Annotated Bibliography Primary: "A Chinese family with one child, in line with government policy.

" Family in Society: Essential Primary Sources. Ed. K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. World History in Context. Web. 4 Jan. 2014. Chinese families listen to the law in having only one child. "A family planning billboard in Chengdu in 1985. The signs reads, Family Planninga Basic National..." Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. Ed. Karen Christensen and David Levinson. Vol. 4. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2002. World History in Context. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. Billboards promoting new family planning reached everywhere in China. "A poster advertises Chinas one-child family policy, to encourage small families and stop..." Prejudice in the Modern World Reference Library. Vol. 4: Primary Sources. Detroit: UXL, 2007. World History in Context. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. China uses posters to help promote the one-child policy in order to stop the overflowing population. Background Notes: China." Background Notes. Sep. 2011: n.p. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 03 Jan. 2014. In this article, it gives statistics about the current population. Such as the populous is exceeding 1.3 million residents, and the growth rate of the population is .593% as of 2011. With the high population and high growth rate China is concerned about overpopulation, and has enacted a birth limitation policy. This policy limits one child per family. Any family who has

more than one child must pay fees. It is illegal to force anyone to undergo abortion if they are to have a second child, even though evidence of this has been found. "Chinese Billboard Promotes Birth Control." Gale World History in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2010. World History in Context. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. The One-Child Policy has been a success in decreasing the population, but at the cost of many lives. Instead of abortions, this billboard advertises the use of birth control. Clarke, Christopher M. "China: Population Problems, Policies, and Prospects." GEOGRAPHIC AND GLOBAL ISSUES. Spring 1993: 17-21. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 02 Jan. 2014. This article says that the birthrate has decreased over the last two years that this article was writeen. It showed that officials thought the birthrate would increase, which it did. They started to create family planning programs which included things like education, child care services, and population growth. Fackler, Martin. "In Rural China, Girls Unwanted." Las Vegas Review-Journal (Las Vegas, NV). Nov. 18 2001: 46A-47A. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 02 Jan. 2014. This article explains why boys are favored over boys. It explains that some families even kill their baby girl in order to try for a boy. Boys carry on the family name and care for their parents in old age, and those are a few reasons that most people in China prefer boys. Johnson, Tim. "In China, Desire for Boys Becoming National Crisis." KRT News Service. 22 Jun. 2004: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 02 Jan. 2014. This article shows that China has a major issue dealing with gender imbalance. The nation has an average of 141 boys being born compared to 100 girls. Many women have

ultrasounds to see the gender of their child, and many abort the girls. The use of ultrasounds to determine gender is now banned in China. Lin, Jennifer. "Empire of the Son." Wichita Eagle (Wichita, KS). Feb. 22 1998: 4A-5A. SIRS Issues Researcher.Web. 02 Jan. 2014. This article talks about a Chinese family that broke the one-child policy and currently has two girls. They are having a third and if It is a girl they will put it up for adoption, but if it is a boy they will put their second child up for adoption. Like many families, they want a boy and don't care too much for the girls. Marquand, Robert. "China Faces Future As Land of Boys." Christian Science Monitor. Sept. 3 2004: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 03 Jan. 2014. This article first mentions how the tabloids love how the famous Na Ying got pregnant. However she got an illegal ultrasound and found out the sex of their child was male. There is a ban on ultrasound tests because of the impending gender imbalance. Because of the preference for male sons, parents will get ultrasounds to find out the sex of their child and most of the time if it is a girl, they will abort it. Therefore, the imbalance of gender has led to many men that will not have a wife because of the great difference between the numbers. Olesen, Alexa. "China Sticking to One-Child Policy." Indianapolis Star (Indianapolis, IN). Jan. 23 2007: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 03 Jan. 2014. China exclaims that they will not alleviate the One-Child Policy because there are a lot more males born than females. Gender imbalance is a major issue in China. For every 100 girls being born, there are 118 boys. Chinese people always thought that men were superior to women. The One-Child Policy states that urban newlyweds are limited to one child and rural couples to

