tear away.
a,
off,

accusatio.
Academia, ae, F., Academy, a gymf
f

um,

hroken^ steep ; n.,

nasium near Athens. acanthis, idis, f., goklfinch.

acanthus,
i,

hoitom, depth.

m., bear's-foot, thorn.

abscedo, cessi, cess-,

3, departy escape^ deslst. abscessus, us, m., departure.

Acarnan, anis, c, of Acarnania (W. dist. of central Greece).

3, approach, advance against, be added, hefall. accelero, i, hasten. accendo,di, sum, 3, kindle, inflame. accenseo, ui, it- (ens-), 2, reckon among.

accedo, cessi, cess-,

abscido, cidi,
off'-

cis-, (caedo,) 3, cut

absciiido, scidi, sciss-,

aicay.

3,

send

abscisus, a, um, cut

off,

abrupt.
/c?e, lose

abscondo,
sight of.

didi, dit-, 3,

absens,

tis,
e,

(absum,) ahsent.
very unlike. i, n., ivormwood.

accensus, i, m., attendant, recruit. accepto, I, receive. acceptus, a, um, acceptaUe. accerso, ivi, itum, 2fGtch, sendfor.
accessio,
crease.

absimilis,

5nis,

f.,

approach^ in-

absinthium,
absisto,

stiti, 3, depart, desist, cease.

absolutus, a, um, complete. absolvo, vi, ut-, 3, acquit, discharge. absorbeo, ui, 2, suck in, swallow.

accessus, iis, m., approach. accido, cidi, (cado,) 3, fall upon,

hefall,

happen.
cis-, (caedo,) 3, cut

accido, cidi,
short or into.

absque, without, hut for. abstergeo, si, sum, 2, luipe clear or

away. absterreo, ui, it-, 2, frighten away. abstersus, a, um, luiped off. abstinentia, se, f., ahstinence, restraint.

accingo, nxi, nct-,

3,

gird, equip.
3, get,

accio, 4, swnmon. accipio, cepi, cept-, (capio,)

receive, utulerlake.

accipriter, tris, m., hawk.

abstineo,

ui, tent-, 2,

hold away,
ah-

ahstain, refrain.

accisus, (accido,) cut off, ruined. accitus, us, M., summons. acclamo, i, shout, applaud.
acclinis,
e,

abstraho,

xi, ct-, 3,
si,

draw away,
3, thrust

leaning on.

stract, release.

abatrudo,
conceal.

sum,

away,

abstrusus,

a,

um,

concealed, re-

served, difficult.

absum, esse, fui, to he absent, distant,

different, unfxt.

acclino, i, lean forward. [cending. acclivis, e, (-us, sl, um,) steep, (asacclivitas, atis, F., acclivity, ascent, accola, ae, c, neighhor. accolo, ui, cult-, 3, dwell near. accommodo, i, suit, fit, conform.

[stroy.

accommodus,
groiv
to,

a,

um,

suitable.
3,

absiimo, mpsi, mpt-,

absurdus, a, um, abundantia, ae, F., ahundance. abunde, in ahundance. ab-undo, i, ahound, ocerflow. abusque, yrr7; asfar as.
advantage.

waste, deuhsurd, sfvpid.

3,

accresco, crevi, cret-,

he added.
,

increase^

accubo, ui, it-, i sit or lie (at table), accudo, di, sum, 3, to hammer oat.

abutor, iisus, 3, ahuse, consume, take

accumbo, cubui, cubit-, 3, Ue near. accumulo, i, iieap up. accuratus, a, um, exact; careful.
acciiro,
i,

care for.
3,

Abydus,

a town in Asia, on the Hellespont.

i,

f.,

accurro, cucurri, curs-,

towards.

run

ac=atque, and,

as.

t acacia, ae, f., thorn.

accursus, us, m., concourse. accusatio, onis, f., accusa'ion.

accusator
accusator, oris, m., accuser. accuso, I, accuse, inform against.
acer, eris, n., maple. acer, cris, cre, keen^ eager, vigorous,

adeptus.
actuarius,
actus, actus,
a,

actor, oris, m., driver, actor, agent. a, um, for driving, rowing, swift.

um,

driven; n., deed.

acerbe, hitterly, sharphj. acerbitas, atis, f., Utterness^ harshness.

iis,

actutum,
aculeus,
i,

m., impulse, act, deed. at once.

m., sting, prickle.

acerbo, i, to embitter. acerbus, a, um, bitter^ harsh, sad. acernus, a, um, of maple.
acerra,
e, F.,

acumen,
ness.

inis, n., edge, point, keen-

acuo,

censer, incense-box.

acervatim, m heaps. acervo, i, to heap up. acervus, i, m., heap, pile. acesco, acui, 3, to turn sour.

i, iitum, 3, to sharpen, rouse. acus, us, ubus, f., needle, pin. acute, sharply. acutus, a, um, sharp, pointed, vio-

acetum,

i,

n., vinegar.

AchaBmenes, is, first k. of Persia. Achaicus (-aeus), a, um, Greek.

achates,
ae, m., agate.

lent, keen, sagacious. ad, to, towards, near, for, at, according to, besides. [ad-, near, towards, in addition. adactus, (adigo,) driven.

Achelous,

Acheron
Hades.
Achilles,

a river of N. Greece. (uns), tis, m., a river in

M.,
is,

adaeque, adaequo,

in Like
i,
i,

manner.
equal, compare.

make
n.,

adagium,
steel.

proverb.

adamanteus
of
t

(inus), a,

um, hard as

ea, champion Greece in the Trojan war.

a,
a,

Achivus,
acidus,
acies,
tle,

um, Grecian. um, .sowr, sharp,

adamas, adamo, i,
adaperio,

antis, m., tempered steel. begin to love. [cover.

ui,
i
,

tart.

tum,

4, to

open, un-

edge, sight^ line-of-batkeenness.

ei, f.,

adaquor, adaugeo,

to get icater.

xi, ct-, 2, increase,devote.

t acinaces,

acinus,
stone.

i,

Persian sicord. m. (um, n.), grape-berry or

is, m.,

adaxim=adegerim, (perf.
adigo, drive). [adc-, see acc-.

subj. of

acipenser,

eris, M., sturgeon.

aclis, idis, f., dart.

aconitum,

i,

n.,

wolfs-bane.

addecet, it isfit. addenso, i, (a.), eo, 2, (n.), thicken. addico, xi, ct-, 3, to favor, doom,
devote, yield, adjudge.

acquiesco, evi, et-, 3, come to rest. acquiro, sivi, sit-, ;^,gnin,get, add. acrimonia, se, sharpness, pungency.
acriter, (acer,) eagerly^ keenly.
f

addictus, a, um, devoted; u., a hondsman. additus, (addo,) joined.

acroSma,

atis, N.,

music or recita-

tion; a musician.

addo, didi, dit-, 3, to add, give, join. addubito, i, incline to doubt.

addiico, xi,
ct-,3, lead along, hring towards, induce, contract.
a,

Acrisius, myth. father of Danae. Acroceraunia, the mt. boundary of Macedonia and Epirus,
acta,
ae, f.,

adductus,
ad-edo,

um,

strained, severe.
eat up.

shore, breaker.

3, hite at,

ActcBon, onis, myth. gr.-son of Cadmus, torn by his own hounds. Acte, es, f., (coast-land) Attica.
actio, onis,
f.,(

ademptus, (adimo,)
adeo,
ad-eo,
to that

taken away.
visit,

degree, so, sofar, truly.

4,

to

approach,

attack,

ago,) aclion, acling,

undertake, undergo.

suit at Iniv.

Actium,

promont. of Epirus, scene of Antony's defeat, B. c. 31.

i,

n.,

adeps, ipis, T>.,fat. adeptus, (adipiscor,) having

tained.

at-

adequito
adequito,
i,

adverto.
adnitor, nis- (nix-), 3,attempt,strive
for, lean against.

ride

up

to.

[adf-=aif-; adg-=agg-.

adheereo

(esco), haesi, haes-, 2, to cling, fasten, border upon.

adhibeo, ui, it-, 2, appli/ to, summon, cmploy, have near, bring in. adhortor, i, exliort, encourage. adhuc, hitherto, besides, as yet.
adigo, egi, act-,
3,

adno, I, swim towards. adoleo, ui, ult-, 2, burn, consume (as sacritice), serve by ritual. adolescens, tis, c, a youth. adolescentia, ^, f., youth. adolesco, evi, ult-, grow, come to
ripeness, burn (on the altar).

drive^force, urge.
3,

adimo, emi, empt-,

adipiscor, adeptus,
rive at, overtake.

take away,

Adonis,

setfree, deprive, rob.

3,

win, get, ar-

aditus, U3, M., approach, access.

adjaceo,

ui, 2, lie near.

adjicio, jeci, ject-, add, casl upon, put upon, turn towards. adjudico, i, adjudge, assign.

is (idis), myth. prince of Cyprus, loved by Venus. adoperio, ui, ert-, 4, cover over. adoptio, onis, f., adoption. adopto, I, to select, adopt. ador, oris, n., fne wheat, spelt. adoreus, a, um, of wheat ; f., gift of corn. adorior, ort-, 4, accost, attack, begin.

adjumentum,

i,

n., help.
3,

adjungo, nxi, nct-,

join, annex,

adorno, i, equip, adorn. adoro, i, to ivorship, accost,

entreat.

altach, apply, bring near.

[adp-=app
arr-;

adq-=acq-

adr-=

adjuro, i, adjure, conjirm by oath. adjuto, I, to help. adjutor, oris, m. -trix, tricis, f.,
;

ads-=ass-; adst-=ast-. adscisco, scivi, scit, 3, summon,

join, receive, admit.

helper, assistant.

adsum
help, sustain.
to

adjuvo, jiivi, jiit-, aid,

[adl-=all-.

admetior, mensus,
out.

4,

measure

(assum), be near. adulor, i Jiatter, fawn. adulter, era, um, adulterous. adultero, i, to alter, corrupt. adultus, (adolesco,) growrt up.
,

Admetus, myth.

k.

of Thessaly.

adumbro,

i,

shadow

out,

sketchy

adminiculo (or), i, to prop, assist. adminiculum, i, N., aprop,support.

administer, tri, m., a^sislant. administro, i manage, serve, aftend. admirabilis, e, admirable, strange. admiratio, onis, f., wonder. admiror, i, iconder at, admire, gaze. admisceo, cui, mixt-, 2, mingle in.
,

overshadoiv.

aduncus, a, um, hooked. adiiro, ussi, ust-, 3, burn, scorch. adusque, even to, throughout. adustus, a, um, parched, scorched. adveho, xi, ct-, 3, cairy, bring.
adveio,
i,

to veil.

admissum,

i,

n., fault, crime.

3,

advena, ae, cforeigner, advenio, veni, vent-,

approach, be added.

neiv-comer.
4,* arrive,

admitto, misi, miss-,

admit,permit, commit, consent, spur on.

very, quite, ivholly,fully.
4,

adventicius,

a,

nm, foreigner.
arrival.

admodum,
admolior,

admoneo, ui, it-,

heap up, bring to. 2, admonish, warn.

advento, i, to advance. adventus, iis, m., coming,

adversarius,
pnsed ;
a,

admonitio, onis, f., warning. admoveo, movi, mot-, 2, bring

near, opply, direct.

nm.,fronting, opM., enemy.

i,
i,

adversor,

oppose, thwart.
n., adversity. disaster.
toiv-

admurmuro,
adnato
adnepos,

mAirmur near. adnascor=agnascor, grow to.

i, to

adversum, adversum,

(-versus), against,

ards, opposite.

(adno),

i,

swi^n towards.

otis, m., gr. gr. grandson.

adversus, a, um, cojifrary, opposite. adverto, ti, sum, 3, turn towards,

adverto

5Itiia.

animum adv., observe, attendto; auim. SiAv.in, procced against, pnnish. advesperascit, avit, 3, itgrows late. advocatio, onis, f., summons.
direct;

aeneua (aenus),

a,

um,

brazen;

N.,

^olus,

i,

god of the Winds.

e, a,

\_pot.

aequabilis,

equal, even,just.

aequaevus,
aequalis,

advocatus, i, m., counsel, advocale. advoco, I, callfor, summon. advolo, i,Jlf/ towards. ad-volvo, 3, roll towards,faU before.

equal age. even, equal in age, Uke. ceque, equally, just so.
e,
i,

um, of

aequinoctium,
aequiparo,
i,

n.,

(nox,) equinox.

niatch,

make

equal.

advorsum=adversum,
adytum,
i,

against.

aequitas, atis, f., justice, fairness, calmness, moderation.

n.,

sanctuary, tomh.

-aiacides,
Achilles.

ae,

descendantof yEacus,

aequo, i, to make equal, level. aequor, oris, n., even surface, sea. aequus, a, um, equal, just, right.
aer,
is, a,

aiaea, ge, f., the island of Circe. -Slacus, i, myth. son of Jupiter and Europa, a jiidge in Hades. aedepol, forsooth (by Pollux). Eedes, is, f., temple; pl. house,hive. sedificatio, onis, f., building. aedificium, i, n., a building.
sedifico,
I, to

m., the air, mist.

aerarius,

a,

um, of copper or money;

;

M., coppersmith

.,

copper-mine

N., treasury, treasure.

aeratus, a, um, covered with brass. aereus, a, um, of copper or brass. geripes, pedis, brazenfooted.

build, construct.

aerius
of

(eus), a,

um,

airy, lofty.

sedilicius, a,

um, of

the Edile.

aeriigo, inis, F., rust, blight, envy.

sedilis, is, m., Edile, (inspector

buildings, police, &c.). t aedon, onis, F., nightingale. JEJetes, ae, myth. k. of Colchis. .aSgaeum mare, the A^gean Sea,
seger, gra,
-ffigeus,
i,

aerumna, ae, f., grief distress. aerumnosus, a, um, sad, ivretched.

aes, aeris, n., copper,

money, wages.

^sculapius, i, myth. son of Apollo, god of heahng.

aesculus,
i,

between Greece and Asia Minor. grum, sick, weary, sad.

myth.
k.

aestas, atis,

f.,

the Itahan oak. summer, fair iveather.

of Athens, father

aestifer, era,

um,

of Theseus.
segis, idis (os), f., shield.

aestimatio,

bringing heat. onis, f., reckoning,

-Slgisthus, i, myth. son of Thyestes

aestimo,

valuation, estate. i, to estimate, value.

and murderer of Agememnon.

segre, ius, gerrime, with dijficulty.

segresco,

3,

grow

sick,

or worse.

aestive, summer-like, scantily. aestivo, i, pass the summer. gestivus, a, um, belonging to sum-

aegiimonia,

ae, f., grief.

mer ;
sestuo,
aestus,
heat,

N., pl.
i,

summer-quarters.
n., tide-ivater inlet.

segritudo, inis, f., sickness, grief segrotatio, onis, F., sickness, disease.

aestuarium,
aestuosus,
iis,

i, boil,

a,

um,

rage, toss, burn, heated, vexed.

segroto, i, tobe sick, languish. segrotus, a, um, sick.

.ffigyptus,
k.
i,

m., tide, surge, noontide-

F.,

Egypt

also,

myth.

of Egypt, br. of Danaus. aemulatio, onis, f., rivalry.

glow of passion. aetas, atis, f., age (time of hfe). aeterno (um), continually, for ever.
aeternus,
a,

um,

aemulor, i, io rival, emulate. cemulus, a, um, emulous, vying, rival. ffineades, se, son or companion of yEneas. ffineas, ee, myth. prince of Troy, founder of the Roman race.

aether, eris (os), heaven.

efennd, perpetual. a (em), m., ether,

a,

aetherius (-eus),

um,

celesiial.

^thiops,
aethra,

opis, Ethiopian,swarihy.
clear sky.

se, f.,

-ffJtna, se, f.,

Mt. Eina, in

Sicily.

5Itolia

alauda.
age sis,
(si vis,) go to, come on. agger, eris, m., heap, mound, dike,

^tolia,

ae, f., dist. N. of the Gulf of Corinth. eevum, i, n., age (period), Ufetime. Afer, fra, um, African. affaber, bra, um, curious, skilful. affatim, ahundantly.

affatus, iis, m., talk, address. aifectio, onis, f., disposition, state

embankment. aggero, i, to heap up. aggero, gessi, gest-, 3, bring upon. aggestus, iis, m., a heap, mound. agglomero, i, heap together, join. agglutino, i,fasten together.

of mind,
affeoto,
I,

love, good-will.

aggravo,
disposed.

i,

weighten, burden.
3,

ajfect or strive for,reacJi.

aggredior, gress-,

approach, at-

afifectus, a,

um, endowed,
allat-,

tack, begin, attempt.

affectus,
affero,

iis,

m., disposition, desire.

aggrego,
agilis,
e,

i,

attuli,

bring,

an-

(grex,) to add, join. movable, active, nimble,

nounce, procure, betake, cdlege.

afficio, feci, fect-, 3, affect, infiuence, disturb.

busy.
agilitas, atis, F., quickness, speed.

affigo, fix, fix-, 3, fasten, join. affingo, nxi, fict-, 3, attach, annex.
affinis, e, adjacent, kindred.

agitatio, onis, f., movement. agitator, oris, m., driver. agito, I, (ago,) drive, rouse, attack, keep, revolve.
inis, n., fiock, troop, body of troops (on march). agna, ae, f., eioe-lamb. agnascor, 3, groiD near, be born after. agnatus, a, um, kindred (by father's
side).

affinitas, atis, F., cUliance, nearness.

agmen,

affirmatio, onis, f., assertion. affirmo, i, confirm, maintain.

afflatus,
afflicto,
iis,
I,

m., blast, breath.

vex, torment, shatter,

afflictus, a,

um,

icretched, ruined.

affligo, ixi, ict-, 3, strike, distress, cast doion, ioreck.

agnitus,

a,

um, acknowledged.
inis, n.,
nit-, 3,

agnomen,

or towards. affluens, tis, abundant. [overfiow. affluo, xi, xum, 3, flow towards or
afflo,
I,

bloio on,

agnosco, novi,
nize, admit.

surname. own, recog-

agnus,

i,

M., lamb.
3, act,

affor,

to address, accost.
loill

ago, egi, act-,

agrarius,
lands.
a,

do, lead, drive,

aifbre,

[adsum,]

be at hand.

trecU, rob, pass, ply.

2, beam doion upon. affundo, fxidi, fiis-, 3, pour upon. afore, (absum,) be aioay. Africa, ae, F., Africa, especially the country near Cajthage. Africanus, i, surname of Scipio, after the defeat of Carthage. Africus, A., African ; S.-W. wind. Agamemnon, onis, ona, myth. k. of the Greeks before Troy. agaso, onis, m., groom. agp (imperat.), agedum, come now. agellus, i, m., dim. of a.Qev,field.

affulgeo, fulsi,

um,

offields or public

agrestis, e, rustic, rude. agricola, ae, m., farmer. agricultura,8e, (-tio),F., hushandry.

Agrigentum,
of Sicily.
ain',

i,

n.,

a city in the

W.

aheneus, a, um, (aeneus,) brazen. say you so ? from

aio (defect.

38,

ii.),

say, assent.

Ajax,

acis,

name

of two Grecian

ala,.aB, f., loing,

heroes before Troy. upper arm.

agema,
agens,

atis, n., battalion.

tis, effective.

alacer, cris, cre, eager, active. alacritas, atis, f., eagerness, ropture.

Agenor, 6ris, myth. k. of Phoenicia.

ager, gri, M.,fi'eld, territory.

alapa,
alaris,

ae,

f., slap, cuff.

Agesilaus, b.c. 440-360, ta, victor at Coronea.

k.

of Spar-

e (ius, a, um), of a alauda, ae, f., lark.

loing.

Alba
36, an ancient town of Latium, 20 miles S. E. of Rome. albeo, 2, (-esco, 3,) be or grow white. albico, I, to loliiten. albus, a, um, wldte^ fair^ favorable ; N., whiteness, white, a tahlet.

Alpes.
aliquam, in soyne degree. aliquamdiu, for some time. aliquando, some time, at length. aliquantisper, /or a lohile. aliquantulum, some liitle.
aliquantus,
siderable
;

Alba,

a,

um, somewhat^

con-

alcedo,
alces,

inis, f., kingfisher.

is, f., elk.

Alcibiades, is, an Athenian general, b.c. 450-404. Alcides, ae, a name of Hercules. Alcmena (-umena), ae, mytli. wife of Amphitryo, m. of Hercules. falcyon, onis, f., kinyfsher. alea, ae, f., a die, game, risk,
aleator, oris, m., gamester.

some degree. aliquatenus, to some extent. aliqui (quis), qua, quod (quid),
-to, in

sonie ( 21,

iii.)

N., sometking,

somewhat. aliqui-piam, nny one, some other. aliquo, some-whither. aliquot, some, several. aliquoties, several times.
aliter, otherwise.

alec (halec), ecis, n., hrine. Alecto, iis, f,, one of the Furies. ales, itis, winged, a bird. Alexander, dri, k. of Macedon and conq. of Asia B.c. 356-323. Alexandria, ae, a city of Egypt, founded by Alexander, B.c. 332.
;

alitus, (alo,) nourished,

aliubi, elsewhere.

aliunde,yrom
alius, a,

elsewhere.
other., (

ud, ius,

22,

2).
to.

allabor, laps-, 3,fall or glide allacrimans, tis, i, weeping.

alga,

ae, f.,

algeo, si, 2, algor, oris, m., coUL algosus, a, um, /ull of sea-weed. algu, with cold. alia, by some other way.
alias, otherwise, elsewhere, at anotlier
time^ in other respects.

sea-weed. to be cold.

allatro, i, bark at, revile. allatus, (affero,) brought. allecto, I, allure. allego, I, to despatch, incite, allege. allego, egi, ect-, 3, choose, ekct.

allevo,

I, rai.se,

ease, lighten.

allex, icis, m., thumb. Allia, ae, f., a river N. of Rome, famous for the victory of the

alibi, elsewhere, in other respeets.

Gauls, July

18, B.c. 389.

alica,

ae, f., spelt., grits,

gruel.

alicubi, somewhere, anywhere. alicunde,/rowi somewhere. alieuatio, onis, f., transfer, desertion, separation, enmity. alienigena, ae, c, foreigner. alieno, i, estrange, remooe, alter. alienus, a, um, another's, unfamrable, unfit, foreign, hostile; aes

allicio, lexi, lect-, 3, allure, entice. allido, si, sum, 3, dash against,
icreck.

alligo, i,fasten to, hind, detain. allium, i, N.,'garUc.

allocutio, onis, f. ; -quium, i, N., address. alloquor, ciitus, 3, to address, exhort, console

alienum,
aliger, era,

debt.

um, winged. alimentum, i, n. -monia,

;

ae, f.,

allubesco, 3, please. alludo, si, sum, 3, sport, banter. alluo, ui, 3, wash,flow near.
alluvies,
ei, f.,

food, noorishment, support.

ali5, e/sewhither.

poo!, overflow.

almus,
alnus,

a,

um,

(alo,) nourishing, be-

alioqui (-quin), otherwlse, hesides. aliorsum (-versum), in another way. alipes, pedis, wing-footed.
faliptes, ae, m., trainer, anointer. aliqua, by some way, somewhere.

nign, cherishing, propitious.

i, F., alder. alo, ui, alt- (alit-), ^./eet/, nourish.

f aloe, es,

f., aloe, hitterness.

Alpes, ium,

f., the

Alps.

Alpheus
Alpheus
alsus
alte,

Amphion.
ambedo,
[ambiabout.

(eios),

i,

m.,
cold.

a river of

Peloponnesus.
(ius), a,

(amla-,

edi, es-, 3, consume. am-, an-), round

um,

altaria,

ium,
hif/h,

n. pl.,

Mgh

altar.

on

deeply.

ambigo, 3, wander, douht, dispute. ambiguus, a, um, doublful, drifting,

uncertain, obscure.

alter, era, um(g.,-terius),ofAer (of

ihe other. two), secoh<i; one altercatio. onis.F., guarrel, dwpute. altercor, r, contend^ wrangle.
.
.
.

ambio,

4,

go

ahoiit, encircle, solicit.

f., solicitatioji, flat-

ambitio, onis,

tery, amhition,

canvassing.

alternis (ne, na), hij titrns. alterno, i, to (dternate, hesitaie. alternus, a, um, alternate. alter-uter, one or the other. althaea, ae, f., marsh-maUmu. Althaea, ae, myth. m. of Meleager. altilis, e, wdl-fed^ fat. altisonus, a, um, loftif in tone. altitudo, inis, f., height, depth.
altor, oris,

ambitiosus,

a,

um,

ttvining, court-

ingfivor, vain, amhitious.

ambitus,

us, m., circuit, hrihery,

ambo,
f

86, o, (

18,

i.,

2,) hoth.

ambrosia, ae, .,foodfor gods. ambrosius, a, um, divine, lovely, ambulo, i, widl\ go, march.
ambiiro, ussi, ust-,
3,

hurn ahout,

ambustus,
amellus,
i,

a,

um,

scorched.
distracted.

m.

-trix, tricis,

f.,

m.,

purple starwort.

nourisher,

amens,

tis,

mad, insane^

altrinsecus, on the other side.

amentia,

se, .,
i,

um, (alo,) // /r///, deep, remote. aliicinor, i,icunder inmind^dream.

altus, a,

amento,

madness. furnish or hurl

n., thong.

icith

thong, impel.

aliimen, inis, n., alum. alumnus, i, m. a, ae, f,, (alo,)/t)s;

amentum,

i,

ter-chitd, pupil.

aliita, ae, f., soft teather.

ames, itis, m., stake, forTced pole, amfractus, iis, m., hend, crook. amica, ae, f., friend, mistress.
amicio, ui
amicitia,
(xi), ct-, 4, tvrap, clothe.
ae,

alvearium,

i,

n., hee-hive.

alveolus, i, m., /m//, tub, huclcet. alveus, i, m. um, n., channelyhull

;

amictus,

iis,

(of ship), cavity, hive.

amiculum,

.,friendship. m., garment, covering. i, n., mantle.

alvus, i, M., amabilis, e,

f., hellg.

lovcly.

Amalthea, a nymph

of

Crete,

who fed Jupiter with goat'smilk. amando, i, send away.

amans,
tis,

amiculus, i, M., dear friend. amicus, a, nm, friendly, friend. amita, ae, F., fadierh sister. amitto, misi, miss-, 3, lose, let go.

[amni-=adm-.

fond, friendly,

lover.

Ammou,
stream).

onis,

m.,

the

supreme

j-

amanter, /ovingfy. amaracus, i, c. (um, n.), marforam. amarantus, i, m., amaranth. amaror, oris, m., Intterness. amarus, a, um, hitter, harsh, sud. amasius, i, M., lover, gidlant. amator, oris, m., lovei\friend.

Egyptian cleity. amnis, is, M., river (large deep

amo,

I,

to love.

hefond of
F.,

amoenitas, atis,
chnrm, darling.

pleasatitness,

amoenus,
amolior,

a,

um,

pleasant, fair.

Amazones, um,
ambactus, ambages,
i,

myth. tribe of female warriors, of Thrace.

f.,

4, piit
i,

away.

amomum,
amor,

n., spice-plant.

M., vassal.
f.,

oris, m., love, desire.

ot-, 2, remove, steal.

is,

circumlocution,

ohscnrity, tligression

amoveo, ovi, Amphiaraus,

ambarvalis,
felds.

e,

going

ahout

the

myth. seer and i, hero in the siege of Thebes. Amphion, onis, myth. k. of Thebes.

Amphitrite
Amphitrite, es, sea-goddess, wife of Neptune. Amphitryo (uo), onis, myth. k. of Thebes, husband of Alcmena.

annulus.

Amphitryoniades, ae, Uercules. amphora, se, f., icaier-jar.

amplector, xus, 3
;

-xor,

i, lo

em-

brace, comprehend.

anfractus, us, m,, turning, bend. anfractus, a, um, broken, hent. f angelus, i, m., angel, messenger. f angina, se, f., choking. angiportus, us, m., lane, allei/. ango, xi, ct- (x-), 3, choke, strangle, iorment, press hard iipon. angor, oris, m., distress. strangling.
anguilla,
ae, f., eel.

amplexus, us, m., emhrace. amplio (-fico), i, enlarge, widen,

delafi^
<lloriJ'!/.

anguinus

(eus), a,

um,

snaky.

amplitudo,
nity^

inis, f., largeness, dig-

grandeur.

anguis (en), is, c, (ango,) snake. angulus, i, m,, corner, angle, nook. anguste, narrowly, closely.
angustiae, arum,
f., pl.

ampiius, more^further^ [ample.] amplus, a, um, large^ strong, great.

narrowness,

ampuUa,

ae, f.,

Jiask^ Jar, bombast.

gr.-

narrow /)ass, defile, dijjiculty. angustus, a, um, narrow, scanty.

anhelitus, iis, m., breath, panting. anhelo, i, to pant, gasp. anhelus, a, um, paniing, gasping.

amputo, I, prune, cut ojf. Amulius, i, myth. k. of Alba, uncle of Romulus. amurca, se, f., oil-lees, dregs.
amussis,
is,

Anien=Anio
ad
in

(a river).

im,

f.,

foot-rule

anilis, e, old-womanish.

amussim, exacd//. Amyclae, arum (e, es), a town

and Pollux (Amyclaei
f
i,

anima, se, f,, air, hreath, animadversio, onis, f.,

proach, invesii(/aiion.

life.

noiice, re-

Laconia, birthplace of Castor

fratres).

animadverto,
in
{\\.

ti,

amygdalum, i, n., almond. famylum, n., starch. Amyntas, ae, k. of Macedon, father
of Phihp
;

acc),

to

sum, 3, attend to jmnish, chastise.

animal, alis, n., living creature. animalis, e, of air, living.

died b.c. 370.

amystis,

idis, f., eager draugltt.

an, wJiether, or; (interrog. 71). f anagnostes, se, m., reader. f analecta. orum, n., scraps. anas, atis, (ium), f., duck. anceps, cipitis, two-headed, douht-

um
ae,

animans, tis, living, animate. animatus, a, um, minded, disposed. animo, i, /0 give breath or life. animosus, a, um, spirited, daring. animus, i, m., soul, mind, disposition, spirit,

temper,

life.

ful,. perilous, critical.

Anio, enis, m., the Teverone, branch of the Tiber.

annalis, hook ;
e,

Anchises,

a prince of Troy,

Anna, ae, (Perenna,) sister of Dido.

of a year ;
m., yearpl. annals, narrative.
3, bind,

father of yEneas.
f anchora=ancora, anchor.

ancile, is, n., shield. ancilla, ae, f., maid-servant. f ancon, onis, M.,fork, corner. f ancora, ee, f., anchor. Ancus Marcius, fourth k. of Rome,

annecto, xui, xum,

annitor, nis- (nix-),
against.

fasten.

Annibal=Hannibal.
3, strive,

lean

anno

(adno),

i,

swim

to.

reigned b.c. 640-618. Andromache, es, wife of Hector. Andromeda, myth. d. of Cepheus, rescued by Perseus. anellus, i, m., a littie ring.
f

annon, or not. annona, ae, f.,

corn, provision.

harvest, price

of

anemone,

es, f., wind-flower.

i,

annosus, a, um, aged. annotinus, a, um, last year^s. annoto, i, itote, ohserve, register.
annulu.'^ (anulus),
i,

f anethum,

n., anise, dill.

m., ring.

10

annumero
i,

apparate.
BXitiqvie, formerly, in the old way. antiquitas, atis, f., antiipiity, the

annumero,

cowit up, reckon.

annuo, ui, ut-, 3, nod, assent, grant. annus, i, m., year. annuus, a, um, yearly, a-year.
an-quiro, quisivi,
3, inquire, searcli.

good old

icays.

sit-,

[quaero,]

antiquitus, anciently, of old. antiquo, l, restore, rejteal, reject. autiquus, a, um, ancient, fumous,
venerahle, old.

ansa, ae, f., liantlle. ansatus, a, um, witli Jiandles. anser, eris, m., goose.

antistes,

itis,

c,

priest, overseer.

ante (acc),
antea,

hefore, in front.

anti-sto=ante-sto, excel. Antium, i, a coast-town of Latium.

hefor^^^ fornierly.,

Antonius, M., the triumvir, de-

anteactus, [ago,] done hefore. ante-capio, 3, anticipate,preoccupy. ante-cedo, 3, go hofore, excel.

prominent. antecessor, oris, m., atlmnce-gnard.
3, excel, he

antrum,

feated at Actium, b.c. 31. i, n., care, groVo, cavity.

ante-cello,

antecursor, oris, m scoitt, fuoneer. ante-eo, 4, go hefore, exceed.

,

ante-fero, hear hefore, prefer. antegredior, gressus, 3, usker in. antehac, tili noii\formerly. antelatus, [fero,] preferred. anteliicanus, a, um, hefore day. ante-mitto, 3, send hefore. antenna (mna), ae, f., sailyard, spar.

anulatus, a, um, decked with rings. anulus, i, m., ring, seal-ring. anus, iis, f., old ivoman. anxie, anxiously. anxietas, atis, f., anxious care. anxius, a, um, anxious, unquiet. Anxur, uris, n., a coast-town of Latium. Aonia, se, a district of Boeotia. apage, airay! auaun'
.

antepilauus,
rank.

i,

m.,

of

the

front

i, the Aj)ennine. aper, apri, m., wild hoar. aperio, erui, ert-, 4, io open, disclosy

Apenninus,

display, revecd.

ante-pono, 3, set hefore, prefer. ante quam, htfore (that).

.
. .

anterior, us, former, infront. antes, ium, m., ranks, rows. antesignanus, i, m., one in front (of standard). ante-sto, i, stawlhefore, excel. antestor, i, snmmon as witness. antevenio, veni, vent-, 4, come
hefore, preven/, surjjass.

aperte, operdy, clearly. aperto, i, to lay hare. apertura, ae, f., opening. apertus, a, um, open, uncovered. apex, icis, m., tip, cap, summil.

faphractus, i, F., undecked ship. apianus, a, um, of hees ; f., camomUe. apiarius, a, um, ofhees; m., heekeeper ;
N., hee-house.
i,

anteverto,

si,

sum,

3,

oufstrip,pre-

apiastrum,

n., mint,

halm.

cede, prevent, prefer.

antevolo. i,./?.v hefore. anthrax, acis, m., (coal), cinnahar.

anticipatio, onis, f., previous idea. anticipo, i, anticipale, surpass. t antidotum, i, n., antidote, remedy.

apicula, ae, f., little hee. apis (es), is, F., hee. apiscor, apt-, 3, pursue,

seize, g&t.

apium,
apliida,

i,

n.,

parsley.

ae, f.,

hran, chaff.

aplustre,

is, n., shiji^s

stem.

Antigone, es, myth. d. ofCEdipus. Antiochia, ae, the capitalof Syria. Antiochus, i, name of several
kings of Syria, desc. of Seleucus the Great, R.C. 238-187. Antiopa, ae (e, es), mother of
;

Amphion, by

Jupiter.

Apollinaris, e, sacred to Apollo. Apollo, inis, god of light, music, &c., son of Jupiter and Latona. f apologia, ae, f., ajiology, defence. f apologus, i, M., fahle, tale. f apotheca, ae, f., storeJiouse. apparate, magnificently.

apparatus
apparattis,
a,

arbutus.
apto, I, to fit, join, prepare. aptus, a, um,^7, suited, ready. apud (aput), near, at, among.

11

um, sumptuous.
m., outfit, equijmient,

apparatus, us,

appareo,

apparatus, splendor. ui, it-, 2, appear, be manlfest or certain, be in public. apparitio, ouis, f., service, domestics.

Apulia=Appulia.
aqua,
ee, F., icaler;
is,

daxe, give time.

aqvialis,

m., icater-pot or bowl.

a,

aquarius,
n.,

uui,
;

of

tvater;

m.,

apparitor, oris,

puUic

servant.

icater-carrier

n., si^ik, trough.

apparo,

i, prepare, furnish. appellatio, onis, f., address, appeal, calUng by name, utterance. appello, I, accost, call, name. appello, puli, puls-, 3, push to-

aquaticus,

a, (-tilis, e), belonging to water, watery, moist. aquatio, onis, f., getting ivater.

um

aquatus, a, um, ivatery, aquifolium, i, n., holly.

aquila,
ae, f., eagle,

icards, bring to land.

appendix, icis, f., appendage. appendo, di, sum, 3, iceigh out.

appetens, tis, eager, grasping. appetentia, ae (-petitio, onis),
desire.
f.,

Aquileia,

ae,

army-standard. a town near Venice.

aquilifer^feri, n., standard-bearer.

appetitus, us, m., attack, longing,

eager desire.

aquilo, onis, m., north wind. aquilus, a, um, stvarthy. Aquitania, se, F., dist. of S. W. Gaul; -nus, a, um, Aquitanian.

ap-peto,

3, seeh, attack,

long for.

aquor, i, to bring water. aquosus, watery, ivet.

ara,
ae, f., altar,

Appia

via, a road madc by the Censor, Ap. Claudius, b.c. 313.

refuge,

Arabs, abis
ian.

(-icus, a,

monument. um), Ardb-

appingo, 3, paint, inscribe. applaudo, si, sum, 3, applaud, clap. applicatus (citus), a, um, attached.
applico, i,join,fasten, drive towards,
attach, apply, bring near.

aranea, ae, f. us, i, m., spider, cobweb ; -eum, i, n., cobweh. Arar, aris, m., tlie Saone, a branch of the Rhonc in S. E. Gaiil.
;

ap-p6no, apporto,

3,

jmt near, add, serve up.

convey.

F., bring,

appositus, a, um, situated near, fit. appotus, a, um, drunk.

ap-prehendo (-prendo), 3, apprime, especicdly, chiejly.

approbatio, onis,
F.,

seize.

aratio, onis, f., 'ploughing,field. arator, oris, m., ploughinan, farmer. aratrum, i, n., p/ough. Araxes, is, m., a river of Armenia. Arbela, oruni, n., a town of Assyria where Darius was defeated,
B.c. 332. arbiter, tri, m., witness, judge, umpire, master. arbitrarius, a, um, by arbitration, arh if ra ry, uncerta in arbitratus, us, m., choice, freewill.

approval.

approbo, i, approve,assent,corifirm. appropero, i, to hasten. appropinquo, i, to approach. Appulia, 86, F., dist. of S. E. Italy. appulsus, a, um, [pello,] driven.
appulsus, us, M., driving-up.
apricatio, onis,
shhie.
F.,

arbitrium,

i,

-^.,presence,

judgment,

basking in sun-

apricor, apricus,

bask in sunshine. uni, sunny, open to the sky, clear,full, open. Aprilis, is, m., [aperio,] April. aprinus (-ugnus), a, um, of a boar.
i,

airard, dominion, will, power. arbitror, I, observe, fudge, think. arbor (6s), oris, F., tree, mast, oar.

a,

arboreus,

a,
i,

um, of
N.,

trees.

arbustum,

copse, grove, or-

aptatus,

a,

um,

suited,ft.

chard (for training vines). arbuteus, a, um, of the arbute. arbutus, i, f. ; um, i, n., wildstrawberry-iree oy fruit.

apte, ftly, suitably.

12
arca,
ae, f., cliest,

arca

Armenius.
argentarius, a, um, of silver ; m., banker ; f., bench, mine. argenteus, a, um, of silver, silvery. argentum, i, n., silver, money.
argilla, se, f., pottei^^s clay.

Arcadia,

ae,

the

money-box. central district

of the Peloponnesus. arcano, In secret. arcanus, a, um, secret, hidden. Arcas, adis, Arcadian. arceo,
ui, 2, to shut
close,

keep

off,

constrain, (juard, conjine.

arcera, ae, f., covered carriage (for the sick), ambulance. arcesso, ivi, it-, 3, summon, fetch,
invite, obtain.

archetypus,

a,

um,

original.

Argivus, a, um, of Argos ; Greek. Argo, iis, f., the ship of Jason. Argolicus, a, um, of Argos, Greek. Argonautae, arum, the heroes who sailed for the golden fleece. Argos, N., the capital of Argohs. argumentatio, onis, f., reasoning, proof
argiimentor,
arguo,
i,

[f archi-, chief.

i,

prove by reasoning.
N., reasoning.

Archimedes, is, a mathematician and engineer of Syracuse, who

defended the
city, b.c. 212.

arguLmentum,

i,

iit-, 3,

to

make

clear, rea-

son, accuse, convict.

architectus, i, m., master-builder. arcitenens, tis, m., archer (Apollo).

Argus,

i, the keeper of lo, having slain by Mercury. 100 eyes

;

arctim
arcto,

(te), closely.
I,

argiite, shrewdly, acutely.

argiitiee,
F.,

strain close.
i,

animation,

wit.

farctos (us), Arcturus, i,

polar Bear. m., a star in Bootes. arctus, [arceo,] close, narrow, strict. arcula, ae, f., little chest, box.
f., the

argiito

(or), i, to

speak sharply or

wittily.

arcuo,
arcus,

bend, curve. m., arch, bow. ardea, se, f., heron. ardelio, onis, m., busybody. ardens, tis, glowing, hot,jiery. ardenter, hotly, vehemently. ardeo, arsi, arsum, 2, to burn.
I, to

arum, F., animation, wit, shrewdness. argiitus, a, um, acfive, keen, witty.
argiitiee,

iis

(i),

Ariadna
Minos,
Aricia,

ae,

(e, es),

who

se, f.,

myth. d. of Theseus. a town in Latium.

fled with

ariditas, atis, F., dryness.

aridus, a, um, dry, parched, lean; N., dry ground.

aries, etis, m., rani, battering-beam. arieto, i, to butt, pu.^h, batter. ariolor (hariolor), prophesy, babble. Arion, onis, myth. harpist of Les-

ardesco,

arsi, 3, takefire, gleam.

heat,

ardor, oris, m.,

jlame, glow.
dijficidt.

ardus=aridus, dry. arduus, a, um, steep,

area, ae, f., threshing-Jioor, courtyard, house-plot, field. arefacio, feci, fact-, 3, make dry. arena, e, f., sand, beach, arena.

bos, rescued at sea bydolphins. se, F., wheat-ear, harvest. aritiido, inis, F., dryness, drought. arma, orum, N., arms, dejensive
arista,
iveapons, tools, tackle.

arenarius,

a,

um, of sand;

M.,

gJadiator ; F., sand-pit. arenatus (-osus), a, um, sandy.

arens, tis, parched, thirsty. areo, ui, 2, to be dry, parched.

armamaxa, ae, F., covered chariof. armamenta, orum, N., tools, tackle. armamentarium, i, m., arsenal,
dock-yard.

Areopagus

Mars' Hill, the supreme court of Athens.

(os),
i,

armarium,
armatiira,

i,

N., chest, closet.

ae, F.,

equipment, troops.

aresco, arui, 3, cjrow dry. Arethiisa, ae, f., a fountain near Syracuse, fabled to flow under the sea from EHs to Sicily.

armatus, a, um, armed, equipped. armatus, us, m., equipment. Armenia, se, Armenia. Armenius, a, um, Armenian.

armentalis
armentalis,
e,

asinus.

13

of
i,

the herd.

armentarius,

M.,

armentum, i,
armifer, fera,

n.,

herdsman. herd of cattle, &c.

hearing arms. armor-bearer,
armlet.

um,

armiger, geri,
armilla,

m.,

com/)(inlo)i-in-arms.
ae, f., hracelet,

artificium, i, n., trade, skill, trick. artitus, a, um, [ars,] skilled. f artopta, ae, f., baking-pan. (arctus), close, scant. artus, a, artus, lis, u., joint, limb. arundifer, fera, um, reed-bearing.

um

armillum, i, N., wine-vessel. armipotens, tis, miyhty in hattle. armisonus, a, um, resounding with
arms.

arundineus, a, um, reedy. arundo, inis, F., reed, rod, shaft. Aruns, tis, Etruscan name of younger sons. aruspex, icis, m., a diviner (from
entrails), soothsayer.

armo, i, to arm, equip, call to arms. Armoricus, a, um, of the coast district of N. W. Gaul. armus, i, M., shoulder (of beast).
aro,
I, to

arvalis,

e,

of thefeld.
;

arvina, ae, F.,fat, tallow. arvus, a, um, ploughed (not sown)

plough,
i,

till,

cultivate.

f aroma,

atis, n., splce.

Arpinum,
Arpinus,

birthpl. of
a,

a town in Latium, Marius and Cicero.

N., field, 2)loughed land. arx, arcis, F., tower, citadel, height. as, assis, m., unit of weight or coin ( 84), consisting of 1 2 parts
1 (

um, o/zlryj/, (ApuHa). um, arched, bent. arquus=arcus, how. arrectus, a, um, steep, attentive.
arquatus,
a,

L)^

( -l ),

uncia sextans
;

7 8
;

( ( (
(

^^),

septunx
bessis

), ),

3(1), quadrans 4(1), triens

5(1^)?

9 o

|),

arrepo, psi, pt-, creep toward. arreptus, [arripio,] seized. Arretium, i, N., a town of Etruria.
arrha,
ae, f.,

quincunx;
semissis
;

1 1

{\^),

dodrans dextans deunx.

6(1
a

(-abo, onis, m.), pledge,

originally as coin, worth afterwards about a cent.

),

12 as,

pound of copper

imwn.
ar-rideo, 2, to smile upon, please. arrigo, rexi, rect-, 3, uplift, rouse.
arripio, ui, rept-, 3, attack, snatch,
seize,

Ascanius, myth. son of yEneas. ascendo di, sum, 3, [scando,] to

climh, mount, ascend.

ascensio, onis,
ascia, ae, ascio, 4,
f.,

f.,-us, iis, m., ascent.

drag

into court.

arrisor onis, ^.,Jiatterer. arrodo, si, sum, 3, gnaw, nihhle. arrogans, tis, haughty. arroganter, haughtily. arrogantia, ae, f., haughtiness. arrogatio, onis, f., adoption. arrogo, i, to question, claim. arrosus, a, um, nibhled.
ars, artis, F.,
sJdll, art,

axe, hoe, mattock. to summon, admit.

ivi, it-, 3, callfor, hring in,

ascisco,

receive, adopt, approve.

Ascra,

ae, a town in Boeotia, birthplace of Hesiod (Ascraeus). ascribo, psi, pt-, 3, write in, enrol,

impute, ascribe, assign.

science,habit.

ascriptivus, a, um, supernumerary. ascriptor, oris, M., suhscriher.

asellus,
i,

arsus,

a,

um, [ardeo,]
closely.

hurnt.

M., asella, ae, f., donkey.

;

arte (arcte),

articulate, distinctly. articulatim, joint hy joint. articulatus, a, um, jointed. articulo, i, to connect by joints,

articulosus,
articulus,
artifex,
i,

a, um, knotiy. m., knot,joint, division. icis, m., artist, builder

Asia, ae, F. (originally a town of Lydia) Asia'; generally, Asia Minor, the large peninsula S. of the Black Sea. Asiaticus, i, surname of L. Scipio, conqueror of Antiochus, b.c. 190.
asilus,
i,

M., gad-Jiy.

(as adj.), skilled.

asinarius, (-inus), a, asinus, i, m. ; asina,

um, of
se, f.,

asses.
ass.

an

14
Asius,
f
a,

Asius

assus.
oris, m,,

um, of
i,

Asia, Asiatic.

assertor,

deliverer,

prO'

asotus,

M.,
i,

a riolous j)erson.
m., asparatjus.

tecior, claimant.

fasparagus,

aspecto, I, behold, look ai, attend. aspectus, [aspicio,] helield. aspectus, lis, ai., aspect, vieiv.
aspello, 3, asper, era,
ex/)el, drire.

asservio, 4, render service. asservo, i io j)reserve.

,

assessio, onis,

f., sitting

near.

assessor, oris, n., asseveratio, onis,

tion, ai/irmation.
,

assistant.
f.,

earnest asser-

um,

Iiarsh,

rough, cruel.

aspere, rtmijhlij^ hurshhj. aspergo, si, sum, 3, hesprinkle. aspergo, inis, f., a sprinkling.
f., rom/hness, harshsharpness, cruelty. aspernatio, onis, f., contempt.
7ie.ss,

assevero, i assert, affirm, prove. assicco, I, to dry, harden. assideo, sedi, sess-, 2, sit near,
asslsf,

asperitas, atis,

resemble, hesiege.

aspernor, i, cast ojf, slight, despise. aspero, i, roughen, sharpen, enrage. aspersio, onis, f., sprinkling.
t

assido, sedi, 3, to sit near, or settle upon. assidue, (-uo), consfantly. assiduitas, atis, f., constant presence, repefiiion.
j

asphodelus,

i,

m., asjyhodel (lily).

assiduus,
ting
;

a,
;

um,

constant, unremit-

aspicio, exi, ect-, 3, vieic, hehold, consider, examine, get sight of. aspiratio, ouis, f., hreathing. aspiro, i, hreathe on, approach. f aspis, idis, f., asj), viper, shield. asporto, I, carry aivay, convey. aspretum, i, n., a hrainbly place. assa, orum. n., sweating-room. Assaracus, i, one of the sons of Tros, myth. founder of Troy. assarius, a, um, roasted.

rich

U., tribute-payer,\jas'\.

assignatio, onis, f., allotment. assigno, i, assign, appoint, impute. assilio, ui, sult-, 4, leap upon.
assimilis,
e,

rery

like.

assimulatio, onis, F.,feigning. assimulatus, a, um, like, feigned. assimulo (ilo), \ preiend, compare,
,

reprcsent, assume, feign, copy. assis=as, unit of coin, weight, &c.

assatura, ae, roasting. asseca, se, c, hanger-on, follower. assectator, oris, m., attendant. assector, i, attend, ivait on, get. assensio, onis, f. -sus, iis, m.,
;

assenf, approval, agreement.

assisto, stiti, 3, stand near, assist. assitus, a, um, [sero,] sef near. asso, I, fo roast, hroil, scorch. associo, I, to join, add, unite. assoleo, 2, to he usuai or accustomed. assono, i, resound, sound forth. assue-facio, 3, to accustom.

assentatio, onis, F., flattery, assent. assentator, oris, ^.,Jiatterer. assentio, si, sum, 4, to assent, approve.

assuesco, evi,

et-, get ivonted.

assuetiido, inis, F., custom, hahit. assuetus, a, um, accnstomed, usual. assula, ee, f., door, chip, splinter.

assentior, 4, sens-, agree, assent. assentor, i,flatter, comply. assequor, ciitus, 3, follow close, orcrtake, attain, comprehend. asser, eris, m., pole, joist, stake.

assulatim

(-ose), piecemeal.

assultim, by leaps. assulto, I, to leap upon, assault. assultus, iis, M., onsef.

assum (adsum),

fo

he at hand, at-

asserculus,
broonistick.

i,

m.,

(um,

n.), stake,

fend, 2^votect, appear, apiwoach.

assero, evi, it-, 3, to plant near. assero, ui, ert-, 3, assert, afjirm,
claim, lay hold, liherate, prolect.

as-sumo, 3, tfd^-e, assume, choose. assumptio, onis, F.. receiving. assumptivus, a, um', exlrinsic.
assuo, 3, sew upon. assurgo, exi, ect- 3, rise up, mount. assus, a, um, roasted, dry.
;

assertio, onis, freedom.

f.,
^

declaration

of

Assyria
Assyria, ae, f., district of Asia, eastward oi" the upper Tigris. Assyrius, a, um, Assyrkm. ast=at, buL
t aster, eris, m., s-ui; starwort.

attero.

15

f athla. orum, n., struggles, sorrows. f athleta, se, m., ivrestter. Athos, o, on, M., a stormy prom-

asterno, strat-, 3, spread upon. f asticus, a, um, o/ the clty. astipulor, i, eiujaye, agree. astituo ui, iit-, 3, to set near. asto, stiti, I, stand near or erect. Astraea, ae, goddess of Justice, who forsook earth for heaven. astratus, [asterno,] spread. astrepo, 3, be iioisy, roar, shout.
astrictus, a, um, chse, brief, tight. astringo, inxi, ict-, tie, hind close. f astrologus, i, m., astronomer. astructio, ouis, F., piling-on, building.

ontory o; Macedonia. Atlantiades, ae, iMercury. Atlantiades (-tides), the Pleiades and Hyades, daughters of Atlas. Atlas, antis, a Titan, son of Japetos, changed to a mountain (in N. Africa) by Perseus.
f

atomus, a, um, indivisihle. atque (ac), and, as, than.

yet, indeed.

atqui, bui

atramentum, i, n., ink, hlack atratus, a, um, in mourning.

Atreus,
f.

dye.

ei,

myth. son of Pelops,

of

Agamemnonand Menelaus.
n., [ater,] hall, court.
f.,

atriensis, is, m., house-steward. atritas, atis, f., hlackness.

f
f

astrum,

i,

n., siar, constellation.

atrium,

i,

astruo, xi,

ct-, 3, hiiild near,

add.

atrocitas, atis,

savageness, hor~

astu (asty), N., city. astupeo, ui, 2, iconder

ror, sevcrily, harshness.

at.

astur, uris, M., a kind of haick. asturco, onis, m., Spanish nag. astus, a, um, crafy. astus, rLs, M. -tii,-tia, ae, F., craft. astute, cunningly. astutia, ae, f,, dexterity, craft.
;

atrociter, cruelly, jiercely. Atropos, i, F., one oif the Fates. atrox, ocis, ferce, stern, cruel. attactvis [attingo,] iouched. attactus, iis, m., touch. -gena, ae, f., attagen, enis, m.
;

snipe, ivoodcock.
a, um, of Attalus, or Pergamus gorgeous. Attalus, name of three' kings of Pergamus, allies of the Romans,

astiitus, a,

um,

crafty, exjiert.

attalicus,

Astyanax,
f

asylum, i, f asymboluS;

actis, soii of Hector. refuge, sanctuary.

a,

um,
tlie

scot-fee.

at, but, but yet, 011

ofher hand.

atabulus, i, M, a hot wind, Sirocco. Atalanta, se, myth. princess of

Boeotia,

reigning B.c. 241-197; 13B; 138-133-

159-

famous

for

speed in

running. atat! exclam. of pain or wonder.

atavus,
in

i,

m., ancestor (^th deg.).

a,

atellanus,

um,

(of Atella, a

town

Campania.) farcical. ater, tra, trum, black, dark, gloomy. Athamas, antis, myth. k. oif Thessaly, son of ^Eolus. Athenae, arum, f., Athens, capital
of Attica, made a repub. b.c. 510. Athenseum, i, n., temple of Min-

attamen, but yet. attamino, i, to rob, dishonor. attat !=atat attegiae, arum, f., huts. attemperate, opportunely. attempero, i, toft, adjust. attendo, di, tum, 3, stretch, apply,
give heed, strive, bend, strain.

attente,
try.

diligently.
i,

attento (tempto),

attempt, attack,

erva at Athens. Atheniensis, e, Athenian. f atheosy i^ u.,' atheist.

attentus, a, um, heedful, attentive. attenuatus, a, um, thin, weak. attenuo, i, to make thin, lessen. attero, trivi, trit-, 3, rub upon, ivear away, destroy, weaken, exhaust.

16
attestor,
i,

attestor
testify,

aulula.
auctus,
iis,

prove.

m., growth, increase.

i,

attexo,

ui,

tum,

3, loeave

upon.

aucupium,
ganie.

n.,

hird-catching,

f atthis, idis, f., (of Attica), night-

ingale or swallow.

aucupor,
in E.

i,

icatch, hunt, catch.

Attica,

ae, f., dist.

Greece.

attice, elegantly.

audacia, sb, f., holdness, daring. audacter, -citer, fearlessly, boldly.

atticus, a, attinae, a,

um, um,

elegant, superior.
f.,

audax,
fdent,

houndary-stones.

acis, hold, audacious, conviolent, rash.

tis,

attiiieo, ui, tent-, 2, liold to, belong, detain, reach to, he ofmonient.

audens,

courageous, hrave.

attingo, tigi, tact-, [tango,] touch upon, lie near, reach, seize. attollo, 3, uplift, elevate, enlarge. attondeo, di, tons-, 2, shave close, clip, prune, nihhle. attonite, franiically. attonitus, a, um, thunderstruck, aniazed, stunned, terrified.

audentia, ae, f., courage, hravery. audeo, ausus, 2, to dare, venture. audiens, tis, ohedient ; M., listener. audientia, m, f., hearing, attention. audio, 4, hear, understand, listen, ohey, he spoken of (well or ill).
.

auditio, onis, f., hearing, hearsay. auditor, oris, M., hearer.

auditorium,

i,

n., audience-hall.

attono, ui, it-, astonish, stupefy. attorqueo, 2, hurl upward. attraho, traxi, tract-, 3, draw, drag,
attract, contract.

aufero, abstuli, ablat-, bear away, witlidraw, remove, ohtain. aufugio, fugi, 3, flee away.

augeo, xi, ct-,

handle, approexalt, enrich,

2, to increase,

enlarge,

attrecto,
priate.

i,

to touch,

honor

ivith gifts.

augesco,
ui, ut-, 3, impute, assign,

3, gi^ow,

increase.
i,

attribuo,

augmen,

inis; -tum,

n., growth.

hestow, add.

attribiitio, onis, f., assignment.

attribiitum,
hute.

i,

n.,

hill,

draft, attri-

attritus, [tero,] ivorn, rvasted. attritus, us, m., a ruh, hruise. attuli, [affero,] hrought. Atys (Attys), yos, myth. k. of Lydia,

augur, uris, M., augur, diviner auguralis, e, respecting augury. auguratio, onis, F., divination. augurato, having inspected the oniens, ivith consent of the gods. auguratus, ee, M., office ofaugur. augurium, i, n., augury, interpreting of omens, prophecy. auguro, I, consult, forehode. auguror, i, to prophesy, forebode,
divine (by flight of birds).

son of Hercules and

;

Om-

phale, queen of Lydia. auceps, cupis, c. [avis capio,]

bird-cafcher.

auctifer, era, auctio, onis,

fruit-bearing. auction. auctionor, i, sell hy auction. aucto, (-ito), I, [augeo,] to increase.

VLto.,

f., increase,

auguste, reverentiy. augustus, a, um, majestic, august, an Imperial title f., a princess of the emperor's house. Augustalis, c, (-anus, a, um), of
;

auctor, oris, m., author, adviser, founder, model, advocate.

Augustus.

auctoramentum, i,
auctoritas, atis,
f.,

n.,

bounty,pay.
in-

authority,

Augustus, i, Octavius Caesar, adopted son of Julius, emperor from B.c. 31, to A.D. 14.
aula,
36, (ai), F., hall, court.
i,

fiuence, advice, diqnity, iveight. auctoro, i, hind, pledge, hire.

aulgeum,
aulicus,

n., curtain,

auctumnalis,

e,

of autumn.

a,

um,
i,

canopy. ofthe court, princely.

M.,

auctumno,

i,

hring on harvest.

fauloedus,

minstrel
little

(who

m., [augeo,] aw^wmn. auctus, [augeo,] great, rich, ample.

auctumnus,i,

sings to the flute). aulula, a, f., [olla,] a

pot.

aura
aura, se
(ai), f., air,

avius.
ausus, [audeo,] having dared;

17
n.,

breeze, breatJi,

vapor, (jleam.

aurarius,
smith
:

a,

um, of gold; um,

gilt,

m., gold-

., gold-miiie.

auratus,

a,

gold-colored,

gold-clad.

Aurelius,
aureus,

i, Emperor of reigned, a.d. 161-180.

Rome,
golden,

adventure, enterprise. aut, either, or, or else. autem, Jxit, however, besides. f authepsa, ae, f., stew-pan. author (autor),=auctor, advker. I automatus, a, um, selfmoving.

autumnus=auctumnus,
autumo,
I,

autumn.

(-olus),

a,

um,

bright: m., a gold coin.

affirm, assent, assert. auxiliaris, e, giving aid, auxiliary.

auricomus,
leaved.

a,

um,

gold-haired or

auxiliarius, a, um, for aid. auxilior, i, to aid, help, relieve.

auricula,

aurifer, fera,

kip of the ear. gold-hearing. aurifex, ficis, m., goldsmith. aurifodina, ae, f., gold-mine.
33, F.,

um,

auxilium, i, n., aid, assistance ; pl. auxUiary troops, military force.

auxim, (pf subj. of augeo), avare, eagerly, greedily.

avaritia,
as, F.,

^/fow.

auriga, ae, m., charioteer, driver, groom, jnlot. aurigo, i, to drive, steer, guide. auris, is, f., ear ; mould-board (of
ploiigh).

avarice, greed.

avarus, a, um, greedy, covetous. ave, hail, farewell.

auritus, auro, I,

long-eared. to cover icitlt gold.

a, ge, f.,

um,

aveho, xi, ct-, carry off. avello, velli (vulsi), vuls-, away, pluck out or apart.
avena,
ae, f., oats,
i,

3,

rend

straw-pipe.

aurora,

dawn, inorning, East.

Aventinus,

m.,

hill in

the S.-

aurugo,

inis, F., jaundice.

S. Italy.

W.
aveo, aveo,

of
2,

Rome.
be fortunate or blest.

aurum, i, n., gold. Aurunci, orum, people of

2, to desire, covet.

auscultatio, onis, f., hearkening. auscultator, onis, m. listener. ausculto, I, hearken, listen, obey. ausim, [audeo,] dare. Ausones (-ii), people of Ausonia. Ausonia, ae, n., ancient name of central and lower Italy. auspex, icis, c, diviner (by birds) guide, patron or ijrotector. auspicato, having taken the auspices. auspicatus, a, um, fortunate, au;

Avernus,

i, M., a lake at the entrance to the world below. a-verro, 3, sweep away. averrunco, i, avert, remove. aversio, onis, f. turning away. aversor, i, to turn aloof hate, scorn. aversor, oris, m., purloiner.

aversus,
hostile,

a,

um,

backivard, remote,

estravged.

averto,

ti,

sum,

3,

turn aside, avert,

ivithdraw, embezzJe, estrange.

spicious, consecrated.

auspicium, auspico, I,
auspicor,
i
,

i,

n.,

toke?i,

omen.

to

take auspices.

omens (by birds), take the auspices, begin, enter upon. auster, tri, m., south wind, south.
tvatch

avia, ae, f., grandmother. avia, orum, pathless places. aviarius, i, M., bird-catcher ; -um, i, N., bird-cage, resort ofbirds.

avide, eagerly, greedily. aviditas, atis, f., greediness, eager

desire, avarice.

austere, rigidh/, sternly. austeritas, atis, F.,

rigor.

harshness,

avidus,
avis,

a,

um,

greedy,

covetous,

longing, hungry, insatiable.

a,

austerus,

um,
;

harsh, tart, severe,

is, F.,

bird,jdying thing, omen.

sad, glooiny.

avitus,

a,

um, [avus,]

ancestral,

austraiis, e
south.

-trinus, a,

um, of

the

ancient.

avius,

a,

um, pathless,

remote.

18
avocatio, onis,
diversion.
F.,

avocatio
calling away,

baris.

Baiag, the

arum,

Bay

avoob,

I, call ojf, withdraw, recall. a-volo, ijjiy ojf, liaste away. avulsio, onis, f., plucking off. avulsus, [avello,] torn away, avunculus, i, m., uncle (by moth-

bajulo, i, bajulus, i, M., porter, hearer. balaena, ae, f., whale.

f., a coast-town on of Naples. to carry a hurden.

er's side).
i, N., grandfather, ancestor; pater, 2 avus, 3 proavus, 4 abavus, 5 atavus, 6 tritavus). axicia, se, f., scisso7\^.

i, m., acorn, chestnut, halsam-nut. balatro, onis, m., jester, huffoon.

fbalanus,

avus,
(i

axilla, ee, F., arm-pit.

balatus, iis, m., hleating. balbus, a, um, Usping, stammering. balbutio, 4, to lisp, stammer. Baleares, ium, f., a group of small islands E. of Spain.

axis,

is,

M.,

axle,

axis, sky, pole,

balineum=balneum,

hath.

north, a hoard or plank.

axungia,

ae, F.,

wheel-grease.

baliolus=badius, taivny. ballista, ee, f., an engine

;

f azymus, a,

um,

unleavened.

like a cross-bow, for hurling stones, &c., in a siege hattery.

ballux=balux, gold-dust. balnearius, a, um, of the

pl.

hath

N.

hath-room.
m., hath-keeper.
pl.
i,

babylo, onis,
hroker.

m.,

money-changer,

balneator, oris,

balneum,
hath.

n.

se,

arum,

f.,

Babylon,

onis, f., ancient capital the East, on the Euphrates.

ae, F.,

balo,

I,

to hleat.
i,

Babylonia,
Babylon.

the province of

balsamum,

n.,
i,

halsam.
m., helt, sword-helt,

balteus (um),
;

Babylonicus, (-us), a, um; -ensis, e, Buhylonian -ca, orum, embroidered tapestry.

edge, girdle, zone.

bacca, se, f., herry, fruit, pearl. baccar, aris, n., valerian, wild
nard.

baccatus, a, um, set with pearl. baccha, se, priestess of Bacchus. Bacchanal, alis, n., a place sacrecl to Bacchus pl. festival of B. bacchatio, onis, f., dehauch. bacchicus (-eus), a, um, of Bac;

balux, iicis, f., gold-dust. f baptisterium, i, n., plunge-hath. f barathrum, i, n., gulf pit, ahyss. barba, ae, f., heard. barbare, outlandishly, rudely. barbaria, ae; -es, ei, F., a foreign

barbaricus,
haric.

counfry, harharism, savageness. hara, um, foreign,

a,

barbarus,

um,
a,

foreign, strange, with

thin

ivild, cruel.

chus.

barbatvilus,
i, to

um,

or

bacchor,

revel, riot,

go ahout

slight heard.

BacchanaHa. god of Wine (Liber), son of Jupiter and Semele. baccifer, era, um, hearing herries.
wildly, as in the
i,

barbatus,
ioned.

a,

um,
i.,

hearded, old-fashD., lute, lyre.

Bacchus,

barbitos, (on),

bacillum,

baculum,
badius, fbadizo,
Baetis,

n., a little staff n., staff, stick. a, um, hroivn, hay.

i,

wand.

Barcas, ae, m., the family name of Hannibal. barditus, i, m., office of hard.

i, to

go, ivalk.

bardocucuUus, i, m., hoodedcloak. bardus, a, um, heavy, sloiv.

bardus,
i,

is, m., the

;

Guadalquiver, in

m., hard, minstrel.

Spain

-ica, ae, the dist. near.

f oaris, idos, f., hier, harge.

baro
baro, onis, m., hlockhead.
barrio,
4, to crij
i,

bidens.
bellum,
bellus,
i,

19
n., loar, battle.

or roar ; from
lasket or hasin. completebj. princehj, royal;

a,

um,

pretty,

elegant, fine,

barras,

m., eiephant.
ae, f.,
roi/allij,

costly, cigorous.

bascauda,
f basilice,
F.,

belua,

ee, heast,

monster, hrute.

beluosus,
heasts.

a,

um,
m.,

ahounding

in

f basilicus, a,

um,

a building used as court-house exchange. basio, I, to kiss.

aiid

Benacus, i, N. Italy.

Lake Garda
icell,

in

bene

(melius, optime),

hon-

fbasis,

is,

f.,

hase,

foundation,

orahiy, pleasantly.

pedesfal.

benedico,
N.,

basium,

i,

kiss. title

benedictum,
benefacio,

2d, ct-, 3, hless, praise. commendation. i, N.,

bassareus, ei, m., (foxskin) a of Bacchus.

b?.3tsrna,
se, f., litter,
a,

feci, fact-, 3, to henefil.

henefit.

benefactum, i, ^.,gooddeed,

Batavus,

batillum, i, batiola, ee,

palanquin. um, of Holland. N., fre-pan, shovel.

beneficiarii, privileged troops (exempt from severer service)

beneficium,
privilege.

i,

n.,

favor, kind act

f., (johlet.

batuo, ui, 3, to heat, fence. baubor, i, to hark, whine. baxea, ae, f., wooden shoe,
beate, happibj. beatitas, atis; tiido, inis,
piness, prosperity.

clog.

beneficus, a, um (-ficentior, -tis[friendly. simus), liheral, kind. bene-(beni-)volens, tis; -volus,

F.,

hap-

benevolentia, ae, f., good-will. benigne, kindly, indulgently.

benignitas, atis,
F.,

hounty, kind-

beatus,
rich,

a,

um, happy,

fortunate,

ness, indulgence.

B3bryx,

ahundant, magnificent. ycis, Behrycian (of Asia Minor) a myth. king, vanquished by Pollux in boxing. Belgae, arum, people of Belgium.
;

benignus,
hountiful.

a,

um,

kind, indulgent,

bellaria, orum, N., dainties (fruit, nuts, &c.).

bellator, oris, m.
ivarrior
;

-trix, icis, f.,

beo, i,to hless,makehappy,refresh. Berecyntius, a, um, 0/ Cyhele. Berecyntus, i, m., a mt. in Phrygia, sacred to Cybele. beryllus, i, m., heryl. bes, bessis, m., 8 ounces (f of as).
bestia, ae, f., heast. bestiarius, i, m., one who fights with wild beasts in the arena.

adj., warlike.

belle, prettily, finely.

Bellerophon,
Glaucus,
belli,
I

tis,

myth.

son of
Chi3).

who slew
um,

the

beto,

3, to

go.

maera, riding

upon Pegasus. ahroad (in the war 55, lii.,

a,

betula

(-lla), ae, f., hirch.

bellicosus, for war. bellicus, a,

warlike, eager

um, helonging to war, warlike (Mars) ; N., hattle-signal, belliger, era, um, ivaging war. belligero, i, to wage loar.
bellipotens, tis, mighty in war. bello (or), i, to make war,fight. Bellona, ae, goddess of War. Belus, i, myth. founder of Babylon. bellua, ae, f. (belua), hrute. bellulus, a, um, pretty.

f bibliopola, se, m., hookseller. lihrary. f bibliotheca, ae, f (paper plant). f biblus, i, F.,papyrus bibo, bibi, bibit-, 3, to drink.

bibulus,

a,

um,

thirsty,

ahsorhing

7noisture.

biceps, cipitis, two-headed, in two

parts.

bicolor, oris, two-colored. bicornis, e, two-horned, pronged. bidens tis, having two teeth; M., garden-fork ; ., a sheep 2 years old, or with two front teeth.

20
bidental,
(forked)

bidental
alis, struck luith U(jhtiiuig
;

bracatus.
blandior, 4, toflatter, caress, allure. blanditer, gently, siceetly. blanditia, ae; es, ei, Jlattenj, fondling, delight.

biduum,

i,

a consecrated place. n., space of tico daijs.

i,

biennium,
bifer, fera,

n., two years.

tico sides,

bifariam, on
bifidus,
biforis,
a,
e,

double.

blandus,
blatero, i blatta, ae, blattaria,

a,

um,

gentle,

courteous,

um, um,

douhle-yielding.
cleft,

caressing, idluring.

having
e,

biformis,

forked. openings. double-shaped.

tico

bifrons, tis, tico-faced. bifurcus, a, wxa., forked.

bigae,

blatio, 4, prate, babble. moth, cockroach. ae, F., moth-mullein. blennus, i, m., sorry fellotc, doli. bliteus, a, um, 7nean, foolish.
;

f.,

arum,
a,

f., teani

of

tico horses.

bigatus,

um, stamped withfgure

of bigae. bijugis, e -us, a, um, yoked, coupled.

;

bilibris, e, f.,

oftwopounds^ weight.

blitum, i, N., spinage. boa, ae, f,, icater-snake, measles. boarius, a, um, of oxen or cattle. Bocclius, i, king of Mauritania (North Africa), father-in-law of
Jugurtha. Bceotia, ae, f., district of central Greece, N. W. of Attica.
boiae,

bilinguis,

e,

bilis, is, F.,

double-tongued. bile, gall, wrath.

bilix, icis, twilled.

bilustris,

e,

of

ten years.

arum,

f., collar.

between two seas. bimatus, us, m., two years. bimembris, e, having douhle limbs (as centaurs). bimestris, e, of two months. bimus, a, um, two years old. bini, ae, a, two and two, by twos.
e,

bimaris,

boletus, i, N,, musliroom. f bolus, i, M., cast (with dice), (/am,

profit, hait.

bombilo, i, to hum or buzz. bombilus, i, ai., hum, buzz.

bombycinus,

a,

um, of

silk.

bombyx,

ycis, d. silk-worm,

silk,

bipalium, bipalmis,

i,

n., mattock, pick.

fi)ie cotton.

e, tivo spans long. bipartito, in two divisions. bipatens, tis, opening hoth ways. bipedalis, e, twofeet long or thick. bipennis, is, i, f., battle-axe (twoedged). bipes, edis, two-footed.

Dea, ae, goddess of female honor, worshipped by women. bonitas, atis, f., goodness, kindness. Bononia, ae, Bologna, in N. Italy. (melior, optimus), bonus, a,

Bona

um

good, kind,fit, prosperous, virtuous ; N, ph riches, goods.

biremis, is, of oars).

bis,
tirice.

f., ship

(of

two banks

boo, I, to roar, bellow. bootes, ae (is), m., a constellation. boreas, ae, m., north-wind, north.

bisseni, ticelve (each). bisulcilingua, ae, c, hypocrite. bisulcus, a, um, cloven, furrowed, forked. Bithynia, ae, f,, prov. in N. W.

Borysthenes,
bos, bovis,
(

is, m., tlie Dnieper. 11, iiL, 4), ox, cow.

Bosporus, i, m,, the strait from the Black Sea to the Propontis.
botellus (-ulus), i, m., sausage. f botrus, i, M., cluster of grapes.
f botryo onis, m., raisins. bovile, (bubile), is, n., cattle-stalL

Asia Minor.
bitiimen, inis, n., bitumen, coal-tar. bivius, a, um, having two icays or
pass(tges.

blaesus,

a,

um,

lisping,

stammering.

blande, sofdy, kindly.

blandimentum,
Jiattery,

i,

n.,

blandishment,

bovinor, i, to hrawl, revile. brabyla, orum, m., damsons. bracae, arum, breeches, trowsers. bracatus, a, um, having trowsers,
foreign, effeminate.

charm.

brachialis
brachialis,
le(,

Byzantium.
buccea, ae, f., mouthful. buccina, ae, f. (bxicina),
horn.

21

e, oftlie

arm;

n., hrace-

armlet.
i,

irumpet,

brachium,

N.,

arm

(fore-arm),

hranch, sail-yard.

bractea, ae, f., golcl-leaf, tinsel. branchise, arum, f., (jills. brassica, se, F., cahhage. Brennus, i, chief of the Gauls, who captured Rome, B.c. 389.

buccinator, oris, m., trumpeter. buccino, i, sound the trumpet. bucco, onis, m,, hig-mouth, hlockhead.

buccula,
biicerus,

33,

F.,

cheek, face-guard

(of helmet.)
a,
i,

breve

(i),

shortbj,

infew

tvords,

um,

ox-horned.

brevia, ium, N., shallows. breviarius, a, um, ahridged. brevio, i, to ahridge. brevis, e, short, small, hrief shoal. brevitas, atis, f., shortness, conciseness.

biicetum,

n., coic-pasture.

bucina (buccina), ae, f., trumpet. pertaining to f biicolicus, a, um,

herdsmen.

bucula,

ae, f., heifer.

breviter, brevius, -issime, shortly. Briareus, ei, a hundred-handed Giant, who defended Olympus. Brigantes, um, people of N. Britain, Yorkshire, Cumberland, &c. brisa, se, F., grape-pomace. Britannia, ee, F., Britain;adj.,-nus Brixia, ae, f., Brescia, in N. Italy.

biiculus, i, m., steer, young ox. biifo, onis, m., toad.

bulbus,

i,

m., hulh, onion.

f biile, es, f., senate, council. f buleuta, se, m., councillor.

t>ulga, ae, f., knapsack.

f biilimuB,i, M,
;

ia, ae,F.,

voracious

hunger,faintness.

buUa, ee, F.,

huhhle, stud, hall (child's

brochus,
f

a,
i,

um, projecting.
m., oats,fodder.

ornament),

bromos,

f brontia, ee, f., thunderstorm. iDriima, se, F.,frost, winter (solstice). briimalis, e, winiry, of winter. Brundisium, i, N., a seaport in
S. E. Italy, nearest

buUatus, a, um, having the hulla. buUo, I io, 4, to hoil, huhhle.

;

biimastus,
grape.
biira, se
;

i,

M.,

a large-clustered
i,

-is,

im,

F., plough-tail.

Greece.

brutiarii, a class of menials. Bruttii, orum, people of the extreme S. of Italy, near Sicily. briitus, N., dull, hrutish.

purse. Busiris, idis, myth. k. of Egypt,

bursa,

ae, F., ox-hide,

Brutus, L. Junius, a founder of the Roman Republic, B.C. 509 Marcus, friend of Cicero, a
;

conspirator against Caesar, at Phihppi, B.c. 42.

d.

slain by Hercules. bustirapus, i, M., hodij-snatcher. bustuarius, a, um, of tomhs or funered piles. bustum, i, M., hurial mound, tomh, place of burning dead bodies. buteo, onis, m., haivk,f(dcon.

bryonia,

ae, F.,

htnony (wild vine).

biityrum (butyr), i, n., hufter. buxeus, a, um, of hox-wood.

biibalus, i, M., gazelle. bubile, is, n., cattle-stall. biibo, onis, M., horned owl. biibulcito (tor), i, to keep oxen.

buxum,

us, i, f., hox-ivood, i, n. ; {pipe,fiute, top, comh, &c.). Byrsa, ae, the citadel of Carthage.

bubulcus, i, M., ploughman, herdsman. bubulo, I, hoot (hke an owl). bubulus, a, um, of cattle ; f. heef
biicaeda,
se,

byssinus, a, um, of fine cotton. fbyssus, i, v.,fnefiax, cotton. Byzantium, i, N., a Greek colony Constantinople, Capin Thrace ital of the Empire, a.d. 330.
;

bucca,

6, f.,

m., cow-hided fellow. cheek, hawler.

22

calamitosus.
caelamen,
inis, N.,

engraved work.

C. C, the prasnomen Caius, (Gaius) as numeral, loo. caballiiius, a, um, of the liorse. caballus, i, m., pack-horse, pony, nag. Cabiri, divinities worshipped in

caelator, oris, m., engraoer.

cselatiira, ae, embossed work. caelebs, ibis, unmarried.

caeles, itis

-estis, e, celestial, heav-

m., pl. the gods. Ccelibatus, iis, m., single

;

enly

life.

caelicola, ae, c, dweller in heaven. caelo, I, engrave, carve (in raised

Lemnos.
cacabus, i, M., kettle, pan. cachinnatio, onis, f., laughter. cachinno, i, to laugh aloud. cachinnus, i, m., laughter, derision.
cachla,
ease.
ae, F.,

caelum, caelum,

work), emhoss. i, n. pl. ;

i,

i,

m., sky, heaven.

stone.'

n., chisel.

caementum, i, n. hewn caena=cena, supper.

Caeneus,
ei,

may-weed, ox-eye.
is,

myth.

d.

of Elatus,

fcacoethes,
t cactos,
i,

f.,

ohstinate dis-

f., artichoke.

to a young man ; a hero at the battle of the Centaurs. caepa, se, f. ; -e, is, n., onion.

changed

cacula,

86, M., soldier^s hoy.

Caere,

is, n.,

a town of Etruria.
ae,

cacumen,

inis, n., top, peak, limit.

i,

cacutnino,

to

Cacu3, i, mytli. cadaver, eris, n., carcass, corpse. cadaverosus, a, um, corpse-like. cadivus, a, um, apt to fall. Cadmus, i, myth. founder of Thebes, brother of Europa. cado, cecidi, cas-, to fall, sink,
drop, decay, die, hefall, suit, fit. caduceator, oris, m., messenger

make pointed. son of Vulcan.

F., religious nVe, sacredness, awe. Caerites, (-etes), um, people of Caere, with partial rights as Roman citizens. caeruleus, a, um, hlue of the sky or sea dark of clouds or trees. Ccesar, C. Julius, the Dictator,
;

Cceremonia,

B.C. 100-44. caesariatus, a,

um,

covered with

hair, liaving long liair.

with flag of truce. caduceiis, i, M.,-um (n.), wand, herahVs staff. caducifer, i, staff-hearer, an epithet of Mercury. cadiicus, a, um, fallen, frail, ready tofall; N., a wlndfall.

caesaries,

ei, f.,

a head of hair.
hy cuts.

caesim,

ivith the edge,

caesio, onis,

f., cutting.

cadurcum,
f

i,

N., quilt, sheet.

cadus, i, M., /lask, jar (9 gallons). f caecias, ae, m., N. E. wind. caecilia, ae, f., hUnd-worm, lizard.
caecitas, atis, f., hlindness. caeco, to make hlind or dark.

caesius (-itius), a, um, hluish gray. caespes, itis, m., turf altar, hut, knoh, clump, field. caestus, iis, m. [caedo,] gauntlet (of hide and metal, for boxing). caesura, ae, f., cutting (see 79). caesus, [caedo,] cut.
;

caeter=ceter,
Caicus, Cajeta,
i,

other.
hut.

caeterum=ceterum,
m.,

Caecubum, i, n., town of S. Latium. caeculto, i, to he dim-sighted. caecus, a, um, hlind, dark, ohscure, gloomy, doubtful, vain. caedes, is, f., slaughter, massacre. caedo, cecidi, caes-, 3, cuf, strike,
kill.

a river of Mysia. ee, the nurse of ^neas. Calabria, ae, f., dist. of S. E. Italy. -trum, i, N., calamister, tri, m. crimping-iron, fiorid ornament. calamitas, atis, F., mischief disaster (to crops by hailstorm), ruin. calamitosus, a, um, wretched,
;

caeduus,

a,

um,

tliat

may

be cut.

calamus
j-calamus,
i,

camelopardalis.
Caligula,
ae, C, the third Emperor, a.d. 37-41.

23

M., reed, pen, straiv,

m.,
hasket,

Roman

coyu-siaik.

fcalathus
hoiii.

(-iscus),

i,

calator, oris, m., summoner, aitendant.

calix, icis, m., cup, chalice. callens, tis, skiUed, versed. calleo, ui, 2, he liard; or skilled, expxivienced.

hood, liead-veil. calcar, aris, N., [calx,] spur.

calautica,

ge, F.,

callide, cleverly, shjly. calliditas, atis, f., cunning, shreivdness, skill, aptness.

calcarius, a, um, of Ihne. calcator, aris, M., trampler.

calceamen, inis
shoe.

-mentum,

i,

N.,

callidus, a, um, cunning, skilful. Calliope, es, chief of the Muses, Poetry.
callis, is M., foot-path, cattle-track. callosus, a, um, hard, callous, thick-

calceo (io), i, to put on shoes. calceus (-olus), i, m., shoe (half'boot).

skinned.

Calchas, antis, a Greek seer in the siege of Troy.

calcitro, [calx,] i, to kick. calcitro, onis, m., hlusterer. calco, I, tread, trample, travel. calculo, I, reckon. calculo, onis, m., reckoner, teacher.

callus

i,

M.,

(um

N.)

hard

skin,

hardness, dulness.

calculosus, calculus, i,
vote,

a,

um,

M.,

pe6&/e,

pehhhj, f/ravelbj. gravel, a

calo, I, to call. calo, onis, m., camp-servant, drudge. calor, oris, m., heat, glow, zeal. Calpe, es, f., headland of Gibraltar, in Southern Spain. caltha, 86, F., marigold.

calthula,

ee, f., yelloiv rohe.

reckoning.
a,

calumnia,

ae, f.,

false accusaiion,

caldarius,

um,/or heatimj water;

F., N., hot-hath.

artifce, intrigue. calumniator, oris, m., peiiifogger,

caldor, oris, M., heat.

chicaner.

caldus=calidus, hot. Caledonia, se, f., Scotland (Highlancls).

calumnior,

i, to

accuse falsehj, at-

tack unfairhj, iorment one's self

-facto, cale-facio, (calfacio), 3 heated. I, to heat, vex; -fio, he

;

calumniSsus, a, um, tricky. calva (-aria), ae, F., skull, scalp. calveo 2, (-esco), 3, to he hald.
calvities,
ness.
ei, F.
;

calendaB=kalendce,

jirst

of

the

-ium,

i,

n., hald-

month. caleo, ui, 2, to glow, he hot, warm. Cales, ium, F., a town of Campania, north of Naples.

calvor,
calvus,

I, to

attack, intrigue, evade,

hcdd.

deceive.
a,

um,
F.,

calesco, 3, to grow ivarm. calfacio=calefacio, to heat.

caliculus, i, M., little cup, inkstand. calide, promptly. calidus, a, um, hot, ivarm, fiery,
eager, hasty.

calx, cis, calx, cis,

Ume, chalk, gocd.

heeL

D.,

Calydon, onis, f., a town of ^toha, famous for the boar slainby Meleager (Calydonius sus).
iis, myth. d. of Atlas. calyx, ycis, m., cup (of flower),

Calypso,
N.,

caliendrum,
caliga,

i,

a head-dress.

36, F., soldier's hoot.

shell.

caligatus, i, M., {hooted), a private. caliginosus, a, um, misty, ohscure. caligo, inis, F., mist,fog, darkness. caligo, i, tohe or make dark.
caligula,
ae, f., little-hoot.

Camarina,
Sicily.

ae, F.,

a city of S.

W.

cambio,

4, to

exchange, harter.

camella, ae, f., porringer, ivine-cup. is, f., giraffe. f camelopardalis,

24
fcamelus,
i,

camelus
.m, camel.

Capaneus.
canna, ae, f., cannabinus,
t

cane, reed.
a,

Camena,
camera,

ae, f,,

muse, song.
vaulted roof.

ae, f.,

Camers,

tis, of Camerium, a town of Umbria.

i,

um, ofhemp. cannabis, is, im, f., hemp. Cannae, arum, a town of ApuHa,
where the Romans were defeat-

camillus,
servant.

m., -a, ae, f., prlest^s

Camillus,M.Furius, the Dictator, who rescued Rome from the

Gauls, B.c. 389.

ed by Hannibal, B.c. 216 [pugna Cannensis]. cano, cecini, cant-, to sound, sing,
play, recite, blow (as signal).

caminus,

i,

m., forge, Jire-place.

ae, f.,

Campania,

the dist. of S.

fcanon, onis, m., rule, model. t canonicus, a, um, regular. Canopus, i, m., a coast town of

W. Italy, near Naples. Campanus (-icus), a, um, Campanian, of

f

Campania.
es, f.,
tris,

campe,

campester,
level; N.,

a crooked turn. tre, of tlie plain,

Lower Egypt. canor, oris, m., melody, clang. canorus, a, um, melodious, singsong. Cantabria, ae, f., coast-dist. of N.
Spain, on the Bay of Biscay. cantamen, inis, n charm, incantation.

a wreMler^s apron.
m,, plain,field, level sur-

campus,
face
;

i,

an open at Rome, outside the N. where elections were held. camurus, a, um, crooked.
canalis,
-a, ae,
is,
;

C. Martius,

field

wall,

cantatio, onis, F., music, song. cantator, oris, m. -trix, icis,

;

F.,

singer.

m. f. -liculus, i, m. F., channel, gutter, groove.

a,

canteriatus, a, um, underpropped. canterinus, a, um, of a horse. canterius, i, m., gelding (horse);
trellis,

canarius,

um, of

dogs.

lattice-work.
f.,

cancelli, orum, m., lattice, crossbars, raiUngs of court-house.

cantharis, idis,
fl!h

beetle,

Sjyanish

cancello, i, make crosswise. cancer, cri (ceris), m., crah. cande-facio, 3, (p. -fio), to make
while.

cantharus, canthus, i,

i,

M.,jug, tankard, pot.

n. (-tilena, ee;
F.),

m., wheel-tire.
i,

canticum,

song, ballad.
ae, f.,

candela,

candle, taper.

candelabrum, i, ., candlestick. candeo, ui, 2, (-esco, 3), be white,

gleam,
glitter, glisten.

candico, i, tobe ivhitish. candidatus, i, m., candidate (clad

in white).

canticus, a, um, musical. cantio, onis, F., singing, song. cantito, i, to sing often. Cantium, i, n., Kent, in S. E. Britain, the dist. nearest Gaul. canto, I, sing, chant, declaim, praise
in song, declare, enchant.

candidus,
candor,

gUstening white, c/ean, falr, sincere, open.

a,

um,

cantor, oris, M.

-trix, tricis, F.,

singer, poet, actor, eulogist.

oris, M.,

ivhiteness, purity,

splendor.

caneo, ui, 2, to he white or hoary. canesco, 3, grow hoary. cani, orum, m., gray hairs.
canicula, ee, f., caninus, a, um,
canis,
is, (g. pl.

cantiirio, 4, to sing, chirp. cantus, us, M., singing, plnying, song, prophecy, incantation. canus, a, um, gray, hoary.

canusina,
capacitas,
ness.

se,
i,

tvhelp, dog-star.
curri^^h, of a dog. um), c, dog.

Canusium,

n.,

.,fine-web garment. a town of ApuHa.

atis, f., capacity, large-

canistra
canities,

(-tella),
ei, f.,

orum,

n., hasket.

Capaneus,

hoariness, old age.

ei, a chief at Thebes, struck with hghtning by Jupiter.

capax
capax, acis, apt
of
to

cardo.

25

holdhif/, aptjjif,

seize, capabie capacious.

capedo,
capella,

inis, f., bowl, ciip.

ee, f., kid, she-goat.

ee, f., an Etrurian town. caper, pri, M., lie-goat. capero, i, to frown, wrinkle.

Capena,

capesso,
hand,

ivi, it-,

3, seize,

take in

caprinus, a, um, of goats. capripes, pedis, goat-footed, (satyr). capsa, 86, F., box, chest. capsamus, i, m., a slave who took charge of budgets. capsula, ae, F., band-box. captatio, onis, F., catchhig at. captator, oris, m., snatcher, legacyhunter.

laij Jiold, resort.

Caphareus,
Euboea. capillaceus,

ei, m.,

a promont. of
hair-like.

a,

um,
i,

capillamentum,

m., -atio,

onis

-atiira, ae, f., hair,Jihre.

capillaris, e, oftlie hair. capillatus, a um, hairy. capillor, i, to he hairi/.

captio, onis, F., catch, deceit, sojyhism, mischief captiosus, a, um, captious, crafty. captivitas, atis, f., captivity, capture, (of eyes) blindness. captivus, a, um, captured; M. F.,
lirisoner.

capto,

catcli at, strive after, allure.

capillosus,

a,

um, full of hair.

seize,

capillus, i, m., [caput,] hair. capio, cepi, capt-, 3, take,

captiira, ae, f., catching, prey, gain. captus, [capio,] taken. captus, iis, m., grasp, capacity,
handfull.

rob, ruin, select, receive, attain.

capis, idis, f., cup, can. capistro, i, to muzzle, halter. capistrum, i, m., halter, muzzle. capitalis, e, of the head, capital,
eminent, deadly. i, n., [capio,] boddice. capito, onis, m., biy-head. Capitolinus, a, um, of the Capitol.

Capua, ae, f., the chief town of Campania, 20 miles N. of Naples.

capularis,
e,

near the grave.

capulo, i, pour off; catch. capulus, i, M., um, i, N., coffn,

handle,
hilt.

capitium,

caput,
mit;

itis, N.,

of

rivers,

head, chief, top, sumthe source or

Capitolium, i, m., citadel, capitol, temple of Jupiter on the central

hill

mouth;

life.

Capys, yos, father of Anchises.

carabus,
i,

of

Rome.

capitulum, i, n., capital, little head. f capo, onis, m., a capon.

caracalla,

ae, F.,

M., crab, kayak (boat). Gallic mantle.

xxva.,

carbasus

(-eus), a,
;

flaxen.

Cappadocia,

ae, F.,

E. district of

carbasus, i, F,

pl. N,, a,
sail.

orum, Unen,

Asia Minor.
ocis, Cappadocian. capparis, is, im, m., caper.

canvas, curtain,

Cappadox,

carbo, onis, m., coal, charcoal. carbonarius, i, M., collier.

capra, ae, f,, she-goat. caprarius, i, m., goatherd. caprea, e, f., doe, icild goat. Capreae,the I. Cpn, near Naples. capreolus, i, m., huck, chamois
stay or prop, tendril.

carbunculus,
buncle.

i,

m., small coal, car-

carcer, eris, m,, dungeon, prison pL barriers (of race-course.

caroereus
prisoti.

(-arius),

a,

um, of a

capricornus,
stellation).

i,

m., the

Goat (con-

f Carchedonius, a, um, ofCarthage.

caprificus,
breed.

i,

f., tcildfig.

caprigenus,
caprile,

a,

um, of

the

goat

carchesium, i, n., cup, goblet. f carcinoma, atis, n., a foul ulcer. cardiacus, a, um, ofthe stomach.
cardinalis,
e, pivotal,

chief

is, n.,

caprimulgus,

goat-pen. i, m., goat-milker.

cardo,

inis, m., hinge, pivot, heam,

tenon, pole (of heavens).

26
carduelis,

carduelis
e, linnet, thistlejinch.

casula.
caryon, i, m., a nut. fcaryota, se, (-tis idis),
f
f., date.

carduus,

i,

m., thistle.

care, dear, at high cost. carectum, i, N., growth of sedge.

f

casa, ae, F., co/fage, tent. caseus, i, m. (um, n.), cheese.

casia,
ae, f., cinjianion.
i,

carenum,

i,

n, hoiled grape-juice.

careo,

ui, it- 2, to lacl; be without,

of.

devoid or deprived

Casilinum, Capua.

n.,

town near

carex,
Caria,
caries, carina,
pl.,

icis, f., sedge.

ae,

Casinum,
Asia
caso,
I

i,

n.,

a colony in Latium.
tumble.
the

S.

W.

district of

to reel,

Minor.

em,
ae,

e, F., rottenness,
F.,

decay.

keel,

ship,

nutshell;

a district in Rome. carinatus, a, um, keel-formed. cariosus, a, um, rotten, mellow.

caritas,
atis,
f..

dearness,

high

price, esteetn, love.

poem, wool or flax. Carmenta, ae, mother of Evander, an Arcadian prophetess. carmino, i to charm, card (wool).
inis, m., song, tune,

carmen,
oracle

card, for

carnarius,
butcher ;
tioncr,

a,
i\.,

um, of

flesh;

m.,

Jiesh-hook, larder.
ficis, m.,

carnifex (-ufex),
carniJ0.cina, se, f.,

execu-

murderer, knave.

headsmanh office,

Caspian sea. of Priam, a prophetess, slain by Clytaemnestra. casse, in vain. casses, ium, m., hiinting-net. cassida, se, F., helmet. Cassiope (-ea), ee, wife of Cepheus. cassis, idis, F., helmet (of brass). cassita, ae, f., crested lark. Cassiterides, um, f., the Scilly Is. S. W. of Britain. Cassius, C, chief conspirator against Ca?sar, d. at Phihppi, B.c. 42 Cassiani, his partisans. casso, I, to destroy, annul. cassus, a, xxm, vain, void, devoid. Castalia, ae, f., a fountain of Parnassus, sacred to Apollo.

Caspium mare,

Cassandra,

ee, d.

torment, place oftorture. carnifico, i, behead, mangle.

castanea,

ae, f., chestnut.

carnosus, a, um, Jleshg, gross. carnufex=carnifex, knave.

caro, carnis, f., Jiesh. caro, ui, 3, to card wool. Carpathus, i, f., an island of the

caste, pnrely, uprightly. castellanus, a, um, ofthe castle or

fort
;

M., hohlers

of

the castle.

castellatim, in detached forts.

castellum,

i,

n., fort, castle, citadeL

yEgean, near Rhodes. carpentarius, i, M., cartwright.

carpentum,
carpinus, i, carpo, psi,
te<(r (uroi/,

i,

n., chariot, ivaggon.

f.,

horn-beam.

3, phick, gather, open, jmss, divide.

pt-,

casteria, ae, ., forecastle. castigate, briefy, closely. castigatio, onis, F., chastisement. castigator, oris, m., reprover. castigatus, a, um, conjined, slender. castigo, I, to chastise, chide, check. castitas, atis -monia, ae, f., chas;

carptim, in bits, piecemeal. carptura, ee, F., sucking, gathering. carrago, inis, f., banicade ofcarts. carruca, ae, f., covered ivaggon. carrus, (-ulus), i, m., cart, vaggon. Carthago, aginis f. (Karthago),
Cartliage.

tity,

purity.

f castor, oris, m., beaver.

Castor, bris, myth. son of Tyndarus and Leda twin-br. of Pollux. castra, orum, N., camp. castrensis, e, oj the camp. castro, I to cut, prune, enjeeble.
;

cartilago, inis, f., gristle, cartilage. carus, a, um, dear, costly, precious.

castrum,
castus, casula,
a,

i,

N., castle, Jortress.

um,

chaste, pui^e,

holy,

Caryatides, um, maidens of Caryain Laconia, serving Diana.

devoid.
96, F., cottage.

casus

Caystros.
caudex
boat,

27

casus, us, M.jfall, cJiance, misJiap,

end, occasion, calamity,
cleat/i.

Catabathmos,
Africa,
f

i,

m., coast-dist.
m., deluge.

of

W.

of Egypt.
i, i,

(codex), icis, m., stock, log, book (of thin tablets). caudicahs, e; -carius (-ceus), a, um, of trunks of trees.

cataclysmos,
i,

t catadromus, f catamitus, f

m., tight-rope.

m. (Ganymedes), an

cataphractes, f cataphractus, fcataplus, i, m.,

effeminate or lascivious j^erson. se, f., scale-armor.

a,

Caudinus, a, um, of Caudium, a Samnite town furcae Caudinae a defile famous for a defeat of the Romans, b.c. 321. caulae, arum, f., sheep-fold,passage.
;

um,

in mail.

fleet, landing.

f catapulta, ae, f., a military engine for tlirowing arrows, &c.

caulis, is, m., stalk, stem, cabbage. Caunus, i, f,, a town of Caria. caupo, onis, m., innkeeper, huckster. caupona, ee, F., tavern, landlady.

fcataracta,

ae, f. ; (-es), m., cataract, portcullis, fioodgate.

i,

f catascopus,

m., scout, spy-ship.

cauponius, a, um, of an inn. caurus (corus), i, m., N. W. wind. causa (caussa), se, F., cause, reason, occasion, pretence,
(abl.),/o?' the sake

f catasta,

ae, f., stage, scaffold.

excuse

f catastroma, atis, N., deck. f catax, acis, limping, lame.

of

causarius, a, um, discharged for

sickness, invalided.
ee, f., wide-brimmed hat. causidicus, i, m., advocate, pleader causor, i, plead, discuss. f causticus, a, um, caustic, burning, causula, ae, f., petty cause. caute, cautiously. cautela, ae, F., precaution. cauterio, i, to brand, burn.

cate, sagaciously, skilfully. cateja, ae, f., barbed dart. catellus, i, m. ; -lla, ae, f., whelp, puppy, small chain. cateiia, ee, f., chain, fetter. catenatio, onis, f., band, clamp. catenatus, a, um, chained, joined. caterva, ee, crotod, troop, band, com'

causia,

pany. catervatim, in troops. f cathedra, ae, f., chair, seat. fcathetus, i, ., plumb-line.
f catholicus, a,

cauterium,

cautes,

is, f.,

um,

f cautim,

n., branding-iron. crag, sharp rock. warily.

i,

universal.

cautio, onis,

f., care,

caution, fore-

Catilina, ae, L, Sergius, head of the conspiracy, b.c. G'^.

catillo, I, to lick dishes. catillo, onis, m., glutton.

sight, security, bail.

cautor, oris, m., care-taker, surety. cautus, [caveo,] cautious, secure^

wary ;

n. pl., securities.

