Modeling of Newton's cradle to illustrate time history analysis with large displacements

Program: SAP2000 Version: 1 !1!0 "ate: 1#2 #201$ Author: o% Model &ersions: run2!1!1!1

Purpose

'llustrate capa(ility of SAP2000 to handle large displacements in time history analysis! Model contact (etween indi&idual pendulum mass )oint using gap lin% elements!

Model "escription

2.1.1.1

mm -typ!.

*rame element with +,anger+ section property -typ!.

0121103 4203 5206 Et! 1B

P20! N -typ! &ertical load for all end pendulum )oints. /0mm -typ! lenght. >omments: -1. Mass source: *rom loads P -2. +,anger+ section property: 1mm dia! circle? @ 2 210APa -$. Analysis type: nonlinear direct integration time history analysis with large displacements -B. Coads applied: all P loads using ramp time history function - . Analysis duration: 2! secs? sa&ing 10000 steps using 0!0002 time increment 'nclined gap lin% element with opening distance e8ual to 9-/ 2:/02.; 2 111!<2=1< $mm -=. Dse tight iteration con&ergence tolerance of 1e;/! -<. Sol&ed as 2" pro(lem in 15 plane!

Et! /

,ori7ontal gap lin% element with 7ero opening distance -typ!.

Fime function

Properties of the time history load case

Note small si7e of time step!

Fime time integration method and its parameters and tight iteration con&ergence tolerance!

Properties of gap lin% elements

"iscussion of Gesults

Fhe animated &ideo of deformed shape with a scale factor of 1 shows that the model is (eha&ing as eHpected!