two. This action helps discipline the population growth and to maintain their natural resources. It has helped China in economic ways as well. Olesen, Alexa. "Report Says 13 Million Abortions a Year in China." Houston Chronicle (Houston, TX). 30 Jul. 2009: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 02 Jan. 2014. This article explains that China preforms more abortions than any other country. Abortion is so popular that some people in China consider it a form of birth control. Since China imposed a limit of one child for most couples, It has prevented millions of births. One-Child Policy in China." Family in Society: Essential Primary Sources. Ed. K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 310-315. World History in Context. Web. 31 Dec. 2013. Arthur E. Dewey, the assistant secretary for the Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, testifies a speech in front of Congress in 2004 on the subject of Chinas population. He describes the matter at hand, telling of his findings and the challenges that will ensue this topic. His testimony is on the behalf of the Bush Administration, opposing the widely action of abortions and sterilizations. Riley, Nancy E. "China's 'Missing Girls'." Honolulu Advertiser. Sept. 10 1995: B1+. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 02 Jan. 2014. Missing girls is the result of Chinas low status for women. Girls are not literally missing, but by looking at the gender imbalance statistics, one might think some girls have been missing. There is a higher ratio of males born than females. China has an ideal where they prefer male sons. This causes many abortions, abandonments, and murders among female children. Even though the government disagrees with the gender-sided abortions, no one has done anything to stop it.

Riley, Nancy E. "China's Population: New Trends and Challenges." Population Bulletin Vol. 59 No. 2. June 2004: 3-36. SIRS Issues Researcher.Web. 02 Jan. 2014. This article shows that China has the largest number of people in the world. China alone makes up nearly one-fifth of the world's population. China has a strong economy, and combined with the population, China will be talked about for a long while. The article mainly deals with changes in demographics that have occurred in the past few years. Shane, Mathew, and Fred Gale. "China: A Study of Dynamic Growth." China: A Study of Dynamic Growth. Oct. 2004: 1-20. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 02 Jan. 2014. This article mainly deals with China's economic strength and growth. Chinas strong and ever growing economy is definitely a driver in global economic exchange. A major part of China's success is investments. They also do foreign trade which makes them profit. Su, Xing, and Guojun Wang. "The life security system for Chinese families in compliance with the family planning policy." Journal of Risk Finance Summer 2012: 240+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 31 Dec. 2013. This report discusses the issues of the life security system for China and their one-child only policy. There are three total issues being recorded. These are: the basic security based on the level of social security, the additional security of the policy insurance and the supplementary security of the commercial insurance. Tefft, Sheila. "China's Elderly Face a Care Crisis." Christian Science Monitor. 29 Jun. 1994: 12. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 02 Jan. 2014. China has a major problem with their elderly. The families of the elderly used to take care of their ancestors, but now the government has to step in. Respecting elders used to be a

traditional value, but now the younger generations are not following this. Because of this, many facilities have arisen including private elderly homes. Thomas Malthus: Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)." World History: The Modern Era. ABCCLIO, 2013. Web. 31 Dec. 2013. Thomas Malthus wrote an essay that brushed on the topics of the populations of different countries in the worlds. He stated that China had a fast increasing population. Males that are born are to support their elderly relatives by law. Chinas supply of food was not enough to sustain the ever growing population. Malthus not only covers the population of China, but he also discusses the economic distress of the large population. Xinhua Insight: One-child changes key to balanced population." Xinhua News Agency17 Nov. 2013. World History in Context. Web. 31 Dec. 2013. China recently tweaked the policy so now if both parents are the only children, then they are allowed two children. Most would think that this change would spark an increase in the population, but demographers believe that it is unlikely for it to change. Some people do not want more than one child because it is costly. The Chinese people have changed their morals. They had thought that more children brought good fortune and would help the elderly, but now in modern times, the Chinese people are comfortable with only one child.