Catina,

ae, f.,

Catania, in Sicily.

catinus (-illus), i, m., dish, bowl,pot. Cato, M. Porcius, the censor, b.c. 232-147 the younger, enemy of
;

cavaticus, a, um, living in caves. cavea, ae, f., cave, stall, cage, coop,
spectafors^ seats, theatre.
2, beware, take heed, provide, get bail. caverna, se, f., cavern, vault, hold.

caveo, cavi, caut-,

Caesar, b.c. 93-45, d. at Utica.

catomus, i, m., between the shoulders. f catonium, i, n., the lower tvorld.
catulus, i, M., puppy, whelp^ cub. catus, i, M., tom-cat. catus, a, um, shrill, shrewd, wise.

cavilla, ae, f., cavil, scoff,jest. cavillatio, onis, f., jeering, raillery. cavillator, oris, m., jester. cavillor, i, to taunt,jest.

Caucasius, a, um, of the Cauca<^us. Caucasus, i, m., the mts. between the Black and Caspian Seas. cauda, ae, f., tail. caudeus, a, um, wooden.

cavitas, atis,

F.,

hollowness.

cavo, i, to make hollow. cavus, a, um, liollow; n., hole, cave. Caystros (us), i, a river of Lydia, frequented by swans.

28

Cecropiiis

centussis.
censorius, a, um, of the censor; of the rank of censor. censualis, e, ratable ; pl. recorders.

Cecropius, a, um, Atlienian. Cecrops, opis, myth. founder of Atheiis, emigrant from Egypt. cedo, cessi, cess-, 3, uleld., gioe way,
succeed, befall, beconie.

censum,
censura,

i,

n., wecdth, possessions.

ae,

cedo, cedite (cette), give, tell. cedrus, i, f., cedar, juniper.

celator, oris, m., concealer.

celatum,

i,

n., secret.

celeber, bris, bre, abundant, populous, fanious, solenin, festive.

f., ojice of censor, judgnient, reproof severity. census, [censeo,] registered, reckoned, taxed. census, us, m., valuationfregister, reckoning, wealth.

f f

centaureum,
Centaurus,
i,

i,

n.

ia,

e,

f.,

calebratio, onis,

concourse, festival, coniniendalion. celebratus, a, um, customary, fref.,

kind of gentian.
m., Centaur,
;

people of Thessaly
creature, half

a wild a myth.

quent, briUiant,

famous.

man

half horse.

celebritas, atis, f., multitude, renown, pageant. celebro, i, to resort, celebrate, perforni, practise, s.olemnize, praise. celer, eris, ere, swift, fleet, hasty
;

centenarius, a, um, of a hundred. centeni, by the hundred, 100 each. centesimus, a, um, the hundredth month. I per cent a centies, a hundred times.

pl. light-horse (patrician), knights.

centimanus, i,
cento, onis,
cap.
f

m.,

celere, siviflly. celeripes, pedis, swift-footed. celeritas, atis, f., swiflness, speed. celeriter, swifly, immediately. celero, i, to hasten, quicken. f celes, etis, n., race-horse. Celeus, ei, myth. k. of Eleusis, taught agricuhure by Ceres.
f celeusma, atis, M., boatswain'' s call. cella (-ula), ae, f., closet, storehouse,

m.,

hundred-handed. patchwork, skull-

centrum, i, N., centre, heart-wood. centum, a hundred.

a,

centumgeminus,
fold.

um, hundredm.,

centumviri, orum,

Board of

100, for civil suits. centunculus, i, n., rag, patch, saddle-cloth, bind-weed.

room. cellarius, a, ura, of a store-room M., sleward ; N., pantry.

shrine,
cell,

hut, private

centuplex,

icis, hundredfold.

celo,

I, to

hide, conceal, cover.

;

celox, ocis, swifl celse, on high. celsitudo, inis,'F.,

F., boa^, cutter.

centuria, ee, f., a century, division (of a hundred), company ; one of .193 classes of the people, according to property. centuriatim, by centuries, (companies).

loftiness.

celsus, a, um, higli, lofty, haughty. Celtae, arum, people of W. Europe also, of centr. and S. Gaul. Celtiberi, orum, people of middle Spain. cena=GCBna, supper.
;

centuriatus,
classed

divided or a, um, by hundreds ; comitia centuriata, the vote by centuries, to elect the higher ofificers or decide important pohcies, the highest pohtical tribunal
M.,

censeo,

ui,

um,
f.,

2, estimate, think,

vofe, deride, count,

reckon.

of Rome. centuriatus, us,

office,

centurion^s

censio, onis,
j)unisiiing.

assessing, taxing,

censor, oris, m., censor, one of two magistrates having in charge morals and rank ; critic.

division by centuries. ceiiturio, onis, m., centurion (captain of 100). centurio, i, to divide by hundreds.

centussis,

m.,

sum

of 100

cepa
cepa, de, f. cepe, Cephueus, ei, myth.
;

chartaceus.
cervinus
cervix, cervus,
i,

is, n.,

onion.

(-arius), a,

um, of a
; pl.,

stag.

k.

of Ethiopia,

icis, f., neck, ohstinacy.

father of Andromeda. cera, ae, F., wax, icax-tahlet (for writing), icaxen imaye. Ceramicus, i, m., a place of mon-

m., stag, deer

stakes.

cespes=caespes, turf
cessatio, onis, f., ceasing, lingering. cessator, oris, m., loiterer. cessim, yieldingly, hackward. cessio, onis, f., giving up. cesso, I, cease, linger, he idle, lack. f cesticus, a, um, of hoxing. f cestus, iis, m., girdle.

uments

at Athens.

cerarius, a, um, of wax ; F., candlemaker. f cerastes, ae, (is), m., Jiorned serpeut.

covered with wax ; N., wax-ointment. Ceraunii, orum, m., mts. of Epirus. Cerberus, i, m., the three-headed dog of Hades. f cerciirus, i, m., yacht. cerealis, e, of Ceres or grain.
a,

cerasus, ceratus,

i,

f.

um,

i,

M., cherry.

cestus=csestus,
cetarius,
a,

gauntlet.

um,

ofichales ; M.,fishmonger ; n., fish-pond. f cete, N., pl. indecl. of cetus.

um,

cetero, for the

rest.

ceteroqui (-quin), otherwise. ceterum, but yet, hesides.

ceterus, a, um, other, the rest. Ceto, iis, mother of Medusa.

cerebrosus,

a,

cerebrum, i, ceremonia=Cere-, ceremony. cereolus, a, um, icax-color. Ceres, eris, d. of Saturn and Ops, goddess of Corn and Fruits. cereus, a, um, zcaxen, m., waxlight.
cerintha, ae e, es, F., honeysuckle. cerinus, a, Tim, icax-colored. cerno, crevi, cret-, 3, sift, discern,
;

um, hot-headed. n hrain, lorath.

cetra (caetra),

ae, f.,

huckler.

cetratus, a, um, armed with buckler. cette, [cedo,] give, tell. f cetus, i, N., pi. cete, sea-monster. ceu, like, as it ivere. ceva, ae, f., a small cow.

ceveo,

2,

icag the

tail,

fawn.

perceive, decide, resolve.

Ceyx, ycis, myth. k. of Trachis, changed to a kingfisher. f chalceus, a, um, brazen.

a, um, of Chalcis (Euboea), or Cumce. Chaldseus, a, um, Chaldcean (of Assyria) M., sootlisayer. Chalybes, um, a people of Pontus. chalybs, ybis, m., steel. chaf chamaeleon, onis (ontis), m., meleon, a kind of Hzard. Chaonius, a, um, of N. W. Epirus of the oracle at Dodona. Chaos (ab. chao), N., chaos, the

cernuo, i, to fall headforemost. cernuus, i, M., rope-dancer, stooping.

Chalcidicus,

cero,
f

to

cover

icith

wax.

ceroma,

atis, n., salve,prize-ring.

cerritus, a, uva.,frantic. cerrus, i, m., Turkey-oah.

certamen,

inis, n., contest, struggle,

hattle, conflict.

certatim, eagerly, emulously.

certatio, onis, F., struggle. certe, at any rate, certainly. cexto, certainly, surely ( 41, 11, 3). certo, I, to strive, contend, struggle. certus, a, um, sure, resolved, fixed certiorem facere, to inform. f ceriichi orum, M., rope, sheet. cerula, ae, f., tcax (for erasing).
'

dark Void.
chara,
f
ae, f.,

wild cahhage.

characatus, a, um, staked. mark, brand. f character, eris, m., charitas=caritas, dearness.
f

Charites,

um,

F., the

Graces.

Charon, ontis, the ferryman of

Styx. charta,
ae, F.,

cerussa, ae, f., white-lead. cerva, ae, f., hind, doe. cervical, alis, N., jjil^oiv, holster.

paper,

tvriting.

chartaceus,

a,

um, of pajyer.

30
Charybdis,
is, f.,

Charybdis
a whirlpool in

cippus.
cicatrix, icis,
f., sca?^

seam.

the strait of Sicily. f chelae, a um, f., claws (the sign Scorpio or Libra).

f ciccus, i, M., core (worthless). cicer, eris, n., vetch, chick-pea.

Cicero,

M.

Tullius, the

Roman

chelidonias, fchelidonius,
f

ae,

m., ivest loind.

orator, b.c. 106-43.

;

a,

um, of

swallows

cicindela,

ae, f.,

glow-worm.
stork, well-sweep.

F.,

swallow-wort.

Cicones, um, a people of Thrace.

ciconia, ae, ae, f., cicur, uris, tame.
cicxita,

chelydrus, i, m., imter-snake. yn, y, F., tortoise, lute. Chersonesus, i, f., the peninsula S. E. of Thrace. f chersinus, a, um, living on land.
f f chelys,
f

m, f., poison-hemlock, reed, shepherd^s pipe. cidaris, is, f., turhan, tiara.
cieo, civi, cit-,
2,

chiliarchus, of i,ooo men.

i,

m.,

commander

shake, rouse,
hegin.

sum-

mon,

stir, call, excite,

Chimaera, ae, F., a fire-breathing monster (hon, goat, and dragon)

of Lycia, slain by Bellerophon. Chios, i, F., Scio, an island W. of Asia Minor, famous for wine and marble.
f chiragra, ae, F., hand-gout.
f
a, um, ivith sleeves. chirographum, i, n., handwriting.

Cilicia, ae, f., S. E.

clist. of Asia Minor, Cicero's prov., 51 B.c.

i,

cilicium, cilium, i,

N., hair-cloth.

n., eyelash, eyelid.

Cilix, icis, CiUcian.

chiridotus,

Cimbri, orum, people of N. Germany. routed by Marius, b.c. 102. cimex, icis, m., hug, maggot. Cimmerius, a, um, of South RusCimmerian, lying in perpetof Hades. f cinaedus, i, m., ivanton youth.
sia
;

Chiron, onis, a Centaur, instructor of Hercules and Achilles. f chironomos, i, c, pantomime.

f chirurgia, se, f., surgerij. f chirurgus, i, M., surgeon.

ual darkness

cinara,

se, f., artichoke.

chlamydatus, a, um, fchlamys, ydis, f.,

cloaked.
cloak,

hroad

L. i, Qiiinctius, Dictator, B.c. 436. cincinnatus, i, curly-head.

Cincinnatus,

mantle (a Grecian garment). f cholera, ae, f., gall, hile. f choragus, i, m., j)lay-manager.
f choraules, f
ae, M.,

cincinnus,
cinctiira,

i,

m., ringlet.

se, f., girdle.

flute-player.

chorda,

ae, f., string,

cord.
late-horn.

chordus (cordus), a, um,

f

f chorea, ae, f., dance in a ring.

chortinus,
i,

a,

um,

ofgrass.

cinctus, [cingo,] hegirt. cinctus, iis, m., girdle, girding. cinefactus, a, um, reduced to ashes. cinerarius, a, um, of ashes or graves : M.,hair-curler ; 'ii.,receptacle ofash.es (in tombs).

fchorus,

m.,

hand of dancers,

cinereus

(-icius), a,

um,

asTi-like.

chorus, troop, crowd.

um, Christian. um, oftime. f chrysanthemum, i, n., marigold.

Christianus,
a,

f chronicus, a,
f

cingo, nxi, nct-, 3, to gird, wreathe, surround, invest. cingula, 33; -um, i, N., girdle,
sword-helt, girth, zone. cinis, eris, m., f., ashes.

chrysos,

i,

m., gold, gold-fish.

cibarius, a, um, of food; N. pl., food, allotvance of corn. cibatus, iis, m., food. f ciborium, i, m., drinking-cup. cibus, i, M., food, fodder, hait. cicada, ee, f., tree-cricket, katydid. cicatricosus, a, vim,full ofscars.

cinnabari,
hlood.

n.,

-is,

f.,

dragon^s-

cinnamum (-omum),

i,

cinnamon.

Cinyphius, a, um, of tlie Cinyps, a river of N. Africa. cio, 4, =cieo, rouse. cippus, i, m,, stake, stock, monument.

circa
circa, abouty near, beside.

citrus.

31
3,

Circe, es

of the Sun, a sea-nymph and sorceress. Circeii, orum, M., a town of Latium. circensis, e, of the circus ; pl.
(ae),

d.

circumsedeo, sedi, sess-, encamp about, besiege.

circumsisto,

to

steti, 3, surround.
i, to

circumsono,

ring

ivith,

make
3,

ring, resouiid, echo.

({(tines.

circumspicio, spexi, spect-,

vatch, look ahout,
ivait,

circes, itis, M., hoop, ring. circino, i, encircle, make round. circiuus, i, M., compasses.
circiter, abouL circitor, oris, m., watchman, patrol.

pouder.

circumspectus, wary, heedful, wellconsidered, distinguished.

circumsto,
besef,

steti,

i,

stand about,
rvall

surround.
i,

circu-eo=circumeo,

f/o

about.

circumvallo,
blockade.

to

around,'

Circius,i,M.,aviolent N. W. wind. circuitio, onis, f., going the rounds,

indirectness.

circumvehor, vectus, 3, ride about. circumvenio, veni, vent-, 4, beset,

distress, cheat.

circuitus, lis, m., revolutioi, circuit. circulator, oris, M., quack, jyedlar. circulor, i, go round about. circulus, i, m., circle, ring, hoop. circum, ahout, around, among. circumactus, a, um, curved.

circus,

i, m., circle, ring ; circus maxiraus, a space in Rome,

enclosed for public games

censes).
f ciris, is, f., lark.

(cir-

circumago,

egi, act-, 3, drive about, tuni, wheel.

Cirrhaevis, a,

um, of Cirrha (near

circumcido,

cidi, cis-, 3, to

cut

Delphi), or Apollo. cirrus, i, m., curl, fringe.

cis,

abouf, prune, clip.

on

this side. a,

circumcirca, round about. circumcisus, a, um, steep, circumcliido, di, sum, 3,

in,

cisalpinus,
brief.

um,

this side

(South)

to shut

of the Alps. cisium, i, n., a

tivo-ivheeled carriage,

surround, inclose. circumdo, dedi, dat-, i, to jyut or set round, encompass, wrap about. circumduco, xi, ct-, 3, lead or march round, cheat, protract, ex4, encompass, go ahout or among. circumfero, tuli, lat-, to carry or spread (wound. circum-fluo, 3,f(nv ahout, surround.
(ii), it-,

Cisseis, idis, Hecuba, daughter of Cisseus, king of Thrace.

f cista, ae, f., chest.

punge, draw circumeo, ivi

about.

cistella (-ula), ae, f., basket, box. cisterna, ae, f., cistern. citatim, hastily. citatus, a, um, hurried, quick. citerior, citimus, [citra,] hither,
nearer, this side.

circumfundo,

fudi, about, envelop.

fiis-,

3,

pour

Cithaeron, onis, m., a mt. in S. W. of Boeotia, sacred to Bacchus. fcithara, ae, f., harp, lufe.
fcitharista,
ae, M.,

harp-player.

circumjaceo, 2, borderon, lie near. circumjectus, us, M.,surrounding.

circvLm2icio,2eci, 2ect-,castaround. circumligo, i, bind upon or round. circumplectoT, xus, 3, to embrace, clasp, svrround.

citharoedus, i, M., singer to the harp. cito, ius, issime, quick. citimus, a, um, nearest.
cito, I, summon, stir, incife, accuse, appeal, cite, proclaim. citra, this side, ivithin, before.

circumscribo,

psi, pt-, 3, to

draw
encir-

citreum,

i,

N., citron.

lines about, encircle, constrain.

circumscriptio,

onis,

f.,

cling, outline, deceit.

citreus, a, um, of citron-wood. citro (with ultro), to and fro. citrus, i, M., citron, African cedar.

citus

cljrpeusi

citus, [cieo,] sicift. civicus, a, um, of citizens, civic; corona, civic crown (of oak, for
civilis, e,

saving a citizen in battle). of citizens, courteous.

civilitas, atis, f., polity, courtesy. civiliter, courteously.

clausula, ae, f., a close, clause. clausus, [claudo,] shxit, closed. clava, ae, f., cluh, ctidgel. clavator, oris, m., cndgel-hearer.clavatus, a, iim, nailed, striped. clavicula, ae, f., tendril, small key. claviger, eri, m., cluh-hearer (Hercules) key-hearer (Janus). clavis, is, f., key. clavus, i, M., spike, nail, ruddery stripe (of the tunic).
;

civis,

is,

c,

citizen, fellow-citizen.
f., city,

civitas, atis,
ship,

state, ciiizencity.

freedom ofthe
is, F.,

clades,

disaster,

defeat,

slaughter, massacre.

clam,

secretly,

without

the

knowl-

clemens, tis, merciful, gentle. clementer, gently, calmly.

clementia, ae, f., mercy, mildness. Cleopatra, ae, the last queen of Egypt, E.c. 69-30.
clepo, psi, pt-,
f
3, to steal, pilfer.

edfje of clamator, oris, M., declaimer. clamito, i, to cry, vociferate. clamo, I, cry out, call, proclaim. clamor, oris, m., a shout, applause,

clepsydra,

se, f.,

water-clock.

noise, diri, clamor.

clamosus, a, um, noisy, clamorous. clanculo (imi), secretly, privately.

clandestiuus, a, um, secret, stealthy. clango, 3, to sound, resound. clangor, oris, M.,a shrillcry,clang.
clare,
(n-if/htly,

f clepta, ae, m., tliief f clerus, i, M., one ofthe clergy.

clibanus,

i, m., oven, Ixiking-pan. cliens, tis, m. ; -ta, ae, F., client (one attached to a patron, and

protected by him)
clientela,
f

suhject-ally.

clearly.

e, f., clientship,

hody.

of

clareo,
clarigo,

2,

he clear or bright.
ui, 3,
to

dc/)endants.

claresco,
i,

grow clear. make solemn proclaF., bright-

clima, atis,
a,
iis, tlie
I,

N., climate.

clinatus,
Clio,

um,
arm
i,

inclined, hent.

inatiou

ofwar.

Muse

of History.

claritas, atis; -tiido, inis,

clipeo,
disk.

lo

with shield.
m., a brazen shield,

ness, clearness, splendor^fame. Clarius, i, (of Claros, an lonian town), Apollo. claro, i, hrighten, explain. claror, oris, M., hrightness. clarus, a, um, hright, clear, loud,

clipeus (um),

clitellaB,arum,
clitellarius, a,

Clitumnus,
bria.

i,

saddlehags. hearing packs. m., a river of Umse, f.,

um,

fa/nous, plain, manifest. classiarius, a, um, of the feet.

classicum,
classicus,
Jlect
:

i,

m., trumpet-signal.

um, of the army or of high rank ; M., trumpeter. classis, is, f., army, fleet, rank.
a,

ciivosus, a, um, sfeep, hilly. clivus (um), i, m., hill, slope. cloaca, ee, F., sewer, drain. Clodius, the enemy of Cicero, killed by Milo, b.c. 52.

cliido=claudo,

shiU.

clathri,

orum,
;

M., trelli^-tvork.
;

cludus=claudus,

lame.

claudeo, 2 -ico, i -o, 3, to limp. Claudius, i, (Appius), the Decemvir, (Tiberius), tlie 15. c. 450
;

fo he f clueo, 2 ; cluo, 3, cliinis, is, D., hauiich.

famous.

clupea,

ae, f.,

shad.

Emperor, a.d. 41-54. claudo, si, sum, 3, to shuf, close,

fourtli

clxirinus, a,

end, ronclude, enclose, confine. claudus, a, um, lame, defective.

claustra, orum,

n., har, holt, dike.

queen of Ethiopia, mother of Phaethon. clypeus=clipeus, shield.

es,

Clusium, i, Clyniene,

um, of apes. N., a town of

myth.

Etruria.

Clytaemnestra
Clytaeranestra, se, d. of Tyndarus and Leda, vvife of Agamemnon. Cn. the praenomen Cnaeus.

coUare.
coeptum, i,
taking.
n.
;

33
-tus,
iis,

m., under-

coerceo
in,

cui, cit-, 2, restrain,

f.,

hem

fcnodax,
coacervo, coacesco,
coactilis,

acis, M., j)in, pioot.

to

curb, confne, repress.

check, punishblue.

[co-, con-, lofje:her, or intensive.

i,

coercitio, onis,
meiit, right

heap

tof/ether.

cui, 3, to get sour.

e, thick, felted.

of coercion. coeruleus=caeruleus, dark

coetus,
viB,

m., assembly.

coactor, oris, m., gatherer. coactus, [cogo,] forced. coactus, U3, M., constraint. coaequo, i, to make equal.

Coeus, i, a Titan, father of Latona. c5gitatio, onis, f. -tai;um, i, m.. thought, purpose, plan, judgmenty
;

refection.

coagmento,
coagulum,
coalesco,
i,

fasten, join.
i,

cogito,

I,

think, reflect, intend.

coagmentum,

n., joint.

cognatio,

N., curd,

cement.

re.^^emblance,

onis, f., relationship, agreement, kindred.

ui, it-, 3,

(jrow together,

unite, agree.

cognatus, mother\s

a,

um, kindred (by the

side).

coarguo,
coarto,
f
i,

3, to
i,

arraign, convict, prove.

compass, confine.
N., scarlet grain.
(cis), m.,

coccum,

f coccyx,

ygis

cuckoo.

cochlea,

ae, f,, snail-shell.

cochlear (are), is, n., spoon. cochlearium, i, N., snail-pit.

cocio, onis, m., broker, agent. cocles, itis, one-eged. coctilis, e, [coquo,] baked, hurnt. coctio, onis, F., cooking, digestion. Cocy tus, i, M., (Lament), a river of

cognitio, onis, f., knowledge, acq udintan c e in q u iry. cognitor, onis, m., ivitness, advocate. cognitus, [cognosco,] known. cognomen, inis, n., surname. cognominis, e, of Like name. cognomino, i, to surname. cognosco, novi, nit-, 3, know,find
,

ou', inveHtigate.

cogo, coegi, coact-,

compel, bring

3,

to gather^

togeliter.
2.,

cohaereo,

si,

sum,

(-resco,

3),

Hades.

cling, uniie, hold together.

codex=caudex,
Codrus,

stump, book.

i, king of Athens, who devoted himself to death to win

victory, b.c. 1045.

coelestis=caelestis, heavenly. Coelius, i, m., a hill of Rome, E. of the Aventine.

coelum=caBlum,

skij.

coenio, emi, empt-, 3, buy, buy up. coemptio, onis, Y.,purchase; marriage in the form of purchase. coena, se, f. (cena), supper (the chief meal of the Romans).

coheres, edis, c, joint-heir. cohibeo, ui, it-, 2, restrain, suhdue. cohonesto, i, to honor amply. cohorresco, ui, 3, shudder, quiver. cohors, tis, f., cattle-yard, troop, coiiort (600 men), hody-guard. cohortalis, e, of a cattle-yard. cohortatio, onis, F., cheering. cohortor, i, to cheer, exhort, animate.

cohum,

i,

n., yoke-strap.

coiens, euntis, [eo,] meeting.

coinquino,

i, to de/ile,
;

infect.
113,

coenaculum,
upper

i,

n.,

dining-room,

coitio, onis, f. -tus, ing together, uniting.

m., com-

story, attic.

coeno

(-ito), i, to dine, sup, eat.

a,

hlow. f coiapiius, i, m., cuf Colchis, idis, F., the dist. E. of the

um, boggy,filthy. N.,flth, mud, mire. CD-eo, 4, assemhle, unite, agree.

coenosus,

coenum,

i,

Black Sea a Colchian woman. coU3=caulis, stalk.

;

collabe-fio, be brought

to ruin.

P., coeptus. coepi ( 38, i), begaa coepto, i, begin, attempt.

;

coUabor, psus, 3, to fall, coUare, is, N., neck-hand,

sink.
collar.

34
Collatinus,
a,

Collatinus

comiter.
\

um, of
;

Sabine town

Collatia, a M.,Ii.Tarquimus,

colonicus,

ci,

um, of

colonies,

or

hustjandry.

the husband of Lucretia. collatio, ouis, f., bringing together,

couijxiri^tonf contribution.

colonus, M., Jarmer, colonist. color (os), oris, m., color, condition,
complexion, lustre.

collativus,

gathering. coUator, oris, m., gatherer.

a,

uo,

collatus [coufero,J hrought together.

collatus,
iis,
I,

coloro, I, to color, dye, tinge, stain. f colossus, i, M., a gigantic statue. coluber, bri, m. ; -bra, sb, f., snake.

m., aiiack, collision.

praise highlg, extol. collectio, onis (-ta, as), f., gathering, collecting,

collaudo,

colum, i, N., strainer. columba, ae, f., dove, jngeon. columbarius, a, um, ofdoves ;
keej)er

m.,

suminarg.

of doves

n., 2>igcon-ho/e
;

collectus, [colligo,] gathered. collega, ae, m., associate, colleague.

or house, mortise
burial urns.

pl.

niches for

collegium,
nitij,

i,

n., companij, frater-

columbinus,
co/ored.

a,

um, of doves,

dove-

association, guild.

collibet, uit, 2, it jyleases. colliciae (-liquiae), arum, .,gutters. collido, si, sum, 3, dash together, clash, contend. colligatio, onis, f., hinding. colligo, I, tofasten, bind.

columella, 8, f., a small piilar. coliimen, inis, n., column, beam,

heigh', jn^op,

columis,

e, safe,

summit. sound.

columna,

sa, F., piiiar, post, piiiory.

coUigo,

legi, lect-, 3, collect, gather,

;

gain, get, consider

(refl.),

recover.

columnarius, a, um, of a coiumn M., condemned dehtor ; n., a tax. colurnus, a, um, [corulus,] of
hazei.

collino, levi, lit-, 3, besmear. collinus, a, um, of a hill. collis, is, M., hitl, high ground. collocatio, onis, f., establishing.

colus,

i (iis),

M., distaf.

j-coliitea,

colloco,
ploij,

I, set,

establish, invest,

em-

glce in marriage.

orum, n., tamarind. f colymbas, adis, f., pickled olives. coma, ae, f., hair, mane, foliage. comans, tis, hairy.
i,

colloqiuum,

i, n., conjerence, discoursc, con vcrsation.

f comai-chus,

m., governor.

colloquor, lociitus, i, converse. coUiiceo, 2, to skine clear, be hright.

colliido,
si,

comatus, a, um, iong-haired, leafy. combibo, bibi, 3, drink, siraiiow. comburo, ussi, ust-, 3, burn up.

sum,

3,

to sport,

play,

comedo,
iip,

edi, es- (est-),

3,

to

eat

deceive, actfalseiij.

consume.

coUum,
colluo,

i,

N., neck.

comes, itis, c, companion, comrade,

tufor, altendant, official.

ui, iit, 3, icash, rinse, wet. colliisio, onis, f., deceit, collusion.

cometes

(-ta), se, m.,

coUustro, coUuvies,
f

I,

iilumine, survey.

ei;

drain, f/th,

vile

collybus,
age.

i,

onis, f., sinh, medley. m., exchange, broker-io,

comicus, cominus,
comis,

a,

um, of comedy,
um,

comet. comic.

ciose at hand.
reveiiing.

e, gentie, courteous, kind.

a,

comissabundus,

fcollyra, ae, f., maccaroni. colo, I, to strain, sift. colo, ui, cult-, 3, till, adorn, worship. colocasia, ae, F. -um, i, N., Egy}>
;

comissatio, onis, F., a revel. comissator, oris, m., revelier. comissor. i, to revei,feast. comitas, atis, F., courtesy, friendliiiess,

mi/dness.

tian heaii (a

marsh

hly).

colonia,

ae, f., colony, farm, residence, colonial town, colonists.

comitatus, a, um, accompanied. comitatus, iis, M., retinue, escort. comiter, kindly, courteously.

comitialis
comitialis,
bly.
e, of the elections. comitiatus, us, m., election-assem-

como.
comminus,
close by,

35
hand
to

hand.

conTimisceo, scui, xttogefher, mingle.

(st-), 2,

mix

comitium,
meeting,
;

i.

n., votin(j-groun(l

pl.

curiata, of the patri2. tribiita, of the plecians beians 3, centuriata, of the whole body of citizens.
i.
;

commiseror, i, bewail, pity. commissio, onis, f., contest,

mafion, committing.

decla-

commissum,
commissiira,

i,

n., offence, trust.

as, F., joint,

seam.
set

comitor,

i,

accompany, attenrL

commaculo, i, to stain, j)ollute. Commagene, es, f., a town of N.

Syria.

commitigo, i, make mellow. committo, misi, miss-, 3,

to-

gether, engage, commit, resign.

commixtus, [misceo,]
us, M., passage^fur-

mixed.

commeatus,
lough, train,

commode,

company,

supplies.

commemini, rememher fully. commemoratio, onis, F., recounting, mention.

duly, fitly, just now. commoditas, atis, Ffitness, advantage, symmetry, kimlness.

commodo,
oblige, help.

i,

to

adjust,

adapt,

commemoro,
men datio n
,

i,

call to

commendatio,

onis,
a,

mind, tell. recomf.,

commodo,

commodum,

seasonaUy, just in time. advani, n., fitness,

praise.

commendatus,

um, pleasing.

commodum,

commendo
memoir,
treatise.

i,

commit, commend.

commensus, [-metior,] measured. commentarius i, m., (um, N.),

sJcetch,

tage,profit,convenience,pay,favor. opportunely, just noiv. commodus, a, um,j^^ advantageous, friendly, serrice(d)le, kind.

commone-facio,

3, ivarn, advise.

commentatio,
commenticius,
,

journal. onis, F.,

a,

commoneo,
study,

ui, it-, 2,

remind, imout.
lin-

press upon, advise.

um,

invented,

commonstro, i, to shoio,point commoratio, onicj, F., delay,

gering.

pretended, forged. commentor, i to compose, discourse,

meditate, sketch, invent.

commorior, mortuus,
gefher.

3, to

die to-

commentum,

i,

^.,fiction, invendevised, forged.

resort.

tion, pUin, device.

commoror, commotio,

i,

to abide,
f.,

delay.

commentus, a, um,

movement,disfurbance, commotion.
onis,
a,

commeo, i, (jo commercium,

course, right

to
i,

andfro,
n.,

commotus,

um,

uncertain,

trade,

inter-

roused, disturbed.

of traffic.
to trcffic,
it-,

commoveo, movi, mot-, 2, disturh,

jmrchase.
be

commercor, i, commereo, ui,

guilfy

2,

deserve,

remove, agifafe, push back. commiinicatio, onis, f., imparting.

of

communico,
communio, communis,

i,

impart, share,join.
F., j>artnership.

commeto, i, go frequently. commigro, i, remove, enter.

commilitium, i, N., comradeship. commilito, onis, M., fellow-soldier. comminatio, oris, F., threatening.

commiinio, onis,
e,

4, fortify, intrench.

common, courteous.
as, F., fellowship.

communitas,

commingo,
comminor, comminuo,

nxi, ct-,

3, to defile.
3,

commtiniter, in common. commutabili.s, e, changeful.

comminiscor, mentus,
feign, contrive.
i,

invent,

commutatio,
interchange.

onis,
to

f.,

change,

threateyi greatly.
iit-,

commuto,
in

i,

ui,

3,

brecdc

como, mpsi, mpt-,

dress the hair.

exchange, alter. 3, comb, braid,

pieces, loeaken, lessen, impair.

36
fcomoedia, fconijedus
se, f.,

comoedia
comedy.

concedo.
compleo,
evi, et-, 2,fiU uj),furnish,
finish, complete.

(-icus), a,

um,

comlc,

of comedij ;

M., comedldn.

compaciscor, pact-

(pect-), 3, to
i

:. to nvike d bcirgain, or comp compactus, [compiago,]^V/ set;

complex, icis, leagued, agreeing. complexio, onis, f., connection. complexus, us, m., embrace.

N.,

a barf/uin.
;

complico (ui, it-), i, tofoUl up. complodo, si, sum, 3, to clap.

comploratio, onis, f., lamentation. comploro, i, to Uiment loudly.

compages, is

go, iuis, F.,joming,

bai/din(/, slraclure,

embrace.
;

compar,

aris, equal, like

M.,

com-

compluo,

rade, consort, male.

compliires,

ut-, 3, flow together. ia, several, very many. often.

f., ojjen

comparatio, onis,
',

f., comparing, ajreemen prooiding, getcing ready.

si, 3, to

compluries, very

compluvium,
(for the

comparco, compareo,
comparo,

save, slore up.

ui, 2, to

appear, agree,

liappen, exist, be present.

court-yard liow of rain). compono, posui, posit-, 3, put togeJher, arrange, ma'ch, comjmre.
i,

\,toget,procure, compare, bnnii togedier, come to agreement. cotnpasco, past-, 3, feed, paslure. co.npassio, onis, f., [patior,] sym-

comporto, i, bring, coUect. compos, otis, partaking, sharing.

composite, orderly. compositio, onis,
f.,

adjusting,

padnp feUow-feeHng.

composing, arrangement, compacL

agreed.
felier.

compectus, [paciscor,] compedio, 4, to shackle,

compellatio, onis,
ing, rebuke.
f.,

an

accost-

compositus, [p5no,] iveU-ordered. 4, make or be partaker. comprecor, i, to worship, pray. comprehendo, di, sum, 3, seize,

compodo,

puli, puls-, 3, constrain, force, drioe, coUect. compendiun, i, n., saving, gain,

compello, compello,

I,

to accosf,

rebuke, chide.

gra.^p, perceire, recount, contain.

comprehensibilis,

e, j)erceptible.

compensatio, onis,
e.rchange, barter.

sparing, skorlening, abridgement. F., balancing,

comprehensio, onis, f., seizing. compresse, brie/fy, urgenily. compressio, onis, f. -sus, us, m.,
;

jire<^ure, embruce.

comprimo, pressi, press-,

3, press,

compenso,
a>ice,

recompense, balcompensate, spare.

i,

to

re<i-ain, carb, bind, wilhhoUl.

comperio

(ior),

peri, pert-, 4,

to

fiad oa', le-irn, ascertain.

compes, pedis, f., afetter, shackle. compesco, ui, 3, to check, restrain.

conpetltor,
oris, M., rival.
(ii), it-, 3,

competo,
co.npilo,

ivi
I,

seek, strive,

m^e', agree,fit, correspond.

to rob, piUage, plunder. pegi, pact-, ^,iofaslen, cromd, confine, conjeal. compifcalia, e, of the cross-ways. co.npitum, i, N., cross-ways. complaceo, ui, it- 2,p!easegreaUy. complano, i, viake level. complector, xus, 3, embrace, compreuend, care for, lay hohl of.

comprobo, i, to approve, confirm. Gompt'X'3,[QOiQ.o,'\lrimmed. comptus, n^, m,, band, head-dress. compiilous, [compello,] forced. compaiigo, nxi, uct-, 3, sting, goad. compiibado, onis, f., reckoaing. compaco, i, reckon, compule. [con-, iogedier (or intensive).
conameu,
c5natiim,
temp
,

inis, n., ejfort, s:ruggle.

i,

conpin^D,

N.

-tus,

iis,

M., at-

ejforf,

impulse.

[conb-=comb-.
concaedis, i^, f., barricade. concale.3CO, calui, 3, to glow,

concavo, i, to JioUjxv oul. concavus, a, um, hoUow, arched. concedo, cessi, cess-, 3, go, withd>-aw, submit, cdlow, consent.

complementum,

i,

n.,

afJing-up.

concelebro
concelebro, i, to concentio, ouis,
[cano,]
i^esort,

condenso.

37

celehrate.

f.

-tus, us, m.,

-tus, us, m.,

coiicert, Imrruoiiij.

conceptio, onis,
(jalherintj.,

f.

concelcing.

concerpo, pt- 3, tear to pieces. concerto, i, contend, dispute. concessio, onis, F. -sus, us,
;

concitator, onis, f., exciter. concitatus, a, um, roused, swift, vehement, violentlg moved. concito, I, stirup, rouse, excite. concitus, [cieo,] incited, slirred. conclamatio, onis, f., a shout,

m.,

rjielding, f/ranl.

conclamatus, a, um, conclamo, i, crg out,

conclave,
Goncliido,
to

celehrated.
shout, call to

concesso, i, leave off, desist. concessus, [cedo,] ijranted. fconcha, ae, f., shell-Jish, pearl. f conchis, is, f., string-hean. \ conchylium, i, N., oijster, pwple
shell-fish, })urple dije.

arins, call together, exclaiin.

is, n,, inrrer rooin, stall.
si,

sum, [claudo,]

3,

shut up, close, confine, include. concliisio, onis, f., siege, blockade, conclusion, end.

concido,

[cado,] 3, fall in go to ruin, die. concido, cidi, cis-, [caedo,] 3, cut

cidi,
pieces, perisli,
to pieces, desti'oij.

concolor,

oris,

of one

color.

concomito, i, accoinpanj. concoquo, coxi, coct-, 3,

ripen, digest, ivaste

to

cook,

away.

concieo,

ivi, it-, 2,

hrnng together,
n.,

collect, ronse, stir, excite.

conciliabulum,
meeting.

i,

p/ace

of

conciliatio, onis,
incUnalion.

f.,

reconciling,

conciliator, onis, m., pr^ovider. conciliatus, a, um, /'riendlg, dear, favorahle, ivell incUned. concilio, i, to reconcile, unite, win, provide, procure, jyrepar^e.

concilium,

i,

n., council,

assemhhj,

agreeirient, connection.

concordia, se, f., harniony. concorditer, hannoniously. concordo, i, to agr-ee, harmonize. concors, dis, harmonious. concredo, didi, dit-, 3, entrust. concrepo, ui, it, i., cr^eak, clash. con-cresco, ^^groiv together, harden. concretus, a, lim, hard, stiff. concretus, iis, m., hardening. concubina, ae, f., concuhine. concubitus, iis, m., pair'ing,mating. concubius, a, um, of sleep; n., deod of niglit.

concinnatio, onis, f., preparing. concinne, eleganllij, fithj. concinnitas, atis, f., elegance, filness.

concubo, bui,

bit-, 3,

Ue together.

conculco, I, to tirimj)le doivn. concupisco, ivi (ii), it-, 3, to desire,

loiig

for, strive afier.

3,

concinno, i, to trim, fit, prrepare. concinnus, a, um, neat, elegant,fit. concino, ui, [cano,] 3, to accord

concurro, curri, curs-,

flock
tof/efher,

meet,

concio

music), agree, harmonize. (tio), onis, F., meeting, speech, place of speaking.
(iii

contend, hefall. concursatio, onis, F., moving together, concurrence, restlessness. concurso, i, to rush ahout or to~
gether, rand)le, frequent.

concionator, concionor, i,

oris, n.,

demagogue.

concursus, iis,

m., running together,

3,

to asseinhle,

hamngue.

concipilo, i, seize, catch. concipio, cepi, cept-, 3, take up or lioid of, perceive, conceive. concise, hriefii/. concisus, [concido,] hroken short,
cut, triinmed.

crowd, onset. concutio, [quatio,] cussi, cuss-,

sliake, shatter, ter-rify, rouse.

condalium, i, n., ring (for slaves). condecet, uit, 2, it hefits.

condemno,[damno,]
co iidein n
,

i,

tosentence,

disappr-o ve.
i,

concitate, quickly, impeluoushj.

condenso,

crowd

together.

38

condensus

congeries.
confictus, [fingo,] coimterfeit.

condensus, a, um, close, dense. condepso, ui, 3, knead iogelher. condico, xi, ct-, 3, appolnt, declare,
af/ree, en(/u(/c, proclaiin.
a, um, (piUe worthij. condimentum, i, n., spice.

confidens, tis, hotd, confdent. confidentia, se, .,confdence. confido, sus, 3, to trust, rely.
configo, xi, x-, t,, join,fasten,pierce. confingo, rmxi, fict-, T,,form,feign. confinis, e, adjacent, hordering ; n.,
neigld/orhood.
i, n., neighhorhood. con-fio, fect-, he hrought to pass. confirmatio, onis, f., confnning,

condignus,

condio, 4, 10 season, einbabn, adorn. con-disco, 3, learn carefidlij.

conditio, onis, f., condition, rank, terin (of agreement), match. conditio, onis, f., spicing, preserviiu/,

confinium,

seasoniiKj.
a,

consoliiig, slrengthening.

conditivus,

um, for

prese?'ving

confirmitas, atis,

F.,

ohstinacy.

X., vanlt, toinh.

confirmo,
huilder, founder.

i,

estahlish, strengthen,

conditor, oris, m.,

conditorium, i, n., plate of deposit. condo, didi, dit-, 3, lag up, compose, establish, build, hurj, hide.

confisco, I, seize as forfeit. confisus, a, um, confident. confiteor, fessus, [fateor,] confess,
adinit, declare, make known. confixus, [figo,] pierced. conflagro, i, hurn up.

condoceo, ui, ct-, 2, teach, train. condolesco, lui, 3, suffer severely. condonatio, onis, f., giving-awaj. condono, i, to grant, surrender,
pardon,
reinit,

conflictio, onis,

f.,

-tus,

lis,

m.,

collision, coiijlict.

present.
3,

condormisco, mui,

faU

asleep.
hire,

conducibilis, e, prqfitahle. condiico, xi, ct-, 3, lead,

gallier, join, serve.

conflicto, I, slrike, dash, ruin. confligo, xi, ct-, 3, to hring together, struggle, contend, compare. conflo, I, kindle, infiame, melt.

conducticius, a, um, hired. conductio, onis, f., hiring.

confluens, tis, m., confluence. confluo, xi, 3, jlow together, throng.

confodio, fodi,

conductor,

oris, m., tenant, farmer, contracfor.

conformo,

i, to

foss-, 3, dig, stab. shape, adapt.

condus, i, m., steward. f condylus, i, m., knuckle,

joint.

conforto, i, [fortis,] strengthen. confossus, [fodio,] stahhed. confragosus, a, um, hroken, rowjh.
ui, 3, 7nurmur, resound. confrico, i, to rub, touch. confringo, fregi, fract-, 3, hi-eak in

confabulor, i., converse, discuss. confarreatio, onis, f., solemn marriage (witli bride-cake, far). confectio, onis, f., making-up. confector, oris, m., finisher. confectus, a, um, fnished. confercio, fert-, 4, to stvff, cram. confero, ferre, tuli, coliat-, hring to(/ether, collect, compare, hetake. conferte, -tini, compactly. confertus, a, um, close, crammed.

confremo,

pieces, deslroy, sipuiiider.

confugio,

fiigi, ^.

Jlee for refuge.

confundo,

fiidi, fiis-, 3,

mix, con-

fnse, pour out, dijfuse, empty. confiise (-sim), confusedly. confiisio, onis, f., mingling, confusion.

confervesco, bui,
confessio, onis,

3.,

groic hot, heal.

F.,

confession.

confiisus, a, um, 'disordered, confused, perplexed. confiito, I, to check, confute.

confestim, confibula,

at once, forthwith.
ae, f.,

congelo,

I, to

freeze, stiffen.

clamp.

conficiens, tis, effective. conficio, feci-, fect, 3, to finish, despatch, produce, effect, make out.

congemino, i, to redouhle. congemo, ui, 3, to sigh, lament. t conger (-grus), i, m., sea-eel.
congeries,
ei, f.,

heap, mass.

congero
congero, gessi, gest-,
(lellier,

consequens.
conor,
I,

3,

lieap

to-

to

endeavor,

try.

pnt upon, impute. congero, onis, m., thief.

congerro, onis, m., pla//-fellow. congestio, onis, f., -tus, iis,

heapuu/- up, accu/nalafion.

m.,

conquasso, i, to shake, shatter. conqueror, quest-, 3, compkdn. conquestus, iis, m., complaint. conquiesco, evi, et-, 3, to rest^
repose, he unconcerned.

congiarius,

a,

um, of a

gallon

conquiro,

sivi, sit-, 3, inquire, seek.

vieasure; N., largess.

congius,

i,

M.,

conglobo,

I, to

about a gallon. heap together.

conquisitio, onis, f,, coUecting, levy. conquisitor, oris, m., recruitingofjicer, spy, listener.

congliitino, i,tojoinfrnil/j, cement. congraeco, i, to lavish, squander. congredior, [gradior,] gress-, 3, to meet, eiicounter, contcnd. congregatio, onis, F., union, society. congrego, [grex,] i, to gather in troops or flocks. congressus, iis, m. -sio, onis, f., gatheriiu/, nieeting, encounter. congrex, egis, ofthe same fiock. congruens, tis, suited, accordant.
;

conquisitus, a, um, choice, costly. consaluto, i, to greet, salute. consanesco, sanui, 3, to get welL

consanguineus,

a,

um,

kindred.

consanguinitas,atis, f., kindred. consceleratus, a, um, depraved. conscelero, i, to dishonor. conscendo, di, sum, 3, [scando,] clind), mount, emhark. conscientia, 9b, f., [scio,] consciousness, conscience.

congruo, ui, 3, agree, fit, coincide. congruus, a, nm, fit, harmonious.

conifer (-ger), era, um, cone-hearing. conjectus, ui, m. -tio, onis, f., ca^tiiig, hurliiig ; a heap, pile.
;

conscindo, idi, iss-,

3, cu.t to

pieces.

conscio, 4, he conscious (of wrong). conscisco, scivi, scit-, 3, to vote,

approve, agree, adjudge.

conscius,
ing ; M.,
eiirol,

a,
F.,

um,

coniveo, nivi, 2, to close tlie ei/es. conjecto, i, throw together, infer.

conjectiira, ae, f., conclusion,guess. conjicio, jeci, ject-, 3, to cast, hurl, drive, prophesg, interpret. conjugalis, e, of marriage. conjugium, i, N., marriage, consort. conjuncte, -tim, jointly, intimatebj. conjunctio, onis, f., joining, connection, agreement, sympathy.

conscious, knowaccomplice, accessory.

to

conscribo,

psi, pt-, 3,
a,

register,'

compose, ap/wint.

conscriptus,

um,

registered,

summoned ;
conseco,

m., pl., senators.

ui, ct-, i, cut to jneces.

consecratio, onis, F., dedication. consecro, i, devote, deify, consecrate. consector, i, to hunt, chase, pursue. consectus, [seco,] cut to jneces.
conseciitio, onis,
F.,

conjungo,

xi, ct-, 3, to join, couple.

consequence,
got.

conjunx=conjux,

spouse. conjiiratio, onis, F., conspiracy. conjiiratus, M., conspirator. conjiiro, i, siceartogether,conspire. conjux (nx), ugis, c., husband or
wife, helro'hed.
;

connection, sequel.

conseciitus,

a,

um,
;

having

consenesco, ui, 3, grow old, decay. consensio, onis, f. -sus, iis, m.,
conscnt,
/)Iot.

[con-=conn-.

[conl-=coll- conm-=comm-. connecto, xiii, xum, 3, clasp, join. connitor, nix (nis-), 3, strive, yeaiyi.

consentaneus, a, um, agreeahle,fit. consentes dii, the 12 chief gods,

{rouiiseUors).

conniveo=c6niveo,
conniibialis,
e,
i,

close the eyes.

consentiens, tis, accordant. consentio, sensi, sens-, 4, to agree,

consent, resolve, conspire.

ofwedlock.
N., loedlock, right

conniibium,
I

of

consepio, sept-,

4, to

fence

in.

interriiarriage..

fconopeum,

i,

^.,Jly-net.

conseptum, i, n., enclosure. cousequens, tis, consistent, fit.

40

consequenter

consul.
couspicio, spexi, spect-, 3
;

consequenter, suitab/t/. cousequor, cutus, 3, folloio

coinc
uj) u-ltlt,

-spi-

close,

cor,

I, to

view, behold, dcscry.

a,

oblain.
sit, 3, io

couspicuus,
sow, plant,

um,

easy

to see,

cousero, sevi,
strca',JiiL

visibk', disti)i(/uishcd.

cousero,
briny

ui, sert-, 3, entwine,

join

to(/ct/icr

cousertus,

(as for battle). [sero,] joinccl, inter-

woven, matchcd.

conservatio, ouis, F.,jjrese7'vation. couservator, ouis, M., defender. couservo, i, to kccp, preserve. couservus, i, m, conserva, ae, f.,
;

couspiratio, onis, f., a(jrcement, harmony, plot, conspiracy. conspiratus, a, um, having con~ spired ; M. pl., conspirators. couspiro, I, combine, accord, plo!, conspirc ; coil or crowd. conspuo, iit-, 3 -to, i, to spit upon.
;

constans,

tis,

frm,

constant,

con-

sistent, steadjhst, certain.

fcUow-scrvant.

consessor, oris, m., a hy-sitter. cousessus, iis, m., scssion, assemUy. considerauter, deliberatcly. cousideratus, a, um, circumspect,
ca utio us, considerate.

constantia, se, F.,frmness, harmony. constanter, s.cadily, with one voice. consternatio, onis, f., dismay. consterno, i, ovcrihrow, terrify. cousterno, stravi, strat-, 3, strew,
pave, overthrow.

considero, i, considcr, pondcr. cousido, sedi, sess-, 3, sit doivn,

sink, subside, settlc, cncanip.

constipo, i, to crowd close upon. constituo, ui, ut-, 3, to estaUish,

dctcrmine, set in order. coustitiitio, onis, f., regulation. constitiitus, a, um, estaUished;
N., inslitution,

consiguo, I, to cousilesco, ui,

secd, siyn, attest.^

3, kcep still. consiliarius, a, um, ofcounscl; M., counscUor, adviscr. cousiliator, oris, m., advi^^er. consilior, i, yivc or take counsel.

consto,
sist,

compact. standjirm, conendure, agrce ; constat, it is

stiti, stat-,

consilium,

i,

n.,

advice,

counsel,

purposc, prudence, council. cousimilis, e, quite like. cousisto, stit, stit-, 3, tostandfast,
continue, ayrce, cease. cousitus, [sero,] pUintcd.
sta.y, stop,

evident, weU-known, resolved. coustratus, [sterno,] strcwn, subdued ; N., .s7^/)/.s decl: constrictus, a, um, compressed,

bricf irimmed, compact.

constringo, inxi,
bind, constrain.

ict-, 3, holdclose,

consobrinus, a, um, cousin, kin. cousocio, I, associate, Join, connect.

consolabilis, e, consolable. cousolatio, onis, f., comfort.

constructio, onis, f., joining, framing, buiUling, connection. construo, xi, ct-, 3, build together,
pilc, construct.

consolor,

i, to

console, comfort.

coustupro,

I,

dehauch,

violate.

consouans, tis, Jiarmonious,ft. cousono, ui, i, to resound, accord. consonus, a, um, harmonious. consopio, it-, 4, put to sleep. cousors, tis, c, feUow in fortune,
partner, comradc. cousortio, onis, f., partnership.

consuadeo,

2,

advise strongly.

consiido, i, sivcat abundantly. cousuefacio, feci, fact-, 3, to accustom. iKdntuate.

consuesco,

evi, et-, 3, to inure, get

consortium, i, N., feUowship. couspectus, [-spicio,] conspicuous. conspectus, iis, m., siyht, glance,
view, prcscncc, survey.

conspergo,

si,

sum,

3,

besprinkle.

wonted, bccome cwcustomed. consuetiido, inis, f., custom.hahit, usc. intcrcourse, companionship. consuetus, a, um, accusfomed. consul, uiis, M., Consul, the chief executive officer of Rome, of whom two were chosen yearly.

consularis
consularis, e, of the consul; m., of considar rcuik, ex-consul. coiisulatus, us, M., consulship.

contrario.
contentio, onis,
contest,
f., strife,

41
dispute,

consulo,
Jiect
:

ui, sult-, 3, consider, re(w. acc.) consult; (w. dat.)

favor, consiilt, or have refjardfor. consultatio, onis, F., consuUation. consulte, -to, on purpose. consulto, I, rejlect, take counsel. consultor, oiris, m., counsellor,
adciser, consulter.
i, n., a decree, resolve. consultus, a, um, icelL-weighed. consultus, us, M., decree, prudence. con-sum, futvirum, fore, happen.

comparison, contrast. contentus, [tendo,] strained, inten! ; [teneo,] content, sfitisjied. conterminus, a, um, hounding, neighhoring ; N., neighhorhood. contero, trivi, trit, 3, hruise or
ivcar airay,
ivfiste,

destroy.

consultum,

consummatio,

onis,

f.,

smnminfj-

up, completion, summarij. consummo, i, to sum up, complete.

consumo, mpsi, mpt-,

destroij, hestow,

3, to

spend,

conterreo, ui, it-, 2, ajfright, terrify. contestatus, a, um, tried, proved. contestor, i, call to witness, hring an action. contexo, ui, tum, 3, weave together. contextus, iis, m., connection. conticesco, ticui, 3, hecome silent. conticinium, i, N., still of evening. contignatio, onis, F., timher-fioor. contigno, i,Join ivith heams. contiguus, a, um, adjoining, within
refwh, neighhoring.

consuo, sut-, 3, con-surgo, 3, rise up, revolt. Consus, i, the god of Counsel. contabesco, ui, 3, waste aicay. contabulatio, onis, F.,fooring. contabulo, i, to cover with plank. contactus, [-tingo,] touched. contactus, iis, M.,Jouch, infection. contages, is -io, onis, f. -imn, i,
;

consume. sew up or together.

continens,

tis,

close,

connected,

restrainfid; N., continent. continenter, uninterrupteflly.

continentia, ae, F., contineo, ui, tent-,

self-restraint.
2,

[teneo,] hold

close, restrain, contain.

contingo,

N., infection, contact.

tigi, tact-, 3, [tango,]/o touch, reavh, take hold, partake. contingo (-guo), 3, to ivet, spririkle. continuatio, onis, f., succession.

contaminatus, a, um, defiled. contamino, i, to hlend, corrupt. contatio=cunctatio, flelay. contechnor, i, play tricks. contego, xi, ct-, 3, cover up, preserve, hide.

continuo,

i, to

join, connect, con-

tinue, horder on.

continuo, immediately, consequently. continuus, a, um, constant, close,

successive, continuous.

contemno, psi, pt-,

contemplatio,

3,

scorn, despise.
f.,

contollo=confero, 3, hetake. contorqueo, torsi, tort-, tivist, hurl.

contortus, a, um, twisted. contra, against, opposite,
other hfind.

onis,

survey,

aim, consider<dion.

on

the

contemplator, contemplor, i,

onis, m., ohserver.

hehold, meditate.

contemptim,
contemptio,

scornfully. onis, f. -tus, us, M.,

;

contractio, onis, F. shortening. contractus, [traho,] drawn together,

contempf, scf>rn, disregard. contemptor, oris, m., scorner, insuVer, despiser.

contractus, us,

closed, compressed, retired. M., hargain, tract, shrinking, contrfiction.

con-

contemptus,
contemptihk,

[temno,]
vile, fihject.

desjnsed,

contradico, 3. 'gfdnsay, oppose. contradictio, onis, F., opposition. contraho, xi, ct-, gfither, contract,
produce. conclude, restrain, lessen.

contendo,
strive,

di,

tum,
tirge,

to

3,

contend,

march,

compare.

contra-pono,

3, j)ut

opposite.

contente,

eurnesily.

contrario, on the contrary.

42
contrarius, contrecto,
f/reafl//.

contrarius
a,
i,

copa.
convena, ae, c, one of a company. conveniens, tis, harmonious, suited. couvenienter, Jiily, consistently. convenientia, ae, f., meeting, accord, conformiiy, fitness.

um,

oppoi^ite,

hostile.

tuaclt, search,

contremiico,

handle. tremui, 3, to tremble

3,

co'itribuo, bui, but-,

assi(/n, contribuie.

to

grant,

convenio,

veni, vent-,
it

4,

meet,

contristo, i, r/rieve, sadden, darken. contritio, onis, F., grief. contritus, [tero,] worn, bruised.

agree, cisif; impers.

is fit.

conventicius, a, um, meeting. conventio, onis, f., meeting, compaci, agreement, indictment.

controversia, se, f., dispule, debate. controversus, a, um, set opposite,

dis/) ated,

conventum,
conventus,

i,

n.,

agreement.

qudrrelsoine.
i,

contrucido,
contriido,
si,

to kiU,

butcher.

meeting, company, assembly, court, compact.

us,
m.,

sum,

3^ to

crowd

in,

thrasl tof/ether.

converro, ri, sum, 3, to sweep, beat. conversatio, onis, f., use, intercourse, conversaiion, abode.

contrunco,

i,

mangle^cul
is,

to pieces.

contubernalis,

c, of onemess;
comrade.
mess, comabode. gaze upon, con-

conversio, onis,
iion, subversion.

f.,

change, revolu-

M., tent-com/ninion,

contubernium, i, n., pan)/, a common tent,

contueor, uitus,
sidcr, care for.
2,

converso, i, io turn vioJently, abide. converto, ti, sum, 3, to iurn, change,

transform,
cdter, transfer.

contumacia,

coutumax,

ae, F., stubbornness. acis, siubborn, ungield-

convexo, i, j)ress violently. couvexus, a, um, curved, arched

N., arch, vault, concavity.

ing, insoleni.

contumelia,
as.-^au/i,

ae, f.,

taunt, reproach,

conviciabor, oris, m., reviler. convicior, i, to revile, rep)roach.

disgrace, insult.
a.

convicium,

i,

n., loud cry, reviling,

reproachful, insolent, ignominious. contuudo, tudi, tus-, 3, beat, bruise,

crush, grind, sulxlue, demolish.

coutumeliosus,

um,

ivraiif/ling, insidi,

importunity.
iniercourse.

conturbatio, onis, F., confusion. conturbo, i, to disiurb, confuse,

emlxirrass, dislract.

[vivo,] messmufe, familiar friend. convictus, [vinco,] proved.

m.,

convictio, onis, convictor, oris,

F.,

convictus,

iis,

m., tiving together.

3,

convinco,
vicf,

vici, vict-,

to

con-

conturmalis, e, of one squadron. contu3, i, M., /)ole, long staff.

contiisio, onis,
f
f.,

convince, prevail, conquer.

3,
ae,

bruising.

conviso, conviva,

consider, examine.

c, guest, companion.
banquet.
live

coniibium=connubium, loet^/oc/i".
conus,
i,

N., cone, crest, tip.

convivium, i, n., convivo, xi, 3, to

convivor,
i, I,

or feast with.

convador, i, to cife, summon. convalesco, valui, 3, getstrength. convallis, is, F., an enclosed valieg. convaso, i, to pnck baggage.
convectio,
getlier.

convoco,

tofeasf, revel. assemhle, call together.

ivrapj
to-

convolo, l, fly (ogether. convolvo, vi, volut-, 3,

(/eiJier, roll

.onis,

f,,

bringing

to-

round, heap.

convecto,

-veho,

xi, ot, 3, con-

veg, briiig together, fefch. in.

convolvulus, i, M., caferpillar. convulnero, i, to ivoun.d severely. convulsus, [vello,] ivrenched.

cobperio, ui, ert-, 4, to cover up. coopto, I, choose, admit, elecL
codrior, ortus,

convector,

oris, M., fellow-passen-

ger, gatherer (of grain &c.).

conveilo, velli, vuls-, 3, to wrench, tear away, pluck up, rend.

copa,

ae, f.,

4, arise, appenr. tavern-dancer.

cophinus
j-

Corybantius.
cornix, icis, f., crow, rook. cornu, us (u), n., horn, point,

43

cophiuus,

i,

M., basket.

copia, 86, F., abundance, zvealth, multUude; pl. supplies, troops. copiose, abundantiy.

tip

(as of spar), bow, cone (of hehnet), iwof iving (of an army).

copiosus,
copis,
f f
is,

a,

um, plentiful,
rich,

copious.

f copis, idis, F., cutlass.

cornus, i, cornutus,
corolla,

f.
a,

-um,

i,

n., cornei.

um,

c,

abounding.

86, F.,

horned. garland.

c5po=caupo,

inn-keeper.

coprea (as), ae, m,, a dirty jesier. copta, 86, F., cake, biscuit. copula, ee, F., cord, band, ieash. copulatio, oiiis, F., binding. copulo, I, to coupie, join, cement. coqua, 86, F., a cook. coquina, 86, F., kitchen, cookery.
coquino, i, to cook. coquo, xi, ct-, 3, to cook, hurn, coquus, i, M., a cook.
cor, cordis, N., heart, mind. f cora, 86, F., j^uj^ii of the eye.
f coralium,
f
i,

corollarium, i, N., ivreath, gift. corona, 86, F., crown, ivreath, throng. coroneola, ae, f., musk-rose. Coronis, idis, F., d. of Phlegyas,

vex.

mother of -^^Lsculapius. corono, i, to crown, wreathe. corporeus, a, um, bodily, Jieshiy. corporo, i, to embody. corpulentu.^a, a, um, of gross body. corpus, oris, n., body, Jlesh, person. corrado, si, sum, 3, scrape together.
correctio, onis, F. straightening. corrector, oris, m., improver.

N., recl corai.

correpo,

psi, 3, to creep, sneak.

F., seizing.

coram, openiy ;
corax,

in ^^resence of. acis, m., raven^ crow.

correptio, onis,

corbis, is, d., basket. corbita, 86, F., ship of burden.

corrigia, 86, f., shoe-string. corrigo, rexi, rect- [rego,]

set rigJit, sfraigJUen, correct.

3, to

corbula,

86, f., littie basket.

corculum, i, Corcyra6us,

N., sweetheart.

a, um, of the I. Corcyra (Corfu), near Epirus. cordatus, a, um, ivise, prudent. f cordax, acis, M., a wantoii dance.

corripio, ui, rept-, [rapio,] 3, seize, snafcJt, piunder, reproacJi, attack. corrivo, i, to draw togetJier.

cordolium, i, Cordubensis,

n., heart-sorrow.
e,

corroboro, i, \x6bvLri\strengtJien. corrodo, si, sum, 3, to gnaw. corrogo, i, get togetJier by asking. corrotundo, 3, to round off.
^

of Corduba {Corlate-l)orn.

dova), in S. Spain.

corriida, corriigo,

ae, f., ivild

i, to

asjxiragus.
to cor-

wrinkle.
3,

cordus=chordus,
Corfinium,
i,

corrumpo,

riipi, rupt-,

n.,

a fortified town
leatlier
;

of Central Italy. coriarius, a, um, of

tanner, currier.

rupt, poliute, bribe, destroy, spoii. corruo, ui, 3, fail to pieces, gatJier.

M., a

corruptela, 86, F., corruption, brihe. [rumpo,] corruptor, oris, M.

spoiler, corrupter.

Corinthius,
urious
;

a,

um,

Corinthian, iux-

ses,

a costly bronze.

Corinthus, i, F., Corinth, on the Isthmus of Greece, taken by

Corsus, a, um, of the I. Corsica, W. of Italy. cortex, icis, D., sJieii, Imli, bark.
cortina,
86, f., kettle, vat, tripod.

Mummius,

B.c.

146.

corium, i, n., hide, husk, thong. corneolus, a, um, horn-like. corneus, a, um, ofhorn, or cornei.
cornicen, cornicor,
inis, m., horn-blower.
i,

corulus=corylus, Jmzel. c6rus=caurus, N. W. wind.

corusco, I, sJiaJce, gleam, brandish. coruscus, a, um, glittering, ivaving. corvus, i, M., raven, croiv, grapple. Corybantius, a, um, of the priests of Cybele (Corybantes).

chafter (as rooks).

corniger, era, um, horned. cornipes, edis, hoofed (horse).

44

Corycius

crocio.

Corycius, a, um, of Corycof^, a coast town and cave in Cilicia. fcorydalus, i, m., crested lark.
f f

credulus, a, um, easy of helief. crematio, onis, f., hurning. Cremera, ae, f., a stream of Etruria where the Fabii perished. cremina, orum, n., hrushwood. cremo, i, fo hurn, consume. Cremona, ae, f., a town on the Po. cremor, oris, m., hroth, j)orridge.

corylus,

i,

m., hazel.
i,

corymbus,

m., cluster.

f corytos, i, m., quivej^ arrow. oos, cotis, F.,Jiint, ichetstone.

f f

cosmeta,

ae, m.,

adorner.

costa,

ce, F., rih, side, rcall.

costum, i, N., an aromatic plant. fcothurnus, i, m., huntimj-hoot,

huskin, lojhj or tragic style.

cottabus, i, m., clap, stroke. cottana, ae, f., a small fig. coturnix, icis, f., quail. f cotyla, ee, f., about a pint. Cous, a, um, of Cos, a small I. in the yEgean. covinus, i, m., war-chariot. coxa, ae (-endix, icis), f., hip, bend. crabro, onis, f., hornet.
f

creo, I creafe, begef, elecf, produce. creper, era, um, douhffid, dark. crepida, se, f., shoe-sole or last. crepido, inis, F., hrink, hase. f crepis, idis, f., slipper. crepito, i, crackle, rumhle, tinkle. crepitus, us, m., clashing, crashing. crepo, ui, it-, i, to clatter, resound.
,

crepundia,

n., p\. j)layfhi7igs,ratfle.

pl.,

crepusci, orum, m.

of

ticilight.

crepusculum,
;

i,

n., twilight,

dusk.

Cres, -etis, m. Cressa, se, f., Cretan. cresco, crevi, cret-, 3, grow, appear, increase, multiply. creta, se, f., chcdk. Creta, ae, (-te, es), f., Candia, a large island S. of the ^gean.

f f

crambe, es, F., cahhage. cranium, i, n., skull.

ae, f., drunkenness. cras, to-morroio. crassamen, inis (-tum, i), n., dregs. crasse, rudely, dimly.

crapula,

Cretaeus
e,

(-ticus), a,

um

-tensis,

crassitudo, inis, f., thickness. crasso, i, to fhicken. crassus, a, um, thick,gross,clumsy. Crassus, M. Licinius, the triumvir, d. in the Parthian War, b.c. 53. crastinus, a, um, oj' to-morrow. f crater, eris, era, eras, m. ; -era, ee,
f., bofd, pail, hasin.
(is), is, f., hasket-icork, harrow, hnrdle; p\.,Jascines, gahions. creatio, onis, f., creating. creator, oris, m., creator, founder. creatrix. tricis, f., mother.

Crefan ; taurus, fhe Minotaur. cretatus, a, um, chalked.

cretio, onis,
f., esfate,

inheritance.

cretura, ae, F., hran. cretus, [cresco,] descended; [cerno,] siftcd, decided. Creiisa, ae, Trojan wife of JEneas.

cribrum, i, N., sieve, strainer. crimen, inis, -^.,jiulgment, criminal

charge, rej)roach, fault, crime.

crates

criminatio, onis, F., accuscdion. criminor, i, fo charge, accuse.

criminosus,

a,

um,

accusatory.
tail.

creatura, ae, f., creature. creber, bra, um, thick, close, ahoundhif/, frequent, numerous.

crinalis, e, of the hcdr. crinis, is, m., haii', comeCs crinitus, a, um, hairy.
f crisis, is, f., decision,

C7'isis.

crebresco, 3, thicken, incredse. cvehro, frequenfly, close fogether.

credibiiis,
e, credihle, likely.

creditor, oris, m., one who

trusts.

creditum,

i,

N., loan, a^edif.

crispo, i, fo curl, roughen, brandish. crispus, a, um, crisp, curled, wrinkled, waving, quivering. crista, ae, f., crest, comh, plume. cristatus, a, um, crested.
M.,criHc. f criticus, a, um, crificcd; croceus (-inus), a, um, of saffron.

credo, didi,

dit-,

3, lend,

intrust,

confde, helieve. credulitas, atis,

f., credulity.

crocio,

4, fo

croak (as a raven).

crocodilus

cunctanter.
cucuUus, um,
cuculus,
i,

45
hood, cap, wrapper.

f f

crocodilus, i, M., crocodile. crocota, bb, f., saffron rohe. -um, n., saffron. f crocus, i, M. Crcesus, i, k. of Lydia, conquered by Cyrus, b.c. 546.
;

M., cuckoo.
i,) m., cucumber. gourd, cup. crow.

cucuma,
cucumis,

ae, f., kettle, bath-tub.

eris, (im,
se, f.,

cucurbita,

crotalia,

orum,
i,

N. ear-rhujs.

ciiciirio, 4, to

crotalum,

N., rattle, bell, castanet.

Ci-oto, onis,

c, Crotona, a Greek
;

town of S. Italy. cruciatus, iis. m. -mentum,

i,

N.,

ciido, di, sum, 3, to hammer, coin. ciido, onis, m., a leather skull-cap. ciijas, atis, whose? ichence? cujus, a, um, tvhose (gen. of quis).

torlure, tornient, miseri/, ruin.

cujusmodi, of
culcita,
ciileus,
i,

lohat sort.

crucifer, feri, M., ihe cro-^s-bearer.

se, F., inattress, bed,

cushion.

crucio,

I, to

torment,

ajfllct,

crucify.

m., bag, a li(pdd measure.

f., F.,

criidelis, e, cruel, harsh, Jierce.

crudelitas, atis,

f., crueltij.

culex, icis, culigna, ee,

culina,

gnat, mosquito.
bowl.
kitchen.

crudesco, dui,
violent, bad.

3,

grow raw, hard,

se, f.,

cruditas, atis,

F., indigestion.

culmen, culmus,

inis, N., top, ridge.

i,

M., stalk, straw, stem.

crudus,

a,

um,
a,

raw, bloodj, harsh.

cmento,
cruentus,

i, to

stain,

make

bloody.

um,

hloodij, fierce.

culpa, se, F., Jault, crime, mischief. culpatus, a, um, blamable, guilty. culpo, I, to blame, condemn.
cultellus, i, M., little knife. culter, tri, m., knife, cutter. cultor, oris, M. ; -trix, tricis,
tiller,

crumena, de,.,purse, monej-pouch.

cruor, oris, m., spilt blood, gore. criiralis, e, ofthe leg.
criirifragius, a,

F.,

um,

broken-legged.

dweller, tvorshipper, helper.

crus, criiris, N., leg (below the knee), shin. crusta, ae, f., ice, crust, stucco.

cultura, ae, F., tillage. cultus, [colo,] tilled, adorned. cultus, iis, M., care, culture, ornament, luxury, splendor, dress.

crusto,

to plaster, encrust.

crustulum, i, N., confectionery. crustum, i, N., crust, pastry. Crustumeria, ae, f., an old Sabine town, on tlie Etrurian border.
crux, crucis, f., cross, torment. vault, cell. f crypta, ee, F., um, of crystal. f crystallinus, a, (-um, N.), crystal, f crystallus, i, m. crystal vase, gem: ice cubicularius, a, um, 0/ the cham;

culuUus,

i,

M., bowl, pot.

cum,

(abl.) roith,

among.
. . .

cum=quum, when, since, though; and. tum, hoth cum

. .
.

Ciimaeus, a, \\m, of Cumoi, a coasttown near Naples ;, Cumsea

virgo,
tlte

Sihyl.

-cumbo, cubui,
ciimatilis,

cubit-,
:

e, bluisk
;

n.,
i,

cumera,

ae, f.

-um,

to lie down. a garment. n., a meal-

ber

m., body-servant.
i,

tuh, bin, chest (for grain).

cubiculum,
f

N.,

bed-chamber.
cubic.

cumprime

(is),

especially.

cubicus,

a,

um,

cubile, is, n., couch, bed, chamber. cubital, alis, N., elbow-rest. cubitalis, e, a cubit long or high.

cubito,

I, to lie
i,

down

often.

cubitum,

N.,

elhow,

bend, cubit

or ell (18 inches). cubitus, iis, m., lying down, bed. cubo, ui, it-, I, lie down, sleep.
f

[-cumque, -ever. cumulate, ahundantly. cumulatim, in heaps. cumulatus, a, um, full, complete. cumulo, I, to heap, pile, amass. cumiilus i, N., heap, pile, mass. ciinabula, orum, N., cradle, origin. cunae, arum, f., cradle, nest. cunctans, tis, dilatory.
cunctanter, Ungeringly,
slowly.

cubus,

i,

M., cube, die.

46

cunctatio

Cydonia.
currax, acis, diligent, quick. curriculum, i, N., race-course, car. curro, cucurri, curs-, 3, to run.

cunctatio, onis, f., clekui. cunctator, oris, u., delayer : a name of Fabius the dictator, who baffled Haimibal, b.c, 213 cunctor, i, to delmj, linger. [-209. cunctus, a, um, //, whole. cunealis, e, wedgelike.

curruca=eruca,
tvorm.

ae,

f.,

canker-

currus,

iis,

m., car,

waggon, chariot.

cursim,

hastily, speedily.
f.,

cuneatim, icedge-formed. cuneo, I, to icedge,fasten. cuneus, i, m., wedge, seat

atre),

(in the-

column (of troops). cuniculus, i, m., rabhit, burrow. cunila, ae, f., pennyroyal (?).
ciinio, 4, to dejile.

running. [curro,] run about. cursor, oris, m., runner. cursiira, ae, F., running. cursus, iis, M., running, course. curto, I, to shorten.

cursio, onis,

curso

(-ito), I,

curtus,
-ever.

a,

um,

short, hroken.

[-cunque=-cumque-,
ciipa,
ae, f., tub,

curiilis, e,

cask, crank.

of a chariot; sella, the chair of state (used by consuls,

cupedia or ae, pl., dainties. cupedo, inis, f., dcuntiness.

cupella, se

praitors,

and curule
inis, N.
;

ediles).

curvamen,

-tiira, ae, F..

-um, i, n., cup. ciipes, edis, u., dainty-felloio.

;

bending, arch, vault.

cupide, eageriy, p)assionately. cupiditas, atis, f., eagerness, longing, ararice, pai^ty spirit.

curvo, I, to bend. curvor, oris, m., crookedness. curvus, a, um, crooked, bent.
cusor, oris,
m.,

[cudo,] coiner.

cupido, inis, f., eager desire. cupidus, a, um, cager, desirous,

fond, devoted, greedy.

cuspidatus, a, um, pointed. cuspido, I, to ])oint, shcwpen.

cu.spis, idis, F., specu^-p)oint, lance,
spit, sting.

cupiens, tis, longing, eager. cupio, ivi, it-, 3, to desire, favor. f cupressus, i, f., cypress. cupreus (-inus), a, um, of copper.

custodia,

se,

f.,

custody, guard,

guard-^iouse, priso7i.

cuprum,

i,

n.,
f.,

ciipula, ae, cur, ichy.

copper. tub, crcmk.

custodio, 4, to guard, keep. custos, odis, m., keeper, guard.

cutis,
is, F., skin,

rind.

ciira, ee, f., care, grief.

curatio, onis
cure,

-tiira, ae, F.,

care,

management.

ciirator, oris, m., overseer. curculio, onis, f,, iceevil.

Cyaneae, arum, f., the Symplegades. f cyaneus, a, um, bright hlue. f cyanus, i, m., blue-bottle (flower). f cyathus, i, m., drinking-cup. cybaeus, a, um, of a large ship. Cybele, es, a Phrygian goddess.
f

Cures, ium,

m.,

a Sabine town.

cybium,

i,

n.,

tunny

(fish).

Ciiretes, um, an ancient people of Crete, vorshippersof Zeus. ciiria, ae, f., the court, senate-house, vard (the patrician assembly). ciirialis, e, of the court or ivard. curiatus, a, um, of the curiae. ciirio, onis, m., priest ofcuria. curio. onis, m., lean, tvasted. ciiriosus, a, um, careful, nice, curious, eager, lean, wasted. curis, is, f., spear.

Cyclades, um, f., islands of the /F.'^gean, around Delos.

f cyclas, adis, f., tvomcm^s robe. cyclicus, a, um, circulcu\

Cyclops, opis, a savage race of Sicily and elsewhere workmen

;

of Vulcan, forgers of thunderbolts under Mt. Etna. f cyclus, i, m., circle.

curo,

I,

carefor, cure, manage.

cydonia, ae, f., quince. cydonites, ae, m., cjuince-ivine. Cydonia, ae, f., a town of Crete.

cygneus
cygneus,
f
a, um, of a sican. cygnu-s (cycnus), i, u., swan. cylindrus, i, m., c//lmder, roUer. Cyllene, es, f., a mt. of Arcadia, birthplace of Mercury. sprout. f cynaa, se, ., (atis, N.,)

Daimus.
fdsedalus
(-eus), a,

47

um,

elegant,

artificial, skilfuL

Dsedalus, i, myth. architect of the Cretan Labyrintli.

f

daemon, onis, m., spirit, evih/enius.

I j

cymatilis=cumatilis,

hluisli.

Dahae, arum, a Scythian tribe. Dalmatae, arum, people of Dalmatia, the dist. on tlie eastern coast of the Adriatic.

cymatium, i, M,, wave-iuork. I cymba, se, F., hoat, skljf'. cymhal. t cymbalum, i, N.,

fcymbium,
cymbula, cymosus,
f f
f

i,

N., hoat-like cup.

dama, ae, C, falloio-deer. Damascenus, a, um, of.Damascus,

an ancient city of Syria. damnatio, onis, F., condemnation. damnatus, a, um, criminal.

se, ., little hoat.

a, vlvo., full a,

of

sJioots.

cynicus,

um,
i, i,

currish, cynic.

I cynocephalus,

m., dog-head ape.

damno,

i,

to

condemn, sentence,
j^^rodi-

cynosbatos,
cynosiira,
i,

n., sweethrier.

ae, f., pole-star.

adjudge, prosecute. damnosus, a, um, harmful,

gal, lafortunate.

a mt. of Delos, birthplace of Apollo. f cyparissus, i, F., cypress. rush. f cyperos, i, m., a kind of

Cynthus,

m.,

damnum,

i,

n., Ioss,

harm.

dane, [do,]

givest

cyprinum, i, n., cypress-oil. Cyprius, a, um, Cyprian; ofcopper. Cyprus, i, f., a large island S. of
Asia Minor. f cypselus, i, m., marten.

Danae, es, myth. d. of Acrisius, mother of Perseus. Danai, orum, poetic name for the
Greeks, in the siege of Troy.

Cyrenaeus (-aicus), a, um, of Cyrene, a Greek town on the

African coast,

W.

of Egypt.

Danaides, um, the 50 daughters of Danaus, who slew their husbands in one night. Danaus, i, myth. founderof Argos, a colonist from Egypt.
f danista, se, M., usurer. Danubius, i, m., the upper

Cyrneus, a, um, Corsican. Cyrus, i, the Great, founder of the

Persian empire, b.c. 559; the Younger, who perished at Cunaxa, B.c. 400.

Daphne,
loved
f

es,

Danuhe. myth. d. of Peneus,

l}y

Apollo.

Cy thereus
era,

(-

eius), a,

um, of Cytliof Greece, f., Venus.

daphne, Daphnis,

es, f., hay, laurel.

an island

S.
;

sacred to cytisus, M.

Venus

F., clover, trefoil.

Cytorus,

i,

Cyzicum,

i,

a mt. of Paphlagonia. a town of Mysia.

D.

D, the prcKn. Decimus; num., 500.

dabula

(dabla),

ae, f.,

date-palm.

idis, son of Mercury, inventor of pastoral verse. dapis, ( 14, I, 2\ food, feast. dapsilis, e, hountiful, sumptuous. Dardanius (f., -nis), Trojan. Dardanus, i, myth. ahcestor of the royal race of Troy ;^ adj., Trojan : also, a people of Servia. Dariiis (eus), i, name of several kings of Persia, the last being conq. l^y Alexander, b.c. 333. c, rahhit, hare. f dasypiis, podis,

Dacia, ae, F., the country on the lower Danube adj. Dacus.
;

datatim, hy

giving.

name of f dactylus,i, m., {finyer,) a kind of date, mussel, yrass, &c. ;

the foot dactyl
(

datio, F., giving, surrender, dator, oris, M., giver.

dato,

I, to

give away.
k.

79,

5).

Daunus,i,'myth.

of Apulia.

48
de,
o/,

de
from,
during,

decuria.
deciduus, a, um, lopped, cut off. decies (ens), tea times. deci-(decu-)manus, a, um, of the
tenth, tithe^, &.c.
;

concerning,
to, at.

downfrom, according

[de-, down, awag, utterly.

dea, ae, abus, f., goddess. dealbo, i, to whitewash, plaster.

porta,
;

the niain

deambulo, i, to ivalk, stroll. deamo, i, to love dearly, he in

deartuo, i, deascio, i, deauratus,
to to a,
i,

entrance (of camp) and-west iine.

linies, easi-

love.

dismember. smoothe over, chouse.

decimus (umus), a, um, tenth. decipio, cepi, cept- [capio,] 3,

calcli, cheaf, deccive, hcguile.

to

um,
to

gilded.

decipula,

se, f.,

snare, trap.
decision, setilc-

debaochor,

nive out. debellator, oris, m., conqueror. debello, i, suhdue, vanquish, fnish
th.e

decisio, onis,

f.,

nicnt, agreeinent, diininishing.

decisus, [decido,] decided.

f., speaking, loud deciamation, essay. declamo (-ito), i, declaim, hluster. declaratio, onis, f., disciosure. declaro, i, to infd^e manifest. declinatio, onis, F., turning aside. declinatus, u^, m., avoidance. declinis, e, re realing (as tide). declino, i, hend aside, avoid. declivis, e, s\oj)ing downward. declivitas, atis, f., deciivity. decoctio, onis, -f., hoiiing down.

war,fig]it out.
it-, 2, to

dclamatio, onis,
taik,

debeo, ui,

owe ; ought, must.

debilis, e, weak, laine, frail. debilitas, atis (-tatio, onis), f., infirmity, wcakness. debilito, i, to weaken, lame, cripple.

debitor, oris, m., debtor. i, n., debL deblatero, i, habbie, pra:e.

debitum,

decanto, i, chant, repeal, cease. decanus, i, m., cliief of ten. decaulesco, 3, grotv to s!alk. decedo, cessi, cess-, 3, to deparl,
cea^e, disappear, yield, die.

decoctor, oris, m., hankriipt. decoctus, [coquo,] hoiled down.

decem, ten. December, bris, m., December. decempeda, ge, f., surveyor^s pole,
(10 feet).

decoUo,

i, hehead, take neck, roh, deprive.

from

tke

decemplex,

icis, tenfold.
ll.-:'

decemviralis, e, of decemvirs. decemviri, orum, m., Board of ten ; the Commission which prepared tiie XII. Tables, u.c. 450. decennis (-alis), e, of ten years. decens, tis, decent, hecoming. decentia, ae, f., comeliness, decency. deceptus, [decipio,] deceived. decerno, crevi, cret-, 3, to decree,
(("'ermiiie, resolve,

decolo, I, trickle away,fail. decolor, oris, discoiored, degenerae. decol5ro, i, discoior, disfigure. de-coquo, 3, hoil away, loaste, fail. decor, oris, M.,grace, heauty, charm. decoris, e, adorned, eiegant. decoro, i, adorn, embeUish, heautif/. decortico, i, to pee\, hark. decorus, a, um, hccoming, gracefid,
hcaulifui; K.,filness, decoruin.

decrepitus,

a,

um,

[crepo,] de3,

crepit (noiseless),

contend.

decresco, crevi, cret-,

decrcase,
\esseii.

diminish,

decerpo,

psi, pt-, [carpo,] 3, pluck ojf, crop, ga'h.er, enjoy.

m.,

decretorius,

a,

um,

decisive.

decerto, i, conlend, strive. decessio, onis, f. -sus, U3,

;

decretum
deculco,

i,

I,

[cerno,] decree. trainple down.

N.,

departure, disappearing, decrease. decet, decuit, 2, it is fit, hecoming.

decumbo, cubui, 3, fidl, lie down. decumus=decimus, tenth.

decunx,
decuria,
cis, m., 10
ae, F.,

decido, cidi, 3, to fai\,fai\., die. decido, cidi, cis-, 3, c.ut qff, decide. deciduus, a, um, falling ojf.

ounces {v. as). hody of 10 men,

ciass. division.

decurio

degredior.
deferve-facio, 3, hoil thoroughly. deferveo, 2 -vesco, vi (bui), 3, to hoil thoroughly ; cool down, allay. defessus, a, um, tired out. defetiscor, fessus, 3, togrow iveary. deficio, feci, fect- [facio,] 3, to
;

decurio, onis, m., captain of ten, or of a squadron of cavalry (32). decurio, i, diiude (by decuriae). de-curro, 3, fo run do/cn, advance. decursio, onis, F. -sus, us, m., runninfi down, advance, evolution, decus, oris, n., ornanient, diynity,
;

honor,

(flory, cliarni.

decussis, is, asses; the

m., [as,]

coin of 10

mark Xcut
ci-ossivise.

decusso,

I, to

decutio, cussi, cuss-, [quatio,] to beat do/vn or ojf. dedecet, cuit, 2, it misbecomes.

3,

fail, ronove, desert, cease. defigo, xi, xuni, 3, to set,fx, plant. defingo, uxi, 3, to shape,fashion. definio, 4, to limit, explain, determine, fix, finish. definitio, onis, f., houndary, expla-

nation, dejinition.

definitus,

a,

um,

distinct, precise.

dedecor, 5ris, unseemly, dedecorus, a, um, sliameful. dedecus, oris, n., disgrace, disJionor.
dedicatio, onis, f., consecration. dedico, i, dedicate, devote. dedignor, i, disdain, refuse. dedisco, didici, 3, unlearn. dediticius, a, ura, of surrender
M., prisoner of ivar. deditio, onis, f., surrender. deditus, a, um, addicted, devoted. dedo, dedidi, dedit-, 3, to sur-

de-fio, [-ficio,] tofail, cease, lack. defixus, a, um, \fi^o,\fastened. deflagratio, onis, f., conflagration. deflagro, i, to hurn up, destroy. deflecto, xi, xum, 3, hend, turn off. defleo, evi, et-, 2, htwail, deplore. deflexus, lis, m., turning aside. deflo, i, to hlow aivay, or clear. defloccatus, a, um, haldpate. defloresco, rui, 3, tvither, decay.

dedoceo, 2, dedoleo, ui,

dedolo,
i,

render, yield, apply, devote. to unteach. 2, cease grieving.

to

hew smooth.
ct-,
3,

dediico, xi,

to

hring down,

ivithdraw, conduct, spin out.

deductio, onis,

out, f., leading quartering (of troops), expulsion.

deductor,

oris, m., altendant.

deerro, i, stray away, go aslray. defaeco, i, clear from dregs,purify.

defatigatio, onis, f., exhaustion. defatigo, i, to iveary out, exhaust. defatiscor, 3, languish, get weary.

xum, 3, toflow down, or away, vanish, disappear. defluus, a, um, flowing, falling. defodio, fodi, ifoss-, 3, dig, hury. defore, [desum,] will he wanting. deformis, e, ugly, niisshapen. deformitas, atis, f., ugliness. deformo, i, to shape out, disfgure. defossus, [fodio,] dug, huried. defraudo, i, to cheat, defraud. defrico, cui, -cat (ct-), i, ruh hard. defringo, fregi, fract-, [frango,] 3, hreak off, or to p)ieces. defrutum, i, n., hoiled must (of
defluo, xi,
_grapes).

defugio, fugi,

3, to

defector, oris, m., revoUer. defectus, [delicio,] enfeehled. defectus, iis, m. -tio, onis,
;

defunctus,
f.,

a,

um,

shun, ivithdraw. fnished, quit,

served out, dead.

revolt,failure, eclipse.

defendo,

di,

sum,

3,

ward

off,

de-

fend, maintain, claim, allege. clefensio, onis, f., defence.

defundo, fiidi, fiis-, 3, pour out. defungor, funct-, 3, fulfl, finish. degener, eris, hase, ignohle. degenero, i, to degenerate, dishonor.
degero, 3, to carry off. deglubo, pt-, 3, to peel, strip. dego, degi, [ago,] 3, to lead, spend. degravo, i, iveigh down, overpower. degredior, gress-, 3, to go doion.

defenso

(-ito), i,

defend,

ward

off.

defensor, oris, m., averter, defender. defero, tuli, lat-, 3, to hear doum.
drive, convey, deliver. report

60

degusto

demessus.
delicatus,
a,

degusto, I, to taste, lap, try. dehaurio, hausi, haust-, 4, to

swallow.

um,

dainty, luxurious'

sJcim,

deliciae,

arum,
i,

f., delight,

darUng.

delictum,

n., fault, crime.

dehinc, lienceforth, Tiereupoyi, next. dehisco, hivi, 3, to yawn, gape open.

deligo, I, fo hind fast. deligo, legi, lect-, [lego,]

out, select,

3,

choose

dehonestamentum, i,

n., dishonor.

send away.
up.

dehonesto, i, to dis/iouor. dehortor, i, to dissuade. Deianira, ae, wife of Hercules. Deidamia, sb, mother of Pyrrhus.
dein, then, nioreover.

delingo,

3, to lick

delinio, 4, soofhe, appease.

delinquo,

liqui, lict-, 3, fail, lack, neglecf. transgress, offend.

f., clarifying.

deliquatio. onis,

deinceps, thereupon, next. deinde, then, secondbj, afterward. deinsuper, from above. Deiphobus, i, a son of Priam.
dejectio, onis, f. ; -tus, iis, M., casting down. dejectus, [-jicio,] downcast. dejero, [juro,] fo swear outright. dejicio, jeci, ject-, [ jacio,] 3, cast down, drive out, deprive.

deliquesco,

licui, 3, melt, dissolve, deliquiae, arum, f., gutters.

deliquium, i, n., lackjault, dropping. deliquo, i, sfrcun, clear, pour off.

deliquus,
a, um, xvanting, laclingo deliramentum, i, n., nonsense.

deliratio, onis,

f.,

giddiness, folly.

delirium,

i,

n.,

madness.

deliro, i, fo rave, dote, haidk. delirus, a, um, crazy,fooUsh.

dejungo,
dejuro,
i,

3, disjoin, iini/oke.

delitesco,

litui, 3, [iateo,] lie hid,

swear

outright.

hirl\ skulk, fake refuge.

dejuvo, i, withhold help. delabor, laps-, 3, slip or fall down. delacero, i, tear to pieces. delapsus, us, m., descent.
delasso,
i, to

Delius,

a,
i,

um, of Delos

(Apollo).

Delos,

loeary out.

an I. in the ^Egean, birthpl. of Apollo and Diana. Delphi, oruni, a town of Phocis, famous for an oracle of Apollo.
F.,

delatio, onis, f., infonnation. delator, oris, m., accuser, informer. delectabilis, e, delightful. delectatio, onis, f., delight, pleasure, aniusement.

delphin, inis; -nus,

i,

m., dolphbi.

delubrum,

i,

n., shrine, temple.

,

deluctor (-to), i fo sfruggle, wrestle. deludo, si, sum, 3, deceive, mock,

disappoint, jylay out.

delecto, i, to delight, allure. delectus, [deligo,] chosen. delectus, iis, m., choice, levy. delego, I, depute^ assign, ascrihe.

delumbo,
deluto,
I,

i,

to

lame, bend, weaken.

deliisio, onis, f., cheat, deceit.

hedauh with clay.

deienimentum,
ress, cJiarm.

i,

n.,

comfort, ca-

delenio, 4, to soothe, charm, icin. deleo, evi, et-, 2, blot out, destroy. deletor, oris, M., destroyer. Delia, ae, Diana (born in Delos). deliberatio, onis, f., iveighing, cons idcring,

demadesco, madui, 3, get ivet. demadidus, a, um, drenched. f demagogus, i, m., demagogue. demando, i, commit, intrust. t demarchus, i, m., people^s rider. demens, tis, jnad. raving, tvitless. demensus, [metior,] measured out;
n.,

an allowance,
ae, f.,

ration.

con s ulfation.

deliberativus, a, um, deliberative. deliberatus, a, um, resolved. delibero, i, weigh, discuss, resolve. delibo, i, taste, cull, lessen. delibro, i to peel, sfrip. delibuo, ui, ut-, 3, hesmear, anoint.
,

dementer, dementia, dementio,

ohlige.

foolishly.

madness, folly.

4, to he

mad.
2
;

demereo (-eor), ui,

demergo,
si,

earn, deserve^

sum,

3, to dive, sink.

demessrts, [demeto,] reaped.

demetior

depositio.

51
a,

demetior, mens-, 4, measure out. demeto, messui, mess-, 3, to reap,

inoic, cut.

demigratio, onis,
deniigro,
i,

f.,

emkjration.

ache (of teeth). psi, pt-, 3, to be married. deniido, i, make bare, disclose.
to groio,

dentatus, dentio, 4,

um,

toothed, spiked.

denubo,
depart, remove, migrate.

denuntiatio,

onis, f., declaring,

deminuo,

ui, ut-, 3, lessen.

alfirming, informing.

deminutio, onis, f.,

ening, lessening.

decrease, short-

denuntio
nounce.

(-cio), i, to threaten,

an~

demiror, i, to ivonder greatly. demisse, h umbhj. demissio, onis, f., lowering. demissus, a, um, low, downcast. demitigo, i, to soften down. demitto, misi, miss-, 3, let or hring
down,
let

denuo, again, once more. deonero, i, disburden.

deorsum

(-sus), doivmvard, beloiv.

deosculor, i, to kiss fondly. depaciscor, pact-, 3, bargain for. depalo, I, bound with palings.

go, dismiss.
3, to

demo, mpsi, mpt-,

tvifhdraw, remove.
f

take aioay,

depango, pact-, 3, set, fix, plant. deparcus, a, um, niggardly. depasco, pavi, past-, 3, to feed
feed upon, feed down, consume.
3, to comb, trim. depeciilor, i, to plunder, despoil. depello, puli, puls-, 3, drive away^ cast down, avert, expel. dependeo, 3, hang down, depend. dependo, di, su.m, 3, weigh out, pay, spend, abandon.

democratia, se, f., democracy. demolior, 4, remove, demolish.

F.,

depecto, pex-,

demolitio, onis,
oiit,

destruction.
F.,

demonstratio, onis,

a pointing

exhibition, proof.

demonstrativus, a, um, laudatory. demonstro, i sliow forth, designate, demordeo, mors- 2, to bite off. demorior, mortuus, 3, die, depart. demoror, i, delay, linger, restrain. Demosthenes, is, the Athenian
,

deperdo, depereo,

ii,

didi, dit-, 3, destroy, ruin. 4, to perish utterly.

f., scab.

depetigo, inis,
depilo,
I,

orator, b.c. 385-322.

depexus, [pecto,] combed, trimmed.

p^luck the hair.
3,

demoveo, movi, mot-, 2,putforth,

force back, remove.

depingo, nxi, pict-,

paint out^

demptus, [demo,] jmt away. demulceo, mulct-, 2, soothe, stroke.

describe, portray, conceive.

demum,
demuto,

at length, precisely, indeed,

only, finaUy.
i, to

change,

make

worse.

denarius, a, um, of ten; m., sum of 10 asses (16 cents).

deplango, nxi, 3, hewail, lament. deplanto, I, break off, plant. depleo, evi, 2, empty, pour out. deplexus, a, um, clasping. deploro, i, bewail, lament, complain.
depluit,
it

rains down.
e, featherless, callow.

denego,

deny, refuse, reject. deni, ae, a, ten each, by tens, ten. denigro, i, besmut, blacken. denique, thereupon, finally, in short.
i,

deplumis,
depolio,
aside.

it-, 4, to

polish, fnish.

depono, posui,

posit-,

3,

to

lay

denomino,
denoto,
i,

i, to

to
i,

name, specify. mark, designate.

to

put ojf, deposit, depopulatio, onis, f.,

enlrust.
^^//to^e.

depopulo

(or),

to p)lunder,

devas-

denormo,

make

irregular.

tale, pilhtge.

dens, dentis, m., tooth,prong,fiuke. densitas, atis, f., compactness.

denso,

at-,

-seo, et-,

2, to thicken,

deportatio, onis, F., carrying off. deporto, i, to carry away, fetch. deposco, poposci, 3, to demand,
require, claim, request.

set close,

press together.

densus,

um, thick, close,frequent. dentalia, um, N, pL. ploughshare.

a,

depositio, onis, F., depositing, putting or laying down, testimony.

62
depositum,
i,

depositum
n., pledge, stake.

despero.
derogo, i, repeal, resirict, ahate. deruncino, i trim, smooth, cheat. deruo, ui, 3, pull or fall down. deruptus, [rumpo,] broken, sieej). desacro, i, consecrate, dedicate.'
,

depositus, [pono,] laid out, dying. depreedor, i, to rob, jAunder. depravatio, onis, f., a perverting,
distorting corrupting.

depravo,

i,

to

distort,

disjigure,

desaevio,
clindj

4, to

rage furiously.

corrupt, pervert, deprave.

descendo,

di,

sum, [scando,]

3,

deprecatio, onis,
ging-ojl',

f., entreatTj, heg-

deprecation.

or go down, sink, descend. descensio, onis, F., descent.

deprecator, oris, m., intercessor. deprecor, i, to beg, entreat, plead,

deprecate.

descensus, iis, ward ivay.

descisco, ivi

m.,

desceni,

down-

deprehendo
depressus,

(-prendo), di,

sum,

(ii), it-, 3, alter, depart, get clear.

to revolt,

3, to catch, discover, seize,

confine.

describo, psi,

pt-, 3, ivrite oid, de-

a,

um,

deep,

pressed

scribe, ascribe,

mark
F.,

ojf,

do/cn, crushed,

sunk (as ship).

descriptio, onis,

p>lan,

arrange. copy.

depretio, i, to undervalue. deprinio, pressi, press-, [premo,] 3, to bear down, crush, sink.

deprocul,y/-om afar.

deseco, cui, ct-, i, cut ojf cut out. desero, rui, rt-, 3, to forsake, quii. desertor, oris, m., deserter. desertus, a, um, forsaken, lonely ;
N., waste, deseri.

depromo, prompsi, prompt-,

to

3,

drani forth.

depso, sui, st-, 3, knead, curry. depuber, eris; -is, is, ofunripeage.

depugno,

\,

jight

it

depulsio, onis,

F.,

out, contend. thrusting away.

depulsus, [pello,] driven away. depurgo, at-, i, to cleanse. deputo, I, think, reckon, prune. deque, dowmvard (after susque). dequestus, [queror,] complaining. derado, si, sum, 3, shave, scrape.
derelictus, [linquo,] forsaken.

deservio, 4, ivait, serve zealously. deses, idis, slothjul, idle. desicco, i, to dry up. desideo, sedi, [sedeo,] 2, io sit idle. desiderabilis, e, desirable. desideranter, cagerly. desideratio, onis, F., longing. desideratus, a, um, welcome.

desiderium,
desidero,
desidia,
i,

i,

n., longing, regret.

desire,

longjor ; F.,be

missing, loanling.
ae, F., sloth, idleness.

derelinquo,
neglect,

liqui, lict-, 3, forsake,

abandon.

derepente, suddenly. derepo, psi, 3, to creep down. dereptus, [rapio,] snatched. derideo, si, sum, 2, to laugh
scoff, deride.

at,

deridiculus, a, um, very laughahle. derigesco, gui, 3, groio stijf. deripio, ui, rept-, [rapio,] 3, pluck down, tear away, cast ojf.
derisor, oris, m., jester, 7nocker. derisus, [rideo,] mocked. derisus, iis, m. (-io, F.), derision. derivatio, onis, f., turning away. derivo, i, draw off, convey, divert. derogatio, onis, F., partial repeal. derogito, i, to ask urgently, or often.

desidiosus, a, um, slothjul, idle. desido, sedi, 3, to sink, seitle. designatio, onis, F., arrangement. designator, oris, m., regulator. designo, i, assign,appoint,descrihe. deailio, ui, sult-, 4, io leap down. desino, ivi (ii), it-, 3, cease, desist. desipio, [sapio,] 3, trijle, he foolish.
desisto, stiti, stit-, 3, cease, desisi. desitus, [sino,] ceased, disused. desolo, I to forsake, abandon.
;

despecto, i look down on, overlook. despectus, iis, m., view from above. desperanter, hopelessly. desperatio, onis, f., despair. desperatus, a, um, desperate, hope,

less,

incurable.
i, to

despero,

despair, give

up hope.

depicatus
despicatus, a, um, despised. despicio, exi, ect-, 3, look down ou,
despise, disdaiii, sliun.

devestio.
jcration, renunciation (of gens).

