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  • Electrophilic Addition

    Загружено:

    Jayaganesh Kalyanasundaram
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    The document describes the mechanism of electrophilic addition reactions. When halogens like HCl or Cl2 react, the first halogen adds to the less substituted end of the alkene to form a halonium ion intermediate. The major intermediate structure is the more stable carbocation. The nucleophile then attacks the more substituted end of the intermediate, following Markovnikov's rule and forming the Markovnikov product. When a second halogen is added, it attacks the bottom face of the intermediate anti to the first addition.

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    The document describes the mechanism of electrophilic addition reactions. When halogens like HCl or Cl2 react, the first halogen adds to the less substituted end of the alkene to form a halonium ion intermediate. The major intermediate structure is the more stable carbocation. The nucleophile then attacks the more substituted end of the intermediate, following Markovnikov's rule and forming the Markovnikov product. When a second halogen is added, it attacks the bottom face of the intermediate anti to the first addition.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    29 просмотров1 страница

    Electrophilic Addition

    Загружено:

    Jayaganesh Kalyanasundaram
    The document describes the mechanism of electrophilic addition reactions. When halogens like HCl or Cl2 react, the first halogen adds to the less substituted end of the alkene to form a halonium ion intermediate. The major intermediate structure is the more stable carbocation. The nucleophile then attacks the more substituted end of the intermediate, following Markovnikov's rule and forming the Markovnikov product. When a second halogen is added, it attacks the bottom face of the intermediate anti to the first addition.

    Авторское право:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Скачайте в формате PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
    из 1

    Electrophilic addition Start

    Reagents HCl HI HBr H2O/H+

    Reagents Cl2 Br2

    H adds first H ends up on less substituted end.

    1 Halogen atom added Reaction intermediate has 3 possible structures

    Less stable carbocation NOT FORMED

    More stable carbocation FORMED

    NEGLIGIBLE

    Halonium ion MAJOR

    MINOR

    Nucleophile attacks more substituted end Nucleophile ends up on more substituted end.

    Negligible contributor is ignored.

    Top face of intermediate is blocked by halogen atom.

    Markovnikov product

    2nd halogen atom added to bottom face (anti addition). Halogen attacks more stable carbocation end. Product

    Mechanism Inspector is provided by The Royal Society of Chemistry and supported by Shire
    Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Thomas Graham House (290), Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WF UK Charity No. 207890

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