Secondary: China: A Study of Dynamic Growth. oct. 2004. Photograph. China: A Study of Dynamic Growth. By Shane, Mathew, and Fred Gale. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 05 Jan. 2014.

A chart of Chinas labor force growth rate compared to the U.S.s labor force growth rate. "Chinese Migrant Laborers Work On A Construction Site In Beijing." UPI Photo Collection. 2010. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. There is a surplus of workers in China which contributes to Chinas growing economy.

"Chinese Woman Works At American Tour Event In Beijing." UPI Photo Collection. 2010. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. A Chinese women working at a tour event. In China many women have jobs, but arent not as favorable as workers as men. "A Chinese Farmer Builds A Wooden Fence In Beijing." UPI Photo Collection. 2010. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. In farming societies, many families dont follow the one child rule and have many children to use for labor. Eberstadt, Nicholas. "China's Coming One-Child Crisis." Wall Street Journal. 27 Nov. 2013: A.15. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 02 Jan. 2014. Nicholas Eberstadt views Chinas One-Child Policy very negatively. He states that Chinas demographic future is in trouble and that the policy has bad effects. He states the consequences in the policy. With the gender imbalance, there are many single men and less working-age men. Apparently some leaders thinks Chinese women will start having 5 children if they took down the policy. Eberstadt states that the leaders have less knowledge on this subject than anyone else.

Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor., Anthony Esler, and Burton F. Beers. "Chapter 32-34." Prentice Hall World History: Connections to Today. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003. 814-815,865,867. Print. The rapid growth rate of China is associated with poverty. In the farming society, children are seen as objects used for labor. Chinese people have kids so they can do all the work and, when the parents are old, the children can take care of them. Many work forces prefer younger workers so they don't have to pay them as much and they work hard. "Government billboard promoting Chinas one-child policy, Shanghai, China. Fearing a baby boom as..." Encyclopedia of Modern China. Ed. David Pong. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2009. World History in Context. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. Chinas leaders published billboards to advertise the one-child policy, thinking this policy will benefit the whole country. Jiang, Vicky. "Of the 13 Million Abortions in China, Most Are Forced." The Epoch Times. Epoch Times, 31 Aug. 2009. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. Pie chart of the statistics of abortions in the countries: China, U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia. Map of China Surrounded by Dragon. winter 2001. Photograph. Thinking About China at War. By Jeffery Record. N.p.: Aerospace Power Journal, n.d. 69-80. SIRS Government Reporter. Web. 04 Jan. 2014. <http://0-sks.sirs.com.ilsweb.lvccld.org/cgi-bin/hst-graphic-single?id=SNV0092-02024&keyno=0000039592&artno=0000039592&auth_checked=Y> A map of china surrounded by a dragon. This picture was included primarily for the map of china, but this map had more characteristic.

Schure, Teri. "Asia-Pacific." China's Gender Imbalance. N.p., 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 04 Jan. 2014. This photo shows an example of how imbalanced the gender population is in China. Sleeboom-Faulkner, Margaret. "Eugenic birth and fetal education: the friction between lineage enhancement and premarital testing among rural households in mainland China." The China Journal 64 (2010): 121+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 31 Dec. 2013. Margaret Sleeboom-Faulkner, a writer for The China Journal, writes an article about the relationship between official eugenic discourses in China. She describes that the use of pressure and intimidation it mostly rejected and propaganda and public education are in favor of the Chinese government. She also describes the methods of public awareness and propaganda the Chinese government use to inform their citizens. Weissman, Robert, and others. "The Scourge of Child Labor." Multinational Monitor. Jan./Feb. 1997: 1026. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 03 Jan. 2014. This article looks at child labor in the world, and tells of people's opinions on it. It shows the reactions of countries reactions to it and displays interviews.