53

detersus, [tergeo,] scoured. detestatio, onis, f., averting, exedetestor,

i, to

despicor, i, despise, disdain. despoliator, oris, m., rohher. despolio, I, to roh, despoil, jAunder.

loathe, ahhor, depre-

cate, curse solemnly.

detexo, xui,
detineo,

xt-, 3,

weave through.

despondeo,

di,

sum,

2,

to hetroth,

ui, tent-, 2, hinder, check,

promise, plechje, yield.

engage, detain.

despumo,
despuo,
destillo,

i, to

skim, clear.
scale, strip, peel.
trickle.

3, spit out, ahlior, reject.

i, to

de-tondeo, 2, to clip, shear. detono, tonui, i, to thunder, cease

raging.

desquamo,
i,

run hy drops,

detorqueo,
twist.

torsi,

tum,

2, to wrest,

destina, ae, f., a stay, prop. destinatio, onis, F., design, resolve. destino, i, determine, intend, resolve, makefast, appoint. destituo, ui, ut-, [status,] 3, to
pface, set, desert, forsake, defraud. destitiitio, onis, f., desertion.

destringo, nxi,
off,

ct-, 3, s^rip,

scrape

detractio, onis, f., withdrawing. detractor, oris, m., slanderer. detraho, xi, ct-, 3, draw away, take from, disparage. detrecto, i, decline, refuse, detract, detrimentum, i, N., loss, damage. detritus, [tero,] ivorn away, or out.
detriido,
si,

unsheathe, graze, censure. destructio, onis, f., demolition. destruo, xi, ct-, 3, destroy, demolish. desub, helow, under, heneath.

sum,

3, to

thrustforth,

dislodge, reduce, defer.

desubito, of a sudden.

desudo,

to

sweat greatly.
3, to disuse.

desue-facio,

detrunco, i, mutilate, hehead. deturbo, i, to thrust or cast doivn. deturpo, i, defile, deface. Deucalion, onis, myth. k. of Thessaly, in the time of the Dekige.

desuesco, evi, et-, 3, disuse, desuetudo, inis, f., disuse.

cease.

deunx,

desultor, oris, m., leaper, vaulter. desultura, ae, f., leaping doicn. desum, deesse, defui, to fail, he wanting or ahsent. desumo, sumpsi, mpt-, 3, pick out.

cis, eleven twelfths (see as). deiiro, ussi, ust-, 3, to hurn, hlast. deus, i, M., ( 10, 7), god, divinity, deiitor, usus, 3, to misuse.

devagor, i, wander. devasto, i, lay waste. deveho, xi, ct-, 3, carry away
go away, descend. devello, velli, vuls-, develo, i, to unveil.
3,

p.,

desuo, 3, tofasten. desnper, from ahove. desurgo, 3, to rise up. detector, oris, m., discoverer. detego, xi, ct-, 3, uncover, discover,
expose, lay harQ, hetray.

pluck

off.

deveneror, i, to worship. devenio, veni, vent-, 4,

down, arrive, happen.

to

come

detendo, sum,
(tents), relax.

3, to unstretch, strike

devenusto, i, disfigure. devergo, 3, hend downward.

deversor, i, iurn aside, lodge. deversorius, a, um, for lodgings,

detentus, [tineo,] kept hack. detergeo, si, sum, 2, wijje

scour, cleanse, strip, hreak.

off,

deterior, deterrimus, icorse, worst. determino, i, fofx hounds, limit. detero, trivi, trit-, 3, to ivear away,
iveidcen, diminish, thresh out.

ftfor lodging ; N., inn. deverticulum, i, N., hy-path,

lodging, refuge, retreat.

inn,
P.,

deverto,

ti,

sum,

3,

turn aside ;

puf up, lodge.

off,

deterreo,

ui, it-, 2,

to

frighten

devescor,
devestio,

3,

feed upon, devour.

dder, p7'evenf, avert.

4, unclothe.

54
devexus,
a,

devexus

diffusus.

um, hending or

sloping

fdicrotum,
ba/iked hoat.

1,

n.,

two-oared
;

or

(l()ionwarc\ sfeep.

devictus, a, um, conquered. devincio, nxi, nct-, 4, to hindfast,

u/il'e closclf/, engaf/e, ohlige.

dictamnus (um), i, m. dittcmy. dictata, orum, n., lesso/is, rules.

dictator, oris, m., Dictator, with absolute power for six months. dictatorius, a, um, dictato/^^s. dictatura, ae, F.. dictatorship. Dictaeus, a, um, Cretan ; of Dicte, a mountain in Eastern Crete.

devinctus, a. um, devoted, attaclied, devinco, vici, vict-, 3, vanquish.

devito, devius,
I,

shun, avoid.

a,

um,
ccdl

out-of-ilie-way.,

re-

tired, inaccessihle, foolish.

devoco,

I,

awag or down.
roll

dicterium,

i,

n., jest.

devolo, I, fli/ down. devolvo, vi, iit, 3, io

do/on
;

or pour

p,, to sink, fall.

i,

dictio, onis, F., speech, delivery. dictito, I, to say or plead often. dicto, I, to say often^ dictate, com-^

devoro,
c/ri(ing.

devotio, onis,

devour, swallow, waste. F., devoting, conse-

devoto, I, dedicate, hewitch, i/woke. devotus, a, um, devoted, attached.

mcmd, ap/wi/it, prescribe. dictum, i, N., loord, sayi/ig, jest. Dido, iis (onis), myth. founder and queen of Carthage.
dido, dididi, didit-,
didiico, xi, ct-,
3, 3, give forth. d/'aw apart, sepa-

devoveo, vovi, vot-,

vo/o, curse, exec/xite.

2, to devote,

rate, dispe/se, dist/ibute.

devulsus, [vello,] plucked off. dextans, tis, m., ten twelftJis {v. as). dexter, tra (tera), um, right, fortunate
;

diecula, ae, f., o/ie little day. dierectus, (uplifted,) go be hanged.

dies, ei
(e),

day

13), daylight.

F., right ha/id.

dexteritas, atis,
teritt/.

F.,

aptness, dex-

diespiter, Jupiter. diffamo, i, defame, publish, report.

diffarreatio, 5iiis, f., divorce. differentia, ae, f., diversity. differo, distuli, dilat-, delay, disperse, publish, defa/ne, differ.

dextrorsum
di (dei, Dia, ae,
f f
f.,

(-sus), to the right.

dii), pl. gods, (

old
i,

name
i,

10, 7). of Naxos.

diabathrum,
diaconus,

N., slipper.

differtus, a,

um,

stuffed, crcmimed.

n., atte/vla/it.

difficile, tvith difficulty.

difficilis, e, difjicult, obsti/iate.

fdiadema,

atis, diade//i.

f diaetas, ae, F.,

JDialis, e,

way oflife, ahode. f dialecticus, a, um, ofdehate.

of Jupiter ;
i,

difficultas, atis, F., trouble, distress. diffidentia, ae, f., distrust.

diffido, fisus, 3, to distrust. diffindo, fidi, fiss-, 3, cleave asunde/',

ethereal.

f dialogus,

M., dialogue.

Diana,

ae,

(Gr. Artemis),
i,

goddess

divide, defer.
3, u/ido, a,

of the

Moon and
N.,
pl.,

diarium,

allowance;

of Hunting. da/fs record or wages.

diffingo, diffisus,
difflo,

mar, make over.

um,

distrustful.

diffiteor, [fateor,]*2, deny, disavow.

j,

um, ope/i-ioo/^k. fdibaphus, a, um, douhle-dyed

f diatretus, a,

blow away.

diffluo,

3,

fow

cd)/'oad, dissolve.

(purple) an office. dic, imper. of dico, say. dica, ae, f., lawsuit. (f)
;

diffringo, ifract-, [frango,] 3, hreak

apa/i., shcittcr.
fiigi, 3, flee away, scatter. diffugium. i, N., disp)ersio/i. diffundo, fudi, fiis-, 3, pour fort/i,

diffugio,

dicacitas, atis, f., pertness, hanter. dicax, acis (-culus), keen, sarcastic. dicis causa, /br/or??^'.'? sake. dico, I, dedicate, devote, proclaim. dico, xi, ct-, 3, say, call, tell, mea/i.

spread, diffase, cheer, u/ihe/id.

diffiisio, onis, F., cheerfulness..

diffiisus, a,

um,

widespread.

digero
digero, gessi, gest-,
tribute,
3,

dirus.

55

dwide, dis-

urrange, dissolve. digestio, onis, arrangement.

digitus (-ulus), i, m., finger, toe, inch, twig, or small hougli. digladior, i fight fiercely. dignanter, courteously. dignatio, onis, F., liolding worthy,
,

dimico, i, tofight, contend. dimidio, i, to halve. dimidius, a, um, half; n., the diminuo, 3, break to pieces.

half.

dimissio, onis, f., sending forth. dimitto, misi, miss-, 3, send forth, let go, dishand, ahandon. dimoveo, movi, mot-, 2, put aside,
divide, disperse, dismiss.

dignity, reputation.

digne, tcorthily. dignitas, atis, f., dignity, lionor. dignor, i, liold icorthy, deign.

Dindymus,

i, (-a, orum), a mt. in Mysia, sacred to Ceres.

dignosco, 3, to distinguish, discern. dignus, a, um, worthy, fit, proper.

digredior, gressus, [gradior,]
;

dinumeratio, onis, f., reckoning. dinumero, i, reckon up, count out.

diSbolaris,
e, ivorth
is,

two farthings.
at

3,

Diomedes,

Greek hero

turn aside, depart. -sus, us, M., digressio, onis, F. departure, separation. dii, deorum, M. pl., gods. dijudico, i,judge, decide, discern.

dijungo=disjungo,

disjoin.

the siege of Troy, s. of Tydeus. Di5ne, es, mother of Venus. Dionysius, i, tyrant of Syracuse, his son and sucB.c. 430-367 cessor, expelled b.c. 344. Dionysus (os), i, the Greek name
;

dilabidus, a, um, perishing. dilabor, lapsus, 3, sUp,fall or melt

aicay, disperse, decay.

of Bacchus.
f-diota, ae, f., ivine-jar. letter. f diploma, atis, N., ofiicial

dilacero, i, tear to pieces. dilanio, i, tear, mangle. dilapido, i, throw away.

dilargior, 4, give lavishly. dilatio, onis, f., delay. dilato, I, expand, extend. dilator, oris, M., delayer. dilatus, [differo,] spread ahroad. dilectus, [diligo,] heloved.

dipondius (um),
f

i, m., two pounds. dipsas, adis, F., viper. diradio, i, spread in rays.

Dirae,

arum,
es,

f., the F.,

Furies.

Dirce,

a fountain near

Thebes^
directo

directio, onis,

(adj. -caeus, a, um). f., straightening.

(te), sfraight, directly.

diligens

tis, attentive, diligent.

directus, [dirigo,] straight-out, level. diremptus, [-imo,] taken away.

direptio, onis, f., pillage. direptor, oris, m., rohber. direptus, [-ripio,] snatched. diribeo, 2, lay apart, sort (votes). dirigo, rexi, rect-, [rego,] 3, guide, straighten, direct, guide, arrange.

diligentia, ae, f., diligence, thrifi. diligo, lexi, ct-, 3, to love, esteem. dilucesco, luxi, 3, dawn, shine.

dilucidus,

a,

um,

clear, evident.

diluculum, i, n., daybreak, dawn. diludium, i, N., respite, intermission.

diluo, ui, ut-, 3, to wash, dissolve, weaken, dilute, remove. dilutus, a, um, watered, taeakened. diluvies, ei, F. -ium, i, N., fiood,
;

dirimo, emi, empt-, [emo,]

3,

to

deluge, inundation, destruction.

part, divide, delay, interrupt. diripio, ui, ept-, [rapio,] 3, plunder, destroy, tear to pieces. diritas,' atis, F., fierceness, mis-

Idimachae, arum, f., dragoons. dimano, i,fiow, spread. dimetior, mensus, 4, measure out. dimeto, i, to mark or stake out.
dimicatio, onis,
F., contest,

dirumpo,

forfune, cruelty, mischief rupi, rupt-, 3, hreak pieces, hurst asunder.

_

to

strug-

gle, battle, encounter.

diruo, ui, ut-, 3, scatter, destroy. dirus, a, um, fierce, dreadful, illhoding; F., pl. evil omens.

56
[dis-, apart^ all apart.

dis

dissensio.
disertus, [dissero,] fluent,eloquent. ^-^ [disf-=diff-. disjicio, jeci, ject- [jacio,] 3, scaitcr, disperse,

Dis, Ditis, a

name

of Pluto.

dis, ditis, rich^ fertile

=dives.

discaveo, 2, beware, keep clear. disoedo, cessi, cess-, 3, departy

forsake, cease, pass aicay. disceptatio, onis, f., discussion. disceptator, oris, m., umpire.

destroy.
f.,

disjunctio,

onis,

separation,

opposition, diversity.

discepto,

I,

dispute, decide, discitss.

3,

disceriio, crevi, cret-,

distin-

disjunctus, a, um, remote. disjungo, nxi, nct-, 3, itnTjoke, separae, remore, icean. dispalor, i, to straggle.

guishy divide, decree. discerpo, psi, pt-, [carpo,] to pull to pneces, scatter, disperse, destroy.

dispando, sum,
disparilis,

3, spfead, expand. dispar, paris, unlike, unequal.

e, unlike.

discessio, onis,

-ssus, us, m., separation, removal.

f.
;

discidium, i,

n., separation, divorce.

disparo, i, separate, differ. dispartio=dispertio, 4, divide. dispello, puli, puls-, 3, drive aimy,
scatter, disperse.

discinctus, a, um, ungirt, slack. discindo, cidi, ciss-, 3, cut asunder, divide, disperse.

dispendium, i, n., cost, damage. dispendo, 3, to weigh out.

dispensatio, onis,
f.,

discingo, nxi, nct-,

cashier, disarm.

3,

to

ungii'dy

management,

charge, superintendence.
discipline^ skill,

disciplina,

ae,

f.,

habit, learning, sgstem.

dispensator, oris, m., manager. dispenso, i, pa?/ out, regulate, arrange, dispense.

discipulus, i, m. (a, ae, f.), learner. discissus, [scindo,] cleft. discludo, si, suni [claudo,] 3, kecp apart, confne, divide. disco, didici, 3, learn.
f discobolus, i, m., quoit-thrower. discolor, oris, parti-colored.

disperdo, didi,
dispereo, dispergo,
scatter.
ii,

dit-, 3, to waste, de-

stroy, spoil, ruin.

4, to be

si,

sum

undone. [spargo,]

3,

dispertio,

4, disti-ihute, divide.

variance, strife. discordo, i, be at variance. discors, dis, discordant, harsh. discrepo, ui, i,jar,disagree,differ. discretus, [cerno,] parted.
ee, f.,

discordia,

dispesco, 3, to divide, separate. dispessus, [pando,] spread out. dispicio, spexi, spect-, 3, discern,
perceive, rejiect on.

discrimen,

inis,

n.,

difference,

crisis, peril, division, decision.

discrimino, i, divide, distinguish. discrucio, i, torment ; p., be vexed. discumbo, cubui, cubit-, 3, recUne (at table), go to bed. discupio, 3, desire greatbj. discurro, cucurri, curs-, 3, mn about, go to andfro, discourse. discursus, iis, n., running about,
con versation, discourse.
f discus,
i,

M., disk, quoit,

roundduh.

discussio, onis, F., shaking, examin a tion, disc uss ion. discutio, cussi, cuss-, [quatio,] 3,
shatter, disperse, frustrate.

displiceo, ui [placeo,] 2, displease. displodo, [plaudo,] 3, spread out. dispono, posui, posit-, 3, set in array, distribute, put in order. dispositio, onis, f., arrangement. dispositus, a, iveU-ordered. dispudet, 2, // shames greatly. dispulsus, [pello,] dispersed. dispungo, xi, 3, balance accounts. disputatio, onis, f., discussion^ debafe, dispute, argument. disputo, i, dispute, debate, tell. disquiro, 3, [quaero,] search out. disrnmpo=dirumpo, to break off^ disseco, ui, sect-, i, cut to pieces. dissemino, i, spread abroad. dissensio, onis, f., disagreement.

um

dissensus
dissensus, us, m., discord. dissentio, si, sum, 4, disagree,
sent, ditfer.

divexo.
apart, divide, perplex, detain.

57

dis-

distinctus, a, um, marked, distinct. distineo, ui, tent- [teneo,] 2, hold

dissepio, psi, pt-, 4, to fence off. dissero, sit-, 3, sow, scatter. dissero, rui, rt-, 3, set apart, discourse, examine, argue, discuss. disserto, i, to discourse, discuss. dissideo, edi, ess- [sedeo,] 2, disCigree, be apart.

distinguo, nxi, nct-,

disto,
I,

3,

to

mark,
adorn.

disti)iguish, part, diversifj,

distorqueo, torsi,
twist, torture.

he distant or apart, differ. tort-, 2, wrench,

dissidium,

i, n., hreacli, discord. dissilio, ui, [salio,] 4, leap or Jiy apart.

distortio, onis, f., lorithing, twisting. distortus, a, um, twisted, deformed. distractio, onis, f., division, discord, seliing in parcels.

distractus,
plexed.

a,

um,

divided, per-

dissimilis, e, unlike. dissimiliter, differenthj.

distraho,

xi, ct-, 3, to

draw

apart,

dissimilitudo, inis, f., unlikeness. dissimulanter, clandestinelg. dissimulatio, onis, f., dissemhUng,
concealing.

divide, perplex, sell in parcels.

dissimulator, oris M., dissembler. dissimulo, i, to conceal, disguise.

dissipatio, onis, f., dispersion, ruin. dissipo, I, scatter, disperse, rout. dissitus, [sero,] scattered, remote. dissocio, I, disjoin, estrange. dissolute, negligentlg. dissolutio, onis, F., dissolving, destroj/ing, ceasing, refutation,frailty.

distribuo, ui, iit-, 3, deal, distrihute. distributio, onis, f., division. districtus, a, um, severe, husy. distringo, nxi, ct-, 3, stretch apart, restrain, occupy, molest.

disturbo, i, confuse,destroy,thwart. ditesco, 3, grow rich.

ditio, onis, f., sway, authority.

ditior, [dis,] richer. dito, I, to enrich.

dissolutus, a, um, loose, careless, dissolvo, vi, solut-, 3, loosen, pay,

dissolve, destroy, refute.

diu, -tius, -tissime, long (in time), long ago, in the day-time. diurnus, a, um, daity, of a day.

dius=divus,
continued.

divine.
a,

diutinus, (-turnus),

um,

long>

dissono, i, disagree. dissonus, a, um, discordant. dissors, tis, of otlier fate. dissuadeo, si, sum, 2, dissuade,
advise against,
resist.

dissuasor, oris, m., opjionent. dissuavior, i, kiss fondly.

dissulto,
I,

diutius, longer, too long. diuturnitas, atis, F., long duration. diva, ae, f., goddess. divalis, e, divine, imperial. divarico, i, to spread asunder. divello, li, vuls-, 3, rend or jjluck
apart, dissolve, destroy.

hurst asunder.

dissuo, 3, umtitch, parl gently. distabesco, bui, 3, melt away.

distgedet, 2, it greatly wearies. distans, tis, differing. distantia, se, F., distance, difference.

divendo,

diverbero,

dit-, 3, sell in parcels. i, strike aparl, divide.

diverbium, i, N., dialogue (of play).

diverse, differently. diversitas, atis, f., difference, coniradiction, disagreement. diversus, a, um, facing different ways, unlike, hostile, apart. diverto, ti, sum, 3, turn aside, separafe, diverge, differ.

distendo,
distentus,

di,

tum,

3,

stretch out,

fll, extend, divide, distract.

a,

um,fuU;
i, to

husy.

distermino,

divide.

distero, trivi, 3, hruise, grind. distinctio, onis, f., difference, separation, distinction, ornament.

dives,

itis,
i,

rich.

divexo,

rend asunder.

58
divi,

divi

dnbitatio.
domesticus,

orum,

pL, gods.
discord, dimsion.

dividia,

ae, F.,

domator=domitor, tamer. a, um, of the

house,

divido,

isi, is-, 3, divide, distrihute,

fiunHiar ; pL, inmaies, servants.

srparate, dif<tin(/uish, hreakthrough.

dividuus,

a,

um,

separate, divisihle.

divinatio, onis, f., divining, prediciing, examination.

diviiiitas, atis, F., divinitg, divinpig. dijrinitus,provide7itiallg,admirahlg.

domicilium, i, N., dwelling, ahode. domina, se, f., misiress, lady. dominatio, onis, F., lo7'dship, tyranny, domuiion, ahsolute power.

dominatus, iis,

m., rule,sovereignty.

dominium,
dorainor,
i,
i,

i,

n.,

property, hanquet.

diviiio,

I, to

divine, foretell.

to rule, be master. n., lord, master,

divinus,

a,

um,

divine, jyrophetic,

dominus,

oumer.

m., diviner. divisio, onis, .,pariition,portion. divisor, oris, m., divider, electioneering agent. divisiira, ae, f., cleft, division. divisus, [divido,] parled.
divitiae,

inspired, admirahle;

domito, I, iame, hreak (as domitor, oris, m. ; -trix,

iumer, conqueror.

cattle).
icis, f.,

domnus=dominus,
12, 2) ;
i,

master.

domo, ui, it-, i, io tame, suhdue. domus, us (i), F., house, homcyfamily (

arum,

f., riches, ipealfh.

;

domi
N.,
gift.

(ui), at

home.

divortium, i, N. [verto,] parling of the waijs, dirorce. divulgatus, a, um, tcide-spread.

divulgo, I, make public. divulsus, [vello,] i, torn apart. divus, a, um, divine; N., the shj sub divo, in the open air. do, dare, dedi, datum, i, give, permit, hesiow, grant, deliver, telL

donarium,

iemple, treasure-

chamber, voiive

donatio, onis,

F., gift,

reward.

donativum,
dono,
f
I,

i,

m., gift, largess.

imiil, while.

donec (donicum),

io give, hesiow,
i,

present.

donum,

n., gifi, voiive offering.

doceo,

ui, ct-, 2, teach,

tell.

docilis, e, teachable. docilitas, atis, f., teachahleness.

doctor, oris, m., teacher. doctrina, ae, F., teaching, leaming. doctus, a, um, learn'ed, skiUed. documentum, i, n., proof pattern. Dodona, ae, f., a city in Epirus, famous for an oracle of Jupiter. dodrans, tis, m., 9 ounccs; ^, (v. as).

dorcas, adis, f., gazelle. Doricus, a, um, poetic for Greek. Doris, idis, a sea-goddess the Sea. dormio, 4, to sleep, he at ease, dormisco, 3, go io sleep. dormito, i, he sleepy, nod.
;

dorsum,

i,

N., hack, slope.

dos, dotis,
dotalis,
e,

iion, qunlity,

douTy, marriage-porendowment. qf dowry.

F.,

dotatus, a, um, well-endoiced. doto, I, to endow.

fdogma,

atis, n., opinion, decree.

fdrachma,

ae, f.,

drachm (coin or

dolabella, ee, f., hatchet. dolabra, ae, f., axe, mattock. dolens, tis, painful. dolenter, ivith pain or grief doleo, ui, it-, 2, to grieve, suffer or
give pain.

weight, about 16 cents). f draco, onis, m., dragon. f drama, atis, m., a drama, play.
f

drapeta,

ae, m.,

runaway.

dromas,

druides,
jar.

um

adis, m., dromedai-]/. (-ae, arum), m., druids,

dolium,

i,

n., cask, tuh,

driipa,

se, F.,

an over-ripe
F.,

olive.

dolo, I, io hew, cudgel, fashion. t dolo, onis, m., staff, sting. Dolopes, um, people of Thessaly. dolor, oris, m., jKun, grief dolosus, a, um, crafty, decitful. dolus, i, M., deceit, crafl, guile.

dryades, um,

Dryopes,
dualis,
e,

ivood-nymphs. people of Epirus. containing iwo.

hesita-

dubitanter, hesiiaiingly. dubitatio, onis, f., doubt,

tion,

uncertainty.

dubito
dubito, [duo,] i, to doubt, waver. dubius, a, um, douUful, wavering,
peri/ous
;

echo.
duresco,

59

n., douht, dancjer.

duceni, ae, a, two liundred each. ducenti, se, a, two hundred. ducenties (-ens), 200 tijnes. duco, xi, ct-, 3, lead, guide, consiruct,

diirui, 3, grow hard. diireta, ee, f., hath-tuh. diiriter, hardly, sternly. diiritas, atis, f., hardness, harsh71CSS.

diiritia, ae, f., hardness, cruelty.

reckon,

endure, protract,
(a wife).

duriusculus, a, um, rather hard. duro, I, harden, inure, endure, stay.

diirus, a,

receive, admit, marry ductim, hy draughts.

um, hard, stern, rude, cruel.

duumviri,

ductio, onis,

f.,

drawing away.
f

pl. n., hoard c)f tico, (on criminal or naval matters).

(-tito), I, lead, deceive, take honie (marry). ductor, oris, M., leader, guide. ductus, us, M., guidance, outline,

ducto

dux, diicis, m., leader, cjuide, chief. dyas, adis, f., the numher two.
t

dynamis,

is, f.,

plenty, power.

fdynastes,

ae, m., ruler.

command.

Dyrrachium
time ago.

(Gr,

Epidamnus),

dudum, some

Durazzo, on the coast of Epirus.

duellura=bellum, imr. duim, pres. subj. of do, give. dulcedo, inis, f., sweetness, charm. dulcesco, 3, to grow sweet.
dulcis,
e, sweet,

dyspepsia, ee, f., indigestion. dyspnoea, ae, difficulty ofhreathing.

pleasant, dear.

dulcitudo,

inis, f., sweetness.

Diilichius, a, um, of Ulysses (or Dulichium, a small island near

Ithaca).

(ex), out

offrom.

ea, [is,] hy that ivay.

dum, while, dumetum,

until,
i,

provided.
that.

eapse, [ipse,] herself same. eatenus, so far.

t

n., thicket.

ebenus

(um),

i,

f.,

ehony.

dummodo,
diimosus,
sofar, at

provided

ebibo,
ebito,

a,

dumtaxat,

hushy, hramhly. exactly, only, however,

um,

bi, bit-, 3, drink I, to go forth.

up or out.

least.

eblandior, 4, get hy flattery. eboreus, a, um, of ivory.

ebrietas, atis, F., drunkenness. ebrio, i, make drunk. ebriolus, a, um, tipsy. ebriosus, a, um, given to drink. ebrius, a, um, drunk, intoxicated. ebullio, 4, hoil up or away. ebulus, (um), i, m,, dwarf-elder.

dunius, i, M., hush, hramhle. duo, ae, o ( 18, i, 2), two. duodecies, twelve times.

duodecim, twelve. duodecimus, a, um,

twelfth.

duodeni, se, a, 12 each, hy twelves. [duode-, minus ttvo, (as in duodeviceni, -viginti, eighteen).

duplex,

icis, douhle, crcfiy,

duplicarius, a, uni, douhly paid. duplicatio, onis, f,, douhling. duplicitas, atis, f., cleceit. duplico, I, to douhle, repeat. duplus, a, um, twice as much. diipondius, of tivo pounds. diiracinus, a, um, hard-herried.

ebur, 6ris, N., ivory. eburatus, a, um, inlaicl with ivory. eburneus (-nus), a, um, of ivory. ecastor, hy Casior!
ecce,
hehc)ld
!

(also as

eccum, ec-

cam, eccillum,
eccere
!

&c).

?>//

Ceres.
ae, f.,

teccle-iia,

assemhly, church.

diiramentum,
t diirateus, a,

i,

n.,

hardening.

um,
f.,

icooden.

diiratio, onis,

endurance.

fecdicus, i, m., solicitor. ecfero=effero, hear ojf. t echinus, i, m., hedgehog, hurr, howl. t echo, iis, f., echo.

60
f

ecloga
F.,

egestas.
eflfercio, fert-,
i, to stuff,

ecloga, 86, econtra, on

choice selection.

cram.

the contrary.

effero, efferre, extuli, elat-, bear

forth, produce, proclaim, exalt. effero, i, make wild or savage.

ecquando,

lohether ever.

ecquis, qua, quid, ivhether any.

ecquo, whither. fectypus, a, um, copy

eculeus, i, m., edacitas, atis,
colt,

(in relief).

effertus, [farcio,] stuffed. efferus, a, um, very wild, savage.

eflfervo (-esco), fervi, 3, to boil up, boil over, rage, swarm.
eflfetus,
a,

rack.

F.,

greediness.

edax, acis, [edo,] devouring. edento, i, dash out the teeth. edepol, bf/ Pollux.

um, having

borne

or

yielded, exhausted (by bearing).

edera=hedera,
edico, xi,
edicto,
I,

ivy.

ct-,

3,

declare, publish,

aj)point, establish, ordain.

eflBcax, acis, effectual. eflficio, feci, fect-, [facio,] 3, bring to pass, niake, form, yield, prove. eflfigies, ei, f., copy, image, portrait.
eflfingo, nxi, ct-, 3, to
eflElagito,
i,

proclaim, publish. n., ordinance. edisco, didici, 3, learn thoroughly.

form, fashion.
urgently.

edictum,

i,

demand

efflictim,
eflflo,
i,

to

death, desperately.

edissero, rui,

-rto, i, to set 3 forth, explain, unfold, relate. editio, onis, f., giving forth, pubrt-,
;

effligo,*xi, ct-, strike

down or dead.

blow or hreathe out.

lication, exhibition, birth.

eflfloresco, rui, 3, to hlossom. effluo, xi, 3, flow out, get ahroad,

editor, 5ris, m., producer, exhihiter.

edo, didi,
lish,

give forth, pubutfer, declare, produce.

dit-, 3,
3, eat,

edo, (esse,

37, v.), edi, es-, devour, squande?\ edo, onis, m., glutton.

go forth, pass away, disappear. eflfluvium, i, n., outflow, outlet. effodio, fodi, foss-, 3, dig or tear out, dig up. effcetus=effetus, exhausted. effor, i, speakforth, utter.
eflfractor, oris, m., burglar.

edoceo,
edolo,
I,

cui, ct-, 3, instruct or inheiv ouf, polish, prepare.

for/n thoroughly.

eflfrenus (-natus),

a,

um

unbridled.

eflfringo, fregi, fract-, [frango,] 3,

edomo, ui, it-, i, to tame, subdue. Edonus, a, um, Thracian. edormio, 4, sleep off, or out.
educatio, onis,
ing, education.
f.,

hreak out or open.

effugio, fugi,
3, to flee,

escape, shun.

effugium,

i,

n., flight, refuge.

training, breed-trix, iois, f.,

educator,
trainer.

oris, m.

effulgeo, si, 2, shine forth, glitter. effultus, [fulcio,] propped, stayed. eflfundo, fiidi, fiis-, 3, to pour forth, shed, let go ; P., indulge in.
effiise,

educo, educo,
forlh,

I,

educate, train.
ct-,
3,

far and

loide.

xi,

lead or

draw

eflfusio, onis, F.,

pouring

out,

pro-

summon,

erect,

put

to sea.

fusion.
effiisus, a,

edulis, e, ealable ; N., ^\. food. ediirus, a, um, very hard.

um,

wide-spread, p)rofuse.

effiitio, 4, prale, babhle.

effarcio=effercio, cram. effatus, [for,] pronounced,

lished,

estab-

determined.
;

effsctio, onis, f. doing, effecting.

-tus, us,

m.,

effector, oris, m. ; -trix, tricis, f., doer, producer, author. effeniinatus, a, um, womanish.

egelidus, a, um, lukewarm, cold. egens, tis, needy, lacking. egenus, a, um, destitute, void, needy. egeo, ui, 2, to need, lack, loant. Egeria, ae, nymph of a grotto near Rome, wife and counsellor of

Numa.
egero, gessi, gest-, 3, carry forth. egestas, atis, f., jjoverty, need.

effemino,

i, to

weaken, effeminate.

egestio
egestio, onis, f., carryincj forih, einpfymg, loasting. ego, mei, mihi, me, /.

emano.
Eleusinus,
a,

61

um, of

Eleusis,

town of

Attica,

famous

for the

egomet, /
icander,

myself.
3,

egredior, gress-,

march

out,

go fortJi, mount, go heyond.

mysteries of Ceres. elevatio, onis, f., disparaging. elevo, i, Uft up, lighten, impair.
elices,

um,

m., trench, drain.

egregie, excellently. egregius, a, um, [grex,] excellent, eminen t, distinguished. egressus, iis, m., a going forth. egurgito, i, pour out, squander. ehem (of joy or suprise), ha! eheu (of grief or pain), ah eho (of command or reproof ), ho ! eia (eja), ha ! ho ! come on ! ejaculor, i, hurlforth. ejectio, onis, f., casting out. ejecto, I, to castforth.

elicio, licui (lexi), licit-, 3,

out, allure, entice, call fortli.

draw

elido, si, sum, 3, dash out, crush. eligo, legi, lect-, [lego,] 3, select. elimino, at-, i, turn out of doors.

elimo,

I,

to polish, finish.

elinguis, e, dumb, mute. eliquo, i, strain, pour, melt. Elis, idis, f., the W. district of

Peloponesus. Eleus, a, um, of Elis, or Olympia.

elisio, onis, f., striking out.

ejero=ejiiro,

reject.
[ jacio,] 3, to

Elissa,
cast
m.,

ae,

name

of Dido.

ejicio, jeci, ject-,

out, tlirofa forth,

run agvound.
;

elisus, [elido,] crushed, forced out. elixus, a, um, hoiled, soaked.

t

ejulatio, onis, f. -tus, wailing, lamentation. ejulo, I, to wail, lament.

iis,

ellychnium,
i,

i,

n., lamp-ivick.
let out.

eloco,

liire

or

elociitio, ouis,

f.,

oratory.

ejuncidus,
ejiiro,
i,

a,

um,

lean, slender.

reject, ahjure.

ejusmodi, of

that sort.
3,

elogium, i, N., maxim, clause. eloquens, tis, eloquent. eloquentia, se, F. -quium, i,
;

N.,

elabor, lapsus,

sUp away, escape,

eloquence.

disappear, jxiss aivay. take pains, icork out. i ejanguesco, gui, 3, slacken, relax. elate, loftily, proudly. hearing-out for elatio, onis, f., burial, uplifting, passion. elatus, [effero,] proud, lofty. elavo, lavi, laut- (lot-), i, tcash out.

eloquor,
liglit.

ciit-, 3,
2,

elaboro,

eliiceo, xi,

speak out, declare. shine forlh, come to

win.

eluctor, I, eliicubro,

to struggle out,
i,

compose lahoriously. eludo, si, sum, 3, wash out, win (at play), parry, delude, mock. elugeo, xi, 2, to mourn thefull time.

elecebra,

ae, f., allurer.

elumbis,

e,

weak

in the hack.

electilis, e, choice, dainty.

electio, onis, f., choice, election. electo, i, icorm out, select. Electra, ae, d. of Agamemnon. felectrum, i, n., amher. electus, a, um, choice, select. elegans, tis,fne, elegant, luxurious. elegantia, ae, f., elegance, grace. f elegi, orum, m. -gia, ae, f., elegy.
;

eluo, ui, iit-, 3, wash off, get rid of. elutus, a, um, insipid, watery. elutrio, i, icash ouf, draw ojf. eluvio, onis -ies, em, e, f., washing off, overfiow, chasm. Elysium, i, n., the abode of the blest in the world below.
;

elementa, orum,
t

m., elements, rudi-

ments, heginn ings.

elephantinus, a, um, of ivory. telephas, antis; -phantus, i, m.,

elephant, ivory.

emacio, at-, i, make lean. emaculo, i, clear of stains. emancipatio, onis, f., release (of a son from the father's power). emancipo, i, emancipate, transfer. e-maneo, 2, stay outside, overstay.

emano, \,fiow

out, spread.

62
Emathia,

Emathia

enubo.
emptus, [emo,] hought. emulgeo, sum, 2, (Jrain, exhausl. emunctus, a, um, cleaned out.

ae, poetic for Macedonia or Thessaly. emax, acis, eager to huy. work. f emblema, atis, n., irdaid

embolium,

i,

n., interlude.

emundo, emungo,
!

emendatio, onis, correction. emendator, oris, M., amender. emendatus, a, vlvq., fauUless. emendico, i, (j(d bij begging.

i, clean thoroughly. nxi, nct-, 3, to clean out. emunio, A,,fortify, protect, furnish. en bekold ! come ! enarrabilis, e, explainahle.

emendo, i, to correct, iniprove. emensus, [metior,] traversed.

ementior,
4, utter falsely,

enarro, i, tell, declare, interpret. enascor, nat- 3, spring or sprout

up, be born.

pretend.

enato,

emercor, i, to purchase, bribe. emereo, ui, it-, (-or), 2, to earn,

emergo,

win, serve out one's term. si, sum, 3, bring or conie

to light, rise, enierge,

i, swim away. enavatus, a, um, performed. enavigo, i, sail away, or over. ] encaustus, a, um, burnt-in. Enceladus, i, a giant buried under

get clear.
f f

emeritus, a, um, icorn out. emersus, iis, m., an emerging. emetior, 4, measure out, traverse. emeto, 3, mow down. emico, ui, i, spring or show forth. emigro, i, depart, remove. eminatio, onis, F., threat. eminens, tis, prominent, lofty. eminentia, se, ., prominence.

Mount Etna. encytus, i, m.,

endromis,

cake, pastry.

[endo-=indu- or

in- (im-). idis, f., coarse cloaJc.

Endymion,

onis, myth. prince of Caria, loved by Diana. eneco, cui, ct- (cat-), i, to kill, exhaust, torment. enectiTs, a, um, killed.

enervis,

e, nerveless, iveak.

emineo, ui, 2, stand forth, extend. eminor, i, declare with threats. eminulus, a, um, projecting. eminus, at a distance.
emiror,
i,

enervo, i, unnerve, iveaken. enico eneco, kill. enim, /or, surely,for instance. Enipeus, i, m., a river of Thessaly.

be amazed, ivonder at.

i,

emissarium,

N., drain, outlet.

emissarius, i, M., scout, spy, shoot. emissio, onis, F., sending-forth. emitto, misi, miss-, 3, send forth, cast away, let go, relea.se. emo, emi, empt-, 3, to buy, get. emolior, 4, bring out, stir up. emollio, 4, soften, iceaken.

eniteo, 2 -esco, tui, 2, shine forth. enitor, nis- (nix-), 3, to strive, clhnb, bring forth.
;

enixe

(im), strenuously.
a,

enixus,
gicen Eiina,

um,

in

earnest, having

birth, toiling, striving.

ae, F., a town of Sicily, where Proserpine was stolen.

Ennius,

emolo,

it-, 3,

grind up.
i,

the eadiest i, poet, B.c. 239-169.

Roman
es-

emolumentum,
emoneo,

n., effort, gain.

ui, it-, 2,

admonish.

eno, I, sicim away, traverse or cape by swimming.

emorior, mortuus, 3, die, perish. emoveo, movi, mot-, 2, remove, push ouf, shak-e, rack. emplastro, i, to bud, graft.

emplastrum, i, N., bark, plaster. t emporium, i, n., market.

empticius, a, um, boughten. emptio, onis, f., purchase.

enodate, clearly, plainly. enodis, e, [nodus,] smooth, clear. enodo, i tofree from knots, explain. enormis, e,irregular, immense. enotesco, tui, 3, become known. enoto, I, to mark, note.
,

ensis,

is,

enubo,
rank

emptor,

oris, m.

-trix, f., buyer.

m., sword, hlade. psi, 3, marry out or ho7ne.

of one^s

enucleatus
enucleatus,
eiiucleo,
I,

erodo.
alry

63

a,

um,

clear, pure.

clear

from
f.,

liusk

or

kernel, explain.

equa, ae, f. (d. pl., abus), mare. equarius, a, um, ofhorses, M.,groom. eques, itis, m., horseman ; pl., cav:

enumeratio, onis,

nunibering.

knights (a

Roman

order).

eaumero, i, count, reckon. enuncio (tio), i, declare, report.

enutrio,
4,

nurture, support.

equester, tris, e, of the cavalry or kn ights, eq uestrian. equidem, indeed, no douht.

equile,
is, n., horse-stall.

eo, ire, ivi,

itum
hjj

37,

vi),

(jo,pass.

eo

(abl.),

.s',

so mucli.

equinus,

a,

um, of

horses.

eo, tldtker
f Eos,
F.,

the-same loay. da/on, East.

;

eodem,

f eous, a, um, of morning ; castern. Epaminondas, se, a, Theban gen-

equiso, onis, m., groom, hostler. equitatus, us, m., cavalry. equito, i, to ride, hestride.

equuleus,

i,

m., colt, rack.

eral slaiii at

Mantinea, b.c, 362.

fephebus, i, m., a youth (18 to 20). fephemeris, idis, f., diari/. Ephesius, a, um, of Ephesus, a
city

equus (ecus), i, m., era=hera, inistress.

horse.

of

lonia

or

of

Diana,

whose chief temple was there. f ephippium, i, n., horse-cloth, saddle,

housing, caparison.
i, m., a Spartan magisof a board of hve.

ephorus,
trate,

eradicitus, root-and-hranch. eradico, i, root out, wear out. erado, si, sum, 3, scrape off, erase. Erato, F., the lyric Muse. f Erebus, i, m., Darkness, (uame of the lower world). Erechtheus, i, myth. k. of Athens.

erctuni=herctum,

inheritance.

Ephyreius,
yra
(e),

(-eeus), a,

um, of Eph-

or Corinth. ae, m., a marine. f epichysis, is, f., pilcher.

f epibata,
f

epicopus,

a,

um,

ivith

oars.

erecte, holdly. erectus, [erigo,] upright, lofty. erepo, psi, 3, creep away. ereptio, onis, f., seizure. ereptor, oris, m., plunderer.

epicrocum, i, n., thin, transparent. Epidaurus, i, f., a city of Argohs. f epigramma, tis, n., an inscriptioti,
f

ereptus, [eripio,] snatched.

Eretria, ae, a city of Euboea. erga, fo/vards, opposite.

epigram.
f epilogus,
i,

ergastulum, i,
m., conclusion.

n., ivorkhouse,prison.
(

ergo, therefore

43,

5),

then.

Epirus (os), i, f. {mainland) the N. W. district of Greece.

f episcopus, i, n., overseer. f episfcola (ula), ae, f., letter.
f f f

f erice, es, f., heath, hroom.

Erichthonius, i, myth. k. of Athens, son of Vulcan also a king of Troy, son of Dardanus.
;

epistomium, i, m., cork, hung. epitaphium, i, N.,funeral oration. epithalamium, i, n., nuptial song.

ericius,

i,

m., hedgehog, ahattis.

Eridanus, i, m., the river Po, North Italy.

erigo, rexi, rect-,
cheer, excile.
3, to set

fepitheca, ae, increase. f epityrum, i, n., olive-conserve.

up, rouse,

epodos, i, M., alternate verse. epops, opis, M., hoopoe (bird). f epo3, N., an heroic poem.
f f

Erigone,

epoto, avi, pot-, i, drink offor up. epularis, e, of hanquets. epulo, onis, m., gtiest atfeasts. epulor, i, to feast, eat, hanquet.

erilis=herilis, of ihe master. es, myth. d. of Icarius, changed to the constell. Virgo. f Erinny-s, yos, f., a Fury.
ae (e, es),

Eriphyla,

myth.
3,

d.

of

Talaus, wife of Amphiaraus.

eripio, ui, rept-, [rapio,] aivay, setfree.

snatch
aivay.

epulum, i,

n,

pl, epulae,

arum, f.,

hanquet, religious feast.

erodo,

si,

sum,

3, eat

or

gnaw

G4

erogatio

evergo.
arum, M., summer tradewinds, through the dog-days. etiam, even, also, yes,-yet, indeed.
f etesiee,
till now, also, still. etiamsi, even if although. etiam tum, tili then, even then, still. Etriiria, ae, W. Italy, N. of Rome. etsi, even if although. fetymon, i, N.. root (of a word). f eu, euge, icell ! icell done Euboea, ae, f., a large island near the coast, N. of Athens.

erogatio, onis, F., paying-out. erogo, I, 2^(^11 out, spend. erosio. onis, f., [rodo,] eating aivay.

errabundus,

a,

um,

icandering.

etiamnum,

erraticus, a, um, ramhUng. erro, i, icander, roani.. err, stray. erro, onis, m., icanderer, vagrant. error, oris, m., icandering, error. erubesco, bui, 3, to redden, hlush. eruca, ae, f., canker-icorm, caterpillar, cahhage.

eructo, I, helch, cast off. eructus, a, um, impure, had.

eriidero, at,i, to

clear ofrubhish.

erudio, 4, train, jjolish. eruditio, onis, f., learning. eruditus, a, um, educated, skilled. eriigo, i, smoothe from wrinkles. erumpo, tupi, rupt-, 3, hurstforth. eruo, ui, ut-, 3, j^iuck, draio or cast
out, overthrow, destroy.

f eugeneus, (-ius), a, um, well-horn. f Eumenides, um, f., (gracious), a name for the Furies. f

euniichus,

i,

m.. eunuch.

Euphrates,

M., the chief river of Syria. f euripus, i, m., channel, strait, canal.
is,

Europa, ae (e, es), Europe ; myth. d. of Agenor, loved by Jupiter.

Eurotas,
f

eruptio, onis,

f., hursting-out.

erus=herus, muster. ervum, i, n., icild pea, or vetch. Erycus, a, um, of Eryx, or Venus. Erymanthus, i, mts of Arcadia. Erythraeus, a, um, of Erythrce, a
.

cityof Boeotia nlso, of Erythi-as, myth. king of S. Arabia. Eryx, ycis, m., son of Venus a
;

a river of Laconia. wind. Eurydice, es, wife of Orpheus. Eurystheus,i, myth. k. of Mycenae. Euterpe, es, the muse of Music. f euxinus, a, um, (hospilahle) epithet of the Black Sea (Euxine).
ae, M.,

eurus,

i,

m., the Soutli-east

evacuo,

i, to

empty, make void.

Evadne,
evado,

es, wife of

mountain of
esca,
;

W.

Sicily.

si,

sum,

3,

Capaneus. go forth, turn

ae, F.,food, hait. escalis, e -arius, a, um, offood.

escendo,
clitnh,

di,

sum, [scando,J
fut.

3, to

viount.
wxa.,

escit, escunt, esculentus, a,

of sum, to he. ft for food.

out, pass over. evagor, i, icander forth, extend. evalesco, valui, 3, grow strong. evallo, 3, to hull, winnow, cast out. Evander, dri, myth. colonist of Rome, from Arcadia.

esculus=aesculus, oak.
esito,
I,

[edo,]

to eat oflen.

fesox, ocis, M., pike, pikei-el. Esquiliae, arum, F., ahill of Rome.

evanesco, ui, 3, vanish, disappear. evanidus, a, um, vanishing. evanno, 3, to icinnoio. evans, tis^crying Evan ! (Bacchus).
evasto, I, lay loaste, devastate. evax! hurrah! eveho, xi, ct-, 3, carry or lead out. evello, velli, vuls-, 3, pluck away. evenio, veni, vent-, 4, comeforth,
happen,
result.
i,

essedum,

i,

n., icar-chariot.
F., glutfon.

estrix, icis,

estur=editur, pr. pass. of edo, esurialis, e, of hunger.

eat.

esurio, it-, 4, to he hungry. esurio, onis, M., glutton. esus, [edo,] eaten. et, and, also, even ; et et, hoth and.
. . .

eventum,

n.

-tus,

iis, M., event,

c():)sequence, result.

etenim,/or,

truly, since (

43,

11).

everbero, i, heat, slap,flap, evergo, },, pour forth.

stir.

everriculuni everriculum,
i,

excitus.

65

n., drag-net.

everro, verri, vers-, 3, siceep out. eversio, onis, f., overtlirow, ruin. eversor, oris, m., destroyer. eversus, a, um, overtlirown. everto, ti, sum, 3, expel, overtJirow. eviotus, [vinco,] vanquished. evidens, tis, manifest, plain, clear. evidentia, ae, f., distinctness.
evigilo,
I
,

exanclo, i, draw out, endure. exanimatio, onis, f., suffocation,

frighi, breathlessness.

exanimis, e us, a, um, Ufeless, dead.

;

exanimo, i, exardesco,
blaze out.

deprive oftife or breath. arsi, ars-, 3, to kindle,

exaresco, arui,

a-ake up, ivatch, elaborate.

evilesco, lui, 3, groiv ivorthless. evincio, nxi, nct- 4, hind up, wind.
3, to vanquish, subdue, prevail. eviro, i, to unman. eviscero, i, disembowel. eyito, I, avoid ; put to death.

3, to dry up. disarm, iveaken. exaro, i plough up, till, inscribe. exaspero, i, roughen, sharpen. exauctoro, i, discharge, cashier.

exarmo,

i,

evinco, vici, vict-,

exaudio, 4, hearfrom afar, iisten. exaugeo, 2, enlarge greatly. exauspico, i, tcdce augury. excaeco, i, make bliiidexcalceo, i, deprive ofshoes.

Evius, i, a name of Bacchus. evocatio, onis, f., summons, call. evoco, I, to call forth, summon. evoe, ajoyous cry (of bacchanals). evolo, I jiy or spring out, ascend.
,

excandesco, dui, 3, kindle, glow. excavo, i, to hollow out. excedo, cessi, cess-, 3, to goforth
or beyond, die. excellens, tis, lofty, eminent. excellentia, ae, f., superiority. excello, ui, sum, 3, raise up, excel. excelsus, a, um, lofty. exceptio, onis, f., exception. excepto, I, catch up, snuff up.

evolutio, onis, f., unrolling, reading.

evolvo,

vi, ut-, 3, unroll, unfold.

ui, it-, 3, disgorge.
I
,

evomo,
evulgo,

publish, divulge.
f.,

evulsio, onis,

pulling-out.

evulsus, [evello,]p/Mtle6/ q^or out. ex=e, out offrom, after,forthfrom.

[ex-, out, utterly, very.

exceptor, oris, m., scribe, reporter. exceptus, [-cipio,] caught. excerno, crevi, cret-, i, sft out,
cleanse, discharge.

exacerbo,

i,

embitter.

exacte, exactly, precisely. exactio, onis, f., driving-out. exactor, oris, m., expeller, collector. exactus, [exigo,] driven out.

excerpo,

psi, pt-, [carpo,] 3, pick

out, select, except.

excessus, Gs,
excetra,

m., standing-out, depariure, projeclion.

se, F., sncdce.

exacuo, ui,
exaedifico,

iit-, 3,

exadversum,
i,

sharpen, inflame. over against. build, construct,fnish.

excidium,

exaequo, i, level, equalize. exaestuo, i boil up, ferment, gloiv. exaggeratio, onis, f., heaping up. exaggero, i, to heap up, enlarge.
,

-cidio, onis, f., i, n. ; downfall, overthroiv, desiruction. excido, cidi, [cado,] 3, tofall out,
escape, perish, pass away.

excido,
off,

idi, is-,

[csedo,]
;

3, to

cut

cut doivn, destroy.

(cii), cit-, 2
stir

exagito,

j-exagoga,

up, rouse, disturb. exportatign. exalbesco, bui, 3, tu7'n ivhite, or

i, stir

excieo, civi
callforth,
excite.

se, f.,

summon,

-cio, 4, up, terrify,

3, to

pale with fear. exalto, I, raise, heighten, deepen. examen, inis, n., swarm, crowd.

excipio, cepi, cept-, [capio,]

tcdce

oui or up, caich,follow.

examinatio, onis,

f.,

bcdancing.

examino, examussim,
i
,

iveigh,

ponder, swarm.

exactly.

excisus, [excido,] cut off'or out. excitatus, a, um, animated, strong. excito, I, raise, rouse, excite, kindle. excitus, [excio,] roused.

66

exclamatio

exoletus.
exercitio, onis, f., management. exercito, i, practise frequehtly. exercitor, oris, m., trainer. exercitus, iis, m., host, army. exesus, [edo,] consumed. exhalatio, f., vapor, exhalation.

exclamatio, onis, f., outcry. exclamo, i, to cnj aloud. excludo, si, sum, [claudo,]
shut out, exclude, prevent.

3,

to

excliisio, onis,

f.,

exclmion.

excoctus, [coquo,] cooked.

excogitatio, onis, f., invention. excogito, I, thint out, devise, contrive.

exhalo, i, hreathe forth, evapqrate. exhaurio, hausi, haust-, 4, draw,

drain, empty, remove, exhaust.

excolo, colui, cult-,

3,

cultivate,

exjieredo,

i,

disinherit.

improve, adorn, honor.

excoquo,

excors, cordis,

xi, ct-, 3, hoil out, roast. hrainless.

exheres, edis, disinherited. exhibeo, ui, it-, 2, holdforth,

dis-

excrementum, i, n., siftings,

excresco, evi,
et-, 3, hig. rise up, grow. *

refuse.

grow out or

play, sustain, maintain. exhibitio, onis, f., delivery, maintoiance.

excretus, [cerno,] sifted, culled out;

[cresco,] full-grown.

excrucio, i, torture, torment, extort. excubiaD, arum, f., night-guard. excubitor, oris, m., tvatchman. excubo, ui, it-, 3, lie out of doors,
watch, keep guard. exciido, di, sum, 3, to strike out, hafch, forge out. .exculco, I, tread out, trample. excultus, [colo,] improved. excuratus, a, um, well caredfor. ex-curro, 3, run out, extend,spread. excursio, onis, f. -sus, iis, m., a
;

exhilaro, i, gladden, refresh. exhinc, liereupon. exhorreo, 2 -esco, ui, 3, dread extremely, shudder at. exhortatio, onis, f., encourage;

ment, exhortation.

exhortor, i, to cheer, exhort. exigo, egi, act-, [ago,] 3, drive exact, demand, fnish.
exiguitas, atis,
f., scantiness.
little,

out,

exiguus,

a,

um,

scanty, brief.

exilis, e, thin, meagre, feehle. exilitas, atis, f., slenderness.

exilium=exsilium,
eximius,
a,

exile.

um,

select, excellent.
3,

running-out, onset, digression. exciisatio, F., excuse. exciiso, i, to excuse, plead.

stretched out, stiff. exciisus, [cudo,] struck out,forged. excutio, 3, shake offor out, search.
a,

eximo, emi, empt-, [emo,]

ouf, release, reniove,

take

consume.

exin, thereupon.

excussus,

um,

exinanio, 4, to empty, exhaust. exinde, thence, thereaffer. existimatio, f., judgment, opinion,
rcpufation.

[exe=exse-. exedo, edi, es-,

destroy.

3,

consume, corrode,

existimo (-umo), i, to judge, existo=exsisto, stand forth.

exitiabilis
(-alis),

think.

f exedra, ae, F., Jiall for discourse. exemplar, aris, n., model, copy.

-osus,

a,

um,

deadly, j>ern icious.

exemplum,

i,

m.,

image, example,

exitium,

i,

n., going-forth, destruc-

copy, manner, sort.

tion, ruin, mischief.

exemptus, [-imo,]
f

taken out.

exentero, i, disemhowel, empty. exeo, ii (ivi), it-, 4, go fortli, expire. exerceo, cui, cit-, 2, drive fonoard,
employ, exercise.

exitus, [exeo,] jMst. exitus, VLS, M., going-out, ehd, death. exlex, legis, out ofthe law, lawless.

exoculo,
f

I,

destroy the eyes.

i,

exodium,

N., affer-piece, end.

exercitatio, exercitatus,

f.,

practice, exercise.

exolesco, evi,
exoletus,
a,

et-,

3,

to

grow

up,

a,

um,

trained, prac-

sfop growing, cease, disappear.

tised, agitated, trouhled.

um,

mature, dissolute.

exonero
exonero, i, didnirden, discharge. exoptatus, a, um, longed-for. exopto, I, to desire earnesUy.
exorabilis, e, easy to he entreated. exorbito, i, go astray, deviaie. exordior, orsus, 4, Lay the warp,
begin.

exprimo.
expers,
tis,

67
[pars,] having no share.
(-isso), 3, long for.
(ii),it-, 3,

expetesso
expeto, ivi
desire,

seek,contrive,

exordium,

i,

N.,

heginning, warp,

aspuefor, attain. expiatio, F., expiation, atonement. expilatio, onis, f., plunder, pillage. expilator, oris, m., pillager. expilo, I, roh, plunder.

introducilon, treatise.

expingo, pinxi, pict-,

depict, describe.

3,

to paint,

exorior, ortus, i, arise, spring up. exornatio, f., embellishment.

exorno, i, adorn, equip, supply. exoro, I, gain by entreaty. exorsus, [ordior,] hegun; N.,
ginning.

expio, I, expiate, atone. expiscor, i,fish out, search. explanatio, onis, f., making
explan ation
,

cleary

be-

disl in ctness.

expiano,

i,fkitten,

make

clear.

exorsus, us, m., beginning. exortivus, a, um, of rising,eastern. exortus, us, m., 7'ising (of sun). exos, ossis, boneless, pliant. exosculor, i, kissfondly, admire. exosso, i, deprive of hones or teeth. f exostra, ae, F., stage-machinery. exosus, a, um, hating, hateful. f exoticus, a, um, outlandish. expallesco, ui, 3, turn pale, dread.
expalliatus, a, um, uncloaked. expallidus, a, um, very jxde, wan. expalpo (or), i, get by coaxing. expando, di, pass- (pans-), 3, to spread forth, expand. expapillatus, a, um, hare-breasted. expavesco, pavi, 3, fear greatly. expectoro, i, drivefrom the hreast.

expleo, evi, et-, 2, fill up, fulfl. expletus, a, um, compleie,fUed up.
explicatio, F., uncoiling, explaining. explicatus, a, um, spi-ead-oui, clear. explicitus, a, um, clear, easy. explico, avi (ui), at- (it-), i, to unfold, urrange, clear up.

explodo,

si,

sum

(plaudo),

3,

to

hoof qf, drive aivay. explorate, wilh cericdnty.

exploratio, F., searching, exploring. explorator, oris, M., examiner,

searcher, scout.

exploratus, a, um, estahlished, sure. exploro, I, to search, examine, reconnoitre,

test,

prove.

expedio,

4,

bring out, release,

set

forth, arrange. expedit, it is useful, or expedient. expedite, readily, jyromptly.

explosio, onis, F., hooting-off. explosus, [-plodo,] driven off. expolio, 4, to polish, refne, adorn. expolitio, F., polishing, refnement. expolitus, a, um, neat, refined. expono, posui, posit-, 3, sei forth,
offer, expose, explain.

expeditio, f., excursion, discussion. expeditus, a, um, disengaged, lightarmed, wit/iout baggage, handy. expello, puli, puls-, 3, thrust out
or arcay,
reject.

exporrigo, rexi, rect-,

out,

3,

spread

smoothen.

expendo,

di,

sum,

3,

iceigh out,

measure, pay, charge, estimate.

experge-facio, 3, rouse, stir, excite. expergiscor, perrectus, 3, aivake.

exportatio, f., export, hanishment. exporto, I, carry forih or away. exposco, poposci, 3, ask, require. expositio, f., exposing, expounding. expostulatio, onis, f., cnmplaint. e:?:postulo, i, demand, complain.

expergo,

gi, git-, 3,

experientia,

ae, f., trial,

i,

arouse, icaken. experience.

test.

expresse

(-sim), distinctly, strongly.

experimentum,

n., tricd, proof.

experior, expertus-, 4, to try, expertus, a, um, tried, skilled.

expressus, [-primo,] clear, distinci. expretus, [spretus,] spurned. exprimo, pressi, press-, [premo,]
^,

press or force oui, represeni.

68
exprobratio,
f.,

exprobratio
uphraidmg, blame. reproach, upbraid. mpsi, mpt-, 3, take out,
to

exta.
I
,

exprobo,

i,

expromo,

record. exsilio, ui, 4, leap forth, spring up.

i^

exsicco, exsigno,

dry

xbp,

parch.

icrite out,

ex/iibit, dispiaij,

declare.

exsilium,
exsisto,

i,

n., exile, retreat.

stit-,
3,

expugnabilis, e, liable to capture. expugnatio, f., storming, capture.

stiti,

come or

standforth,

exist.

expugnator,

m., conqueror, taker.

exsolvo,

expugnax, acis, subduing. expugno, I, to take bij assault,

due, extort, elfect. expulsio, onis, f., expulsion. expulso, I, drire out, expel. expulsus, [pello,] driven out.

vi, iit-, 3, unhind, discharge, get clear, throio aside.

e, sleepless, loatchful.

sub-

exsomnis, exsorbeo,
exhaust.

ui, 2,

swallow up,

drairij

expungo, nxi,
expurgatio,

nct-, 3, prick

out,

exsors, tis, ivithout part or lot. exspatior, i, expand, digress. exspectatio, onis, f., awaiting.

erase, fnl/il, adjust (accounts).

F., justijication.

expurgo,

I,

cleanse, vindicate.

expiitesco, 3, putrify. exputo, I, prune, examine. exquiro, sivi, sit-, [quaero,]

search ouf, inquire.

exspectatus, a, um, longedfor. exspecto, i, waitfor, anticipate. exspergo, spers-, 3, sprinkle, scatter. exspes, hopeless. exspiro, i, breathe out, hlow or rush
forth, expire, cease.

3, ask,

exspolio,

i,

to

plunder, spoil.
spit out, expel.

exquisite, accuratebj. exquisitus, a, um, choice, excellent. exsaevio, 4, spend one^s rage.

exspuo,
exstillo,

ui,
i,

iit, 3,

exsterno,
I,

terrify greatly.

to
i
,

drop or

trickle out.

exsanguis, e, bloodless, pale, loeak. exsarcio, sart-, 4, palch up, mend. exsatio (-saturo), i, glut, satisfj.

exstimulo,

goad

on, impel.

exstinctio, onis, exstinctor, oris,

f.,
ivi.,

annihilation.
destroyer.
3, to

ex3C6ndo=escendo,

ascend.

exstinguo, nxi, nct-,

quench,

exscindo, idi, iss-, 3, to extirpate. exscribo, psi, pt-, 3, write out, copg. exsculpo, psi, pt-, 3, dig out, erase. exseco, cui, ct-, i, cut out or ojf.
exsecrabilis, e, cursing, accursed. exsecratio, f., solemn oath, curse.

extinguish, annul, destroy.

exsecratus, a, um, detestable. exsecror, i, curse, swear solemnly. exsectio, f., cuHing out. exsectus, [seco,] cut ouf.

exsecutor,

exseciitio, .,fulfilment, discussion. oris, m., performer, execu'er, prosecuter.

tis,

exsequens,
exsequiae,
fuiieral

studious of.
f.,

exstirpo, i, uproot, pluck out. exsto, I, sfand forth, appear. exstructio, onis, f., structure. exstruo, xi, ct-, 3, heap up, huild. exsuctus, [siigo,] drained dry. exsiido, i, sweat forth, exude, toil. exsugo, xi, ct-, 3, suck out. exsul, ulis, c, exile, wanderer. exsulo, I, to he in exile. exsultans, tis, skipping, diffuse. exsultatio, f., leaping up for joy. exsulto, I, leap itp, exult, revel. exsuperabilis, e, surmountahle.

arum,

[sequor,]
out,pur.

rites,

procession, ohsequies.
^, follow

exsequor, cutus,
exsero,

sue, accoinpUsh, relate, avenge.

rui, rt-, 3, thrust forth, dis-

p'aj, profrude.

exsertus, a, um, open, conspicuous. exserto, i, stretch forfh. exsibilo, i, to hi<is away.

ex^uperans, tis, excellent. exsuperantia, ee, f., pre-eminence. exsuperatio, onis, f., exaggerafion.exsupero, i, mount, surpass, overpower, exceed, exceUpass heyond. exsurdo, i, deafen, hlunt. exaurgo. surrexi, 3, rise, stand up.
exsuscito,
I,

rouse, excite.

exta, orum,

n., the internal organs.

extabesco
extabesco, tabui,
extaris,
e, 3, to

facinus.

fade, loane.

of

the

exta.

extemplo

(-pulo), immediately.

extemporalis, e, extemporary. extendo, di, tum (sum), 3, stretch

spread, extend. extentus, a, um, wide-spread.
fort/i, increase,

exulto=exsulto, leap forth. exundo, i, overflow, rush forth. exungo, unct-, 3, anoint, squander. exuo, ui, iit-, 3, put strip or cast off,
lay aside, despoil. exiiro, ussi, ust-, 3, hurn up, consume, parch, destroy. exustio, F., hurning, scorching. exuviae, arum, f., spoils (stripped from an enemy's body), hide.

extento, i, stretch forth, extenuatio, f., thinning,

exert.

lessening.

extenuo, i, make thin, lueaken. exter (-terus), a, um, outward,

ternal, foreign.

ex-

exvelio=eveho, carry

off.

exterebro, i, Jwre out. extergeo, si, sum, 3, ivipe off. exterior, us (compar.), outer. extermino, i, drive away, hanish. externus, a, um, outward, foreign. extero, trivi, trit-, 3, ruh out, wear out or away. exterreo, ui, it-, 2, strike with terror. extexo, 3, p)ick to pieces, plunder. extimesco, timui, 3, fear greatly.

r.
faba,
86, F., heaft.
;

fabalis, e -arius, a, um, of heans. fabella, ae, F., sliort story or play. faber, bri (g. pl. brum), m., sjnith,
artisan, craftsman. faber, bra, brum, skilful, ingenious. Fabius Maximus, Dictator in the

extinguo=exstinguo, quench.
extispex,
extollo,
icis, diviner.
3, raise, uplift, defer.
si,

second Punic War,

fabre-facio, fabrica, ae,

b.c.

217-209.

^, fasldon skUfully. woi^shop, fahric, f.,

extorqueo,

tum,

2,

wrestaway.

extorris, e, exiled. extra, outside of, except, heyond.

extraho,xi,

ct-, 3, draioforth, loith-

draio, release, p>rotract, outroot.

trade, trick or crafty device. fabricatio, F., construction. fabricator, oris, m., artifcer. Fabricius, C, consul in the against Pyrrhus, B.c. 279.

war

extraneus, a, um, external, strange. extraordinarius, a, um, heyond the rardcs, uncommon.
extrarius,
a,

fabricor

(-co), i,fashion, construct.

um,

outward, strange.

extremitas,

atis, F., end, edge.

of a smith; N., pl. tools. fabula, ae, F., [for,] story, drama. fabula, dim. of faba, hean. fabularis, e -osus, a, mtq, fahulous.
fabrilis, e,
;

extremus

(-timus), a, um, outmost, remotest, utmost, latest, last.

extrico, i, disentangle, clear. extrilidus, a, um, dauntless.

fabiilator, oris, M., story-teller. fabulor, i, to talk, converse. facesso,i,it-, 3, do eagerly,perform;get clear, depart, retire.

extrinsecus, /ro??i ahroad,

extritus, [tero,] ioorn
,

outside.

facete, neatly,
facetiae,

wittily.
F., ioit,fun.

off.

arum,
a,

extrudo, si, sum, 3, thrust forth. extubero, i to sioell, raise.

facetus,

extundo, tudi,
exturbo, exubero,
i, i,

tus,

3,

to

heat out,

eJegant,fine,funny. facies, ei, f., figure, face, appearance, aspect, pretence.

facilis, e, [facio,] suited, apt,

um,

strike out, devise, extort.

com-

drive or thrust away.

pliant, favoring, prosperous, easy.

exudo=exsudo,
exul=exsul,

ahound, 7nakefull. exude.

exile.

facile, easily, no douht. facilitas, atis, Y.,facility, readiness,

ease, fJuency,

good Jiumor.

exulcero, i,fester, exasperate. exululo, I, howl.

facinorosus,
facinus, oris,

a,

um,

atrocious.

n., hold deed, crime.

70
;

facio

fastigium.
famelicus, a, um, famished. fames, is, f., hunger, need, greed. famigeratio, onis, f., rumor. famigerator, oris, m., tale-hearer. famigeratus, a, um, celebrated. familia, se, f., body of slaves, family, household, company, clan. familiaris, e, of servants or family,
intimate, friendly ; M., friend. familiaritas, atis, F., intimacy. familiariter, by families, familiarly. famosus, a, um, ofgood or illfame. famularis, e, of servants or service.

facio, feci, fact- p., fio, fieri, factus, make, do, i-)erform^ "practise,
esteem, assume, cause ; fit, it liappens, is usual: fiat, so be it. factio, onis, ., making, doing, rank,
partij, class, faction.

factiosus, a, um, factious, seditious. factito, i,keep doing,practice, make. factor, oris, m., doer. factura, ae, f., doing, deed. factus, [facio,] done ; N., deed. factus, iis, m., doing, making. facula, ae, f., [fax,] torch, link. facultas, atis, f., opportunity, suppbj, power, abundance, resource.

facunde, elotpientty. facundia, ee, f., eloquence. facundus, a, um,Jluent, eloquent.

faecula,
ae,

famulatus, us, m., servitude. famulor, i, to serve, he a servant. famulus, a, um, serving, servicecd)le ;

m., f., servant.

a,

fanaticus,

um,

inspired, rapt.

tartar (of wine).

fanum,

i,

n., shrine, temple.

fseculentus, a, Mm,full of dregs. Fsesulae, arum, f., Fiesole, a hilltown near Florence.
fsex, cis, F., lees, dregs, hrine.

far, farris, n.,

spelt (a grain), meal.

farcimen,

inis, n., sausage.

faginus
f fagus,

(-eus), a,
i,

um, of

heecli.

farcio, si, tum, 4, to stuff, cram. farfarus, i, m., coWs-foot (a plant). farina, ae, f., meal, Jlour, substance.

F., heech-tree.

fala, ae, f., scaffolding, scaffold.

falarica, e, .,fire-hall. falcarius, i, m., scythe-maker.

falcatus,

a,

um,

scythe-hung or

scythe-shaped.

falcifer (-ger), era,

sickle-bearing.

um,

scythe or

farrago, inis, f., mixed fodder (for cattle), medley. farrarius, a, um, of grain ; n., pl. granary. farratus (-eus), a, um, ofcorn,grain. fartor, oris, u.,fattener (of fowls), sausage-maker.

fartum,
fas
fascia,

i,

n., [farcio,] stuffing.

f falco, onis, M., falcon. falcula, ae, F., sickle, talon.

(inclecl.), right
ae, f.,

falere,

is, N.,

pedestal, pile.

Falernus, a, um, Falernian, of a region in Campania. Faliscus, a, um, of Falerii, a city

of Etruria.
fallacia, ee, F., deceit, intrigue. fallax, acis, deceitful, fallacious.
fallo, fefelli, fals-, 3, deceive, cheat, beguile, escape nofice.

fasciculus, i, fascina, ae, F.,fagot. fascino, i, beioitch, fascinate.

(by divine law). hand, swathe. m., packet.

fascinum,

i, N., loitchcraft, amulet. fasciola, ae, f., handage. fascis, is, m., bundle; fasces, (pL), rods-and-axe, (symbol of office with power of hfe and death),

consulship.

falsi-dicus, -ficus, -loquus, speaking or acting falsely.

falsimonia,
falso
falsus, a, falx, cis,

se, f., imposition.

fastidio, 4, loathe, despise, scorn. fastidiose, disda infully. fastidiosus, a, um, full of disgust.

(e), falsely.

fastidium,
hook.

i,

N.,

loathing, aversion,

um,

deceitful, false.

haughliness, contempt.

F., scytJie, sickle,

fama,

ae, f.,

famcy report (good or

fastigatus, fastigium,

a,
i,

um,
n.,

sloping, steep.

top

(of

gable),

evil), tradition, reputation.

highest point or rank.

fastigo

ferramentum.
feiinus, a,

71

fastigo, I, tring to a point, exalt. fastooiis, a, um, haughtij, sumptuom. fastus, i, M., court-day; pl., catendar. fastus, us, M., haughtiness, contempt.
fatalis, e, fated, destined,^ fatal. fataliter, bn fate or destiny.

felicitas, atis, F.,fertility, happiness. feliciter, fruilfully, auspiciously.

um, of a

cat.

felix, icis, fertile, auspicious, happy. fellitus (-osus), a, um, full of gall.
fello,
I, to

suck.
thigh.

fateor, fassus, 2, confess, manifest. faticanus (-cinus, -dicus), ^, um, predicting fate, prophetic. fatifer, era, um, deadly.
fatigatio,
fatigo,
I,

femella, se, f., girl. feminis, g. of femur,

F., iveariness,

banter.

loeary, plague, vex,jeer.

fatim, sufjiciently. fatisco (-cor), 3, gape open, faint. fatuitas, atis, f., foUy. fatum, i, N., [for,] destiny, doom.
fatuor, I, talk foolishly. fatus, us, M. [for,] word. fatuus, a, um, prophetic (a name of Faunus). foolish, tasteless. fatuus, a, fauces, ium, f., throat, defile, gulf Faunus, i, a rustic deity of Latium, son of Picus, gr.-so*n of Saturn.

femina, ae, f., woman,female. feminatus, a, um, effeminate. femineus, a, um, of woman. femininus, a, um, feminine. femur, oris (inis), M., i/iigh. fenebris, e, of usury. feneratio, F., lending on interest. fenerator, oris, M., money-lender. feneror (-0), i, lend, practice usury,
cheat or extort by usury. fenestra, se, f., windoiv, entrance. fenestro, i,furnish with windows.
fenilia,

um

ium,
i,

N., hay-loft.

fenisex, secis, M., mower,

rustic.

fenum,

N., hay.

fenus, oris,

N., interest, gain,profit.

Paustulus, i, the shepherd brought up Romulus.

;

who

fera, ae, f., wild beast.

faustus, a, vLm,fortunate, auspicious. fautor, (-vitor j, oris, M. -trix, icis,

favorer, patron. faveo, favi, faut-, 2,favor, hefriend. favilla, 38, ., glowing embers.
F.,

feralis, e, of the dead, deadly. ferax, acis, [fero,]/cr///e.

ferculum,

i,

N., litter, bier, dish.

fere, almost, quite, hardly, generally. ferentarius, a-, um, light-armed.

Feretrius,

i,

[ferio,] ihe Subduer.

litter.

arum, F. storage-cell. Favonius, i, m., the Spring Westfavissae,

wind. favor, oris, m., good-ivill, applause. favorabilis, e, pleasing, infavor. favus, i, M., honey-comb.
fax, facis,
F., torch,

t feretrum=ferculum, feriae, arum, F., holidays, festivals. feriatus, a, um, at leisure, quiet.

ferinus,

a,

um, of

ivild beasts.

ferio, 4, strike, batter, kill, cheat. ferior, i, keep holiday.

firebrand.

faxim, faxo=fecerim, fecero, sub. and fut. perf of facio, do.

febricito, i, be ill offever. febricula, ae, f., sligld fever. febris, is, im (em), i (e), f., fever.

feritas, atis, f., ivildness, rudeness. ferme=fere, nearly, hardly.

fermentatus, a, um, loose, fermento, i, rise, ferment.

soft.

fermentum,
fero, tuli,

i,

N., leaven, beer.

latum,
;

bear, carry, bring,

Februarius,

i,

februa, orum,

M., February. N., purgation (rehgi-

qet, raise, show,^ reporf, say, tell. fei-ocia, ae -citas, tatis, F., ivild-

ous festival of February 1 5). fecunditas, atis.F., fertility,plenty. fecundo, i fertilize. fecundus, a, um, fertile, abundant.
,

ness, ferocity.

ferociter, boldly, fiercely. feroculus, a, um, rather fierce. Feronia, ae. F., adivinity of Plants.

fel, fellis, N., gall, bitterness,

wrath.

ferox, ocis, bold,fierce.

feles, is, F., cat,

ferramentum,

i,

N., iron tool.

72

ferrarius

filum.

ferrarius, a, um, o/ iron ; m., hlacksmith; F., iron-mine. ferratus, a, um, iron-clad or s/wd ferreus, a, um, o/ iron, hard, cruel.
clanklng. n., chain-house, jail. ferritribax, acis, iron-galled. ferriigineus, a, um, o/ iron-rust (color or taste). ferriigo, inis, F.; iron-rust.
a,

fiber, bri, m., beaver.

fibla=fibvila,

clasj}.

fibra, ae, F.,fhre, entrail.

ferricrepinus, ferriterium, i,

um,

fibrinus, a, um, 0/ the heaver, fibula, ae, f., clasp, pin. fibulo, I, to clasp, fasten. ficarius, a, um, offgs.

ficedula,

ae, f.,
i,

ficetum,
fictilis, e,

n.,

fg-pecker (a bird). afg-orchard.

(sword). ferriimen, inis, N., cement, rust. ferriimino, i, to solder, cement. feitilis, e,fruitful, productive.
i,

ferrum,

n., iron, steel

-tiira, ae, f., making, fashion ing, feigning. fictor, oris, M., image-maker, haker.

fictio,

of onis
;

clay, earthen.

ficus,

i (iis),

F.,fg.
3,

fertilitas, atis, F., fruitfulness, fer-

fidei-committo,
fide-jubeo,
2,

put in

trust.

ahundance. fertorius, a, um, for carrying ;

tiHty,

give security.

n.,

fidelia, ae, f., earthen pot, jar.

fidelis, e, trusty, faithful, sure. fidelitas, atis, f ., faithfulness.

sedan-chair.

fertum,

i,

n., ohlation-cake.

fertus, a, ura., fertile. ferula, ae, f., fennel, twig, rod. ferus, a, um, wild, rude, harharous ;
F.,

Fidenae, arum, Latium.

f.,

an old town of

ivild heast.

ferve-facio, 3, to hoil, melt. fervens, tis, hot, gloicing. ferveo, bui, 2 -vo (-vesco), vi,
;

fidens, tis, confident, bold. fidenter, courageously. fidentia, se, F., confdence, holdness.
fides,
ei,
f.,

trust,

heJief,

credit,

3,

jwomise, security, credihility.

fides,
is, F., string, lute, lyre.

to

hurn, glow, ferinent, swarm.

fervidus, a, um, hot, glowing,fiery. fervor, oris, m., heat, glow, passion. Fescennia, ae, f., a town of Etruria 011 the Tiber.

fidicen, inis, m. ; -cina, f., a luteplayer, or harpist. fidicula, dim. of fides, lyre. Fidius, god of Trust, an epithet of

Fescennini, rude jesting verses.

fessus,
a,

Jupiter

(as,

medius

fidius).

um,

iveary, weak.
hastily.

festinanter (-atim, -ato),

festinatio, onis, f., haste, speed. festino, i, make haste, hasten. festinus, a, um, hasty, quick, early. festive, joyously, delightfully. festivitas, atis, f., gaiety, delight, cJieer, festivity, kindness. festivus, a, um, lively, agreeahle.

fido, fisus, 3, trust, confide. fiducia, ae, F., trust, holdness, pledge. fidiicio, I, to pledge, mortgage^ fidus, a, um, trusty, sure, safe. figlinus, a, um, of a potter ; n., pot.

figmentum,
figo, xi,
figulis,

i,

'ti.,

forming, fiction.
fasten, fix, pierce.

xum,

3,

figularis, e,
i,

0/ a

potter.

m., pofter, hricklayer.

festuca,
festu.s, a,

ce, F., stalk,

straw, rod.
n., hanquet.

um,festal;

fetiales,

pl.,

the college of heralds.

feto,

I, to

hrecd, hatch, fructify.

fetura, ae, F., hringingforth. fetus, a, um, hreeding, teeming, full. fetus, VLB, M., hreeding, breed, 2^rogeny, offspring,fruit, produce. fex, f^cis=fcex, lees, dregs. fi, imperat. of fio, hecome.

se, f., shape, kind, phantom. figuratio, onis, F.,fashioning. figiiro, I, tofonn, shape, picture. filia, ae, (d. pl. abus), daughter. filicatus, a, um, decked withfern. filiola, ae, f., little daughter.

figura,

filiolus,
filius,
i,

i,

N., little son.

(v., fili),

m., son

pl. children.

filix, icis, F.,

fern.

filum,

i,

N., thread, fillet, outline.

fimbriae
fimbria?,

floreo.

73

arum,

f.,

threads, fringe.

fimus,

i,

M.,

finalis, e,

(um, n.), dung, manure. of houndaries,final.

findo, fidi, fiss-, 3, spllt, part, divide. fingo, nxi, fict, to form, fashion,

flagito, I, demand vehemently. flagrans, tis, blazing, glowing. flagranter, ardently, eagerly. flagrantia, ae, f., burning heat. flagritriba, ae, m., wearing out the lash

make, instruct, represent, invent. finio, 4, to limit, bound, appoint. finis, is, M., end, limit, horder ; pL,
bounds, territory. finitimus, a, um, bordering, neighhoring, like
; pl.,

(nickname of a
I,

slave).
gloiv,

flagro,

toflame, blaze,

hurn.

neighhors.

finitio, F., bounding, defning. finitor, oris, m., surveyor.

fio, fieri, fact-, p.

flagrum, i, n., ivhip, scourge. flamen, inis, n., hlast, ivind, gale. flamen, inis, m., priest (of one god). flaminica, afamenh ivife. flaminius, a, um, of aflamen. flamma, ae, f., flame, hlaze, passion, conflagration, peril.
a, vim,fery, red,flamecolored; N., bridal veil. flammifer (-ger), era, um, flaming, flame-bearing, fiery. flammo, i, to blaze, hurn, redden. flatilis, e, produced by hloiving.

of facio, make.
N., support, sky.

firmamentum,
firme
(-iter),

i,

flammeus,

firmator, M.,establisher.
firmitas, atis

frmly. -tudo,
;

inis,

.,frm-

ness, strength,

endurance.

firmo,

I,

strengthen, establish.
i,

Firmum,
firmus,
a,

n.J

a port of E. Italy.
stable, strong.

um,

fiscalis, e, of the treasury. fiscella (-cina), ae, F., osier hasket. fiscus, i, M., basket, treasury. fissilis, e, spUt (or that can be). fissura, ae, f., cleft, chink. fissus [findo,] split, cloven. fissipes, pedis, cloven-footed. fistuca, ae, f., rammer, heetle. fistuco, I, ram down. fistula, ae, f., pipe, tuhe, reed. fistulator, oris, m. piper. fistulosus, a, um, fuli of holes. fisus, [fido,] having trusted. fixus, [{i^o,] fxed.

flator, oris, m., hlower, caster (of metal), melter, coiner. flatura, ge, f., bloiving, casting.

flatus, us, m., hlowing, hlast.

flaveo, 2 ; -vesco, 3, to be golden, or yellow. flavus, a, um, yellow, gold-color.

flebilis, e, lamentahle, tearful.

flecto, xi, xuni, 3, to hend, turn. flemina, ae, f., sivollen ankle.
fleo, flevi, flet-, 2, iveep, drip, beivail.

fletus, us, m., iveeping.

flexanimus, a, um,
flexibilis
(-ilis), e,

ajfecting,

moved.

pliant, hending.

flabellum,

i,

.,

fan, fly-flap.

flexiloquus, a, um, equivocal. flexio, onis, f., hending, inflection. flexo, I, to hend, curve.

flabilis, e, airy.

flexuosus,
flexura,

a,

um, fidl of
;

bends.

flabra, orum, n., blasts, breezes. flacceo, 2 -cesco, 3, droop, ivither. flaccidus (flaccus), a, um, fabhy, fecble, languid. flagello, I, scourge, beat, lash.
;

-xus, us, m., hending, turning, winding. flexus, [flecto,] bent.

se, f.

flictus, us, M., clash.

flo, I, to blow, cast (metal).

flagellum,

i,

n., ivhip,- thong.

floccus,
floces,

i,

M., lock
F.,

of

ivool, trifle.

flagitatio, F., earnest request. flagitator, oris, M., demander, dun.

um,
ae,

dregs, lees.

Flora,

flagitiose, infamously. flagitiosus, a, um, shameful, infamous, disgraceful. flagitium, i, N., disgraceful thing or act ; scoundrel, villain.

floralis, e,

goddess of Flowers. of Flora ; n., pl., garden.

florens, tis, shining, flourishing. ae, F., Florence. floreo, ui, 2, to bloom, flower, swell, flourish, prosper.

Florentia,

74

floresco

fortiter.

floresco, ui, 3, come into hlossom. floreus (-idus), a, um, of Jiowers, Jioioei^U, abounding injiowers. florilegus, a, um, cuUing Jiowers. florulentus, a, um, ahoundlng in Jlowers^ blooming, youthfuL flos, oris, M.,Jiower, blossom, top. flosculus, i, M., Jloweret. flucto, I, to icave, Jlow. fluctuatio, onis, f., wavering.

follis, is, m., hellows, ivind-hag.

follitim,

ivith
i,

money-bags.
n., poullice, comfort.

fomentum,
fomes,
fons,

itis, u., tinder, touchivood.

tis, M., a,

fontanus,
for, fatus,

Jountain, source. um, of a spring.

m., [fons.J spring.
(

fonticulus,

i,

I,

38,

iv.),

speak^ say.

foramen,

inis, n., aperlure.

foras, out of doors.

fluctuo (-or), I, undulafe, ivaver, fluctuosus, a, um, billowij.

fluctus, us, M., ivave, billow, Jlood. fluens, tis^Jlowing, lax,Jiuent. fluentum, i, N.,Jiood, stream. fluidus, a, um, Jiowing, Jiuki, lax.
fluito,
I,

foratus, us, m., horing. forceps, ipis, D., tongs, pincers. fordus, a, um, ivifh young. fore, fut. infin. of sum, to he. forensis, e, of t/ieforum. forfex, flcis, f., siiears.
forica,
se, ., storeiiouse.

Jioat, ivaver, und.ulate.

flumen,
fluo, xi,
jjour,

inis, n., stream, river,Jiood.

a,

forinsecus, from wlthout.

fliimineus,

um, of a
3, to

river.

xum,

Jiow, overjlow,

come fortli, pass away.

fluor, oris, u., jiowing, fiux. flustra, orum, N., cabn at sea. fluto,
I ,

to Jloat.

fluvialis (-atilis), e, of a river. fluvius, i, M., river, stream. fluxio.onis; -xus, iis, m., aflowing.

fluxus
focale,
focillo,

[fbxo,'] Jiuid, loose, frail.

is, n.,
I ,

[faux,] necic-band. comjort ivitii warmtii.

foculus, fire-pan^ hrazier. focus, i, M., Jire-place, iieartii. fodico, I, to jyierce. fodina, ee, f., pit, mine. fodio, fodi, foss-, 3, dig. fcederatus, a, um, leagued. foedero, i, to league, estahlisiu foedifragus, a, um, perfidious.
foeditas, atis, Y.,foulness,Jiltii. foedo, I, to defile, disjigure. foedus, a, \m\,foul, ugly. foedus, eris, n., league, treaty.

um), doo7\ abroadyfrom icitiiout. forma, ae, f., siiape, beauty, mould. formalis, e, of a Jbrm or mould. formatio, onis, f., forming, design. formator, oris, m., former, framer. Formiae, arum, f,, a town of S. Latium. formioa, ae, F., ant. formicinus, a, um, Uice ants. formidabilis, e, fearj^d. formido, i, tofear, dread. formido, inis, F., fear, dread. formidolosus, a, um, timidy dreadforis, is, F., (gen. pl.
foris,

ful, fearful, afraid.

a, um, wann. formo, I, tofashion, siiape. formosus, a, um, beautiful. formula, ae, f., beauty, pattern, ruie. formus, a, um, warm. fornacalis, e, of afurnace or oven.

forraidus,

fornax, aciS, F., furnacCy oven, Iciln. fornicatim, arclavise. fornicatus, a, imi, arciied, vaulted.
fornix, icis, M., arch, vault, foro, I to bore, pierce.
,

foenus=fenu3,
foeteo
;

profit.
3, iiave

hrotliel.

2,

-esco,
a,

an

ili

smell.

foetidus,

um, qf

evil

odor,foul.

forpex,

icis, f., curling-tongs.

foetor, oris, m., stencii. foetus=fetus, jjroduce. foetiitina, ae, f., din-itole, puddle.

fors, tis, F., ciiance, fortune. fors, forte, forsan, forsit, forsitan,

leafy; n., ointment. folium, i, n., leaf trifle. foUioulus, i, m., hag, pod, Jmsk.

foliatus, a,

um,

fortasse, jyeriiaps. fortax, acis, M., base offurnace,

fortis, e, strong, brave, vigorous. fortiter, vigorously, holdly.

fortitudo
fortitudo, inis, F., vigoi', hravery. fortuitus, a, um, accldental,

fringilla.
fraternitas, atis,

75
f.,

hrotherhood.

fraternus,
fratricida,

a,

um,

hrotherly.

fortuito fortuna,

(tu), accidentalhj.
39, f.,

fortune (good or

fratria, ee, f., hrother^s loife. ae, m., fratricide.

ill), condition; t^X., propertTj. fortiinatus, a, um, fortunate, pros2)erous, happy.

fortuno, I, make pros2Jerous. foruli, olrum, m., hook-shelves.

forum, i, N.^^Juhlic square, market; a square in Rome, the chief

place of pubHc business. forus, i, M., gangway, row of seats or cells, garden-hed. fossa, ae, f., ditch, trench.
fossilis,

fraudatio, onis, f., deceit, fraud. fraudator, oris, m., deceiver, cheat. fraudo, i, cheat, defraud, steal. fraudulentia, ae, f., deceit. fraudulentus, a, um, deceitful. fraus, dis, f., deceit, crime, harm. fraxinus, i, f., ash; spear.

-tius, a,

um,

dug-up.

fossio, onis; -iira, ee, f., digging. fossor, oris, m., digger. fossus, [fodio,] dug. fotus, [foveo,] icarmed, cherished. fotus, iis, m. warming, comforting.

fraxinus (-eus), a, um, ashen. Fregellanus, a, um, of Fregellce, an old town of Latium. fremebundus, a, um, murmuring. fremitus, iis, m., roaring noise. fremo, ui, it-, 3, roar, murmur,
grumhle, growl, mutter. m., low roaring. frenator, oris, M., controller. frendo, fres-, 3, gnash, crush. freniger, a, um, hridled. freno, i, to hridle, curh, check.

fremor, oris,

fovea, ae, f., pit, pitfcdl. foveo, fovi, fot-, 3, to icarm, cherish. fraces, um, m., grounds, dregs. fracesco, cui, 3, grow mellow or
rancid.

frenum,
curh,

i,

n.

(pl.,

i,

m., or a, n.),

hit,

hridle, rein.

fracidus,

a,

um,

soft, melloio.

fractiira, ae, f., hreach, fragment. fractus, [frango,] hroken.

fraenum=frenum, curh, hit. fraga, orum, n., strawherries.

fragesco,
3, he

frequens, tis,frequent, crowded,full. frequenter, often, in large numbers. frequentatio, onis, f., crowding. frequentatus, a, um, much used. frequentia, ae, f., croicd, ihrong. frequento, i, to resort, frequent^
crowd, assemhle, celehrate. fresus, [frendo,] hruised.
fretalis, e,

hroken or suhdued.
cqyt to

fragilis, e, frcdl,
ness, weakness.

hreak.

fragilitas, atis, f., frailty, hrittle-

of a

strait.

fretum,
fretus,

i,

n., strcdt, channel, sea.

fragmen,

inis, n., fracture, wreck,

n., fragment,

a,

um,

relying, sustained,

fragment.

trusting, daring.
i,

fragmentum,

rem-

nant. fragor, oris, m., crash, din.

fragosus,

a,

um,

fragile,

hroken,

rough, roaring, crashing.

fragrans, tis, sweet-scented. fragrantia, e, f., fragrance.

fragro,
emit odor. framea, ae, F., spear, sword. frango, fregi, fract-, 3, to hreak, crusli, hruise, weaken, suhdue. frater, tris, m., hrother.
i, to

fretus, iis, M., reliance. frico, cui, ct- (cat-), i, to rub. frictus, [frigo,] roasted, parched. frigeo, 2 ; -esco, frixi, 3, to be cold, stiff, torj)id, languid, fcdnt. frigidarius, a, um, of cooling ; N., cooling-room pl., cold-closet. frigide, coldly, feehly, flatly. frigidulus, a, um, rather cold or stiff. frigidus, a, um, cold, cool, chill, dull. frigo, xi, ct- (xum), 3, roast, fry. frigus, oris, n., coldness, ivinter, chill.
,

fraterculus, i, m., little hrother. fraterne, hrotherly, heartily.

frigiitio, 4, to twitter,

stammer.
(?),

friugilla, ee, f., rohin

finch.

76
frio,
I, to

frio
rub, break, crumhle.

fumifico.
fruticosus, a, um, bushy, shruhhy. frux, gis, F.,fruit,produce, [fruges.]
fiicatus,
fiico,
I,

rfritilla, ae, f., gruel.

fritillus,

i, m., dice-box. fritinnio, 4, twilter. frivolus, a, um, sillf/, paltry.

a,

um,

counterfeit.

to

paint, dye, stain.

fiicosus,
ae, F.,

a,

um,

painted,

colored,

frixorium,

i,

n.

frixura,

stained, counterfeit.

fryimj-pan. frixus, [frigo,] roasted. frondator, oris, m., leaf-pruner. frondeo, 3 ; -esco, dui, 3, putforth
leaves.

fiicus,

i, M., oi^chil (a lichen), red, rouge, deceit ; hee-glue; drone. fuga, 6, F.,fight, exile, avoiding.

frondeus (-ifer, -osus), a, um, leafj.

frons, dis, f., leaf bough, garland. frons, tis, f., brow, front, forehead. frontalia, um, N., frontlet. fronto, onis, m., wide-brow. fructifer, era, um, fruit-bearing.

fugaciter, in fieeing. fugax, acis, Jieet, Jieeing. fugicus, tis, Jleeting, vanishing. fugio, fiigi, fugit-, 3, fiee, pass away, avoid, escape. fugitivus, a, um, runaivay, deserter.
fugito, i,fiee hastily, avoid. fugo, I, drive, cJiase, rout.
fui, perf.

fructuarius, a, um, offruit-bearing. fructuosus, a, um, fruitful, profitable, abounding infruit.

fructus, [fruor,] enjoying. fructus, iis, m., fruit, profit, enjoyment, consequence, result. friigalis, e, thrifty, prudent.
fjugalitas, atis, f., thrift, icorth. fruges, [frux,] /n7.s (of the earth). frugi (indecl.), icorthy, useful. frugifer, era, um, fruit-bearing. frumentarius, a, um, of corn,

of sum,

to he.

fulcimen,

inis, n., p)rop.

fulcio, fulsi, fult-, 4, to prop, support, strengthen, secure.

fulcrum,

i,

N., bed-post,
;

couch.
3, toglitter,

fulgeo, fulsi, 2

-gesco,

Jlash, shine, lighlen.

fulgetrum,

i,

n., lieat-lightning.

fulgidus, a, um, glittering, shining. fulgor, oris, m., Jiash, gleam, splendor, brigiitness, glory.

abounding in corn ; res frumenof corn. frumentatio, onis, f., providing or distributing of corn, foraging.
taria, supply

fulgur, iiris, n., liglitning. fulguralis, e, of ligJitning. fulguratio, onis, F., JiasJdng. fulgurio, 4, to Jiurl ligJitning.

fulguro,
fulica,

i, to ligliten,
;

fasJi, sJiine.

frumentor, i,fetch or provide corn. friimentum, i, N., corn, grain.

fruniscor, nitus,
3,

ae,

-lix, icio, f. coot, diver.

enjoy.
to enjoy.

fuligo, ginis, f., soot. fullo, onis, M., fuller.

fruns=frons, tis, leaf fruor, fruct- (fruit-), 3,

frustatim

fullonicus

(-ius, a,

um, of fullers;
sJiop.

.,fuUer^s art or

(-tillatim), pieceiaeal.

frusto, I, break in pieces. frustfa, in vain, ivithout reason. frustratio, onis, f., deceiving, disappointment, failure.

fulmen, inis, fulmenta, ae,

n., tJiunderbolt.
f.,

prop, shoe-heel. prop, hedpost. fulminatio, onis, f., LigJitning.

fulmentum,
fulmineus,
holt,

i,

N.,

a,

um, of

tJie

tJiunder-

frustror (-tro), i, deceive, disappoinf. frustulentus, a, um, full ofcrumbs. frustum, i, n., piece, fragment.

destructive.
i, Jiurl

fulmino,

ligJitnings, hlast.

frutectum,

i,

N., shridnbery.
n., thicket, shrubbery.
i,

frutex, icis, m., shrub, bush, stem.

fultura, ae, F., support. fultus, [fulcio,] propped. fulvus, a, um, yellow, iawny.

fruticetum,

i,

fiimeus

frutico, (-cor), hushy.

to

sprout,

grow

(-idus), a, um, smoky. fumifer, era, um, emitting smoke. fumiiico, i, hurn incense.

fumigo
fumigo,
I, to

galbeum.
furinus,
furio,
I,

77

smoke, fumigate.

a,

fumo, I, to smoke, steam, reek. fumo3US, a, um, smohj, reeking. fumus, i, M., smoke, fiime, vapor.
funaiis,
thong,
e,

um, of thieves. madden, enrage.

of a rope or trace;

N,,

candlestand. fiinambulus, i, m,. rope-dancer.

torc/i,

funarius, a, um, of a rope. functio, onis, f., discharging, fulfilment, execution.

furiosus, a, um, raging, furious. furnus, i, m., oven. furo, ui, 3, rage, he furious. fiiror, i, to steal, take aivay secretly. furor, oris, m., raging, madness. furtim, stealthily. furtivus, a, um, stolen, secret.

furtum,

i,

n., theft, deceit.

i,

funotus, [fungor,] having fulfilled. funda, ce, F., sUng, casting-net, purse.
inis -mentum, foundalion, groundwork. fundator, oris, m., founder.

fiirunculus,

m., pilferer ; hoil.

fundamen,

i,

n.,

furvus, a, um, dusky, gloomy. fuscina, ae, f., trident. fusco, I, to hlacken, darken. fuscus, a, um, swarthy, dark, hoarse,
fiise, extended, copiously.

fundatus, a, um, durable. Fundi, orum, a town of Latium.

fundito, I, to hurl, sling. funditor, oris, M., slinger. funditus, /ro/ft the holtom, utterly. fundo, fSdi, fiis-, 3, to pour, melt, hathe, pour or spread forth, utter. fundo, I, to estahlish, found, secure.

fusilis, e, molten, liquid.

fiisio, onis, fustibalus,
f.,
i,

pouring, melting.

m., sling-staif.

fustis,

is, M.,

fustuarium,

i,

cudgel, staff, cluh. n., heating to death.

fusus, [fundo,] spread, diffuse. fiisus, lis, M., melting, pouring.

fiisus,
i,

fundus,

i,

M., hottom, estate.

M., spindle.

fiinebris,

e;

-ereus,

a,

um, of

fiitatim, ahundantly.
fiitilis, e,

hurial, deadltj, fatal.

fiinero, i, hurj, destroy. fiinesto, i, pollute (with murder).

[fundo,] loose, vain, for pouring ; N., pjan.

idle^

fiitilitas, atis, f., vanity.

funestus,

a,
i,

um,
n.,

fatal,

mournful.

futiirus, fut. part. of

sum,

to he.

funetum,

arhor of vines.

funginus, a, um, of mushrooms. fungor, funct-, 3, perform, fulfil. fungosus, a, um, fungous, spongy. fungus, i, M., mushroom, sqft-head,
candle-smiff'.

G.
gabalus,
i,

m., galloivs.

fiiniculus,

i,

m., slender cord.

fiinis, is, M., rope, cord, line.

funus, eris, n., hurial, corpse, death, ruin, funeral rites.

fuo,

3,=sum,

he.

fur, fiiris, m., thief knave, drone.

gabatae, arum, f., platter. Gabii, orum, m., an old city of Latium, 12 miles from Rome. Gades, ium, f., Cadiz, a port of Spain, a Phoenician colony. gaesum, i, n., heavy Gallic javelin. Gaetuli, orum, a people of N.-W.
Africa, in

furax, acis, thievish. furca, se, F., fork, stake, prop. furcifer, eri, m., yoke-hearer {ra.sc3\). furcilla, ae, f., dim. of furca, /or^\ furcula, ae, f., forked prop, ravine.
furfur, uris, m., hran, scurf.

Morocco.
M.,

fgagates, ae, M., asphalt, jet. fgalactites (galaxias), 8B,

milk-stone.

arum, f., madness ; Furies (goddesses of Vengeance). furialis, e, raging, maddening. furibundus, a, um, mad, raging.
furiae,

Galatas, arum, people of Galatia, in N. central Asia Minor. galbaneus, a, um, of galhanum. galbanum, i, n., a fragrant gum.

galbanus,

a,
i,

um,
n.
;

galbeum,

greenish yellow. us, m., arm-hand.

78

galbula
.

genticus.
gaza, ae, f., treasure. Gela, se, f., a city in S. Sicily. gelasco, ^,freeze.
gelatio, onis, .,freezing.

galbula, ee, F., yelloiv tJirush ( ?) galbulus, i, M., cypress-cone. galbus, a, um, yellow ; smooth.

galea, ae, f., helmet (of leather). galeatus, a, um, helmeted. galena, ae, F., lead-ore, dross. galeo, I to put on the helmet. galeritus, a, um, hooded; F., crested
,

gelicidium,

i,

i<;.,frost.

lark.

gelide, coldly, faintly. gelidus, 1, um, cold, icy. gelo, i,freeze, chill, stiffen. gelu, iis, N., frost, cold, chill.

galerus,
galla,

i,

m.

-um,

N., leather cap.

ae, f., gall-nut.

gemellus, [geminus,] twin. geminatio, onis, f., douhling.

gallans, tis, revelling, raving. Gallia, ae, f., Gaul, including Belgium, P>ance, and Switzerland. gallicinium, i, N., cock-crowing. Gallicus, (-canus), a, um, Gallic. gallina, ae, f., hen. gallinaceus (-aricus), a, um, of
poultry. gallinula,
ae, f., pullet.

gemino, i, to douhle, redouhle,join. geminus, a, um, twin, douhle, like.

gemitus,
lis,

m., a

sigli,

groan, roar.
glitler-

gemma, ee, f., hud, gem. gemmeus, a, um, of gems,

ing, sparkling.

gemmifer, era, um, containing gems.

gemmo,
shine

i,

to

put forth buds, or

ivith

gems.

Gallograecia, ee=Galatia. Gallus, i, M,, a Gaul; a Phrygian stream a priest of Cybele.

;

gemmula,
gemo,
gena, gener,

ee, f.,

[gemma,]

hud.

ui, it-, 3, sigh, heivail, se, f., cheek, eyelid.

moan.

gallus,

i,

M., cock.

eri, m., son-in-law.

e, generic,

gamba,

ae, F., hoof.

;

generalis,

general.

ganea, ae, f. -um, i, n., cook-shop. ganeo, onis, m., glutton. Ganges, is, m., a river of India. gannio, i, to yelp, bark. gannitus, us, M., yelping, chirping. ganta, ae, f. (German), a goose. Ganymedes, is, myth. son of

generatim, hy kinds, generally. generator, oris, m., author, father.

genei'0,
i,

engender, produce.
atis, F., nohle hreed.
a,

generositas,

generosus,
f

um, of

nohle descent,

great, nohle, generous. genesis, is, f., birth, creation.

icis, F., mother.

Laomedon, stolen by J iipiter. Garamantes, um, a tribe of interior Africa.

genetrix,

Garganus, i, m., a stormy mountain range of Apuha. Gargara, orum, a mt. near Troy.
f gargarizo,
i
,

-ua), ae, f., a city on the Helvetian boundary of Gaul. genialis, e, of hirth, nuptial, genial. genialiter, genially, merrily.

Geneva (-ava,

geniculatus,

a,

um,

icith

hent knee,

to gargle.

knotted, hent, crooked.

garrio, 4, to chatter, talk. garrulitas, atis, f., chattering.

geniculum,
genista
;

i,

n., [genu,] knee, knot.

(-esta), ae, f., hroom-plant.

garrulus,

a,

um,
i,

talkative,

garru-

lous, h(d)hling,

murmuring.
-N.,fsh-sauce. 2 ( 35, ii), to re(at heart).

fgarum

(on),

gaudeo, gavisus,

genitalis, e -tivus, a, um, ofhirth or generalion,fruitful, fertilizing. genitor, oris, M.,father. genitiira, ae -tus, iis, M., hirth, gen;

joice, he glad, delight in.

gaudium,
f

i,

n.,

joy

eration, hegetting. genitus, [gigno,] hegotten.

gaulus,

i,

m., hucket, tuh.

Gaurus, i, a mt. of Campania. gausapa, se (-es,-e, -um),frieze,felt.

gavisus, [gaudeo,] glad.

genius, i, m. (v. i), divine guardian ; genius or inclincdion. gens, tis, f,, clan, race, house. genticus, a, um, ofa tribe or j^eople.

gentilicius
gentilicius, a, ura, of a clan or family. gentilis, e, ofthe same clan or liouse. gentilitas, atis, f., kindred of clan. genu, iis, n., knee,joint.

gloria.

79

Genua,

ee, f.,

Genoa;

also, Geneva.
innate,

um, n., garters. genuinus, a, um, [genus,]

genualia,

native; [gena,] oftke clieek orjaw. genus, eris, n., birth, hreed, race.

gibber, era; gibbus (osus, -erosus), a, um, hunch-backed. Gigantes, um, the Giants, sons of Earth and Tartarus. gignentia, um, n., growing things. gigno, genui, genit-, 3, heget, produce ; p., arise, spring forth. gilvus, a, um, ^;a/e yellow. giugi 7a, ae, f., the gum.

ginnus=hinnus,

mule.

fgeometres
geometer.

(-tra), ee

-ter, tri, M.,

git, gith, coriander.

f geometria, ae, F., geometry. f georgicus, a, um, of husbandry. germana, ae, f., sister. germane, faUhfully, hrotherly. Germania, ae, f., Germany.

glaber, bra, um, smooth, beardless, bald; M., a youthful slave.

glacialis, e, icy. glacies, ei, f., ice.

germanitas,

atis, f., hrotherhood.

glacio, I freeze, harden, congeal. gladiator, toris, m., a prizefighter, gladiator, sivordsman, cutler.
,

germanus, germanus,

i,

M., hrother.

gladiatorius,
bro-

a,

um, of

gladiators.

a,

um, of oneh own

gladiatiira,

ae, F.,

sword-fight.

ther or sister, yenuine, irue.

Germanus,
germen,

a,

um, German.
iis,

inis, n., sprig, sprout, hud.

germinatio, onis,

F. ; -tus, sprouting, germination.

M.,

germino,

i, to bud, germinate. gero, gessi, gest-, 3, to hear, carry, wear, ivage (war), show, transact. gero, onis, m., abducter, carrier. gerrae, arum, F., trifes, nonsense. gerro, onis, m., trifier, loafer. gerulus, a, um, bearing, doing. f gerusia, ae, F., old man''^ retreat. Geryon, onis, myth. k. of Spain, a monster with three bodies. gestamen, inis, n., burden, a thing icorn, ornament, equipment, litter. gestatio, onis, F., hearing, carrying, place of resort. gestator, oris, m., hearer, carrier. gesticulor, i make gestures. gestio, onis, f., doing, j)erforming. gestio, 4, exult, desire eagerly.
,

gladiolus, i, m., small sword. gladius, i, M., sword; killing. glandarius, a, um, ofacorns. glandifer, fera, um, acorn-bearing, glandium, i, n., dainty bit. glandulae, pl., glands (of throat).
glanis, is, F. ; -us, i, M., shad ( glans, dis, F., aconi, nut, bullet. glarea, 9B, f., gravel.
.^)

glareosus,

a,

um,

gravelly.
f.,

glastum,
f f f

i,

n.,

woad.
i,

glauceum
glaucoma,

(-cion),
i,

celandine.

glauciscus,

m., blue-fish. atis, n. ; -ma, ae, F.,

cataract (of the eye). glaucopis, idis, f., owl. Glaucus, i, myth. son of Sisyphus. f glaucus, a, um, hluish-gray. glebai ae, f., clod, sod, soil, lump. glebalis, e, of clods or land. glebula, ae, f., small clod orfarm.
i,

glesum,
glisco,

glis, gliris, m.,

3,

gesto

(-tito), I, bear, carry, report.

gestor, oris, m., tale-hearer. gestus, [gero,] horne ; res gestae,

deeds, exploits. gestus, us, M., gesture, hearing.

globo, I, globosus,

amber. dormouse. swell, grow, spread, kindle. make round, heaptogether.

N.,
a,

um,
i,

spherical.

globus

(-ulus),

M., bali, glohe.

gesum=gaesum, javelin.
GetsB, arimi, a Thracian people near the Danube.

round mass. glomero, i, to heap, gather in mass. glomus, eris, N., hall of thread. gloria, ae, F., glory, fame, ambition.

glomeramen,

inis, N.,

80

gloriatio

gravamen.
gramen, inis, n., grass, herb. gramineus, a, um, grassy. f grammaticus, a, um, ofgrammar;

gloriatio, onis, f., glorying. gloriola, ae, f., modest glory. glorior, i, to boast, pride one^s

self.

gloriosus,

a,

um, famous,
F.,
;

hoastful.
sister.

glos, gloris,

husband^s

mar ;
f

M., pJiilologist: ., (-ce, es), granin. p\., phi/ology.

se,

f glossa, ae, f.

-ema, atis, n., a foreign word, needing explanation.

3, to strip, peel.
;

grammatista,
master.

m., gramynar-

glubo,

glus, utis, F., glue. gliitinator, oris, N., bookbinder. gliitino, I, to glne, fasten. glutinosus, a, um, gluey, tenacious. glutio, 4, swaUoiv, gulp, cluck. gluto, 5nis, M., glutton.

gluten, inis, n.

granaria, orum, n. pl., granary. granatus, a, um, having seeds or grains : F., pomegranate.

grandaevus, a, um, aged. grandesco, 3, grow great. grandiloquus, a, um, lofty-speaking, boasful, grandiloquent.

um, tenacious, soft. gnarus, a, um, knowing, skilful. gnatus=natus, born (son). gnavus=navus, busy. f gnomon, 6nis M., index of dial. gno3CO=nosco, know. Gnosius, a, um, Cretan ; ofGnosus,
glutus,
a,

grandinat,
hail.

it

hails.

grandineus
grandio, grandis,

(-osus), a,

um, full of

4, to
e,

enkwge, increase.
tall,

great,

strong, old,

sublime, grand.

the old capital of Crete.

granditas, atis, F., grandeur. granditer, exceedingly.

gnotus, [nosco,] known.

Gorgo (on), onis, the Gorgon, a name of Medusa. G-ortynius, a, um, Cretan (of
Gortyna). Gothi, orum, the Goths, a tribe of N. Germany. f grabatus, i, M., couch, pallet. Gracchus, Ti, tribune, b.c. 133; C. id., 123, authors of popular
laws,

grando, inis, f., hail, hailstorm. Granicus, m., a stream in Mysia.

granifer, era,

um,

carrying grain.

granum,

i,

n., grain, seed, kernel.

f graphicus, a, vim, of drawing. f graphis, idis, F., pencil, draught.

f graphium, i, N., ivriting-style. grassator, oris, M., idler, rioter.

grassatura, se, f., grassor, i, roam,

rioting,
loiter,

waylaying.

attack,stay.

and
e,

slain
F.,

by the

nobility.

gracilis,

slender, plain, meagre.

gracilitas, atis,

sienderness, lean-

grate, gladly, gratefully. grates, f., thanks. gratia, se, F., favor, esteem, regard,
friendship, grace, injiuence.

ness, simplicity.

graculus, i, M., jackdaw. gradarius, a, um, of steps, pacing.

gradatim,
iiig steps.

step by step, gradiially.

F.,

gradatio, onis,

making or

tak-

gradatus, a, um -ilis, e, with steps. gradior, gressus, 3, go, take steps. Gradivus, i, an epithet of Mars. gradus, iis, m,, step, degree, station. Graeae, arum, the gray sisters, daui^hters of Phorcus.
;

gratia (abl.), for the sake of. Gratiae, arum, the Graces, Aglaia, Euphrosyne, Thalia. gratiis (gratis), ivithout reward. gratificatio, F., showing kindness. gratificor, i, do favors, gratify. gratiosus, a, um, enjoying or showing favor, agreeable, beloved. grator, i, rejoice, congratulate. gratuitus, a, um, done without pay. gratulatio, F., congratulation, joy. gratulor, i, to congratulate, give joy or thanks. gratus, a, um, grateful, agreeahle.

Graecia,

ae, f.,

Greece.

Graecus, a, um, Greek. Graius, a, um, Greek.

grallae,

arum,

f., stilts.

gravamen, inis, n., trouble, vexation.

gravastellus
gravastellus, i, m., gray-head. gravate, reluctantly.

Hadriaticus.
fgummi,
gurdus,
gurges,
i,

81

gummeus (-atus), a, um, gummy.

N. indec.
;

-is, is, f.,

gum.

gravatim, icith dij/iculty. gravedo, inis, f., catarrh. graveolens, tis, ofrank odor. gravesco, 3, grow heavy, teem. gravido, i, to load, hurden. gravidus, a, um, hwdened, teeming.
gravis,
e,

M., dolt, blockhead.

itis, m., gulf ahyss, stream, Jiood, ivhirlpool, prodigal.

f., gullet.

gurgulio, onis,

gurgustium,

i,

n., hut.

lieavy,

Jmrdensome, deep,

of iveight or influence, rank. graviter, iveightily, seriously, deeply. gravitas, atis, F., iveight, vehemence,
dignity, severity, rankness.

gustatus, iis M., taste, fiavor. gusto, I, to taste, enjoy. gustus, iis -ulus, i, m., taste, reiish,
;

fore-taste.

gutta (-ula), se, f., drop, guttatim, drop by drop.

spot, bit.

gravo, I, to load heavily ; P.,feelas a hurden, he tceary. gregalis, e, of the herd or common
sort
:

guttatus, a, um, speckled. guttur, uris, n., throat. guttus, i, m., bottie, flask.
f

pl., e,

gregalis,

companions. ofthe herd.

a,

gymnasium, i, n.,
ing,

schoolfor traina,

gregarius,

um, of

the herd,

com-

gymnasium. f gymnicus (gymnasticus),

gymnastic.
f

um,

mon
grego,

(solcliers).

gregatim, inflocks or herds.

I,

gynaeceum,
I,

herd together.
i,

tvomen^s aparti, n., ment, an inner room.

to 2^i(ister.
i,

gremium,

n., lap,

bosom.

gypso,
t f

gressus, [gradior,] stepping. gressus, us, m., a stepping, going. grex, gregis, f., fiock, herd, company, swarm, troop. groma, ae, f., measuring-rod. grossus, a, um, tliick, gross ; m., green fg. griimus, i, M., hillock.

gypsum,

N., piaster, stucco.

gyrinus, i, m,, tadpoie. gyro, I, to-wheei in a circle. f gyrus, i, m., circie, ring, race-course. Gytheum, i, n., a port of Laconia.

grunnio,

4, to grunt.

grus, gruis, f., crane. gryllo, I, to chirp. fgryllus, i, m., grasshopper, cricket. Gryneus, i (0/ Grynia or Grynium, a town of y^olis), Apoilo.
f gryps, gryphis, m., griffin.

habena,

39, F.,

thong, rein.

habentia, habeo, ui,

property. have, hoid, regard, consider, use, possess, enjoy. habilis, e, handy,ft, expert. habilitas, atis, F.. aptitude.
ae, f,,
it-, 2,

grypus, i, m., hook-nosed. giibernaculum, i, n., helm, guidance, government.

habitabilis, e, habitahle. habitatio, onis, F., dweiiing, rent. habitator, oris, M., dweiier.

gubernatio, onis,

f., steering,

gov-

erning, piloting. giibernator, oris, m., pilot, steers-

habito, I hold, possess, dweil. habitiido, inis, F., condition, hahit.

,

habitiirio, 4, desire

to

jwssess.
quality.

man, governor.
giibernatrix, icis,
f., directress.

guberno, i, steer, direcl, govern. giibernum, i, n., helm, rudder.

gula, ae, f., throat, gullet. gulo, onis, M., epicure, glutton.

habitus, [habeo,] held. habitus, us, M., condition, hac, [hic,] by ihis icay.

hactenus, hitherto, thus far. Hadria, ae, m., the Adriatic. Hadriaticus, a, um, of the Adriatic,

gulosus,

a,

um,

gluttonous, dainty.

the Sea E. of Italy.

82

Hadrumetum
i,

Helle.
hook.

Hadrumetum,
Africa.

n.,

a city of N.

harpago, i, to plunder. fharpago, onis, m., grapplingf

hcedinus, a, um, of a kid. haedus (-illus), i, m., kid. Haemonia, se, F., a name
Thessaly.

of

fharpax, agis, rapacious. jharpe, es, f., sickle, falcon. Harpyia, ae, a rapacious monster
half bird, half woman. harundo=arundo, reed.

Haemus,

i,

m.,

tlie

Balkan, mts. of
2, to cling, stay,

Thrace.
hsereo, haesi, haes-,
s/ick fust.

haruspex,
entrails).

icis,

m.,

diviner (from

heeres=heres,

heir.
f., sect, craft.
f.,

fhaeresis, is (eos), haesitatio, onis,

hesitation.

stammering,
hesitate.

hasta, ge, f., spear, pike; sub hasta, at anction. hastatus, a, um, spear-armed, ofthe front rank of the Roman legion.
hastile,
is, n.,

haesito,

i, stick^

stammer,

spear-shaft.

Halcyone=Alcyone.
halec=alec, brine. haleca=alica, mush. Halesus, i, son of Agamemnon. Halicarnassus, i, f,, a city of
Caria. halitus, us, m., breath, vapor. hallex=allex, thumh.

hastula, ae, F., a little spear or hranch. haud (hau, haut), not at all.

hauddum, not yet. haudquaquam, hy

no lueans. haurio, hausi, haust-, 4, draw, drain, consume. haustus, iis, m., draicing, draught.

hallucinor=alucinor, dream.
halo,
f
I,

hreathe, exhale.
se, F.,

haveo=aveo, covct. t hebdomas, adis, F.,

Hebe,
es,
;

tveek, seven.

halophanta,
villain.

saU-informery

goddess of Youth.

f halos, o, F., halo. fhalter, eris, m., diimh-hell.

Halys, yos, Minor.

M.,

a river of Asia

fhama

(-ula), ae, f., water-hucket.

hebeo, 2 (-esco, 3), he hlunt. hebes, etis, hlunt, dull, dim. hebeto, i, make hlunt. Hebrus, i, m., a river of Thrace. Hecate, es, F., goddess of enchantments.

hamadryas,
hamatilis,

adis, f., wood-nymph. hooked. hamatus, a, um, hooked, crooked. f hamaxagoga, ae, n., icaggoner. fhamaxo, i, to yoke to a waggon. Hamilcar, aris, father of Hannibal, chief in the ist Punic war.
e,

hecatombe,
Hector,

es, f., hecatomh.

5ris, ora,

son of Priam,

champion of Troy. Hecuba, ae, wife of Priam.

hedera, ae, f., ivy. hederatus, a, um, ivy-crowned.

thedychrum,
hei
!

i,

n., cosmetic.

hamiota,

ee, m.,

angler.
i,

alas

hamus

(-ulus),

m., hook, talon.

Hannibal,

a Carthaginian chieftain, b.c, 247-183. Hanno, onis, a general of Carthage, enemy of Hannibal.
alis,

t helcium, i, N., yoke (for hauling). Helena, d. of Jupiter and Leda, wife of Menelaus. Heliades, um, sisters of Phaethon, changed to poplars.

haphe,

es, f., dust, sand.

thelianthes,

is, N.,

sunjiowers.

hara,

pen, coop, sty. harena=arena, sand. hariolor, i, prophesy, talk nonsense. hariolus, i, m. -ola, ae, F., diviner. harmonia, ae, f., harmony, concord.
se, f.,
;

osier. t helice, es, f., icilloiv,

Helicon, onis, a mt. of Boeotia.

ivy. t helix, icis, f., twining

Helle, es, myth. d. of Athamas, drowned in the Hellespont.

helleborus
f helleborus,
i,

Hierosolyma.
Hero,

83

n., hellehore.

helluo=heluo, (jlutton. Hellespontus, i, m., the

Hermione, es, d. of Menelaus. Hernici, orum, an ancient people

of
of Latium. us, a priestess of Venus in Sestos, beloved by Leander. Herodotus, i, a Greek Historian, of Halicarnassus, b.c. 450.

strait

DardaiieUes, S. E. of Thrace. fhelops, opis, m., sturgeon. Helotes, um, the Spartans' slaves. heluo, onis, m., gluiton. heluor (helluor),i, g ormandize.

helus (helvella)=oius,

pot-herh.

helvenaous

(-veolus), a,

um,

pale

yellow, ijelloioish.

Helvetii, orum, people of Helvetia (Svvitzerland).

heroicus, a, um, of heroes. heroina, ae -is, idis, f., heroine. f heros, ois, 6a, M., hero, demigod. f herous, a, um, of a hero. f herpes, etis, m., a creeping sore.
f f
;

herus

(erus),

i,

m., master, owner.

ivild

helvus, a, um, dun, yellowish hrown. hem ah ! indeed !

!

hervum

(ervum),

pea.

hemina, ce, f., half-a-pint. f hemisphaerium, i, n., half-glohe. Henna=Enna, a town of Sicily.
f hepar, atis, n., Uver.
f hepsema, atis, n., lade.
f

Hesione, es, d. of Laomedon, rescued by Hercules. Hesperia, ae, f., Greek or poetic

name

for Italy or Spain.

a,

hesperius,
;

um,

western.

grape-marma-

Hesperus, i, son of Cephalus and Aurora the Evening Star.

hesperus, i, m., west (vesper). hesternus, a, um, [heri,] yesterday\<i
;

heptas, adis, f., the numher seven. f hepteris, is, f., seven-hanked ship. hera, se, f., mistress, lady. Heracleus, a, um -ides, ae, of, or descended from, Hercules. herba, ae, f., grass, herhage.
;

abl., yesterday.

f hetaeria, ee, f., secret society.

heu!
f

alas!
ae, m., inventor,

heuretes,
!

herbaceus
herbesco,

(-bidus), a,
3,

grow

grassy. tike grass.

um,

heus halloo ! f hexameter,

f

ho

tri, m.,

hexameter.

herbifer, era, um, grass-hearing. herbilia, e, fed on grass. herbosus, a, um., full ofgrass.

hexeris, is, f., six-hanked ship. hiasco, 3, to split open. hiatus, us, m., cleft, opening.

herbula, ae, f., a little herh. hercisco, 3, to divide inheritance. hercle hy Hercules !
!

hibernaculum,

i,

N.,

winter apart-

herctum,

i,

n., inheritance, estafe.

Hercynia silva, a Gernian forest. Herculaneum, i, n., a town near

Naples, destroyed, A.D. 79. Hercules, is, myth. son of Jiipiter and Alcmena, god of Strength. Herculeus, a, um, of Hercules.

ment ; pl., winter tents. Hibernia, ae, f., Ireland. hiberno, i, j;rtss the winter. hibernus, a, um, ofivinter,wintry;
N., pl., ivinter-quarters.
n., marsh-mallow. c, mongrel, half-hreed. hic, haec, hoc, this, the latter.
i,

hibiscum,

hibrida,

ae,

here=heri,

yesterday.

hereditarius, a, um, inherited. hereditas, atis, f., inheritance.

hic, liere, hereupon, herein. hic-ce, this (emphatic). hiccine, this, here (interrog.)

hiemalis,

e,

lointry,
tiie

of

ivinter.

heredium,

i,

n., inherited estate.

hiemo,

i,

pa.s'.s"

winter ; he cold,

heres, edis, m., heir, owner. heri (here), yesterday, lately. herilis, e, of the master. f hermaphroditus, i, of hoth sexes. H3rmes (-ma), ae, Mercury.

frozen or stormy. (ps), mis, f., ivinter, storm. hieratius, a, um, of sacred use. Hieio, onis, ruler of Syracuse. Hierosolyma, orum, Jerusalem.

hiems

84
hieto,
I,

hieto
yaivn, gape.

horrens.
historicus,
a,

um,

historic ; m., his-

f hilaris,

-us, a,

um,

cheerful,

torian.

merry ; n. pl., sprlng-games. hilaritas, atis, F., chee7% mirth.

hilaritudo, inis,
hilaro,
hillae,
i,

f., cheerfulness.

histricus, a, um, of stage-players. histrio, onis, m., play-actor. histrionia, se, F., stage-play.

yladdcn, exhilarate.
f., entrails.
trifle.

histrix=hystrix, porcupi^ie.
hiulco, I, cause to gape, open. hiulcus, a, um, gaping, cleft, eager. hodie, to-day, now, at this time.
a, um, of hcBdus=haedus, kid.

arum,
i,

hilum,

N.,
ae,

Himera,
Sicily.

a river and town of

hodiernus,
[f

to-day.

hino, hence, hereafter, this side, ago. hinnio, 4, to neigh. hinnitus, iis, m., neighing.

holo-, ichole.

hinnuleus,

i,

m.,

young
i,

deer.

f hinnus (-ulus), hio, hiaxi, hiat-,

m., mule.

i,

yawn, gape.

holus=olus, pot-herh. Homericus, a, um, of Homer. homicida, ee, c, man-slayer. homicidium, i, N., homicide, murder.

f hippace, es, milk).

f

f.,

cheese (of mare's

horse-transports.

homo,

inis,

c, man.

[f homo-, together.

hippagogi,

pl.,

Hippo, onis, a city of Numidia. Hippocrene, es, f., a fountain of

homullus, -uncio, -unculus (dim. of homo), manikin, petty man.

honestamentum,

i,

n., decoration.

Muses near Helicon. Hippodame, es (-ia, ae), myth. wife

the

of Pelops
f

also, of Pirithous.
i,

hippodromos,

m., race-course.

honestas, atis, f., honor, heauty. honeste, nohly, honorahly. honesto, i, to adorn, honor. honestus, a, um, honored, honorahle,

Hippolyte, es, an Amazon, w. of Theseus, mother of Hippolytus.

f hippomanes, is, n., horse-heat, (a

nohle.
(6s), oris, M.,

honor

honor, esteem,

dignity, reicard, ornament.

sHme or

excrescence).

f hir, N., hand.

hircinus, a, um, of a goat. hircosus, a, um, li/ce a goat. hircus, i, m., he-goat, rankness.

honorabilis, e, icinning honor. honorarius, a, um, conferring honor : N., gift.

honorate, honorahly. honoratus, a, um,

*

distinguished,

hirnea

(-ula), ae, f., water-jug.

honored.
a,

hirpex=irpex, harroiv. Hirpini, orum, people of hirquus=hircus, goat.

honorificus,
S. Italy.

um, doing

honor.

honoro, i, adorn, respect, honor. honorus, a, um, worthy of honor.

hora,
se, f.,

hirrio, 4, to snarl. hirsutus, a, um, shaggy, hristly.

hour, season.
(-arius, -eius), a,

hordeaceus
of
harley.

um,'

hirtus,

a,

um,

hairy, shaggy.
a,

hirudo, inis, F., leech. hirundineus, (-ininus),

swaUoics.

um, of

hordeum, i, n., harley. hordus=fordus, with youny.

horia, se, f., fshing-boat. horiola, ae, F., ski.f. horior, 3, cheer, encourage. f horizon, ontis, m., hounding-line. hornus (-otinus), a, um, helonging
to this

hirundo,
hisco,

inis, f.,

sivallow.

3, to

open
ee, f.,

the lips, speak.

Hispania,

Spain.
;

Hispanus,
ish
;

a,

um

-iensis,

e,

Span-

pl.,

Spaniards.
a,

year.
clock.

hispidus,

um,

hristly,

prickly.

Hister=Ister, Danuhe.
f historia, ae, f., history, tale, story.

horologium, i, n., horrendus, a, um,

horrens, tis/fearful,

dreadful, awful. terrible, rough.

horreo
horreo,
rotKjJi

hydrus.
humanitas,
atis, f.,

85

2,

hristle,

shudder

at,

be

human

nature,

or dreadful.
i,

horresco,

horreum,
horribilis,

ui, ^, gi-oiv rough, tremble. n., harn, granary.

e,

mankind, refinement. humaniter, like men, courteously.

humanitus,

in the

manner ofmen.

dreadful, horrihle.
a,

humanus,

a,

um, human, humane,

f., buricd.

horridus

(-ulus),

um,

rough,

gentle, refned, courteous.

shaggij, scraggy, hristling,frightful.

humatio, onis,

horrifer, era, um, bringing dread. horrifico, i, make rough, ruj/ie. horrificus, a, um, causing horror.

humecto, i, moisten. humectus, a, um, moist,

humefacio, facthiimeo, 2 (-esco,
moist.
3, to
3), to

loet.

moisten.
he or

horrisonus,
sound.

a,

um,

of dreadful

grow

horror, oris, m.,

bristling, trembling,

dread, hugbear, rudeness.

humerus, i, m., shoulder, back, ridge. humi, on the ground.

hiimidulus, damp. hiimidus, a, um, moist,
hiimifer, era, hiimificus, a,
wet.

horsum, this waij. hortamen, inis; -mentum,

i,

n.,

encouragement. hortatio, onis, f., exhortation. hortativus, a, um, servingfor cheer. hortator, oris, m., exhorter. hortatus, iis, m., exhorting. horteusis, e; -sius, a, um, of a garden. Hortensius, i, the Roman orator, A.D. 114-52. hortor, i, cheer, exhort, urge. hortus (-ulus), i, m., garden.

um, um,

bringing wet. moistening.

hase, humhle.

humilio, i, abase. humilis, e, low, lowly, humilitas, atis, f.,

humbleness,

lowness, meanness, humility. humiliter, deeply, lowly, basely.

humo,
humor,

I, to

hury.
a,

oris, m., moisture, liquid.

hiimorosus,

um,

ivet.

humus,
t

i,

F.,

ground,

soil,

region.

hospes,
hospita,

itis,

host, guest,

stranger
n. pl.,

m., (as adj.), foreign, hospitahle.

ae, f.
;

hyacinthinus, a,um, hyacinthine. Hyacinthos, i, a youth of Sparta,

loved by Apollo.
f

-ta,

orum,

foreign, hospitahle.

hyacinthus,

i,

m., blue-iris ( f)

hospita, ae, f., hostess. hospitalis, e, hospitahle, ofa guest. hospitalitas, f., hospitalitg. hospitaliter, hospitahly, as a guest.

Hyades, um,
fhyaena, f hyalus,

f. {rainers),

a group

in tlie constellation
ae, f.,
i,

Taurus.

hyena.

n., glass (green).

hospitium,
hospitor,
hostia,
I,

i,

n.,

hospitality,

inn,

guest-chaniber.

tobe a guest.
victim (for sacrifice).
the

Hyantius, a, um, Boeofian. hybernus=hibernus, wintry. Hybla, ae (e, es), f., a mt. of
Sicily,

se, f.,

famous
is, m.,

for honey.

hosticus,

a,

um,

enemfs.
hostile.

Hydaspes,
hydra,
ae,

hostilis, e, of

an enemy,

Hostilius, TuUus, the third king of Rome, b.c, 679-630. hostio, 4, requite, strike. hostis, is, c, stranger, enemy. hostus, i, M., yield of ohves.

a river of India. water-snake. Hydra, se, f., the hydra (lakemonster), slain by Hercules.

f f

hydrargyrus,
i,

i,

m., quicksilver.

f hydraulus,

m.,

hydreuma,

atis,

water-organ. n., watering or

huc
!

(interr. -cine), hither, thusfar.

hitherto.

hucusque, hui ha !

fhydria,
f
sort.

resting place for caravans. ae, f., tcater-pot, pitcher.

hujusmodi (-cemodi), ofthis bumane, humanly, kindly.

hydromeli, itis, N., mead. hydrops, opis, m., dropsy.

i,

f hydrus (os),

m., water-snake.

86
Hydrus,

Hydrus

ignorabilis.
ibi, there, thereupon, at that time.
,

untis, Otranto^ a city of Calabria.

winter.
ee,

ibidem, just

there,

moreover.

hyems=liiems,

'

f ibis, is (idis), f., ihis (an

Egyptian

Hygea

(-ia, -eia),

goddess of

Healtli.

Hylas, se, a youth of Argos, loved by Hercules. Hyllus, i, son of Hercules.

bird held sacred). ibus for iis, [is,] to or icith them. Icarus, i, myth. son of Daedalus, drowned in the ^gean sea. iccirco (idcirco), on that account.
f ichneumon, onis, m.,

Hymen,

enis (-geus, i), m., god of Mirriage. fhynien, enis, m., marriage-song,
nmrriuge, wedding.
(os), i, m., a mt. near Athens, famous for honey and marble. f hymnus, i, m., hymn, song.

Egyptian rat.

ico, ici,

ict-,- 3, to strike, hit, sting.

ictus,
I

lis,

M., hlow, stroke.

Hymettus

Idaeus, a, um, (of Mount Ida), Trojan or Cretan. Idalium, i, n., a city of Cyprus, sacred to Venus.
f idea, ae, f., idea, creative type.

f hypae thrus, a,

um, open

io the skg.

f hyperbole, es, f., exaggeration. Hyperborei, orum, people of the extreme north. f hyperboreus, a, um, northern. Hyperion, onis, father of the Sun. f

idem, eadem, idem, same, very. identidem, again and again.

ideo,
so, therefore.

f idiota, ae, m., rude, ignorant,

or

hypocaustum,
room.

i,

n.,

heated hath-

common person. f idolum (on), i, N., image, spectre. Idomeneus, i, a Cretan hero in
the siege of Troy. idonee, fidy, properly. idoneus, a, viva., fit, apt, capahle.

f hypoorita (es), ae, m., dumh-actor. f hypogeum, i, x,, celUir, vault, f hypomnema, atis, n.,

memoran-

dum.

hypotheca, ae, f., securitg, pledge. Hyrcanus, a, um, of the Caspian.

f

hystrix,

icis, f.,

porcupine.

idus, uum, f. pl., Ides ( 83), the I5th of March, May, July, Oct. I3th of the other months. igitur, therefore, then ( 43, 5). ignarus, a, um, ignorant, unaware,
inexperienced, heedless, unknown.

ignave
I.

(-iter), idly, sluggishly.

ae, f., sloth,

ignavia,

cowardice.
slothful,

ignavus,
of Bacchus. iambus, i, m., iamhus ( 79). f ianthinus, a, um, violet-colored. lapetos, i, f^ither of the Titans. lapydes, um, people of IUyria. lapygia, ae, f., the peninsula of S. E. Italy, country of lapyx. lasius, i, son of Jupiter and Electra also a king of Argos. lason, onis, .Tason, son of yEson, leader of the Argonauts.

a,

um,

idle,

coW'

lacchus,

i,

name

ardly, unfruitful, sluggish.

ignesco,

3, kindle,

take fire.

igneus

(-olus), a,

ing, hot,

fie.ry, glowflaming, resplendent.

i,

um,

igniculus,

m., Uttle flame, spark.

ignifer, era,

um, fire-hearing.
tis, lord

ignipes, pedis, fiery-footed.

ignipotens,

of fire.

ignis, is, M., fire, splendor, glow. ignitus, a, um, fiery, glowing.

ignivagus,

a,

um,

like ivild-fire.

fiaspis, idis, F., jaspe7\ f Iberia, ae, f., Spain.

a, um, Spanish of Iheria (near the Caucasus). ibex, icis, m., wild goat, chamois.

ignobilis, e, unknown, ohscure. ignobilitas, atis, F., obscurity.

,

Iberus,

ignominia, ae, F., dishonor. ignominiosus, a, um, disgraceful.

ignorabilis,
e,

unknoivn.

ignorantia
ignorantia, ee (-atio, onis), f., of k-nuivle(I(je, iynorance. ignoratus, a, um, unknown. ignoro, i, (o he ignorant of.
ivajit

Ilva.

87

illiberalitas, atis, f., meanness. illiberaliter, ignobty, meanty.

illic, illaec,

illoc (illuc), der (interrog. -cine).

that,

yon-

ignoscens, tis, forgiving, placable. ignosco, novi, not-, 3, to pardon,

overtook, excuse,for(jive.

illic, there, yoiuler.

il-licio, lexi, lect-, 3, entice, allure. illicitator, oris, m., mock-bidder.

illicite, untaufutly.

ignotus,

a,

um, unknown.

ilex, icis, f., scarlet or liolm oak. Ilia, 86 (Rhaea Sylvia), mother of

illicitus, a,

um,Jbrbidden, untawful.
n., enticement, cliarm.

illicium,
illido, si,
illigo,

i,

Romulus and Remus. ilia, um, N., (jroin, Jlank. Iliacus (Ilius), a, um, Trojan.
Iliades, se, Trojan. Ilias, adis, Trojan ivoman. ilicet, tet us go, all is over, at once.

illico, there,

on the

spot.
3, to

[laedo,] dash against, crush.

I,

sum,

drive,

bind, fasten, encumher.

illim=illinc, thence.
illimis, e, clear
illinc, tlience,

of mud.
that (juarter.

ilicetum, i, n., liolm-grove. ilignus (-ceus), a, um, of liolm. Ilion (-um), i, n., Troy. f Ilithyia, ee, Lucina. illa, bg that ivay. illabefactus, a, um, unhroken. illabor, laps-, 3, glide or fall upon. illaboratus, a, um, untoited-for illaboro, i, ^vork upon. illac, on tliat side. illacessitus, a, um, unprovoked. illacrimabilis, e, univept, pitiless. illacrimo (-or), i, zveep over, trickle. illaesus, [laedo,] unimpaired. illaetabilis, e, clieertess, gtoomy.
illapsus, iis, m., [IdLboXj^^Jtowing-in. illaqueo, i, to ensnare, entangte. illatenus, thusfar. illatio, onis, f., bringing-in, hurial. illatro, I, to hark at.
illatus, [infero,] hrought.
a, um, unpraised. illautus, [lavo,] umvashed. ille, illa, illud, that, the former, the wett-known ( 20, ii.). illecebra, ae, f., charm, ture.

from

illino, levi, lit- 3 ; -io, 4, to smear, besprecul, anoint.

illiquefactus,
illisus, us,

a,

um,

liquid.

illisus, [illido,] crushed.

-sio, onis, F., dash-

ing, striking.

illiteratus, a,

um,

untettered.

illitus, [illino,] hesmeared.

illix=illex, enticing.
illo, thifher, to that end.

illoc, thither, that.

illotus, [lavo,] unwashed, dirty.

illuc, to
tliat p)tace.

2, to shine upon. illucesco, luxi, 3, to grow bright, dnwn, shine upon. illudo, si, sum, 3, ptay, mock, de-

illuceo,

siroy, ahuse.

illuminate, ctearty, luminously. illumino, i,^ make hright, iltustrious,

or conspicuous.
illunis, e; us, a,
illiisio,

illaudatus,

onis,

F.,

illusor, oris, N.,

illustro,

um, withoutmoon. mocking. mocker, scoffer.

illecebrosus,
illectus,

a,

um,
i,

enticing.

illustris, e, hright, clear, famous. i, hrighten, itluminate.

illectamentum,
[lego,]
a,

n.,

not

charm. gathered or

illiisus, [ludo,]

mocked.

illutibilis, e, indetibte.

read

[illicio,] atlured.

illiitus=illotus, unwashed.
illuvies, ei, F.,foutness, dirt.

illepidus,

um,

unpleasing.

illex, egis, lawtess. illex, icis, alluring, enticing.

IUyricus,
coast
Ilus,
i,

a,

dist.

um, of Ittyria, the N.-W. of Epirus.

illibatus, a, um, unimpaired. illiberabilis, e, sordid, mean.

myth. founder of IHum.

the island Etha.

Ilva,

ge, F.,

88
imaginarius,
seeniing
:

imagmanus
a,

immurmuro.
immersabilis, e, not to be drowned. immersus, [mergo,] plunged.

um, of images, standurd-hearer. imaginatio, onis, .,fancy. imagino, i, to shape, represent. imaginor, i, tofancy, imayine. imago, inis, F., image, copy, fgure, likeness, semblance.
N.,

immetatus, a, um, unmeasured. immigro, i, remove into. imminens, tis, threatening.

immineo,

2, overhang, horder on, impend, threaten, be intent on.

imbecillitas, atis,

f., feehleness.

imminuo,

ui, iit-, 3, lessen, ruin.

imbecillus, a, um, feehle, helpless. imbellia, ee, f., unfitness for war.
imbellis,
e, uniuarU/ce,

peaceful.

imminutio, onis, f., lessening. imminutus, a, um, undiminished. immisceo, scui, xt- (st), 2, to mingle, hlend.

imber, bris, M., rain-storm, water. imberbis, e -bus, a, um, heardless. imbibo, bi, 3, drink in, resolve. imbito, 3, enter. imbracteo, i, to plate (with gold). imbrex, icis, f., rooftile, gutter. Imbricitor, oris, m., rain-giver. imbrico, i, cover ivith tiles. imbricus, a, um, rainy.
;

immiserabilis, e, unpitied. immisericors, dis, merciless. immitis, e, harsh, rude, cruel.

immitto, misi, miss-,

troduce, send aguinst,

3,

admit, in-

let

grow.
in.

immixtus, [misceo,] mingled

imbrifer, era,

um,

rain-hringing.

imbuo,

ui, ut-, 3, to saturate, siain, train, instruct, imhue.

e, that

nay, surely, on the contrary. immobilis, e, immovahle. immoderate, exfravagan tly. immoderatus, a, um, unrestrained.

immo,

imitabilis,

may

be copied.

imitamen,

inis, n., likeness, copy.

imitatio, onis, F., imitation. imitator, oris, M., copyist.

immodestia, ae, F., unrestraint. immodestus, a, um, unrestrained. immodice, immoderateJy. immodicus, a, um, without bounds,
unruly, extravagant.

imitor

(-to), i, to imitate,

copy.

immodulatus,

a,

um,

unrh/ythmic.

imitus,from

the hottom.
3,

immadesco, madui,

groiv moist.
vast-

immanis, e, monstrous^ferce. immanitas, atis, f., cruelty,

ness, ferocify, excess.

immolatio, onis, F., sacrifce. immolator, oris, M., sacrificer. immolitus, a, um, built up.

immolo,
meal),

i,

[mola,]

io sprinkle

(with

sacrifice.

immaniter,

cxcessively, fiercely.
a,

immansuetus,
immaturitas,

um, untamed.
untimely, un-

atis, f., unripeness.

immaturus,
ripe,

a,

um,

di, sum, 3, bite upon. immorior, mortuus, 3, die upon. immoror, i, linger, delay. immorsus, [mordeo,] corroded.

immordeo,

premature.

immedicabilis, e, incurahle. immeditatus, a, um, unstudied.

immortalis, e, dcuthless, endless. immortalitas, atis, f., immortality. immotus, [moveo,] unmoved.

immemor,

oris, unmindful.
e,

immemorabilis,

not to he told.

immemoratus, a, um, untold. immense, vustly, immensely.

immensitas,
atis, f., vastness.

immugio, 4, roar icithin. immulgeo, 2, milk into. immunditia, ae, f., uncleanness. immundus, a, um, unclean, foul. immiinificus, a, um, stingT/.
immiinio, 4, forfify. immiinis, e, exempt, devoid. immiinitas, atis, f., exemption, freedom from burdens. immiinitus, a, um, unfortifed.

immensus, a, um, houndless, vast, immeo, i, fo enter. immerens, tis, undeserving. immergo, si, sum, 3, fo plunge.
immerito, unjiist/y, without cause, immeritus, a, um, undeserved.

immurmuro,

i, to

murmur

against.

immutabilis
immutabilis,
iiig,

impluvium.
imperito, [impero,] to command. imperitus, a, um, inexperienced,
unskilled, ignorant.

e,

changed; uncTiang-

unalterahle.

immutatio, oiiis, F., exchange. immutatus, a, um, unchanged. immutesco, mutui, 3, grow dumb.
immiito,
i, to

imperium,
order,

i,

n., military authority,

change, alter.
surely.

imo=immo,
impage.3,

command, dominion. \ impermissus, a, um, forbidden. ^ impero, i,to command, rule, require,
order, exact, impose, prescrihe.

impaoatus, a, um, unsubdued. impactus, [impingo,] struck, hit.

is, F.,

frame-work, horder.

impar, paris, unequal, inferior. imparatus, a, um, unprepared.

impartio=impertio, impart. impastus, a, um, unfed, famished.

impatibilis,
e, insufferahle.

imperterritus [terreo,] undaunted. impertio, 4, share, impart, hestow. impervius, a, um, impassable. impetigo, inis, f., scurf. impeto, 3, assail, attack.
impetrabilis,
e, obtainahle,

success-

impatiens, tis, not enduring. impatientia, se, f., impatience.

ful, propitious. impetrio, 4, obtain hy omens.

um, fearless. impedimentum, i, N., hindrance ;

impavidus,
pl.,
a,

baggage, army-train.
4, hinder, clasp, entangle.

impedio,

impetritum, i, N., a good omen. impetro, i, ohtain by request, ejfect. impetus, iis, m., attack, assault. impexus, [pecto,] uncombed. impico, I, cover with tar.
impie, impiously. impietas, atis, F., impiety, treason. impiger, gra, um, active, hold. impigre, actively, readily.
impilia,

impedltio, onis, f., obstruction. impeditus, a, um, ohstructed, encumbered, emharrassed.

impello, puli, puls-,

3, push against, urge, rouse, subdue, destroy.

um,
,

n., felt shoes.

sti-ike, hit.

impendeo, 2, overhang, impend. impendiosus, a, um, extravagant. impendium, i, N., exjjense, outlay. impendo, di, sum, 3, weigh out,
expend, employ, devote.

impingo, pegi, pact-, 3, impio, I dejile, pollute. impius, a, um, ivithout

implacabilis,
e,

reverence,

undutiful, impious, ivicked.

unappeasahle.

impenetrabilis,

impenetrdble. impense, at great cost, eagerly. impensus, a, um, ample, grand, costly, strong, vehement. imperativus, a, um, by orders.
e,

implacatus, a, um, unappeased. implacidus, a, um, ungentle, rude. implecto, xi, xum, 3, interweave. impleo, evi, et-, 2, tofill up, complete, satisfy, fulfil, finish.

imperator,

oris,
a,

m.,

commander,
general.

general, director, chief

implexus, [plecto,] interwoven. implexus, iis, m., embrace.

implicatio, onis, f., interweaving. implicatus, a, um, intricate. impliciscor, 3, get entangled. implicite, intricately. implico, avi (ui), at- (it-), i, entangle, entwine, involve, envelop.

imperatorius,

um, of a

imperatum,

i,

N.,

a command.

imperceptus, a, um, unperceived. imperco, [parco,] 3, to spare. impercussus, [quatio,] not struck. imperditus, a, um, not destroyed.
imperfectus, imperfossus,
iraperialis,
e,
a, a, a,

um, um,

unfinished. not stabhed.

imploratio, onis, F., imploring. imploro, i, entreat,heseech,implore.

of the empire.

imperiosus,

um, having command

or dominion, tyrannical. imperite, awkwardly, unskillfully. imperitia, ae, f., lack of skill.

implumis, e, featherless, unfledged. impluo, ui, ut-, 3, rain upon. impluviatus, a, um, square-bordered (like a rain-tank).

impluvium,

i,

n.,

rain-hasin.

90
impoenitus,
impolitia,
a,

impoeiiitus

inamabilis.
improviso, of a sudden. improvisus, a, um, unforeseen.
impriidens,
tis,

um, unpunished.
negligence.

ae, F.,

impolitus,

a,

impolliitus,

a,

um, uNpolished, rude. um, unstained.

not foreseeing, un-

aware, inconsiderate.

impono,

sui, sit- (st-), 3, put upon,

embarJc, inipose, appoint, deceive.

imprudenter, witJwut foresight. imprudentia, ae, f., lacJc of foresigJit,

imporoatus, a, um, infurrows. importo, i, bring in, import.

importiinitas, atis,
F.,

ignorance.
is,

impubes,

youtJful, beardless.
tis,

unjitness,

impiibescens,

growing.

rudeness, oblrusiveness.

importiinus,

a,

um,

unjit,

rude,

grievous, dangerous, cruel, churlish.

impudens, tis, sJiameless. impudenter, sJiaynelesshj. impudentia, ae, f., sJiamelessness.

impudicitia,
se,

importuosus, a, um, harborless. impos, potis, not master of.

impositicius, a, um, applied, laidon. impositio, onis, f., application. impossibilis, e, impossible.

immodesty.
sJiameless,

impudicus,

a,

um,

hn-

modest, uncJiaste.

impugnatus, a, um, unassailed. impugno, i to attacJc, oppose.

,-

impostor, oris, m., deceiver. impostus, [pono,] put upon. impotens, tis, iveak, ungovernable. impotenter, v;eaJchj, passionatehj. impotentia, ae, F., ivant, poverty,
ungovernableness, violence.

impulsio, onis,

f.,

pressure, im-

pulse, influence. impulsor, oris, m., instigator.

impulsus, [pello,] pusJied. impulsus, us, M., impulse, pressure.

impune,

ivith

impunity.

impraepeditus, a, um, unJiindered. impraesentiarum, for tJie present. impransus, a, um, fasting. imprecatio, onis, invoJcing of evil. imprecor, i, invoJce, imprecate. impresse, forcibly. impressio, onis, f., pressing upon,
jwessure,
attac/c, division.
cJiiefly, in tJie first

impiinis, e, unpunisJied. impiinitas, atis, f., impunity. impiinitus, a, um, unjjunisJied.

impiiratus,

a,

um,

defiled.

impiire, vilely, sJiamefully. impiiritas, atis; -ritia, ae,

cleanness, impurity.

F.,

un-

impiirus,
place.

a,

um,

unclean,foul.

imprimis,

imprimo, pressi, press-,

3, press upon, stamp, marJc, imprint. improbabilis, e, not to be approved. improbatio, onis, f., disapproval.

imputator, oris, M., recJconer. imputatus, a, um, unpruned. imputo, I, cJiarge, recJcon, ascribe.

imus
[in-=

[inferus,] a,
into
;

um,

lowest.

improbe,

im.moderatehj, badly.
atis,
F.,

improbitas, improbiter,

tvickedness.

badly, erroneoushj.

improbo, i, disapprove, rescind. improbus, (-ulus), a, um, bad,

wlcJced, monstrous,

outrageous.

improcerus, a, um, undersized. improfessus, a, um, undeclared.

on(56, i). on or against. inaccessus, a, um, inaccessible. inacesco, cui, 3, grow sour. Inachius, a, um, ofArgos ; Inachia juvenca, lo, d. of Inachus, changed to a heifer. Inachos, i, first myth. k. of Argos. inactus, [inigo,] driven in.
in (acc),
;

(abl.),

not

impromptus, a, um, not ready. improperatus a, um, not Jiasty. impropero, i, Jiasten, cast against. improprius, a, um, not befitting. improsper, era, um, unfortunate.
improtectus, [tego,] unsheltered. improvidus, a, um, not foreseeing.

i, build upon, erect. inaequabilis, e, uneven, unequal. inaequalis, e, unequal, unliJce.

incedifico,

inaequo, i, to maJce level. inaestimabilis, e, not to be valued. inalbo, i (-esco, 3), whiten, dawn. inamabilis, e, unlovely.
;

inambulatio
inambulatio, onis, F.,promenading. inambulo, i,pace to and fro. inamoenus, a, um, gloomy. inanimis, e -us (atus), a, um, life;

incolumis.

91

less,

inanimate.

inanio, 4, make void. inanis, e, empty, void, vain. inanitas, atis, F., emptinesss. inaniter, vainly, idly. inaratus, a, um, untilled, fallow.

incerto, i, make doubtful. incertus, a, um, doubtful, unsure. incesso, cessivi (cessi), 3, attack. incessus, us, m., pace, gait, altack. incesto, i, defile, dishonor. incestus, a, um, impure, unchaste;
N., leicdness, incest.

incestus, us, m.,

incest, unchastity.

inchoatus, a, um, incomplete. inchoo, I, to found, begin.

incido, cidi, cas-, [cado,] 3, to fall upon, occur, happen. incido, cidi, cis-, [caedo,] 3, to cut into or off, inscribe, register. incilis, e, cut in ; n., a ditch.
incilo,
I, to

inardesco, arsi, 3, takefire. inaresco, arui, 3, dry up. Inarime, es, f., the I. Ischia, near Naples.
i to plough in, cultivate. inassuetus, a, um, unwonted.

inaro,

rebuke.
to

inaudax,

acis, timid.

inaudio, 4, Jiear, learn. inauditus, a, um, unheard. inauguro, i pr-actise divination. inaures, ium, f., ear-drops. inauro, i, gild, enrich. inauspicatus, a, um, icithout au,

3, gird about. incipio, cepi, cept-, [capio,] 3,

incingo, hxi, nct-,

begin,

commence.

incipisso, 3, begin. incise (-im), in short clauses. incisio, onis, F., cutting, clause.
incisiira, ae, f., incision.

spices, unlucky, inauspicious.

incisus, [incido,] cut.

inausus, [audeo,] unventured.

incitamentum,

[inb-=imb-.
incgeduus, a, um, uncut. incalesco, calui, 3, g7^oio
incalfacio, incallidus,
3, to heat.

hot.

a,

um,

unskilful.

i, N., inducement. incitate, violently. incitatio, onis, f., incitement. incitatus, a, um, sivift, eager. incito, I, hasten, rouse, enlarge. incitus, [cieo,] swift; unmoved.

incandesco, dui, 3, glow, kindle. incanesco, nui, 3, turn gray.

incanto, incanus,
i,

inclamo

incivilis, e, uncivil, unjust. (-ito), i, cry out upon.

3, grow famous. inclemens, tis, harsh, rude, bitter. inclementer, harshly, severely. inclementia, ae, f., harshness, rigor.

sing, chant, beivitch.

inclaresco, rui,

a.

um,

quite hoary.

incassum,

in vain.

incaute, incautiously. incautus, a, um, heedless, inconsiderate, unforeseen, dangerous.

incedo, cessi, cess-,

3, go, advance, march, arrive, happen. -nis, e, dinnerless. incenatus, a,

inclinatio, onis, f., leaning. inclinatus, a, um, bent, loio. inclino, i, lean, bend, give ivay. incliido, si, sum, [claudo,] 3, shut
up, enclose, obstruct, stop,finish. incliisio, onis, f., confinement. inclutus (-clitus), a, um, famous.

um

incendium, i, 'i^.,fire, incendo, di, sum, 3,

confiagration. hurn,kindle.

incensio, onis, f., burning. incensus, a, um, unassessed, kindled. inceptio, onis, f., beginning. incepto, i, undertake. inceptura, i, n., attempt, undertaking. inceptus, [-cipio,] begun. incerno, 3, strow, sift. incero, i, smear with wax.

incoctus, [coquo,] uncooked, raw.

incogitabilis, e;
-tatus,
a,

um,

thoughtless, inconceivable.

incogiiitus, [nosco,] unknoivn, untried, unclaimed. incola, ae, c, inhahitant, resident. incolo, colui, 3, dwell, inhahit.

incolumis,

e, safe,

unharmed.

92
incolumitas, incomitatus, incomitio, i,
doned.

mcoluinitas
atis, F., safety.
a,

indignor.
incunabula,
incuria,
se, f.,

orum,

n.,

cradle,

um,
a,

unaltended.

origin, hirthplace.

to insult.

negligence.

incommendatus,
incommoditas,
ience, dainage.

um,

ahan-

atis, f., inconven-

um, negligent, unconcerned. in-curro, 3, run upon, attack, meet. incursio, onis, f. -sus, us, m.,
incuriosus,
a,
;

incommodo, i, annoij, injure. incommodus, a, um, trouUesome,

inconvenient
;

o)iset, assault, attack.

N., trouhle,disaster.

incompertus, a, uni, unknown. incompositus, a, um, iU-arranged. incomptus, [como,] unadorned. inconcessus, [cedo,] unlawful.
inconcilio,
i,

incurso, i, to assault. incurvo, i, to crook, hend. incurvus, a, um, crooked,

incus, udis,
f., anvil.

hent.

inciisatio, onis, f., accusation. inciiso, i, cliurge, hlame, accuse.

win over.

inconcinnus, a, um, inelegant. inconcussus, [-cutio,] unshaken.

inconditus, a, um, luifashioned. incongruus, a, um, unsuitahle. inconsideratus, a, um, heedless,
unadvised, inconsiderate. inconstans, tis, changeful, fickle. inconstantia, ae, f., inconstancg.

incustoditus, a, um, unguarded. incusus, [cudo,] forged.

incutio, cussi, cuss-, [quatio,] strike upon or hiio, cast, hurl. indagati^o, onis, f., sea?'ch.
3.

inconsultU3,

a,

um,

indiscreet,

un-

asked., ivitkout counsel.

incontinens, tis, intemperate. incontinentia, se, f., greedlness. inconveniens, tis, unsuifed. incoquo, xi, ct-, 3, hoil in or with. incorporalis, e, hodiless. incorruptus, [rumpo,] unspoiled. increbresco, brui, 3, to increase. increbro, i, repeat oflen.
incredibilis,
e, incredihle.
i,

incrementum,
geng, increase.

N.,

growth, pro-

increpito, i, chide, call, challenge. increpo, (ui, it-), i, call, on, chide. incresco, crevi, 3, grow, increase. incretus, a, um, unsifted, mixed.

incruentus, a, um, hloodless. incrusto, i, to cover, coat over. incubatio, onis, F., brooding. incubito, i, lie upon.

incubo,

ui, it-,

i, lie

on, hrood, hatch.

inciido, di,

sum,

3,

forge.

inculco, I, trample, cram. inculpatus, a, um, hlameless. incultus, [colo,] untilled, rude. incumbo, cubui, cubit-, 3, lie or
lean upon, give earnest heed, yield.

indagator, oris, M., explorer. indages, is, F., search. indago, i, to track, search. inde, fhence, thereupon, next. indebite (-to), unduly. indebitus, a, um, undue. indecens, tis, unseendy. indecor, oris -oris, e, inglorious. indecorus, a, um, unhecoming. indefensus, a, um, unprotected. indefessus, a, um, unwearied. indemnatus, a, um, uncondemned. indemnis, e, [damno,] unharmed. index, icis, c, informer, spy, title. indicens, tis, not telling. indicium, i, n., note, discovery, mark. indico, i, point out. indico, xi, ct-, 3, appoi^it, declare. indictus, a, um, unsaid, unsung. Indicus, a, um, of India. indidem, from the same place. indigena, ae, c, native. indigens, tis -es, is, needy. indigeo, ui, [egeo,] 2, to need. indigestus, a, um, disordered. Indigetes, um, pL, deified heroes. indignans, tis, ivrathful. indignatio, onis, F., wrath, dis; ;

p/casure.

indignitas, atis, F., unworthiness. indignor, i, deem unworthy, he angry.

indignus
indignus, a, um, umcorlhjj, icrong. indigus (-uus), a, um, [egeo,] needij.
indiligens, tis, careless, negiujent. indipiscor, eptus, 3, obtain, begin. indiscretus, a, um, unparted. indistinctus, a, um, confused. inditus, a, wm., j)ut upon.

infindo.

93

inequito, i, ride upon, traverse. inerrais, e; -us, a, um, unarmed.

inerro, i, ramble about. iners, tis, [ars,] unskilled, sluggish.
iuertia,
ae, f., sloth,

ignorance, lack

ofskill or energy. inesco, i, entice with bait, satisfy.

individuus,

a,

um,

indivisible,

inexhaustus,
inexorabilis,

a,

um,

unexhausted.
untried,

indivisus, a, um, undivided. indo, didi, dit-, 3, put into, impart.

unteachable, untaught. indoctus, a, um, unlearned, unskilled, ignorant.

e, inexorable.

inexpertus,

a,

um,

un-

indocilis,

e,

iconted, inexperienced.

inexplicabilis,

e, intricate.

indoles, is, f., quality, talent. indolesco, dolui, 3, tofeelpain. indomitus, a, um, unsubdued.

inexpugnabilis, e, impregncdile. inexsuperabilis, e, insurmountable.

inextricabilis, e, inextricable. infabre, unskilfully. infacetus, a, um, coarse, rude, blunt.

indormio,
indotatus,

4, fcdl asleep over.

a,

um,

unportioned.

[indu-=

in-,

infamia, infamis,

ae, f.,

ill

repute, disgrace.

e, disreputable,

infamous.

indubitatus, a, um, undoubted. indubito, i, to doubt respecting. indiico, xi, ct-, 3, bring in or upon, exhibit, mislead, spread upon. inductio, onis, f., bringing-in,purpose, resolution.

infamo, i, to defame, accuse. infandus, a, um, unspeakable, horrible,

shocking.

indulgens, tis, fond, kind, tender. indulgentia, ae, f., indulgence. indulgeo, si, sum, 2, to be kind or
fond, indulge, permit. i, N., garment. induo, ui, ut-, 3, put on, assume. indiiresco, rui, 3, gj^oio hard. indiiro, i, harden.

infans, tis, speechless ; C, cliild. infantia, e, F., lack of eloquence, infa ncy, ch ildh od. infaustus, a, um, unfortunate. infector, oris, m., a dyer. infectus, [facio,] unwrought, unfinished; [inficio,] stained.

indiimentum,

infecundus,

a,

um,

unfruitfuL

infelix, icis, barren, unhappy. infenso, i, ravuge.

infensus,
inferiae,

a,

um,

hostile,

dangerous.

Indus, a, um, oflndia ; pl., Ilindus. indusium, i, N., under-garment.

industria, ae, f., dUigence, industry ; de industria, on purpose. industrius, a, um, active, diligent. indutige, arum, f., truce, pause. indutilis, e, tliat can be put on. indutus, [induo,] put on. induviae, arum, f., garments. inebrio, i, to make clrunk. inedia, ae, [edo,] f., fasting. ineluctabilis, e, inevitable. inemptus, [enio,] unbought. ineo, ii (ivi), it-, 4, to go in, enter upon, begin.
inepte,foolishly, absurdly. ineptise, arum, F., follies,
trifl.es.

arum,

F., offerings

for

the

dead. inferior, us,

loiver, later.

infernus,

beneath, infernal. infero, tuli, lat-, bringin or upon. inferus, a, ( 17, iii), lohat is below ; pl., of the lower icorld. infeste, violently. infesto, i, to attack, molest, in.jure. infestus, a, um, unsafe, hostile. inficiens, tis, ineffective. inficio, feci, fect-, 3, stain, imbue.
a,

um,

um

inficior=infitior, deny.
infidelis, e, unfaithful, faithless. infidus, a, um, untrusty, urisafe.

infigo, xi,

xum,

3,fix, ihrust,fasten.
loivest, last.

infimus=imus,
infindo,

ineptus,

a, uva., foolish, silly, unfit.

fidi, fiss-, 3, cleave, cut in.

94
infinitas, atis,

infinitas

injurius.

f., houndlessness. infinitus, a, um, boundless, end/e.N-.s', unUmiled, injijiite. infirmitas, atis, f., iceakness.

ingenuus,

a,

um,

native, Jreeborn,

nohle, ingenuous, delicate.

infirmo, i, to weaken, disprove. infirmus, a, um, iceak, feehle.

infit,

he (or she) hegins (to speak).

infitiae,

arum,
i,

f.,

denial.

infitiator, oris, m., denier of debts.

infitior,

ingero, gessi, gest-, 3, to pour or throw in, ohlrude, injiict. ingestus, a, um, laid or Jorced upon. inglorius, a, um, inglorious. ingluvies, ei, f., crop, maw. ingrate, ungratejutly. ingratia, ae, f., thanklessness.
ingratiis, against one^s
icill.

deny, disown.
i
,

inflammo,

kindle, excite, injlame.

ingratus,

a,

um,

thankless, displeas-

inflatus, iis, m., a hlast. inflecto, xi, xum, 3, hend, change. infletus, a, um, unicept. inflexio, onis f. -xus, iis, m., hend.
;

ing, ungratejul.

ingravesco, 3, grow heavy, increase. ingravo, i, weigh doivn, 7nakeworse.

ingredior, gress-, 3, eiiter, advance. ingressus, us, m., advance, march. ingruo, ui, 3, hreak in upon. inguen, inis, N., groin, crotch. ingurgito, i, plunge in, gorge, glut. inhabilis, e, unjii, unhandy. inhaereo, si, sum, 2, cling, stick. inhibeo, ui, it-, 2, lay hold, check,
exercise, employ.
I, gape at, stand open. inhonestus, a, um, dishonorable.

infligo, ixi, ict-,

injlict, inipose.

3,

strike

against,

I, hlow upon, injlate, puff up. influo, xi, ct-, 3, Jiow in or upon. infodio, fodi, foss-, 3, dig, bury. informatio, onis, f., outline.

inflo,

informis,

e, shapeless,
i,

dejormed.
to,

informo,

give shape

describe.

inforo, i, accuse in court. infortiinium, i, N., mifortune.

infra, heneath, helow.

inhio,

inhonorus
honored.

(-atus),

a,

um, un-

infractus, [frango,] unbroken; ex~

hausted, hurt, broken.

inhorreo,

infremo,

ui, 3, to bellow. infrenis, e -atus, a, um, unbridled.

;

-sco, 3, standerect, ui, 2 shudder, tremhle, bristle.

;

inhospitus,
pitable.

a,

um;

-alis, e, inhos-

infreno, i, hridle, curh, restrain. infrequens, tis, rare, injrequent. infrequentia, ae, .,Jewness, scantiness, lack

inhiimanitas,

atis, F., barharity.

inhiimanus,

a, a,

oj attendance.

inhumatus,

um, rude, churlish. um, unburied.

infrico, cui, ct- (cat-), i, ruh in. infringo, fregi, fract-, 3, hreak in on,
check, iceaken, mitigate.

inibi, tlierein, on the point oj. inigo, egi, act-, 3, drive in.

inimice,

hostilely.
33, F., hostility.

crumhle upon or into. infula, ae, f., bandage, Jillet. infundibulum, i, n., Junnel.
infrio,
i,

inimicitia,

inimicus, a, um, unjriendly, hurtJid ; M., Jbe, personal eyiemy.

iniquitas, atis,
F., injustice.

infundo, fudi,

fiis-, 3,

pour

in or

upon, put or cast upon, impose. infusco, I, make dark, stain.

iniquus,
initium,
pl.,

a,

um,
N.,

uneven, unjust, unbeginning, element;

Jair, unjit, hostile, hurtjul.

i,

ingemino,

i,

redouble, repeat.

ingemo

(-isco), ui, 3, groan, lament.

ingenero, i, implant. ingeniosus, a, um, talented, Jit. ingenitus, a, um, inborn.

ingenivim,
i,

mysteries, sacred rites. injicio, jeci, ject-, [jacio,] 3, cast upon or against, ijnpose, occasion.

injungo, nxi, nct-,

hring vpon,
injlict,

3,

join, Jasten,

n., qunlity, disposition,

impose.

inlellect, talent,

ingens,

tis,

genius, temper. huge, vast, mighty.

injiiria, ae, f., injury, icrong.

injiirius (-osus),' a,

um,

wrongjul.

injussus
injussus,
a,

instillo.

95
f.,

um,
um,

voluntarij, unhld.

insectatio, onis,

pursuing.

injussu

(abl), wU/iout orders.

a,
;

injustus,
[inl-=ill-

unjust, ivromj.

inm-=imm-.

insector (-to), i, to pursue, rail at. insepultus, a, um, hidden, unhuried. insequor, cutus, 3, follow close,
pursue, strive after. insero, sevi, sit-, 3, plant, engraft. insero, ui, rt-, 3, introduce, insert. inserto, i, put into, insert. inservio, 4, he of service, devoted. insideo, sedi, sess-, 2, sit upon, he

innascor, natus, 3, he horn in. innato, i, Jloat or swim upon. innecto, xui, xum, 3, fasten, join.
innitor, nis-, 3, lean on. inno, I Jloat in or upon.
,

innocens, tis, harmless, guiltless. innocentia, ae, F., hlamelessness. innocuus, a, um, harmless. innotesco, tui, 3, hecome known. innoxius, a, um, harmless, unhurt.

fxed,
inisidiae,

estahlished.

arum,

f.,

amhush, strata-

gem,

plot, treachery.

innumerus,

a,

um,

countless.

innuo, ui, ut-, 3, nod to, hint. innuptus, a, um, unwed. Ino, us, myth. d. of Cadmus. inoculo, I, emjraft. inolesco, evi, it-, 3, grow upon.
inopia,
ae, f.,

i, Ue in waitfor. insidiosus, a, um, deceitful, sly. insido, sedi, sess-, 3, settle, occupy. insignio, 4, j)ut a mark upon. insignis, e, marked, dktinguished

insidior,

N., sign

of

distinction, hadge.

insignitus,

a,

um, marked,

clear.

want, lack, need.

not expecting.

inopinans,

tis,

insilio, ui, [salio,] 4, leap upon. insimulo, i, allege, hlame, accuse.

inopinus (-natus,

a, umj, unexpecfed ; inopinato, oJ'a sudden. inops, opis, poor, needy, helpless.

insinuo, i, ivind in, thrust in, get at. insipiens, tis, foolish. insisto, stiti, 3, stand on, pursue.
insitio, onis, f., grafting.

[inp-=imp.

inquam

(inquio), say ( 38,

;

iii).

inquietus, a, um, restless. inquilinus, i, m. -a, se, f., lodger. inquino, l, defile, pollute. inquiro, sivi, sit-, 3, search, seek.
inquisitio, onis, F., investigation. inquisitor, oris, M., examiner. [inr-=irr-. insania, ae, f., madness, insanity.

insolens, tis, unwonted, haughty. insolenter, unusually, haughtily. insolentia, ae, f., novelty, arrogance. insolitus, a, um, unwonted, strange.

insomnia, insomnis,

se, f.

sleeplessness.

e, sleepless.

insanio, 4, he insane, rave, rage. insanitas, atis, f., unsoundness.

insanus,

a,

um, mad,
sum,

crazy, violent.

i, N., a dream. insono, ui, it-, i, resound, roar. insons, tis, guiltless, harmless. inspecto, i look in on, view, inspect. insperatus, a, um, unhoped-for. inspergo, si, sum, 3, strow upon.
,

insomuium,

insatiabilis,

e, insatiahle.

inscendo,

di,

insciens, tis, inscitia (-ientia), ae, f., ignorance. inscitus, a, um, ignorant, unskilled. inscius, a, um, ivithout knowledge. inscribo, psi, pt-, 3, lorite upoii, inscrihe, attrihute, suhscrihe.

upon. without knowledge.

3, step

inspicio, exi, ect-, 3, look into, examine, contemplate, consider. inspico, I, sharpen, make pointed. inspiro, i, hreathe in, inspire.
instabilis,
e, infirm, tottering.

inscriptio, onis, F., title, inscription, inscriptus, [scribo,] 7iot written on. insculpo, psi, pt-, 3, carve upon.

inseco,

ui, ct-, i, cut into, cut up.

i,

insectum,

n., insect.

instans, tis, urgent, present. instanter, vehemently. instantia, ae, f^., steadiness,frmness. instar (indec), N., likeness, like. instauro, i, renew, reunite. insterno, stravi, at-, 3, overspread. instigo, I, urge, incite, instigate. instillo, I, p)Our hy drops.

96

instinctus

interimo.
intemperantia,
ae, f.,

instinctus, iis, m., mstigation. instinguo, nxi, nct-, 3, instigate.

instita, ae, f., bo?-der,Jiounce. instito, I, press on. institor, oris, m., huckster, dealer.

mclemency,

exlravagance, excess.

intemperise, arum, f. inclemency. intemperies, ei, f., tempest, rage.

intempestus
intendo,
di,

instituo, ui, ut-, (statuo),

institutio, onis,
F.,

3,

appoint,

(-tivus), a, um, unseasonable, umvholesome, stormy.

train, establish, contrive, resolve.

tum

(sum),
at,

3,

stretch,

custom, traininfj.

sfrain, spread,

aim

intend.

institutum, i,

n., institution,j)urpose.

insto, stiti, i, stand upon, urge. instratus, [sterno,] spread. instrepo, ui, it-, 3, resound. instructio, onis, F., erection, array.

a, um, unattempted. intentio, onis, f., stretching, effort. intento, i, stretch forth, threaten.

intentatus,

intentus,
[inter-,

a,

um,

intent, strict, eager.

inter, hetween, among, during.

instrumentum,
instruo, xi, ct-,

i,

n., tool, apparel.

among,
a,
i, i,

at intervals.

3,

huild, furnish,

interamnus,
interbito, intercalo,

um,
to

instruct, prepare, provide.

come

hetween rivers. naught.

insuasum,
insuavis,

n., a dark color. unpleasant. Insuber, bris, Milanese^ Insuhrian.

i,

insert, introduce.

e,

insudo, I, s}veat at or upon. insuesco, evi, et-, 3, to get wont. insuetus, a, um, unaccustomed. insula, ee, f., island, hlock ofhouses.
insulse, foolishly. insulsus, a, um, [sal,] insipid. insulto, r, leap at or against,revile. insuni, esse, fui, be in or on, belong.

intercapedo, inis, f., interruption. intercedo, cessi, cess-,3, come or go between, protest (as tribune).
intercessio, onis, f., intervention. intercessor, oris, m., interposer. intercido, cidi, cis-, [caedo,] 3, cut to pieces, cut down, divide. intercido, idi, [cado,] 3, fall hetween, befall, happen, perish. intercipio, cepi, cept-, [capio,] 3,
intercepf, rob, hinder.

insumo, mpsi, mpt-,

3, take,

apply.

insuo, ui, ut-, 3, sew in, add to. insuper, above, moreover. insuperabilis, e, insurmountaUe. insurgo, rexi, rect-, 3, rise upon or against, mount, rise. insusurro, i, whisper to. intabesco, tabui, 3, pme ajcay. intactus, a, uni, untouched, untried. intectus, [tego,] uncovered, open. integer, a, um, sound, entire, whole. intego, xi, ct- 3, to cover. integritas, atis, f., ivholeness, soundness, integrity, purity.

intercliido,
shut
off,

si,

sum, [claudo,]

3,

hinder, hlockade. intercurro, ri, rs-, 3, 7nin hetween.

intercus, ciitis, under the skin. interdico, xi, ct-, 3, interfere, forhid, interdict.

interdictum,

i,

n., prohibition.

interdiu, hy day-time. interdum, at times, meanwhile. interduo 3, givefor a thing. interea; in the mean time, at times.

integro,

i,

renew, repeat, restore.

i,

interemptio, f., slaughter. interemptus, [-imo,] destroyed. intereo, ii, it-, 4, perish, go among.
interest, there
is difference or advanfage ( 50, iv. 4). interfectio, onis, f., killing. interfector, oris, m., slayer. interficio, feci, fect-, [facio,] 3, to kill ; interfio, perish. inter-fundo 3, pour hetween.

integumentum,

n., covering.

intellectus, us, m., understanding. intelligens, tis, intelUgent, skilled. intelligentia, ae, F., intelligence. intelligo, xi, ct-, [lego,] 3, to perceive, understand, discern.

intemeratus, a, um, undefiled. iutemperans, tis, immoderate,

travagant, profiigate.

ex-

interim

(-ibi),

meanwhile.
kill,

interimo, emi, empt-,

destroy.

interior

invenio.
intestatus, a, um, intestate. intestinus, a, um, internal. intexo, xui, xt-, 3, interweave.

97

interior ( 17, iii), inner. interitus, us, M..,^ruin. interjaceo, 2, lie betioeen. interjectus, a, um, put hetween. interjectus, iis, m., casting in. interjacio. jeci, ject-, 3, throw in. inter-lego, 3, pluck here and there. interlino, levi, lit-, 3, smear, erase. interloquor, cutus, 3, interrupt. interluceo, xi, 2, shine, appear. interluo, 3, wash,Jiow together.
2, mingle among. intermissio, onis, f., inlerruption. intermissus, a, um, interrujjted. inter-mitto, 3, cease, discontinue. inter-morior, 3, perish, decay.

intimus,

a, ( 7, iii.), deepest, secret, intimate. e,

um

inmost,

intolerabilis,

unhearable.

intolerandus, a, um, insupportable. intolerans, tis, impatient.

intoleranter, immoderately. intolerantia, ee, f., insolence. intono, ui, it-, i, thunder. intonsus, [tondeo,] unshorn.

intermino, i, inter-misceo,

threaten, forhid.

intorqueo,

si,

tum,

3, twist, hurl.

intortus, twisted, involved.

intra, ivithin, inside of.

intremo,
intrico,
i

intrepidus,
,

ui, 3, to tremble. a, um, undaunted.

intermortuus,

si,

um,
f.,

lifeless.

entangle, perplex.

internecio, onis,

massacre.

intrinsecus, inivardly.
intritus, a, um, [tero,] unworn. intro, i, enter, penetrate. intro, inivardly, ivithin. introduco, xi, ct-, 3, lead in. introeo, ivi (ii), it-, 4, enter. introitus, us, m., entrance.

internodium,

i,

n., between-joints.

internuntius, i, m., messenger. internus, a, um, imuard, internal.

intero, trivi, trit-, 3, bruise, crumhle. interpello, i, interrupt, disturh. interpolo, i, give new shape to.

interpono, sui,

sit-, 3,

put between,
pledge.

intro-mitto,

3,

send

in, let in.

utter, decree, interpose,

intorsum

(-sus), inwardly.
3, inspect.

interpres, etis, c, inteipreter, agent. interpretatio, onis, f., explanation. interpretor, i, explain, decide. interprimo, essi, ess- 3, crush.

introspicio, exi, ect-,

;

interregnum,

i,

n., heticeen-reigns.

interrex, regis, m., regent. interritus, a, um, undaunted. interrogo, i, ask, sue, argue. inter-rumpo, 3, hreak off', interrUpt. interruptus, a, um, hroken up. inter-scindo, 3, tear asunder. intersepio, psi, pt-, 4, fence in. interstinguo, nxi, nct-, 3, pdrt, kill. intersum, esse, fui, bepresent at, or

intubus, i, d. um, i, N., endive. intueor, itus, 2, gaze on, observe. intumesco, mui, 3, to get sivoUen. intus, tvithin, on the inside. intutus, a, um, unguarded.
inultus, [ulciscor,] unpunished.

inumbro, i, shade. inundo, i, overflow, inundate. inurbanus, a, um, unpolished.

inuro, ussi, ust-, 3, brand, burn. iniisitatus, a, um, uncommon.

inusque.

unto, even

to.

inutilis, e, useless, hurtful.

among

dijfer (see interest).

intertexo, xui, xt-, 3, interweave. intervallum, i, n., mte?'m/(between the palisades), difference. inter-vello, 3, jAuck out or aivay. inter-venio, 4, co7ne hetween. interventus, iis, m., interposition. interverto, ti, sum, 3, turn aside. interviso, si, sum, 3, spy, inspect.
intestabilis,
e,

Inuus, i, a name of Pan. invado, si, sum, 3, come upon,

tack, enter

at-

upon, befall. invalesco, valui, 3, grow strong. invalidus, a, um, iveak. invectio, onis, f., importing. inveho, xi, ct-, 3, hring in or upon, attack, inveigh against. invenio, veni, vent-, 4, come upon,
find, discover, invent.

abominahle.

inventor
inventor, oris, m.
;

itinerarius.
irrequietus,
irrideo, idi, irridiculus,
irrigo,
a,

-trix, icis, f.,

um,

restless.

fiader, discoverer.

irretio, 4, ensnare, entangle.

is-, 2,

invenustus, a, um, ungraceful. inverecundus, a, um, shameless. invergo, 3, pour upon.

inversus, a, um, perverted. inverto, ti, sum, 3, recerse, upset. investigo, i, track, trace. inveterasco, 3, grow old or Jixed. invetero, i, make or groio old.

laugh

at, jest.

a,

um,

laughahle.

i, to water, irrigate, nourish. irriguus, a, um, fuU of water. irrisus, [rideo,] mocked. irrisus, iis, m., mockery, derision.

irritamentum,
irrito,
i,

i,

n., stimulant.

excite, injiame.

invicem, by turns. invictus, a, um, unconquered. invideo, vidi, vis-, 3, grudge, envy. invidia, se, f., envy, malice. invidiosus, a, um, envious, odious. invidus, a, um, envious. invigilo, i,he watchful, take pains. inviolatus, a, um, unharmed. inviso, si, sum, 3, visit. invisus, a, um, unseen, hated. invito, I, invite, su^nmon, challenge. invitus, a, um, unwilling, reluctant. invius, a, um, pathless, impassahle. invocatus, a, um, uncaUed. invoco, I, call upon, name, invoke. involo, i,fy into or upon. involacrum, i, n., wrapper. inv dIvo, i, nt-, 3, rolL upon, v:rap. lo, Iu3 (onis), myth. d. of Inachus, ch9.nged to a heifer. locasta, aB (e, es), m. of CEdipus. lolcos, i, M., a port in Thessaly. loiiia, ae, dist. of 12 Greek cities on W. coast of Asia Minor.

irritus, a,

um,

vain, void, useless.

irrogo, irroro,

propose, appoint, inflict. i, to moisten, bedew. ir-rumpo, 3, to break or hurst in. irruo, ui, 3, rush or pour in. irruptio, onis, f., hursting-in.
i,

is,

ea, id ( 20), he, she,

this, that.

Isauria, ae, f., a dist. of Asia Minor.

Isis,is (idis), an Egyptian goddess. Ismarus, i, m. -a, orum, n., a mountain range of Thrace.
;

Issus,

i, f., a city of CiHcia, where Darius was defeated, b.c. 333.

istac, this way.

iste, a,

ud

20,

ii.),

that.

Ister, tri, m., the lower Danube. j-isthmus, i, m., isthmus.

a, um, Isthmian ; N. pl., games celebrated near Corinth. istic, aec, oc (uc), this same.

Isthmius,

istic, there, yonder.

istim,

to that j)lace.

istinc, thence,from yonder.

istiusmodi, qf

that sort.

lonicus

(-ius), a,
ee,

um, of lonia.
of

isto, istoc, thither, yonder.

Iphigenia,

d.

Agamemnon,

sacrificed to ipse (ipsus), a,

Diana at AuHs. um, ( 20, ii.), self.

temper.

istorsum, thitherward. Istria, ae, f., the dist. near Venice.

istuc, thither (interrog. -cine).
ita, so, thus.

ira, ae, f., rage, anger.

iracundia,

ae, f., icrath,

Italia, se, F., Italy.

Italis, idis, f.,

iracundus,

a,

um, passionate.

an

Italian

woman.

irascor, i, to he angry, wrathful. iratus, a, um, enraged.

ircus=liircus, goat.
Iris, idis, F.,
iris, idis, f.,

messenger of Juno.
rainhow, sivord-idy.

italus (-icus), a, um, Italian. itaque, and so, therefore. item, so, likewise, also. iter, itineris, n., icay, road, march.
itero,
I,

repeat, relate.
I.

irpex, icis, m., rake, hari-ow. irrado, 3, scrape, shave. irrasus, a, um, unshaven. irreparabilis, e, irretrievable. irrepo, psi, 3, creep in or up)on.

iterum, a second time. Ithacus, a, um, of Ithaca, an west of Greece m., Ulysses. itidem, in like manner. itinerarius, a, um, of the march.
;

itio

justus.

99

itus, us, M., a (joing, of eo), go. Itys, yos, ya, myth. s. of Tereus, changed to a pheasant. liilus, i, a name of Ascanius, as founder of the JuHan family. Ixion, 6nis, k. of Lapithae, bound to a fiery wheel in Tartarus. iynx, gis, f., wry-neck (a bird).
itio, onis, f.
I
;

ito,

(freq.

icis, u., Judge, juror. judicatio, onis, f., investigation. judicialis, e, ofthe court. judicium, i, n., court, trial, judg-

judex,

ment, sentence.
jiidico, jugalis,
I,

tojudge, decide.

e,

of a yoke,
i
;

nuptial.

jugerum,
(about
i

pl.,

era,

um,

n.,

acre

of Enghsli acre).

jiigis, e, constant, perennial.

jiiglans, dis, F., walnut.

J.

jiigo,

I,

hind, Join, marry.

I,

jugulo,
jaceo,ui, jaoit-, 2, lie. jaoio, jeci, jact-, 3, throiv, utter. jactantia, ae, f., loud hoasting. jactatio, onis, F., tossing about. jacto, I, toss, hurl, discuss, boast. jactura, ae, f., throwing, cost, loss. jactus, us, M., a throw, cast. jaculor, I, to cast, hurl, shoot.

cut the throat,

i,

kill.

jugulum, jugum, i,
Jugurtha,
Jiilius, a,

N.

-us,

i,

m., throat.

N., ijoke, cross-heam.

ae,

king of Numidia,

capt. B.c. 106.

um, of July ; a Gens, including the family of Cassar. jumentum, i, N., heast of hurden. junceus, a, um, of rushes.
junctiira,
ae, f., Joint,

jaculum,

i,

n., javelin, dart.

connection.

jaculus, a, um, thrown; n., jam, now, already, presently.

net.

jampridem,

noio, long since.

Janiculum, a hill of Rome, beyond the Tiber.

janitor, oris, M., door-keeper.

juncus, i, M., rush. jungo, nxi, nct-, ^, Join, yoke. jiinior, oris, younger {^17, iii.). Jiinius, a, um, ofJune; aGens,

in-

janua, se, f., door, entra^ice. Januarius, a, um, January. Janus, i, the ItaHan Sun-god.
jecur, oris (inoris),
n., liver.

jejunium,
jejiinus, a,

i,

n.

-itas, F.,fasting.
sterile,

um, hungry,

dry.

cluding the family of Brutus. junix, icis, F., heifer. Jiino, onis, queen of Heaven. Juppiter, Jovis, Jupiter, son of Saturn, king of gods. Jura, ae, m., the mt. W. of Helvetia. jurator, oris, m., witness. jiiratus, a, um, under oath.
jiireus, a,

jentaculum, i, n., early meal. jocor (o), I, to jest.

jocosus,
a,

um
i,

(jus),

of

hroth.

jurgium,
jurgo,
jiiris

N., dispute.

um, jesting, facetious.

I, to

quarrel, dispute.
i,

jocularis, e,funny, laughahle. jocus (-culus), i, M.,joke,jest,fun. Jovis, gen. of Juppiter. Juba, 3e, k. of Numidia, partisan of Pompey d. b.c. 46.
;

consultus,

jiirisdictio, onis,

f.,

m. Jurist. administration
skilled in law.

of Justice,

legcd authority.

jiirisperitus, a,

um,

juro

(or), I, sivear, take oath.

juba, ae, f., ma)ie, hair. jubar, aris, n., sunheam, radiance. jubatus, a, um, crested. jubeo, jussi, juss-, 2, orde?-, command, hid, entreat, decree. jucunditas, atis, F., pleasantness. jiicundus, a, um, glad, delightful. Judaea, ae, f., Palestine.

jus, jiiris, N., law, right, Justice. jus, jiiris, N., ht^oth, soup, gravy. jusjiirandum ( 14, ii, 2), oath.

jussum, i, N. -us, iis, m. command. jussus, [jubeo,] ordered.

;

justitia,

ae, F., Justice.

justitium, i, n., vacation of court. justus, a, um, Just, true, due, right
N., Justice ; pl.,

Judaicus

(-aeus), a,

um,

Jewish.

ceremonies.

100
juvenalis,
e, youthful. a,

juvenalis

Isevus.

lac, lactis, n., milk.

m., hul-

juvencus,
lock
;

um, young ;

fLacsena,
S.-E.

ae,

a Spartan

woman.

F., heifer.

JLacedaemon,
dist.

juvenesco, nui, 3, become a youth. juvenilis, e, youthful, cheerjul. juvenis, is (um), c, a youth.
juventa,
ae
;-

onis, f., Sparta, of Peloponnesus

Lacedaemonius, a, um, Spartan.

lacer, era, um, mangled, torn. laceratio, onis, f., mangling.

tas, tatis

-tus, txitis,

F., youth (reckoned from 20 to 40). juvo, jiivi, jiit-, i, help, gratify. juxta, near, clo.se by, directly, alike. juxtim, close by, near.

'

lacerna, ee, f., a loarm cloak. lacero, i, mangle, rail at, destroy. lacertus, i, m. -ta, ae, f., lizard. lacertus, i, m., arm (upper-arm). lacesso, ivi, it-, 3, chaUenge, har;

ass, excite,

provoke.
tear.

lachrima (-yma)=lacrima,
lacinia,
ge, f., lappet,

K, the praenomen Kaeso. k, (kal. or Kalendae, arum,

kalends, first of the

F.),

month

83).

dewlap. laciniosus, a, um, jagged, indented. fLaco (-con), conis, m., a Spartan. Laconicus, a, um, Spartan.

Karthaginiensis,

e,
f.,

Cartliaginian.

lacrima (lacruma),
lacrimabilis,

ae, f., tear.

Karthago,

a wealthy and povverful city of N. Africa, long a deadly rival of Rome taken and destroyed, B.c. 146. The Carthaginian wars were, i. B.c. 264-241 2. B.c. 219-202 ; 3. B.c. 149-146.
inis,

Carthage ;

e, tearful,
i,

sad.

lacrimo

(or),

iveep.

lacrimosus, a, um,

tearful, iveeping.

lacteo, 2, suck or liold milk. lacteus, a, um, milking, milk-white.

lactis,
is, F., srnall entrail.

lacto

(-ito), i, suckle, allure.

lactiica, se, f., lettuce. laciina, se, f,, hole, pool, gap, void, laciinar, aris, n., panelled ceiling. lacuno, I, to holloiv, panel.

L, the praen,

Lucius; num.,=5o.
of Thebes. loosen, shake, weaken.
k.

labasco

(-or), 3, totter, icaver.

Labdacus, myth.

lacus, laedo, laena,

iis,

m,, lake, tank, vat.

si,

sum,
ee,

3, strike, hurt.

ae, f.,

labe-facio, 3, labefacto, i, shatter, overthroiD,ruin. labefio, p. of labefacio.

Laertes,

mantle. father of Ulysses.

Laestrygbnes, um, a myth. savage

race of Sicily and S. Italy.
laetabilis, e, joyful, glad. laetamen, inis, n., nianure.
laete, gladly, fruitfuUy.

labellum, i, labeo, onis,

labes,
labia,
ae, f.
;

n., Up, bath-tuh.

m., blubber-lip.

is, F.,fa!.l, ruin, stain.

labium,

i,

n., lip.

laetifico,

i,

labo, I, totter, v:aver, sink. labor, lapsus, 3, glide, fall, err. labor, oris, M,, toil, distress. laboriosus, a, um, full of toil. laboro, i, labor, strive, suffer. labrum, i, N,, lip, magazine, vat. labrusca, ae, F. -cum, i, N., wild
;

laetificus, a,

gladden, fertilize. um, gladdening.

laetitia, ae, F., jo]i, beauty, fertility. laeto, I, make glad; P., to rejoice.

laetus, a,
fertile,

um,

glad, joyful, cheerful,

charming. laeve, awkmirdly. laevis=levis, smooth.

gra])e.

laevorsum,
laevus,
a,

to the left.

Labyrinthus, i, m., ^n intricate building wrought by Dasdalus

in Crete, for the Minotaur.

um, the left, unfortunate, awkward; (in ?iUg\\ry) fortnnate

., left

hand;

N.,

on the

left.

lagena
lagena,
ee, f.,

latesco.

101

Jiask.

Lagus, father of Ptolemy, the first Grecian king of Egypt. Laius, myth. king of Thebes, father of Oidipus.

lapido, I, throiv stones at. lapidosus, a, um, stony.

lapillus,
i, M., ijebble, gravel. lapis, idis, m., stone, milestone.

lambo, bi, bit-, 3, lick, ivash. lamenta, orum, n., lament.

lamentabilis, e, mournful. lamentatio, onis, F., mourning.

Lapithae, arum, mountaineers of Thessaly. lappa, 86, F., burr.

lapsio, onis,
f., sliding, proclivity.

lamentor, i, betcail, lament. lamina, ae, f., leaf, layer. f lampas, adis (da, das), f.,
\

lapso, I, slide,fall, stwnble. lapsus, us, M., [labor,] fall,fiight. laquear, aris, n., panelled ceiling.

torcli.

a town in Asia on the Hellespont. lana, ae, f., wool, down. lanarius, a, um, of icool; M., a worker in wool ; F., wool-factory. lanatus, a, um, looolly. lancea, ee, f., a light spear. lances (lanx), dishes. lancino, i, mangle, destroy. laneus, a, um, woolen, doivny.
(cus),
i,

Lampsacum

laqueo, i, ensnare, entangle ; adorn ivith pannelUng. laqueus, i, m., noose, snare, lasso.
Lar,
tis,

frst-born (Etruscan).

Larentia (Acca), wife of Faustulus, nurse of Romulus. Lares, ium (um), houshold deities;
hearth, home.

large

(-iter), bountifully.

languens, tis,fainf, languid. langueo, 2 (-guesco, gui, 3),

to he

OY groiv faint, languid, loedk. languidus, a, vira.,faint, weak.

largior, 4, bestow gifts, lavish, bribe. largitas, atis, f., liberality, bribery. largitor, oris, M., giver, briber. largus, a, um, ample, abundant. laridum (lardum), i, N., fat bacon.
i, N., a Samnite town. Larissa, ae, f., a city of Thessaly. Larissaeus, a, um, Thessalian. Larius, i, m., L. Como, in N. Italy.

Larinum,

languor, oris,

m., languor,faintness.

laniarius, a, um, ofa butcher. laniatus, us, m., mangling.

lanicium,
laniena,

i,

n., icool.

ee, f.,

butcher^s

stall.

lanificus, a, um, working in wool. laniger, era, uTa.,fleecy ; m., ram. lanio, I, mangle, tear, lacerate. lanista, ae, m., fencing-master, trainer of gladiators. lanius, i, M., butcher, executioner. lanugo, inis, f., down, bloom.

f larix, icis, D., larch. larus, i, m., sea-mew ( .^). larva, ae, f., mask, spectre, goblin. larvo, I, bewitch, enchant.

lasanum,

i,

f.,

cooking-pot.

Lanuvium, i,

um, downy. a town of Latium, 23 miles S. E. of Rome. lanx, cis, f., dish, plalter. Laocoon, tis, myth. priest of Apollo, in Troy. Laomedon, tis, k. of Troy, father of Priam and Ganymede.
lanugineus
(-osus), a,
n.,

lascivia, ae, F., sport, wantonness. lascivio, 4, to be playful, wanton. lascivus, a, uni, plaTjful, wanton. lassitudo, inis, F., weariness. lasso, I, makefaint or languid. lassus, a, um, faint, weary, languid.

latebra,

ae, F.,

hiding-place, retreat.

latebrosus,

a,

um,

hidden, intricate.

latens, tis, hidden. lateo, ui, 2, be hid, (w. acc).

later, eris, M., brick,
tile.

lapathum

(us),

i,

n., sorrel.

lapicidinae, arum, F., quarries. lapidat, it rains stones. lapidatio, onis, f., stoning.

lapideus

(-arius), a,

um

of

stone.

laterarius, a, um, of bricks ; M., brick-maker ; F., brick-kiln. laterculus, i, m., tile, jmncake. latericius, a, um, made of brick. laterna, ae, F., lan^ern. latesco, 3, hide ; iatesco, widen.

102

latex

lenis.

latex, icis, m., liquid; pl., imter. latibulor, i, he hid, lurk.

lavo, lavi, laut-

(lot-), i, to tvash.

laxamentum,
laxitas, atis,

i,

n., ividening.

latibulum,

i,

m., luvJcing-place.
a,

f.,

roominess, breadth.

laticlavius,

(with broad stripe), of nohle family.

um

latifundium, i, n., estate, plantation. Latinus, a, um; Latialis, e, of

Lafium, Latin. Latinus, i, myth.
latito,
I,

laxatus, a, um, ivide,free. laxe, spaciously, freely. laxo, i, open, expand, slacken. laxus, a, um, ivide, loose, open. leaena (lea), ae, f., lioness.
f lebes, etis, m., kettle. lectica, ae, f., litter, carrying-chair. lecticarius, i, m., litter-hearer. lecticula, ae, f., litter, bier. lectio, onis, f., gathering, reading.

k.

of Latium.

latio, onis, f., hringing.

latitudo, inis,

[lateo,] hide, skulk, lurk. f,, hreadth, size.

Latium, i, N., the district Southward from Rome, having espe(jus Latii). Latona, ae, the mother of Apollo. lator, oris, m., proposer of a law.
cial poHtical rights

lectisternium,

i,

n.,

banquet

latrator, oris, m., harker, dog. latratus, iis, m., harking. latrina, ae, F., sink, priv]j. latro, I, to hark, rant, hluster. latro, onis, m., rohher, hrigand, hodyguard, mercenary, assassin.

offered to the gods or images. lectito, i, [lego,] read frequently. lector, oris, m., reader. lectus (-ulus), i, M., hed, couch. lectus, [lego,] select, chosen. Leda, ae, wife of Tyndarus, mother

of Helen and Clytaemnestra.

legalis, e,

of
i,

the law.

legatum,

n., bequest.

latrocinium,
latrocinor,
i,

i,

n., rohhery, fraud. serve for hire, 7'ob,

plunder, hunt.
m., rohher,freehooter. latus, [fero,] horne, carried. latus, a, um, hroad, ivide, copious. latus, eris, n., side,flank, hody.

legatio, onis, F., embassy, legation. legativus, a, um, of the legation. legatus, i, m., [lego,] an ambassador, dejmty, lieutenant.

latrunculus, i,

legifer, era,

um,
f.,

laiv-giving.

legio,

onis,

legion
;

(of 4,200,

laudabilis, e, praiseivorthy. laudatio, onis, f., eulogy.

laudator, oris, m., eulogist. laudo, I, to praise, eulogize. laureatus, a, um, laurel-crowned, Laurens, tis, of L^aurentum, a coast town of Latium.
laureola, ee, f., laurel-ivreath. laureus, a, um, of laurel.
lauriger, era, um, laurel-decked. laurus, i (us), f., laurel, hay. laus, laudis, F., praise, merit, glory. laute, sumptuously. lautia, e, F., state-hanquet.
lautitia, se, F., magnificence.

afterwards 6,000) army. legionarius, a, um, of a legion. legirupa, ae, M., law-hreaker. legitimus, a, um, lauful, right.
lego, i, depute, appoint, hequeathe. lego, legi, lect-, 3, gather, pass along, select, read, recite. legiimen, inis, n., beans or peas.

Leleges, um, a Pelasgian tribe, of Greece and Asia Minor.

Lemannus,
lembus,
t f
i,

i,

M.,

Lake Geneva.
title.

m., yacht, cutter.

lemma,

atis, N., topic,

flautumiae, arum,

f.,

stone-quarry.

lemniscus, i, m., rihbon, badge. f Lemnos, an L in the Aigean, tlie abode of Vulcan. lemures, um, m., shades, spectres.
lena, ae, f., procuress. lene, calmly, indoleritly.

lautus, [lavo,] nohle, elegant. lavatio, onis, f., hathing.

Laverna,

ee, goddess of Gain. Lavinia, ae, daughter of Latinus, wife of ^neas.

lenimen,

inis, n., soothing, remedy.

lenio, 4, soothe, soften, mitigate. lenis, e, smooth, mild.

lenitas

librarius.

103

lenitas, atis -tiido, iuis, F., gentlenei^s, snioothness, mildness, lenity. leno, onis, m., seducei; procurer. lenocinium, i, n., trade ofprocurer, allarement, decoration, Jinery.
;

levatio, onis, f., uplifting, relief. leviculus, a, um, rather vain. levigo, I, hruise, make smooth. levir, iri, m., hushand^s hrother.
levis, e, levis,
e,
light,

easy, slight, false.

soft, delicate.

lenocinor,
lentesco,

i,Jiatter, serve.
f., lentil.

smooth,

lens, lentis,
3,

grow pliant,

relax.

levitas, atis, f., lightness,fickleness. levitiido, inis, f., smoothness.

lenticula, ae, f., lentil. lentigo, inis, F.,JrecUe. lentiscus, i, f. -uni, i, n., mastich. lentitia, se -es, ei, f., pliancy,
; ;

levo, levo,

I, to
I,

to

make
;

upUft, lighten, relieve. smooth, polish.

toughness, viscosity.

lentitiido, inis, f., sluggishness. lento, I, hend, lengthen, protract. lentor, oris, m., pliancy. lentus, a, um, slow, tough, pliant.

lex, legis, f., law, rule, order. libamen, inis -mentum, i, n., lihation, drink-offering. Libanus, i, M., Mt. Lehanon, in Syria. libella, ae, F., small coin, farthing. libellus, i, m., [liber,] little book,
note, meinorial,
hill.

lenunculus,

i,

m., hoat, skiff.

leo, leonis, m., lion.

Leonidas,

ae, a Spartan king, Thermopylae, B.c. 480. leoninus, a, um, of a lion.

killed at

libens, tis, [libet,] wilUng, glad, libenter, gladly. libentia, ae, F., delight. libenter, gladly, freely. liber, era, um, free ; pL, children.

f lepas, adis, F., limpet. lepide, agreeahle, prettil^.

Liber,

eri, M.,

Bacchus ; wine.

liber, bri, m., bark, book.

lepidus,

a,

um,

lepor (6s),

oris,

agreeahle^facetious. m., pleasantness,

charm, wit, humor. lepus, oris, m., hare.

Libera, ae, a name of Proserpine. Liberalia, um, festival of Bacchus. liberalis, e, of freemen, liheral.
liberalitas, atis, F., lihercdity, liberatio, onis, f., release. liberator, oris, m., deliverer.
liberi,
gift.

Lernceus, a, um, ofLerna, a marsh near Argos. Lesbis, idis -ias, adis, f., Leshian. Lesbius (-ous, -iacus), a, um, of Leshos, an island near Troy. lessum (m. acc), ivailing.
;

orum,

m., children.

letalis, e, deadly.
i, M., drowi ncss. Lethe, es f., (ohlivion), a river of the workl below.

f iethargus,

letifer, era,

um,

death-hringing.
n., death, ruin.

libero, i, deliver, release. liberta, ae, ., freedivoman. libertas, atis, .,freedom. libertinus, a, um, of a Jreedman ; M., freedman (as class). libertus, i, m., freedman. libet (lubet), it pleases ( 39, i). libidinor, i, indulge lust.

leto,

I,

slay, kill.
i,

libidinosus,

a,

um,

lusiful, sensucd.

letum (lethum),
Leucadia,

ae; Leucas, adis, f., a peninsula of N. W. Greece. f leucaspis, idis, with ivhite shields. Leucata, se, f., a prom. of Leucadia. Leucothea, se, myth. name of Ino. Leuctra, orum, N., a town of Boeotia, famous for the defeat of the Spartans, b.c. 371.

libido, inis, f., [libet,] eager or unlaw/ul desire, pleasure, caprice.

libita,

orum,
ae,

N., ivhat

one

ivill.

Libitina,
libo,
I,

goddess of BuriaL
(12 oz.), halance. N., iveight, even

taste, touch, j)our, cidl.

libra, ae, f.,

pound libramentum, i,

levamen,

inis;

-mentum,

i,

n.,

surface or bcdance. librarius, a, um, of hooks ; m., copyist, clerk; F., hookstore; N.,
book-chesi.

alleviation, consolation.

104

librarius

litigiosus.

librarius, a, um, of a pound; F., head-spinner (weigher of wool). librafcio, onis, F., weighing out. librator, oris, m., surveyor, engineer.
librilis, e,

limax, acis, F., slug, snail. limbus, i, m., edge, border, fiounce. limen, inis, n., sill, threshold.
limes,
itis, m., hy-path,

houndary.

of a pound ; N,, scales. libripens, pendis, m., pagmaster.

libro,
I,

limis, e=limus, aslant. limito, I, Umit,fix, divide.

weigh, poise, huii.

limo,

I,

tofle,

ivhet, polish.

libum, i, N.. a cake. Liburnus, a, um, Lihurnian (of Illyria) F., a swift galleg. Libya, se (-e, es), Libya, Africa.
;

LLbyus
a,

(-ycus, -yssus, -ystinus), -ys, yos (-ystis, tydis, F.), Lih//an, or African. lioens, tia,free, unrestt^ained. licenter, a!. pleasure. licentia, ee, f., freedom, license. liceo, cui, cit-, 2, he on sale, value. liceor, itus, 2, hid (at auction). licet, uit, 2, it is permitted ( 39, i), licet, although, even if, granted. f lichen, enis, m., lichen, eruption.

limosus, a, um, muddy, miry. limpidus, a, um, clear, pure. limus, a, um, asiant, awry, squinting. limus, i, m., sliine, mud, dirt. limus, i, M., girdle, apron.
linea,
ae, f.,

um;

thread, string, line, net.

i,

lineamentum,

n., line, stroke.

lineo, I, sketch, straigkten. lineus, a, um, of Jiax. lingo, nxi, nct-, 3, iick. lingua, se, F., tongue, language. lingulaca, ae, c, chatterhox, gossip. liniger, era, um, iinen-wearing. lino, levi, lit-, 3, anoint, smear.

linquo, liqui,

lict-, 3, leave, quit.

4), i)oat, tray.
;

licitor,

[liceor,] to hid. licium, i, n., listing, thread, girdle. lictor, oris, m., lictor (attendant
I,

linteo, onis, m., linen-iveaver.

linter, tris, f. (T. 2,
i.

linteus,
clotli,

a,

um, of

linen

N.,

iinen

on a magistrate

a dictatorhad
f

canvas.
i,

24, a consul 12, a praetor 6), lien, enis, m., spleen.

linum,

N., Jiax, thread, net.

lienosus,
-tura,

a,

um,
;

splenetic.

ligamen, minis
ae, f.,

-mentum,

i,

n.

son of Apollo, a i, singer and poet of Thebes. Lipara, ae, F., an I. N. of Sicily.

Linus

(os),

hand, ligament. Liger, eris, m., the river Loire. lignarius, a, um, of wood ; m., carpenter, lumber-dealer. lignatio, onis, f., getting ivood.

lippio, 4,

to he

hlear-eyed.

lippus, a, um, Uear-eyed. lique-facio, 3 P., -fio, melt, dissoive. liqueo. cui (qui), 2 -esco, 3, to be Jiuid, clear; non liquet (n. 1.),
; ;

ligneus
lignor,
ligo,
I,

(-olus), a,
I,

um,

loooden, dry.

to get

wood.
tie,

to

hind,

fasten.

ligo, 5nis, m., gruh-hoe.

ligula, dim. of lingua, tongue. Ligures, um, people of Liguria (Piedmont), tlie dist. near Genoa.

ligurio, 4,

lick,

long for, he dainty.

the case is not ciear. liquide, cieariy, confidentiy. liquidus, a, um, iiquid, ciear. liquo, I, meit, dissoive, strain. liquor, i, meit,flow. liquor, oris, m., liquid, fiuidity. lira, ae, f., ridge, furrow. liro, I, to plough, harrow.

Ligusticus, a, um, of Liguria. ligu^trum, i, n., privet. lilium i, N,, lily. Libybaeum, i, n., a promontory at the wcst of Sicily. lima, ae, f., file. limarius, a, um, slimy, clayey, miry. limatus, a, um, refined, correct.

flirce, trijies.
lis, litis, F., stlis, dispute, iawsuit.

litatio, onis, v.,propitious sacrifice. litera (-ula), ae, /eer(of alphabet)

pl,, epistle,

document,

ietters.

literate, cieariy, iearnediy, iiteraliy. literatus, a, um, iettered, iearned. litigiosus, a, um, disputatious.

litigium
litigium,
litigo,
lito,
'

lucubratio.
loretum,
loreus,
a,
i,

105

i,

N., dispute.

I,

to sue,

quarrel, litigate.

loquor, lociitus, 3, speak, talk. lora (-ea), ae, f., afier-ivine.

n., laurel-grove.

I,

.sa(,T//z"c-e

(with

good omens),

make
shore.

expiation^ appease.

um, of

thongs.

litoralis,

e;

-eus,

a,

um, of

the

lorica,

9B, f., leather cuirass, breast-

ivork, parapet, fence.

littera=litera, letter. littus=litus, shore. litiira, ae, f., [lino,] Uur, erasure. litus, iis, M., sjnearing, daubing.
litus, 6ris, n., shore.

lorico. I, clothe in mail. loripes, edis, tithe, or how-legged. lorum, i, n., thong, rein, scourge.

flotos, i, M., ivater-lity, lotus, [lavo,] ivashed.

lotus.

lituus, i, M., augur''^ crook, horn. liveo, 2, to be hluish. lividus, a, um, hluish, lurid, envious, malignant. livor, oris, M., Iwidness, envy.
lix, licis, M., ashes.

lubet=libet,

it

pteases.

lubido, inis, f. =libido, pleasure. IQbrico, i, make slippery.

liibricus, a, um, siippery, fleeting. lucaris, e, of the forest.

Lucanus,
;

a,

um, of Lucania, a

lixa, ae, m.,

loicers.

sutler

pl.,

camp-fol-

dist.

of S. Italy.
i,

lucellum,

n., slight gain.

lixivus
localis,

(-ius), a,

um,

oflye.

liiceo, luxi, 2, shine, gleam.

e, of a place. locarius, a, um, of renting. locatio, onis, F., tocalion, lease. locator, oris, m., one ivho lets, hirer. loco, I, put, let, give in marriage. loculus,i, M.,place, hier, coffin, stall. locuples, etis, rich, sure, ampie.

Luceres, um, a patrician tribe in tlie founding of Rome. Luceria, ae, F., a town in Apulia. lucerna, ae, f., lamp. lucesco, 3, groio hright, dawn.

locupleto, locus, i, M.

I, to
;

enrich.

pL, a, n. ( 14, ii. i), place, topic, rank ; abl., instead. locusta, ae, f., locust, lohster.
lociitio, onis, F., speaking, speech.

um, bright, clear. um, light-hringing. Lucifer, feri, m., the morning star. Iricifugus, a, um, light-shunning.
liicidus, a,
liicifer, era,

Lucina,

ae, the godcless of Birth. lucinus, a, um, bringing to light. lucrativus, a, um, of gain or he-

locutus, [loquor,] having spoken. lodix, icis, f., coverlet, hlanket.

f logicus, a,

quesl, profitahle.

um,

logical

f., logic.

lucri-facio, 3, get gain. lucrificus, a, um, profitable.

flogos,

i,

M., ioord,jest, reason.

f., cuttle-fish.

Lucrinus,
lucripeta, lucror, I,

i,

m.,

loligo, inis,

ae,

a lake near Baiae. c, gain-seeker.

lolium,

i,

N., darnel, cockle, tares. n.,

to a,

get gain, profit.

lomentum, i, Londinium,
longaevus,
a,

a bean-poultice.

lucrosus,

um, gainfuL
weatth.
-tatio, onis, f.,
;

i,

n.,

London.
aged, ancient.
f., distance, ex-

um,

lucrum, i, n., gain, luctamen, inis, n.

longe,/a?-, hy far.

longinquitas, atis,
tent, lengtli,

a ui'estle, struggle, contest. luctator, oris, m., wrestler.

duration.
a,

longinquus,
longurius,
i,

um,

long, far.

longitiido, inis,

f., length.

um, griefbringing. um, causing grief. luctisonus, a, um, sad-sounding.

luctifer, era, luctificus, a,

m., long pole.

a,

luctor,

I,

to struggle, ivrestle.

longus (-ulus),
loquax, acis,
loquela,

um,

long,far.

luctuosus,
luctus,
iis,

a,

um,

sorrowful.

loquacitas, atis,
ae, f.,

f., loquacity.

M., grief
f.,

mourning.
night-work.

talkative.

liicu, [lux,] by daylight.

word, discourse.

liicubratio, onis,

106

lucubro

Lyceum.
lurco
(-or), i,

lucubro, I, to toil hy night. luculente (-ter), hrilliantly. luculentus, a, um, hright, famous. Lucullus, i, L. Licinius, a wealthy
noble, commander against Mithridates, B.c. 74-66. Lucumo, onis, m. (an Etruscan title), pj-iest or jmnce. liicus, i, M., wood or grove. ludia, ae, f., actress.

devour greedily.
ivan, lurid.

liaridus, a,

um,

liiror, oris, m., paleness.

Roman

luscinia luscinus

(-ola),

se, f.,

nightingale,

(.-ius), a,

um,

one-eyed.

lusciosus, a, um, purhlind. luscus, a, um, one-eyed.

Liisitania, ee, f., Portugal. lusito, I freq. of liido, play. liisor, oris, m., player.
,

ludibriosus,

a,

um,

scornful.

liisorius, a,

um, of play

n.,

play-

ludibrium,

i,

N., jest,

mockery.

ground ;
lustralis,

F.
e,

pl., swift cruisers.

a, um, playful, easy. liidicer (-crus), a, um, sportive. ludificatio, onis, F,, derision.

liidibundus,

of purifying ;

or,

of

four years.
lustratio, onis, f., a purifcation, going ahoid. lustricus, a, um, of purifcation. lustro, i, piivify, survey, iraverse.

ludifico (-cor),

i, to

make

sport

of

deceive, deride, frustrate.

liidimagister, tri, M., teacher. -ius, i, m., actor. liidio, onis, F.

;

lustrum,
liisus,

i,

N., den, hog,Jorest; exjn-

liido,

si,
i,

sum,

3,

play,

sjjort,

deceive.

ation, jjeriod
iis,

offouryears.

ludus,
lues,

m., sport,

game,

school.

m., [liido,] gaine, sport.

is, F.,

pestilence, calamity.
e,

Lugdiinensis,
city

of Lugdunum, a
mourn, lament.

on the Rhone (Lyons).

e,

lutamentum, i, n., mud-wcdl. lutarius, a, um, of mud. liiteolus, a, um, yelloivish.

lutesco, 3, get muddy. Lutetia, ae, f., Paris. luteus, a, um, golden-yellow. luteus, a, um, of mud, dirty. luto, I, hedauh with clay. lutosus, a, um, muddy.
lutra,
Ee, f., otier.

liigeo, xi, ct-, 2,

ISgubris,
liima,

mournful.

ae, f., tliorn.

lumbifragium, i, N., hack-hrecdcing. lumbricus, i, M., stomach-icorm. lumbus, i, M., loin.

liimen, inis, n., light, lamp, eye. liiminar, aris, n., ivindow. liimino, i, hrighten, illumine. liiminosus, a, um, light, hright.
liina, ae, f., mooji.

lutulentus,
lutulo, liitum,
I,
i,
i,

a,

um, muddy,

dirty.

hespatier, hemire.
N., yelloiv-weed.
N.,

lutum,

mud,

clay.

lunaris, e, of the moon, moonlight. liinatus, a, um, crescent-shaped. liino, I, hend (hke half moon). luo, lui, 3, tvash, cleanse, expiate. lupa, ae, f., she-tvolf prostitute. lupatus, a, um, sharp-ioothed ; n. pl., curh, or toothed hit.

lux, lucis,

F., ligld, life,

day.

luxo, I, dish)caie. displace. luxuria, se (es, ei), f., luxuriance,

rankness, luxury.

luxurio (-or) i, he luxuriant, ahound. luxuriosus, a, um, rank, luxuriant,

exuherant, ivanton.

Lupercal,
in

alis,
;

n.,

grove of Pan

luxus,
dor
;

iis,

M., excess, luxury, splen-

Rome

pl.,

a festival of

Pan

dislocation.

celebrated in February.

Lupercus, i, m., a name of Pan. lupinus (-illus), i, m., lupine.

lupinus, lupus, i,
a,

um, of a

wolf.

m., ivolf,

liira, ae, F.,

a jagged hit. hag, sacFs mouth.'

lurco, onis, m., glutton.

Lyaeus, i, M., a name of Bacchus. Lycaeus, i, m., a mt. of Arcadia, sacred to Jupiter and Pan. Lycaon, 6nis, myth. k. of Arcadia, changed to a wolf Lyceum, i, n., a gymnasium near Athens, Aristotle's school.

lychnis
lychnis, idis,
i,

mage.
machina,
ae, f.,

101
engine, staging.

UgJit-glving.

flychnus,

n., lamp, llght.

machinamentum, i, n.,
machiue, device. machinatio, onis,
f.,

instrument,

Lycia, dist. of S. W. Asia Minor. lyciscus, i, m., ivolf-dog. Lycius, a, um, of Lycia. Lycurgus, i, legislator of Sparta a myth. k. of Thrace. Lydus (ius), a, um, of Lydia, a dist. in W. Asia Minor; Etruscan.
;

machinator,

oris,

n.,

contrivance. engineer,

contriver, inventor.

machinor, i, contrive, scheme, plot. machio, onis, m., a mason.

macies, ei, f., leanness. macilentus, a, um, meagre. macis, idis, f., mace ( ?). macresco, crui, 3, grow lean.
macritiido,
inis, F., leanness.
f., slaying.

lympha, se, f., spring-water. lymphaticus, a, um, panic-stricken. lympho, I, to drive distracted. lynceus, a, um, sharp-siglited.
lynx, lyncis,
f.,

lynx.

mactatio, onis,

lyo, I, liquefy. f lyra, ae, F., lyre, lute. f lyricus, a, um, lyrical. Lysander, dri, a Spartan general who captured Athens,. b.c. 405. Lysimachus, a general of Alexander, aftervvards k. of Thrace. Lysippus, a sculptor of Sicyon.

macto, I, kill, sacrijice, requite. mactus, a, uih, honored, adored; macte, liail ! ivell done ! macula, ae, f., spot, stain. maculo, I, stain, speckle, pollute. maculosus, a, um, speckled, stained. madefacio, feci, fact-, 3, moisten. madens, tis, wet, marshy.

lytra=lutra,

otter.

madeo,
ivet,

ui, 2

-esco,

3,

he or get

moist, drenched, overflowing.

M.

M,

the praenomen

Marcus num.,
;

1,000.

madido, i, moisten. madidus, a, um, ivet, dyed, soaked. mador, oris, M., moisture. madulsa, ae, M., drunken. Maeander, dri, m., a river of
Maecenas,
a ivinding ivay or horder. atis, friend of Augustus, patron of Virgil and Horace. lonia
;

M', the prcTcnomen Manius.

maccus,

i,

M., huffoon, simpleton.

Macedones, um, as, Macedonians.

Macedonia,dist. N. E., of Greece, (Southern Turkey), made a

mceles=meles,

hadger.

Roman

prov. b.c. 148.

i,

Mselius, Sp., slain for treason by Cincinnatus, B.c. 436.

Macedonicus,
Macedonius,

surname of O.

CEecilius Metellus.
a,

um;

-iensis,
the

e,

maena, ae, F., herring ( ?). Maenades,priestesses of Bacchus. Maenalus, range of mountains in
Arcadia, sacred to Pan.

Macedonian. macellarius, a, um, of

M., victualler.

market

macellum, i, m., meat market. maceo, 2, be lean. macer, cra, um, lean.
maceria,
se, F., ivall, enclofiure.

Maeonia, a dist. of Lydia. Maeonides, ae, Homer. Maeonius, a, um, Mceonian, Lydian. Maeotis, idis (os), the Sea of Azof maerens, tis, sad, grieving. maereo, 2, grieve, mourn.
maeror, oris,
maestitia,
M., sadness.
se, f., grief.

macero, i, to steep, soften,fret, vex. macesco, 3, grow lean. f machaera, ae, f. -ium,i, n., sivord. Machaon, onis, myth. son of
;

maestus,
luckji,

a,

um,

sad, grieved, un-

gloomy, mourning.
N., huts, hooths.

^sculapius, a surgeon of the Greeks at Troy.

magaiia, um,

mage=magis,

more.

108
f \ f

magia
;

mando.
maledictus,
a,

magia, ae magicus,

-ice, es, f., magic.

um,

accursed ; n.,
-di-

a,

um,
;

magical.

curse, abusire speech.

magis (mage), more.

magis, idis -ida, ae, F., platter. magister, tri, m., master, leader,
director, chief, teacher.

maledicus,

a,

um (-dicentior,

-centissimus), abusice. malefacio, feci, fact-, 3, do mischief.

magisterium,
magistra, ae, magistratus,

i,

n., directofs offi.ce.

malefactor, oris,

M., evil-doer.

f., mistress.
iis,

malefactum,

i,

n., injury.

M., office, magis-

tracy, magistrate.

maleficium, i, N., mischief crime. maleficus, a, um, criminal, hurtful.

magnanimus,

a,

um,

great

or

/ilgh-hearted, brave.

malesuadus, a, um, ill-advising. malevolens, tis (-volus), spiteful.

malevolentia,
malifer, era,
ae, f., ill-will.

f magnes, etis, m., magnet. magnidicus, a, um, hoastful. magnifacio, 3, make much of. magnifice (-ficenter), splendidly.

um,

apple-bearing.

maligne, spitefully, grudgingly. malignitas, atis, F., malice, spite,

stinginess.

magnificentia,

ae,

f.,

grandeur,

splendor, hoastfulness. magnifico, i, esteem highly, praise,

malignus,
malitia,

a,

um,

malicious, nig-

gardly, barren.
ae, F., evil quality,

magnify.

malice.
crafty.

magnificus,
sple n did,

a,

um, grand,

hoastful,

sumptuous.

um, wicked, malivolus=malevolus.

malitiosus,
a,

magniloquentia, se, ., lofty strain. magniloquus, a, um, of lofty style.

malleolus,

i,

m., mallet, shoot (for

planting), fire-ball.

magnipendo, 3, rate highly. magnitudo, inis, F., greatness,

size,

malleus, f mallus,

i, i,

m.,

m., lock
i i i

hammer. of wool.

rank, dignify.

magnopere (magno
niuch, greatly.

opere),

veivj

choose ratli er, prefer. malo ( 37, malum, i, n., apple, pulpy fruit. malum, evil, misfortune.
.),

i,

magnus,
superl.

a,

um

(comp.

major,

magus,
cian
;

a,

maximus), great. um, magical; m., magi-

F., sorceress.

Maia, ae, myth. d. of Atlas, mother of Mercury one of the Pleiades.

;

malus, a, um (comp. pejor, superl. pessimus), bad. malus, i, f., apj)le-tree, mast, heam. malva, ee, f., mcdlow. Mam., the praenomen Mamercus.

Mamers,

tis,

Oscan

for Alars.

majalis,

i,

m., hog.
atis, f.,

Mamertini, a
grandeur, splen-

tribe of

N.E.

Sicily.

majestas,

dor, majesty.

major, us, oris (comp. of magnus), greater ; majores, ancestors.

Majus, a, um, month of May. majusculus, a, um, rather larger.

mala, ae, f., jaw, cheek. f malacia, ae, f., calm. malacus, a, um, soft, pliant.
f malagma,
atis, N., poultice.

udder. VLm, full-breasted. nianalis, e, flowing. manceps, ipis, m., pur chaser. hirer. Ixrivlsman, proprietor. manoipatio, onis, f., a transfer of properfy by purc.hase.
(-illa), ae, F., breasf,

mamma

mammosus,

a,

mancipium,

i,

n formal purchase,
,

possessio)i, chattel, slave.

male,

ill,

badty.

Malea, ae, f., S. point of Greece. maledicax, acis, f., slanderous. maledicens, tis, scurrilous. maledico, xi, ct-, 3, revile, slander.

mancipo, i, deliver as p7'operfy. mancus, a, um, maimed, infirm. mandator, oris, M., suborner. mandatus, iis, M. -um, i, N., order.
;

mando, mando,

i,

commit, command, give.

di,

sum,

3,

gnaw,

cheio.

mandra
f mandra,
ae, f., stall,

massa.
manus,
mapalia, um,
n., cottages.

109

manduco, i, manducus, i

herd. chew. -o, onis, m., glutton.

wait, stay,

iis, F., hand, trunk (of elephant), grappling-iron, hand (of troops), handiwork.

mane, iiwrmng, eaiiy. maneo, mansi, mans-,

cuntinue, abide,
iccdt

for.

mappa, se, f., napkin. Marathon, onis, a town

famous
for

in Attica,

Manes, ium,
parted
;

of the the lower world.

shades

de-

defeat of the Persians, b.c, 490.

;

the

mango,

onis, m., dealer. mani=mane, morning.

manicae, arum,
cujfs,

f.,

sleeves,

hand-

manacLes.

manicatus, icith long sleeves. manicula, ae, f., hand, handle.

manifestarius,
a,

um,

evident.

manifeste (o), clearly, pcdpably. manifesto, i, make puUic. manifestus, a, um, plain, proved. manipularis, e, of the maniple. manipulatim, hy handfuls.

marcens, tis, drooping, feehle. marceo, 2 -esco, 3, tvither, droop. marcidus, a, um, ivithered, feehle. marcor, oris, m., decay, faintness. marculus (-tulus), i, M,, hammer. mare, is, N., sea, esp. the Mediterranean; superum, the waters E., ancl inferum, W., of Italy. Mareota, ae, F., a lake of Egypt.
f

margarita,

ae, F.,

pearl.

manipulus

(-plus), i, m., handful; infantry company (of 200), maniple. mannus, i, m., draught-horse, pony. mano, i, trickle, drop, spread. mansio, onis, f., stay, continuance.

margino, i, enclose with horder. margo, inis, f., edge, horder, margin. marinus, a, um, of the sea. marisca, ae, f., a largefg.
maritalis,
e, nuptial.

mansito, i, ahide, dwell. mansue-facio, 3, mcd-e tame. mansuefactus, a, um, taiue, gentle.

a, um, of the sea. marito, i, to marry,give in marriage. maritus, a, um, matrimonial, wed-

maritimus,

ded, M., hushand, lover.

b.c. 157-86, conqueror of Jugurtha, and chief of the popular party in Rome. Marmaricus, a, um, of Marmarica, a dist. of N, Africa.

Marius, C,

mansuesco,

evi, et-, 3,

make or

grow tame. mansuetiido,

inis, f,, mildness.

mansuetus, a, um, mild, gentle. mansus, [mando,] chewed.

mantele,
is, n., towel,
i,

napkin.

mantelum,

n., cloak.
se, f.,

mantica(-ula),

travelling-hag.

marmor, oris, N., marhle. marmoreus, a, um, of marhle. marmoro, i, cover with marhle. Maro, onis, cognomen of Virgil.
marra,
ae, F., hoe,

manticulor, i, steal, act slyly. Mantinea, ee, f., a town in Arcadia, famous for the victory and death of Epaminondas, b.c. 362.

hook.

Mars,

tis,

the god of
e,

War.

manto, i, stay, ivait. Mantua, se, a tOwn of N. Italy. manualis, e -arius, a, um, held
;

in the

hand,for
i,

the

hand.

manubiae, arum,

f., hooty.

of Mars. Martius, a, um, of Mars, warlike; the month of March. purse. t marsiipium, i, N,, pouch, Marsus, a, um, of the Marsi, a people of interior Latium. Marsyas, ge, a Satyr, skilled on
Martialis,
the pipe, flayed by Apollo.

manubrium,
manulea,

n., handle.
;

ae, f.

-us,

i,

M., sleeve.

maniimissio, onis, F., emancipation, act of liheration. manii-mitto, 3, to set free.

martyr, yris, c, witness. martyr. mas, maris, g. pl. ium, male, manly.
f

masculus
massa,

(-inus),

a,

um,

male,

mascidine, manly.
ae, f., lumj),

manupretium,

i,

N.,

wages, value.

mass.

110

Massicus

medius.
maximus,
est ;

Massicus, i,

m., a mt. of Campania. Massilia, ae, f., a coast town in the S. E. of Gaul, Mca-seilles. Massyli, orum, a people of Africa. mastiche, es, f., gum-mastic. fmastigia, ae, m., scamp, rogue.

a,

um, [magnus,]

great-

natu, eldest. f mazononius, i, m., a dish. me (memet), acc. or abl. of ego, meabilis, e, passable.

maximus

/.

mastruca, ae, f., sheepskin. matara, ae, F., pike, javelin.

matella, ae
;

meacor, oris, m., passer-by. meatus, us, m., passage, course. f mechanicus, a, um, mechanical.

-io,

onis,

f., j)ot.

mecum,
Medea,
chis,

with me.

mateola, ee, f., mallet, heetle. mater, tris, f., mofher, nurse. materia, ae -es, ei, f., material,
;

med=me.
ae, myth. princess of Coldaughter of y^etes, wife of Jason, an enchantress. medela, ae, f., remedy. medens, tis, c, physician.

tiniber,

source, occasion, quality.

a,

materiarius,

um, of

tiniber

M.,

lumber-merchant.

materio, i, build of luood. materior, i, get timber. materis, is, f., pike.

medeor, 2, heal, relieve. Medi, orum, the people of Media.

mediastinus, i, m., helper, drudge. mediatenus, half-way. mediator, oris, m., mediator. medica, ae, f., a kind of clover. medicabilis, e, curaJ/ie.

maternus,
matertera,
f

a,

um,

motherly.

se, f.,

molher^s
a,

sister.

mathematicus,

um, mathemat-

ical; AL, niathematician, astrologer.

matralis, e, of a mother. mafcricida, se, c, matricide. matrimonium, i, n., marriage. matrimus, a, um, that has a motlier.

medicamen,

inis

-mentum,

i,

n.,

remedy, drug, dye. medicatus, a, um, drugged.

mediclnus,

a,

um, of
i,

healing

f.,

matrix,

icis, f., dani, source, loomb.

medicine, surgeon''^

ojjice.

ae, F., a married ivoman. matronalis, e, of a matron. matruelis, is, m., cousin. matta, ae, f., rush-mat.

matrona,

medico

(-cor),
a,

heal, cure.

um, of Media, a dist. of Asia, beyond the Tigris. medicus, a, um, healing ; M., phyMedicus,
sician, surgeon.

mattea
matula,

(-ya), ae, f., dainty.

ae, f., pot,

blockhead.

mature

(-ate), eai-ly, speedity.

medie, moderately, medietas, atis, F.,

f

tolerably.

matiiresco, rui, 3, grow ripe. maturitas, atis, f., ripeness,2)romptness, maturity.

medimnum
i, to

(us),

midst, haf. i, N., six pecks.

medio,

halve, divide.

maturo, i, ripen, hasten. maturus, a, um, ripe, ready,

matiitinus,
a,

early.

uni, of the morning.

mediocris, e, ordinary, middling. mediocritas, atis, F., haJf-rvay, medium, meanness, rnediocrity. Mediolanum, i, n., a city of N.
Italy,

Mauri, orum, the Moors, a people of N. Africa, near Spain. Mauritania, ae, the dist. of N. W.
Africa, Morocco.

Milan.

medioximus, a, um, midmost. meditamentum, i, n., planning.

meditatio, onis,
rii)i<i,

F., thinking,

plan-

Mausoleum,
Mavors,
maxilla,

the tomb of Mausolus, k. of Caria, built by

i,

n.,

preparafion.

his wife, Artemisia, b.c. 365.

tis,

Mavortius,

a,

name of Mars. um, of Mars.

jawbone.

ae, f.,

meditatus, a, um, well-weighed. mediterraneus, a, um, midiand N., mare, the Mediterranean. meditor, i. think, meditate, jjractise. medius, a, um, middle, midst of
haly-way,

maxime,

especially, very greatly.

mean ;

N., the middle.

medius fidius
mediusfidius, hy

mentior.
Memnon,
memor,
Tithonus.

m
memorahle. um, memorable.

my

faitli^

(me

deusFidius meduUa, ae, f..

meduUitus,

juvet).
pith^

onis, myth. king of Ethiopia, son of Aurora and

oris, mindful, reminding.
e,

to tlie

marrow. marrow.

Medusa,

the Gorgon with snaky hair, d. of Phorcus. Megaera, se, one of the Furies.
ae, F.,

memorabilis,

memorandus,

a,

Megalensia, um, games in honor of the Magna Mater (Cybele).

memoratus, iis, m., niention. memoria, ae, f., memory, remembrance.

Megara, ae (orum), city or dist. between Athens and Corinth. mehercule, by Hercules
mel, mellis,
n., lioney.
i,

memoriter, by heart,from memory.

memoro, i, to mention, recount. Memphis, is (idos), old capital of

Egypt, 14 miles S. of Cairo.

melculum,
f

n., sweeiheart.

mena=maena,
Menander,
menda,
j

herring

{?).

of melos, sony. Meleager, gri, son of CEneus and Akha;a, who perished by the burning of a brand on which his hfe depended. meles, is, f., hadyer, marten. Melicerta (as), ae, myth. son of Athamas and Ino, whowith his

mele,

pl.

a Greek comic poet, B.c. 342-292.

dri,
se, f., fault, defect.
a,

mendaciloquus,

um,

fcdse.

mendacium,

i,

^.,falsehood.
lying, false.

niendax, acis,

mother became a sea-divinity. melicus, a, um, tuneful. f melimela, orum, n., honey-apples. melinus, a, um, of the hadyer. melinus, a, um, of quinces. melinus, a, um, ofhoney ; f,, mead. melior, us, (comp. of bonus,) helter; adv. melius. Melita, ae -te, es, Malta, an island south of Sicily. Melitensis, e, Maltese. melitinus, a, um, ofhoney. meliusculus, a, um, ratlier hetter. melleus (-arius), a, um, ofhoney.
;

meiidicabulum, i, n., beggar. mendicatio, onis, f., begging. mendice, meanly, beggarly.
mendicitas,
atis, F., beggary.
i, to

mendico

(-cor),

heg alms.
m.,

mendicula, mendicus,
a beggar.

ae, f., beggar''^ rags.

a,

um,

beggarly ;

mendose, faultily, fcdsely. mendosus, a, um, faulty, false.

mendum,
brother

i,

N.^fault, blemish.
i,

Menelaus,

j-

myth. k. of Sparta, of Agamemnon, and husband of Helen. fmenis, idis, f. crescent (ornament). mens, mentis, F., mind, heart.

mellifer, era, um, honey-bearing. mellifico, i, maL:e honey.

melligo, inis,
mellilla,
ae,

F., hee-glue,

sap.

mensa, ae, f., tahle. mensarius, i, m., banker, broker. mensio, onis, F., measure.
mensis,
is,

mellitus f melodia, ae, F., melody. mele, song. f melos, i, n. pl.

;

sweetness, delight. (-ulus), a, um, honey-sweet.

mensor,

m., month. oris, m., measurer.

e,

menstrualis,
of

every month.

Melpomene,
tragic

es, f., the

muse

and

lyric Poetry.

membrana, ae, f., mernhrane. membratim, (imh hy limb.

menstruus, a, um, monthly. mensula, ae, f., little tahle. mensura, ae, f., measure. mensus, [metior,] measured.

menta

(-tha), ae, F., mint.

membrum,

i,

N., limh,part, j^ortion.

memet, myself (3.cc).

memini, imp. memento
( 38, i.), rememher, mention, hear in mind.

mentiens, tis, lying,false. mentigo, inis, f., scab, scurf. mentio, onis, F., a calling to mind. mentior, itus, 4, to speakfalsely.

U2
mentitus,
a,

mentitus

migratio.
merula,
ae, f.,
i,

um,

counterfeit.

blackhird.

mento, onis,

m,, long-chm.

merum,
[fmeso-,

mentum,
mephitis,

i,

n., chin, beard, cornice.

meo, I, (/o, pass,/requent. meopte, )ny oitm (abl).

is, f., evil

merus, a, merx, cis,

u)imixed wine. um, pure, unmixed, hare.

n.,
f., ))ierchandise.

in the niiddle.

vapor.

Mesopotamia

{between the rivers),

mepte, viijself (acc). meracus, a, um, p^ure, unmixed.

mercabilis,
e,

a district between the Tigris

purchasable.
m.,

mercator,

oris,

a dealer, mer-

and Euphrates. Messana, se, f., Messina, in Sicily. Messene, es, capital city of Messenia, the

chanf, purcliaser.

S.-W.

dist.

of Greece.

mercatiira, ae, F.; -catus, us, m., trcule, commerce, icares.

messis,

is, f.,

reaping, ha)'vest, crop.

mercedonius, a, um, ofivages. mercedula, ee, f., smcdl pay. mercenarius, a, um, hired, hireling. merces, edis, f., pay, wages, hribe,
price, cost, revenue.

messor, oris, m., reajjer. messorius, a, um, ofa reaper. messus, [meto,] reaped, harvested.
[-met,
6'e//'(intens.).
ae, F.,

meta,

goal, limit,lurning-post.

merces,

pl.

of

merx,

goods.

mercimonium, i, n.,

s/oc/jof goocls.

metalis, e, conical. metallicus, a, um, mines : M., miner.

f

of metal or

mercor, i, io trade, buy, purchase. Mercurius, s. of Jupiterand Maia, god of Trade, Eloquence, &c. merda, ae, f., dung. mere, purely, truly. merenda, se, f., lunch. merens, tis, dcscrving. mereo, ui; -eor, itus, 2, deserve,
ivin,

metallum, i, n., metcd, mine. metamorphosis, is (gen.

-eon),
F., tra)isJbi'mation.

plur.,

metator, oris, m., fxer of hounds. Metaurus, i, m., a river in Umbria, famous for the defeat of
Hasdrubal,
B.c. 207.

metaxa,
f

se, f.,

raw
i,

silk.

earn, j)urchase, serve.

meretricius, a, um, ofharlots. meretrix, icis, f., harlot. mergae, arum, f., pitchfork. merges, itis, f., sheaf

methodium, f methodus,
travcrse.

n.,

jest.

i,

f.,

way, method.

meticulosus, a, um, timid,fearful. metior, mensus, 4, to measure,

mergo, si, sum, 3, dip, plunge, sink. mergus, i, m., diver (sea-bird). meridianus, a, um, of noo)i, southSouth. meridies, ei, m., noon, south. meridio (-or), i, take a noon nap. merito, deservedly. merito, i, to earn, gain.
;

meto, messui, mess-,

3,

to

reap,
out,

ern

N., the

pluck, gather, cut doioi. meto (-or), i, measure, lay traverse, ercct, set up.
t
f

metreta, ae, f., measure (9 gall). metricus, a, um, ofmetre. f metropolis, is, F., mother-city.
f

metrum,

i,

n.,

measure, metre.

meritorius,
hirc
;

a,

um, of

earni)ig, for

N., pl., hi)'ed rooms.

n., desoi, reivai'd, merit,

meritum, i,
meritus,
a,

metuo, i, ut-, 3, to fear, dread. metus, iis, m., fear, dread. meus, a, um (voc. M., mi), my.
to mc, [ego,]; my. mica, ee, f., crumb, g)'ain. micans, tis, sparkling. mico, ui, I, to beat, guive)', tioinkle. Midas, ce, myth. k. of Phrygia, who tiirned all he touched to gold. migratio, onis, f., removal, transfer.

value, imj)ortance.

mi, for niihi,

um,

deso-ving, due.

Mero, onis, m., ivhie-hibber (Nero). merobibus, a, um, inte)))perate. merops, opis, f., hee-eater.

merso

(-ito), i, dip,

plunge, drown.
droioned.

mersus, {jaxex^o^^lplunged,

migro
migro,
I,

miseriter.
Minos,
;

U3

remove, migrate, depart.

mile^mille, a thousand.
miles, itis, M,, soldier (infantry). Milesius, a, um, of Miletus, a port

milia

in Caria, S. W. Asia Minor. (pl. of mille), thousands.

ois, myth. k. of Crete, son of Jupiter and Europa his gr.son, buikler of the labyrinth. Minotaurus, Minotaur, a monster of Crete, half man, half bull. Minous (-oius), a, um, oj Minos,

miliarius, a, um, of millet. militaris, e, of soldiers, soldierly. militarius, a, um, miUtarij.

militia, milito,
ee, F., militar// service, loar.
I
,

Cretan.

Minturnae, arum,
soutliern Latium.

f.,

a city of
least.

minumus=minimus,

serve as soldier.
n., millet.

milium,

i,

mille (mile), thousand; mille passuum (looo paces), a mile. milleni, ae, a (distrib.), &// thousands. millesimus, a, um, thousandth. miliarius, a, um, containing a thousand : N., milestone. millies (milies), a thousand times. Miltiades, is, Athenian com-

minuo, i, iit, 3, lessen, diminish. minus, [parum,] less. minusculus, a, um, quite smcdl.
minutal, alis, n., mince-meat. miniitatim, bit by bit.
miniite, minulely. miniitim, in bits.

minutus
;

(-ulus), a,

um, small, petty.

Minyae, arum, a people of Thessaly the companions of Jason.

mirabilis,
e,

mander

at

Marathon,

B.c. 490.

marvellous, ivonderful.

miltos, i, F., red-lead, cinnabar. milvius, a, um, ofthe lcite, ravenous. milvus, i, M., kite, hawk. mimicus, a, um, ofmimes or farces. mimus, i, m -a, ee, F., mimic actor. min (mihine), for me ? weight (100 f mina, ae, F., a Greek drachmas), or coin ($18).
;

mirabundus, a, um, astonished. miraculum, i, n., marvel, miracle. mirandus, a, um, culmirable.
mirator, oris,
M., adtnirer.

mire

(mirifice), wonderfully.
a,

mirificus,

um,

admirable.

mina,

ee, f.,

smooth.

mirmillo, onis, m., hind ofgladiator. miror, (-0), \,to ivonder, admire. mirus, a, um, wonderful, strange.

minee, arum, F., threats. minanter, tJireateningly. minatio, onis, F., threateniny.

miscellus (-aneus), a, um, mixed. misceo, cui, mist- (mixt-), 2, mix, mingle, blend, compound.
a, um, wretched, unhappy. Misenum, apromont. near Naples. miser, era, um, ivretched.

minax, acis, th7^eatening,projecting. Mincius, i, a river in N. Italy. Minerva, ae, goddess of Arms and
Skill, also called Pallas.

miselius,

miserabiliter p itiably.
,

minime, by no means. minimus, a, um, [parvus,]

miserandus,
least.

deplorable.
ivretchedly,

miseranter,

pitiably.

minio, i, to paint red. minister, tra, um, serving, helping. minister, tri, m., accomplice, helper. ministerium, i, N., service, attendance, ad)ninistration.

misere

(-iter),

desper-

ately, lamentably.

miserabilis, e, pitioble, sad, pitiful. miseratio, onis, f., compassion.

misereo,

ui, it-;

misereor, erithave mercy.

stirs jnty.

ministra, se, f., female attendant. ministrator, oris, M., attendant. ministro, i, attend, serve, furnish. minitor (-to), i, threaten, menace. minium, i, N., cinnahar, red lead. minor, us, [parvus,] less.

(ert-), 2, to pity,

miseresco, 3, feel pity. miseret (miseretur), it

minor,

i,

threaten, jut out.

miseria, se, f., misery, distress. misericordia, ae, f., mercy, misery. misericors, dis, merciful. miseriter, lamentably.

114

miseror

molitus.
modestia,
ae, F.,

miseror, i, lament, deplore, pity. miserulus. a, um, unhappy. missicius, a, um, disdiarged. missiculo, i [mitto,] keep sending. missilis, e, fhat imiy be thrown ; N.,
,

moderation, modcalm, moderate,

esty, sobriety, discretion.

modestus,
modiaiis,

a,

um,

kind, friendly, modest.

e,

holding a peck.

a missile iceapon missio, onis, f.,

pl. gifts.

letting-go,

dis-

modice, moderately, meanly. modicus, a, um, moderate, scanty.

modificor,
i, set
i,

charge, throwing, hurling.

hounds, measure.
sextarii).
. . .

missito,

I,

freq.

of mitto, send.

missor, oris, m., sender, shooter. missus, [mitto,] sent. missus, iis, m., sending, course.
misticius. a, um, mongrel. mistim (mixtim), mixedly. mistio, onis -iira, ae, F;, mingling. mistus, a, um, [misceo,] mixed. f misy, yos, f., truffie, copperas. mite, gently, [mitis]. mitella, ae, f., [mitra,] turhan.
;

modiolus, modius, i,

M., hucket, axle-hox.

m.,

a peck (16
.
.

modo, only, Just now ; modo again. modo, now modulamen, inis, n., melody.
.

modulate, rhythmiccdly. modulatio, onis, F., measure,

ody, rhythm.

mel-

modulator, modulatus, modulor, i,

oris, m., director.

a,

mitesco, 3, grow mellow, gentle. Mithras, ae, the Persian Sun-god. Mithridates, king of Pontus, conquerecl by Pompey, b.c. 63.
i, make mild or mellow. mitigatio, onis, f., soothing. mitigo, I, soothe, appease, fertilize.

mitifico,

regulated, sung. measure, regulate or beat time (in music or dance). modulus, i, m., measure, melody. modus, i, M., measure, limit, manner ; ejusmodi, of that sort. f moechus, i, m. -a, se, f., adulterer,
to
;

um.

adulteress.

mitis,

e,

mild, gentle,fruitful.

f mitra, ae, head-hand, turban. mitto, misi, miss-, 3, send, let go,
yield, launch, throw, hurl.

moenera, um, n. [munus,] offices. moenia, ium, N., ivalls, buitdings. moenio, 4=munio, fortify.
;

mcereo=maereo, grieve. Moesi, orum, people of Mcesia,

the dist. of the lower Danube.

Mitylene, es, f., a city of Lesbos. mixtus, [misceo,] mixed. f mna=mina, an Attic coin.

moBstus=m8estus,
mola,
ae,

sad.

Mnemosyne,
mobilis,
e,

es, f.,

Meynory, the

mUi; grain or meal, coarsely ground, salted, and

f.,

mother of the Muses.

movahle, nimble, rapid,
atis,
F.,

cast on the victim in sacrifice.

molaris,

e,

of a

mill

m.,

mill-

pliant, inconstant.

stone, jaw-tooth.

mobilitas,

movableness,

quickness, inconstancy. mobiliter, with swift motion.

molarius, a, um, of a miU. moles, is, f., mass,pier, hurden, toil. moleste, vith dijfciilty or vexation.
molestia,
ae, f.,

m5bilito,

i, to

make

quick.

vexation, trouhle.

moderamen, inis,

n.,

management,

government, helm.

moderanter, with moderation. moderatio, onis, F., moderation,

regularity, guidance, government.

molesto, I, to trouhle, annoy. molestus, a, um, irksome, vexatious. molimen, inis -mentum, i, N., an
;

ejfort, cxertion,

molior,

4, toil

moderator, moderatus,

oris, m.
a,

-trix, tricis,

F., dirrctor, controller.

um,

tvithin

hounds.

moderor
modeste,

(-0), i, regulate, control.

moderately, modestly.

do by ejfort, molitio, onis, f., laborious doing. molitor, oris, m., aufhor, contriver. molitus, a, um, [molo,] ground. molitus, a, um, [molior,] toiling.

undertaking. upon, struggle, ivield, endeavor.

moUesco
moUesco,
3,

mortalis.
monstrum, i,
igy,

115
n.,

molliculus

groiv soft, effembiiate. (-cellus), a, um, soft,

an evil omen,prod-

monster.
(-osus), a,

voluptuous, deiicate.

monstruosus
like

moUio, 4, make soft orsupple, lighten.

mollis,
e, soft, mild, gentle, delicate.

um, of or

moUiter, moUitia,

softly, calmlg.

a monster, strange. montanus, a, um, mountcdnous. monticola, ae, c, mountaineer.

ae; -tiido, inis, f., softsoft.

montivagus,
hills.

a,

um, roaming
a,

the

ness,jlexlbilitg, suppleness,pliancy.

mollitus, [moUio,]

montosus

(-uosus),
i,

um,

inoun-

moUuscus,

a,

um,

soft-shelled.

tainous, full ofmountains.

molo, ui, it-, 3, grind. f moloche, es, f., inallows. molochinarius, i, m., dyer in green. Molossi, orum, people of eastern
Epirus.

monumentum,
Mopsopius,
a,

n.,

memorial,

um, of Attica.

mora, ae, f., delay, hindrance. f mora, ae, f., division, hattaiion.
moralis,
e,

of character, moral.
ch aracteristicaliy.

molossus,
f
lead.

i,

molybdus,

M., hound, mastiff. i, m. ; -dis, idis, f.,

m.,
i,

mor aliter,

momen, inis, momentum,

moment,

movement,

tveight.

n., halance, particle,

morate, iingeringly. morator, oris, m., delayer. moratus, [moror,] deicujed. moratus, a, um, of character.

iceight.

morbidus
morbus,
i,

(-osus), a,

um,

diseased.

Mona,
f

the Isle of Man, also, Anglesea, in the Irish Sea.

ae, f.,

m., diseuse,

malady.

monachus, i, m., monk. f monas, adis, f., unitT/. monedula, ge, f., jackdaw. moneo, ui, -itum, 2, to icarn,
struct,

mordacitas, mordaciter,

atis, F,, sharpness,

hitingiy.

mordax, acis, hiting, stinging. mordeo, momordi, mors-, 2,

insting, eat,

hitej

devour.
(-citus), ivith hites.
a,

remind, ctdmonish.

mordicus
mordicus,

Moneta, ee, a name of Juno. moneta, ae, f., coin, mint.

monile,
is, n.,

um,
m.,

snappish.

\m.oxe, Jooiishiy.

necklace.

mores,um,pl.,

[mos,] cAarac^er.

monimentum=monumentum.
monitio, onis, F., admonition. monitor, oiis, m., rememhrancer,
admonisher, overseer.

moretum, i, N., saiad of garhc. moribundus, a, um, dying.

morigeratio, onis,
f.,

compliance.

morigeror
morigerus,
f

(-0), i, gralify, coniply.

monitum,

i, n. ; -tus, iis, M., admonition, warning, prophecy.

a,

um,

ohsequious.

monitus, [moneo,] advised, warned. [f mono-, onhi, one.

f
f

monio, onis, m., a hiockhead. f morion, i, N., nightshade. morior, mortuus, moriturus,
to die, wither, vanish.

3,

monoceros,

otis, m., unicorn.

monochromos,
;

on, of one color.

Moncecus, i, a name of Hercules arx Monoeci, a promontory of Liguria.

f f

moror, i, deiay, care for. morose, peevishly, anxiously.

morositas,

morosus,

a,

atis, F., fretfuiness. um, peevish, morose.

monogrammus, m., outline. monopodium, stand (table).

i,

mons, montis,

m.,

mountain.

ei(eos),goclof Dreams. mors, mortis, F., death, a corpse. morsico, i, hite with the lips.

Morpheus,

monstratio, onis, f., showing. monstrator, oris, m., he thatshoivs. monstratus, a, um, conspicuous.

morsum,

i,

N.,

hit,

piece.
hite.

morsus, [mordeo,] hitten. morsus, us, m., hiting, catch,

mortalis,
e,

monstro,

i,

shoiv, inform, appoint.

mortal, perishahle.

116
mortalitas, atis,

mortalitas
f., morlality.

municipium.
mulleus (calceus),
i,

m.,

red shoe.

mortarium,
morticinus,

i,

N., mortar, troiujh.

muUus
.,

(-ulus),

i,

m., mullet.

a,

mortifer, era,

um, dead (carrion). um, deadhj.

mulsus, [mulceo,] sweet as honey ;

sweetheart
;

n.,

mead.

mortualia, n. pl., dirges. mortuarius, a, um, of tlie dead.

mortuus, [morior,] dead; M., corpse. morulus, a, um, dark-colored.

mulsus, [mulgeo,] milked. multa, ae, ., penalty,fine. multaticus (-cius), a, um,

offines.

fmorum,
f

i,

N.,

mulhernj.

morus, i, f., mulberru-tree. f morus, a, um,foolis/i. mos, moris, m., manner, custom;
pL, character,
;

multatio, onis, F.,fining. multicius, a, um, delicate, splendid. multifariam (-rie), on many sides,
variously.

qualiti/,

conduct.

motio, onis, f. molion, eniotion. moto, I, [moveo,] keep in motion. motor, oris, M-, mover. motus, [moveo,] moved, excited.

multifarius, a, um, manifold. multifidus, a, um, ivith many clefls. multiformis, e, many-shaped.

multijugus, a, um, many, manifold. multiloquax, acis, loquacious.

multimodis,
multiplex,
parts.

in

motus,

iis,

m.,

movement, emotion,

icis,

many loays. of many folds or

deparlare, tumult, change.

movens, tis, movahle. moveo, movi, mot-,

turb, set in motion,
p.

2,

move, disbegin

excite,

move. mox, presenfh/, soon after. muceo, 2 -cesco, 3, get musty. miicidus, a, um, mouldy, musty.
to
;

(neut),

multipliciter, in many loays. multiplico, I, multiply. multipotens, tis, very powerful. multitiido, inis, f., multitude, crowd. multo (mulcto), i, punish. multo, hy much (w. comparative). multum, much.

muc5sus,

a,

uni,

slimi/.

multus,

a,

um

(plus, plurimus),
;

miicor, oris, m., m.ould. miicro, onis, m., edge, /loint, hlade. miicus, i, m., [niungo,] mucus.
miigil,
ilis, m., mullel.
i,

mnch,frequent, diffuse mulus, i, M., mule.

pl.,

many.

miiginor,

dalUj, trifie, delay.

mugio, 4, hellow, mugitus, lis, m.,

miila,
ae,

hray.
bellowing, roaring.

L. (Achaicus), the i, captor of Corinth, b.c, 146. Munda, ee, f., a city of S. Spain, taken by Caesar, B.c. 45.

Mummius,

dat. pL, -abus, f., mule.

mundanus, a, um, of munde, (-iter), neatly.

munditia,
;

the loorld.

mulceo, si, sum, 2, stroke, soothe. Mulciber, eris (eri), Vulcan. mulco, I, to maul, handle roughly,

es, ei, f., cleanness, ae elegance, terseness.

mulcta=multa,
mulctra,
ae, f.
;

penalty.

-trum (-trarium,) i,
(ct-), 2, to milk.

mundo, i, cleanse. mundus, (-ulus), a, um, clean, neat. mundus, i, M., decoration, implemenf, the loorld, or universe.

N., milk-pail.

mulgeo,
ish.

si

sum
e,

miinerarius,

a,

um, of j)ublic shows

muliebris,

of a woman, woman-

of gladiators.

loonianly, effeminate.

miinero,

i,

bestow, present.

muliebriter, effeminately. mulier, eris f., ivoman, wife. muliercula, ae, f., iiftle woman.

mungo,

3,

hlow the nose.

N., offices, duties.

miinia, ium,

miiaiceps, cipis, c,

citizen

of a

mulierosus (-brosus),
of fvomen. miilimus, a,

a,

um,fond

free to/vn^ fellow-townsman. municipalis, e, of a free town.

um, of a mule. miilio, onis, m., mule-driver.

miiaicipium,
ing a

i,

N.,

a free

city

hav-

Roman

citizenship.

muiiifex

Mysus.
mussito,
,

117
be silent,

munifex,

icis, on duty. munifice, liheralli/. munificentia, ae, F., munijicence.

I,

murmur.
n.,

musso, I murmur, ponder. -um, i, mustaceus, i, m.

;

miinificus,

a,

um,

munificent;
i,

cake sweetened with must.

bountifiU, on dut//.

miinimen, inis; -mentum,

n.,

munio,
miinis,

defence, fortijicaiion. huild. 4, fortifij, defend,

e,

mustela (-tella), se, f., iveasel. musteus, a, um, of new loine. mustus, a, um, young, newfresh; N.,
must (fresh grape-juice). miitabilis, e, changeahle, mutahle. miitatio, onis, F., change, altering. miitator, oris, M., exchanger. mutilo, I, to dock, lop, mutilate.

of

service, ohliging.

munitio, onis, F.,fo7'tification. munito, i,fortifij, huild.

miinitor, oris, M., engineer.
mxinitiira,
ae, F.,

protection.
safe.

mutilus
docked.
exhibi-

(-cus),
ee, F.,

a,

um,
in

mutilaied,

munitus,

a,

um, fortified,
favor.

munus,

eris, N.,

offi.ce, gift,

Mutina,

Modena,

tion, service,

mtitio (muttio),

4, mutter,

N. Italy. murmur.

miiraBna, se, f., lamprey (sea-eel). muralis, e, of city-walls.

miititio, onis, f., muitering. miitito, I, inierchange.

murcus. i, m., poltroon. murex, icis, F., purple-fisVi, purple

muria, ae, f., muricidus, i,
dye, crow's fooi (iron points). brine, pickle.
M.,

muto,

coward.
mice.

murinus,

a,

um, of

murmur, uris, N., murniur, roar. murmuro, i, to murmur, grumble. murrheus (-inus), a, um, of murrha, a costly stone. murrius, a, um, ofmyrrh.

I, [moveo,] alter, change, exchange, interchange, damage. miituatio, onis, f., borrowing. miitue (-6, -iter), mutucdly. mutiuito (-or), i, seek to borrow. miituor, i, to borrow. miitus, a, um, dumb, mute, silent. miituus, a, um, horrowed, mutucd. Mycale, es, f., a city of lonia.

Mycenaeus,

a,

um, of Mycence,

murta=myrtus,

myrtle.

murus, i, m., loall, emhanhnent. mus, miiris, c, mouse. j-musa, se, f., muse (goddess of art and song), song, wii, science. MiisaBus, i, a Greek bard of the
mythic time. fmysticus, a, um, ofmysieries.

the ancient capital o"f Argolis. Mydonius, a, um, Phrygian. fmyoparo, onis, m., a piratical
vessel.

myrica (ce), ae, f., tamarisk, shrub. Myrmidones, um, a people of

Thessaly, subjects of Achilles.
f
f

myron

(-um),

i,

n., ointment.

musca

(-ula), ae, f.,///.

a,

myropola, ce, N., perfumer. myrrh. f myrrha, ae, f.,

f

muscarius,

um,

offiies; ^.,fly-

myrrheus

(-atus, -inus,) a,
a,

um,
with

brush, closei.

qfmyrrh, spiced.

muscipula,

mouse-trap. um, mossy. musculus, i, M., liiile mouse, muscle. muscus, i, M., moss. um, ofthe Muses, poetf miiseus, a, ic : N., museum, seatof the Muses. musica, ae (-e, es), f., music.
se, f.,

myrtatus,
ding.

um, seasoned
;

muscosus

(-cidus), a,

myrtle-berries

N.,

a kind of pud-

myrtetum, i, N., myrile-grove. myrteus (-inus), a, um, ofmyrtles. Myrtous, a, um, Myrioan^ of the
western ^Egean.
f

jmiisice, splendidly.

myrtum,
myrtus,
the N.

i,

n., myrile-berry.

jmusicus,

musical, poetic or scientific ; M., musician. musivus, a, um, mosaic.

a,

um,

i (iis), f.,

myrtle.

Mysus

(-ius),

a,

um, of Mysia,
of Asia Minor.

W.

dist.

118
f
f

mytsa
ee, m., priest

naumacMa.
Nasamones, um, a people
of N.

mysta (-tes),
teries

ofmysa

or secret rites.
i,

mystagogus,

m., jnystagogue,

guide to sacred places.

Africa, eastward of Carthage. nascens, tis, arising, heginning N. pl., growing things.

fmysterium, N.,secTet rite,mystery. f mythicus, a, um, of fahles. f mythos, i, m., a fable, myth.
f

nascor, natus,
arise, hegin,

3,

he horn, ascend,

myxus

(os),

i,

m., wick-tuhe.

grow, spring forth. Nasica, ae (high-nose), P. Scipio, consul, B.c. 191 his gr.-son (slayer of Gracchus), b.c. 138.
;

N.
N, the praenomen Numerius. Nabathaeus, a, um, of Nabathcea, a district of N. Arabia. f nacca, ae, m., afuller.
nactus, [nanciscor,] having got. nae (ne,) surely, really, indeed.

nasiterna, se, f., watering-pot. Naso, onis {hig-nose), the family name of Ovid.

nassa (-xa), nasturtium,

nasus,
i,

ae, Y.,fish-hasket, net.

i,

n.,

a kind of

C7'ess.

m., nose, handle, sarcasm.

a,

nasiitus,

um,

large-nosed, saga-

cious, sarcastic.

naenia=nenia, dirge. Nsenius, an old Roman poet,

273-203,

nata, ae, F., [nascor,] daughter. natalicius, a, um, of oneh hirth-

B.c.

day;'M., hirthday ;

N., gift ; pl.,

who served

in the first

Punic War, and wrote its epic. naevus, i, m., mole (birth-mark). naias (nais), adis, f., river-nymph. nam, namque, for ( 43, 4). nana, ae, f., dwarf nanciscor, nactus, 3, get,frnd, meet. nans, nantis, [no,] swimming. nanus, i, m., dicarf, nag, pan. f napaeus, a, um, of the dell.
f naphtha, ae, F., naphtha. napus, i, m., turnip. f napy, yos, n., mustard. Nar, Naris, m., a river of Umbria. Narbo, onis, m., Narbonne, a city of S. W. Gaul (Narbonensis). Narcissus, i, a beautiful youth,

hirthday feast. natalis, e, of o?ie^s hirth ; m., birthday ; pk lineage, origin; N., birth-

hour ; pl., hirth-right. natantes, ia, \jidito, '^fishes.

natatio,
onis, sioimming.
f.
;

-tus,

us,

m.,

natator, oris, m., swimmer. natinor, i, to he husy. natio, onis, F., hirth, race, nation. natis, is, f., rump. nativus, a, um, hy birth, native,
innate, naturcd.

nato, I, to sicim,float, overflow. natrix, icis, f., icater-snake, scourge.

natiira, ae, f., hirth, nature. natiiralis, e, hy hirth, natural. natiiraliter, according to nature. natus, a, um, horn, constituted, (w. acc. of time), old; m., son. natus, iis, m., bir^th, growth. m., shipmaster. f nauclerus, i,

changed

to a flower.

nardinvis, a, spiced wine.

f nardus, i, narinosus,
m.,
a,

um, of nard;
nard (aromatic).
fat-nosed.
pl.,

N.,

um,

naris,

is, f., nostril ;

nose,

naucum

(us),
i,

i,

N.,

trifle.

narratio, onis, f., narrative. narrator, oris, M., relator. narratus, lis, m., tale, narration. narro, i, io tell, relate, report. narthex, ecis, f., the shruhfennel.

naufragium,

n.,

shipwreck, wreck,

storm, ruin, destruction.

naufrago, i, sufier ivreck. naufragus, a, um, wrecked, ruined,

dangerous, causing wreck.
f nauiia, f

narus, gnarus, skiUed. Narycius, a, um, of Nai-yx, Locrian city.

orum, n., lute. naulum, i, N., passage-money. f naumachia, ee, F., sea-fight.

Naupactus
i, m., a coast-town of ^tolia. ITaupliades, is, Palamedes, son of Nauplias, myth. k. of Euboea.

negotior.
necessitudo,
need ;
]A.,

119

Maupactus,

necessitas, atis, f., necessity, need, friendsh ip, relationship.

inis, f., intimacy, friends, relatives.

[nausea,

ee, F., sea-slckiies.s.

necessum,
necne, or

inevitable.

lauseo, I, be sea-sick, qualmish. lauseola, ae, f., qualm. iiauseosus, a, um, sickening. iiauta=navita, sailor.
f

not.
also.
(ct-), i, to kill.

necnon,

neco, cavi, cat-

n.iutea,
sailors,

ae, f.,

nausea. hilgewater.

fnauticus,
navalis,
e,

a,

um, of

ships;

pl.,

seamen.

necopinans, tis, unaware. necopinato, unexpectedly. necopinatus, a, um, unexpected. necopinus, a, um, unsuspecting,
unlooked for.
f necromantia,
ae,

n., port, dockharhor, vicjging. f navarchus, i, m., ship\s captain.

of ships ;

yard ;

pl.,

F.,

evoking the

dead, necromancy.
f nectar, aris, n., nectar,

nave,
navia,

diligenthj.
se, f., ship,

drink of
deli-

trough.

the gods.

navicula

navicularius,

(-cella), se, f., hoat, skiff. a, um, of boals ; m.,

nectareus,
cious
;

a,

um, of

nectar,

F.,

a fragrant plant.

skipper ; ., boai-hiring or agency. navifragus, a, um, causing wreck. navigabilis, e, navigahle. navigatio, onis, f., sailing. naviger, a, um, ship-bearing.

necto, xi (xui),

xum,

3,

to hind,

clasp, fasten, tveave, devise.

nectus==necatus, [neco,] slain. necubi, lest anywhere. necunde, lest }'rom any place.

navigium,
navigo,

i,

n., vessel, ship, raft.

nedum, much
nefandus,
a,

less, 7iot to

say.

i, to sail,

navis, is, em navita, (nauta), ee, sailor, hoatman. navitas, atis, F., promptiiess. naviter, diligently, pt^omptly, fidly. navo, I, do zealously, accomplish.

navigate. (im), f., ship.

navus,

a,
i,

um, p)rompt,
F.,

diUgent.

Naxos,

an island

in

the
. . .

impious, ahominable. nefarie, impiously, ivickedly. nefarius, a, um, execrable, ahominable ; n., a heinous crime. nefas, n. wrong, crime, harm, wretch. nefastus, a, nra., impious, inauspicious; dies, a day when no court
[for,]

um,

r*Egean Sea. ne, lest ; (w. imperat.) not ; quidem, not even.

ne

ne

for nae, surely.

ne, interrog. part. ( 71), lohether. Neapolis, is, f., Naples, in Campania, 120 miles S. E. of Rome. f nebris, idis, ., fawn-skin. nebula, se, f., mist, vapor, cloud. nebulo, onis, n., icorthless fellow. nebulosus, a, um, cloudy, inisty.

business coukl be done. nefrens, dis, toolhless. negatio, onis, F., denial, refusal. negito, I, persist in denying. neglecte, (-tim), negligently. neglectus, [negligo,] slighted. neglectus, iis, m., neglect. negligens, tis, negligent, heedless. negligenter, heedlessly. negligentia, ae, f., neglect. negligo, exi, ect-, 3, to neglect,
slight, despise,

nec=neque,
necdum, and
necessario

nor,

and

not.

necatus, [neco,]
(e),

slain.

nego,

I, to

disregard. deny, refuse, hinder.

e,

not yet.
necessarily.

negotialis,

of

business.

necessarius, a, um, necessary,kindred ; M.,friend, relative.

necesse

(neut.), necessary.

a dealer. negotiatio, onis, f., wholesale trade. negotiator, oris, m., agent, trader. negotior, i, to deal, traffic.

negotians,

tis, m.,

120

negotiosus

nigrans.
Nerva, successor
A.D. 96-98. nerviae, arum,

negotiosus, a, um,fuU ofbusiness. negotium, [6tium,j i, n., buainess, trouble, dijjiculty, a thing. Neleus, ei, myth. k. of Pylos, son of Neptune, father of Nestor. Nemea, ae, f., a town of Argohs. iiemen, inis -ma, atis, n., thread, Nemesis, is (ios), the goddess of
;

of

Domitian,
chords.

f., strings,

Nervii, orum, a Belgian tribe.

Justice, or Retribution.

nervose, energetically. nervosus, a, um, sineicy, vigorous. nervus, i, m., sinew, string, thong, bow-string, vigor, force, a prison. nesciens, tis, ignorant, unskilled.
nescienter, ignorantly. nescio, 4, be ignorant or unskilled. nescius, a, um, ignorant, unable,

nemo

(T. 5), c, [ne homo,] no one. nemoralis (ensis), e, of the grove. nemorosus, a, um, icoody, leafy,

nempe, surely, ichy ! nemus, oris, N., icood,

grove, tree.

nenia, ae, f., icail, dirge, song. neo, nevi, net-, 2, to spin, weave. Neoptolemus, i, son of Achilles. fneoterious, a, um, neic. nepa, se, f., scorpion, crab. Nephele, es, wife of Athamas, mother of Phryxus and Helle. nepos, otis, m., grandson, nephew
prodigal, spendthrifl.

unknown. a Centaur, slain by Hercules. Nestor, Qris, myth. king of Pylos, son of Neleus. netus, iis, M., [neo,] spinning, thread.
unskilled,
i,

Nessus,

neu=neve,

nor.
ttuo

neuter, tra, um, neither qf neutiquam, by no means.

neutralis,
e, neuter.

nepotinus, a, um (-alis, e), profuse. nepotor, i, S(pmnder, lavish.

neptis,
is, f.,

Neptiinius, Neptune.

a,

granddaughter. um, of or built by

neutro, to neither side. neutrubi, m neither place. neve, and not, and lest. nex, necis, f., death (by violence). nexilis, e, bound together. nexio, onis, ., fastening.

Neptunus,

i, god of the Waters, brother of Jupiter the sea.

;

nequam, icorthless, icretched, vile. nequaquam, by no means. neque (nec), neitlier, nor, and not. nequedum, and not yet. nequeo ( 37, viii.), cannot. nequicquam (-quiquam), in vain.
nequior, nequissimus, [nequam,] more and most icorthless. nequis, qua, quod (quid), lest any. nequiter, icorthlessly, badly.
nequitia, ae
(-es,
ei), f.,

nexo, xui (xi), 3, bind,join,fasten. nexuni, i, n., slavery for debt. nexuosus, a, um, fuU of knots. nexus, [necto,] /h.s^enec/; m., prisoner, one bound to service. nexus, lis, m., binding, obligation.
ni, not, thcit not, unless.

badness,

vileness, negligence, levity.

nequo,

no-ichither.
f.,

nereis, idis,

sea-nymph.

Nicaea, ae, f., a town of Bithynia. Nicias, ge, Athenian commander of the Sicihan expedition b.c. 415. nico, ci, 3, beckon. Nicomedia, ae, f., the capital of Bithynia. nicto, I, icink, blink, sign, strive. nictus, iis, M., icinking. nidamentum, i, n., stuff for nest.
nidifico,
i, to

Nereus, i, a sea-deity, son of Oceanus and Tethys. Neritos (us), i, M., a mountain of
Ithaca
;

build nests.

nidor, oris, M., vapor, steam, odor. nidulor, i, to bui/d nests,

-ius, a,

um,

Ithacan.

nidus

(-ulus),

i,

m., nest, retreat.

Nero, onis, family name of L. Domitius Aenobarbus, the sixth emperor, a.d. 54-68.

nigellus, a, um, dark, sicarthy. niger, gra, um, black, dark. nigrans, tis, black, dusky.

nigredo
nigredo, inis, f., hlackness. nigresco, 3, (jroio black or dark. nigricans, tis, blackisli.
nigritia, se, f., blackness.

nominatus.
nitidus.
a,

121

um,

hright, sleek, elegant.

3, to

nitor, nisus (nixus),

strain,

mount,

strive, rely.

nigro, I, Uacken, be black. nigror, oris, M., hlackness.

nihil, nothing, not at
all.

nitor, oris, M., hrightness, neatness. I nitrum, i, n., soda, alkali. nivalis, e, snowy.

nihildum, nothing yet. nihilominus, none the less. nihilum, i, N,=nihil, nothing.
nil=nihil, nothing. Nilus, i, M., the Nile, the great river of Egypt.

nimbatus,

a,

um,

light,

vapory.

nimbifer, era, um, stormy.

nimbosus, a, um, stormy, rainy. nimbus, i, M., rain-cloud, storm. nimie (-6), hy far, too much.
nimietas,
atis, f., excess.
doiihtless.

nivarius, a, um, of snow. nivatus, a, um, cooled with snow. nivens, tis, closing (winking). niveus, a, um, snoivy, white. nivosus, a, um, full of snow. nix, nivis, f., snow. nixor, i, /ean, strive. nixus, [nitor,] relying. nixus, us, m., effort, presssure. no, I, I0 sivim, sail. nobilis, e, famous, noble. nobilitas, atis, F., nobility (of rank, fame or quality), the nobles.
nobiliter, nobly. nobilito, i, make famous. nobiscum, [ego,] ivith us.

nimirum,

nimis, too much, excessively. nimius, a, um, excessive, too great. ningit, ninxit, 3, it snows. ninguidus, a, um, snowy. ninguis, is, F., snoio. ningulus, a, um, nohody. Ninive, es, f., Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, on the Tigris. Ninus, myth. founder of Niniveh. Niobe, es (-ba, ae), daughter of Tantalus, changed to stone after the loss of all her children.

nocens,

tis,

guilty,

harmful;

m.,

a crimincd.

nocenter, guiltily. noceo, cui, cit-, 2, to harm, nocivus, a, um, noxious.

noctiliica,
se, F.,

hurt.

night-shining.

noctivagus, a, um, night-ivandering.

noctu

(-te),

by night.
oui.

noctua,

ae, f.,

Nisaeus

f-eius), of Nisus. Niseis, idis, Scylla, d. of Nisus, k. of Megara, who betrayed his

kingdom

to

Minos.

nisi (ni), unless, if not. nisus, [nitor,] relying. nisus (-xus), us, M., effort.,pressure. Nisus, i, myth. king of Megara,

noctuabundus, a, um, m the night. noctuinus, a, um, of owls. nocturnus, a, um, nightly, dark. nocuus, a, um, harmful. nodatus, a, um, knotted. to fili with knots, fasten. nodo, nodosus, a, um, knotty, swollen,
I
,

intricate, difficult.

nodus (-ulus),i, m., knot, knob, band,

coil,

changed to a hawk. nitela (-dula), se, f., dormouse. nitens, tis, shining, hrilliant, blooming, famous. nitens, tis, [nitor,] strivi.ng. niteo, ui, 2, to shine, glitter, thrive,
flourish.

difficulty.

nolens, tis, univilling. nolo, nolle, nolui ( 37,

ivilling, ivish
ill.

ii),

be un-

nomades, um, C, wanderers. nomen, inis, N., name ( 15),

debt,

race,

thing,fame, reason, pretext.

nitesco, tui,

3, fo

nitibundus,

a,

um,

shineforth._ straining.

nomenclator, oris, m., namer. nominatim, by name.

nominatio, onis, f., naming. nominatus, a, um, celehrated.

nitide, brightly. nitido, I, maice hright, bathe.

122
nomino,

nomino

nubo.
notor, oris, M., voucher, witness. notus, [nosco,] known. notus (os), i, M., the South wind.

i, call hy name, make famous, nominate, accuse. t nomisma, atis, n., coin, medal.

fnomos,
non,

i,

m., district, time.

novacula,

ae, f.,

razor, knife.

not, no.

nonce, arum, f. pl., Nones ( 83), the 7th of March, May, July, 5th of the other months. Oct.
;

novalis, e, fallow, fresh-ploughed. novatio, onis, f., renewing.

nove,

in

new fashion, unusually.

young, new, fresh.
(^th month),

nonageni, ninety (each). nonagies, ninety times. ^ nonaginta, ninety. nonanus, a, um, of tlie ()th legion. nonarius, a, um, of the gth hour.

a, um, novem, nine. november, bris

novellus,

No-

vemher.

novemdecim,

nineteen.

nondum,

not yet.
a,

nongenti (noningenti), ae, nonies (-ens), nine times. nonna, se, f., a nun.

900.

novemdialis, e, of nine days. novenarius, a, um, o/ nine. noveni, ae, a, nine (each). noverca, ae, f., stepmother. novercalis, e, of a stepmother,
tile,

hos-

nonne (iiiterrog.), not ? nonnemo, inis, m., some

nonnihil, something.

malevolent.

one.

novi, [nosco,] I know.

nonnuUus,

some. nonnumquam, sometimes. nonnusquam, somewhere.

a, a, um, ninth. nonus decimus, nineteenth.

um,

novies (-ens), nine times. novissime, quite lately, lastly. novissimus, a, um, latest, last, lowesf, furthest ; agmen, the rear.
novitas, atis,
ness, novelty.
f.,

nonus,

newness, strange-

Noreia,

ae, f., a town of Noricum, the dist. north of the Adriatic.

ae, f.,

noviter, newly, afresh. novitius, a, um, new,fresh.

norma,

square,

rul.e.

novo,

I,

to

renew,

alter, invent, re-

normalis,

hy the square. nos, nostrum, nobis, we.

e,

fresh, change

by revolution.

noscito, I, recognize. nosco, novi, not-, 3, learn. he acquainted, to know ; perf know. noster, tra, trum, our ; pl., m., our men, N., our possessions. no3tras,*atis, of our country. nostratim, in our fashion. nota, ae, f., mark, sign, note, stain.
notabilis,
e, notewoi^thy. a,

novus, a, um, new, Jresh, strange, unwonted ; N., novelty ; res novce,
revolution, novelties.

nox, noctis,

f., night,

darkness, the

ivorld helow, gloom, storm, death.

noxa

(-ia), ae, f.,

harm, crime, jmna,

ishment. noxius (-osus),

um,

harmful,

injurious, guil.ty.

niibecula,
;

ae,
;

small cloud, dark spot.

notarius,

um, of

ivriting

m.,

short-hand writer, clerk. notatio, onis, f., marking, choice. notesco, tui, 3, hecome known.

nothus,

a,

um,
f.,

illegitimate, false.

notio, onis,

a getting knowledge,

investigation, notion, idea.

notitia, ee (-es, ei), f., knowing, acquaintance, note. notius, a, um, southern.

(-is, m.), cloud, smoke, niibes, is, f. vapor, gloom, ohscurity. niibifer, a, um, cloud-hearing. niibigena, ae, C, cloud-horn; pl. tJte Centaurs. nubilarium, i, N., shed, harn. nubilis, e, marriageahle. niibilo, i, to he or make cloudy. niibilus (-osus), a, um, cloudy, dark,

noto,

I,

designate,

mark, signify,

hrand, remark, write in cypher.

overcast, gloomy. niibo, psi, pt-, 3, cover, veil, marry (put on the veil, with dat.).

nucetum

nusquam.
Numidicus,
a,

123

nucetum, i, n., wood of nut trees. nuceus, a, um -alis, e, of a nut. nucleus, i, M., kernel, nut. nucula, 36, F., little nut. nudatio, onis, f., stripping bare. nude, nakediy, simply. nudius (tertius), now the (third) day since. nudo, I, to strip, make hare, despoil. nudus, a, um, naked, bare, stripped,
;

um, Numidian; a
to

name given
Numitor, oris, Romulus.

Metellus, concoin.

queror of Jugurtha.

numisma=nomisma,

grandfather

of

nummus=niimus, coin, money. numnon, numne=num, whether.

niimosus,
a,

um,

wealthy.

numquam,
numquid, numquis,

never.

unadorned, alone,
niigae,

destitute.

whether (emphatic).
lohether any.
a,

arum,
e,

f.,

nonsense, finery,
;

jesters.

numularius,
frivolous
a,

um, of money ;

m.,

nugalis,

n. pl., trifies.

state-banker.

nugator,

oris, m., trifler, jester.

niimus

niigatorius,

um; nugax,
m., dealer

acis,

trifling, futile, useless.

nuvigendus,
niigor,
i,

i,

infnery.

jest, trifie, clieat.

(-ulus), i, m., money (as cents, 84) farthing. nunc, now ( 41, ii. 2), but now. nunccine ? now ? nunciatio, onis, f., declaration.

coin=4

nuUatenus, by no means. nuUus, a, um (gen. ius),

of no account.

no, none,

nuncio=nuntio, announce. nuncubi ? anywhere ? ever ?

nuncupatio, onis,
f.,

naming, ap(as

num,
of

whetlier (
ae,

Numa,

71 ), Pompilius, second

jminting, dedication.
k.

nuncupo,
heir),

i, to

name or appoint

Rome, b.c. 713-679. Numantia, ae, f., a city of South Spain, capt. by Scipio, B.c. 133. numarius, a, um, of money, hribed. niimatus, a, um, moneyed, rich.
numella,
ae, f.,

vow publicly. nuncusque, till now. nundinae, arum, F., market-day.

nundinalis, e, of the market. nundinatio, onis, f., trafficking. nundinor, i, to atteiid market, buy,
trade, troop together.

shackle, fetter.

numen,

nod, command, divine loill, divinily. numerabilis, e, tliat canbe counted. numerarius, a, um, of accounts. numeratio, onis, f., payment.
inis, n., [nuo,]

nundinus,

a,

um, of

the

gth

or

market-day ;

N., market-time.

nunquam=numquam,

never.

numeratus,
N.,

a, um, in ready money, cash; iu numerato, at hand.

i,

numero, numero,

count, reckon,

pay

out.

nuntia, ae, f., messenger. nuntiatio, onis, f., announcement. nuntio, i, to announce, declare. nuntius, i, m., messenger, message,
order, tidings.

precisely, quickly.
(-iter), numerously, har-

numerose

moniously, in poetic nwnhers.

[nuo, niit-, pounds).

niiper,

3, to

nod (only in com-

numerosus,
lific,

a, um, numerous, propopulous, melodious. numerus, i, m., numher, quantity, troop, rank, part, order, measure or numher (in verse).

lately,

just now.

nuperus, a, um, recent, fresh. nupta, ee, f., [niibo,] bride.

nuptiae, arum, f., marriage. nuptialis, e, of a ivedding. nuptus, a, um, [nubo,] married;
F., hride,

Numicius,
tium
;

i,

m.,

a stream in La-

name of a Roman Gens. Numida, ae, Numidian.

Numidia,
Africa,
ae,

wife.

W.

F., a dist of N. of Carthage Algiers.

;

nuptus, iis, m., marriage. nurus, iis, f., daughter-in-law.

nusquam,

nowhere, in or

to nothing.

124
nutabundus,
nutatio, onis,
a,

nutabundus
um,
staggering.

oblatio.
-isco, 3, tofall asleep. ct-, 3, lecul towards, over, cover, fasten, shut up.
;

obdormio, 4

f.,

nodding, iottering.

obdiico, xi,

nutiquam=neutiquam.
nuto, I, lo 7iod, nutricatus, us,
sicay, icaver.

draw obductio, onis,

f., veiling, covering.

3, to

m., nursing, nurture.

obdiiresco, diirui,

grow hard

niitricius, a, um, suckling, cherishing ; M., iulor ; N., nourishment. niitrico (-or), i, to nourish, rear. niitricula, ae, f., nurse.

or siuhhorn. obdiiro, i, to liarden, make hard, endure, persisi.

niitrimen, inis

-mentum,

i,

n.,

nourishment, suppori. niitrio (-or), 4, nourish, rear, cherish, jjreserve (as fruit). nutrix, icis, f., nurse, rearer,
hreeder, nurse^^y (of plants).

obediens, tis, ohedient. obedienter, readily, ivillingly. obedientia, ee, f., ohedience. obedio, 4, ohey, yield, hearken. obedo, edi, es-, 3, eat, devour.
f

obeliscus,
ii, it-,

i,

m., ohelisk, rosehud.

obeo,

4,

go

ioicards,

go down,

niitus, iis, m., a nod, command, heckoning, downward motion.

perish, survey, traverse, undertake,

enter on, meet (death), die.

nux, nucis, F., nut. fnympha, ae, f., hride, nymph (of
fountains, &c.).
f nymphsea,
ae. F., water-lily.
i,

obequito, i, ride up to. obero, [obsum,] will he present. oberro, i, move ahout.
obesitas, atis,
f.,

grossness.

f nympheeum (-eum),

n.,

fount

obesus, [edo,] lean or eaten away

nymphalis,

of ilie nymphs. e, of
ee,

the fountain.

obex,

fat, coarse, swollen. icis, d., har, holi, harrier.

nymphigena,
(Achilles).

the

nymph-horn

[obf-=off-; obg-=ogg-. obhaereo, 2 ; hseresco, haesi,

siick fast.

3, to

Nysaeus,
;

Caria the birthplace of Bacchus.

city in Bacchic, oi Nysd.'m India,

a,

um, of Nysa, a

obiens, euntis, [obeo,] meeting. obirascor, iratus, i, get angry at.

obiter, on or hy the way, at once. obitus, iis, m., an approach, going down, setting, downfall, deaih.

O.
O, a common exclamation, or form of address, with voc. or acc. f Oasis, is, F., a dist. in the Libyan
exile for criminals. ^ Oaxes, is, m., a river of Crete ? ob, ioicards, ai, ahoui, on account of [-ob, ioicards, on, in the 7vay of obaeratus (-rius), a, um, indehied

objaceo, ui, 2, to lie over against. objectatio (-ctio), onis, f., a casiing-against, accusation, reproach.

objecto,

I, to

throw against, oppose,

desert,

an

expose, reproach. "objectus, [objicio,] lying opposiie, exposed ; n. pl., accusaiions.

objectus,

iis, m., casiing in the loay, exposure, inierposiiion, projection.

M., dehfor,

obambulo, obarmo, i,

obaro, i, to obaudio, 4, to ohey. obauratus, a, um, gilded, gilt. obba, ee, f., gohlei, mug or howl.

one hound for to wcdk hy. to arm. plough up.

i,

deht.

objex=obex,

harrier.

objicio, jeci, ject-, 3, io cast in the way, resent, holdforth, up)hraid. objurgatio, onis, f., reproach. objurgator, oris, M., a rehuker. objurgatorius, a, um, reproachfuL

objurgo

(-ito), i, io chide,

dissuade,

[obc=occ-. obdo, didi, dit-,

3,

put in the

icay,

rehuke, chastise. oblaqueo, i, to trench ahoui.

envelop, close, ivrap.

oblatio, onis,

f., offering, hestoical.

oblatro
oblatro,
i,

observate.
[obp-=opp.
obrepo,
psi, pt-,
3,

125

rall

or hark
;

at.

oblatus,.[ofFero,] ojfered. obleotamen, inis -mentum,

delif/hf, jo//, solace,

oborior, ortus, 4, to rise, appear. obortus, us, M., origin.

i,

n.,

ainusenient.

creep up

to,

oblecto, I, to deUglit, (jratifij. oblido, si, sum, 3, crush together.

obligatio, onis, f., binding, hond. obligo, I, fo bind, tie close, pledge. obligiirio, 4, to squander, devour. oblimo, I, hesliine, squander. oblino, levi, lit-, 3, besmear, bedaub.

steal ujjon, surprise, cheat.

obreptio, onis,
prise.

f.,

stealing, sur-

obretio, 4, entangle. obrigesco, gui, 3, grow hard or stiff. obrodo, 3, to gnaw. obrogo, i, to repeal (by a later
law), invalidate.

oblique, sidewise, indirectly. obliquo, I, to tioist, turn, ivarp. obliquus, a, um, sidelong, aicry,
indirect.

obruo,
t

rui, rut-, 3,

to

cover,

hury, assay.

overwhelm, overpower.

obrussa

(-ryza), ee, f.,

test,

oblisus, [-lido,] crushed. oblitesco, litui, 3, [lateo,] liide. oblitero, i, to blot out. oblitus, [lino,] hesmeared. oblitus, a, um, forgetful, forgotten. oblivio, onis, f., forgetfulness, obUvion.

obsaturo, i, to sate, clog. obscene, indecently, foully. obscenitas, atis, f., foulness, impurity, inauspiciousness.
a, um, of ilL omen, foul, impure, evil, indecent. obsciiratio, onis, f., darkening. obsciire, darkly, secretly. obsciiritas, atis, f., darkness, ohscurity, meanness. obsciiro, l, to darken, hide, blind. obsciirus, a, um, dark, unknown,

obscenus,

obliviosus, a, um, forgetful. obliviscor, oblitus, 3, forget.

oblivium, i, N.,forgetfulness. obloco, I, give out on contract. oblocutor, oris, m., contradicter. oblongus, a, um, rather long. obloquor, locutus, to interrupt,
contradict.

ohscure, secret.

obsecratio, onis,

f.,

supplication,

heseeching, profestation.
sfruggle against.
3,

obluctor,
obliido,
si,

I,

obsecro,
obsepio,

i, to i,

beseech, implore.

play ojf jokes. obmolior, 4, throw up in front. obmoveo, movi, mot-, 2, hring forward.

sum,

obsecundo,

comply, ohey, follow.

to

psi, pt-, 4, bar, close up.

fence
f.,

in,

obsequela

obmurmuro,

i,

murmur

against.

(-quentia), ee, plaisance, compliance.

com-

obmutesco, tui, 3. he speechless. obnatus, a, um, growing on or near.

obnitor, sus (xus),
3,

jmsh against.
resolute.

obnisus

(-xus), a,

um,

obnixe, with might and main. obnoxie, guiltily, suhmissively. obnoxius, a, um, frail, exposed,
liahle, suhinissive,

obsequens, tis, yielding, indulgent, obsequenter, ohedientl.y. obsequiae, arum, f., funeralrites. obsequiosus, a, um, compliant. obsequium, i, n., yielding, compliance, indulgence, ohedience. ciitus, 3, yield, gratify, indulge, obey, subinit. obsero, i, to bolf, fasten. obsero, sevi, sit-, 3, to sow, plant,

obsequor,

beholden.

obniibilus,

a,

um,

beclouded.

obniibo, psi, pt-, 3, to veil, cover. obnuntiatio, onis, F., announcement of evil omen. obnuntio, (-cio), i, announce (evil). oboleo, ui, 2, to emit odor. f obolus, i, N., a small coin (3 cts.).

cover,

fill.

observans, tis, watchful, atteniive. observanter, carefully. observantia, ae, f., respect, regard. observate, circuinspectly.

126
observatio, onis,
f.,

observatio
care, ohserv-trix, tricis,

obtrudo.
obsto,
stiti, stat-,
i
,

stand against,
to.

(ince, rule, respect.

oppose, check, he hatefxd

;

observator,
F.,

oris, M.

obstrepo,

ui, it-, 3, to

clamor

at

or

ohserver.
i, icatcli

against, droivn ivith noise.

observito,

carefully.

obstrictus, [stringo,] hound.

obstrigillo,
i,

observo.

i,

note, regard, tvatch.

hinder, impede.
3,

obses, idis, c, hostage, j^^^edge. obsessio, onis, f., Uockade. obsessor, oris, M., a hesieger, frequenter.

obstringo, strinxi, strict-,

close, fasten, pledge.

hind
hin-

obstructio, onis,
drance.

f.,

harrier,

obsessus, [obsideo,] heset. obsidatus, us, m., condition

hostage.

obstruo,
of

xi,

ctum,

3,

huild against,
thrust upon.

harricade, ohstruct.

obstrudo=obtriido,
2,
to

obsideo, sedi, sess-,

heset,

hesiege,

obstupefacio,

feci, fact-, 3,

amaze.

occupy, frequent. obsidio, onis, f., siege, hlockade. obsidior, i, Ue in waitfor. obsidium, i, N., siege, blockade. obsido, 3, heset, hesiege, occupy.

obstupesco, stupui, 3, he amazed. obstupidus, a, um, stupefied.

obsum,

esse, fui, he harmful.

obsignator, oris, n., sealer, witness. obsigno, I to seal, attest, pledge. obsipo, I, sprinkle.
,

obsuo, ui, iit-, 3, sew up, stop close, obsurdesco, dui, 3, g7'ow deaf. obtego, xi, ct-, 3, to cover, hide,
veil,

keep

secret.

stiti, stit-, 3, withstand, oppose, disapprove. obsitus, [sero,] planted.

7-esist,

obsisto,

obtemperatio, onis, f., compliance. obtempero, i, comply, conform. obtendo, di, tum, 3, draw or spread
over, hide, pretend, allege.

obsole-facio,

3, to

wear

out, spoil.

obtentus,

a,

um, [-tendo,] drawn

m., drawing-over.
trit-, 3, hruise,

obsolesco, evi,

et-, fall into

decay.

[tineo,] held.

obsolete, shabhily, meanly. obsoletus, a, um, worn out, poor,

shahhy, ruinous.

obtentus, iis, obtero, trivi,

wear,

obsonator, obsonatus,
f

oris, m., caterer.

crush, degrade, destroyy,obtestatio, onis, F., adjuring, entreaty, adjuration.

us, m., marketing.

i,

obsonium,

n., viands.

obtestor,

i,

call as witness, adjure.

obsono

(-or), i,

purvey,furnish.
interrupt noisilyi
to sleep.

obtexo,

xui,

xt-,

3,

weave or
cui, to he

obsono, ui, it-, i, obsopio, 4, to put obsorbeo, bui, 2,

sivallow up.
3, get soiled,

spread over. obticeo, 2 (-cesco, or gi^ow silent.

;

3),

ob,5ordesco, sordui,
ivear out, diminish.

obtigo=obtego,

cover.
2,

obtineo, tinui, tent-.

obtingo,
tigi, 3,

hold, get,

obstantia, ae, f., hindrance. obstetrix, icis, f., midwife. obstinate, injlexihly. obstinatio, onis, f., stuhhornness. obstinatus, a, um, resolute. obstino, I, standfast or against.

maintain, prove, continue.

touch, strike, hap-

pen to, hefail. obtorpesco, torpui, 3, obtorqueo, si, tum,

tivist,

groio numh.
2,

to

turn,

ivrench.

obstipesco=obstupesco,

3, to

he

amazed. obstipo, I, to lean. obstipus, a, um, hent, inclined. obstitus, [-sisto,] set in the way, opposed, struck hy lightning.

obtrectatio, onis, F., disparaging. obtrectator, oris, m., traducer. obtrecto, i, detract, oppose, injnre. obtritus, [tero,] hruised. obtriido, si, sum, 3, to thrust upon,
gulp, stop close.

obtrunco
obtrunco,
kill,

octingenti.
occiduus,
occillo,
a,

127

i, to cut away, mangle, prune. obtueor, 2, gaze 4ip on, perceive. obtundo, tudi, tus- (tuns-), 3, to

um,

setting, failing,

trhn,

perishing, western.

tliwnp, blunt, din.

obturamentum, i,

n., stopper,

hung.

obturbo, I, disturh, confuse. obturgesco, tursi, 3, to swell. obturo, I, stop up, allay. obtuse, dully, dimly.
obtusio, onis, f., hluntmg, hruise. obtusus, [tundo,] hlunted, duLL obtutus, us, M., a gazing.

smash. cent-, 3, chirp, croak, sing (inauspiciously). occipio, cepi, cept-, 3, hegin, enter. occiput, itis, [-itium, i,] n., hack of the head. occisio, onis, f., slaughter, murder. occisor, oris, m., slayer, murderer. occisus, [caedo,] slain. occliido, si, sum, 3, to shut, stop. occo, I, to harrow.
i, to

occino,

ui,

obumbro,
obuncus,

overshadow, ohscure. hent, hooked. obustus, [uro,] charred, scorched. obvagulo, I, deniand loudly. obvallo, I, to fortify, surround. obvenio, veni, vent-, 4, come in
i,

occubo,

ui, I, to rest, repose.

a,

um,

occulco, I, trample upon. occulo, ui, cult-, 3, cover,

hide.

occultatio, onis, f., hiding. occultator, oris, M., hider.

occulte

(-tim, -to), secretly.

the ivay, hefall.

obventio, onis, f., income, revenue. obversor, i, to go or hover ahout,

appear, oppose.

occulto, I, to hide, secrete. occultus, a, um, hidden, secret. occumbo, cubui, cubit-, 3, to fall,
sink,
lie,

yield, perish.
f.,

obverto,

turn toivards. obviam(w. dat.), in the ivay, athand. obvigilo, i, to he watchful. obvio, I to meet, prevent. obvius, a, um, meeting, in the way, at hand, opposed, adverse, exposed.
ti,

sum,

3,

occupatio, onis,
ing,

seizing,

hold-

employment.

occupatus, a, um, husy, employed. occupo, I, seize, occupy, anticipate,

attack, surprise, outstiip.

occurro,

3,

run

to

meet, oppose,

obvolvo,

vi, ut-, 3, to

wrap, cover.

attack, happen, oppear, reply.

occa, ae, f., harroiv. occaeco, i, make hlind, darken. occaedes, is, f., slaughler. occallesco, lui, 3, get hardened.

occano,

ui, 3, to sound, hlow.

F.,

occasio, onis,

occasion, meaiis,

opportunity, supply.

occursatio, onis, f., officiousness. occurso, I, 7neet, attack, appear. occursus, iis, m., meeting, opposing. Oceanus, i, m. (ocean), Father of Seas and Rivers. oceanitis, idis, f., d. of Oceaniis ; sea-nymph.
ocellatus, a, um, spotted. ocellus, i, m., little eye, eyelet. ocior, us, occissimus, swifter. ociter, ocius, ocissime, siviftly. ocrea, ae, F., greave (leg-armor).

occasiuncula, ee, f., occasion. occasus, iis, m., [cado,]///, downfall, destruction, setting, the west.

occatio, onis,

f., harroiving.

occedo, cessi, cess-, 3, go towards. occento, i, sing in presence of

ocreatus,

a,

um,

occepso=occepero
occepto, i, hegin. occidens, tis, m.,
occidio,- onis,

[occipio].

Octavius
octavus,

(-anus),

greaved. family i,

name

of Augustus.
the west.

f.,

[caedo,] mas-

sacre, destruction.

eighth ; F., the a, um, one-eighth. eighth hour (4 p.m'.) octies (ens), eight times.
;

occido, cidi, cis, 3, kill, cut down. occido, cido, cas, 3, fall, set, perish,

octingentesimus, a, um, 8ooth. octingeni (-genteni), 800 each.

octingenti,
8b, a, eight

he ruined.

hundred.

128
octipes, edis, octo, eicjht.

octipes
e'i()lit-Jooted.

ogganio.
f cecus,
i,

m,

hall, saloon.

October, bris, m., Octoher (8th month). ootodecim, elghteen. octogenarius, a, um, of 80 years.
octogeni,
a,

um,
a,

eighty each.

CEdipus, podis, myth. king of Thebes, son and slayer of Laius. CEneus, ei (eos), k. of yEtoHa, father of Meleager and Tydeus. CEnotria, ae, f., an ancient name ofS. E. Italy.
t oestrus, i, m., gadfly, frenzy. CEta, ae (-, es), a mt. of Thessaly.

octogesimus,

um,

eightieth.

octogies, eighty tiiiies. octoginta, eighty. octojugis, e, eight together. octoni, a, um, eight each.

offa (ofella),

ee, f.,

bit,

morsel.

offatim, in bits. offectus, [officio,] hindered.

octuplus,

a,

um,

eight-fold.

offendo,

di,

sum,

3,

strike, offend,

octussis, eight asses. ocularius, a, um, of the eyes. oculatus, a, um, furnished
eyes, visiblej conspicuous.

hit, fail,

stumble, blunder.

ivith

oculeus, a, um, shnrp-sighted. oculissimus, a, um, dearest.

oculitus, most dearly. oculo, i, furnish loith eyes.

oculus,

i,

M.,

eye,

vision,

darling,

bud (of plants).

ocyor=pcior,
f f

swifter.
f,, soiig.

oda, ae

ode, es,
i,

odeum,

m, music-halL

odi, osus ( 38, i.), hate, dislike. odiose, hatefully. odiosus, a, um, vexatious, hateful. odiura, i, n., hafred, offence, aversion, disgmt, insolence.

offensa, ae, f., collision, affront. offensatio, onis, f., hitting, stumbling, blunder. oflfensio, onis, f., stumbling, vexation, offence, aversion, mishap. oflfensiuncula, ae, f., slight offence. offenso, I, dash against, stumble. oflfensus, [-fendo], offensive. oflfero, obtuli, oblat-, offer, show, addace, occasion, inflict. offeriimenta, orum, n., gift. officialis, e, of duties or service. oflKcina, ee, f., ivorkshop, factory. officinator, oris, M., a master-work-

man,
oflBcio,

artist.

feci,

fect-, 3, hinder, ob-

slruct, injure, hurt.

odor, oris, m., odor, fragrance. odoratio, onis, f. -tus, us, m., seni^e of siiiell, odor. odoratus, a, um, fragrant.
;

odorifer, era, um., fragrant, spicy. odoro, I, to einit perfume. odoror, i, examine by scent, snujf,
search, smell
at.

a, um, fragrant. od63=odor, smell. Odrysius, a, um, of the

odorus,

Odrysce, a

oflficiose, courteously. officiosus, a, um, obliging, dutifuL officium, i, N., service, duty, favor. oflfigo, xi, ct-, 3, /ix, fasfen. oflfirmatus, a, um, resolutey stubborn, obstinate. oflRrmo, i make fast, persevere. oflEla=offula, Uttle bit. offoco, I, choke with water. oflfrenatus, a, um, curbed. offringo, egi, act-, 3, to cross-plough.
,

Thracian people.
Ody.33ea, ae, the story of Ulysses. CEa, ae, f., a town of N. Africa, in the territory of Tripoli. CEagrus, i, myth. k. of Thrace, father of Orpheus. OEjbalus, i, myth. k. of Sparta, founder of Tarentum. fceconomia, ae, f., economy.

offucia,

ae, f.,

cosmetic, trick.

oflfula, ae, f., bit

fragment.
3,

oflfulcio, (si),

tum,

stop up.

oflfulgeo,

si, 2,

shine upon.

oflfundo, udi, iis-, 3, pour upon or fortii ; p., spread, extend. ofifusco, I, obscure, vilify. oflfiisus, [oflfundo,] poured.

ogganio,

4, snarl, yelp,

growL

oggero
oggero,
3, bring, carrij.

operose.
Olympus, i,
border-town of Macedonia. i, n., tripe, paunch.
inis, n., omen, portent, or solem7i usage.
i,

129

Ogyges, is, (-us,.i,) myth. founder of Thebes. Ogygius, a, um, Tlieban (Bacchus).
Oileus,
i,

m., a mt. in Thessaly, seat of the gods ; heaven. Olynthius, a, um, of Olynthus, a

myth.

king of Locris,

omasum,
omen,
ualy^

father of Ajax (Oileus). olax, acis, fragrant. Olbia, ae, f., a city of Sardinia.
olea,
ae, f.,

rit-

omentum,

n., fat,

membrane.

olwe.
-arius), a,

oleaceus (-agineus,
-aris, e,

um

of

oU, or the olive.

f., olive-harvest.

ominor, i, prognosticate, predict. ominosus, a, um, forboding. omissus, a, um, negligent.

omitto, misi, miss-,3, neglect, letgo. omnifariam, on all sides. omnigenus, a, um, of all sorts.

oleaster,

tri, m., tvild olive.

oleitas, atis,

olens, tis, fragrant, odorous. oleo, ui, 2, to emit odor. oleatus, a, um, cured in oil. olerator, oris, M., kitchen-gardener. olenticetum, i, n., noisome pool. oleo, olui, 3, to emit odor, betray one's self by the smell. oleosus, a, um, oilij,fall of oil. oletum, i, n., oHve-orchard ; dung.

omnimodo,
omnino,

by

ali

means.
all

at all, by means, in general, universally.

altogether,

omniparensi,

tis,

all-producing.

oleum,

i,

n., olive-oil; the ivrestUng-

omnipotens, tis, all-powerful. omnis, e, all, every^ any (w. negat). omnituens, tis, all-seeing. Omphale, es, myth. q. of Lydia. onager (-grus), gri, M., wiid ass.
onco,
I, to

ground.
olfacio, feci, fact-, 3, smell, scent. olfacto, I, smell at, detect. olfactus, us, M., the sense ofsmelL olidus, a. um, strong-scented. olim, once, ever, some day. olitor, oris, n., market gardener. oliva, ae, f., olive, oUve-branch.

bray.

olivetum,

i,

n., olive-orchard.

onerarius, a, um, of burden,freight. onero, i, to load, stoio, burden. onerosus, a, um, burdensome. onus, eris, n., a ioad, burden, cargo. onustus, a, um, ioaded, freighted. f onyx, ychis, M., onyx (yellowish marble or gem). opacitas, atis, F., shade.

olivifer, era, um, olive-bearing. olivitas, atis -eta, se f., olive;

;

opaco, I, overshadow. opacus, a, um, shady, obscure.

opella,

harvest.

olivum,

i,

N., oil, ointment.

opera,

olla, ae, f. , pot, jar.

ollaris, e; (-arius), of pots, potted. oUe, ollus, for ille, thaf. olor, oris, m., sivan ; odor.

task or service. pains, iask, service, care ; (abl.), by jneans ; day^s ivork ; pl., day-laborers.
se, f., iight
se,

f.,

operans, tis, effectual. operarius, a, um, of ivork

laborer.

m.,

olorifer, era,

olorinus,

a,

um, swan-bearing. um, of swans.

operatio, onis,

f.,

ivork,

perform-

olus, eris, n., pot-herbs, vegetables.

ance, solemnity.

Olympia,

ae, a city of Ehs (S.W. Greece), where games were held in honor of Jupiter. olympias, adis, f., period of 4 years pl., the Muses. Olympias, adis, m. of Alexander.
;

operculo,

i,

to cover.
i,

operculum (-imentum),
cover, panei-work.

N.,

lid,

operio,

ui, opert-, 4, cover, hide, conceai, dissemble.

tvait.

shut,

6perior=opperior,

Olympius,
pl.,

a,

um, of Olympia;

n.

Olympic games.

operor, i, work, toil, perform. operose, with pains.

130
operositas, atis,

operositas
f., nice

opusculum.
opportiine, seasonahly. opportiinitas, atis, f., fitness, opportun ity, advantage. opportiinus, a, um,fit, seasonahk.
exposed, liable.

work.

operosus, a, um, toilsome, husy. opertaneus, a, um, secret, hidden.

operte, covertbj. operto, I, to cover, Jiide. opertus, a, um, Jndden, secret;
secret sJiri)ie
;

n.,

pl. oracles.

opes, [ops,]

F.,

resources,

ivealtJi.

Ophiusius, a, um, of Cijprus. opicus, a, um, chwnisJi (Oscan).

opifer, era,

oppositio, oppositus, oppositus, oppressio,

opressus,"
3, crusJi,

onis,

f., opposition.

[pono,]

set against. us, M., setting-against.

onis, v.,force, pressure, oppression.

a,

um,

Jielp-hringing.

um,

crusJied.

opifex, icis, m., craftsman. opificium, i, n., tvorJc. opilio, onis, m., sJiepJierd. opime, sumptuousbj. opimitas, atis, F., ahundance.

opprimo, pressi, press-, [premo,]

overcome,
seize,

suppress.
i,

opprobrium (-bramentum),
reproacJi, disgrace, taunt.

n.,

opimo, I, tofatten, enricJi. opimus, a, um,/a^, 7'icJi, sumptuous, nohle; spolia opima, spoils taken by a general from the general of the defeated enemy.
opinabilis, e, conjectural. opinatio, onis, F., conjecture. opinatus, a, um, imagined, famous. opinio, onis, f., opinion, fancy, rumor, 7'eport, reputation. opinor (-o), i, to suppose, tJiinJc. opipare, sumptuously. -is, e, sumptuous. opiparus, a, opitulor. I, brinj aid, Jielp. t opion (-um), i, N., opium, poppy-

opprobo, I, to reproacJi, upbraid. oppugnatio, onis, F., attack. oppugnator, oris, m., assailant.

oppugno,
sault,

I,

io

attack,

storm,
fists.

as-

7'esist,
I,

heat

with

opputo,

to

prune.
Jielp,

oprimentum= operimentum, lid.

ops, opis,
F.,

migJU

pl., re-

sources, wealtJi.

Ops, Opis. wife of Satvirn, goddess of Hiisbandry and Plenty.

ops6nium=obs6nium,

viands.

um

optabilis, e, desiraUe. optatio, 6nis, f., cJioice, ivisJi. optato, according to desire.

optatus,

a,

um,

wisJied-for,

desir-

juice.

able, pleasant, dear.

oportet,

uit, 2,

it

must he

39,

i).

oppango, pegi, pact-, 3, fasten. oppecto, 3, comb away,pluck. oppedo, 3, to insult.

opperior, 4, icaitfor. oppessulatus, a, um, holtedfast. oppeto, ivi, it-, 3, go to meet (death). oppico, I, secd ivitJi pitcJi. oppidanus, a, um, of a iown, provinci(d; M., townsman.

optimates, um, c, aristocracy. optime, excellently. optimus, a, um, [bonus,] hest.

optio, onis, f., a cJioice. optio, 6nis, m., Jielper, aid.

optivus, a, um, cJiosen. opto, I, to (Jesire, wisli,

cJioose.

optumus=optimus,
opulens,
tis
;

hest.

-lentus,

a,

um,

ricJi.

opulente
opulentia,

(-ter), sumptuously.
ae, f., wealtJi,

oppidatim, in every town. oppido, exceedingly, utterbj,

resources.

surely.

oppidulum, dim. of oppidum, i, n., town

oppignero,
oppilo,
i,

opulento, I, to enricJi. opulus, i, F., a 7naple as support

for vines.

(fortified).

i,

to

pawn, pledge.

stop, sJiut up.

oppleo, evi, et-, 2, tofU up. oppono, posui, posit-, 3,

to

set

Opuntii, people of Opus, a town of Locris. opus, eris, n., 7vork, tasJc, husiness. opus, need, 7ieedful, serviceable.

against, Jiohl fortJi, allege, oppose.

opusculum,

i,

N., liltle ivork.

ora
6ra,
ae, f., shore,
i,

oscen.
f

131

oraculum,

orarium, i, oratim, coastwise.

margin, region. orade,prophecij. N., napkin, handkerchief.

N.,

oria=horia, fishing-boat. orichalcum, i, n., coppjer ore, brass.

orcilla (-cula)=auricula, ear-lap. oriens, tis, rislng, the east. orientalis, e, eastern. d- -jd.=auriga, waggoner, driver. originalis, e -arius, a, um, original. origo, inis, f., birth, source, origin.
;

oratio, onis, F., speech, language, harangue, plea, eloquence.

oratiuncula,

ae, F., letter,

;

speeeh.
F.,

orator, oris, M.

-trix,

triois,

orator, pleader, envoy.

oratorie, eloquently. oratorius, a, um, oratorical. oratus, us, m., beseeching.

oriola=horiola, skiff. Orion, onis (onis), a famous hunter, changed to a constellation. orior, ortus, oriturus, 4, to arise. appear, originaie, be born.

orbator, oris, n., bereaver. orbiculatus, a, um, rounded. orbiculus, i, M., slice, pulley-wheel. orbilis, e, of a wheel ; N., rim.
orbis, is, M., circle, ring. orbita, ae, F., track, course. orbitas, atis, f., bereavement.

Orithyia,

ee,

myth.

d.

of Erectheus.
;

oriundus,

um, sprung, ornamentum, i, n.

a,

descended. equipment, decoration, embellishment.

-trix, tricis, F.,

ornate, elegantly. ornator, oris, m.

orbitosus, a, um, full of ruts. orbo, I, bereave, deprive. orbus, a, um, beref, orphaned. orca, se, f., narwhal (whale).

decorator, body-servant. ornatulus, a, um,^ne, smart.

ornatus, a, um, equipped, adorned. ornatus, us, m., decoration, equiprnent,

Orcades, um,
f

the Orkney Islands. orchas, adis, N,, a kind of olive. orchestra, ae, f., the Senate's seat

embelishment, apparel.
a,

orneus,
f f

um, of the wdd

se, .,

ash.

ornithias,

spring ivind.

in the theatre

orcheslra.

Orchomenus, i, myth. son of Athamas a town of Boeotia. orcinus, a, um, ofthe dead.
;

ornithon, onis, m., bird-house. orno, \,fit out, equip, embeilish, honor. ornus, i, f., mountain-ash.
oro,
f
I
,

.^peak, plead,

pray.

orcula,

ae, F.,
i,

keg.
;

Orcus,

name

M., the world below of Pluto death.

;

ordeum=hordeum,
ordinarius,
a,

barley.

orobos, i, m., wild pea. Orontes, is (ae), a river of Syria. Orpheus, ei, ea, son of Onagrus and Calhope, a bard of Thrace.

um,

customary, reg-

Orpheus

(-icus, -aicus), a,

um,

rows ; M., overseer. ordinate, -tim, in good order. ordinatio, onis, f., arrangement, regulalion, government. ordinatus, a, um, loell-ordered. ordino, i, set in order, govern. ordior, orsus, 4, begin, undertake. ordo, inis, m., order, rank, band. f oreas, adis, f., mountain nymph. Orestes, is (ae), son of Agamemnon, slayer of his mother. f orexis, is, f., longing. instruments. f organicus, a, um, of
idar, in even

Orphean or Orphic. orsus, [ordior,] begun;

,

N. pl., a

beginning, undertaking. orsus, iis, m beginning, attempt.

orthius, a, um, high-pitched. ortivus, a, um, rising, eastern. ortus, [orior,] descended, born. ortus, tis, m., rising, origin, birth. Ortygia, se, ., a name of Delos also the island-dist. of Syracuse.
f
;

oryx, ygis, m., ivild foryza, ae, F., rice.

goat, gazelle.

forganum, i, N., instrument, organ. forgia, orum, N., night-revels (of

Bacchus).

60, oris, N., mouih,face, entrance. os, ossis, N., bone, heart-ivood.

oscedo, inis, f., yawning. oscen, inis, m., divining-bird.

132

Osci

paciscor.
otium
(-olum), i, n., ease, idleness, quiet,peace; abl., at ease, leisurely.
exultingly.

Osci (Opici), orum, the primitivc people of Campania.

oscillatio, onis, f., sicinging. oscillo, I, to swing, oscillum, i, n., (6s), a little mask.

ovanter,

oscitans, tis, sluggish. oscitanter, curelessly.

oscitatio, onis, f., gaping, yawning. oscito, I, io gape, yaion, open. osculatio, onis, f., kissing.

ovatio, onis, F., an ovation (lesser triumph, with myrtle wreath). ovatus, a, um, egg-shaped.

osculor (-o), I, kiss, prize, clierisli. osculum, i, M., mouth, lip, kiss. Osiris, is (idis), an Egyptian deity, husband of Isis.
osor, oris, m., a hater. Ossa, se, f., a mt. in Thessaly.

oviarius (-illus, -inus, -illinus), a, um, of sheep. ovicula, ee, f., a Uttle sheep. ovilis, e, of sheep ; N., sheepfold. oviparus, a, um, laying eggs.
ovis,
is, F,.
I,

sheep, simpleton.

ovo,

to exult,

triumph, celehrate.

ovum, i, N., egg ; ab ovo usque ad mala, from egg to fruit, i.e.
from first to last (of the feast). foxalis, idis, F., sorrel. Oxus, i, M., a river flowing into the Caspian. f oxymeli, itis, n., vinegar mixed
honey, oxymel. f., wild sorrel. f oxyzomus, a, um, with sour sauce.
icith

osseus,

a,

um, of
i, i,

hone, hony.
little

ossiculum,
ossifragus,

n.,

hone.

m., osprey, sea-eagle.

ossuarius,

a,

um, for

receiving
to

hones ; n., vault, sepulchre.

ostendo,

di,

sum

(tum),

3,

oxys, yos,

show, expose, disclose, declare.

ostensio, onis, f., exhihiting. ostentarius, a, um, of progtiostics. ostentatio, onis, f., display,parade ostentator, oris, m., vain hoaster. ostento, I, exliihit,display,threaten,
reveal, indicate.

fozymum=ociuum,

clover.

ostentum,

prodigy, portent. ostentus, [ostendo,] exposed.

i,

n.,

ostentus, us,

M., exhihiiing.

Ostia, ae, f., a port at the mouth of Tiber, founded by Ancus. ostiarius, a, um, of the door ; m., porter ; n., door-tax. ostiatim, y)-om door to door. ostium, i, N., door, mouth, entrance. f ostrea, ae, f., oyster. ostrearius, a, um, of oysters. ostreatus, a, um, rough, scahhy. ostrifer, era, um., p7'oducing oysters. ostrinus a, um, pu7ple.
1

P, the prsenomen Publius. pabo, onis, m., icheelharrow. pabularis, e -ius, a, um, offodder. pabulatio, onis, v., pasture,forage. pabulator, oris, M., forager, herds;

man. pabulor,

to graze, forage, seek or i give Jiourishment.

,

pabulum,
pacalis,
e,

i,

m., food, fodder.

o/ peace, peacefuL

ostrum,
a,

i,

n., sea-purple.

pacate, penceahly. pacator, oris, m., peacemaker. pacatus, a, um, at peace, friendly, reduced to suhmission. Pachynum, i, N. -us, i, D., S. E. promont. of Sicily.
;

osus,

um

(odi), hating, hated.

Otho, onis, 8th emperor, a.d. 69. Othrys, yos, m., a mt. in Thessaly.
otior,
i, to

he at leisure.

otiose, leisurely, quietly, cabnly. otiosus, a, um, cd leisure, tranquil,

idle,

neutral, unprofitahle.

pacifer, era, um, peace-hringing. pacificatio, onis, F., peace-making. pacificator, oris, m., peace-makei\ pacifico, i, pacify, appease. pacificus, a, um, peace-making. paciscor, pactus, 3, agree, contract, hargain, harter.

paco
paco, I, to pacifij, suhdue. pacta, ae, hetrotked hride.

palmeuE
f

133
a,

palaestricus,

um, of

tJie

pal-

ccstra; M., ivrestling-master.

pactilis, e, plaited; ivreathed. pactio, onis, f., hargain, compact. Pactolus, i, M., a river of Lydia,

palam, openly, puhlicly. Palamedes, is, myth. k. of Euboea,

having golden sands.

pactor, oris, M., contractor. pactus, [paciscor,] agreed ;
M.,

hetro/hed ; N., agreement, compact.

who perished at Troy. palans, tis, icandering. palaris, e, of pales or staJces. palatinus, a, um, of tJie Pcdatium, a hill of Rome imperial.
;

pactus, [pango,] y?xec/, comjjosed.

palatium,
palatus, m.

i,

i<i.,

palace.
N.), palate, vault.

Pacuvius,

i,

an old

Roman

poet,

(-um,

A.D., 221-132.
a, um, of the river Po (Padus), in N. Italy. Padusa, ae, f., a channel of the Po. Peean, anis, m. a name of Apollo ; a religious or festive hymn.

Padanus,

f pale, es, f., wrestling. palea, ae, f., cJiaff; cocJc^s wattles.

palear, aris, N., dewlap, tJiroat. Pales, is, f., the deity of Cattle. Palici, orum, sons of Jupiter and
palilis, e,

paedagogium, f paedagogus, i,

i,

m., the

hofs

hall.

m., preceptor,hog^s

attendant, leader, guide, pedant.

peedidus, a, nva., filthy. paedor, oris, m., filth, stench. paegniarius, a, um, in play.

Thalia(^tna),honored in Sicily. of Pcdes ; n. pl., festival of Pcdes, the shepherd's feast. f palimpsestus, i, m., palimpsest (a parchment twice written).
Paliniirus. i, the pilot of palitans, tis, icancJering.
paliiirus,
i,

^neas.

paeminosus, a, um, chinJcy, uneven. paene (pene), cdmost.

pgeninsula, pcenula, se, paenulatus,
se, F.,
.,

m., CJirist-tJiorn.

palla,

ae, f.,

v^oman''^ mantle, rohe.

peninsula. cloak, mantle.

cloaJced.

a,

um,

paenuria=peniiria, poverty. paeonius, a, um, medicinal, liealing. Paestum, i, n., a town of Lucania, 40 miles S. E. of Naples. paetus (-ulus), a, um, hlinJcing, leering, cross-eyed.

Palladius, a, um, of Pcdlas (Minerva) N., her image at Troy. Pallanteus, a, um, of Pcdlas, son of Evander.. pallens, tis, wan, pcde, evil.
;

-esco, 3, to he pale, palleo, ui, 2 sicl-en (with fear or desire). palliatus, a, um, cloaJced, clad.
;

pallidus (-ulus),
rustic, civic.

a,

nm., pcde, jxdlid.

paganus

(-icus), a,

um,

Pagasaeus, a, um, of Pagasa, in Thessaly puppis, tJie Argo. pagatim, hi/ districts.
;

palliolatim, in a mantle. pallium (-olum), i, N., cover, cloaJc, mantle (a Grecian garment).
pallor, oris, M., paleness,
ness, terror.
unsigJitli-

pagina

(-ella),

ae,

F.,

jf^a^/e,

lcaf,

slah, hooJc,

garden-hed.

pallula,

ae, F., little cloaJc.

paginatus, a, um, planJced. pagus, i, m., country-district, canton.

pala,
ae, f.,

palma,

spade,

sJiovel.

Palaemon, onis, a sea-god, son

of Ino (Melicerta). Paleestina, se, F., Palestine. Palaestinus, a, um, of Palestine; also, of PalcESte, a port of Epithe world to rus, entrance

palm, hand, oar-hlade, pcdm-wreath, date. palmaris, e, hand' s-hreadtJi, meriting tJie pabn. palniarius, a, um, of tJie palm; N.,
se, F.,

prize, fee.

palmatus, a, um, marJced witJi figure of tJie pcdrn. palmes, itis, M., vine-hrancJi.

tJie

below

deae,

tJie

Furies.

palmetum,
palmeus,
a,

i,

m., pahn-grove.
Jiand^s hreadih.

f., wrestling-place. f palaestra, ae,

um,

134
palmifer
iny,

palmifer

papilio.
ae, M.,
i,

(ger), era, um, palm-bearahoundiru/ in palnis. palmipe.3, pedis, Jiat-footed. palmo, I io niarh wil/i the palm.
,

1 pandectes, pandiculor,

repertory.
one^s seif.

to stretch

palmo3US,
palnis.

a,

um,

ahounding

in

Pandion, onis, myth. k. of Atliens, f of Progne and Philomena. pando, I, to hend, curve. pando, di, sum (passum), 3, to
spread, open, expand, reiate.

palmula, ae, palm, date, oar-Uade. palmus, i, m., palm, span.

a city of E. Syria. palo, I, to support with stakes. palor, I, to wander, straij. palpatio, oais, .,Jiatterij, coaxing. paipator, oris, m.., jiatterer.
ae,

Palmyra,

Pandora, ae, the made by Vulcan.

pandiira,

first

woman,

ae, F., rei)ec

or banjo.

palpebra, palpsbro,

ae, F., eyeiid,

i,

eyeiash.

to winJc, biink.

pandus, a, um, beiU, crooked. f panegyricus, a, um, laudatory. Pangaeus, i, m. a, orum, n., a mountain of Thrace. pango, nxi (pegi, pepigi), nct;

pant, trembie. palpo (or), I, to stroke, caress, coax. palpus, i, N. (um, n.), stroking, caressiag,Jiattering. paliidamentum, i, n., a miiitary
io ihrob,
;

palpitatio, palpito, I,

oiiis, F., throhbing.

(pact-),

3,

fasten, Jix, contract.

ioaf.

paniceus, a, um, q/' bread ; N., panicula, se, F., tuft, sweiling.

panicum,
panis,

i,

m., panic, miiiet.

a,

Panionius,

is, m.,

um, of all lonia. bread, ioaf iump.

clouk, a generaPs cioak.

paludatus, a, um, cioaiced. paludester, tris, niarsiiy. paludosus, a, um, marsliy, boggy.

pannarius, a, um, of cioth. panniculus, i, m., rag. Pannonia, se, f., North Turkey.

pannosus
;

(-iiceus), a,

um,

ragged,

palumbes, is,
-a, ae, f.,

c.

-us (-ulus),

i,

m.

shrivelied.

loood-pigeon.
a,

pannus
prop.
night.

(-ulus),

i,

m., cioth, rag, bag.

palumbinus,
palus,
i,

um, of pigeons.
N., stake,

fpannychius,

a,

um,

iasting

aii

M.

-um,

paliis, iidis, f., marsh,

swamp.

paluster,
f

tris, e,
i,

marshy.
m., boxing-maicii.
F.,

pammaolium,
ae,

Pamphylia,

coast-dist. of
a, VLVQ., fuii

a southern Asia Minor.

-atus),
ieaves or tendriis.

pampineus (-aceus, -arius,

of

pampino, i, to trim, ciip (vines). pampinosus, a, um, ieafy, branchy. pampinus, i, M., tendrii, vine-ieaf.
[fpan-,
ali-.

Palermo (in f., i, northern Sicily). pansa, ae, splay-foot. pansus, [pando,] outspread. Pantheon, i, N;, temple of all the gods, built by Agrippa, B.c. 27. fpanthera, ae, .,panther. pantherinus, a, um, spotted, crafty. pantices, f., boweis, sausages. Panthiis (ous), i, voc, u, nephew
of Hecuba, priest of Apollo.

Panormus,

Pan, Pano3, god of Sliepherds. fpanacea, ae, f. -ces, is, N. panax, acis, m., cure-aii.
;

pantomimus,
;

i,

M.

-a, se, f., bai-

iet-dancer, jyaniomime.

panucla=panicula,
!

tuft.

panarium (-olum),
i)asket.

i,

n.,

bread-

Panathenaious, a, um, of the Athenian festival of Pallas. fpancarpus (-ius), a, um, of ali
fruiis.

panus, i, m., bohhin, tiimor. f papce strange ! indeed! papaver, eris, n., poppy. Paphlago, onis, a native of Paphlagonia, in N. Asia Minor.

Paphos
Venus,

(-us),

i,

f.,

city

of

Panchaia, ae, f., a dist. of Arabia. t pancratium, i, n., box Sc wrestle.

in Cyprus.

papilio, onis, m., butterjiy, paviiion.

papilla
papilla,
ge, f., hreast, teat,

Parthus.
parietalis, e;
ivalls
:

135
-tarius, a,
f., ruins.

pimple.

um, of

Papirius Cursor, dictator, b.c. 338. pappas, se, m., governor, tutor. pappo, I, ent (pap). f pappus,i, M., oldman,grandfather. papula, se, f., piniple. papyrius (-aceus), a, ura, ofpapyrus.
i, M., paper-reed, paper. par, paris, equaJ, just, fit, comrade, match, mate ; N., a pair. parabilis, e, easy to get. f parabola, ae, F., comparison. f paradisus, i, m., park, paradise. f paradoxus, a, um, strange, con-

F.^ pellitory (an herb).

parietinae,
parilis,
e,

arum,

equal, like.

papyrus,

pario, I, equalize, halance accounts. pario, peperi, parit- (part-), 3, to produce, effect, hring forth. Paris, idis, a son of Priam, the abductor of Helen. Parisii, orum, a people on the Seine (northern Gaul). pariter, equally, alike, together. parito, I, to get ready. Parius, a, um, of Paros, an I. in the ^gean, famous for marble.

tradicton/.

fparasitus, i, m., guest, parasite. -stata, ae, f., fparastas, adis

;

parma, ae, f., round shield, target. Parma, ae, f., a city of N. Italy. parmatus, a, um, armed ivith targets.
parniula,
ae, F., little shield.

pilaster.

parate,

ivith

preparation, vigilanthj,

Parnasus

proinptlg.

paratio, onis, F., getting, procuring. paratus, [paro,] ready, equipped. -tura, se, F., paratus, iis, m. preparation, equipment. Parcae, arum, f., the Fates, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. parce, sparingly.
;

i, m., a mt. in Delphi, sacred to Apollo and the Muses. paro, I, prepare, get ready, procure ; make equal, determine. f paro, onis, m., a light ship, cutter.

(-ssus),

Phocis, above

fparocha, ae, f parochus, i,

f.,

supply.

M., purveyor, host.

parci-(parsi-)m6nia,

ee, F.,

thrift.

f parcecia, ce, f, district, parish. f paropsis, idis, f., dessert-dish.

parcipromus,

i,

m., niggard.

parra,

se, f.,

owl or ivoodpecker (?).

parcitas, atis, F., sparingness. parciter, sparingly.

parco, peperci (parsi), parcit-,

to

3,

spare, refrain, forhear.

Parrhasius, a, um (of Parrhasia), Arcadian: dea, Carmenta, the mother of Evander. parricida, ee, c, parricide, traitor,
murderer, assassin. i, N., murder, ireason. pars, partis, f., part, share, portion,

parcus,

um, frugal, sparing, a, chary, scanty, petty, parsimonious. fpardalis, is,F. ;-dus,i, M ,panther.
paregoria, ae, F., relief ease. parelion, i, N., mock-sun. parens, [pareo,] tis, ohedient
f
f

parricidium,

partip ojftce, duty, region.

pl.,

sidgects.

parens,

tis,

c, [pario,] parent,
e,

ancestor, kindred, author, inventor.

parentalis,

of parents ; N.

pl.,

festival in their honor.

parento,
pareo,

i,

to sacrifice

forthe dead,

parsimonia, ae, F., thrift. Parthaon, 5nis, myth. k. of Calydon, father of CEneus. Parthenius, a, um, of Parthenius, a mountain of Arcadia. Parthenon, onis, m., the temple of Pallas, in Athens. Parthenope, es, a Syren Naples.
;

avenge (by blood),

ui, parit-,
;

ato7ie.

2,
is

appear, ohey,
clear.

suhmit

paret,

it

Parthi, orum, people of Parthia, the dist. near the Caspian Sea. Parthinus, a, um, of Parthus, a
city in Illyria.

parientia, se, f., ohedience. paries, etis, m., house-ivaU.

Parthus

(-icus), a, vim.,

farthian.

136

partiarius

patratio.
passivus,
I '

partiarius, a, um, partaking in share.s or jmrtnership. particeps, cipis, partakiny ; m.,

sharer, parl7ier.

a.

um, [pando,]
;

sp^^ead

aboui,promiscuous [patior,] sw/fering, passive

-ve, passively.

participatus, us, m. -tio, onis, F., -cipium, i, n., shariitg, pariaking. participo, i, io share, pariake, im;

passus, [patior,] having suffered [pando,] spread (to dry) n.,

;

raisin-tvine.

part, participate.

particula, ae, particularis,

f., hit, particle.

e, pariial.

particulatim, piecemeul.
partilis, e, divisible.

partim, parth/, principalhj.

partio, onis,
F,,

passus, us, M., siep,pace (five feet) mille passuum, a mile. pastillus, i, M. um, n., litile loaf pastinaca, ae, ., parsnejy, carrot. pastinatum, i, n., trenched ground. pastino, i, to dig and trench. pastinum, i, n., a garden-fork,
;

hringing forth.

partio

(-ior), 4, divide, disirihute.

partite, metliodicalhj. partitio, onis, f., disiribution. partito, disirihuiively. partitor, oris, m., divider. partitudo, inis, f., hringing forih.

partitus, a, um, divided. parturio, 4, io he in lcd)or, yield. parturitio, onis, F., bringing-forth. partus, [pario,] ihat has borne. partus, lis, m., hirih, young. parum, not enough, little, too little. parumper, for or in a little while.

trenched hed. pastio, onis, f., pasturing, feeding. pastor, oris, M., herdsjnan, shepherd, keeper of animals. pastoralis, e -ius- (-icius), a, um, of shepherds, or lierdsmen. pastus, [pasco,] /ef/, having eaten. pastus, iis, M., food, pasture.
;

f patagium,

i,

m., edge, border.

Patara,

ae, f.,
i,

a port of Lycia.

Patavium,
pate-facio,
patella,

n.,

Padua, N.

Italy.

lay open, expose. patefactus, a, um, convicted.

3,
ae, f., dish, plate, platler.

parve,

sUghtly.

parvi, of small value. parvitas, atis, F., smallness. parvulum, uot much. parvus (-ulus), a, (minor, minimus), smaU, Hiile, peiiy. Parsargadae, arum, the old Persian capital. pascalis, e, grazing

patens, tis, open, wide. patenter, manifesiiy. pateo, ui, 2 -esco, 3,

;

to

lie

open,

exiend, be manifest, or accessihle.

um

pater, tris, m., faiher, ancestor. patera, ae, f., bowl, saucer. pater-familias, head of a house.

paternus,
patibilis,

a,

um, faiherly,

native.

fpatetae, arum, a kind ofdate.

e, en<hirahle, sensiiive.

pasceolus,

i,

m., wallet.

pascito, I, io pasture, feed. pasco, pavi, past-, 3, io feed, feast,

cherish
;

patibulatus,

a,

um,

pilloried.

patibulum,

i,

n., gihhet, pillory.

P.,

pasture, graze.

pascuus, a, um, of grazing, pasture. Pasiphae, es, (all-shining,) myth. d. of Hehos, wife of Minos. passarius, a, um, [pando,] sundried.

patiens, tis, paiient, enduring. patienter, paliejdly. patientia, se, f., paiience, forhearance, sidgeciion, suhmissiveness.

passer, eris, m., sparrow ; marinus,

osirich, iurhot.

passerculus, i, M.;-a,

ae, Y.,pet hird. passibilis, e, capable of suffering. passim, here and there, at random. passio, onjs, f., suffering, affection.

patina, ae, F., dish, pan. patinarius, a, um, siewed. patior, passus, 3, suffer, endiire, permii, receive (good or ill). pator, oris, m., opening. Patrensis, e, of Pairce, an ancient town of Achaia. patratio, onis, F., accomplishing.

patrator
patrator, oris, m., effecter. patratus,a, um, effective, appointed.
patria,
1
ae, f.,

pecus.

137

native land, liome.

(es), ae, m.,

patriarcha

patriarch.

patrice, paleniaUy, fatkerly. patriciatus, us, n., patrician rank.

pauso, I, cease, pause. pauxillatim, hy degrees. pauxillus (-ulus)=paucus, small. pavefacio, fact-, 3, terrify. paveo, pavi, 2 -vesco, 3, -vito,
;

patricida=parricida, jyarricide. patricius, a, um, of nohle rank

M.
pl.,

fear, dread, he afraid. pavibundus, a, um, anxious.

I, to

patricians.

a, um, fatherly. patrimonium, i, n., inheritance. patrimus, a, um, with a father

patricus,

pavicula, ae, f., a rammer. pavide, timorously. pavidus, a, wxa., fearful, timid.

pavTmento,
pavio,

to
i,

pavimentum,
pavo, onis
peacock.
;

n.,

pave. pavement.
tt-ainple.

lihiny.

4, to heat,

ram,
i,

patrisso, i, he Uke thefather. patritus, a, nm, q/ one^sfathers. patrius, e, of a father or fathers, or native land, hereditary. patro, I, to appoint, effect, perform. patrocinium, i, n., defence, patronage, pleading in court.

-us,

m., peacock.

pavonaceus

(-ninus), a,

um, of a

pavor, oris, M., fear, dread. pax, pacis, f., peace, quiet, favor. paxillus, i, M., a Uttle peg. peccans, tis, c, offender.

patrocinor, i, defend, patronize. Patroclus, i, friend of Achilles, slain by Hector. patrona, ae, f., rnistress, protectress. patronatus, us, m., patronsliip. patronus, i, M., patron, protector,
advocate, defender. patruelis, e, kindred, cousin. patruus, i, n., uncle (father's side) an austere adviser. patulus, a, um, oj)en, spreading. pauci, ee, a.,feio; n., afeiv words.

peccatum,
,

i,

n.

-tus,

us,

m.,

fault, offence.

pecco, I to sin, offend, fail. pecorosus, a, um, rich in cattle. pecten, inis, m., comh, card, reed,
quiU (of lyre), scallop.

pectinatim, comh-Uke. pecto, pexi, pex- (pectit-), 3 -tino

;

comh, card, heckle. pectoralis, e, of the hreast.

I, to

paucies, rarely. paucitas, atis, .,fewness.

pectorosus, a, um, hroad-hreasted. pectus, oris, N., hreast, heart._ pecu, cua, cui, pl., cuda, n., cattle. pecuarius, a, um, of cattle; f.,
cattle-hreeding
;

um, Uttle, few. hy Uttle. paulisper, /o?' a short time. paulo (paullo), hy a little. paululus, a, um, very little. paulus (paullus), a, um, Uctle. pauper, eris, poor, scanty.
paucus
(-ulus), a,
little

N., pl. herds.

paulatim,

pecuinus, a, um, brutish. peculator, oris, m., peculator. peculatus, iis, m., emhezzlement.
peciiliaris, e, one's own, pecidiar. peciiliariter, as private property. peculiatus, a, um, provided.
I, givefor one^s oion. peculiosus, a, um, wealthy. peciilium, i, n., property, savings. peculor, I, to pectdate, emhezzle. peciinia, se, f., iveaUh, money. peciiniarius, a, um, of money.

pauperculus,
pauperies,

poor. poverty, injury. paupero, i, impoverish, roh. paupertas, atis, f., poverty, need.
a, ei, f.,

um,

peciilio,

pausa,

ae, f.,

pause, check.
vic-

Pausanias, a Spartan king

tor at Plataea, b.c. 479.

pausarius, i, M., rowing-master. pausatus. a, um, al rest. pausea, ae, f., a kind of olive.

pecuniosus, a, um, rich. pecus, oris, n., cattle, fiock. pecus, iidis, f., one of the herd or fiock, a sheep.

138
pedalis, e
;

pedalis

penitus.
pellicatus, us, m., concuhinage.
pellicio, lexi, lect-, away, decoy.
3,

-arius, a, um, of a foot. pedameii, inis (-mentum, ij n.,

;

entice,

win

stale, proj).

pedaneus,
pedarius,

a,

a,

um, foot-long. um, ofthefoot

M., pl.,

unregisteredsenators\N\i\\o\xtYOte.

pedatim, pedatus,
pedes,

/oo/ hy foot.

us, m., attack

m.,

on

foot.

itis,

one on foot, footonfoot, on land,

soldier ; pl., infantry, land-force.

pedester,
level,

tris, tre,

pellicius, a, um, ofskins. pellio, onis, M.,furrier. pellis, is -icula, ee, f., skin, tent. pellitus, a, um, clad i?i skins. pello, pepuli, puls-, 3, beat, drive, strike, conquer, expel, touch, affect. pelliiceo, xi, 2, shine through. pelliicidus, a, um, transparent,
;

plain.
step
h)/ step.

glittering.

pedetentim,
;

pelluo=perluo, wash

off.

pedica, ee, f., sJiackle, snare. pedis, is -iculus, i, m., louse. pediculus, i, M.,footstalk.

Pelopeus (-eius), a, um, of Pelops. Pelopidae, arum, descendants of

Pelops.

pedisequus,
peditatus,

i,

M., -a, ae, m., infantry.

f., fol-

Peloponnesus,

lower, attcndant, footman.

iis,

pedo,

to set

on foot, prop.

i, f., the peninsula of southern Greece. Pelops, 5pis, son of Tantalus, father of Atreus and Thyestes.

pedum,

pediilis, e, oftliefeet; N., sole. i, N., shephercTs crook.

Pelorus,
Sicily.

f peloris, idis, f., giant-mussel. i, m., promont. of N.

E.

Pegasus,

the winged horse of the Miises.

i,

f pelta, ae, f., light shield.

f pegma, atis, N.,fixture, hook-case, staf/e-machinery.

pejero, i, to swear falsely. pejor, us, [malus,] icorse.

pelagius (-icus), a, um, of f pelagus, i, n., sea,Jlood.

the sea.

peltatus, a, um, armed tcith pelta. Peliisium, i, n., a town at the E. mouth of the Nile. pelvis, is, im, i, f., hasin. penarius, a, um, for provisions
F., closet, larder.

Pelasgi, orum, a primitive people of southern Europe. Pelasgus, a, um, Grecian. Peleus, ei (eos), myth. k. of Thessaly, father of Achilles. Pelias, 86, myth. k. of Thessaly, son of Neptune and Tyro, slain

penates, ium, household gods, home.

pendens, tis, hanging, pending. pendeo, pependi, 2, hang, he

pendo, pependi, pens-,
3,

in suspense, depend, float, overhang.

iveigh,

pay, ponder, esteem, atone. pendulus, a, um, hanging, lofty.

by Medea.
Pelides, ae, [Peleus], Achilles. Pelion, i, n., a mt. of Thessaly.

pene=paene,
Penelope,
penes,

almost.

es, wife of

Ulysses.

nnth, in the

power of

Pelius (-acus),

a,

um, of Pelion.

[pell-,=perl-. Pella, ae, a town of Macedonia, birtliplace of Alexander. pellacia, ae, f., hUmdishment. pellax, acis, sediictive.

penetrabilis, e,penetrahle, piercing. penetralis, e, inivard, penetrating ; N. pl., inmost, sanctuary.

penetro,

i,

enter, pierce.

Peneus,

a river of Thessaly flowing through Tempe.

a,

um,

pellego=perlego, read through.

pellectus, [pellicio,] enticed. Pellene, es, f., a coast-town of Achaia, on the Gulf of Corinth. pellex, icis, f., concubine.

penicillum

(-culus),
lint.

i,

N.,

hrush,

painter's penci/,

peniculamentum, i, n., penitus, a, um, imoard ;

penitus, inwardly,

train.

remote.

utterly.

penna
penna,
ae,

peremptorius.
perceptio, onis,
f.,

139
gathering
in.

F.,feather, icing^pimiacle.
(-ifer,

pennatus

-iger),

a,

um,

feathered, ivingcd.

Penninus, a, um, of the W. Alps. pennula, ae, f., little wing. pennus, a, um, pointed, sharp*.
pensatio, onis,
f., weighing. pensilis, e, hanging, pendent. pensio, 6nis,F. ,pagment, tax, rent. penso (-sito, i), weigh, pay, ponder.

perceptus. [-cipio,] received. percido, cidi, cis-, 3, heat, crush. percio, 4 -cieo, 2, sttr up, excite.
;

percipio, cepi, cept-,

get, perceive,

3,

take up,

understand. percisus, [cido,] hroken. percitus, [cieo,J slirred, exciled.

percolo, I, strain,filter. percolo, colui, cult-, 3,

adorn, revere. percontatio, onis,
f.,

coinplete,

pensum,

i,

n., task, duty, stress.

pensus, [pendo,] loeighed, esteemed. Pentelicus, i, m., a mt. near Athens,

f penteris,
its marble. Jive-banked galley. Penthesilea, ae, queen of Amazons. Pentheus, ei, myth. k. of Thebes, gr.-son of Cadmus, torn to pieces by his mother and sisters in a Bacchic frenzy.

inquiry.

percontor

i,

inquire, investigate.

celebrated for

is, f.,

percrebresco, crebui, 3, spread, pi-evail, grow frequent. perculsus, [-cello,] struck doivn.
per-curro, 3, run through, traverse. percursio, onis, f., hasty view. percussio, onis, f., heating, striking. percussor, oris, m., striker, slayer. percutio, cussi, cuss-, 3, to strike,
pierce,
kill,

penula=paenula,

cloak.
stores.

penuria, ae, f., want, need. penus, us (i), m., provision,

deceive.

jpeplum,

i,

N., rohe (of Pallas).

fpepo, onis,

m.,

pumpkin.

per, through, througfiout, during, hy. [per-, thoroughly, very. f pera, se, f., hag, ivallet. peracer, cris, e, very sharp. peracesco, cui, 3, get very sour. peraciitus, a, um, very keen. Persea, se, F., a dist. of Caria. peraeque, equally, on an average.

perdite, desperately, incorrigihly. perditus, [perdo,] ruined, desperate. perdiu,/or a long time. perdius, a, um, all day long. perdix, icis, c, jmrtridge.

perdo, didi,

dit-,

3,

destroy,

lose,

ruin, squander.

perdoceo,
oughly.

ui,

ct-,

2,

teach thor-

perdolesco,

ui, 3, grieve greatly.

i,

perdomo,
perduco,

ui, it-,

conquer, crush.

peraequo,
peragito,

i, i,

make

equal,Jill.

xi, ct-, 3, hring through,

drive, harass.

cover, persuade, conduct, protract.

perago,

egi, act-, 3, drive on, carry through, Jinish, complete, relate.

i,

perdiidum, very

long ago.

peragro,

traverse, ivander.
i,

perduellio, onis, f., treason. perduellis, is, m., puhlic enemy.

perambulo,

ramhle through. um, very narroiv. peraro, i, plough through, furrow. peratim, hy hags. perbene, very loell. perbibo, bibi, bibit-, 3, drink in. perbito, ti, 3, go through, perish. percallesco, lui, 3, groivveryhard. percelebro, i, to practise or utter

perduim,
vour.

pr. sub.

perangustus,

a,

peredo, edi,

es-, 3,

of perdo, destroy. consume, de-

peregre

(-gri),

ahroad, from ahroad.

peregrinatio, onis, F., travel. peregrinitas, atis, F., alienage. peregrinor, i, travel, he ahroad. peregrinus, a, um, foreign, alien,
strange.

offen.

peremnis,

e,

of

river-crossing.
3, destroy.

percello, culi, culs-, 3, sirike, cast down, overthroiv, destroy. percenseo, ui, 2, reckon up, survey.

peremo

(perimo),
a,

peremptorius,
final, fatal.

um,

decisivey

140

peremptus

permultas
Pergamum,
i; -a, orum, n., th citadel of Troy, Troy. pergo, perrexi, rect-, 3, proceed. pergula, ae, F., stall^ prSjection.

peremptus, [perimo,] destro;ied. perendie, dan after to-morrow. perendinus, a, um, after to-morrow. perennis, e, [annus,] constant, iastlastinr/, perenniaL perennitas, atis, f., duration.

perhibeo

perhorresco,

ui, it-, 3, holdforth, say ui, 3, shudder at.

perenno,

i,

preserve or

last long.

perenticida, ae, m., cutpurse. pereo, ii (ivi), it-, 4, pass, perish,

pine, be ruined, spent.

Pericles, is, the leading statesmai of Athens, from b.c. 469-429. periclitor, i, try, risk, be in peril.

perequito, i, ride througli. pererro, i, wander through, survey. pereaus, [edo,] consunied. perexiguus, a, um, verij little. perfabrico, i, use up, overreach.
perfacilis,
e, ver/j

periculose, icith peril. periculosus, a, um, perilous.

periculum, i, n., danger, hazard. peridoneus, a, um, icell-Jitted. perimo, emi, empt-, 3, to destroy
ruin, hinder.

easy, or courteous.

perfecte, completely., perfectio, onis, f., finish. perfectus, a, am.finished, complete. perfero, tuli, lat-, carry through, convey, complete, endure. perficio, feci, fect-, 3, to Jinish,
accomplish. perfidia, se, f., treachery.

perinde, just so, so much. t periodus, i, m., period, circuit. f peristroma, atis, n., carpet, cur
tain.

perfidiosus, a, um, false, faithless. perfidus, a, um, treacherous, dangerous, perfidious.

perite, skilfully. peritia, ae, f., experience, skill. peritus, a, um, experienced, skilled perjiirium, i, n., perjury. perjiiro (pejero), i, swear falsely. perjiirus, a, \xm, j^erjured, false. perlabor, ps-, 3, glide through.

perfidus, a, um, tlioronghly perfigo, xi, xum, 3, pierce.

perflo,
I,

trusty.

perlatus, [fero,] borne. perlego, legi, lect-, to read through perlevis, e, very light, slight.

bloiv through.
3,

perfodio, fodi, foss-,

pierce, stab.'

dig through,

perlongus, a, um, very long, tedious perluo, ui, utum, 3, loash off.
perlustro,
i,

traverse, survey.

perforo,

i,

jnerce, perforale.

pei"fractus, [-fringo,] shattered. perfrico, cui, cat- (ct-), i, to rub.

permagnus, a, um, very great. permaneo, nsi, ns-, 2, endure, stay permano, i,Jloiv through,penetrate
pernieo, i, p^ass ihrough, traverse. permetior, mensus, 4, to measure
traverse.

perfringo, fregi, fract-,

burst through, infringe. perfuga, ae, m., deserter.

3,

shatter,

perfugio,
Jlee
to,

fiigi, fugit-,

3,

to desert,

tate refuge.
i,

permetuens, tis, greatly fearing. permisceo, scui, xt (st-), 2, mix

confuse, confound.

perfugium,

n., shelter, refuge.

perfunctio. onis, f., performing. perfunctorius, a, um, negligent. perfundo, fudi, ins-, 3, pnur over,
bafhe, steep, bestrew, imbue.

permissio, onis, f., permission. permitto, misi, miss-, 3, hurl,

go, let loose, permit.

le,

permixtus,

a,

um,

mingled, con-

perfungor, funct-,
through
ivith.

3,

perform, get

fused, disturbed.

perfuro, ui, 3, to rage on. perfusug, [fundo,] drenched.

permodestus, a, um, very modest. per-moveo, 2, to stir greatly, excite, permulceo, si, sum, 2, to stroke.
soofhe, soften, appease.

Pergamenus, a, um, of Pergamum, a city of Mysia f.; parchjnent.

;

permultus,

a,

um,

very many.

permunio
permunio,
4, forlifij throughout.
F.,

perstringo.
perrepto,
i,

141

exckange. permufco, i, to change, exchange. perna, ae, f haunch, hani, hutt.

permutatio, onis,

perrumpo,

crawl through. rupi, rupt-, 3, hreak OY force through, overcome.

pernego,
pernicies,

i,

deny
a,

steadily.

Persa, ee, mother of Circe and Pasiphae.

Persae, arum, Persians. persaepe, very often.

ei, f., ruin,

damage.
ruinous,
agility,

perniciosus,
structive.

um,
F.,

de-

pernicitas, atis,
ness, jieetness.

swift-

perscribo, psi, ptum, 3, write in full, note down, descrihe.

perscriitor,
i,

search through.
cut out, dissect.

perniciter, nimhly.

perseco, cui,
quite too

ct., i,

pernimius,
pernix,

a,

um,

much.

Persephone, es=Proserpina.
effect,

icis, swift, active, fleet.

sf.udy

persequor,
Psrses,
ae,

pernocto, i, stay cdl night. pernosco, novi, not-, 3, to

ciitus, 3, chase, pursue, take vengeance on.

k.

of Macedonia, de-

or examine thoroughly. pernotesco, notui, 3, get known. pernox, noctis, lasting all night. pero, 5nis, M., hoot, buskin. Pero, onis, sister of Nestor. perodi, osus, hate utterly. peroratio, onis, f., tlie close (of a speech), peroration. peroro, i, plead throughout, finish.

feated, b.c. 146. Perseus, ei (eos),

son of Jupiter

and Danae, who slew the Gorgon, and rescued Andromeda.

perseverantia, ee, f., constancy. persevere, very strictly. persevero, i, persist, persevere. Persia, ae Persis, idis, the country eastward of Syria, Persia. persicus, a, um, (Persian), luxu;

perosus, a, um, utterly hateful. perpastus, a, um, ivell-fed.

perpello, puli, puls-,
urge, constrain,
3,

rious.

to

drive,

push
i,

violently.

perpendiculum,
perpendo,
di,

m.,

a plummet,
loeigh, con-

persido, sedi, sess-, 3, settle. persoUa, dim. of persona, mask. persolvo, solvi, solut-, 3, to release
or pay persona,
in full.
se, f., mask, character (in a play), person. personatus, a, um, masked, as-

piumb, perpendicular.

sum,

3,

sider, poise, deliberate.

perperam, wrongly, falsely.

perpes, etis, perpetual, entire. perpessio, onis, f., enduring. perpetior, pessus, 3, to endure. perpetro, i, effect, accomplish. perpetuitas, atis, F., continuity. perpetuo, i, to make perpetual.

sumed,fictilious.

persono,

ui, it-,

i,

io resound,

make

sound, cry aloud.

perspecte, perspecto,

intelligently.
i, to

look at or through.
wet.

j^erspectus,

perpetuo

(-um), constantly. a, um, unbroken, constant, general, lohole, perpetual. perplexe, confusedly, ohscurely. perplexus, a, um, intrica/e, con-

um, evident. perspergo, si, sum, 3, sprinkle,

a,

perpetuus,

perspicax, acis, sharp-sighted, keen.

perspicio, exi, ect-,
3, look or see through, examine, ascertain.

fused, ohscure, perplexed. perpluo, 3, to rain through. perpusillus, a, um, very little. perquiro, sivi, sit-, 3, to seek
gently, examine. perquisiter, accurately. perrarus, a, um, very rare.

perspicue, clearly. perspicuus, a, um,

clear, manifest.

transparent,

dili-

perspiro, i, breathe everywhere. persto, stiti, stat-, i, stand fast. perstrepo, ui, it-, 3, resound. perstringo, nxi, ct-, 3, hind, graze
against, hlunt, reprove, touch on.

142
persuadeo,
si,

persuadeo
sum,
2,

phala.
pervigilo,
i, io

persuade,

waich

all night.

co)uunce, ])reciul on. persuasio, onis, f. ; -sus, us, m., persuasion, conviction. persulto, I, leap or skip about.

pertsedet, it utterlij wearies. pertego, xi, ct, 3, cover thorouglily. pertendo, di, sum, 3, carry on, go
foricard.

3, thoroughly conque); p)'evail, maintain. pervius, a, passable, pervious. pervolito, i,fiit through. pervolo, i,fly about, dart through. pervolo, velle, volui, icish greatly.

pervinco, vici, vict-,

pervorto=perverto, 3, iur)i aiory. pervulgatus, a, um, very commo)i,

icell-known.

pertento, i, try, test, seize. pertenuis, e, very thin or weak. pertergeo, si, sum, 2, wipe, rub. perterreo, ui, it-, i, terrify.

pervulgo,

I,

spread abroad, make

sail).

co))imon, haunt, frequoit.

pes, pedis, M.,foot; sheet (of

pertexo, xui, xt,

pertica,

3,

fnish.

pessimus,
pessulus,

a,
i,

um, [malus,]
;

loorse.

se, f., jwle, stajf.

M.

-um,

i,

n., bolt.

pertimesco, mui,
pertinacia,
ae, f.,

3,

dread greatly. ohstinacy, firm-

pessum,
ish
;

to the botloni; to ruin,

ire, to

per-

dare,

wido.

ness, j)erti)iacity.

pestifer, era,

um,

pestUential.

pertinaciter, stubhornly.

pertinax, a.cis,firm, unyielding. pertineo, ui, 2, reach, belong, apply. pertingo, 3, extend. pertractate, elaborately. pertracto, i, toiich, handle. pertraho, xi, ct-, 3, drag, draw.

pestilens, tis, noxious, unwholesome. pestilentia, ae, f,, jolague, pestiloice.

pestis,

is, F.,

iion, ruin,

plague, pesi, destruchane.

petaso
pork).

(io), onis, m., shoulder (of

pertundo, tudi,

tus, 3, beat, thrust

petasus,
petigo,
petitio,

i,

m.,

h-oad-hinimed cap.
spring-board.
request, scab, eruption.

through, peiforate. perturbatio, onis, F., disturbance. perturbo, i, disturb, confuse. pertiisus, [tundo,] pierced.

petaurum,

i,N., stage,

ini.s, f.,

soliciting

onis, f., attack, of office.

periiro, ussi, ust-,

hijla)ne, jrnrch

perungo, unxi, unct-, 3, besmear. hum, consume,

si,

petitor, oris, M., seeker, plaintiff.

peto,

ivi, it-, 3, seek,

aim

at,

attack,

pervado,
pervade,

with cold. sum, 3, pass through,

ask, deniaiui, sue for, solicit, fetch.

f petra, ee, f., rock,
cliff,

crag.

a)'rive.

pervagatus, a, um, idde-spread. pervagor, i, roani through, pervade. perveho, xi, ct-, 3, car)'y ihrough.
pervello,
i,

petrosus, a, um, rocky. petulans, tis, pert, saucy, wanion. petulanter, ioa)itonly. petulantia, ae, f., inipudoice, periness, ioanto)iness.

3, twitch,

rouse, revile.

pervenio, veni, vent-, 4, arrive. perverse, wro)igly. perversus, a, um, aiory, lorong. perverto, ti, sum, 3, turn aivry,
overthrow, ruhi, co)Tupt.

petulcus, a, um, apt to butt. f peuce, es, f., pitch-pine.

a, um, icoolly. PhaBacia=Corcyra ( ?). appearance. t phaenomenon, i, n.,

pexus,

pervestigo,

i,

track, examine.

perviam,

accessible.

pervicacia, ae, f., obstinacy. pervicax, a.cis,fir))i, stubborn. pervideo, vidi, vis-, 2, examine,
view.

Phaethon, ontis, son of Helios (the Sun), and Clymene. Phsethonteus (-tius), a, um, of
Phaethon.

Phsethontias
Phaethon.

(-tis),

dis, sister of

pervigilium,

i,

m., night-watch.

phala=fala,

scaffold.

phalanga
f f

Picti.

143

phalanga,

ae, f., pole, roller.

phalaiix, gis,

F.,

solid square

(of

troops), plialaax.

Phalaris, tyrant of Agrigentum,

about

B.c. 550.

f phalerae,

arum,

f.,

medal, decora-

tion, ornaineht.

f phallus,i, M., f
f

a symbol of fertility.
tis, m., apparition.
f., quiver.

phantasma,

pharetra, ae, pharetratus,

quioer.
f

Phineus, ei (eos), myth. king of Thrace, struck with bhndness and tormented by tlie Harpies. fPhlegethon, ontis, the fiery river of Hades. Phlegraeus, a, uni, of Phlegra, in Macedonia, wliere the giants were struck with Hghtning. f phoca, ae (-e, es), f., seal, sea-dog. Phocaea, ae, a town of lonia,
mother-city of Massalia. Phocis, idis, f., a dist. of northern Greece. Diana, sister of Phcebe, es, Phoebus (the Moon). Phoebus, i, m., Apollo, the Sun. Phoenice, es, F., Phoeiiicia, Syria. Phoenissa, se, f., a Phoenician

a,

um,

hearing

the

pharmaceutria, se, F., sorceress. Pharnaces, k. of Pontus, defeated by Coesar, b.c. 46. Pharsalus, i, F., a town in Thessaly, famous for the defeat of

Pompey,

b.c. 48.

Pharos, i, f., an island near Alexandria Ught-house. f phaselus, i, m,, kidneij-hean.

;

woman.
Phoenix, pL, ices, Phoenician. f phoenix, icis, m., phoenix, a fabulous bird.

Phasianus

(-acus), a,

um;

as, adis,

of the Phasis ; m., a pheasant. Phasis, idis (idos), m., a city and
river in Colchis.

Phorcus,

Pheneos.i,

f., a town of Arcadia. Pherae, arum, a city of Thessaly. Phidias, an Athenian sculptor, B.c. 4B8-432. Philaeni, orum, two Carthaginian brothers, buried alive on the

i, son of Neptune, a sea-god, father of Medusa. (iight-hringer), f Phosphorus, i, m. the Morning Star. Phrixus, son of Athamas, borne to Colchis by the ram of the

Cyrenian
Philippi,

frontier.

orum, m., a city of Macedonia. where Brutus and Cassius were defeated, b.c. 42.
f.
;

golden fleece. Phryges, um, the Phrggians. Phrygia, se, f., the central dist. of Asia Minor. Phrygius, a, um, Phrygian, Trojan. Phthia, ae, a town of Thessaly,
birthplace of Achilles.
f

Philippus, i, k. of Macedonia, of Alexander b.c. 382-336.

[f philo-,

phylacista se, m., jailer, dun. f physicus, a, um, 0/ science.

f

fond

of.

physis,

is, f.,

nature.

Philoctetes, se, 2l companion of Hercules, who received his poisoned arrows. learning or f philologus, a, um, of
scholarship.

piabilis,

e, expiahle. e,
i,

piacularis,

expiatory.

piaculum,

n., victim, sin-offering,

punisJiment, guilt, remedy.

piamen, inis

-mentum,

i,

N.,

an

Philomela, se, f., sister of Progne, changed to a nightingale. f philosophia, se, f., pMlosophy. f philosophor, i, philosophize. philosophic f philosophus, a, um,
M., philosopher.
f
f

atonement. pica, ee, f., magpie.

philyra,

ge, F.,
i,

iinden-hark.

phimus,

N., dice-hox.

picatus, a, um, pitchy. picea, 96, F., pitch-pine. Picenum, i, n., dist. of E. Italy. piceus, a, um, pitch-hlack. pico. I, dauh ivith pitch or tar. Picti, orum, people of N. Britain.

144
pictor, oris, M., painter.

pictor

pix.

painting, jjictu7'e. pictus, [piiigo,] painted, colored.

ae, f.,

pictiira,

picus, Picus,

i, i.

M., woodpecker.

pinniger, era, um, vnnged. pinso, si (sui), sum (tum, situm), 3, to powid, h7'uise. pinus, iis (i), f,, pine ; ship, to7'ch.
pio,
i,

mytli.

son of Saturn,

gr.-

p7'opitiate, expiate.

father of Latinus. pie, piousli/, kindhj.

Pierides, um, f., the Muses, daughters of Pieros, k. of Thessaly. pietas, atis, f., sense qf duty, piety,
ajfeclion, tenderness.

piper, eris, n., pepper. pipilo, I pipio, 4, chi7'p, whi^nper. pipio, onis, f., a nestVmg.
;

pipulum,

i,

n., chirping, outcry.

piger, gra, piget, uit,

um,
2, it
i,

grudging, dull, sad.

vexes, annoys.
f.,

Piraeeus, i, m., the port of Athens. t pirata, ae, m., jmate. t piraticus. a, um, of pirates ; f.,
piracy.

pigmentum,
,

a color, dye.

pignero, i, give in pledge, pawn. pigneror, i take as pledge. pignus, oris, n., pledge, stake, token^
pigre, hackwardly, sluggishly.
pigritia, ae
pila,
;

-es, ei, f., indolence.

ae, f., pillar,

mortar, pier.

a fount at Corinth. son of IxTon, king of Lapithae friend of Theseus. pirum, i, n., pear. pirus, i, F., pear tree. Pisa, ae, a city of EHs, made famous by the Olympic games.
f.,
i,

Pirene, es,
Pirithoiis,

pila (-ula), ae, f., hall. pilanus, a, um, of the third rank. pilatus, a, um, ciose, dense ; armed
with javelins.

arum, a city of Etruria, Pisa. Pisaurum, i, n., a town of Umbria. piscarius, a, um, offsh; M., fishPisae,
77ionger
;

f.,

fsh-nun-ket.

pileatus,

a,
i,

um,

capped, honneted.
n., cap.

pilentum,

n., carriuge.
;

pileus (-olus), i, m. -um,i, pilo, I, ram down, thrust.

piscator, oris, M.,fsher77ian. piscatorius, a, um, of fshe^-men. piscatus, iis, M.,fshing. piscina, ae, f., fish-po7id, pool.
piscis, is (-culus,
i),

pilo, I, make hare, pillage. pilum, i, N., pounder ; heavy javelin.

m., fish.

pilus, pilus,

i,
i,

M., hair.
M.,

rank of infantry.
;

Pimpleus, a, um, ofPimpla, a fount of Pieria f, (-eis, idos), Muse. f pinacotheca, ae, picture-gallery
.,

f pincerna, ae, m., cup-hearer. Pindarus, i, a Theban lyric poet,

522-482. Pindus, i, m., a mt. of Thessaly. pinetum, i, n., pine-ivood or grove. pineus, a, um, of pine; ., pinecone : pinea moles, ship. pingo, nxi, ct-, 3, j^aint, stain, emw.c.

piscor, I, catchfish. piscosus, a, um,fisJiy. Pisidia, ae, f., a southern district of Asia Minor. Pisistratus, i, tyrant of Athens, from A.D. 560-527. tpissinus, a, um, of pitch. pistillum, i, n. us, i, M., pestle. pistor, oris, m., miller, haker.
;

pistrina,

ae, f.,
i,

hake-house.

pistrinum,
pistris, is
;

n., m///, hakery.

-ix, icis, F., shark.

broider.

pistus, [pinso,] pou7ided, g7'ouud. pisum, i, N., pease. tpithecus, i, m. -ium, i, n., ape.
;

pinguesco,

3,

grow fat.

pinguis, e, fat, rich, dull, dense. pinguiter, fatly, stupidly. pinguitiido, inis, f., fatness. pinifer (-ger), era, um, pine-hea7-ing.

tpittacium, i, n., lahel. Pittheus, i, myth. king of Troezen, gr.-father of Theseus.

pituita, pius, a,
ae, f., sli77ie, phleg77i.

um

(compar. magis pius),

pinna

(-ula), ae, f., feather.

a,

pious, te7ider, reve7'ential.

I

pinnatus,

am, feathered, plumed.

pix, picis,

f., pitch.

placabilis
placabilis,
e,

poenalis.

145

mild, placable.

plebea=plebs, common people.

plebicola,
people.
ae, f.,

placate, (jentiij, calmly. placatio, oiiis, F., pacifying. placatus, a, um, soothed, calm. placenta, ae, f., cake. Placentia, ae, f., Piacenza, a city of N. Italy, on the Po.

flatterer

of

the

plebiscitum,

i, n., popular decree. plebs, plebis, f., the commojialty. plecto, xi (xui), xum, 3, to weave,

braid, interweaye.

placeo^ ui,

it-, 2,

please, satisfy.

plecto,
t
tl-ie

3,

placide, gently. placidus, a, um, mild, gentle.

plectrum,
lute).

punish (generally in p.). i, n., quill (for playing

placitum, i, n., opinion, decree. placitus, a,um, pleasing, acceptable. placo, I, sootlie, appease, reconcile. fplaga, ae, F., Uow, stroke.
plaga,
ae, f.,

Pleiades, daughters of Atlas (the

Seven

Stars).

region

; pl.,

snare, trap.

plagium, i, N., kidnapping. plagosus, a, um,/on(/ of flogging.

plagula, ae, F., curtain, sheet. planca, ee, f., board, plank. planctus, a, um, [plango,] beaten. planctus, iis, m., beating, icculing. plane, clearly, icholly, by cdl means. fplaneta, ae, m., planet. plango, nxi, nct-, 3, beat, bewail. plangor, oris, M., beating, wculing.
planities,
ei, f., level

plene, largely, thoroughly. plenus, a, um,fuU, laden, complete. plerus, a, um, plerusque (generally, plur.), very many, most. plexus, iis, m., twisting, weaving. plexus, [plecto,] ivoven. plico, ui (avi), it- (at-), i,fold. plodo=plaudo, applaud. ploratus, iis, m., lament.

plostrum=plaustrum,
pluit, pluvit,
it

cart.

rains.

pliima

(-ula), ee, f., feaiher,

down,

scale (of

armor).

surface, plain.

planta, ee, F., sprout, tivig ; sole. plantaris, e, of setting, for thefoot;
N., pl.,

pliimarius, a, um, of soft feathers. pliimatus, a, um, feathered.

plumbeus
plumbo,
I,

(ariusj,

a,

um,

oflead,

young

trees.

leaden, didl.
solder with lead.
i,

planus,
t

a,
i,

um,

even, level, clear.

t planus,

m., vagabond',

impostor.

plumbum,
pluo, plui

n., lcad.
a,

plasma,

atis, N., 7nould, image.

pliimeus (-osus),

nm, feathered.

plasticus,
Plataeae,

um, of moulding. arum, a city in Boeotia,

a,

(pliivi), 3, to rcdn. pliiries, often, severcd times.

for the defeat of the Persians, b.c. 479. platalea, se, f. spoonbill.

famous

plurimus,

a,

um, [multus,]

most.

fplatanus,

i,

F., plajie-tree.

broad way. Plato, onis, an Athenian philosopher, R.C. 430-348. plaudo, si, sum, 3, clap, applaud.
t platea, ae, F.,

plus, pliiris (gen. pL, ium), most. plusculus, a, um, rather more. pluteus, i, M., p)ent-house, parapet. Pliito, onis, god of the Lower

World.
i, god of Riches. pluvia, ae, f., rain. pluvialis, e -vius, a, um, ofrcnn.

Pliitus,

plausibilis,

a, praiseivorthy.

plausor, oris,

m., applauder.
N., cart, loaggon.

pluviosus,

a,

um,

rainy.

plaustrum,

i,

poculum,
tpodagra,

i,

N., cup, bowl.

plausus, [plaudo,] applauded.

ae, f.,

gout.
height.

plausus (plosus),

iis,

m., applause,

clapping, flapping. Plautus, a comic poet, B.c. 228. plautus, a, um, fat, broad. plebeius, a, um, plebeian, vulgar.

fpodium, i, n., balcony, t poema, atis, N., poem.

poena, ge, F., punishment.
poenalis,
e,

indemnity, penalty,

of penalty.

146

poenio

porcinus.
pomifer,
a,

poenitendus,

poenio=punio, punish. ^ a, um, hlamable.

Mm, fruit-bearing.
goddess of
Friiits.
a,

Pomona,
pomosus,
Jruit.

ge,

poenitens, tis, regretful, penitent. poenitenter, with regret. poenitentia, ae, f., repentance.
poenitet, uit,
2,
it

um,

ahounding in

displeases, repents.

pompa, ae, f,, Pompeius, i,

rival

procession, parade.

Poenus=Punicus,
f poesis, is, f., f poeta, ae, fpoeticus,
a,

Carthaginian. poetrg, poem.

f., poet.

um,

poetic

f.,

a Roman general, of Caesar, defeated at Pharsalus, B.c. 48. Pompilius, Numa, second king of Rome, B.c. 715-672.

poelrf/, the poetic art.

polenta,
polio,

ae, f., peai-l-barley.

4, polish,

adorn, rejine.

pompo, I, to perform ivith pomp. pomposus, a, um, stately,pompous. Pomptinus, a, um, of S. Latium.

polite, elegantbj. f politicus, a, um, of civil polity. politio, onis, F., polishlng. politus, a, um, accomplished, polite.

pomum,

i,

n., Jruit.

pollen, inis, n., Jine Jiour. pollens, tis, powerfal. pollenter, powerfully. polleo, ui, 2, he strong, prevail. pollex, icis, m., thumh. pollicaris, e, of a thumh. polliceor, itus, 2, promise. pollicitatio, onis, F., promise. pollicitor, I, promlse (freq.). pollinctor, oris, m undertaker. pollingo, nxi, nct-, 3, to prepare (a corpse) /or hurial.
,

ponderatus, a, um, well-weighed. pondero, i, iveigh, ponder. ponderosus, a, um, weighty, heavy. pondo, in ^veight ; a pound. pondus, eris, n., weight, mass, load. pone, hehind. pono, posui, posit-, 2,put,place, ahate, a/lay, assert, ojfer, surrender.

pons, pontis,
pontifex,

M., hridge,

gangway.

ficis, M.,priest,pontiJf.

pollis, inis=pollen, /?/ie y?oMr. polliibrum, i, N., wash-hasln.

polliiceo, xi,

ctum,

2,

ojfer (as

ponto, onis, m., punt, pontoon. f pontus, i, m., the deep sea. Pontus, i, m., the Black Sea ; also, a dist. on its southern shore. popa, ae, m., priest^s attendant, who butchered the victim of sacrifice. popina, ae, f., cook-shop. popino, onis, M., glutton.
poples,
itis, M.,

sacrifice), serve.

knee (beneath).
puhllc.

pollucte, sumptuously.

poplicus=publicus,
hanquet. dishonor.

poUuctum,
polluo,

i,

N., ojfering,

poUutus,

ui, iit-, 3, dejile, a, um, dejiled, vile.

poplus, popolus=populus. Poppcea, se, the wife of Nero. popularis, e, ojor agreeahle to
people
;

the

Pollux, iicis, myth. son of Leda, twin-brother of Castor. f polus, i, M., pole, sky. [f poly-, many. Polydorus, i, youngest son of Priam. Polyphemus, i, a Cyclops, blinded by Ulysses of his only eye. Polyxena, ee, d. of Priam, married
to Achilles.

M., Jellow-citizen.

populariter, vulgarly. popularitas, atis, F., Jellow-citizenship, popularity.

populatio, onis, f., ravage,plunder. populator, oris, M., plunderer.

populeus

(-nus), a,

um, ojpoplar.

pomarius, a, ura, qf fruit-trees. pomeridianus, a, um, afternoon\s. pomerium (pomoerium), i, N.,

open space ahout a
city.

populor, I, devastate, pillage. populosus, a, um, populous. populus, i, M., people, multitude. populus, i, F., poplar. porca, 36, F., sow.
porcellus, i, m., pig. porcinus, a, um, oj swine.

porcus

praecaveo.
post-^o,
esteem inferior.
less,

147

porcus (-ulus), i, m., liog. porgo=porrigo, reach.

porreote, far, extensivehj. porreotio, onis, f., extension. porrectus, a, um, outstretched.
porricio, eci, ect-,
rifice).
3, to offer (sac-

post-habeo, 2, esteem posthac, hereafier.

postibi, liereupon.

neglect.

posthumus=postumus,
posticus,
a,

last.

um,

rear, hinder ; n.,

hack-door.
afterward. door-post; pl., door. postliminium, i, n., return home. postmodo (um), afierward, shortly. post-pono, 3, esieem less, postpone.
-illa,

porrigo, rexi, ct-, 3, reach, stretch. porrigo, inis, f., dandruff. porro, forivard, far, of old^ again.

postidea,
postis,

is, F.,

porrum, i, N., leek. Porsena (-nna), se,

who
porta,

k. of Etruria, fought to restore Tarquin.

ae, f.,

gate, door, entrance.

portendo,
predict.

di,

tum,

3,

to

indicate,

postquam, after (that), 2vhe7i, since. postremo, finaliy. postremus, [posterus,] last, latest.
postridie, next day.

portentosus, a, um, monstrous, horrid,

post-sum,

he after, retreat.
f.,

ominous.
i,

postulatio, onis,
n.,

demand, claim,

portentum,

omen, prodigy.

complaint.

porticus, us, f., porch, gallery. portio, onis, F., share, portion. portitor, oris, m., tax-gatherer
:arrier,

postulo,

I,

ask,

demand, impeach.

postus=positus, placed.
potatio, onis, f., drinking. potator, oris, m., drinker

ferryman.
carry, convey.
i,

porto,

I,

pote
in

(potis), ])ossible.

portorium, portuosus,
harhors.

n., tax, transit-duty.

a,

um, abounding

portus, us, M., harhor, port, refuge. posca, 38, F., vinegar-and-ioater. posco, poposci, poscit-, 3, demand, ask, need, require.
positio, onis, f., putting, setting. positor, oris, M., founder.

potens, tis, powerful. potentatus, us, u.,poiver, dominion. potentia, ae, f., power, anthority. potestas, atis, F., power, ability,
sovereignty.

potin? canstf
potio, onis, f., drink, draught. potior, 4, get possession of. potis, e, cihle; -ior, vis, preferdble -issimus, chief

positus, [pono,] situated, placed. positus, us, M., situation. possessio, onis, f., possession. possessor, oris, m., occupant.

potissime,

especially.

possideo,
edi,

(2), and possido, (3), essum, possess, hold. possum, posse, potui, can, have power ( 29, iii).

potius, rather. poto, (pot-), I, drink. potor, oris, m., drinker,

sot.

post, after, hehind. postea, afterwards.

potulentus, a, um, drinkable. potus, a, um, having drunk. potus, us, m., drinking. prae, in comparison with, in front,
hy reason of. [prae -, hefore, in advance, very. praeacuo, 3, sharpen, point. praeaciitus, a, um, poinied. praebeo, ui, itum, 2, furnish, hold
ouf, offer, afford, design.

posteaquam == postquam,

after

(that), when. posteri, pL, posterity, descendants. posterior, us (compar.), afier,

later, hinder.

posteritas, atis,

f.,

future time.

posterus, a, um (-terior, -tremus, -tumus), coming ajter.

praecaedo=prcecido, cut off. praecanus, a, um., prematurely gi^ay. praecaveo, cavi, caut-, heware.

148
prse-cedo,
3,

praecedo
go hefore, surpass.

prgenomen.
prgedo, onis, m., rohher, plunderer. praedor, i, plunder, rob, catch. prsediico, xi, ct-, 3, draw infront. praedulcis, e, very siveet. prsedurus, a, nm, very hard, hardy. praeeo, ivi, it-, 4, go hefore, precede.
praefatio, onis, F.,preface,formula. praefectura, se, f., governorship. praefectus, i, m., superintendent, commander, governor. prgefero, tuli, lat-, to hear hefore, prefer, display, anticipate. praeferox, ocis, very ferce. praeficio, feci, fect-, 3, set over, appoint, assign to command. prsefigo, xi, xum, 3, set up, fasten, fx on the end. praefinio, 3, fx heforehand. praefloro, i, jduck, tarnish. prsefluo, 3, Jloiv in front. praefodio, fodi, 3, dig hefore. prsefor, i, say hejorehand. praefracte, resolutely, sternly. prsefractus, a, um, ahrupt, stern.

praecello, 3, rise above, excel. prgecelsus, a, um, very lofty.

praeceps, cipitis, headlony, steep. praeceptor, oris, m., anticipator, commander, teacher.

praeceptum,

i,

N., rule, precept.

3,

praecerpo, psi, pthefore the time.

to

gather

praecido, cidi, cis-, 3, cut sheer off. praecinctus, a, um, girt. praecingo, nxi, nct-, 3, io encircle. praecino, ui, 3, sing hefore, p^redict. praecipio, cepi, cept-, 3, take in advance, anticipate, give rules. praecipitium, i, n., precipice. praecipito, i, hurl down, hasten. praecipue, especially. preecipuus, a, um, special, principal, distinguislied.

preecise, hriejly, concisely. praecisus, a, um, cut off, ahridged. praeclare, clearly, ad^niraUy. praeclarus, a, um, clear, hright,
splendid, glorious.

praefringo fregi, fract-,

off,

3,

hreak

praecludo, si, sum, 3, to shut close. praeco, onis, m., crier, herald.

praeconium,
celehration.

i,

N.,

crier^s

office,

or to pieces. preefulcio, si, tum, prop. praefulgeo, si, 2, shineforth.

prsecoque, prematurely.
prgecordia, orum,
entrails, hreast.

praegnans, tis, Jull, j^regnant. praegrandis, e, huge, mighty.

diaphragm,
prsegravis, e, very heavy. praegradior, gres-, 3, go hefore. praejiidicium, i, N., a previous decision, precedent.

N.,

praecox, ocis, untimely ripe. prae-curro, 3, run before, surpass. praecursor, oris, m., forerunner,
scout, culvance-guard.

praelabor, ps-, 3, glide or sweep praelatus, [fero,] hurrying past.

hy.

preeda, ae, f., pillage, prey, spoil. praedatio, onis, f., plundering. praedator, oris, m., pillager, hunter. real-estate praediator, oris, m.,
dealer.

praelium=prcelium, hattle. praeliido, si, sum, 3, rehearse.

praelum=prelum, ivine-press. praematiirus, a, um, untimely.

pree-metuo, 3, fear heforehand. prsemitto, misi, miss-, 3, send
advance.
in

praedicatio, onis, F., proclaiming. praedico, i, proclaim, praise, hoast. praedico, xi, ct-, 3, predict, admonish, give notice.

praemium, i, prae-moneo,

n., reward', profit.

praedictum,
praedisco, praeditus,
pointed.
3,

i,

n., prediction, order.

learn heforehand.

a,

um, endowed,
landed
estate.

ap-

2, admonish, predict. preemiinio, 4, fortify in front. praenate, i, swim or floiv hefore. Preeneste, is, n., a town in La-

tium.
i,

praedium,
praedives,

N.,

itis, vej^y rich.

praenomen, inis, n., the personal name ( 15).

first

or

prseoccupo
praeoccupo,
,

prsetor.

149
a,

i,

seizeheforehand.

praesidiarius,

um, for

praeopto, i, choose rather. praeparo, i prepare heforehand. praepedio, 4, shackle, hinder. prsepes, etis, swift of fiight, ivinged; c, hird (of omen).
praepilatus, a, um, knohhed. praepinguis, e, very fat.

praesidium,

i,

n.,

defence. defence, guard,

garrison, aid.

preepondero, i, outiveic/h. praepono, sui, sit-, 3, to

praesignis, e, distinguished. praestans, tis, excellent. praestat, it is hetter. praestabilis, e, eminent. praestatio, onis, F., guaranty. praestes, itis, c, guardian.
praestigiae,

set over,

arum,

f., tricks.

appoint, depute, prefer. praepositus, i, m., prefect,

com-

mander. prseposterus,

praestino, \, tohuy. praesto, at hand. praesto, iti, it-. i, standforih, surpass, excel, furnish, exhihit.

a,

um,

reversed, con-

fused, ahsurd.

preepotens,

tis,

very poiverful.

praequam,
prae-ripio,

in comparison.
3,

praerogativus,
first vote; F.,

snatch away. a, um, having the

omen, privilege.
rupt-,
3,

praerogo,

i,

ashfirst.
riipi,

praestolor, i, ivait for. praestringo, nxi, ct-, 3, hindfast. praestruo, xi, ct-, 3, huild in front, j^repare in advance. praesul, -ulis, m., dance-leader. prae-sum, he hefore, have charge of. prae-siimo, 3, take or spend hefore.

praerumpo,
praeruptus,

hreak

praesumptio, onis,

F., anticipation.

off infr&nt.
a,

um,

steep, hasty.

praes, praedis, m., surety. praes, at hand. praesagio (-or), 4,forehode, presage. preesagium, i, n., presentiment. preesagus, a, uin,forehoding. praescisco, 3, learn heforehand. praescius, a, um, prophetic. praescribo, psi, pt-, 3, wiite hefore,
prefix, appoint.

praesuo, ui, ut-, 3, seiv upon, cover. praetego, xi, ct, shelter, protect. praetendo, di, tum, 3, stretch or
hold forth, spread, assert.

praetento,
praeter,

i,

search,

iest.

heyond,

along,

contrary,

hesides, except.

prcescriptio, onis,
pretence, precept.

F., inscription,

praeterea, hesides, moreover, heyond. praeterbito, i, go past. praeter-eo, 4, pass hy or heyond, escape notice, neglect. praeteritus, a, um, past, gone hy
N.
pl., the

past.

pr^scriptum,
praeseco, cui,

i,

N., copy,

precept.

preesegmen,

ct-, i, cut off. inis, n., a pari)ig.

praeterlabor, psus, 3, glide hy. praeter-mitto, 3, let go, omit. praeter-propter, ahout, nearly.

praesens, tis, present, prompt. prsesensio, onis, F., fore-feeling. praesentia, ae, f., prese?ice ; in praesentia, at present. praesentio, si, sum, 4, tofeel or perceive heforehand, forhode, divine. praesepe, is, n. ; -es, is -ia, ae,
;

praeterquam, heyond,

hesides.

praeter-vehor, 3, he horne past. praetexo, ui, xt-, 3, put or iveave

infront, provide, pretend, cover.

praetexta (toga),

-ium, i, N., stall, hut. praesepio, psi, pt-, 4, harricade. praesertim, especially. praeses, idis, m., guardian, chief. praesideo, sedi, sess-, 2, to guard,
f.
;

ae, f., mantle with purple border, worn by magistragedy. trates and children praetextatus, ivearing the mantle. praetextum, i, n., ornament ; pre;

iext,

pretence.
iis,

praetextus,

m., authority.

praetor, oris, m., prcetor (officer of

justice), chief,

preside, superintend.

commander.

150

prsetorianus

privilegium.
pressura, ae, f., pressure, throng. pressus, a, um, close, concise. pressus, us, m., pressure.
prester, eris, m., whirlwind, ivaterspout ; a venomous serpent. pretiose, ius, splendidly. pretiosus, a, um, precious, costly. pretium, i, n., value, price, pay. [prex, see preci, prayer.
t

praBtorianus, a, um, of the hodyguard. praBtorium, i, n., generaVs tent,

palace, hody-guard. praetorius, a, um, of tlie proitor poita., f'ont-gate ofthe camp. praetura, ae, F., prcctorship. prae-ustus, a, um, hurnt at the end. praeut, comparison with. praevalens, tis, very strong. praevaleo, ui, 2, have chief power. praevalidus, a, um, very or too strong, prevalent, grand. praevaricor, i, walk crooked, halk.

praevehor, veotus, 3, ride hefore. praevenio, veni, vent-, 4, anticipate, outstrip, prevent.
(-tor), 4, precede, outexceed, occiipy or dofrst. prgevideo, vidi, vis-, 2, foresee.
strip,

praeverto

praevius,

a,

um,

leading the way.

in

t pragmaticus, a, um, skilled affalrs, relating to husiness.

Priameius, a, um, of Priam. Priamides, se, son of Priam. Priamus, myth. king of Troy. Priapus, god of Gardens. pridem, long ago, formerly. pridianus, a, um, ofthe day hefore. pridie, on the ddy hefore. primaevus, a, um, young. primanus, a, um, of the ist legion. primarius, a, um, of the ist rank. primas, atis, clnef nohle. primatus, iis, m., preeminence. prime, cspecially. primitiae, arum, f. first-fi^uits.
primitus, /br thefirst
time.

prandeo, di, sum, 2, to hrecdcfast. prandium, i, n., hreakfast, lunch.

pransus, a, um, having hreakfasted. f prasinus, a, um, leek-green.

primo, firstly, at first. primordia, orum, n. pL,

primoris,
e,

origin.

pratum (-ulum), i, n., meadow,plain.

prave, crookedly,
pravitas, atis,
ivrongly.

foremost, extreme. primum, atfirst, in the first place. primus, a, vlxo., first, foremost.

depravity, perverseness, irregularity.

f.,

princeps, cipis, c, first, chief, prince, 2d rank (of infantry).

principalis, e, chief princely. principaliter, chiefiy. principatus, lis, m., chief rank. principium, i, m., a heginning ; pl., principles, front rank, open space (in camp). prior, us, former, previous, hetter
pl., the

pravus,

a,

um,

misshapen, had.

precario, hy entreaty. precarius, a, um, 70^ hy enireaty or favor ; uncertain. precatio, onis, F., prayer.
preci, cem, ce
pl, -ces, F.,prayer, entreaty (nom. sing. not used).
;

preciae precor,

(-tiae),
i,

a kind of grape.

ancients.

heg,j)ray, invoke.
di,

prehendo,

sum,

3, seize,

grasp.
right

prehensio, onis, f., seizing, of arrest ; a jack-screw.

prisce, old-fashioned. priscus, a, um, antique, severe. pristinus, a, um, former, early, preceding.

prehenso (prenso),
prelum,
i,

i,

grasp, detain.
oil-press.

n., ivine

or

premo,

essi, ess,- 3, press, grasp, cover, hurden, oppress, disparage.

take.

prendo=prehendo,

presse, closely, concisely. presso, I, to press violently. pressorius, a, um, forpressing.

pristis=pistrix, shark. prius quam, hefore, sooner, unfiJ. privatim, privately, ajmrt. privatus, a, um, private, one^s own. privigna, ae, f., step-dnughter. privignus, i, m., step-son. privilegium, i, n., a private law,
.
. .

privilege.

privo

proficiscor.

151

privo, I, deprive, deliver. privus, a, um, each, single, own. pro, in froni of, instead of in hehalf of according to, for, considering

Procrustes, a bandit of Attica, slain by Theseus.

procubo, procudo,
proculco,

i, lie

along.
3,

di,

sum,

heat,forge.

pro quam, in proportion as. ah ! ! pro, proh (w. acc), proavus, 1, M., gr.-grandfather.
probabilis, e, lilcelg, pleasing. probabiliter, prohaUy. probatio, onis, f., trial, approval.

procul, afar, remote.

I,

tramp)le doivn.
3,

pro-cumbo,

fall forivard, sink.

probator, oris, m., approver. probatus, a, um, proved, excellent. probe, icelUfitly, rightly, nohly.
probitas, atis,
f., )ionesty,

prociiratio, onis, f., care, charge. prociirator, oris, M., deputy, steward, administrator, governor. procuro, I, take charge of

pro-curro,

3,

run foricard, project.

worth.

procurvus, a, um, crooked. procus, i, M., ivooer, suitor ; chief

pr6,d-eo, 4, go forth, advance.

probo, I, try, prove,'approve. probrose, disgracefally. probrosus, a, um, shameful,

famous.

prodesse (prosum),
in-

help.

prodico, prodige,

xi, ct-, 3, predict. lavishly.

e,

probrum,

i,

n.,

disgraceful deed,

prodigialis,
vellous.

of omens.

dishonor, insult.

prodigiosus,

a,

um,

strange,

mar-

probus, a, um, good, excellent. procaoitas, atis, F., impudence.

procaciter, sliamelessly. procax, acis, hold, impudent. procedo, cess-, 3, advance, extend,
continue, result. procella, ae, f., tempest, storm.

prodigium,

i,

n.,

omen, prodigy.

prodigo, egi, act-, 3, consume. prodigus, a, um, lavish, ivasteful.

proditio, onis, f., treachery. proditor, oris, M., traitor.

prodo,
'

3,

give forth, deliver, hetray.

procello, 3, cast down. procellosus, a, um, tempestuous. procer, eris, chief foremost. procere, to great length. proceritas, 'atis, F., height, length.

pr6diico,'xi, ct- 3, to lead forth, produce, extend, promote, protract.

pr6ducte, lengthily. pr6ductio, onis, F., lengthening. pr6ductus, a, um, protracted.

piojliaris,
e, ofhattle.

procerus, a, um, processio, onis,

high,
F.
;

tall,

long.

-us, us, M.,

prcelior, i,fight (in battle).

advance, progress.

procido, idi, 3,fallfiat. prScinctus, iis, M., girding, preparinq.

procingo, nctus,

3, to gird,

equip.

proclamo,

i,

proclino, i, proclive, dowmmrd.

cry out. lean forward.

proclivis, e, sloping downward, incllned, easy; N., declivity. proclivitas, atis, f., propensity. procliviter, doinnvard, easily. Procne=Progne, d. of Pandion.

proelium, i, N., hattle, strife. Proetides, um, daughters of Prcetus, king of Tiryns. pr6fano, i, consecrate. profano, i, desecrate, violate. profanus, a, um, unholy, impious. profectio, 6nis, f., departure. profect6, surely. profectus, [proficiscor,] gone. pr6fectus, us, M. advance. pr6-fero, hnng forward, produce.
professio, 6nis, F., deckiration. professus, a, um, [profiteor,] manifest ; ex professo, avowedly. profestus, a, um, not-festival. pr6ficio, 3, goforward, effect. proficiscor, fectus, 3, go, set forth.

proconsul,

ulis, n., iiroconsid (in

term of consulship). procreo, i, generate, produce. Procris, wife of Cephalus.

office after

152
profiteor, fessus,
profess, declare.
2,

profiteor
to

propatulus.
proluo, 3, wash or castforth. proluvies, ei, f., overflow, fiWu

promise,

profligatus,

a,

um,

downcast, cor-

promereo

(-or), 2 deserve.
s.

rupt, wretched.

Prometlieus, myth.

of lapetos.

profligo, I, despatcli, ruin, conquer. proflo, I, hreathe forth, melt. profluens, tis, flowing,fluent.

promineo, ui, 2, overhang, project. prdmiscue, all together. promiscuus, a, um, pi^omiscuous.
promitto, misi,
raiss-,
;^,

profluo, xi,

xum,
i,

t,,

floiv forth.

put for-

profluvium,

n.,

Jiow.

icard, predict, promise.

profor, I, speak out, predict. pro-fugio, 3, escape, flee.

promissus,

a,

um,

hatiging
to

down;
hring

N., iiromise.

profugus,

a, VLva, fugitive ; M., exile.

promo, mpsi, mptforth, produce, utter.

3,

fudi, fus-, 3, shed, pour forth, spend. profundus, a, um, deep ; N., d^pth. profiiae, lavishly, exceesively. profiisus, a, um, extravagant.

profundo,

prSmontorium,

i,

n.,

mountainn.
pl.,

range, headtand, promonfory.

promotus, a, um. advanced;

preferahle things.

progenies, ei, f., descent, progeny. progigno.genui, genit-, 3, produce.

promoveo,

2,

move forward,

ex-

tend, promofe, reveal, postpone.

prognatus,

a,

um, descended ;

pl.,

descendants.
es, myth. d. of Pandion, k. of Athens wife of Tereus, changed to a swallow. progredior, gressus, 3, proceed. progressio, onis, F. -us, us, m.,
; ;

prompte, promptly. promptuarius, a, um, ofthe stores ;

n., storeroom.

Progne (Procne),

a, um, manifest; at hand, prompt, ready. promptus, uis, m., a manlfesting,

promptus,

readiness.

advance, progress. prohibeo, ui, it-,2, holdinfront, restrain,forhid.

promulgo,

I,

pid)lish,
F.,

proclaim.
relish.

promiilsis, idis,

a
the

promus,

a,

um, of

larder ; N.,

proin, proinde, /w.s^ so, accordingly. projecte, carelessly. projectus, a, um, extended, prominent, incUned, downcast, ahjcct. projicio, jeci, ject-, 3^ throw forth,
oppose, expel, reject.

steward, disfrihutor.

promiituus, a, um, prone, downward.

prepiaid, lent.

pronuba,

se,.,presiding overmar;

riage (Juno)

hride^s attendant.
F.,

pronuntiatio, onis,
forward,
tion, iitferance.

proclama-

prolabor, psus,
prolatio, onis,
delay.
f.,

3,

slide

escape, sink, fall.

pronuntio,

i,

proclaim, announce,
lately.

hringing forward,

recife, relate.

proniiper, quife

prolato, I, exfend, defer. prolatus, [fero,] hrought forward. prolecto, r, allure, entice. proles, is, um, f., ojfspring. prolixe, copioudy. prolixus, a, um, extended, favorahle, courteous.

pronurus, ii3, m., grandson''^ ivife. pr5nu3, a, um, hending or fdlen

forward, sinking, incVwed.

prooemium, i, N., introduction. f proscenium, i, n., preface,prelude.

f

propagatio, onis, f., propagafing. propages, is -go, inis, f., layer,

;

fprologus,
ducfion.

i,

M., pi^ologue,

intro-

setfing (of plants), qffspring.

proloquor, cutus,

3,

speakforfh.
3,

propago, I, propagate, confinue. propalam, puhlicly, openfy.

proliido, si, sum, advance, prelude.

practice in

propansus (-passus), a, um, spread.

propatulus,
a,

uncovered.

prope
prope, pius, xime, near, almost.

prosterno.
f propylaeum,

153

propulsus, [pello,]^Ms/ieJ/orz^ar^.

propediem,

verij soon.

propello, puli, puls-, 3, topush on. propemodo (-dum), almost. propendeo, di, sum, 2, liang down,
preponderate, incline.

proquam,

i, n., gateway. accordiug as. f prora, ae, f., prow (of a ship).

prorepo, psi,
;

pt-, 3, craivl forth.

propense, luillingly, readily, prone. pr5pensus, a, um, weighty. properans, tis, hasty, speedy. properanter, -ato, speedily.
properantia, ae, f,, haste. properatus, a, um, rapid^ hasty. propero, i, hasten. propere, properiter, in haste. properus, a, um, quick, rapid. propexus, a, um, combed forward.

f prorefca, ae -reus, i, m., steer.^man. proripio, ui, rept-, 3, snatch forth. prorito, i, provoke, allure.

prorogatio, onis, F., extending. prorogo, i, prolong, preserve, defer.

prorsum,

slraightforward.

fpropheta

(-tes), ae, m., prophet. j-propino, i, drink one^s health: give to drink or eat.

prorsus, a, um, direct, prose. prorsus, onward, precisely, utterly. pro-rumpo, 3, thrust or rush forth. pro-ruo, 3, demolish, rushforth. proruptus, a, um, unrestrained. prosa, ae, F., jirose. prosapia, ae, f., stock, race. prosatus, [sero,] pi^oduced.
f

propinque, near aVhand. propinquitas, atis, F., nearness,

affinity.

proscenium,

i,

n., slage, theatre.

propinquo, i, hrlng or draw near. Dropinquus, a, um, near, akin. Dropior, us, nearer, more like.
aropitio, i, appease. sropitius, a, um, kind, favorable.

pro-scindo, 3, cut, furrow. proscissuB, [scindo,] cut. proscribo, 3, ivrite on, publish, proscribe (for assassination).

proscriptio, onis,
proscription.

f.,

publishing,

propola,
propolis,

ae,

m., forestaller.

is, f.,

bee-glue.
3,

jropono,

sui,

sit-,

set

hefore,

putforth, ojfer, expose. ^ropontis, the Sea of Marmora. )roporro, furthermore. )roportio, onis, f,, proportion. )ropositio, onis, f., setting-forth, design, purpose. )ropositum, i, n., way, purpose. )ropraetor, oris, m., a magistrate,
jjroprcBtor (ex-praetor).

proseco, ui, ct-, i, cut off. prosectus, a, um, cui (for sacrifice). prosecutus, [sequor,] following. proseda, ee, f., harlot. prosequor, secut-, 3, folloiv forth,
pursue, attend.

prosero,

sevi,,fiat-, 3,
ae, d.

produce (by

sowing).

Proserpina,

of Ceres, stolen

by Pluto,
proserpo,

gocl of

Hades.

roprie, specially, fitly. )roprietas, atis, F., property. >roprius, a, um, one'5 ovm, proper,
constant.

creep forward. prosilio, ui, 4, spring forth. prospecte, prudently. prospecto, i, lookforih or towards,
3,

expeci, await.

prospectus, iis, m., view, prospect. prospeculor, i, lookforih, expJore.

ropter, near, hy reason of )ropterea, /or thai reason. )ropudium, i, n., a shamefid-thing.

prosper (-erus),
fortunate.

era, VLm^favorabJe,

prosperitas, atis,

)ropugnaculum,

N.,buhvark, ropugnatio, onis, f., defence. )ropugnator, oris, m. cJiampion. )ropugno, i, defend, go out tofight. )r6pulso, I, defend, ward off.
i

f., good fortune. prospero, i, niaJce Jiappy or prosper. prospicio, exi, ect-, 3, Jook fortli,
tvalcJi,

discern, foresee, provide.

3, strew,

prosterno, stravi, strat-,

overtJirow, destroy.

154

prostituo

publico.
!

prostituo, ui, ut-, 3, expose, sully. prosto, stiti, stat-, i, stand forth,
be exposed.

prosubigo,

3,

dig up,fasliion.

prosum

29, i v.), he helpful, profit. protectio, onis, f., shelter. protector, oris, m., coverer, guard.
(

proviso, ivith foresight proviso, 3, go out to see. provisor, oris, m., foreseer. provisus, [yideo, J provided. provisus, us, u., foreseeing. provocatio, onis, f., chcdlenge.

protectum,
prote^o, protelo,
I

i,

n., eaves.

provoco, summon,

I,

call forth,

challenge,

rouse.

xi, ct-, 3, cover, shelter. repulse, jmylong. ,

i,

provolo, i,Jhjforth, rush out. pro-volvo, 3, roll forth, fcdl down.

protelum, protendo,

N., row, teuni.

proxime

(-imo), next.
atis, f., nearness.
a,

di,

sum

(tum), stretch

proximitas,

forth, extend.

proximus,
priidens,

um,

nearest, next.

protenus=pr6tinus, onward.
pro-tero, 3, trample, drive. proterreo, ui, it-, 2, scare away,

tis,

foreseeing, foreknow-

ing, skilled.

proterve

(-iter), holdly, icantonly.

f.,

protervitas, atis,

imjmdeiice.

protervus, a, um, vehement, bold. protestor, i, hear icitness, protest. Proteus, ei, a sea-divinity, of changing form. protinam, pr otinis, forthwith. protinus, right onicard, at once.
f proto-, frst.

priidenter, discreetly. priidentia, ae, f., foresight, knoivledge, prudence. pruina, ae, f., hoarfrost, icinter.

pruinosus,
priina,

a,

lim, frosty.

se, F., live coal.

i,

priinum,
priinus,
i,

n.,

plum.
f., itching.

F.,

plum-tree, black-thorn.
itch.

priirigo, inis,
prtirio, 4, to

protollo,

3, stretch forth.

Priisias,
forth,

protraho,

xi, ct-, 3, to expose, protract.

di,
i,

draw

ee, king of Bithynia, betrayed Hannibal.

i,

who

f prytaneum, f psallo, 3,

N., town-hall.

protritus, [-tero,] ico7m out.

play

ihe lyre.

protrudo, proturbo,

sum,
as.

3, jiush,

defer.

drivefortii, repel.

prout, according

provectus, a, um, advanced. proveho, xi, ct-, 3, carry forth,

promnte ; P., go, move. provenio, veni, vent-,
4,

pseudo-, yo/.se or sham. fpeittacus, i, m., parrot. Psyche, es (soul), a nymph loved by Cupid, and made immortal.
f

[-pte, self oicn.

f ptisana, ae, F., bar-Jey-icater.

come

Ptolemeeus,
till

forth, arise, groiv, happen,prosper. proventus, us, m., growth, result.

i, a general of Alexander, afterwards k. of Egypt,

B.c. 283.

proverbium, i, N., proverh, adage. proverto, sum, 3, turnforward.

provide, carefully. providens, tis, prudent, foreseeing. providenter, prudently. providentia, ae, f., foresight. provideo, vidi, vis-, 2, foresee,
vare for, provide.

piibens, tis, at puherty, vigorous. piibertas, atis, F., puheiiy, yotith. piibes (-er, -is), eris, of rijye age
doicny.

piibes,

is,

f.,

signs

of manhood;

youth, or vigorous popidation. piibesco, 3, ripen, attain piuherty.

providus,
provincia,

a,

um,

foreseeing, pru-

publicanus, a, um, of the revenue ; M., farmer of the revenue.

publicatio, onis,
F.,

denf, provident.
se, f.,

confscation.

provincialis, e, provisio, onis, f., foresight.

province, charge. of a province.

publice
cliarge.

(-citus),

jmhlicly, at state-

publico,

I,

confscate,

make

piiblic.

publicus
publicus,
a, um, of tlie public ; n., public revenue; M., magistrate.

puteal.
pulver=pulvis, dust. pulvereus, a, um, of dust.
pulvero, I, /0 bedust. pulverulentus, a, um, dusty. pulvillus, i, M a little cuskion. pulvinar, aris, N., couck. pulvinus, i, n., cuskion, pillow.
pulvis, eris,
N., dust,

155

pudendus,

to be askamed of. pudens, tis, modest, shamefaced. pudenter, bashfully. pudeo, 2, be askamed; -et, it shames. pudibundus, a, um, bashful.

pulsus, iis, M., pusking, trampling. pultarius, i, m., pot, jar. pulto, I, beat, strike.

pudice, modestly,
pudicitia,
ae, f.,

chastely.

modesty. pudicus, a, um, modest, chaste. pudor, oris, m., sense of honpr or skame, modesty, self-respect. puella, ae, f., girl, maiden. puellaris, e, girlisk.

arena.

piimex, icis, m., pu7nice-stojie. piimiceus, a, um, of pumice, dry.

piimico, I polisli (with pumice). piimilio, onis, n., divarf pigmy.
,

puer,

eri, m., boy, ckild {tiW 17).

puerilis, e, boyisk, ckildish. pueriliter, like a ckild. pueritia, ae, F., ckildhood.

pumilus, a, um, dwarfsk. punctatim, concisely, to the point. punctim, ivitk tke point.

puerperium,
puerulus,
i,

i,

n., ckild-birth.
little

punctum,

i,

n., point, dot, ballot.

m.,

boy.

pugil, ilis, M., pugilist, boxer. pugillaris, e, of Ikefist. pugillus, i, M., kandful. pugilor, I, to box. pugio, onis, m., dagger. pugna, ae, f., afgkt, combat.

punctus, iis, m., a jyrick, pungo, pupugi, punct-,

sting, afliict, dislress.

sting.
3, pierce,

piiniceus, a, um, purple. Piinicus, a, um, Cartkaginian. piinio (-or), 4, puni.^^k, avenge.
piinitor, oris, N., avenger.

pugnaciter, contentiously.

pupa

(-ula), se, F., girl, doll.

i,

pugnax, acis, combative, obsfinate. pugno, I, tofgkt, struggle, contend. pugnus, i, M.,fst, kandful.
pulclier, chra,

pupillus,
tvard ;

.,
is,

puppis,

-a, ae, F., orphan, M. pupil (of the eye). im, i, F., stem, ship.
;

um,

beautiful, noble.

pxire, purely, clearly.

pulchre,

beautifully, nobly.
f.,

purgamen,

inis

-mentum,

1,

pulchritiido, inis,

beauty.

puleiuni

(-giuni),

i,

N..

pennyroyal.
m.,

.^conring Jiltk, purgation. purgatio, onis, f., cleansing.

piilex, icis, m., Jlea.

purgo,

I,

puUarius, a, um, of tke young ; keepe.r of tke sacred ckickens.

piirifico,

i,

cleanse, clear, purify. cleanse, expiate.

F.,

pullatus, a, um, in black garments. puUities, ei, f., brood. pullulo, I, to sprout, p7'oduce. pullus, i, M., young, colt, ckick, tivig. pullus, a, um, dark, mournful.

purpura, ee, purpuratus,

a,

um,

pwple-fsk, purple. clad in purple ;

p)urple, brilliant.

M., court-oflicer.

purpureus, a, um, purpuro, I, to dye

piirulentus,
piirus,
a,

purple.

a,

um, festering.
pure.

pulmentum
pulmo, onis,
pulpa,
ae, f.,

(-arium),
m., lung.

i,

n., relisk.

um,

clear, clean,

piis, piiris, N., festering mattei\

softflesk.
i,

pusillanimis,

e, ti?nid.

pulpamentum,
pulpitum,

n., flesk, dainty.

i, N., stage, platform. puls, pultis, F., pottage. pulsatio, onis, f., beating. pulso, I, beat, pusk, attack.

pusillus, a, um, small, petty. pusio, onis, m., liitle boy.

pustula

(piisula), ae, f., bliste7\

inis, N., trimmings.

putamen,

pulsus

[pello,] driven, routed.

putatio, onis, F., pruning. puteal, alis, N., ivell-curb.

156

puteo

qualis.

puteo, 2, have an ill smell. Puteoli, orum, a coast-town near Naples. puter, tris, tre, i'otten, crumhUng. putesco, -isco, 3, to rot, pulrify. puteus, i, M,, a well, pit, cisiern. putidus, a, um, rotten, offensive.
putillus,
i,

M.

-a, ae, F., child.

trim, prutie reckon, suppose, think, consider. putor, oris, m., rottenness. putre-facio p., -fio, putrify. putresco, 3, to decay. putridus, a, um, rotten, mellow.
I,

puto,

to

cleanse,

quadrageni, ae, a, forty each. quadragesimus, a, um, fortieth. quadragies, forty times. quadraginta, forty. quadrans, tis, a quarter,farthing. quadrate, fourfold. quadratus, a, um, square, stout. quadriennium, i, n., four years. quadrifariam, four-fold.
quadrifidus, a, um, four-cleft. quadrifrons, tis, four-fronted. quadrigae, arum, f., team of four. quadrigeni, ce, a, 400 each. quadrijugis, e -gus, a, um, of a team of four. quadrimus, a, um, four years old. quadringeni, se, a, 400 each. quadringenti, ae, a, four hundred. quadrigenties, 400 times. quadrini, ae, a, four each. quadripartitus, a,um, infourparts.
;

putus,

a,

um,

clear, fine

M.,

a hoy.

f pycta (es), bb, m., hoxer. Pydna, a town of Macedon, where Perseus was defeated, b.c. 146. f pyga, ae, F., the

rump.

pygmaeus, a, um, pigmy, dwarf Pylae, arum, f. (gafes), Thermoalso a pass in Cilicia. Nestor f., the city of (Pylius), in S.W. Peloponesus. fpyra, ee, .,funeral plle.
pyla;
;

Pylos,

i,

quadrivium, quadro, i, to

i,

N., cross-roads.

he or

make

square.

quadrum, i, N., a square. quadrupedans, tis, gaUoping.

quadrupes,
pedis;
-pedus,
a,

pyramis

idis, F.,
a,

pyramid.

Pyrenaeus,

um, o/the Pyrenees.

um,

four-footed.

f pyrites, se, M.,flint, miUslone.

Pyrrha, myth. wife of DeucaHon. Pyrrhus, i, i myth. son of Achilles; 2, a king of Epirus, who fought
,

quadruplex, icis, four-fold. quadruplico (-plo), \,mulliply by4. quadruplus, a, um,fourfold.

qucerito, l, seek earneslly. quaero, sivi, sit-, 3, seek, ask, examine (by torture). quaesitor, oris, m., searcher. quaesitus. us, m., search.

Romans b.c. pyrum,=pirum, pear.

wdth the

280-274.

Pythagoras, ae, a philosopher of Samos, about b.c. 550. Pythius, a, um, Pythiaii, a title of Apollo, from Pytho, a name of Delphi f., Delphic priestess. Python, onis, M,, a serpent slain by Apollo near Delphi.
;

quaeso,

ivi,

itum,

3,

seek, beseech.

'pyxis

is, F.,

a hox for ointments.

quaestio, onis, f., inquiry, examination, case in hand. quaestor, oris, M,, qucestor (treasurer, judge, or quartermaster). quaestorius, a, um, ofthe qucestor
M., ex-qiucstor.

Q, the praenomen Ouintus. qua, where, hy ivhat ivay, how ; qua, as well as.
. .
.

qua

quaestuose, gainfuUy. quaestuosus, a, um, gainful, eager for gain, rich. quaestura, ae, f., qucestorship. quaestus, us, m., gain, proft, husiness, employment. qualibet, ivhere or as you please. qualis, e, of ivhat sort; talis, as. qualis, such
. . . .

quacumque, wherever. quadamtenus, to such

quadra,
ae, f.,

a point.

square.

qualitas

quinqueviri.
querquerus (quercerus),
a,

157

qualitas, atis, F., quality, condition. qualiter, in wJiat way, as. qualum (us), i, n., basket, hamper. quam, how, as, than, very ; (with superl.), the most possible.

um,

shiveriny with cold or ague.

querquetulanus, of an oak-wood. querulus, a, um, complaininy. questus, us, m., conqjlaint.

qui, quse, quod, ivho, ivhich ( 21). qui, why, how, that !

quamdiu, how

lony, as long as.

quamquam,
quamvis,

althouyh.
luill,

as you

althouyh.
since.

quia, because.

quanam,
quando,
at

where

how ?
7),

ivhen ( 43,

quandoque (-cumque),
some time or
olher.

whenever,

quic-=quid-, tvhat. quicum, quibuscum, qui-cumque, ivhoever.

ivith

ivhom.

quandoquidem, since. quantillus, a, um, liow

quid, [quis,] ivhat ? ivhy ? quidam, a certain one (T.

little !

6).
.

quantitas atis, f., extent, quantity. quanto, by how much. quantopere, liow yreatly. quantulus, a, um, how little. quantum, as or how much. quantus, a, um, as or how yreat.

quidem, indeed, at least ; ne quidem, not even. quidni ? ivhy not ? quidquid (quicquid), whatever.

quies etis, f., rest, quiet, repose. quiesco, evi, etum, 3, to rest, sleep,
be quief, or neutral. quiete, calmly. quietus, a, um, calm, still. qui-libet, any one you ivill. quin, that not, but that, nay, ivhy not quinarius, a, um, containiny five.

quantusvis (-libet), however yreat. quapropter, ivherefore. quaqua, wherever, lohatever way.
quare, whereby, ivhy, luherefore. quartana, ae, f., quartan ayue. quartani, orum, of the 4th leyion.

quincunx,

cis,

f., five-tivelfths ;
thiis
:

quarto (-tum),
quartus,
a,

the

fourth time.

pattern offives,

!*!!

um, fourth.
it

quartus decimus, fourteenth.

quasi, as if as
were.

quincuplex, icis, fve-fold. quindecim, fifteen

quindecimviri,i^ortrc/ of 1 5, having in charge the Sybilline books.

quasillum, i, N. (-us, M.), wool-basket. quasso, i, shakc, shatter. quassus, [quatio,] shaken. quatenus, how far, how lony, where. quater, /owr times. quaterni (pl.), four each, by fours.
quatio, quassum,
3,

quingenarius, a, um, of 500 edch. quingeni, ae, a, 500 each. quingentesimus, a, um, t^ooth.
quingenti, ae, a.,five hundred. quingenties, five hundred times.
quini,
ge,
?i,

shake, rack,

five each, by fives,five.

beat, harass, shalter.

quattuor (quatuor), four. quattuordecim, fourteen.

-que, and,
also.

queis=quibus,
queo, 4
(def.

(dat. pl.

of qui).

quemadmodum,
37

how,

as.

can. quercetum, i, n., oak-ivood. quercus, us, F., oak. querela, ae, f., complaint, plaint. qvierimonia, ae, f., complaint. quernus (-neus), a, um, oaken. queror, questus, 3, complain. querquedula, 8B, f., duck, teal.
viii.),

quinideni (quindeni), 15 each. quinquageni, fifty each. quinquagesimus, a, xxxa., fiftieth. quinquagies, fifty times. quinquaginta, fify. quinquatrus, uum, F. -tria, n., a feast of Minerva. quinque, five. quinquennis, e, of five years.
;

quinquennium,

i,

:si.,five

years.

quinqueremis, is, F., quinquereme, a ship of 5 banks of oars. quinqueviri, pl. Board of five for
allotting lands, &c.

158

quinquies

rancidus.
quotidie, every day. quoties, (ens), ho/o often.

quinquies {ens),fve times. quiutanus, a, um, of the ^lh

Quintilis,
is,

leglon.

m., July.
tlie

quotiescumque,

hotoever often.

quinto (-tumj, /o/quintus decimus,

qaippe, indecd,

jifth time.

fifteenth.

sureh/, since.

quippiam=quidpiam,
quippi-uam,
Quiriiialis,
hill
tchi/

an// thing.
to be sure.
1

not /

e,

of Romidus;
;

m.,

'

quotquot, hoioever many. quctus, a, um, one of ho/o many. quotus-cumque, ofho/oever many. quotus-quisque, ho/o many ox few. quousque, t/o/o long? hoto far? quovis, /vhither you ivill.

of Rome N. pl, a festival of Quirinus, the deihed Romulus. quiris (curis), a s[)ear. Quirites, ium, the name by which the Roman people were addressed in pohtical assembhes. quirito, i, sJiriek, scream. quis, quae, quid, wlio? what? any. quis=quibus, abl. pl. of qui.

quuni=cum.

/rlien, since.

quum maxime,

very especially.

quis-nam, quis-piam

loho

prag?

an// one or thing.

quis-quam
quisqiiiliae,

(with neg.). any.

quis-que. each, everg, whoever.

arum,
21,
i.,

trash, refuse.
i),

rabide, madly, furiousty. rabidus, a, um, mad, Jierce. rabies, ei, f., madness, rage. rabiosus, a, um, raving,Jierce. rabo, 3, to he mad. rabo, onis (arrhabo), pledge. rabula, se, m., hra/vler, pettifogger. racemifer, era, um, cluster-bearu/g.
of grapes. radiatus, a, um, brigld ivitli ra/js. radicatus, a, um, rooted. radicitus, hy the root. radicor, i, to strike root. radio, i, to furnish wilh spokes or rays, to beam, shine. radius, i, N., staj^", rod, spoke, ray or bcam. radix, icis, F., root,foot (of hill), source, foundation. rado, si, sum, 3, scrape, shave, graze. Raeticus, a, um, Rhcetian, of the Tyrol. rallum, i, N., [rado,] scraper.
i,

quia-quis

lohoever.
loill.

quivis, /oho or ivhat /jou

racemor, racemus,

i,

to

glean.

m., cluster

quo,

lohere,

whither,
(

loherefore,

in
as.

order that

64,

ii.).

quoad,

orfar quocirca, /oherefore. quo cum que, /oh ithersoever.

ho>o long ? as long

quod,

that, in that,

quodammodo,

as to. somehoio.

quoius, quoi=cujus, cui [qui]. quolibet, /ohither /jou loill.

quom=cum,
quominus,

lohen.

tha' not (

65,

iii.).

quomodo, ho/o? quonam, tohither pra/j ? quondam, once, formerbj,

sometimes

quoniam, since, /ohereas. quopiam, quoquam, any-whither. quoque, also, even.

quoqiio, loMthersoever.

rallus, a,

um,

thin.
pl.,

ramalia, um, N.
scrapings.

ramenta, onim,
rameus,
a,

N.

brushioood. pl., jmrings,

quoqu5modo,
quorsum,

hoiosoever.

um, of
M.,

houghs.
blood-vessels.

tohitherward, totohatend. quot, hoio many, as maiiy ; with words of time, every: as, quotannis, yearly.

ramices, um,

Ramnes,
ramosus,

the Latin stock in

a,

Rome.

um,
i,

hrancliing.
m., branch, bough.

ramus
rana

(-ulus),

quot cumque,
quoteiri, pL,

hoivever

many.

(-ula), ae, F., frog.

J/o/o

quotidianus,

a,

many each. um, daily.

rancens, tis, putrid. rancidus, a, um, rank,

offensive.

rancor
rancor, oris,
M., rankness, grudge.
i,

reclamo.
Reate,
is, n.,

159
a Sabine town.
;

ranunculus,

n., icu/pole, crowfoot.

rapa

(-ena), ae, f., turnip.

f.,

rapacitas, atis,

greediness.

rapax, acis, grasping, greedij. raphanus, i, i\r., radish.

rapicius, a, um, ofturnip or rape. rapide, /uirriedlg. rapiditas, atis, f., sivifness. rapidus, a, um, swift, /lurried. rapina, ae, f., rohherij, plunder. rapio, ui, pt-, 3, seize, drag away.

rebellio, onis, f. -um, i, n., a renewul of war, revolt. rebellis, is, insurgent. rebello, i, torevolt,reneio/iostilities. rebito, i^ turn hack, relurn.

reboo,

i,

re-ec/io.

recaleo, 2. to keep warm. recalesco, ui, 3, recover ivarmi/i. recanto, i, c/iarm away, revoke.

recedo, cessi, cess-,

reireat, part,

3,

witlidraw,

abandon.

raptim,

violently, /lurriedly.

recello,

3,

spring back.

rapto, I, snatc/i away, lay loaste. raptor, oris, m., rohber, plunderer. raptus, [rapio,] snatc/ied, stolen. raptus, iis, m., ravis/iing byforce. rapum=rapa, twnip. rare (rarenter), seldom, rarely. rarefacio, feci, fact-, 3, ma/ce rare. raresco, 3, grow t/iin or irire.
raritas, atis,
f.,

recens, tis, fr^es/i, new, recent. recenseo, ui, sum (sit-), 2, reckon
over, review.

recensio, onis,

f.

-sus,

iis,

m.,

reviewing, register.

recenter, recenily.
i, n., a receplacl'' place of refuge. receptio, onis, f., receiving.

receptaculum,

sparseness,fewness.
F., looseness.

raritudo, inis,

recepto,

i,

tcdce

hack, recover, liar-

raro, seldom, sparsely. rarus, a, um, rare, sparse, t/iin, few. rasilis, e, smoot/ied, scraped. raster, tri, m. (-trum, n.), a ra/ce,
;

bor, admit, pull hack, ivit/idraw.

receptor

(-ator), oris, m., receiver,

concealer, /larhorer.

/loe,

mattoc/:.

rasura, ae, f., scraping, s/iaving. rasus, [rado,] scrap)ed, s/iaven.

rate, snrciy. ratio, onis, F., [reor,] reason, rec/coning, matter,regard,nioiive, view. ratiocinatio, onis, F., reasoning. ratiocinor, i, rec/con, reason.

receptus, \recvpio,'] recovered ; n., an engagenient. receptus, iis, m., retreat, refuge. recessim, hackward. recessus, [recedo,] rvii/idraivn. recessus, us, m., act or place of
retreaf, recess, departure.

recidivus,

a,

um, [cado,]

return-

ing, restored.

rationalis, e,of reason or accounis.

ratis, is, f., raft, fioat, vessel. ratiuncula, ae, F., petty rec/coning.

rato, sure/y. ratus, [reor,]

rec/coned,

recido, 3, fcdl hack, reJapse, occur. recido, si, sum, 3, cut ojf, abridge. recingo, nct-, 3, ungird, loosen. recino, [cano.] 3, resound, sing.

a,

um, supposing

recipero=recupero,

recover.

fxed, proportional.
/loarse, /lars/i.

raucus, raudus,
_Italy.

a,

um,
ae,

eris, n.,

Ravenna,
ravio,

F.,

lump (of brass). a port of N. E.

recipio, cepi, cept-, 3, retake, ivithdraw, recover, receive, undertake. reciprocatio, onis, f., cdternation.

reciproco, i, comeandgo, exc/iange. reciprocus, a, um, returning, receding, reciproccd.

4, tal/c one^s self /warse.

f., /loarseness.

ravis, im,

ravus,
rea,

a,

um, tawny ;

/loarse.

[re-, red-, bac/c

ae, f.,

or again. [reus,] defendant.

reapse,

in very fact.

recisus, a, um, cut off, ahridged. recitatio, onis, F., reading aloud. recito, i. read out, recite. reclamo (-ito), i, cry out againstj demand, resound.

160

reclinis

refocillo.

reclinis, e, leaning oackward. reclino, i, hend back, lean hack. reclivis, e -us, a, um, sloping hack. recludo, si, sum, 3, uncover, dis;

redactus, [-igo,] reduced, suhdued. redarguo, ui, iit-, 3, refute, confute. reddo, didi, dit-, 3, restore, yield.
deliver, hestow, render, copy.

close

sliut fust.

recoctus, [coquo,]/b?'^e(i.
recogito, i, rejlect. recognitio, onis, f.,
recolleciion,

redemptio, onis, f., huying-off. redemptor, oris, u., coniractor. redemptus, [-imo,] redeemed.
redeo, ii, it-, 4, relurn, he reduced, go hack, jn'oceed. redhibeo, it-, 2, give or take hack. Rediculus, i, the diviniiy causing retreat of the enemy. redigo, egi, act-, 3, drive or hring
hack, reduce, compel.

examination, review. recognosco, ovi, it-, 3, recognize, revieic, exanune. recolligo, legi.lect-, 3, gather hack. recolo, ui, cult-, 3, till again, consider, survey.

reconciliatio, onis,

f.,

reconcilia-

redimiculum,

i,

i<i.,fllet, girdle,

tion, restoring, reneu-al.

reconcilio,

i,

reconcile, restore.

reconditus, a, um, hidden,

ahstruse.

recondo,
storc

didi,
xi,

dit-,

3,

conceal,

redimio, 4, hind, icreathe, gird. redimo, emi, empt-, 3, huy hack, huy up, redeem, ohtain, atone. redintegro, i, res^tore, reneiv.
reditio,
retiirn,

away.
ct-, 3,
f.,

recoquo,

cook or forge

onis, f. revenue.

-tus,

us,

m.,

again, renioidd.

recordatio, onis, recordor, i, tliink

rememhrance. over, callto mind.

redivivus, a,um, restored, renewed. redoleo, ui, 2, yield an odor.

recrementum,

i,

n., dross, chaff.

redono, reduco,

i,

give hack, restore.

xi, ct-, 3, hring hack, cona, a,

recreo, i, restore, refresh. recrepo, ui, i, resouml. re-cresco, 3, grow again.

duct, withdraw. reduce.

reductus, reduncus,

um, um,

retired, remote.

hent hack.

recrudesco, dui,
recte

3,

grow raw again.

redundans,

tis, excessive.

recta, straiglitway, right on.

(-to), uprighthi, directly.

rediindo, i, overflow. reduvia, ae, F., hangnail, fragment.

rector, oris, m., guide, commander. rectus, [rego,] 3, upright, correct,

straight.

redux,

iicis, hrought hack, restored. refectio, onis, F., refreshment.

recubo,

i,

recline, lie
3,

recumbo, cubui,
recline, fall

hackward. lie down, sink,

refectus, [reficio,] refreshed. refello, felli, refute, repel, disprove.

refercio, si, tum, stuff', cram. referOj tuli, lat, hring hack, re.^itore, ivithdraw, repay, rej)ort, reply, convey, refer, record. refert, ( 50, iv. 4), it concerns. refertus, [refercio,] /i///, crammed. refervesco, vi, 3, (0 hoil up.

recuperatio, onis, f., recovery. recuperator, oris, N., recoverer pl., a Board of Claims. recupero, i, recover, get hack.
reciiro,
i,

care for, restore.

3,

recurro, curri, curs-,

return, recur.

run hack,

refigo, xi,

reficio, feci, fect-, 3, restore, refit. xum, unfasten, take down.

recurso, i, hasten or come hack. recursus, us, m., a return, retreat. recurvo, i, to hend hackward. recurvus, a, um, hent hack.
reciisatio, onis, F.. refusal, protest. reciiso, i, to refuse, reject. recussus [-cutio,] struck hack.

refingo, 3, make anew. reflatus, us, m., adverse ivind. reflecto, xi, xum, 3, hend or turn

hack
reflo,

animum,

reflect.

I,

hlow contrary.

refluo, 3, flow hack, overflow. refocillo, i, tvarm hack to life.

reformido
reformido, i dvead cjready. reformo, i, transform, alter.
,

remoUio.
relanguesco,

161

rejiculus, a, um. worthless. relabor, laps-, 3,fall or fiow hack.

gui, 3, slacken, relax, relatio, onis, f. ; -tus, iis, m., bringing hack, return, report. relatus, [fero,] hrought hack.

refoveo,fovi,fot-, 2, cherish, restore. refractus, Lrefringo,] hroken. refragor, i, oppose, resist. refreno, i, curb, check. refrico, cui, cat-, i, to gall or fret. refrigero, i, to cool ojfor doivn. refrigesco,ixi, 3, f/row cool, or stale. refrlngo, fregi, fract-, 3, hreak off

relaxo,

i,

loosen, ividen, relieve.

relegatio, onis, f., hanishment. relego, i, despatch, remove, hanish. re-lego, 3, gather or traverse again.

or to pieces, refugio, fugi,

destroij.
3,

relevo,

i, lift,

lighten, refresh.
f.,

Jiee hack, escape. refugium, i, n., a refuge, escape. ref ugus, a, um, receding, fleeing.

relictio, onis,

ahandonment.

refulgeo,

si, 2,

refundo,
refusus,
refiito,

fiidi, fiis-, 3, pour overfloioing, a,

i,

regaiis, e, regaliter, royally, lordly. regelo, i, to thaw. regenero, i, reproduce. regero, gessi, gest-, 3, carry or

flash hack, gleam. hack. spread. um, check, drive hack, refute. kingly ; M., pl. princes.

relictus, [-linquo,] left ; f., widow. religio, onis, f., religion, pious scruple, sacredness, oath. religiosus, a, vLm,pious, scrupulous, sacred, religious. religo, I, hind,fasten (to shore). relino, levi, 3, ujiseal, open.

fhrow hack, transcrihe. regia, ae, f., royal residence. regie, royally, despotically. regificus, a, um, regal, sumptuous.

Regillus;

a lake iri Latium, where the Latins were defeated by Postumius, b.c. 498.
m.,

relinquo, liqui, lict-, 3, leave hehind, abandon, forsake, neglect. reliquiae, arum, f., remnant, relics. reliquor, i, he in arrears. reliquus, a, um remainijig, rest of future; N., arrears oi d.ebi. relligio=religio, religion. reliiceo, xi, 2 -cesco, 3, shine out. reluctor, i, to struggle against.
;

re-maneo, 2, stay, remain, endure. remansio, onis, F., ahiding, stay.

regimen,

inis, N., guidance, rule,

remedium,
remeligo,

i,

n.,

remedy, relief

f/overiiment,

command, helm.

inis, F., hinderer.

regina, ae, F., queen, princess. regio, onis, F., [rego,] direction, bound, region, province. regius, a, um, kingly, magnificent.

remeo,

i, to

return.
4,
to

remetior, mensus,

measure

back, traverse, repass.

regnator, oris, M., ruler, sovereign. regno, i, to reign, rule, govern.

remex, igis, remigium, i,

m.,
N.,

oarsman.

regnum,

i,

n.,

royalty, reign, king-

dom, despotic authority. rego, xi, ct-, 3, rule, guide, direct. regredior, gress-, 3, return, retire.

remigo, i, to remigro, i, to journey hack. reminiscor, 3, reccdl to mind. remisse, gently, slackly. remissio, onis, F., remitting, slackening, flagging, laxity.

rowing, oars, crew. row.

regressus, iis, M., a return, retreat. regula, se, f., har, rule, model. reguluB, i, M., prince or petty ruler. Regulus, M. Atilius, a commander in the ist Puiiic War, b.c. 296. reicio=rojicio, cast hack.
rejectio, onis,
F.,

remissus, a, um, loose, lax, gentle. remitto, misi, miss-, 3, send hack,
relax, restore, yield, lull.

throwing out.

remolior, 4, move back. remollesco, 3, grow soft, remollio, it-, 4, to soften.

relax.

rejicio, je^i, ject-, 3, cast away, force hack, rejecf, drive hack.

remora,

ae, p\,

delay, hindrance.
2, vex,

remordeo, mors-,

torment.

162

remoror

requietus.
reperio, peri, pert-, 4,fnd, discover. repertor, oris, m., discoverer. repertus, iis, m., discovery. repetitio, onis, f., claim, repetition. repeto, ivi (ii) it 3, atiack again, fetch or ccdl hack, resume, repeat.

remoror, i, to delay, tarry, defcr. remote, at a distance. remotus, [moveo,] distant, separate, rcinole.

removeo, movi, mot-,

remoce,
set aside,

2,

toiihdraw,

put aicay.
soothe.

remugio, 4, helloic back. remulceo, si, sum, 2, droop,

repetundae, arum, f,, (res), ihings ciaimed on charge of extortion.

repleo, evi, repletus, a,
reply.
et-, 2,

remulcum,
rope.

i,

n.,

a warp, tow-

fU

up, satisfy.

um, full.
f.,

remuneratio, onis,
remiineror,
i,

to

f., reward. recompense.

replicatio, onis,

a folding hack,

remurmuro,
remus,
i,

i,

murmur
oar.

hack.

m.,

an

i, twin br. of Romulus'. renarro, i, teli over, relate. renascor, natus, 3, grow np again. reneo, 2, unravel, undo. renes, ura (ium), m., kidneys. renideo, 3, to shine, glimmer, smile.

Remus,

replico, i, fold hack, revolve, refiect. repo, psi, pt-, 3, to creep, crawl. repono, posui, sit-, 3, joutor hend
hack, resiore, lay hy, subsiitute.

reporto, i, bring hack, hear aicay. reposco, 3, demand or claijn back. repositorium, i, n., tray, deposit. repositus (postus), distant.
repotia, orum, n., carouse. repraesentatio, onis, f., exhihiiing, pay in cash.

renitor.

3, sirive against.

reno, i, swim hack. reno, onis m., reindeer

(?).

renodo, renovo,

i,

loosen.
f., reneical.

renovatio, onis,
i,

repraesento, i, exhibit, pay doicn, do promptly.

rej)resent,

renew, restore, revive. i, count over. renuntiatio, onis, f., report. renuntio (cio), i, hring hack word, report, retract, renounce, proclaim. renuo, nui, 3, deny, refuse. reor, ratus, to helieve, suppose.

reprehendo,

di,

sum,
f.,

3,

to

seize,

renumero,

check, blame.

reprehensio, onis,
represse, with

check, hlame.

resiraini.
3,

reprimo, pressi, press-,

rcstrain, confine, repress.

check,

repagula, orum,

n., hars, resiraints.

reprobo, i, disapprove, condemn. re-promitto, 3, hind, pledge, in

return.

repandus,
turned.

a,

um,

hent hack,

up-

reparabilis,

e, recoverahle.

reparco, 3, to spare, refrain. reparo, i, recover, restore. repastino, i, to dig again, iravel. repedo, i, retreat.
3, p>ush hack, drire away, reject, repel. rependo, di, ns, 3, iveigh or pay

repto, I, to creep, crawl. repudiatio, repudio, i [pudet,] divorce,

,

reject.

repudium,

i,

n., act

of divorce.

repello, puli, puls-,

repuerasco, 3, he a hoy again. repugnans, tis, opjwsed, contrary. repugnantia, ae, F., repugnance. repugno, i, oppose, resist, disagree.
repulsa, se, F., refusal, rejection. repulsus, [pello,] remoie. repulsus, iis, m., rebo7inding, echo. repurgo, i, purify, j)urge. reputatio, onis, F., reckoning. reputo, i, count over, reckon, think. requies, etis, F., rest, repose. requiesco, evi, et-, %find rest. requietus, a, rested, refreshed.

bnck, recompense, requi:e.

repens, tis, sudden, recent. repenso, i, counterhalance. repente, suddenly. repentinus, a, sudden, unexpected. repercussus, iis, m., reverheration. repercutio, cussi, cuss-, 3, to sjtrike
back, resound, re-echo.

requiro

retinaculum.
respondeo,
j j I

163

requiro, sivi (sii), sit-, 3, io seek ar/ahi, ask, demand, require. requisitum, i, n., a need. res, rei, f., a thlng, fact, property,
advantage, cause, affair, case. resarcio, sart-, 3, restore, patcli up.

di, sum, 2, to answer, promise, give response, accord. responsio, onis, f., reply, refutation, response.

responso (-ito), i, reply, respond. responsum, i, n., a reply, opinion.

res-publica
wealth.
(

rescindo,
;

scidi,

sciss-,

3,

cut

14,

ii,

2),

common-

down or away, lay open, abolish. rescio, 4 -scisco, 3, ascertain.

rescribo, psi, pt-, 3, reply in writing, give a decision or rescript. reseco, ui, ct-, i, cut loose, restrain. resecro, i, implore repeatedly. reseda, 9b, f., mignonette. resero, i, unlock, disclose. resero, sevi, 3, plant again. reservo, i, keep back, save up. reses, idis, remaining idle, stagnant. resex, ecis, n., a branch, cut in. resideo, sedi, 2, remain, stay behind, abide, be idle.

respuo, ui, 3, spit back, reject. restagno, i,overfioic, lie under water.
restauro,
i,

restore,

renew.

restibilis, e, restored, resoivn.

restinguo, nxi, nct-, 3, extinguish. restipulor, i, to engage in return.

restis, is, im (em), e, F., rope, cord. restito, i, loiler. restituo, ui, iit-, 3, set up again, deliver back, restore, reccdl. restitxitio, onis, f., restoring, replacing, reinsiating. resto, stiti, i, stay, remain, resist. restricte, sparingly.

resido, sedi,

3, settle, subside.

residuus,
standing

a,
;

um,

remaining, out-

n. pl., arrears.

resigno,

i,

unseal, open, cancel.

resilio, ui, 4, spring back, recoil. resimus, a, um, Jiattened back.

resina,

ae, f., resin, rosin.

resinosus,

a,

um, gummy,

resinous.

resipio, 3, savor, smack, taste. resipisco, ivi (ii), 3, recover senses. resisto, stiti, 3, stand, stay, oppose. resolutio, onis, f., slackening. resoliitus, a, um, relaxed. resolvo, vi, iitum, 3, loosen, release, unbind, relax, annul. r^sono, avi, i, resound, re-echo. resonus, a, um, resounding. resorbeo, 2, suck or swallow back.

restrictus, a, um, strict, stingy. restringo, nxi, ct-, 3, draw back, bind fast ; unfasten, disclose. resulto, I, leap back, re-echo. re-sum, esse, fui, remain, abide. resiimo, mpsi, mpt-, 3, iake back, resume, restore. resupino, i, bend back, break down. resupinus, a, um, bent backward, on ihe back, negligeni, sioihful.

resurgo, rexi, rect-, 3, rise again. resuscito, i, revive. resutus, a, um, ripped open. retardatio, onis, F., delay. retardo, i, io hinder, delay.
rete,
is, n., nei,

snare.

retego, xi,

respecto, i, to look back, wait, have regard to. respectus, us, m., a looking back,
regard, consideration.

retendo,

ct-, 3, uncover, lay bare. di, (sum), tum, 3, unbend.

retentio, onis, f., holding back. retento, i, hold back ; iry again. retentus, [tendo,] relaxed ; [tineo]
kepi, retained.

respergo, si, sum, 3, besprinkle. respersio, onis, f., sprinkling. respiciens, tis, regardful,provident. respicio, exi, ect-, 3, look back on,
regard, respecf, consider. respiratio, onis, f., breathing. respiro, i, breathe back,iakebreath.

retexo, xui, xt-,

3,

unweave, annul;

iceave over, repeai.

retiarius, i, m., a net-fghter. reticentia, ae, f., silence. reticeo, ui, 2, keep sileni, conceal.

resplendeo,

2, to glitter.

reticulum, i, n., a little net, bag. retinaculum, i, n., band, hawser.

164
retinens, retineo,
tis, tenacious.

retinens

rigor.
revorto=reverto,
return.

ui,

tent-,
si,

2,

hold back,
hiirl hack,

revulsus, [revello,] torn away.

rex, regis, m.,
ki)ig,
i,

check; preserve, maintain.

chief tyrant

retorqueo,
twist,

tum,

2,

Rhadamanthus,
Rhamnusius,
nus, a

tcrap about.

myth. brother of Minos, a judge in Hades.

Tyrol.
f., a,

retractatio, onis, F,, hesitation. retraotio, onis, f., icithdrawal. retracto, i, handle again; luithdraw, refuse, retract. retractus, a, ura, remote. retraho, xi, ct-, 3, withdraw, keep or drag back. retribuo, ui, iit-, 3, restore, repay.

Rhetia=Raetia,

um,

of Rhani-

town of Attica. Rhea Sylvia, mother of Romulus.

rheda, se, f., carriage, chariot. rhedarius, i, m., coachman. Rheginus, a, um, of Rhegium, at the southern point of Italy. Rhenus, i, m., the Rhine, eastern boundary of Gaul. Rhesus, i, myth. prince of Thrace, killed by Diomed and Ulysses.
f rhetor, oris, m., rhetorician, orator. f rhetoricus, a, um, of a rhetori-

retrimentum,

i,

n.,

dregs,

sedi-

ment. retro, backward, back^formerlg.

retrorsum
backward.
retriido,

(-sus),

retroversus,
back. back,

sum,

3, thrust

retundo, tudi,

tiis, 3, to beat

cian

; F.,

rhetoric, oratory.

blunt, check, reslrain.

retiisus (-tunsus), a, um, blunted. reus, i, m., rea, ae, f., one arraigned, on trial ; defendant or debtor. reveho, xi, ct-, 3, carrg back. revello, velli, vuls-, 3, tear away. revelo, i, unveil, disclose. revenio, veni, vent-, 4, to return. revera, infact.

rhinoceros, otis, m., rhinoceros. Rhipaeus, a, um, Scyfhian ; m. pl., mts. of northern Scythia. Rhodanus, i, m., the Rhone, a river
of S. E. Gaul.

Rhodope,
Tlirace
;

es, f.,

a mt. range of

-eius, a,
F.,

um,

Tliracian.

Rhodos,
S.

i,

the island RhodeSy

reverendus,

a,

um,

venerable.

reverens, tis, respectful. reverentia, ae, F., respect, reverence. revereor, itus, 2, to stand in awe,
revere, regard, respect.

Minor. prom. at the mouth of Hellespont, near Troy. rhombus, i, m., magic circle, turbot. rhoraphaea, ee, f., a barbaric jave-

W. from Asia
i,

Rhceteum,

hn.
f

reversio, onis, f., a turning back. revertor (-to), sus, 3, to turn back,
revert, return.

rhoncus,

i,

m., snore, sneer.

f rhiis, rhois, m., sumach. f rhythmos, i, m., harmony,

rhythm.

revimentum,

i,

n., fringe.

rica, 96, f.

-cinium,

i,

N., head-veil.

revincio, nxi, nct-, 4, bindfast. revinco, ci, ct-, 3, conqiter, convict. reviresco, rui, 3, to groio green or
sfrong again.

ricinus, i, N., sheep-tick. rictus, iis, M., the open mouth. rideo, si, sum, 2, laugh (at), sinile. ridiculose, laughdJjly.

reviso, 3, look back on, return. revivisco, vixi, 3, to revive.

revocatio, onis, revoco, i, call

,

f., recalling.

back, fetch back,

ridiculosus, a, um, laughable. ridiculus, a, um, funny, ridiculous, absurd; M., jester ; l<i.,Jest. rigens, tis, stijf, rigid, frozen.
rigeo, ui,
2, to

recall, revoke, regain, withhold.

be

stiff,

numb.

revolo, i //// back. revolvo, vi, iit-, 3, roll back, unfold,

repeat
; p.,

rigesco, gui, 3, rigidus, a, ura,

rigo,
I,

to stijfen, hardeji.
stijf,

hard, stern.

retiirn.

to

water, moisten.

revomo,

ui, 3, disgorge.

rigor, oris, m., stijfness, numbness.

nguus
riguus, a, um, irrigating, luatered. rima, ae, F,, crack, chlnk, crevice.

rumex.
rosmarinus,
mary.
1,

165
m. (-um.
n.),

rose-

rimor, i, turn up, rummage, explore. rimosus, a, um,full of C7xicks.

ringor, rict-,
3, S7iarl, sfiow the teetli.

rostra, orum, the orator's platform in the Forum. rostratus, a, um, ar^ned or adorned
ivith points,

ripa, ae, f., river-hank. riparius, a, um, on the hank. (riscus, i, M., trunk, chest.
risus, us, M., laughter. rite, in due order. ritus, iis, m., rite, custom, ceremony.
rivalis, e, of a hank ; m., rival ; pl., neighhors (on the same brook).

heaked.

rostrum, i,

N., heak, hill, ship''^ heak.

rosus, [rodo,] g^iawn.

rota (-ula), ee,

roto,

f.,

wheel, disk, chariot.

revolve.

I, to tu7')i, ivhi^i,

rotundo, i, to make round. rotundus, a, um, round, well-turned.

rube-facio,
3, to 7-edde)i.

rivuius, rivus, i,

i,

n.,

rill.

N., stream, brook,

channel.

rubens, tis, rubeo, bui,

red, hlushing.
2, to be red, hlush.

rixa, ae, f., quarrel, contest. rixor, i, wrangle, quarrel, conflict.

ruber, bra, um, red; mare, the Red ^'ea(Arabian and Persian Gulfs).

robiginSsus, a, um, rusty. robigo, inis, F,, rust, mildew. roboreus, a, um, oaken. roboro, i, to strengthen. robur, oris, n,, knotty oak (trunk
or timber), huJk, strength, vigor.

rubesco, bui,

3, to

groiv red, hlush.

rubeta, orum, n., hra^nhles. rubeus, a, um, i-ed; ofhi-anihles. Rubico, onis, m., a river of N. Italy, bounding Caesar's province. rubidus (-cundus), a, um, 7-uddy.

robustus, a, um, oaken, frm. rodo, si, sum, 3, to gnaw, corrode,

hackhite.

riibigo=robigo, rust, hlight. rubor, oris, m., red)iess, blusJt.

rubrica,
ge, F.,

red

ea)-th

or chalk.

rodus=raudus,

lump.

rubrus=ruber,

?efZ.

rogatio, onis, F., inquiring, prop)osal (of a bill), request. rogator, oris, M.,proposer (of a law).

rogatus,
rogito,
I,
I,

lis,

M., request.

ask eagerly, entreat.

ask, solicit (votes),
M.,

rubus, i, m., h)'a7iihle, blackhe)'7'y. ructo, I, to helch. ructus, iis, m., helching. rudectus, a, um, ruhhishy, p^oor. rudens, tis, m., 7'ope, co)'d, cordage.
rudiarius,
i,

rogo,

pro-

m., [rudis,] discharged

pose (a law), request.

gladiator,

presented with a rod.

i,

rogus,

i,

funeral pile.
753.
first

rudimentum,
7)ie)it,

n.,

atte))ipt,

7'udi-

Roma, se, Rome, founded B.C. Romanus, a, um, lloman.

Romulus, i, the founder and k. of Rome, b.c. 7S?)-7^7rorarii,

orum,

M., [ros,] skirmishers.

roro, I, to drop, trickle, hedew. ros, roris, m., dew, moisture; marinus, rosemary. rosa, 6, F., a rose. rosarius, a, um, of roses ; 'N.,7-osehed or garden.

rude begiiDiing. rudis, e, raw, rude ; (as noun) brute. rudis, is, F., a 7'od, fe)icing-foil. rudo, ivi, it-, 3, to roar, hray. rudus, eris, N., ruhhle, soil, 7'uhbish. rufo, I, to dye or siain 7'ed. rufus (-ulus), a, um, red, red-hai)'ed. riiga, ae, a ivrinkle, crease.
rugitus, rugo, I, ruina,
iis,

M., roa)'ing, 7'U7)ihling.

to crease, ivrinkle. a,

rugosus,

um,

wrinkled, furrowed.
to

roscidus,

a,
i,

um,

deioy, wet.
roses, full

se, ruin, dow)ifall.

a,

rosetum,
roseus,

n., rose-hed.

ruinosus,

um, going

a,

um, of

of

ruma,

se, f.,

= rvimis,
n., throat.

ruin.

h)'east.

roses, rosy.

runien, inis,

Rosea,

ae,

a town of N. E. Italy.

rumex,

icis, sorrel,

a kind of dart.

166
ruaiifico,
i, to

rumifico

sagitto.
'

mnle

report.

Ruminalis ficus, a fig-tree, where Romulus was nursed by a wolf.

riiminor,
rurais,
i,

cheio the cud, ruminate.

talk,

is, f., hreast.

riimor, oris, m.,

rumor, repute.
3,

rumpo,

rupi, rupt-,
i,

hreak, burst,

biterrupt, destroy.

rumpus,

m., vine-hranch, runner.

i,

sabulosus, a, um, gravelly. saburra, ae, f., sand, ballast. saburro, i, to load with hallast. saccarius, a, um, laden ivith sacks. fsaccharon, i, n., cane-juice. sacco, I, to strain, filter. sacculus. i, N., fltering-hag, purse. saccus, i, M., sack, hag, ivallet. sacellum, i, n., shrine.

riimusculus,

m., gossip.

riina, ae, f., dart.

runco, I, to lueed out, pluck. runco, onis, m., a grub-hoe.

ruo, rui, ruthasten, cast
(ruit-;, 3, to rush,fall,

sacer, cra, crum, sacred, holy; accursed; n., a sacred thing or act ; pl., sacred vessels or rites.

sacerdos, otis, c, priest, priestess. sacerdotium, i, n., priesthood.

down orforth.

sacramentum,
jjosit; suit at

a rock, clijf. rupex, icis, m., a boor, clown. riipina, ae, f., cleft, chasm. ruptor, oris, breaker, violator. ruptus, [rumpo,] hroken. riiralis, e, of the country. riiricola, ae, c, rustic, tilling the
rupes,
is, f.,

i, n., pledge or delaw ; military oath.

sacrarium,

i,

n., shrine, chapel.

sacratus, a, um, halloiced, sacred. sacricola, ae, c, officiating pjriest. sacrificium, i, n., sacrifce.
soil.

sacrifico, i I0 offer sacrifice. sacrificus, a, um, sacrifcial.

,

ruro, I, to lioe in the couniry. rursus, hackward, again. rus, riiris, x., the country ; riiri, in, and rure, from the country. ruscum, i, n., hulcher''^ broom.

sacrilegium,

i,

n.,

profanation,

sacrilege, violation

ofsacred things.

sacrilegus, a, um, sacrilegious, profane, impious. sacro, I, to consecrate, devote.

russus

(-eus), a,
a,

rusticanus,

um, red. um, of rustics.

sacrosanctus,

a,

um,

inviolahle.

sacrum,

i,

n.,

a sacred thing.
age.

rusticatio, onis, f., country life. rustice, clownishly. rusticitas, atis, f., tillage, rusticity, the country folk. rusticor, i, to Uve in the country. rusticus, a, um, rural; m., a rustic.
riita, ae, f., rue, hitterness.

saeclum=seculum,
saepe, often.

saepenumero, again and saBpes=sepes, hedge.

saBta=seta,
hristle.

again.

seeve, seeviter, fiercely. saevio, i, to rage, befierce or

saevitia,
ae, f.,

violent.

rutabulum,
rutilo, 1, rutilus, a,

N.,fire-shovel. 7nake reddish, gloiu ivith red.

i,

rage,ferocity.

um,

rutrum,

i,

golden-red. n., spade, shovel.

scevus, a, um, enraged,fierce, cruel. saga, ae, f., fortune-teller. sagacitas, atis, f., keenness, sagacity,

Rutuli, orum, a peopleof Latium.

shrervdness.

S.

Sabaeus, a, um, of Saba (Sheba), in Arabia Fehx. sabbata, orum, N., Sahbath. Sabellus Sabinus, Sabine, of the highlands cast of Rome. sabulo, onis, m., gravSl.

sagaciter, shrewdly, keenly. sagatus, a, um, clad in a mantle. sagax, acis, keen-scented, shrewd. sagina, ae, ., feediiig, cramming. sagino, i, to fatten, pamper, enrich. sagitta, ee, f., arrow. sagittarius, a, um, of arrows ; M.,
arclier.

sagittifer, fera, arrow-hearing.

sagitto, at-,

i,

io shoot

arrows.

sagma

sanitas.

167
a,

sagma, se, f., pack-saddle, sagura (-ulum), i, N., icoollen mantle

;

saltuosus,

um,

well-ivooded.

Saguntum, i, sagus, a, um,

sarcasm.

a mUUarij cioak. a town in Spain.

prophetic.
;

saltus, us, M., a leap, spring ; forest (with open spaces), glade. saliiber, bris, bre, healthful, sound,
ivell,

serviceahle.
F.,

sal, salis, m., scdt

the sea

pl. loit,

salubritas, atis,

healthfulness.

saliibriter, wli olesomely.

Salacia, se, goddess of the Sea, wife of Neptune. Salamis, is, F., an I. near Athens,

salum,
salus,

i,

N.,

open

sea, the deep.

iitis, F.,

health, safety, greet-

ing, salutation.

where Xerxes was def

salarius,
a,

b.c. 480.
N,,
salt-

saliitaris, e,

um, of

salt ;

vionei/ (soldier's pay).

salax, acis. [salio,] lustful. saiebra, ae, f., a rugged loay. salebrosus, a, um, rugged, rough. Salentinus, a, S. E. of Italy. Salernum, i, n., a coast-town of

hecdthful, saving (as the letter A, for acquittal). saliitatio, onis, F., greeting. salutator, oris, M., greeter, visitor.

saliitifer (-ger), era, hringing, saluhrious.

um,

health-

Picenum.
Saliaris,
e,
i,

salictum,

of the SaHi. n., wiUow-grove.

salientes, ium, pl., loater-springs. salignus, a, um, of willow. Salii, orum, priests of Mars.

saluto, I, keep safe, scdute, ivait on. salve, tveU, in good case. salve, hail! orfareweU! salveo, 2, he iveU ( 38, v.). salvus, a, um, safe, sound. sambiica, se, f., a shriU instrument.

sambiicus,

i,

f.,

ehier-hush.

Same, es=Cephalenia.
Samnites, ium, people of Samnium, an inland dist. of S. E.
Italy,

arum, F., salt-ivorks. salinum (-Uum), i, N., salt-cellar.

salince,
salio,
it-, 4, to salt.

conquered,
i,

b.c. 290.

salio, ui, salt-, 4, leap,

jump.
savor.

Samos,

f.,

an

I.

near Ephesus.

saliunca,
saliva,

ae, f.,

wild nard.

se, F., spit, slime,

salix, icis,

f., ivillow.

sanabilis, e, curcd)le. sanatio, onis, F., healing. sancio, nxi, nct-, 4, ratify, sanction:

salmacidus, a, um, salt and sour. Salmacis, idis, a clear fountain in Caria the fountain-nymph. Salmoneus, son of Sisyphus, who
;

sancte, sacredly, scrupulously.

sanctimonia,

se, F.,

sancfily,purity.

vied with the

Jupiter.

thunderbolt

of

sanctio, onis, f., ordaining. sanctitas, atis, F., sacredness. sanctus, a, um, sacred, venerahle,

Salmonis, idis, Tyro, daughter of Sahuoneus.

sandalium,

pious, just, pure. i, N., sandal, slipper.

salsamentum,
salse,
loittily,

i,

N., hrine.

keenly.

salsura, ae, f., pickle, hrine. salsus, a, um, keen, ivitty, salt. saltatio, onis, F., dancing. -trix, icis, saltator, oris, m. dancer.
;

sandapila, ae, F., a hier. sandaraca, ae, f., a red dye-stuff. sandix, icis, f., vermilion, scarlet. sane, sensihly, soundhj, trtdy, to he sure, no douht. sanguinalis, e -arius, a, um, 0/
;

F.,

hlood, hloody.

sanguineus
,

(-olentus),

a,

um, of

saltem,
salto,
I,

at least,
to

amjhow.

dance, exhihit or accom-

with dance. saltuarius, i, M., forester. saltuatim, hy leaps, skippingly.

pany

hlood, hloody, hlood-red. sanguino, i to hleed, run ivitli hlood. sanguis, inis, m., hlood, race, vigor.

sanies, em, e, f., hloody matter. sanitas, atis, f., heaUh, soundness.

168

saiina

Scsevola
satin, enough? satio, i,fill, satiate, satisfy. satio, onis, f., [sero,] sowing. satira=satura, medley. satiricus, a, satirical. satis, enough. satis-facio, 3, give satisfaction. satisfactio, onis, f., satisfaction, justifcation, reparation. satius, [satis,] hetter, rather.

f sanna, se, f., a mocking (jrhnace. sano, I, inake sound, heal, allaij. santana, ae, F., horax. sanus, a, um, sound, sane, discreet. sapa, ae, f., thickened must. f saperda, ae, f., herring. sapidus, a, um, savory. sapiens, tis, loise, discreet, skilled. sapienter, prudenthj, sensihhj. sapientia, ee, f., -wisdom, good sense. sapinus, i, .,Jir-tree.

sapio, ivi (ii), 4, taste or savor have sense, understand.

of,

sapo, onis, m., soap. sapor, oris, m., taste, savor; dainty. Sappho, us, a poetess of Leshos. sarcina, ae, f., package, hurden. sarcinarius, a, um, of haggage.
si, tum, 4, to patch, repcur. sarcophagus, a, um, flesh-consuming ; m., sepulchre. sarculum, i, n., a light hoe. sarda (-ina), ae, f., sardine. Sardanapalus, an efFeminate king

sativus, a, um, [sero,] planted. sator, oris, m., soiver, author,father. satrapes, ge (-ps, is), M., a satrop (royal governor), viceroy. satrapea (-ia), ee, f., satrapy, province.

sarcio,
f

satullus, a, um, satisfed, filled. satur, ura, um, sated,full, ahundant. satura, ae, f., medley, satire. satureia, ae, f., savory. saturitas, atis, ., fubiess, satiety. Saturnalia, orum, ibus, n., festiv(d of Saturn (Dec. 17), Saturnius, a, um, of Saturn ;
m.,

of Assyria,

d. b.c. 820.

Jupiter ;

F.,
i,

Juno.

Sardes
Sardus,

(is),

ium, capital of Lydia.

Sardinian.
F.,

Saturnus,
saturo,

m.,

god of Husbandry.

a,

um,

i,fill, cloy, satiate.

fsarissa, ae, nian lance.

a long Macedo-

satus,[sero,]so?6'n,p/a??^<?J; M..,son.

Sarmatia,
sia.

e,

soutli-western Rus-

satus, us, M., soiving, planting, stock. satyrus, i, m., an ape ; satyr (goatfootecl wood-deities).

sarmen,

inis, N., hrushioood.

sarmentum, i, n., faggot, fasrinc. Sarpedon, onis, son of Jupiter

and Europa, slain at Troy. sarpo, ptum, 3, prune, trim. Sarra, ae, f., Tyre ; -anus, a um,
Tyrian, purple.

saucio, I, to ivound, hurt, stah. saucius, a, um, ivounded, hurt, sick. savillum, i, n., cheese-cake.

savior=suavior, kiss. e, among rocks. saxetum, i, N., rocky place. saxeus (osus), a, um, stony,
saxatilis,

rocky.

sarracum,

i,

n., cart,

waggon.

saxum,

i,

n., stone, rock, houlder.

i,

sarrio, ui (ivi), itum, 4, to hoe. sarritor, oris, m., iveeder.

scabellum,

N., footstool.

sartago, inis,

f., frying-pan. sartor, oris, m., hotcher, mender. sartus, [sarcio,] repaired. sat=satis, enough, sufficient. sata, orum, n., [sero,] crops. satago, 3, have one\^ handsfuU,pay. satelles, itis, c, attendant, accom-

scaber, bra, um, rough, scurfy. scabies, ei, f., scurf eruption. scabiosus, a, um, scurfy. scabo, bi, 3, to scratch. scabratus, a, um, Jagged.
scabritia, ae -es, ei, f., roughness. Scaea porta, west gate of Troy.
;

scaena=scena,
scaevitas, atis,

stage.
.,

plice; pl., escort.

aivkwardness.
at-

satias (-etas), atis,

satiety, disgust.

f.,

sufficiency,

Scaevola, ae, C. Mucius, who tempted to kill Porsenna.

scaevus
scaevuS;
tJie left, aiokward, omen. scalae, arum, f., a Jiiglit of stairs, ladder, scaling ladders in a siege.

scoria.
scibilis, e, knowahle.

169

a,

um, on
F.,

unluckij

sciens, tis, knowing, skilled. scienter, knowingly. scientia, ae, f., knowledge, skill.
scilicet, plainly, no douht, surely. scilla, ae, f., sea-onion, squilL

scalmus,

i,

n., thole-pin.
3, to cut, scrape.
i,

scalpo, psi, pt-,

scalprum

(-pellum),

n., knife,

scalptura, ae, f., cutting, engraving. scalpturio, 4, scratch (like a hen).

scin==scisne, knoiv^^st f scindo, scidi, sciss-,

3,

to

cut,

scambus,
scamillus,

a,
i,

um,
m.,

little

handy-legged. hench.
n.,

hreak, part, rend, split. scintilla, ae, f., a spark, glimmer. scintillo, I, sparkle.

fscamma,
ground.

atis,

wrestling-

scamnum,
t

i,

n., stool, hench, ridge.

scio, 4, know, understand; ordain. scipio, onis, m., staff. Scipio, onis, a noble family-name,

scandalum, i, n., stumhUng-hlock. scando, di, sum, 3, climh, mount.

scandula,
scansilis,
t
ae, f.,

a shingle.

including the two conquerors of Carthage. Sciron, onis, a robber of Attica,

slain

e, that

may

he climhed.

by Theseus.
(-iculus),
F.,

scapha, ae, fscaphium,

shoulders.

F., boat, skijf.

i,

scirpeus
rushes
;

a,

um,

of

n., hasin, boivl.

f.,

hasket-work.

scapulae, arum,

shoulder-hlades,

tscapus,
scarifico,

i,

M., shaft, stem.

I,

scratch open.

scirpo, I, to plait ofrushes. scirpus, i, hulrush, riddle. sciscitor, i, mquire, examine. scisco, scivi, scit-, 3, to searchj
enact.
.

tscarus, i, n., a sea-fish (ivrassef). scatebra, ge, f., gushing-up. scateo, 2 scaturio, 4, to huhhle, gush, ahound.
;

scissilis, e, cleavahle, rent.

scissiira, ae,

f.,-

rent, cleft.
split,

scissus, [scindo,]

cloven.

tscaurus,
kles.

a,

um,

tvith

swollen an-

scitamenta, orum,

n., delicacies.

scelerate, ivickedly. sceleratus, a, um, criminal, ivicked, pernicious ; M., scoundrel. scelero, i, pollute, desecrate.

scite, skilfuUy, elegantly. scitor, I, ask, inquire. scitulus, a, um, pretty, elegant. scitus, [scisco,] shrewd, skilful,
sensihle,

eloquent.
i,

scelerosus

(scelestus), ivicked, ahominahle. sceleste, ivickedly.

a,

um,

t sciiirus,

m.,
;

squirrel.
iis,

scitum,

i,

n.

-tus,

m., decree,

scelus, eris,

n., crime, fault, misfortune; rascal. t scena, ee, stage (of theatre).

ordinance. scius, a, um, knowing.

scenicus,

a,

um, of the
;

stage, the-

atrical, fictitious

m., actor.

scobina, ae, F., a rasp. scobis (bs), F., saivdust, filings. tscolopax, acis, m., woodcock. fscomber, bri, m., mackerel (f).
j-scomma, atis, N., scoff', taunt. scopae, arum, F., twigs, brooms. scopio, onis, M., grape-stalk. tscopos, i, M., mark, aim.

tsceptrum,
t

i,

n., sceptre,

domimo7i.

scheda, se, f., strip of papyrus. t schedius, a, um, off-hand. fschema, atis, n., shape, fashion.
fschistos,
t
a,
i,

schcenus,

on, cleft. m. -um, N., a rush.

;

fschola,

ae, f., leisure, school, sect.

\ scholasticus, a, um, ofthe schools m., pedant, rhetorician.

scopulosus, a, um, rocky, craggy. t scopulus, i, N., a rock, crag, cliff. scopus, i, M., stem, stalk. scordalus, i, m., tvrangler, brawler.
scoria,
ae, f., dross, slag.

170

scorpio

secundo.
scyphus, i, m., cup, goblet. Scyros, i, an island near Euboea. Scythae, arum, Scylhians, people of Russia and Tartary. se (sui), himself ^c. ( 19, 11.).
t

scorpio, onis, m., scorjnon. scorteus, a, um, of leather. scortum, i, n., skin ; a harlot, dbandoned woman. Sc3ti, orum, people of Scotland. screo, I, to haiok, hem.
scriba, ae, M., clerk, scribe. scribo, psi, pt-, 3, to ivrite, enroll.

[se-(sed-), loithout, aside; a\so, Jialf Sebethis, f., of Sebethos (a stream

scrinium,
sition.

i,

n., desk, hook, chest.

F.,

near Naples). sebosus, a, um, greasy.

scriptio, onis,

wriling,

compo-

sebum,

i,

n., tallow, grease.

3,

secedo, cessi, cess-,

secede, revolt, dissent.

withdraw,

scriptito, I, write frequently. scriptor, oris, M., writer, author.

secerno, crevi, cret-,

separate, dist ing u ish

3,

put apart,

scriptum,
scriptiira,
sition.

i,

N.,

a
f.,

loriting, edict.
loriting,

se,

compo-

secessio, onis,

f.,

withdrawal, in-

surrection, secession.
loritien.

scriptus, [scribo,]

secessus,

iis,

m., loithdrawal, retire-

scrobis

(bs), d., ditch, trench, dike.

scrofa, 36, F., a sow. scriipeus (-osus), a, um, sharp,

rough, steep.

ment, solitude. secius, [secus,] less. secliido, si, sum, 3, shut

off,

seclude,

scriipulosus,
ious, exact.

a,

um,

jagged, anx-

separate, confine, exclude. seclum=seculum, age.

scrupulus,
scriipus,
ety,
i,

i,

M. (^^ of oz, &c.),

seco,

secliisus, a, um, remote, apart. ui, sect-, i, cut, loound, divide.

sloth.
i,

anxiety, scruple.
M.,

secordia=socordia,
stone, anxi-

a rough

secretarium,

n.,

a secret place,

soUcitude.

scruta, orum, n., trash. scrutator, oris, M., investigator. scrutor, i, to search, examine.

council-chamber. secretio, onis, f., separation.

secreto

(-te),

apart, secretly.
retired,

secretus, [secerno,]
den, secret
;

hid-

sculpo, psi, pt-, 3, carve, engrave. sculponeae, arum, f., loooden clog.
carved. sculptor, oris, M., carver. sculptura, ae, f., engraving.

n., secret place.

sculptilis,

e,

secta, ae, f., a beaten path, sect. sectarius, a, um, [seco,] mutilated. sectator, oris, m., follower, partisan ; pl., retinue, escort.
sectilis, e, cut, divided.

scurra, se, M., a dandy, buffbon. scurrilis, e, scurrilous, jesting.

scurror,
sciitale,
i,

play the buffbon.

thong (of sling).

sectio, onis, f., cutting, dividing. sector, oris, m., cutter, divider,

is, n.,

scutariua, i, N., shiehl-maker. scutatus, a, um, armed tcith shield. scutella, ae, f., tray, loaiter. scutica, ae, f., lash, lohip.

purchaser at pubhc sale. sector, i,follow eagerly.

sectiira, ae, f., cutiing; pl., mines. sectus, [seco,] cut. secubo, ui, i, to lie alone. secularis, e, of the seculum, secidar.

scutra

(-tula), ae, f., dish, tray.

ae, f., rod, roller.

fscutula,

seculum,

i,

n., race, breed,

genera-

sciitum (-ulum), i, n., a long shield (of boards and leather). Scylla, ae, a rock riear Sicily myth. d. of Phorcys, changed also, d. of to a sea-monster Nisus, k. of Megara.
;

tion, age, century.

secum,

[sui,] loith himself.

secundani, of the id legion. secundarius, a, um, second-rate. secunde, favorably. secundo, secondly, a second time.

secundo
secundo,
i,

semis.
segnitia,
ae,

171
f.
;

(lirectfavoraUy, adjust.

secundum, after, next, accordmg to. secundus, a, um, [sequor,] /o//oi^ing, next,favorahle, propitious ;

-es,

em,

e,

sloth,

indolence.

se-

cundo

flumine, down stream.

secure, heedlessly, fearlessly. securicula, ae, f., liatcliet. securis, is, f., axe, liatcliet, deathdominion. securitas, tatis, f,, safety, unconhloui,

segrego, i, [grex,] set apart. sejugatus, a, um, apart. sejugis, is, m., a six-horse team. sejungo, nxi, nct-, 3, part, disjoin,
separate.
officer of Tiberius. selectio, onis, f., choosing. selectus, [seligo,] chosen.

Sejanus, an

cern, negligence.

securus,

a,

um,

[cura,] free of

Seleucus, i, a general of Alexander, king of Syria, B.c. 280.

selibra, ae, F., halfpound. seligo, legi, lect-, 3, to separate,
call out, select.

care, easy, careless, safe.

secus, otlierwise, ill, heside. secutor, oris, M., follower.

sed

(set), hut.

sella (-ula),
sellaria,

ae, f., seat, chair,

saddle.

sedate, calmly. sedatio, onis, f., calming. sedatus, [sedo,] calm, sedate. sedecies, i6 times.

ae, f.,

sitting-room.

sellisternia, orum, n., to female deities.

banquets

semanimis,

e,

halfalive.

sedecim,

sixteen.

sedecula, ae, f., a low stool. sedentarius, a, um, sitting. sedeo, sedi, sess-, 2, sit, continue,
settle,

semel, once, once for all, the frst time, at any time. Semele, es, daughter of Cadmus, mother of Bacchus.

suhside, stay fast.

semen,

sedes,

is, f.,

sedile, is, seditio, onis, f., sedition, discord. seditiose, seditiously.

a seat, foundation. n., a seat, cliair.

jjosterity, origin

inis, n., [sero,] seed, scion, or element.

sementifer, era, um, seed-hearing. sementis, is, f., sowing, seed-time.

sementivus,
semestris,
3,

a,

seditiosus,
tious,

a,

um,

um, of

seed-time.

factious, sedi-

quarrelsome.
allay, calm.
icitli-

sedo,

I, to settle,

semesus, semet, himself.

semi-, half

halfyearly. [edo,] half-eaten.

seduco,

xi, ct-, 3, lead apart,

draw, avert, mislead. seductio, onis, f., taking aside.

semianimis, e;
alive.

-us, a,

um,

half-

seductor, oris, M., misleader. seductus, a, um, remote, lofty.

sedulitas, atis,
F., zeal, diligence.

semideus, a, um, halfdivine. semiermis, e, halfarmed.

semifer, era,

um, halfheast,
a,

savage.

sedulo, diligently, on purpose. sedulus, a, um, husy, diligent.

semihomo,
seminarius,

inis, n.,

halfman. um, [semen,] 0/

sedum,
corn,

i,

n., houseleek.
f.,

seed ; n., nursery, seminary.

seges, etis,
soil,

cornfeld, standing

crop, produce.

Segesta, segestra

ae, f.,

a city of N. Sicily.
;

(-tria), se, f.

-tre, is, n.,

ivrapper (of straw). egmen, inis -tum, i, n., [seco,]

;

strip, slice.

seminator, oris, M., author. seminecis (gen.), halfdead. seminium, i, n., stock, hreed. semino, i, soiv, heget, produce. semipes, pedis, m., halffoot. semiputatus, a, um, halfpruned. Semiramis, is (idis), queen of
Assyria, B.c. 1225
?

egmentatus, a, um, trimmed. segnis, e, slow, slothful. egniter, slowly, lazily.

semirutus, a, um, halfdemolished. semis, issis, half, 6 per cent.

172

semisomiius
a,

sequestro.
seorsum,
separately, hy
itself.

semisomnus,
semita,
se, f.,
;

um, half

asleep.

footpath, hy-way. semitalis, e -arius, a, um, ofpaths. semiustulatus, a, um, half-hurnt. semiustus, [uro,] hlasted, scorched.

semivir,

i,

m., ha/f-man, effeminate.

semivivus, a, um, half-aUve. semivocalis, e, halfvocal (as

tle),

seorsus, a, um, separate. separ, paris, separate. separatim, apayi, separately. separatio, onis, f., separation. separatus, a, um, separate, distinct. separo, i, to part, separate.
sepelio, ivi (ii), pult-, 4, to hury. sepes, is, f., hedge, fence.
f sepia, 88, F., cuttle-fish. sepimen, inis, n., fence, enclosure.

cat-

not qidte

dumh.

semotus, a, um, distant. se-moveo, 2, to put aside. semper, always. sempiternus, a, um, everlasting. semuncia, se, f,, halfounce, trifie. senaculum, i, N., council-hall.
senarius, a, um, of six each. senator, oris, M., senator. senatorius, a, um, of the senate. senatus, xis (i), M., Senate (council of elders), or heads of the
patrician order.

sepio, psi, pt-,

4, to hedge, fence.
3,
to

sepono, posui, posit-,

put

aside, cull oid, withdraio, hanish.

sepositus, a, um, distant, choice. seps, sepis, a venomous serpent. sepse, one's self

septem,

seven.

September, bris, M., Septemher. septemdecim, sevenieen. septemgeminus, a, um; -plex,

plicis, seven-fold.

senatusconsultum,
of
the Senate.
ae,

i,

n.,

decree

septemtrio, onis,
a Stoic writer in
Bear, north.

m.,

the

Polar

Seneca,

m.,

the time of Nero, a.d. 3-65. senecta, se -tus, iitis, f., old age. senectus, a, um, old. senesco, senui, 3, grow old, decay. senex, senis, old; m., old man.
;

septemviri, orum, n., Board of Seven (for dividing lands, &c.).

septendecim,

seventeen.

septeni, ae, a, seven each. septies (ens), seven times.

a, um, of the seventh. Septimontium, i, n., circuit ofthe seven hills of Rome. septimus, a, um, seventh; N., for

seni,

ae, a, six

each, six.

septimanus,

senideni, sixteen each.

senilis, e, aged.

senior, us, older, elder.

senium,

i,

N., old age, decay, grief.

the seventh time.

sensibilis, e, perceptihle. sensilis, e, endowed with sensation. sensim, graducdly, slowly. sensus, us, M., [sentio,] feeling,

septingeni, se, a, 700 each. septingenti, ae, a, seven hundred.

sententia,

perception, sense, meaning. se, f., opinion, purpose,

sentence, setise.
a,

sententiosus,
or
pith.
i,

um,

full of sense

septuageni, seventy each. septuagesimus, a, um, seventieth. septuaginta, seventy. septuennis, e, of seven years. septum, i, n., [sepio,] an enclosure. septunx, uncis, m., seven-twelfths.

sepulcrum,
n., hrier-thicket.

i,

n., tomh, grave.

senticetum,

senticosus, a, um, thorny, hriery. sentina, ae, f., hilgevmter, dregs. sentino, i, to hale out a ship.
sentio, sensi, sens-,
feel, think,
3,

sepultiira, ee, f., hurial. sepultus, [sepelio,] huried.

Sequana,

ae, f., the

Seine.

sequax, acis, close-foUowing, ductile.

sequela, se, F., consequence. sequester, tris, M., trustee, agent. sequestro, i give for safe-keeping, remove, put aside.
,

perceive,

suppose, decide.

sentis,

is,

m., thorn, hrier.

sentus

(-osus), a,

um,

rough.

sequior

sexagesimiis.
servitium,
i,

173

sequior, us, inferior. sequor, cutus, ;^, follow, pursue. Ser., the praenomen Servius.
sera,
ae, f.,

servio, 4, to be a slave, serve, be devoted to, care for.

n., slavery, servitude,

bar (for fastening).

(idis),

subjection, the slave-class.

Serapis, is
divinity.

an Egyptian
clear loeather,

servitritius, galled by service. servitiido, inis; -tus, tiitis,

slavery, servitude.

f.,

serenitas, atis,

f.,

fairness, sercnity.

Servius Tullius, the sixth king

of Rome, b.c. 578-534. servo, I, to preserve, save, protect,
heed, observe.

sereno, i, to make clear or calm. serenus, a, um, clear, hriglit, calm,

cheerful ; N., clear sky. the Chinese. seria, se, f., a large jar. sericus, a, um, Chinese, silken; n.

Seres, um,

servula,

ge, F., servant-girl.

i,

servus
servus,
to

(os),
a,

m., slave, servant.

servile, subject, liable

um,
i,

pl., silk

dresses.

burdens.
n., sesame.

series, em, e, f., succession, lineage. serio, in earnest. serius, a, um, grave, earnest. Seriphus, i, a small I. of the ^gean. seritas, atis, f., lateness. sermo, onis, m., talk, discourse, report, style (of language).

f sesamum,

sescuncia, ae, F. (li oz.), one-eighth. sescuplus==sesquiplus, a, um

sermocinor, i, to talk, discuss. sermunculus, i, m., talk, tattle.

sero, sevi, sat-, 3, soiv, plant, beget. sero, ui, sert-, 3, bind, iveave. ser5, late, too late. ser5tinus, a, um, late, backward. serpens, tis, f., a serpent. serpentinus, a, um, snaky.

-plex, plicis, half as much again. sesqui-, once and a haJf sesquipedalis, e -pes, pedis, of afoot and a half sessilis, e, for sitting ; spreading,
;

loio.

sessio, onis, f., seat, sitting. sessor, oris, m., sitter, dioeller.

sestertium, i, n., =1,000 sesterces, (about $40); decies sestertium,

1,000,000 ($40,000); ih. feet deep. sestertius, i, m. (2^), a sesterce,

serperastra, orum, N., splints. serpo, psi, pt-, 3, to creep, crawl.

=4

cts. (see 83).^

serpyllum,
serra,
ae, f.,

i,

n., tvild

thyme.

Sestos, i, f., a Thracian town on the Hellespont.

a saw, saw-fsh.

set=sed,
seta,

but.

serrago, inis, F., sawdust. serratus, a, um, saic-shaped.

serro, serta,
i,

6, F., stiff hair, bristle.

setania,

se,

F.

-um,
;

i,

n.,

medlar

to saio in pieces.

(a fruit).

ee, f.,

gaj-land.

setiger, gera,

um

-osus,

bristly,

Sertorius, i, an ofificer of Marius, who held Spain against Sulla

till

seu=sive,

or, toheiher.

B.c. 73.

severe, austerely. severitas, atis, F., gravity, sternjiess,

sertum, i, N., garland, wreath. serum, i, n., lohey.

serus, a, um, late, too late. serva, se, f., female slave. servabilis, e, that can be saved.

austerity.
a,

severus,

um,

grave, serious, aus-

tere, stern, severe.

sevir, viri, m., of a

Board of

six.

sevoco,

I,

call aside, loithdraw.

servans, tis, careful. servator, oris, m. -trix,

;

sevum=sebum,
icis, F.,

tallow.

observer, preserver. servilis, e, slavish, servile. serviliter, slavishly.

Sex., the praenomen Sextus. sex, six.

sexageni,

ae, a, sixty

each.
sixtieth.

sexagesimus,

a,

um,

174
sexagies

sexag^ies
(-gesies), sixty times.

simia.
sidereus,
sta7-s,

a,

um

-alis,

e,

of

the

sexaginta, sixty. sexcenarius, a, um, 0/600. sexceni, se, a, 600 each. sexcenti, se, a, 600, a vast number. sexcenties, 600 times.

starry, divine.
to be

sideror, i, sido, sidi,

sun-struck.

3, sit, settle, sit fast. a,

Sidonius,

um, 0/ Sidon
n.,

(Phce-

nicia or Carthage).

sexdecim,
sexennis,

sixteen.
e,

sidus, eris,

star,group ofstars,

of six years.
i,

sky, climate.

sexennium,

N., six years.

sexies, six times. sextans, tis, m. {\ of as), fartliing. sextarius, i, n. (| of congius), j-rm^ Sextilis, is, m., Angust. sextus, a, um, sixth: n., the sixth
time.

siem=sim, may be. Sigeus, a, um, 0/ Sigeum

(a pro-

montory near *Troy). sigilla, orum, n., smatl fgures, seal. Sigillaria, orum, feast of images
(in

the Saturnaha).

sexus,
si, if,

iis,

m., sex.

sigillatus, a, um, fgured. signator, oris, n., luitness to a will.

si,

whether ;

quod

hut

if.

signatus,

a,

um,

sealed, guarded.

sibi, [sui,]

/or one^s self

;

sibilo, I, to hiss, ichistle. sibilus, i, M. pl., a, N., a hiss. sibilus, a, um, lussing, lohistling.

Sibylla,
sica,

ee, F., sihyl,

prophetess.

signifer, era, um, image-bearing, starry ; m., standard-bearer. significatio, onis, f., mark, ioken, applause, sign, meanhig. significatus, iis, m., sig^i, token.
I, betoken, portend,mean. mark, designate, stamp,seal. signum, i, n., mark, sign, standard,

sic, so, thus, so

86, F.,

much.

significo,

dagger.

signo,

I,

a, um, Sicilian; Sicanian (ancient Italian). sicarius, i, M., stahber, assassin.

Sicanus,

statue, signal, image, constellation.

sil, silis, N.,

siccanus
siccarius,

(-eus), a,
a,

um,

dry.

Sila,

ae,

f.,

yellow ochre. a pitch-forest in the

Italy.

um,/o/' drying.

south of

sicce

(sic), so, thus.

siccine, so ? thus ? siccitas, atis, f., dryness, drought. sicco, I, to dry, dry up. siccus, a, um, clry, thirsty, firm ; N., dry ground. Sicelis, idis, f., Sicilian, pastoral. Sichseus, i, the husband of Dido.
Sicilia,
ae, Sicily.

silens, tis, still, silent. silenter, silently.

silentiosus, a, um, perfectly still. silentium, i, N., silence, quiet,repose. Silenus, i, attendant of Bacchus.
sileo, ui, 2, to be
still,

silent.

siler, eris, n., water-willow.

silesco, 3, to grow still. silex, icis, d., flint, crag.

sicilicula, ae, f., small sickle. sicilicus, i, m., of as, foot, &:c. Siciliensis, e, Sicilian.

silicernium, i, n., funeral-feast. siliceus, a, wax, flinty. siligineus, a, um, tvheaten.

siligo, inis, f., tohite winter wheat.

sicilimenta, orum,

n., aftermath.

sicilio, 4, cut with sickle. sicilis, is, f., sickle.

siliqua,
silus, a,

ae, f.,

um,
i,

sicubi, if anywhere.

silva,
pl.,

se, f.,

Siculus, a, um, Sicilian ; ancient people of Italy. sicunde, iffrom anywhere.

sic-ut
(uti), so as,

an

Silvanus,

pod, husk. pug-nosed. a luood, forest, grove. the god of Forests.

just as, as if

Sicyon, onis, f., a town of N. Peloponnesus.

silvaticus, a, viXQ., of the forest silvester, tris, e, offorest or wood. silvicola, ae, c, dwellhig in tcoods. silvosus, a, um,fidl oftrees. simia, se, f., ape.

simila

smilax.
sinistra, se,

176

simila, se, F.,Jineflour. similis, e, llke, sbnilar. similitiido, inis, f., likeness, simile.

similo=simulo,
simitu,

liken.

together, at once.

F., the left hand. sinistrorsus, towards the left. sino, sivi, sit-, 3, permit. Sinope, es, f., a town on the south shore of the Black Sea.

simius (-olus), i, m., ape. simo, I jlatten, press jiat. Simois, entis, m., a river of Troy. simplex, icis, siinple, plain, frank.
,

sinuamen,

inis, n. turning, winding.

-atio, onis, f.,

simplicitas, atis, f., simplicity, artlessness, frankness, lionesty. simpliciter, simply, directly.

Sinuessa, ge, F., a Latin colony in Campania. sinum, i, n., howl.

sinuo,
I,

to

hend,

sivell,

hulge.

sinuosus,

simplus,
simul,
at

a,

um,
i,

simple.

simpulum,

N.,

a small
as.

ladle.

winding, hending. sinus, us, 4, hending, curve, foid, hosom, gulf

a,

um,

tlie

same iime; simul ati,

siparium,
t

i,

n., stage curtain.

que

or ac, as soon

simulacrum,

N., likeness,

image.

simulans, tis, imitation. simulanter (-ate), pretendedly.

simulatio, onis,
tence, deceit.
F.,

sipho, onis, m., sipho7i, tuhe. Sipontum, i, a port of Apulia. Sipylus, i, M., a mountain of Lydia. siqua, if hy any way.

feigning, pre-

simulator, oris, m., deceiver. simulatque, as soon as. simulo, I feign, p)retend, copy. simultas, atis, f., strife, quarrel.
,

siquando, if ever. siquidem, since. siquis, siqua ( 22, iii.), if any. siremps (similis reipsa), very like. Sirenes, um, f., the Sirens, myth.
monsters, half-bird, half-maiden.
siris, sirit, sirint, [sino,]

simus

(-ulus), a,

um, fiat-nosed.

may

let.

sin, hut if

Sirius,
f sirus,
hisis,

i,

m., the dog-star.

fsinapi, is, N., mustard. sincere, uprightly, frankly. sinceritas, atis, F., soundness,
tegrity, sincei^ity.

sirpus=scirpus,
i,

hulrush.
[si vis,]

M., corn-pit.

[sum,] may he;

37,
i.).

ifthou

ivilt (

sincerus, sinciput,

sound, genuine. halfhead, cheek (of pork), head. f sindon, 6nis, N., muslin. sine, imthout. singillatim, one by one. singularis, e, singular, unique.
a,
itis,

um,

n.,

sisara, ae, f., heath, sweet hroom. sisto, stiti, stat-, 3, to set, place, arrest, setfast, stay, endure.
f

sistrum,

i,

n.,

Sisyphus,

i,

gong ( ^). myth. k. of Corinth.

f sitanius, a, um, this year^s. sitella, ae, f., urn, for drawing lots.

singularitas, atis, F., singleness. singulariter, singly, exceedingly. singularius, a, um, single. singulatim (-gultim), one hy one. singuli, 86, a, single, one to each. singultio, 4, to hiccup, cluck. singulto, I, to gasp, hiccup. singultus, VLB, M., sohhing, gasping. Sinis, is, a robber of Corinth, slain
sinister, tra,

Sithonius,
siticulosus,

a,

a,

um, Thracian. um, thirsty,parched.

sitiens, tis, thirsty, parched,greedy.

sitio, 4, to thirst, thirstfor.
sitis, is,

im,

i,

F., thirst,

drought.

fsittace, es,

.,

parrot.

situla, ae, f., hucket. situs, [sino,] set, situated. situs, us, M., situation, position;
dust, rust.

by Theseus. um,

left,

awkward, unlucky ; sometimes), auspicious.

on the^ left, (in auspices,

sive (seu), or if
f
f

lohether, or.

smaragdus,

i,

c, emerald, jasper.
F.,

smilax, acis,

hindioeed.

176
f

smyrna
se, f.,
ae, f.,

sonorus.
solidus,
a, um, dense, firm, solid, complete, genuine; l<i.,firmground.
ae, f.,

smyrna,
erii

Smyrna,

myrrh. a city on the westoffspring.

coast of Asia Minor.

solipuga,

a venomous
lonely.

insect.

soboles=suboles,

sobrie, soberlt/, prudently. sobrietas, atis, f., moderatioyi. sobrinus, i, m. -a, ae, F., cousin. sobrius, a, um, soher, temperate, prudent.
;

solitarius, a, solitas, atis

um,

-tiido, inis, f., soli-

tude, tvilderness, destitution.

solitus, [soleo,] tvonted.

soccus
socer, socia,

(-ulus),

i,

M., socJc, slipper.

eri, M., father-in-law.

ae, f.,
e,

solium, i, N., seat, throne, dominion. solivagus, a, um, roving alone. soUennis, e, stated, festive, solemn, customary ; n., a sacred festival.
sollenniter, solemnly, formally.

socialis,

jmrtner, companion. of companions or allies.

i,

sociennus,

n.,

societas, atis,

f.,

comrade. companionship,

soUers, tis, skilled, intelligent. soUertia, ae, f., skill, expertness.

soUicitatio, onis,
f., instigation.

partnership, alliance. socio, I, to league, share, unite. socius, i, M., companion, partner, ally, confederate.

sollicite, anxiousiy.

soUicito, I, move, stir, excite. sollicitudo, inis, f., anxiety.

sollicitus, a, um, disturhed, anxious. solo, I, to lay ivaste, make desolate.
f soloecismus,
i,

socordia, ae, f., dulness, sloth. socors, dis, foolish, stupid, slothful,
negligent.

m.,

fault

(of

Socrates, is, a philosopher of Athens, B.c. 470-400. socrus, us, f., mother-in-laiu. sodalicium, i, N., association, fellowship, club.

grammar). Solon, onis, the legislator Athens, Archon, b.c. 594.

solor,
I,

of

to

comfort, consoie.
hristly.

solox, ocis, harsh, coarse,

sodalis, is, m., comrade, companion. sodalitas, atis, F., fellowship, club. sodes (si audes), an thou ivilt.

solpiiga=solipuga, an insect. solstitialis, e (f midsummer.

solstitium,
i,

n., solstice.

solamen, solanum,
solaris,

sol, solis, M., the sun, day, daylight. inis, n., comfort, solace.
i,

solum, solum,

i,

N.,

ground, foundation.

only, merely.

N., nightshade.

e,

of
i,
i,

the sun.

solarium, solatium,

N., sundial, halcony. N.,

relief consolation,

solus, a, um, ius, alone, only, lonely. solute, easily, careiessly. soliitio, onis, F., loosening, payment, dissolving, solution. soliitus, [solvo], loose, light.

conifort, solace.

solvo,
cast

vi,

iit-,

3,

loosen, dissolve,

solator, oris, M., comforter. solatus, a, um, sunburnt. soldurii, orum, M., retainers.

off((rom shore), pay, explain,

dispel, release.

soldus=3olidus, firm.
solea, ae, f., sole, sandal. solearius, i, M., sandal-maker. soleatus, a, um, luearing sandals. solemnis,=sollennis, accustomed,

somniculosus, a, um, drowsy. somnifer, era, um, soporific. somnio, i, io dream.

somnium,

i,

n.,

a dream.

somnulentus, somnus, i, m.,

sonans,

a,

um,

drowsy.

sleep, night.

soleo, ita^,

solemn, established. 2, be luont.

skilled.

tis, noisy,

resounding.

solers=3ollers,

solide, densely, closely, fully. soliditas, atis, f., firmness, solidity. solido, I, tofasten, makefirm.

sonipes, pedis, loud-footed (steed). sonitus, iis, m., sound, noise. sono, ui, it-, i, to sound, speak, hoast. sonor, oris, n., noise, din. sonorus, a, um, noisy, loud.

sons
sons, tis, guilty, liurtful. sonticus, a, um, dangerous. sonus, i, M., nolae, sound. f sophistes, ae, m., a sophisi.

speculum.
sparsio, onis,
f., sprinkling.

177

Sophocles,
B.C.

is,

an Attic tragedian,
i,

sparsus, [spargo,] scattered. Sparta, se, f., a city of S. Greece. Spartacus, i, leader of a revolt of gladiators, defeated B.c. 71.

495-405(us),
sage, slirewd.
4, to soothe, luU, ])ut to sleep.

Spartanus
Sparian.

(-iacus, -icus), a,

um,

sophos

sopio,

sopor, oris,

m.,

opium, opiate, stusleep-hringing.

por, lethargy.

soporifer, era,

um,

soporo, i, jiut to sleep. soporus, a, um, causing sleep. Soracte, is, n., ^ mt. in Etruria.
f

sparteus, a, um, of hroom. f Spartiates, ae, a Spartan. spartum, i, M., Spanish hroom. sparus, i, m., a hunting-spear. f spatha, se, f., spatula (paddleshape), a hroad sicord.
spatior,
i, to

ivaUc ahout.

soracum,

i,

N.,

sorbeo,

ui, 2,

pannier. suck in, swalloio,

spatiosus,

a,

um,

ample, spacious.

spatium,

i,

N., space,

open space,

sorbillo, I, to sip. sorbilo, sippinglg. sorbitio, onis, F., draught, potion.

period, opportun ity.

sorbum,
sordeo, sordes,
ing,

i,

n. service-herry.

specialis, e, j)articukir, special. specialiter, specificaUy. species, ei, f., view, ajjpearance,
display, idea, vision, species.

2, to

hefoul, sordid, dirty.

squalor,

is, F., dirt,

mourn-

specimen,

inis, n., token, model.

meanness, rahhie.

sordesco, dui, 3, to grow dirty. sordidatus, a, um, in shahhy clothes.

soTcdide, foully, meanly. sordido, i, poUute.

specio, spexi, 3, to Look, vieiv. speciose, showih/. speciosus, a, um, handsome, showy. spectabilis, e, visihle, ivorth seeing. spectaculum, i, N., a sight, puhlic
show, theatre.
inis, n., mask, scene. spectate, splendidhj. spectatio, onis, F., vieiv, heholding. spectator, oris, m., ohserver, spectator, critic.

sordidus,
lid,

a,

um, foul,

sordid, squa-

hase.
icis, n.,

spectamen,

sorex,

shrew-mouse.

soror, oris, F., sister. sorosius, a, um, of sisters. sors, tis, F., lot, chance, destiny, cappl. prophecy. ital (at interest)
;

sorsum=seorsum,

apart.

spectatus, a, um, proved, esteemed. spectio, onis, f., ohserving (of auspices).

sortilegus, a, um, jyrophetic. sortior, 4, cast lots, allot, distrihute,

ohtain, select.

specto,
drive

I,

to hehold, ohserve,
i,

test,

at.

sortitio, onis, F., aUotment. sortito, hy fate. sortitus, us, M., aUotment. sospes itis, saving, safe, fortunate. sospitalis, e, giving safeiy.

spectrum,
specula, specula,
watch.

n.,

image, apparition.
[spes,] slight hope.
a,

ae, f.,

a look-out, eminence.

ae, F.,

speculabundus,
specularis,
e,

um, on

the

sospito, I, protect. Sp. the praenomen Spurius. fspadix, icis, c, a pahn-hranch (with fruit) aclj., chestnut-color. eunuch. f spado, onis, M.,
;

of a mirror ;
m.,

m., sheet

ofmica;

n., pl.

ivindow-panes.

speculator, oris,
plorer, examiner.

a scout, ex-

speculatorius,
service.

a,

um,/or scouting-

spargo,

si,

sum,

3,

strew, scaiter,

spread, exiend.

speculor,

i, to
i,

spy, tvaich, examine.

sparsim,

scattered.

speculum,

n., mirror.

178
specus, us, spelceum,
M., cave, den.
i,

specus

stabularius.
spondalium, i, n., sacrificial hymn. spondeo, spopondi, spons-, 3, to
jdcdge, vow, betroth.

cavern. f speluiica, ae, f., cavern, den. Spercheos (-ius), i, a river

f
n.,

of

f f

spondylus,

i,

m., spine-joint.
slag, chain-

Thessaly.

spernax, acis, contemptuous. sperno, sprevi, spret-, 3 ; -nor,

sever, despise, reject.

spongia, ae, f., sponge, armor, pumice.

e,

i,

sponsa,

ee, f., betrothed, bride.

sponsalis,

ofbetrothal.

spero, I, to hope, expect. spes, spei, f., hope, anticipation. sphaera, ae, bidl, (jlohe, sphere. Sphinx, ngis, f., a myth. being, half-woman, half-Hon.
spica, ae, f., point, spike, tuft, dart. spiceus, a, um, of wheat-ears. spico, I, put forth ears.

sponsio, onis, F., pledge, security. sponsor, oris, m., surety, bondsman. sponsum, i, n., a covenant. sponsus, [spondeo,] pledged, betrothed.

sponsus,

iis,
;

m., hetrothal.

spontalis, e
voluntary.

spontaneus,

a,

um,

spicilegium,

i,

N., gleaning.

sponte, ab.

tis,

gen. of one^s own

spiculum,
spina,

i,

n., point, sting, dart.

6, F., thorn, spine.

i,

accord, voluntarily, freely. sporta, ae, f., a hamper.

spinetum,

n.,
a,

hedge of thorns.

sportula (tella), ee, f.,

S7nall

haskeU

spinifer (ger),

um,

spinosus, a, um, spinther, eris, n., bracelet. spinus, i, F., black-thorn. spira, ee, f., a coil, fold. spirabilis, e,for breathing,

thorn-bearing. thorny, confused.

spretor, oris, M., scorner. spretus, [sperno,] despised. spuma, ae, f., foam, scum.

spumesco,
spiimeus,
vital.

3,

tofroth, surge.

a,

um, foamy, frothy.

spiraculum (-mentum),

i;

-men,

spumo, I, to foam, froth. spumosus, a, VLin., fu/l of foam.

spuo, spui, spiit-, 3, to spit. spurce, vileiy. spurcidicus, a, um, foul-mouthed.
spurcitia,
se, f.,

inis, N., venl-hole, pore. spiritalis (-ualis), e, of hreath or

spirit.

spiritus, us, M., hreath, spirit, pride. spiro, I, breafhe, blow, live, aspire.

dirt,smut.
base.

spissamentum,

i,

N., stopper.

spurco, I, to hefoid. spurcus, a, um, flthy, unclean,

spurius,
spiito,
I,

spisse, densdg, slowly. spisso, I, to ihicken. spissus, a, um, dense, close, compact, slow.
f splen, splenis, m., milt, spleen. splendeo, 2, to be briglit, shine,gleam.

a,

um,
N.,

illegitimate.

to spit, spit out.

i,

spiitum, squaleo,

[spuo,]
2, to

spit.
stiff,

ui,

he

rough,

squalid, or in mourning-garments.

splendesco, dui, 3, grow bright. splendide, brilUantly. splendidus, a, um, hright, brilliant,
siimptuoiis, illustrious, nohle.

squalidus, a, um, rough, stiff', foid. squalor, oris, N., foulness, squalor.

squama,

ee, f.,

scale.

(-osus), a, um, scaly. squarrosus, a, um, scahhy.

squameus

splendor, oris, n., lustre, splendor. f splenicus, a, um^ splenetic. f spodos, i, F. -ium, N., slag, dross.
;

squilla=scilla, sea-onion.
-st, for est,
is.

spoliatio, onis, f., pillage, plunder. spoliator, oris, m., plunderer. spolio, I, to strip, spoil, plunder.

stabilimentum, i, N., support. stabilio, 4, to make firm.

stabilis, e,firm, stahle. stabilitas, atis, f., steadiness. stabularius, a, um, ofa stopping-

spolium. i, sponda, ae,

N., the spoil,

f.,

plunder. couch, hedstead.

place or

stahle.

stabulor
stabulor,
i, to
i,

stolide.

179
i,

abide, Jind shelter.

n.,

sterniimentum (-tamentum),
N.,

ptabulum,
abode,

a standing-place,

a sneeze.

stall.

f stacta, ae (-e, es), f., myrrh-oil. stadium, i, n., stadium (125 paces

sternuo, ui, 3, sneeze, sputter. sterquilinium, i, n., dungpit.

sterto, ui,
3,

snore.

=606
stagno,

ft.),

race-course.
to

I,

stagnate,

lie

under

water, he overjlowed.

stagnosus,

a,

\im,full ofpools.

stagnum, i, N., jiool, pond, marsh. stamen, inis, n., warp, thread.
stanneus,
a,

Stheneleius, a, um, of Sthenelus, son of Perseus. f stibium, i, n., antimony. f stigma, atis, n., hrand, scar. Stilbon, onis, m., the planet Merciiry.

um,
n.,

oftin.
iiii;

stannum, i, silver and

an alloy of

lead.

a d^^op (of gum). stillatim, drop hy drop. stillicidium, i, n., [cado,] dripping.
stilla, ae, F.,

statarius, a, viva.,Jirm, standing. statera, ae, f., steel-yard, halance. statioulum, i, n., small image. statim, immediately, as soon as. statio, onis, f., standing, abode, posf, anchorage. stativus, a, um, stationary ; of a post or staiion.

stillo,

I, to
i,

drip, trickle, disiil.

stilus,

M., stake, point, style for

stijle

writing,

stimmi=stibium,
stimulo, I, stimulus, i, stinguo, 3,
to

in writing. ayiiimony.

m.,

prick, goad, rouse. a goad, spur, stroke.

Stator, oris, sustainer (a

Jupiter).

title

of

to quench. stipatio, onis, F., throng, retinue. stipator, oris, m., attendani.

statua, 36, F., statuarius, a,

staiiie,

image.

um, of statues.

stipendiarius, a, um, trihutary. stipendior, -i serve for pay. stipendium, i, n., tax, trihute, pay,
,

statumen,
(of ship).

inis, n., prop, siay, rib

estahlish,

military service, duty.

statuo,
statura,

ui, iit,

3,

to

set,

resolve, helieve, hold sure.

ae, f., height, stature.
set,

status [sisto,]

placed. status, us, M., position, posture, stature, condition. f stega, ae, f., deck.

stipes, itis, m., stock, post, tree. stipo, I croivd, ihrong, press, attend. stips, stipis, F., gift, alnis. stipula, ae, f stalk, siem, siuhble. -tus, us, m., stipulatio, onis, f. a stipidation, hargain. stipulor, I, to bargain, stipulate.
,

stiria, ae, F., icicle.

fstela,

ae,

a column.

[starry. stella, ae, f., star. stelliger, era, um, stellatus, a,

um

stiricidium, i, n., [cado,] snow-fall. stirpitus, hy the roots. stirps (-pes, -pis), pis, F., a siock,
stem, sprout, race, source. stiva, ae, F., plough-handle. stlata, se, F., a kind of ship. stlis=lis, laivsidt. sto, steti, stat-, i, to stand, stand fast, remain, cost (w. abl. of price);

stellio, onis, M., a newt, lizard. stelliSnatus, iis, M., trickery.

stello,
f

T,

glitter (or cover) with sta7^s.

stemma, atis,
i,

N., loreath, pedigree.

f stephanos,

stercoro, i, to stercus, oris, N., dung,filth, manure.

sterilesco,
3, to

M. (wreath), a plant. apply manure.

groiv harren.

stat,

it

is

afixed purpose.

Stoicus,
stola,
ae,

a,

um,

Sioic (austere).
rohe,

sterilis, e, sterile, harren.

F.,

a long

woman^s

sterilitas, atis, F., harrenness. sternax, acis throwing his rider. sterno, stravi, strat-, 3, spread,
sirew, lay smooth, cover, cast

down.

garment. stolide, stupidly. stolidus, a, um, dull, stupid. stolo, onis, M., shoot, sucker.

180
stomachor, i, stomachosus, stomachus, i,
disUke.
to be a,

stomaclior
vexed, quarrel.
irritable.
taste,

styrax.
Strophades, um, islands
of Greece.
f strophium,
f
i,

S.

W.

um,

m.,

stomach;

n.,

band,

belt, wreath,,

strophus,

i,

m., colic.

storax=styrax, a gum.
storea, ae, f., mat of rope or straw. f strabo, onis, M., sqiwUing. strages, is, F., an overth-ow, massacre.

structe, orderly.
structilis,
e, 0/" building.

structor, oris, m., builder.

structiira, ae, F., construction, building ; pl., engineering ivorks. structus, [struo,] ordered, composed. strues, is (-ix, icis), f., a heap, pile. struma, se, f., tumor.

stragulus, a, um, for covering or spreading ; N., rug, mattress.

stramen, inis mentum,

;

i,

n., rug,

siraiv, litter.

stramineus,
strangulo,
f
f

a,

um, ofstraw.
strangle, clioke.

struo, xi, ct-,

3,

to pile, build, ar-

i, to

strategema,

atis, n., generalship.

strategus, i, m., a general. f stratioticus, a, um, military. strator, oris, m., groom. stratura, ae, F., pavement. stratus, [sterno,] strown ; n., cov.

range, contrive. struppus, i, M., band, thong. f striitheus, a, um, of sparrows.

f striithio, onis; i, M., ostrich.

striithiocamelus,

Strymon,
studeo,

ui, 2, to be

6nis, a river of Thrace. eager or zealous

erlet,

couch, liorse-cloth.
ee, F., sign,

for, to study.
gift.

strena,

omen,

strenue, vigorously. strenuus, a, um, prompt,

vigorous.

studiose, earnestly. studiosus, a, um, zealous, studious,

attached, devoted.

energetic,

studium,

i,

N., zeal, desire, study.

strepito, i, to rustle, make a noise. strepitus, iis, m., a clashing, rustle,

noise.

Btulte, foolishly. stultitia, 36, F., folly.

stultus,
ui,
3, to

a,

um,foolish,
tow.
3,
;

silly.

strepo,
stria, ae,

make a

noise, re-

stupa=stuppa,
stupe-facio,

sound, murmur, roar.

P., -fio,

stupify.

furrow, fiuting.
.,

stupendus,
stupeo,
ivith

a,

um, amazing.
to

stricte (-tim), closely, briefly. strictivus, a, um, plucked. strictura, ae, F., contraction. strictus, [stringo,] close, brief strict.

ui,

2,

be aniazed, gaze

ivonder.

strideo (-do,

3), di, 2, to hiss,

creak,

buzz, wluz, whistle.

stridor, oris, M., a hissing, buzzing. stridulus, a, um, whizzing.

striga,
ae, f., sioath

of grass.

striga, ee, f., hag, witch.

strigilis, is, f.,

stiipeus, a, um, of toiv. stupidus, a, um, confounded, stupid, amazed. stupor, oris, M., numbness, astonis/nnent, amazement. f stuppa, ae, f., tow. stuppeus, a, um, of toiv, hempen. stupro, I, defile, debauch.

a flesh-scraper.
i,

stuprum, i,

N., dishonor,

debauchery.

strigmentum,
strigo,
I,

n., scrapings.

stop, giveioay.

strigosus, a, um, lank, meagre. stringo, nxi, ict-, 3, draiv, pi^ess, graze, sfrip, prune, constrain. strio, I, to groove, furrow.
strix, igis, f., screech-owl ; channel. f stropha, se, f,, strophe, trick.

sturnus, i, M., starling. Stygius, a, um, of the Styx. stylus=stilus, style. Stymphaiicus, a, um, of Stymphalus, a district in Arcadia,

haunted by birds of prey. stypticus, a, um, astringent. f styrax, acis, F., a fragrant resin.
f

Styx
Styx,
gis, F.,
tlie

subscus.
I

181

Styx (gloom), a

river of

Hades.
persuasion.
2,

suadela,

se, f.,
si,

subjaceo, ui, 2, lie under or near. subjecte, submissively. subjectio, onis, f., putting under,
substituting, forging, subjoining.

suadeo,

sum,

advise, urge,

j)lead, advocate,

recommend.

suadus, a, um, j)ersuasive. suamet, [suus,] one''^ very own.

suarius, a, um, ofswine. suasio, onis, f., persuasion. suasor, oris, m., persuader, advocate, counsellor.

subjecto, I, toss up from below. subjectus, a, um, subject, near.

subjicio, jeci, ject-, 3, bring under, throw up, substitute, subdue, add.

subjugo,
subdue.

I,

bring under the yoke,

subjungo, nxi, nct-,

to

suasorius, a, um, persuasive. suasus, iis, m., persuasion.

3,

[jugum,]

yoke, annex, subdue.

suave,

siveetly.

suavior, i, to kiss. suavis, e, sweet, pleasant. suavitas, atis; -tudo, inis,

sweetness, pleasantness.

sublabor, psus, 3, to sink, glide. sublate, loftily. sublatio, onis, f., uplifting. sublatus, [toUo,] elated.
f.,

sublego,

legi,

lect-,

3,

gather,

snatch stecdthily.

suaviter, sweetly.

suavium,

i,

n., lips, kiss.

sub

( 42, iii.), under, at thefoot of during, towards, just after. [sub-, under or in low degree (-isJi).

f., working-up.preparing, discipline. subaotus, [subigo,] subdued.

subactio, onis,

subausoulto, i, listen secretly. subblandior, 4, tofondle. [subc=succ-. subditivus, a, um, [-do,] spurious. subdo, didi, dit-, 3, to put under,
subdue, yield, substitute, forge.

sublestus, a, um, slight, trifling. sublevo, I, upiift, lighteji, relieve. sublica, se, f,, stake, pile. sublicius, a, um, built on piles. subligo, I, to bind,fasten beneath. sublime, lofiily. sublimis, e, lofty, exalted, on high. sublimitas, atis, F,, loftiness. sublimiter, loflily.

sublimo,

I,

to elevate.

subdolus,

a,

um,

crafty, sly.

sublino, levi, lit-, 3, besmear, subliiceo, 2, to glimmer. subluo, 3, to ivash beneath. sublustris, e, glimmering, snbluvies, em, e, f., dirt.

cheat.

subdiico,xi, ct-, 3, ivitlidraw, uplift, liaul up,fwi, secrete, calculqte. subductio, onis, f., hauling aground. subeo, ii, it-, 4, advance, go under, approach, undergo, submit to. suber, eris, n., cork-tree. [subf-=suff- subg-=sugg-. subices, supports. subigito, I (agito), intens. of subigo, egi, act-, 3, bring under, subdue, constrain, rub down.
;

[subm-=summ-.
sub-nascor, 3, groiv after. subnecto, xum, 3, bind beneath. subnixus, a, um, supported, leaning on, defended by.

subo, I, to befull, in heat. suboleo, 2, to smell, scent. suboles, is, F., sprout, offspring. subolesco, 3, to groiv up. suborno, i, adorn, incite secretly. [subp-=supp- subr-=surr-. subscribo, psi, pt-, 3, tvrite below,
;

subinde,
to

directly after,
a,

from

time
in

time.

subitarius,
haste.

um, prepared

subscribe, note down, agree to. subscriptio, onis, f., subscription, noting down, signature. subscriptor, oris, m., signer, ap-

subito, suddenly. subitus, [subeo], sudden, hasty.

prover.

subscus,

iidis, f., dove-tail, tenon.

182
subsecivus,
over
a,

subsecivTis

succumbo.
subtus, iinderneath. subiicula, ae, f., a
siibula,
ae, f.,

um,

tlie

remaining,

and

above, leisure.
to clip
i,

shirt.

sub-seco, I, subsellium,
tribunal.

away.
seat,

N.,

a low bench,
3,

[suo,] an awl. subulcus, i, N., [sus,] swineherd. Subura, se, F., a street in Rome.

subsequor, cutus,

follow close.

suburbanus,
N.,

a,

um, near
estate.

the city

subservio, i, to he subject. subsesaa, se, F., ambuscade.

sub.sessor, oris, M., luaiilayer. subsidiarius, a, um, of the reserve.

a suburban
2,

suburgeo,

drive close.

subsidium,
abide,
lie

i,

N., reserves, help.

3, sink, settle,

subsido, sedi, sess-,

in ivait.
a,

subsignanus,
the standard.

um,

serving near

subxiro, ust-, 3, to singe, scorch. subvectio, onis, f., conveyance. subvecto, I, intens. of subveho, xi, ct-, 3, carry, convey, hring (up stream). subvenio, veni, vent-, 4, come to aid, relieve, come to hand.

subsigno,

i,

subscribe, register.

subverto,

ti,

sum,

3, to

overthrow,

subsilio, ui (ii), 4, spring upward. subsisto, stiti, 3, take a stand, halt, remain, withstand. subsolauus, a, um, eastward. subsortior, 4, to choose a substitute.

destroy, subvert.

substantia, sub-sterno,
substillus,

ae, f.,
3,

substance. strew benealh, bestrew.

dribbling.
3, to

subvexus, a, um, sloping upward. subvolo, i,fiy upward. subvolvo, 3, to roll up or along. succavus, a, um, liollow helow. succedaneus, a, um, succeeding. succedo, cessi, cess-, 3, go helow,
mount, enter, advance, prosper.

a,

um,

sub-stituo, [statuo,]
suf/gesl, s ubstit ute.

put

next,

succendo, di, sum, 3, to set onfire. succenseo, sui, sum, 2, to be angry.

succenturio,
cruit.

substo,

I, to

be near, stay firm.

inis, n.,
litter.

at-,

i,

receive as re-

substramen,

sub-stringo, 2, bind close, check. substrictus, a, um, close. substructio, onis, F., foundation, groundwork. sub-struo, 3, build heneath. subsulto, I, to jump, spring. sub-sum, to be near, or among.

suc-cerno, 3, shake, sift. successio, onis, f., sequence, success.

successor,

oris, m., follower, suciis,

cessor, inheritor.

successus,
succidia,

m., advance, success.

se, f. fiitch

ofhacon.

subtemen,

inis, n., yarn, woof. subter ( 56, i. 3), beneath, close. subter-diico, 3, loithdraw secretly.

succido, [cado,] 3, fall under, sink. succido, [caedo,] 3, cut down or

away. siiccidus,
a,

subter-fugio, 3, /?// by stealth. sub-terlabor, 3, glide heneath. subtero, trivi, trit-, 3, wear away. subterraneus, a, um, underground. subtertius, a, um, less by a third.

um,

sappy, Juicy.

succiduus, a, um, sinking. succincte (-tim), briefiy. succinctus, [cingo,] girt, ready.
suc-cingo, 3, to gird, equip. succino, 3, accompany in song.

subtexo, xui,
subtilis,
e,

xt-, 3, loeave below, spread, subjoin, annex.

succinum=siicinum,
remaining.

amber.
a,

slender, fine, simple, plain.

delicate,

succisivus (subsecivus),

um,

subtilitas, atis, f., fineness, keenness, plainness. Bubtiliter, finely, minutely. subtraho, xi, ct-, 3, withdraw.

succlamo,
succollo,

i,
I,

to
i,

succresco,

shout (in reply). shoulder. grow up.

suc-cumbo,

3, to lie, sink, yield.

succurro
suc-curro,
occur
3,

supellex.
suflfusus, hashful.

183

run under or
mind.
sap, juice.

to heljj

to one^s

suggero,

Buccus=sucus,

gessi, gest-, 3, carry under, raise, furnish, suggest.

i,

succusso, I, to jer/c, jolt. succutio, cussi, cuss-, 3, to toss sucidus, a, um, juicjj, fresh.

suggestum,
up.

n., aheight,ptlatform.
3,

suggredior, gressus,

approach.

suggrunda,
siigillo,
I, to

ae, f., eaves.

sucinum,
sucosus,

i,

n., N.,

suco, onis,
a,

amher. sucker (usurer).

hruise, insult.

um, juicij.

siigo, xi, ct-, 3, to suck, exhaust. sui, sibi, se (sese), one^s self.
a, um, of swine. sulcator, oris, m., ploughman. STilco, I, to cut, furrow, pl&ugh. sulcus, i, M., furrow, trench, wake.

suctus, [sugo,] exhausted. sucula, ge, f., [sus,] windlass.

siicus,
i,

suillus,

M., juice, sap, vigor.

i,

sudarium,

n., handkerchief.
a,

siidatorius,

um,/or

sweating.

sudes

(is), is, f.,

stake, pile,

peak.

siido, I, to sweat, toil, exude. siidor, oris, n., siveat, m.oisture, toil. siidus, a, um, dry, hrif/ht, clear.

suesco, suevi, suet-, 3, get ivonted. Suessa, ae, f., a town of Latium.
suffarcinatus,
suffectio, onis,
a,

sulfur, uris, n., hrimstone, sulphur. sulfureus, a, um, like sidphur. Sulla, L. Cornehus, the Roman Dictator, b.c. 138-78. Sulmo, onis, m., a Pelignian town. sultis=si vultis, if you vnll. sum, esse, fui ( 29, 45, 3), to he
(w. dat.), helong.

um,

stuffed.

f.,

adding, supphj.

siimen, inis,

N., hreast, lulder.

suffectus, [sufficio,] supplied. suffero, sustuli, sublat-,pwi under, offer, sustain, endure.
sufifertus, [fercio,] stuffed. siifFes, etis, n., the Carthaginian

summa,
whole

ae, f., the

chief point, sum,

(of army).

mainhody

chief magistrate.
sufficio, feci, fect-, 3, jmt under, inibue, suppbj, suffice.

summas, atis, of high place. summatim, on the surface, gently. summe, in the highesl degree. summergo, si, sum, 3, plunge, submerge, sink.

summerus,

a,

um,
i,

rather clear.

suffigo, xi,

xum,

3,

fasten, affix.

sumministro,

aid, supply.

suffio, 4, fumigate. suffitio, onis, f., fumigation.

summisse

(-im), gently, calmly.

sufflamen,
sufflatus, sufflatus,

iisis, n., clof/,

drag.

summissus, a, um, low,gentle, mean. summitto, missi, miss-, 3, setid

forfh, rear,
let

a,

um,

hloated.

down, send

secretly.

iis,

m., hreath.

sufflo, I, hreathe or hlow forth. suffoco, I, siffocate. suffodio, fodi, foss-, 3, pierce, stah, undermine. suffragatio, onis, F., voting. suffragator, oris, M., supporter. suffragium, i, N., a vote, judgment,
right ofvoting.

summopere, to the utmost. summoveo, movi, mot-,

or clear away, withdraw,

2,

send

ivithhold.

summus,
top

a,

um,

uttermost, uttnost,

of highest, chief last. siimo, sumpsi, sumpt-, 3, take, claim, spend, assume ; sumere

poenam, to infiict punishment. sumptuarius, a, um, of expenses.

sufiFrago, inis,

F ham,

jiostern.

suffragor, i, support hij voting. suffugio, fiigi, 3, take refuge. sufifugium, i, N., shelter. suflfulcio, fulsi, fult-, 4, to prop. suflfundo, fiidi, fus-, 3, pour below, overspread, suffuse.

sumptuosus, sumptus, iis,

suo, sui,

a,

um,

costly, lavish.

n.,

expense, cost.
to seiv, stitch.

siit-, 3,

suomet, suopte,

one's oivn.

suovetaurilia, sacrifice of swine, sheep and buU. supellex, lectilis, f., furniture.

184
super
(

super
56,
l,

surrado.
supinus,
a, um, fallen backward, outspread, heedless, haughty. suppar, paris, nearly equal.

2),

dbove,concerning,

besides, during.

[super-, over and ahove, or upon. superabilis, e, conquerable.

supparasitor,

i,

tojaion, fatter.

superbe, haughtily. superbia, se, f., pride, haughtiness. superbio, 4, to be haughty, splendid. superbus, a, um, haughty, arrogant,
proud, superb, magnijicent.

supparum,
garment,

i,

n.,

a woman^s linen

topsail.

suppedito,

I, [pes,J to abound, have in abundance, Jurnish. suppetiae, arum, f., aid, succor.

supercilium,

i, brow, ridge. n., summit, arrogance, sternness. supereii^ineo, 2, overtop, excel. . superficies, ei, F., surface, structure, ichat is aboveground. superfio, to be remaining. superfluo, xi, 3, overjlow, abound.

suppetior,

i, to

aid, succor.
3,

suppeto, ivi

(ii), it-,

be at

hand

or equal, to agree, correspond. suppilo, i,filch,purIoin. suppingo, pact-, 3, Jasten beneath.

supplanto,
overthroiv.

I,

trip

up
n.,

the

heels,

superfluus,

a,

um,

overjlowing.
over, extend.

supplementum,
supplementum,

i,

fUing-in,

superfundo,

3,

pour

supply, recruiting.
i,

supergredior, gressus, 3, overstep. superi, orum, the upper divinities.

n.,

fiUing up.

superimpleo,

2, JiU to overjiotcing. superinjicio, 3, ihrow on or over. superior, us, higher, upper, Jormer,

suppleo, evi, et-, to Jill up, supply. supplex, icis, hieeUng, suppliant. supplicatio onis, f., public prayer
or tlianksgiving. suppliciter, suppUantly, hximbly. supplicium, i, n., prayer, supplication; also jrunislment, to7-ture (the criminal kneeling for the blow).

older, superior.

super-jacio,

supernas,

3, throw upon, overtop. natis, oj the upper country, northern.

superne, upward. supernus, a, um, on high, celesticd. supero, I, surrnount, surpass, survive, abound, subdue, go past. super-pono, 3, place on or over. supesedeo, sedi, sess-, 2, situpc-n
surpass, desist, omit.

supplico,

I,

kneel, implore, ivorship.

supplodo, sup-pono,

si, 3,

supplosio, onis,

stamp, applaud. F., stamping.

3, p)ut beneath, substituie, Jorge, counterjeit, subjoin. supporto, I, carry, convey.

superstes,
survivor.

stitis,

c, a bystander,

suppositicius, a, um, substituted. suppositio, onis, f., substiluting. suppressio, onis, f., keeping back
or doicn, embezzlement.

superstitio, onis, f., superstition, ohject oj dread or scruple. superstitiosus, a, um, superstitious,
prophetic, scrup)ulous.

supprimo, pressi, press-,

down,

3,

press

sink, check, detain, suppress.

i,

suppromus,
suppuro, supputo,
I,

M., under-huiler.

stand on or over. super-sum, remain, ahoimd, suri,

supersto,

vive, be present, asslst.

gather matter, [pue]. I, to prune, turn. supra, cdwve, before, beyond, besides.
to

superus,
higher
;

a,

um

17,

iii.),

upper,
a,

supremus=summus,
sura,
ee, f.,

highest.

pl., the celesticds.

ca/fofthe

leg.

supervacaneus (-vacuus),
superjluous, needless.

um,
over,

surculaceus

super-venio, 4, come upon or JoUow, surpass, attack. supine, negligently. supino, I, to lie backward.

surculus, is, surde, dimly, indisti^ictly. surdus, a, um, deaf dull, mute. surgo, surrexi, ct-, 3, io rise, Uft. surrado, si, sum, 3, scrape.

(-osus), a, um, tcoody. M., sprout, shoot, tioig.

surremigo
surremigo,
i, to
i,

taberna.
siitilis, e, seioed,

185
fastened.
[bler.

rotv heneatlu
n.,

Surrentum,

Sorrento (near

siitor, oris, cohhler.

Naples). sur-repo, 3, a-eep softbj, steal upoji. ourrepticius, a, um, stolen. surreptus, [ripio,] snatched aioay. surrideo, si, 2, to smile.

siitorius (-trinus), a, um, ofa cohsiitiira, ee, F., a seam. suus, a, um, ojie^s own, favorahle pl. M., one^s friends or soldiers ; N., one^s property.

surrigo=surgo,
surrogo, sur-ruo,
siirus,
siis,
i,

rise.
3, snatcJi, steal.

Sybaris,
f 4

is,

f.,

surripio, pui, rept-,

3, to

S. E. Italy,

a Greek town in noted for luxury.

suhstitute.

undermine, demolish. sursum, upioard, on high.

i, n., hranch, stake. suis, c, hog, sow. Siisa, orum, n., capital of Persia. susceptor, oris, m., contractor, re-

f., mulherry. gum-resin. fsycophanta, e, M., informer,

i,

sycaminus,
syce, es,

F.,

slanderer, cheat, fiatterer.

Sylla=Sulla.
f

syllaba,

ae, f., syllahle.

sylva=silva,
f
f

forest.

ceioer.

symbola,

ae, F.,

share, scot.
i,

suscipio, cepi, cept-, 3, take up, suslain, acknowledge, undertake. suscito, I, lift, cast up, rouse,restore.

symbolus

(um),

m.,

mark, token.

suspecto, I, to look up at, watch. suspectus, a, um, suspicious, dangerous.

symphonia, se, F., harmony. symphoniacus, a, um, for singing. Symplegades, um, F., cliffs in dashed Euxine, which the
f

against one anbther (mytli).

lis,

suspectus,

m., looking-upivard.

f symposium,

i,

N., hanquet.
;

suspendium, i, n., hanging. suspendo, di, sum, 3, hang,

sus-

f syngrapha, ee, F. hond, contract.

gia,

us,

i,

M., note,

pend, support, depend, check, stop.

Synnada, orum, a town of Phryfamous

acis, for marble.

suspicax, acis, suspicious. suspicio, pexi, ct-, 3, look up

adniire, suspect, distrust.

to,

suspicio, onis, F., distrust, suspicion. suspiciosus, a, um, distrustful, suspicious, causing distrust. suspicor, I, mistrust, suspect, think. suspiratio, onis, f. -atus (-itus), -ium, i, n., sigh, deep iis, M.
; ;

king of Numidia, died B.c. 201. Syraciisae, artfm, f., a city of Sicily, taken by Marcellus, b.c. 2 1 2. Syria, ae, f., the country E. of the Mediterranean, Syrinx, gis, f., a nymph, beloved by Pan, changed to a reed.

Syphax,

ally of Carthage,

hreathing.

suspiro,

I, to

sigh,

sighfor.

f syrma, ae, f., a trailing syrtis, is (idos), f., quicksand;

robe.

susque deque, up and down.

sustentatio,
onis, F., delay, suspense, forbearance, maintenance.
i,

Syrtes, two great shoals on the North coast of Africa.

sustento,
tain,

sustain, support,

mainT.

endure, delay. sustineo, ui, tent-, hold up, sustain, restrain, maintain, endure.

sustoUo,

3, Uft, raise.

praenomen Titus. tabanus, i, M., gadfly.

T, the

sustuli, [tollo, or suffero,] raised. susum=sursum, upivard. susurro, i, to whisper, murmur.

tabella,

ae, f.,

tahlet,

letter,

ballot,

picture, votive tahlet.

tabellarius,

a,

um, of

tablets.

susurrus,

i,

N.,

lohisper,

murmur.

siitela, ge, f., [suo,] artifice.

tabeo, 2, taberna,

melt, waste, decay.

ae, f.,

shop, booth, inn.

186

tabernaculum
i,

Tarracina.
tamarix, icis, f., tamarisk. tamdiu, so long (quamdiu,
. . .

tabernaculum,
taberiiarius,
bootlis
;

n., tentj

a,

um, of

paviUon. shops or

as).

pl.,

tabes,

is, F.,

shopkeepers. decay, pestilence.

tamen, yet, still, nevertheless. tametsi (tamenetsi), cdthough.

tabesco, bui, 3, consume, dissolve. tabidus, a, um, decaying, corrupt.

tabificus,
a,

tammodo, tamquam,
tandem,

um,

dissolving, corrod-

ing, infectious.

hut just now. as if as it ivere. Tanais, is, m., the river Don. Tanaquil, ilis, wife of Tarquin.
at length,

tabula,

se, f., hoard, plank, panel, picture.

tahlet,

now

then.

tango, tetigi, tact-,

hit, offect,

3, touch,

reach,

tabularis, e, ofhoards or tahlets. tabularius, a, um, of records; M.,

registrar ;
aj^chives.
F.,

cheat, mention.

tanquam=tamquam,
eternal hunger
tantillus,
a,

as if

record-office ;

N.,

Tantalus, i, myth. k. of Phrygia, Tartarus with punished in

tabulatio, oiiis, ., fiooring. tabulatus, a, um, hoa7'ded,fioored N.^foor, layer. tabuiinum, i, n., halcony, terrace, a shelf for records.

and
so

thirst.

tanti (gen.), at such a price.

um,

little.

tabum,

i,

N., corruption, pestilence.

taceo, cui,
noiseless.

cit-, 2,

to

he silent,

still,

tantisper, for so long. tanto, hy so much (w. compar.). tantopere, so much, so greatly. tantulus, a, um, ever so little. tantum, so much, so far, only.

tacite (to), silently. taciturnitas, atis, F., silence. taciturnus, a, um, inclined to silence tacitus, a, um, silent, secret, mute.
tactio, onis, f., touch. tactus, [tango,] touched. tactus, us, M., handling, touch. taeda, ae, f., pitch-pine, torch ; marriage-torch, wedding. taedet, uit (taesum est), it wearies. taedium, i, n., weariness, disgust. Taenarus (os), i, c. ; (-on, n.), the

tantummodo,
many. tantus-dem,
so

only.

tantundem, just sv much. tantus, a, um, so great,

so

much,

a, um, Just so great. N. (acc. -ta, pL, -tas, m.), carpet, rug, tapestry. tarandus, i, M., reindeer (?)

tapete,

is,

tarde, sloicly. tardipes, pedis, slow-foot. tarditas, atis, F., sloivness, didness. tardities, ei -tudo, inis, f., slow;

southern point of Greece. Taenarius, a, um, Spartan.

teenia,
ae, F.,fillet,

ness.

taesum

hair-hand. est, [taedet,] it wearies.

tardiusculus, a, um, rather sloiv. tardo, I, to delay, prevent, linger. tardus, a, um, sloiv, sluggish, lingering, dull, deliherate.

t9eter=teter, offensive. tagax, acis, liglit-fingered. talaris, e, of the ankle ;

Tarentinus,
N.
pl.,

a,

um, of Tarentwn

icinged sandals. talarius, a, um, of dice. talea, ae, f., rod, har, cutting.

{Taranto), in S. E. Italy. tarnies, itis, M., woodworm.

talentum,

of a talio, onis,
talis, e,

sum

tcdent (-^ cwt, or over $1000). f., punishment in kind. such, of such sort.
i,

n.,

little

talpa, talus,

ae, f.,
i,

mole.

M., ankle, ankle-hone, die.

tam,

so

tam

quam,

as (well) as.

Tarpeia, ae, the maiden who betrayed the citadel to the Sabines. Tarpeius mons, the steep north front of the Capitohne. Tarquinius, i, the 5th and 7th k. of Rome, B.c. 618-578, 534-509 (from Tarquinii, in Etruria). Tarracina, ae, f., a coast-town half-waybet. Rome and Naples.

Tarraconensis
Tarraconensis,
Spain.
m. ; -a, orum, n., eternal torture, hell; adj., Tartareus or -inus. Tartessus, i, F., a port of Spain. tarum, i, n., aloe-wood. Tatius, i, a Sabine king, reigning jointly with Romulus. taura, ae, f., a harren cow. taureus, a, um, of bulls or oxen. Tauri, orum, a people of Thrace. tauriformis, e, buU-shaped.
(os),
i,

temporatim.
tegumen,
cover.

187

e,

of Tarragona, in

inis;

-mentum,

i,

n.,

Tartarus
the

Teius,

a,

um, of Teos (Anacreon).

place

of

tela, ae, f., tceb, ivarp, loom. Telamo (-on), onis, father of Ajax.

Taurii ludi, games in

honor of

Teleboae, arum, a robber people of Acarnania. Telegonus, i, son of Ulysses and Circe, slayer of his father, and founder of Tusculum. Telemachus, i, son of Ulysses and Penelope. Telephus, i, son of Hercules and Auge king of Mysia.
;

the infernal deities. Taurini, orum, people of N.

Italy (Turin).

tellus,

iiris, f., ihe earth.

W.

taurinus, a, um, of buUs, or oxen. Taurois, entis, a fortress of Massilia.

Tauromenium,

i,

N.,

a town of

eastern Sicily. taurus, i, M., bull, ox, buUock. taxa, ge, f., laurel. taxatio, onis, f., reckoning.
a, um, of yews. taxim=tetigerim, [tango,] taxim, genUy, by degrees.

i, f., a town of Caria. telum, i, n., spcar, javelin, iceapon. temerarius, a, um, accidental, rash. temere, by chance, rashly, hastily. temeritas, atis, f., chance,rashness. temero, i, io profane, j)oUute. Temesa (Tempsa), se, a town of S. Italy, noted for copper mines.

Telmessus,

temetum, temno, 3,
touch.

i,

n., intoxicating drink.

scorn, despise.
m., bea^n, pole,
n.,

taxeus,

temo, onis,
Tempe,pl.,

waggon. avalleyof Thessaly.

touch sharply, charge against, appraise. taxus, i, F., yew. Taygetus, i, m. ; -a, orum, n., a mountain-ridge in Laconia.
I,

taxo,

i, N., measure, moderation, temperament. temperans, tis, moderate. temperanter, wiih moderation. temperantia, ae, F., moderation.

temperamentum,

te
f

(tu), thee.
ae, f., craft, trick.

techna,

tcmperate, temjierately. temperatio, onis, f., tempering. temperatus, a, um, arranged, prepared, moderate.

tecte, covertly.

tectorius,

a,

um, for

covering ; n.,

thatch, plaster.

temperi, [tempus,] at ihefit time. temperies, ei, F., tempering, iemper.

tectum,

i, n., roof dweUing, sheUer. tectus, [tego,] sheUered.

tempero,

i,

to

temper,

qualify,

tecum
Tegea,

(tu), with thee.

soften, regulate, govern, forbear. tempestas, atis, f., time, season,

iveaiher,

ted=te, ihee. teda=taeda,

se, f.,

tempest.

torch.

Tegeeus

(-aeus), a,
f.,

a town in Arcadia. um, Arcadian.

covering, mat.
inis, n., cover.

tempestive, seasonably. tempestivitas, atis, F., iimeliness. tempestivus, a, um,fi, ripe, timely.

teges, etis, tegillum, i,

templum,

i,

n.,

open

circuii,

sanc-

n., hood.

tuary, temple.

tegimen (tegmen),

tempora, um,
temporalis, e
;

n., temples,

head.

tego, xi, ct-, 3, to cover, hide, sheUer. tegula, SB, F., iile.

-arius, a,

um, for a

iime, iemporary.

tegulum,

i,

N.,

roof

temporatim,

at iimes

or seasons.

188
tempori,
in season.
try.

tempori

tersus.

ter, th7'ee times.

tempto=tento,
tempus,

tercentum,

oris, N., time, season, occa-

sion, circ umstaace.

temulentia, e, f., intoxication. temulentus, a, um, drunk.

tenacitas, atis, F., stubbornness. tenaciter, stubbornh/.

three hundred, terdecies, thirteen times. terebinthus, i, f., turpentine-tree. terebra, ae, f., auger (for boring). terebro, i, to bore, pierce. teredo, inis, f., boi^er.

tenax, acis, grasping, Jirm, tenacious, stubborn, stingy.

teres, etis, [tero,] rounded, polished.

woiii

smooth,

tendo, tetendi) tent- (tens-),

stretch,

3,

Tereus, i, myth. king of Thrace. tergeminus, a, um, three-fold.

tergeo, 2 -go, si, 3, to tvipe, cleanse. Tergeste, is, n., a port of Istria,
;

extend,

iend, endeavor,

spread encamp.

out,

go,

tenebrae, arum,

f., darkness, night, glonm, blindness, dealh. tenebricus (-cosus), a, um, gloomy, dark, obscure. tenebrosus, a, um, dark, gloomy.

Trieste.

tergilla,

ae, F.,
i,

pork-rind.

terginum,

n.,

raw

hide.

tergiversatio, onis, F., refusal. tergiversor, i, turn the back, shufJie, evade.

Tenedos (us), F., an I. near Troy. tenellus, a, um, tender, delicate.

i,

teneo,

ui, tent-, 2, hold, keep, attain, compriliend, restrain, eiidure. tener, era, um, soft, teiider. tenerasco (-esco), 3, to grow soft. teneritas, atis, f., softness.

tergo=tergeo, ivipe. tergum, i -us, oris, n.,

;

back, body,

hide

dsLre terga.,

to Jlee.

termes,

itis, m., olive-bough.

tenor, oris, m., career, course. tensa, ae, f., a car (for the images of the gocls), tensio, onis, f., stretching oiit. tensus, [tendo,] stretched, tight.

terminalis, e, of boundaries. terminatio, onis, F., fxing bounds. termino, i, to bound, Umit, define. terminus, i, M., boundary, limit. ternideni, se, a, thirteen each. ternus, a, um, by threes, threefold;
pl. three each, three.

tentabundus, trying here and there. tentamen, inis -mentum, i, n.

;

-atio, onis, f., attempt.

tero, trivi, trit-, 3, wear, tvear aivay, bruise (for threshing), Jrequent. Terpsichore, es, the Muse of

tento,

I,

try, tempt, attack, attempt.

i,

Dancing.
terra,
ae, F., earth,

tentorium,
held.

n., tent.

ground, region.
earthen,
earthy,

tentus, [tendo,] stretched; [teneo,]

tenuis,
e,

terrenus,
enrthly.

a,

um,

thin,

slender,

narrow,

shallow, meagre, slight, fine.

tenuitas, atis, f., thinness, scarcity. tenuiter, thinly, pooriy, finely.

tenuo,
ate,

I,

make

thin, clilute, attenu-

reduce, enfeeble. tenus, 6ris, n., cord, snare. tenus, M/; to, as far as.

ui, it-, 2, to frighten, alarm, scare away. terrestris, e, ofthe earth, or land. terreus, a, um, earthen. terribilis,e, friglitful, dreadful. terricula, se, f., a bugbear.

terreo,

terrifico,

i,

terrify.

terrificus, a,

um,

causing dread.

tepe-facio,

3, to

make warm.

terrigena,
territo,
i,

ae,

c, earth-born.
i,

tepeo, 2, to be lukewarm. tepesco, pui, 3, grow bdcewarm. tepidarium, i, n., loarm bath. tepidus, a, um, Inkeioarm, faint. tepor, oris, n., gentle warmth.

to terrify.

territorium,

n., territory.
j

territus, \texxeo,^frightened. terror, oris, m dread, terror. tersus, [tergo,] clean, corred, necu\
,

tertianus
tertianus,
tertio, at-,
a,

Thracus.
textrinus,
a,
;
;

189

um, of tlie
do

third.

um, of

loeaving or

i, to

thrice.

construction

N., ship-yard.

tertio (um), for the 36/ time, thirdly. tertius, a, um, third.
(^^^ of as), penny, trifie. tesca, orum, n., tvastes, wilds. tessera, ae, f., square tahlet, die,

textura, ae, f. -tus, m., structure. textus, [texo,] ivoven; N., weh.
f f

teruncius

thalamegus, i, f., harge. thalamus, i, m., hed-chamher,

loedlock.

hed,

chequer, token.

f thalassicus, a,
shell.
tile.

um,

sea-like.

testa (-ula), ee, F., hrick, tile, testaceus, a, um: of hrick or

Thales

(etis), is,

an lonian phil-

testamentarius,

a,

um,
a

oficills.
loill,

testamentum,
ment.

i,

N.,

testa-

osopher, b.c. 640-550. Thalia, ae, f., the Muse of Comedy. f thallus, i, M., a green hough. Thapsos, i, F., a town of Sicily.

testatim, infrac/ments.
testatio, onis, F., attestation. testato, hefore witnesses. testator, oris, m., witness, testator. testatus, a, um, proved, puhlished. testeus, a, um, of earthen. testificatio, oliis, f., evidence. testificor, i, prove, fjive evidence.

Thaumantias, adis -tis, idis, Iris, daughter of Thaumas.

;

theatralis,
f

e,

ofthe theatre.

theatrum, i, n., theatre. Thebae, arum, f., a city of Egypt

also, capital of Bceotia, Thehes.
f theca, 86, F., case, slieath. Themis, idis, f., goddess of Justice and Prophecy. Themistocles, is, an Athenian

testimonium,
testis,
is,
I,

i,

N., evidence.

c, a witness.
hear ivitness,
ivill,

testor,
attest,

testifj,

prove,
f

puhlish a
a,

call to witness.
tortoise.

statesman, B.c. 513-449. theriaca, ae, f., antidote.

testudineus,
shell
;

um, of a

f thermae,

arum,
tis,

f.,

warm

s^irings

testiido, inis,

F.,

tortoise,

tortoise-

or haths.

boards or shields, locked

lid.

Thermodon,
Pontus.

M.,

a river of

to cover a storming-party. testum, i (tu), n., earthen pot,

tetanus, i, M., cramp. tete (te), thee (emphatic)

teter, tra,

Thermopylae, arum, Thermopylce, the pass from Thessaly defended by Leonidas, b.c. 480.
f

um,

offensive, foul.

thesaurus,

i,

m.,

treasure, treas-

Tethys, yos,
ftetra-,/t) ur.

F.,

wife of Oceanus.

ure-house. Theseus, ei (eos), myth. king of

quarter. f tetrans, tis, M., a tetrao, onis, M., heath-cock. tetrarch f tetrarches, se, m.,

Athens, ^thra.

son

of

^Egeus

and

governor of a quarter-province.

tetre, shockingly.

tetricus, a, um, crahhed, harsh. tetuli, tuli (fero), hear. Teucer, cri, mytli. k. of Troy also, a brother of Ajax. Teucrus (-crius), a, um, Trojan. Teutoni, orum (es, um), Teutons,

(-eius), a, um, of Theseus. Thessalia, ae, F., northern Greece. Thetis, idis, a sea-nymph, mother of Achilles. magician. f theurgus, i, M., in honor of f thiasus, i, m., dance Bacchus. temple. f tholus, i, M., dome of

Theseus

thomix,
plnte.

icis, f., cord, thread.

a German tribe. texo, ui, tum, 3,

f
to

thorax, acis,
ae, f.,

M.,

hreast,

hreast-

weave, hraid,

huild, cover. textilis, e, woven; n., iveh, clofh. textor, oris, m., loeaver.

Thracia,

Thracus
cius,
a,

(-cius,

Thrace (Turkey). -cicus); Threi-

um, Thracian.

190
Thrasybulus,
Athens,
i,

Thrasybulus
the liberator of

tono.
ae,

Tiresias,

a blind soothsayer of

Thrax,

b.c. 404. acis (-eissa, F.), Thracian.

f.,
i,

Thebes.
tiro, onis, m.,

raw
N.,

recruit, heginner.

Thule, es,

Shetland or Iceland (?).

m., tunny-Jish.

tirocinium,

i,

frst service, raw

fthunnus, Thurinus,
city near

forces, recruits.

a,

um, of

Thurii,

Tiryns, thos

Tarentum. thus, thuris=tus, Incense.

Thyas

(ias),

adis,

Thyestes,

ae,

f., a hacchante. brother of Atreus.

fthymbra,
f thymele, f thymum,
f

ee, f.,

savory.

es, F., leader''^ stand.

i,

N.,

thyme.

(is), f., a town of Argohs, the home of Hercules. Tisiphone, es, f. (avenger of hlood), one of the Furies. Titan, anis, son of Caelus also, tlie Sun-god pl., Titans, who tried to scale Olympus, and were driven by thunderbolts
; ;

thyrsus, i, m., stem, staff twined with vine-shoots. Ti. the praenomen Tiberius.
tiara, ae, f. (-as, m.), turban, tiara. Tiberinus, of the Tiber.

into Tartarus.

Tithonus,

i,

son of Laomedon,

to Aurora. Tities (-enses), one of the tribes in early Rome. (Sabine.'*)

titillo, I, to tickle.

wedded

Tiberis, is

(idis), m., the Tiher.

Tiberius (Claudius Nero), emperor from a.d. 14-31.

tibia, 06, F., shin-hone ; jnpe, flute. tibiale, is, n., stocking, leggin.

titio, onis, m., firehrand.

titivillitium,

i,

n., trifle.

titubo,
titulus,

I,
i,

to stagger, reel,

M., label,

title,

waver. placard.

tibicen, inis, m. ; -cina, flutist ; prop, column.

se,

F.,piper,

Tibur, uris,
Ticinus,
i,

n.,

{Tivoli); adj.,
m.,

a town of Latium Tiburs, tis.

the river Ticino in

Tityos, i, a giant slain by Apollo, his hver torn by a vuhure in Tartarus. Tmolus (-ius), i, m,, a mountain of Lydia famous for wines.
i, M., tufa (a volcanic stone). toga, e, F., [tego,] toga, mantle, goivn of peace. togatiis, a, um, wearing the toga ; a lloman in civil life. tolerabilis, e, endurable, enduring. tolerans, tis, enduring, tolerant. toleranter, patiently, tolerably. tolero, I, to hear, sustcdn. tolleno, onis, m., ivell-sweep. tollo (sustuli, sublat-), 3, lift, raise, exalt, lift aivay, carry off, tveigh

N.

Italy.

tofus,

tigillum, i, N., a little heam. tignarius, a, um, ofbeams. tignum, i, n., a beam, log, lumber. Tigranes, is, k. of Armenia, sonin-law of Mithridates.
tigris, is (idis),

c,

tiger.

tilia, ee, f., linden-tree.

timeo, ui, 2, fear, dread, be anxious. timide, timidly. timiditas, atis, F., coivardice. timidus, a, um, timid, coivardly. timor, oris, m., fear, alarm, dread. tinctus, [tingo,] stained, dyed. tinea, ae, f., hee-moth, book-worm.
tingo, nxi, nct-, 3, dye, stain, ivet. tinnio, 4, to jingle, scream. tinnitus, us, 4, ringing, jangling.

(anchor), destroy, abolish.

Tolosa,

ae, f.,

Toulouse in S. Gaul.
trot.

toliitim, on a

tomentum,
f

tomus,

tonans,

i, n., stuffing. M., piece,part, volume. tis, the thunderer (Jupiter).

i,

tinnulus,

a,

um,
a,

ringing, shrill.
i,

tondeo, totondi, tons-,

cut, shear, crop.

2,

clip,

tintinnabulum,
tintinnaculus,
jailor.

n., hell.

um,

clanking

m.,

tonitrus, us, M. (-tru -trium,

;

i,

n).,

thunder.
i, to

tintinno,

ring, clank, jingle.

tono,

ui,

I, to

thunder., roar, crash.

tonsa
tonsa,
ae, F.,

I
I I

Tralles.
torvitas, atis,
f., sternness.

191

an

oar.

tonsilis, e, shorn, dipped. tonsor, oris, m., shearer, hair-cutter. tonstrina, se, f., harher^s shop. tonsiira, se, f., dipping, pruning. tonsus, [tondeo,] shorn.

^vild, gloomy, savage. tostus, [tbireo,] parched.

torvus,

a,

um,

many. totidem, just

tot, so

so

many.

ttonus,

i,

M., sound, tone.

t6phus=tofus, tufa. topia, orum, N., fancg gardening. topiarius, a, um, of gardening
M., gardener.

toties (totiens), so oflen. totus, a, um, g., ius, all, the ivhole. toxicum, i, n., p)oison (for arrows).
[tra-,

trabalis,

=trans-. e, o/or Uke a heam.

topper,

diligently, speedily.

toral, alis, N., valance (of couch). torcular, aris, n., oit or ivinepress. toroulus (-arius), a, um, of a press.

ftoreuma, atis, n., einbossed ivork. tormentum, i, n., [torqueo,] an

engine, missile, cord, rack, torment. tormina, um, n., gripes.

trabea, se, M., state-rohe. trabeatus, a, um, ivearing the trahea ; f., a kind of play. trabs, bis, f., heam, timber, ship. Trachinius, a, um, of Trachin, a town of Thessaly.
tractabilis, e, tractahle, pliant. tractatio, onis, f. ; -tus, iis, M., touching, handling, treatment.

torno, I, f tornus, torosus,

to turn,
i,

fashion.

M., ivheel, lathe.

a,

um,

muscular, brawny.
dull.

torpedo, inis, f numbness. torpeo, ui, 2, to he stiff, numh, torpesco, ui, 3, groiv numh. torpidus, a, um henumhed.

tractim, drawUngly, strokingly tracto, I, drag, touch, handle, treat. tractus, [traho,] draivn-out. tractus, iis, m., draming, draught,
tract, district, cour^e, length.

torpor, oris, M., numhness. torporo, I, to henumh. torquatvis, a, um, having a neckchain.

traditio, onis, f., giving over, surrender, insfruction, tradition. traditor, oris, m., hetrayer. trado, didi, dit-, 3, deliver, commit,

tradiico,
2, tivist,

torqueo, torsi, tort-,

wind,

confide, surrender, hetray. xi, ct-, 3, lead across, transfer, hring over, expose.

hurl, ^vrench, torture. torquis (es), is, D., collar

or twisted

chain, ivreath.

torre-facio, 3, to parch. torrens, tis, rushing, hoiling ; M., a torrent, rushing stream. torreo, ui, tost-, 2, to jmrch, roast. torridus, a, um, parched, torrid.
torxis, i&, M., fire-hrand. torte, awry. tortilis, e, twisted, crooked. tortivus, a, um, made hy pressure.

f., leading across, vonducting, removing, exposure. tradux, ucis, N., vine-layer. sweetmeats. f tragemata, um, N., tragicus, a, um, oftragedy, tragic,

traductio, onis,

grand,

terrihle.

tragedy. f tragoedia, ae, F., tragedian. f tragoedus, i, M., tragula, ae, f.. dart, javelin, plot.

tragum,

i,

N.,

jwrridge.

tortor, oris, M., tormentor.

tortuosus,

a,

um,

ivinding, tortuous,
_

traha, se, f., a drag, sledge. traho, xi, ct-, 3, draiv, drag, plunder, squander, jn-otract. Trajanus, i, Roman emperor, a.d.

complicated, tangled. tortura, se, f., ivrenching.

98-117.
-tus, us. M., a trajectio, onis, f. crossing, passage, transportation, trajicio,"jeci,ject-, 3, throw across,
;

tortus, [torqueo,] twisted. tortus, us, M., twisting, ivreath. torulus, i, M., tuft of hair. torus, i, M., swelling, muscle, couch.

transport, pierce, transfix.

Tralles, ium,

f.,

a town in Lydia.

192

trama

tribunatus.
transpadanus, trans-pono, 3,
a,

trama, ee, f., icoof, weft. trames, itis, m., foot-path, course. trano (transno), i, swim across.
tranquillitas, atis, F., stillness, calmness, serenity, brightness. tranquillo, i, to cabn, still. tranquUlus, a, um, calm, tranquil. trans, across, heyond. [trans-, across or change.

um, heyond Po,

transfer, remove.

transporto, i, convey, transport. transtrum, i, n., hench, thivart (ir

sliip), ha)ik for rowers. transvectio, onis, F., transport. transveho, xi, ct-, 3, convey across

transabeo, ii, 4, to pass through. transadigo, egi, act-, 3, transfix. transoendo, di, sum, 3, overstep,
exceed, transcend.

transverbero, i, st^rike through. transversus, a, um, crosswise. transverto, ti, sum, 3, turn across. transvolo, i fy or pass over.
,

transvorsus=transversus.
money-changer. a lake in Etruria. trebax, acis, cwining, crafty. Trebia, ae, F., Trehia in N. Italy. treceni, ae, a, 300 each. trecenti, ae, a, three hundred. trecenties, 300 times. tredecies, thirleen times.

ftrapezita,
traverse,

se,

m.,

tran-scribo, trans-curro,

3, to 3,

copy, transfer.
noose, snare.

Trasimenus,

i,

run across,

transenna,

ee, .,

transeo, ii, 4, (jo across, pass over. transero, sert-, 2),put through, graft. trans-fero, carry over, transpiant,
transfer, copy, convey. transfigo, xi, xum, 3, transfix. transfiguro, i, transform. trans-fodio, 3, jnerce, thrust, stah.

tredecim,

thirteen. three.
a,

treis=tres,

tremebundus,
treme-facio,
3,

um,

quivering.

transformo,

.1,

transforo, 1, transfreto, i, cross a strait oy ferry. transfuga, ae, C, deserter. transfugio, fiigi, 3, to desert.

transform, alter. pierce through.

tremendus,

transfugium, i, n., desertion. transfundo, fiidi, fus-, 3, transfuse.

transgredior, gressus, 3, cross over, go heyond. transgressio, onis, F.,passing ootr. transigo, egi, act-, 3, drive or thrust
through, complete, finish, settle. transilio, ui (ivi), 3, spring across, hasten over.

tremisco, 3, tremo, ui, 3, to shake, tremhle (at). tremor, oris, M., iremhling, dread. tremulus, a, um, quivering, tremhling.

cause to shake. a, um, formidahle. quake, tremhle.

trepidatio, onis, f., agitation. trepide, confusio)i or alarm. trepido, i, he coj\fused, agitated.

throh, tremhle at.

trepidanter, anxiously. trepidus, a, um, restless, anxious. alarmed.

tres, tria, three. tressis, is, m., three asses.

transitio, onis, f. ; -tus, us, m., passage, desertion, transition. transitorius, a, um, /or transit. translatio, onis, f., transferring, traus/a/io)), metaphor.

translator. oris, m., transferrer. translatus, [fero,] transferred.

orum, m., Boa)'d of thret charge of prisons, &c.). f triangulus, a, um, three-cornered. triarii, orum, infantry of yl rcmk. tribulis, e, of the same trihe.
tresviri,
(in

transmarinus,
sea, foreign.

a,

um, /rom heyond

tribulo,
drag.

I,

press, oppress.
i,

tribulum,
tribulus,

n.

-a, ae, f., threshing-

transmeo, i, go across. transmigro, i, remove.

trans-mitto, 3, send across through, pass hy, traverse.
or

i,

m., thistle, caltrop (crow-

transmissus, us,

m., passage.

cavalry). tribiinal, alis, N., judgment-seat. tribunatus, iis, m., trihuneship.

foot, to

impede

tribunitius
tribunitius,
a,

trochus.
trini, se, a, thy^ee each.

193

um, of a

tribune.

tribunus,

i,

m., trlbune,

paymaster,

of a legion, or defender of the plebs. tribuo, ui, ut-, 3, allot, impart, render, yield, distribute.

commander

tribus, us, F., tribe, a local division of the Roman people, 35 in alL The three patrician tribes, Ram-

have been thought to represent the Latin, Sabine and Etruscan stock in the founding of Rome. tributarius, a, um, of tribute.
nes, Tities, Luceres,

tributim, by tribiitum, i,
tricae,

tribes.

N., tribute, gift.

F., tricks, trifles.

arum,

triceni, se, a, thirty eacli. tricenti, ae, a, tliree liundred.

f triobolus, i, m. (3 oboh), sixpence. triones, um, M. (team of oxen) septem, the Polar Bear, norlh. triparcus, a, um, very stingy. tripartitus, in tliree divisions. triplex, icis, three-fold. Triptolemus, myth. k. of Eleusis, inventor of agriculture. tripudio, i, to dance, leap. tripudium, i, N., a religious dance a favorable omen (from the feeding of chickens). ftripus, odis, m., tripod (threefooted seat). triquetrus, a, um, three-cornered. triremis, is, r., trireme (galley with three banks of oars).
;

tris=tres (acc), three.

triste, sadly.

tricesimus,
trichila,

a,

um,

thirtieth.

ae, f., boicer,

arbor.

tricies, thirty times.

tristi=trivisti, [tero,] icore. tristis, e, sad, gloomy, harsh; stern.

tristitia, se, F., sadness, sternness.

triclinium,

i,

n.,

couch on three

sides (at table), dining-room.

trico, onis, M., trickster. tricor, i, to dally, shuffie. tridens, tis, three-pronged,
toothed; M., trident. triduum, i, N., three days. triennium, i, N., three years.

ihree-

trisulcus, a, um, three-cleft, triple. tritavus, i, M., ancestor (v. avus). triticeus, a, um, of ivheat. triticum, i, N., ivheat. Triton, onis (os), a sea-god, son

triens,

tis, M.,
is, f.,

a third (of

as).

of Neptune. Tritonia, ee (of Lake Triton, in Africa), Minerva.

tritor, oris, M., grinder.
tritiira,
ae,

f trieris,

trireme (a galley of

three banks). a, f trietericus,

f trieteris,
trifer, era,

F.,

grinding,

rubbing

um,

triennial.

idis, F., three years.

trifariam, in three ivays or places.

trifidus, a,

um, thrice-bearing. um, three-cleft.

e, three-fold, triform.

(threshing). tritus, [tero,] rubbed, worn. triumphalis, e, of a triumph. triumphatus, a, um, vanquished,
qot by conquest.

triformis,
triga,

ae, f.,

team of three horses.

a,

triumpho, i, triumphus, i,

to

triumph, exult.

m.,

triumph (a solemn

trigeminus,

um,

three-twin, three-

fold, very great.

triginta, ihirty. a, um, three-cornered. f tri.56nus, trilinguis, e, having three tbngues.

trilix, icis, three-twilled. trimestris, e, of three months.

procession of victory). triumviri, oruni, Board of Three (for colonies, poUce, or mint).
Trivia,
se,

Diana or

Ilecate.

trivialis, e, ofthe street-corner. trivium, i, n., meeting of 3 roads,

h it/h ivay, crossroad.

trimodium,

i,

n.,

ypeck measure.

trimus, a, um, three years old. Trinacria, se, F., Sicily (having
three headlands).

Troas, adis, f., a Trojan woman. a ivren. f trochilus, i, M., f., pidley-block. f trochlea, ae, hoop. f trochus, i, m.,

194

Troes

tureus.
TuUiauus, dmigeon
a,

Troes, um, Trojans. Troezeu, enis, f., a city of Argolis. Troglodytae, dwellers in caves. Troius, a, um, Trojan. Troij (in northTroja, ae, f., western Asia Minor). Trojugena, ae, c, Troij-horn.

built

um, of Tullius ; by him.

n,,

Tullius (Servius), sixth king of Rome, B.c, 578-534. Tullus Hostilius, third king of Rome, B.c, 679-640. tum, then; cum (tum) tum,
.
. .

ftropaeum,

i,

n.,

tropliij

(a post,

hoth

and ;
3,

not only

hut also.

decorated with captured arms), monwnent, victory. Trophonius, i, a deity worshipped in a cave of Boeotia, t tropicus, a, um, of turning, tropic. Tros, ois, myth. king of Phrygia,,

tume-facio,

cause

to swell.

tumeo, 2, to he sivollen, turgid. tumesco, mui, 3, to hecome swollen.

tumide,
haughtily.

tumidus

(-osus), a,

um,

swelling,

Trous
trua,

(-ius, -icus, -jauus), a,

um;

Tros, ois, Trojan.

ae, f,, ladle, gutler.

haughty, turgid, violent. tumor, oris, m., sivelling, commotion. tumulo, I, to hury.

trucidatio, onis, F,, massacre. trucido, I, to hutclier, massacre. truculentia, ae, F., harshness. truculentus, a, um, harsh, Jierce.
trudis,
is, f.,
si,

tumulosus, a, um, hilly. tumultuarius, a, um, hasty, confused, irregular.

tumultuor (-0), i,tohe

tumultuous.
tu-

pole, pile.
3, to

tumultuose, in confusion. tumultuosus, a, um, confused,

multuous.

trudo,
trulla,

sum,
i,

push, thrust.

se, F., ladle, trowel.

trulleum,
trullisso,

n.,

wash-hasin.

tumultus, iis, N., tumult, uj)roar. tumulus, i, N,, mound, hill.

tuuc, ihen. tuudo, tutudi, tunsstrike, hruise, stun,

I, to

plaster.

trunco, I, mutilate, cut off. truucus, i, M,, tru7ik, stem, bodj. truncus, a, um, mangled, disjigured, maimed, hroken, cut off.
e, driven hy hand. trusus, [trudo,] thrust. trutiua, ae, f., halance. trux, trucis, liarsh, grim, stern. ftryblium, i, N,, a plate, salver. tu, tui, tibi, te, pl. vos, thou. tuatim, in your fashion. tuba, ae, f., trumpet. tuber, eris, N., hump, mushroom. tuber, eris, n., a kind of ajDple. tubiceu, iuis, m., irumpeter.

(tus-), 3,

to

importune. tuuica, ae, f., tunic (a belted shirt), coaiing, iniegument.

trusatilis,

tuuico, I, to cloihe with tunic. tunsus, [tundo,] heaien. tuor, 3=tueor, gaze, guard. tiiralis, e -arius, a, um, ofincense. turba, ae, f., crowd, disorder, hraiol. turbate, in confusion. turbatio, ouis, f., coifusion. turbator, oris, m., disiurher.
;

arum, f., hustle, turben=turbo, lohirl.

turbellae,

row.

tubilustrium, feast of trumpets. tubulus, i, M., py>e, tuhe. tuburciuor, r, i, devour. tubus, i, M,, pipe, tuhe.

turbide, in disorder. turbido, i, to trouhle, disiurh. turbidus, a, um, confused, wild,per~

plexed, stormy, turhid.

tucetum,

i,

n., sausage.

tudes, is, M., hammer. tuditans,tis, striking, driving. tueor, itus, 2, look at, gaze, guard.

tugurium,

i,

N,, cottage, hut.

tuli, [fero,] hore.

turbiuatus, a, um, cone-shaped. turbo, I, disiurh, trouhle, confuse. turbo, iuis, m,, ivhirl, hurricane, iop. turbuleutus, a, um, agitated, stormy, sediiious. turdus, i, N,, -a, ae, f,, thrush. tureus, a, um, of incense.

tur^eo
turgeo, tursi, 2, to he swollen. turgesco, 3, to swell. turgidus, a, um, sicollen, turgid. turibuluni, i, N., censer.

ultrix.
f f

195
F.,

tyrannis, idis,

tyranny.
tyrant.

tyrannus, i, M., sovereign, Tyrius, a um, of Tyre.

Tyros

(us),

i,

f.,

Tyre, a port of

turicremus, a, um, incense-hurning.

turifer, era,

Phoenicia.

um,
F.,

turma,

ae,

troop,

yielding incense. squadron (of

Tyrrhenus,

a,

um,

Etrurian.

32), throng.

turmalis,

e,

of a squadron, cavalry.
iiber, eris, N., hreast, udder, fertility. uber, eris, rich, fertile, ahundant. uberius, berrime, more fruitfully.

turmatim, hy squadrons, or troops. Turmis, i, ipyth. king of Rutuli.

turpis, e, ugly, hase,foul. turpiter, hasely. turpitudo, inis, F., foulness,
grace, infamy.
pollute, dishonor. turpo, turriger, era, um, hearing towers. turris, is, im, i, f., tower, citadel.
I, to soil,

dis-

iibero (-to), i, ubertas, atis,

tofertilize.
F.,

richness, dbun-

dance,fertility.

ubertim, copiously.
ubi, ichere, when, as soon as.

turritus, a, um, castled, toicering. turtur, uris, M., turtle-dove.

ubicumque,

icherever, everyichere.
will.

ubilibet, anywhere you

turunda,

se, F.,

paste, hall.

ubinam, where f
ubique, everywhere, icherever. ubiubi, icherever. ubivis, ichere you will. udo, I, to moisten.
iido, onis, N.,

tus, turis, N., incense.

Tuscus, a,um, Tuscan{oi Etruria). Tusculum, i, N., a town of Latium.

tussio, 4, to cougJi. tussis, is, im, i, f., cough. tusus, [tundo,] hruised.

afur or felt

socJc.

iidus, a,

um,

wet, moist.

tiitamen, inis,

n., defence.

tute, thou (empliatic). tute, safely. tutela, 86, F., guardiansUp,protector. tutelaris, e, of defence.

ulcero, r, to make sore. ulcerosus, a, um, full ofsores. ulciscor, ultus, 3, to revenge,punish. ulcus, eris, N., sore, xdcer. uliginosus, a, um, moist.
uligo, inis,
f.,

moisture.

tuto, safely.
tiitor, 6ris, M., protector, guardian.

Ulixes,

is (ei), Ulysses,

myth. king

tutor, I to guard, icard tutus, [tueor,] safe. tuus, a, um, thy, your.
,

off.

Tybris=Tiberis, Tiher. Tydeus, ei (eos), myth. father of

of Ithaca, famous for craft and eloquence. uUus, a, um, ius (w. neg.), ayiy. ulmeus, a, um, of elm: ulmea virga, rod (for whipping).

Diomed (Tydides, ee). tympanum, i, n., drum, tamhourine.

Tyndareus,
ei (us,
i),

ulmitriba,

ae, M.,

rod-icearer {sl^Ne).

ulmus,
uhia,

i,

F-, elm.

myth. king

ae, f., elhoic, ell.

i,

of Sparta, father of Helen. Typhoius, a, um, of Typhoeus, or

ulpicum,

N.,

a kind of leek.

Typhon, a giant buried under

^tna.
phoon.

uls, heyond. ulterior, ns, farther, heyond. ultimo (um), for the last time.

j-typhon, onis M., tchirlwmd, ty-

ultimus,

a,

um, furthest,

last.

ftypus, i, M.,figure, type. jtyrannicida, se, M., tyrant-hdler. tyrannicus, a, um, tyranmcal. f

ultio, onis, F., vengeance. ultor, oris, M., avenger. ultra, heyond, hesides.
^

ultrix, icis, F., avenging.

196

ultro

urbanus.
undeciremis,is,
f.,

ultro, het/ond, afar, hesides, voluntarUij, unconstrained, unprovoked. ultroneus, a, um, voluntary. ultus, [ulciscor,] avenged,punished. ulula, se, F., screech-owL uiulatus, us, M., waiUng, howling. ululo, I, to wail, howl, resound.

ship ofi

hanks.

undecumque,

lohencesoever.

undelibet, whence you toilL undeni, ae, a, eleven cach.

undevicecimus,

a,

um,

nineteenth.

undeviginti, nineteen.

ulva,

ae, f.,

sedge, meadow-grass.

Ulysses=Ulixes.
uniber, bri, m., an Umhrian hound.

undique, everywhere, from all sides. undo, I, to toave, overflow, ahound. undosus, a, um, full of waves, hil-

umbilicus,

i,

m., navel, centre.

umbo,
shield,

onis, m., hoss (of shield),

elhow.

unedo, onis, m., unetvicesimus,

_ lowy. _

arhute.
a,

um,

troenty-first.

umbra, ae, f., umbraculum,

umbraticus,
umbratilis,
schooL
e,

shade, shadow, ghost. i, n., shade, hower.

ungella, ae, f., a little claw. ungo, nxi, nct-, 3, smear, anoint.

unguen,

a,

shade. staying in shade, at

um, ofthe

inis, ^.,fat, ointment.

a,

unguentarius,
C, perfume.

um, ofointments;
ointment, per-

unguentum,
fume. unguici^us,
unguis,
is,
i,

i,

n.,

umbratiliter, in outUne. Unibri, orum, people of Umbria, ca dist. of N. E. Italy. umbrifer, era, m., shade-giving.

u., finger-yiaiL
a,

unguinosus,

um,

oily.
claiv,

m.,

nail,

umbro, i, to shade, cover. umbrosus, a, um, shady.

talon;

ad unguem,
ungula,
ae, f.,

accurately.

umquam,
una,

hoof claw.

ever.

unguo=ungo,
um, ofone mind
iinicus,

together.
;

anoint. iinice, alone, singidarly.

color.
a,

unanimis, e

-us, a,

unicolor, oris, ofone

or wiU, unanbnoHs.

um,
e,

unanimitas, atis, f., unanimity. uncatus, a, um, hooked.

uncia,
ae, f.,

single, sole, singular,

unit/ue.

one-twelfth (as ounce,

trif/e.^

inch, &c.), a
;

uncialis, e -arius, a, um, of an ounce. unciatim, hy ounces or inches.

uncinus,

i,

m., hook, harh.

.,

unctio, onis, unctor, oris,

oneness ; m., a pearL unio, 4, to unite. unitas. atis, F., oneness, sameness. uniusmodi, of one soj^L universe (-im), in generaL universitas, atis, F., the lohole, the
f.,

ilniformis, unio, onis,

ofone shape.

anointing.

tiniverse.

m., anointer.
m., anointing-room.
rich,

iiniversus,

a,

um,

unctorium,
N.,

all together,

as

i,

unctus, [ungo,]

sumptuous

a tohole ; iinoculus,

n., the ^iniverse.

a,

um,

one-eyed.
ever.

hanquel, ointment. uncus, i, M., hook, harh. uncus, a, um, crooked, hooked.

unquam=umquam,
unus,
a,

ius, one, some, only, a. upilio, onis, m., shepherd.

um,

unda, ae, f., loave, water, undatim, Uke loaves. unde, lohence.

tide.

[unde-, onefrom:(as undeviginti).

undecentum,

ninety-nine.
times.

undecies, eleoen

upupa, ae, f., a hoopoe, mattock. Urania, the muse of Astronomy. Uranus, myth. father of Saturn. urbane, courteously, wittily. urbanitas, atis, F.^,city-life, fashion,
refinement, wit, elegance.

undecim, eleven. undecimus^ a, um,

urbanus,
eleventh.

a,

um, of the

city, in city

style, refined, witty,

impudent.

urbicus

vaccinium.
uter, tra,

197
trius, lohich (of two),

urbicus, a, um, of the city. Urbinas, atis, of Urblnam, a town

of Umbria.

um,

either one, whicliever.

urbs, bis, urceus, i,

F., city, toion (esp.

Rome).

uter-cumque, whichever (of two). uterinus, a, um, of the same mother.

uter-libet, which you
will.

uredo,

urgeo

M., jntcher, loaterjwt. inis, F., a bVujht, burning. (-gueo), ursi, 2, pre^-.s', 2^ush,
ur(/e,

crowl,
iirinor,

oppress.
ae, f., caterpillar.

uter-que, each, both. uterus, i, m., womh, helly. uter-vis, ivhich you loill.
iiti (iitor), use.

urica (eruca),
i, to

dive.

uti=ut,
Utica,

that.

f urinus, a,

um,

winily.

iitibilis, e, serviceahle.
ae, f.,

urna,

ae, f.,

imter-jar, iwn (for vot-

a town of N. Africa.

ing),

measure of 3 gallons.
con-

utilis, e,

iiro, ussi, ust-, 3, to burn, blast,

a law

useful, profitahle, fit; (as term), in equity.

F., use, service, profit.

suine, chdfe, corrode.

utilitas, atis,

ursinus, a, ur3U3, i, M.
urtica,
iiru3,
i.

um, of a
;

bear.

-a, se, F.,

a bear.

se, ., nettle.

utiliter, advantageo usly. utinam, ivould tliat! utique, surely, in any case.

M., wild ox.

i,

utor,iisus,

3',

to use,

eniploy, enjoy.
that.

urvum,

N., plough-tail.
F., use.

iisio, onis,

utpote, as, namely, seeing utputa, as for instance.

utralibet, on either side.
iitrarius, a,

iisitate, as usual.

iisitatus, a,
iisitor,
i, to

um,

Customary.

um,

water-carrier.

uspiam,
usque,

use habitually. usquam, anyivhere, in any

utrasque,

botit times.

thlng, in

any

direction.

all the way, as far as, until, wL'hout stopping, incessantly.

usqtiequaque, everywhere. ustor, oris, M., a corpse-hurner.

ustulo, ustus, [uro,] burnt.
I,

utricularius, i, M., bag-piper. utrimque, on both sides. utrimquesecus, on either hand. utro, in which direction. utrolibet, to either side.

utroque,

in both directions.

to

scorch, crisp.

utrubi, where ? (of two places). utrubique (-dem), on both sides.

usuarius
iisura,

(-rarius), a,
3, to
f.,

nm, for

use.

utrum,

lohether ( 71).

lisu-capio,
se,

aapiire by use. use, enjoyment, inF.,

utut, however.
iiva, se, F., cluster of grapes. uvens, tis; -idus, a, um, moist,

terest-nioney.

usurpatio, 6nis,

maldng

use.

iisurpo, I, employ, make use of get, acquire wrongfully, usurp, call. U3US, [utor,] having used. iisus, us, M., use, service, custom,iniisiifructus,
tercourse, practice, need, occasion. iis, m., use and enjoy-

damp, juicy, well-walered. uvesco,"3, to get moist.

uvifer, era,

um,

cluster-hearing.
s;

uxor, oris, F., wife. uxorius, a, um, a wife

one's
ivife.

Jond oj

ment of another's property.

that, ut, that, as, ivhen, how, granting tvould that, in order that, that not (with words of fearing).

V=quinque,
vacans,

/lye.

tis, at leisure, idle.

F.,

utcumque,

however, whenever.

vacatio, onis,

freedom,
cow.

leisure,

iitens, [iitor,] possessing.

iitensilis, e, Jit for use. uter, tris, m., bag, skin.

dispensation, exemption-money.

vacca

(-ula), e, F.,
i,

vaccinium,

n., hleaherry.

198
vacciuus,
a,

vaccinus

Vaticanus.
valvae, arum, f., folding-door. valvolae, arum, f., pods.

um,

ofkine.

vacerra, ae, f., log, slock. vacerrosus, a, um, crackhrained.

vacillatio, onis, f., ivavering. vacillo, I, 1o st(ig(jer, ivaver.

vane, idly. vanesco, 3,

to

vanish, disappear.

vacive, al leisurc; vacivus, a, um, empfy. vaco, I, to he void, at leisure. vacue-facio, 3, to make empty. vacuitas, atis, f., exemption. vacuo, I, 1o make empty.

vanidicus, a, um, false speaking. vaniloquentia, ee, f., idle talk. vauiloquus, a, \Jim,fcdse, hoastful.
vanitas, atis,
f.,

emptiness, vanity.

vannus, i, f. winnowin(j-shovel. vanus, a, um, empfy, void, vain,

false
:

vacuus,

a,

um,
i,

n., iwfliirigness.

empty,free, clear,
n., haii, security.

vacant, open, tinmarried.

vadimonium,

vapidus, a, um, spoiled, vapid. vapor, oris, m., steam, exhalatioHj

warmtJi.

vado, 3, to go, walk, stride. vador, i, hin/l hy hail. vadosus, a, um, shoal, shallow.

vaporo, I, vappa, ae,

vapularis,

to
f.,
e,

steam, glow. spoiled tvine.

vadum,
vae, alas

i,

n.,

shoal, ford, stream.

vapulo,
vara,
varia,

I,

to

offlogging. geiflogged.

vaeneo=veneo, he sold. um, sly, crafty. vaframentum, i, n., trick. vagabundus, a, um, vagrant.
vafer, fra,

ae, f., tresfle,

forked pole.

ae, f.,

panther.
veins.

vage, here and there, vaguely. vagina, ae, f., sheath, husk. vagio, 4, l(> cry, s(piall. vagitus, us, M., crying. vagor, I, ivander, roctm. vagus, a, um, 7'onming, inconstant. valde, very, very much.
vale, valete, fareivell. valens, tis, vigorous, well, stroncj. valenter, stoully. valentia, ce, f., vigor. valeo, ui, it-, 2, to he ivell, vigorons, poiverful; to he tvorth or signify. valesco, 3^ to gel sfrong. valetudinarius, a, um, sickly.

varico, i, to straddle, stride. varicosus, a, um, ivifh swoUen varicus, a, um, straddling.
varie, in divers colors.

variego, i, to variegate. varietas, atis, f., diversity, change. vario, i, diversify, emhroider, cdter. varius, a, um, chamjing, various. varix, icis, c, a sivollen vein. varus, a, um, hcnt, how-legged. varus, i, m., hlofch, pimple. vas, vadis, m., haii, security. vas, vasis, pl., -a, orum, n., vessel,
dish, tool
;
i,

pl.,
ti.,
i,

haggage.

vasarium,

vascularius,

furniiure-outflt. m., white-smith.

vasculum,

valetudo,

inis,

f.,

state

of

healtli

(well or ill), soundness, health. valgiter, awry.

a small vessel. vastatio, onis, f., laying-ivaste. vastator, oris, m., ravager, dei,

n.,

stroyer.

valgus, a, um, howdegged. valide, stoudy, certamly. validus, a, um, strong, powerful,
sound, well. vallaris, e, ofthe rampart.

vaste, rudely, ividely. vastitas, atis, f., a waste, desert,

desolation , vastn ess.

vastities, ei; -tiido, inis, f., rtnn. vasto, i, mcd^-e empty, lay ivaste,
destroy, forscdce.

valles (-is), is, f., vcdley. vallo \,forfify, entrench. vallum, i, n., rampart (earth-wall set with palisades), entrenchment.
vallus,
i,

vastus,
lafe,

a, um, empty, waste, desorude, vast.

is,

vates,

um, c,

prophet, poet.

Vaticanus, a

hill in

M., sfake, pcdisade.

Rome, west

of the Tiber.

vaticinatio
vaticinatio, onis, F., propliecy. vaticinor, i, to prophesj/, sui(j,rcmt. vatius, a, um, knock-kneed.
[-ve, or.

Venetus
vellatiira,

199

ae, F., conveyance. vellico, I, to pinch, tivitch. vello, vulsi, vuls-, 3, pull, pluck. vellus, eris, n., jieece ; pelt, wool.

[ve-, of negative effect.

vecordia, 6, v.,folly, madness. vecors, dis, [cor,] senseless, mad. vectarius. a, um, for draught.
vectigal, alis, n., tax, revenue. vectigalis, e, of taxes, trihutary. vectis, is, M., har, lever.

velo, I, to veil, cover, wrap. velocitas, atis, f., swiftness. velociter, swiftly.

velox, ocis,

swifl,fleet.

velum,

i,

N., scdl, curtcdn, veil.

veliimen,
as
it

inis, ^.,fleece.

velut, veluti,yi<.v^ as, asfor instance,

ivere,

vecto, I, carry, convey. vector, oris, M., carrier, passenger. vectorius, a, um, /or carrying. vectiira, ae, f., freiyld or passage. vectus, [veho,] hor^ie. vegeo, 2, excite, rouse. vegeto, I, to rouse, invigorate. vegetus, a, um, vigorous, active. vegrandis, e, diminutive.

just as
i,

if.

vena,

se, ., vein.

venabulum,

n., hunting-spear.

Venafranvis (-fer), a, um, of Venafrum, a Samnite town.

vinalicius, a, um, for scde. venalis, e, for scde, vencd. venaticus, a, um,/or huniing. venatio, onis, F., \he chase, game.

vehemens,
oroiis,

tis,

eager, violent, vig-

powerfid.
ae, F.,

vehementer, vehementia,

eagerly, vigorously. strength, vehe-

venator, oris, M., hunter. venatrix, icis, F., huntress. venatus, iis, M. -tura, ee, f., hunt;

mence,fervor.

ing, the chase. vendibilis, e, scdahle, agreeahle.

vehens, tis, riding. vehes, is, f., cart-load. vehiculum, i, n., cart, vehicle. veho, xi, ct-, 3, carry, hear, convey. Veiens, tis -tanus, a, um, of Veii,
;

vendico=vindico, clai?n. venditarius, a, um, fjr sale.

venditatio, onis, F., display. venditio, onis, F., seUing, sale. vendito, i, offer for sale, prcuse. venditor, oris, M., seUer.

a city of Etruria near

Rome.

vel, or, either, or indeed, even. velabrum, i, N., cucning ; a street

in

vendo,

didi, dit-,
i,

3,

to sell,

cry up

(as if for sale), hetray for

money.
magic.

Rome
pl.,

for s-mall shops, &c.

veneficium,
veneficus,
cal
;

i>i.,poisoning,

velamen,
tain
;

inis, N., cover,

i,

garment.
curfil-

a,

um,

p)oisonous, macji;

velamentum,

N., cover, veil,

M., sorcerer

F., sorceress.

rods wound with lets, borne by supphants. velarium, i, N., aivning.

velati,

venenatus, a, um, envenomed. veneno, i, to poison, dije. venenum,- i, N., poison, venom,
veneo, ivi
mac/iccd, charm, jwtion, dye. or (ii), it-, A, ^o ^^ ^old
e,

orum,
ae,
;

M., reserve-troops.

veles, Velia,

itis, m., skirmisher.

F.,

top of the Palatine

Hill a coast-town of Lucania. velifer, era, um, scdl-hearing. velificor, i, to make scdl. Veliternus, a, uni, of VelilrcE, a

on sale. venerabilis,

tcorthy ofveneratwn.

venerabundus, a, um, reverential. venerandus, a, um, venerahle.

veneratio, onis,
F.,

reverence.

Volscian town.
ve-ites, [veles,] Ught troops. veiitatio, onis, F., .^kirmishing. velitor, I, I0 slirmish, irrangle. velivolus, a, um, ivinged with sails.

Venereus,
veneror,

a,

um, of Venus, or love

M., a lucky throw ; F., a shell. i,'revere, supplicate.

Venetus,

a, um, of Venetia, the country near Venice.

200
venia,

venia

versura.
verenter, reverently. vereor, i, to fear, he afraid, revere.
Vergiliae,

ae, f., favor, permission, forhearance, pai^don. venialis, e, gracious, jmrdonaUe. venio, veni, vent-, 4, to come. venor, i, (0 hiint, pursue. venosus, a, nm,J'ull ofveins.

arum,

f., the

Pleiades.

vergo, si, 3, hend, turn, lie towards. veridicus, a, um, iruth-speaking.

verisimilis, e, likely, trutli-like. veritas, atis, f., truth, reality. veritus, [vereor,] afraid.

venter,

tris,

ium,

m.,

belly,

pro-

tuherance.

ventilo, i, toss in tlie air,fan, winnow, disturh, disquiet. ventio, onis, f., comirig. ventito, i, keep coming.

veriverbium, i, n., veracity. vermiculatus, a, um, ivorm-tracked

(a style

of pattern).
i,

vermiculor,
worm-eaten.

to

be

wormy or

um, loindy, speedy. ventriosus, a, um, big-hellied.

ventosus,
a,

ventus

(-ulus),

i,

m., ivind,hreeze,

venucula,

ae, F.,

a raisin-grape.
sale.
;

vermiculus, i, m., grub. vermina, um, n., gripes. vermino, i to have ivorms, or crawl,

venum, ui, venum-do,

Venus,
love,

o, M., sale.
i, set to

ing pains.

eris, tlie

goddess of Love

vermis, is, m., [verto,] worm. verna, ee, c, a home-born slave,

native.

charm.

venustas, atis, f., charm, grace. venuste, charmingly. venustus, a, um, graceful, lovely. vepres, is, m., hrier, bramhle.

vernaculus,

a,

um,

native, inmate.

vernalis, e, [verj ofspring. vernilis, e, slavisli,fawning,jesting.

vepretum,

i,

n.,

hramble-hush.

ver, veris, n., ^pring.

veraciter, truthfully. veratrix, icis, f., sorceress.

verno, i, to bloom, Jiourish. vernula, ae, c, a young slave. vernus, a, um, of spring; n., springtime ; verno, in the spring. vero, in truth, but, indeed.
verres, is, M., a hoar-pig. verrinus, a, um, of hog or pork. verro, ri, sum, 3, scrape, sweep, drive, drag away, conceal. verruca, ae, F., a steep height, ivart.
turn out well. versabilis, e, changeful. versatilis, e, revolving, movcdile. versicolor, oris, jxirti-colored, vato turn,
ricdjle.

veratrum,

i,

n., hellehore.

verax, acis,

trulhful.
i,

verbascum,

N., mullein.
F.,

verbenae, arum,

sacred boughs

(of olive, myrtle, laurel, &c.). verber, eris, n., lash, scourge, thong.

verberatio, onis,

f.,

flogging.

verrucosus, verrunco, i,

a,

um,

ivarly, hilly.

verbereus, a, um, of stripes. verbero, i, to scourge, heat, lash. verbero, onis, m., scamp, rascal. verbose, ivordily. verbSsus, a, um, wordy. verbum, i, n., tvord pl. kmguage,
discourse, jiJirase,

versiculus,
versifico, i, versipellis,

i,

M.,

litlle

verse.
skin,

to ivrite in verse.
e,

saying,

talk;

that

changes

verbi causa,ybr example. verculum, i, n., [ver,] darling.

vere, Indy, rightly.

dissemhling^ crcfty. verso, I, turn, ivhirl, hend, disturb,

revolve, iransact.

verecunde, modestly. verecundia, ae, f., modesty, shjness. verecundor, i, he shy, or ashamed. verecundus, a, um, modest, bashful. veredus, i, m., post-horse. verendus, a, um, venerable, awful.

versor, i, dwell, abide, occupy one^s self engage in. versoria, ae, f., turning, return.

versum,
verstira,

toivards.
ae, F., turn,

turning-j)lace,

horrowing

to

pay.

versus
versus, [verto,] turned.

vibro.
vestigium,
vioment ; vestigo, I,
i,

201
n.,

footstep,

track,

versus (vorsus), towards.

versus, us, M., furrow, line, verse. versutus, a, um, shrewd, crafty. vertagus, i, N., cjreyhound. vertebra, se, F., joint. vertex, icis, M., luhirl, eddy, vortex;
^top, crown, pealc.

ex
to

vestigio, instantly.
i,

trace hack.
N., clothing.

vestimentum,

vestio, 4, to clothe, cover, surround. vestiplica, se, f., laundress. vestitus, a, um, clad. vestis, is, F., clothing, garment, carpet, tapestry, covering.

verticosus,

a,

um,

zvhirling,

eddy-

in(j,full ofiohirls. vertigo, inis, f., ivhirling, (jiddiness.

verto (vorto),

ti,

sum,

3,

to

turn,

vestispica, ee, F., clothes-maid. vestitus, lis, m., rcdment, attire. vestras, atis, c, 0/ your people.

chanje, suhverl, translate.

Vertumnus, i, god of Seasons. veru, us, um, ubus, n., a spit.

veruina,
ae, F., javelin.

veteranus, a, um, [vetus,] veteran. veterasco, avi, 3, to grow old. veterator, oris, m,, one grown old,
or cu)ini)ig. veteratorius, a, um, crafty. veterinus, a, um, of heasts of hurden, or d)'aught-cattle.

verum, verum,
verus,

i,

n., the truth.

truly, yes, but, yet.

verumtamen,
a,

hut yet.

uni, true, real.

i,

verutum,
verutus,

n., dart, javelin.

um, armed with darts. vervactum, i, N., a fallow field.

a,

veternosus, a, um/lroivsy, lethargic. veternus, i, m., old age, drowsiTiess. vetitum, i, n., [veto,] prohihition,
a fo)-hi/.lden thbig. veto, ui, it-, I, forhid, hinder. vetulus, a, um, little old. vetus, eris, old; pl. the ancients. vetustas, atis, f., antiquity, old age. vetuste, z/i the old way. vetustus, a, um, aged, ancient, out

vervago, 3; to hreak up land. vervex, ecis, m., a tvether, muttonhead.

vesania,

ae, F.,

madness.

vesanus,
vescor, vescus,

a,

3,

mad,fierce, savage. tofeed, eat, enjoy.

um,

a,

um,
se,

little,

thin,

fne-

(p-ained, wretched.

vesica

(-ula),

f.,

the

hladder,

vexatio, onis, vexator, oris,

ofdate, a))tiguated. f., shaking, distress.

N., trouhler.

purse, ^v. (of bladder-skin),

vespa, ae, f., wasp. vesper, eri (eris), m., evening. vespera, ae, F., evening. vesperasco, 3, get iowards evening.
vespertilio, onis, m., a
hat.

vexillarius, i, m., standard-hearer. vexillatio, onis, f., hattalio)i, squadro)i, under one flag. vexillum, i, n., standard,

ensign, the ,

red flag of the goieixd.

vexo,

vespertinus, vesperugo, inis,

a,

um, of evening.^
f.,

the

evening-

star,

hat.

Vesta,

ae,

d.

of Saturn, goddess

distress. I, shake, hai-ass, vex, via, de, F., ivay, road, street, journey, passage, ma^mer, fashion. vialis, e^ -rius, a, um, ofthe road. viaticus, a, um, of a jour)iey; n,,

of the Household. Vestalis, e, of Vesta; pl. F., VesVesta). tal Virgins (priestessesof

vester, tra, vestiarius,

tcardrohe.

um, your. a, um, of

i,

travelVmg-supplies,prize-money. viator, oris, M., ivayfarer, traveller, sunwioner. viatorius, a, um, of the journey.

clothes

n.,

vibex,
vibia,

icis, f., scar, stripe, iveal.

se, F.,

cross-plank.
vi-

vestibulum,

N., fore-court, en-

trance, vestihide. vesticeps, cipis, hearded, corrupt.

vibratus, iis, M.,flickering. vibro, I, hrandish, shake, fing,

hrate, quiver, sparkle.

202
viburnum,
shrub).
i,

viburnum
n.,

vinculum.
vieo,
et-, 2, to tioist, plait,
3, to

wayfaring-tree (a

weave.

vicanus,
vicarius,

a,

a,

um, of a village, villager. um, suhstituted ; m., a

viesco, vietus,

shrink, ivither.
shrivelled, shrunk.

a,

um,

vigeni=viceni, twenty

each.

substitute, deputy.

vicatim, /)-o??i street to street. vicenarius, a, um, oftiventy.

viceni, se, a, tiventy (each). vicennalis, e, of twenty years.

vigeo, 2, to thrive, fourish. vigesco, vigui, 3, grow fiourishing.

vigesimus,

a,

um,

.^entieth.

vigil, ilis, awake, ivatchful, alert. , vigilans, tis, tcatchfid, anxious.

.

vicesimus, a, um, one-twentietli F., tax of five per cent.

vicia, ae, f., vetch. vicies, tiventy times. vicinalis, e; -arius, a,
horing,

vigilantia,
vigilia,
ae,

ee, F., ivatchfulness, vigi-

lance, ivakefulness.
F.,

ivakefulness,

'".h.

um,

neigh-

guard, night-watch {\ of the ijvigilo, I, ivatch, guard, he tva.^.

viginti, tiventy.
^,

of tlie
;

village,

vicinia, se

-tas, tatis, f., neigJihor-

liood, likeness, vicinity.

vicinus,
like
;

a,

um,

near, neiglihoring,

M., neigJihor.
;

vicis (gen.), em, e es, ibus, change, turn, lot, recompense ; acc, instead of, for ; in vicem, hy turns. vicissatim, again, in return. vicissim, on the olher hand; in turn.
vicissitiido, inis -tas, change, alternation.
;

viginti viri, Board of twenty^ assigning lands). vigor, oris, m., energy, force, c ;r. vilesco, vilui, to groiu ivorOde.' vilipendo, 3, [pendo,] hold c ^ap. vilis, e, cheap, ivorlldess, ahundant.
^^
.

vilitas, atis, f., cheajmess, haseness. viliter, cheojdy.

vilito,
I, to cheapen, degrade. villa (-ula), ae, f., country-seat, villa. villaticus, a, uni, ofa villa. villico (-or), i, manage an estate. villicus, a, um, of a villa; m., f.,

atis,

f.,

victima, ee, f., victim (for sacrifice). victimarius, i, m., assistant at sacrifice, or dealer in victims.
victito, I, [vivo,] suhsist. victor, oris, m., conqueror. victoria, ee, f., victory. victrix, icis, F., she that conqucrs. victualis, e, of provisions. victus, [vinco,] conquered. victus, iis, M., [vivo,] food, living,

steivard, overseer.

villosus,

a,

um,

hairy, shaggy.

villum,
villus,

i,

N.,

[vinum,] sup of wine.

shaggy hair.
;

i,

M.,

vimen,

inis, n., sleiuler twig, osier.

viminalis, e

-eus,

a,
?

um, of osiers.

vin (visne),
vinacea,
vinalis,

ivill

you

se, f.,
i,

grape-laisk.
ivine

way of

life.

vinaceum,
e,

n., grape-stone.
;

vicus, i. N., .s/)-ee/(of houses), village. videlicet, manifestly, plainly, of course, namely. viden (videsne), do you see? video, vidi, vis-, 2, see, ohserve, understand,provide ; p., seem, appear, seem good. vidua, ae, f., widoiv. viduitas, atis, F., dearth, lack. vidulus, i, N., knapsack.

of

n. ph, wineM., wine-

festival (in April

and August.)

vinarius,
dealer;

a,

um, of ivine ;

pl., N., tvine-pots.

vinca, ee, F., periwinkle. vinceus, a, um, for hinding. vincibilis, e, of conquest. vincio, vinxi, vinct-, 4, hind, wind,
fetter, confine, fortify.

vinco, vici, vict-,

3,

conquer, suh-

viduo, I, hereave, deprive. viduus, a, um, hereft, ividoived.

due, surpass, prevail.

Vienna,

Vienne, in southeastern Gaul, on the Rhone.

ae, f.,

vinctSra, ae, F., handage. vinctus, [vincio,] hound.

vinculum,

i,

n., ho7id, chain, cord.

vindemia
vindemia,
harve^t
:

visus.
a,
i,

203
um, of
twigs, striped.

ae,

F.,

vintage,

grape-

virgatus,

grapes, loine.

virgetum,

n., osier-thicket.

vindemiator, oris, M., vintager. vindemio, i, gather grapes. vindex, icis, c, defender, dehverer,
protector, avenger.

vindicatio, 'iiis, F., claiin, defence, vengeance. vindicise, arum, F., claim at law.

vindico,
liver,

i,

to

lay claim, save, dethe liherating-rod

avenge.

V'

'icta, 86, F.,

'.nce,
.,

se,

vengeance. F., vineyard, pent-home

besiegers). tum, i, N., vineyard. :.is, a, um, helonging

/

virgeus, a, um, of rods or tioigs. virgidemia, ae, F., harvest of rods. virginalis, e; -eus, a, um, of a girl or maiden. virginitas, atis, F., maidenhood. Virginia, a Roman maiden, slain by her father, to save her from the decemvir, Ap. Claudius. virginitas, atis, F., maidenhood. virgo, inis, F., maiden, virgin, ijoung icoman, Vestal; dea, Diana. virgosus, a, um, full of tioigs. virgula, se, F., a small rod.

virgultum,
to

i,

N., thicket, shruhhery.

F., hraceletSo

wine.

viriae,

arum,

viiia^ulus, a,

um,

delightfid.^

viridarium,
viridicatus,

i,

N.,

vin^^lentia,

se, F., intoxication.

a,

um,

pleasure-garden. green.

vinuientus, a, um, drunk loith loine. vinosus, a, xim,full or fond ofioine.

vinum,

i,

N., loine, grapes.

viridis, e, green, verdant, youthfid. viriditas, ktis, F., verdure, vigor. virido, i, to make or groiv green.
virilis, e,

vio, I, go, travel. viola, 86, F., violet, gilliflower. violabilis, e, suhject to harm.

manly, helonging

to

a man.

virilitas, atis, F.,

manhood.

viriliter, manfully.
ee, f., a little hracelet. viriosus, a, um, rohust, rude. viritim, man hy man. virosus, a, um, [vir,] /o7?c? ofmen. virosus, a, um, [virus,] rank, slimy. virtus, iitis, f., manhood, courage, valor, virtue, power. virulentus, a, um, jwisonous.

violaceus,

a,

violarius, a, hed of violets. violatio, onis, F., injury. violator, oris, M., injurer, profaner, murderer. violatus, [violo,] harmed. violens, tis, [via,]violent, impetuous. violentia, ee, f., violence,fierceness. violentus, a, um, vehement, violent,
holsterous.

um, of violet-color. um, ofviolet dye; N.,

viriola,

virus,
vis,

i,

N., slime, poison, stench.

violo, I, to harm, profane, violate. vipera, 86, f., viper, adder.

vim, vi, F., force, violence, ahundance ; pl., vires, strength. viscatus, a, um, [viscum,] limed.
viscera, um, ^.,fiesh, howels.^ visceratio, onis, F., distrihuting or devouring of meat. viscidus (-osus), a, um, clammy,
sticky.

vipereus

(-inus), a,

um, ofa

viper

or snake. vipio, onis, M., a small crane. hushand. vir, viri, N., man, male, virkgo, inis, f., [virgo,] a heroine. vireo, 2, to he green or vigorous. vireo, onis, N., green-fnch (?)
vires, ium,
F., [vis,] strength,forces.

viscum,

i,

N., mistletoe, hirdlime.

viscus, eris, n., [vescor,] an interior organ ; pl., fiesh, entrails.

visibilis, e, visihle.

viresco, viresco,

3,

groio verdant. strong. 3, to groio

i,

viretum,

N.,

turf greensward.

virga, se, F., twig, rod, loand. virgator, oris, m., afiogger.

visio, onis, f., sight, vision, idea. visito, I, to see or visit often. viso, si, sum, 3, vieio, look at, visit. visus, [video,] seen; N., a vision. visus, us, M., act or ohject ofsight.

204
vita,
ae, F., life, suhsistence,

vita

volutus.
vixet (vixisset), had Uved.

wmj of

Ufe,

shade or
e,

spirit.

vocabulum,
avoiding.

i,

N.,

name, noun.
f.,

vitabundus, dodging,
vitalis,

vocalis,

e, loud,

voccd;

vowel.

'

of

life, vital.

vitatio, onis, f., shunning. vitellus, i, M., little calf yolk.

vocatio, onis, vocator, oris,

F.,

summons.

m., inviter.

vocatus,

us, M., call, invocation.

viteus, a, um, of the vine. vitiarium, i, N., nursery ofvines.

vitiator, oris, M., corruj)ter. viticula, ce, F., Uttle-vine, tejulril. vitifer, era, um, vine-hearing vitigenus (-eus), a, um, vine-horne. vitilis, e, [vieo,] platted, hraided, icoven; N. pl., 'wicker-ivork. vitio, I, to corrupt, hurt, spoil. vitiosus, a, nm, faulty, vlcious. vitis, is, F., vine, esp. grape-vine. vitisator, oris, m,, vine-planter.

vociferatio, onis, F., outcry. vociferor, i, to cry aloud, shout. vocifico, I, to proclaim. vocito, I, caU often or loudbj.

voco, I, vocula,

call,

summon,

invoke, invite.

ae, F.,

asoft or feeble voicei

j

vola, se, F., paUn, sole. volaticus, a, um, winged, fieeting.

volatilis, e, loinged, swift. volatus, iis, M. -tiira, ae, F.,fUgJu,
;

Volcanus=Vulcanus, Vulcan. volema (pira), N. p\., pound pear.

volens,
tis,

vitium,

i, ^.,fault, vice. vito, I, shun, avoid, escape. vitrarius, i, M., glass-hlower. vitreus, a, um, of glass, glassy N. pl., glass-imre. vitricus, i, m,, step-fatlier.

[volo,] wilUng, ready

favoraUy incUned.

volg6=vulgo, commonly. volgus=vulgus, common

volito, i,fly,flit,hasten.

people.

volnus=vulnus, wound.
volo, velle, volui
iciU,

vitrum,
vitta,

i,

n,, glass,

woad.

37,

i,),

imsk

ae, f.,

hand,fllet.

maintain.
I,

vitula, ae, vitulinus,

(or N,

f., heifer-ccdf.

volo,
calf;
f,

tofy, hasten.
m., voUmteers.

a,

um, of a

volones, um,

pl.), vecd.

vitulor, I, [vinco,] keep holiday. vitulus, i, M., ccdffoal. vituperabilis, e, hlcwiahle. vituperatio, onis, F,, hlame.

volpes=vulpes, fox. Volsci, orum, a people of Latium.

volsella,
se, f,,

[vello,] tiveezers

volsus, [vello,] pUicked.

voltus=vultus, face.
voliibilis, e, spinning, fowing. voliibilitas, atis, f,, ichirUng,flow.

vitupero, vivacitas,
vivarius,
N.,

i, to

hlame, censure. atis, f, (vivax), vital

force, lerigth oflife.

a,

um, of living creatures

long-lived, vigorous.

park, fish-pond.
ee, f.,

volucer, cris, cxe,Jlying, winged, fleet ; F,, a hird, winged creature. voliimen, inis, N., a roll, volume.
eddy.

vivax, acis,
viverra,

aferret.

voluntarius, a,um, voluntary ;

volunteer.

m..

vivesco
vividus,

(-isco), 3, get Ufe

a,

um,

or vigor. Uving, animated,

voluntas,

atis, f.,

ivill, icish,

choice.

vivid, vigorous.

good-icill,

meaning.

vivifico, I, to restore to Ufe. vivificus, a, um, (piickening.

viviradix, icis, f., a quickset. vivo, vixi, vict-, 3, to Uve, suhsiht,

endure, support Ufe, dwell. a, um, aUve, Uving. vix, scarcely, liardly. vixdum, scarce yet.

volupe, agreeahly. voluptarius, a, um, vohiptuous. voluptas, atis, F., pleasure, deUght voluptuosus, a, um,fuU ofdeUght

vivus,

volutabrum, i, n., wallowing-place voliitatio, onis, f,, ivcdlowing. voliito, I, to turn, twist, roll, ponder. voliitus, [volvo,] turned.

volva
volva
volvo,

zythum.
vulsus, [vello,] plucked. vulticulus, i, M., mien, look.

205

(-ula), se, F., icrapper, toomh.

vi, ut-, 3, to roll, iurn, revolce,

ponder.

vultuosus,
eris, m., ploughslmre.
ae, f., hoil,

a,

VLm,fuU ofairs.

vomer

(is),

vomica,

vomitorius,

a,

um,
M.
;

iumor, plague. emeiic ; n. pl.,

-tio,

theaire-enfrance.

vomitus,
vomiiing.

us,

onis,

f.,

vomo,

vopiscus,

ui, it-, 3, vomit, dischargc. i, N., the living twin.

f.,

vultur, uris, m.. vulture. vulturinus, a, um, ofthe vuUure. vulturius, i, m,, vuUure, extortioner, had ihrow (of dice). Vulturnus, i, m., a river of Campania, vultus, lis, M.,face, countenance, vulva=volva, wrapper, icomh.

voracitas, atis,

greediness.

voraginosus, a, um,fuU of pits. vorago, inis, f., gulf chasm. vorax, acis, devouring, greedy. voro, I, io devour, engulf consume.

vorso=verso, turn. vorsus=versus, toicards. vortex=vertex, lohirlpool. vos (tu), you.

voster=vester, your.
votivus,
voiive,
a, um, pledged hy vow, longed for. i, N., rt vow, solemn pledge,

Xanthus, f xenium,

a river near Troy. a guest-gift. Xenophon, ontis, Athenian general and historian, B.c, 445-356. Xerxes, is, king of Persia, who invaded Greece, B.C. 480, f xystus, i, M., a covered porch.
i,
i,

n.,

n.,

votum,

votive ojfering, desire.

Z.

voveo, vovi. v6t-,

secraie, devoie.

3,

to

vow, con-

Zacynthus,
voice,

vox, vocis,

F.,

sound,

call,

Zama,

ee, F.,

tcord, speech, proverh.

Vulcanus,
vulgaris,
e,

i,

the god of Fire.

f
f

where by Scipio,
zamia,

f., the island Zante. a town of N. Africa, Hannibal was defeated

i,

B.c. 202,

common, ordinary.

se, F,, hurt, loss.

vulgatus, [vulgo,] comm.onlyknown. vulgo, commonly, puhlicly. vulgo, I, to puUish, divulge, mingle. vulgus, i, N, (or m.), common peo;

f zea, se, F., speU (a

kind of wheat).
jealous.

zelotypus,
i,

a,

um,

Zephyrus,
Zephjjr.

m., the

west wind,

ple, multitude,

moh.

girdle, zone, hem, f zona, ae, f,, heU,

vulnero,

loound, hiirt. vulnificus, a, um, loounding. vulnus, eris, n., a loound, hurt.
i, to
;

7noney-heU.

zonarius,

a,

um,

ofthe heU; sector,

cutpurse.
f zopissa, ae, F,, caulking-piich. zotheca, ae, f,, cahinet, niche.

vulpes, is -cula, sb, f., fox. vulpinaris, e, crafty,foxy. vulpinus, a, um, 0/ a fox. vulsella=volsella, tweezers.

f
f

zygia,

ae, F.,
i,

hornheam.

zythum,

N.,

an Egyptian beer.

Cambridge

Press of John Wilson and Son.

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