{VS* & II

A S $ AMj S t l lZ Es.

& 1
f]l yt l
]l*$P$ : 150
]l*]l> gql] (f]l O l)
g$, Al>j$ {]lQ E]l ]l l] *]l A>$ (MSs Dls)
ll ^l{l, l g$ El]l$, ll, { ^l *V > .
, ]l*]l MS ]l$ (f]l l$r Gs)
]l*]l > gqMS _]l {Z > gql] O l $]l A]lV>]l C$yl Er$.
HOl ~l > * {lMSV> Al $]l ^l$ ]ll$MS$ l Er$l _]l O l ]l]l
]l, A]l$MS$ _]l A>$ Es.
]l l] *]l A>Z {]lQOl $]l g$, Al>j$ $r]lMS$ _]l gq S^lyl
f$VS$l$. ll ^l{lZ ]l*hMS, BMS , >fMS$ A> l lZ *V> Mj S $tO A]lV>]lMS$
{]l C]lyl f$VS$l$. l g$ El]l*MS _]l {Z 19]l #l] $ijl] O l ]l,
g$l , l{l B>]l ]ls A>MS$ _]l {$ Es. *V > Z
ll *V>MS {]l C]lyl fW. ll *V > {Z ll ]l]l$,
f
]l]l$]l$ ^l]l { ]l S l oMS, ]l*hMS, BMS , *V >MS _]l {$
Es. ]l*]l MS ]l$ Z A$ l$MSl]l$, lMS ]l$>]l$ S^lyl
f$VS$l$.

& 2
VS & 1
]l*$P$ : 150
1. B{l{l ]l*hMS ^l{l
(i) B{l {l ]l*hMS, PMS ^l{l
1. >l]l$$ ]l ]l & ]l*hMS * & C>MS$$ & PMS M>MS $
A_]l ]l$. ol l] $l, gO ]l]l$l: lW l*$ ^$MS$$ & ]l*hMS, PMS ]l$ & l$VS$
M>.
2. {MS.. lls MS, MS ]l$l M>Z B{l lZ ]l*hMS, PMS ]l$l O l $]l
l$$.
3. {s ]l H>r$ & 1857 $VS$r$ & B{l , O l>lO {]l, ]l*hMS, PMS,
gVS, B & B{l / ll, $/ BlV El]l*$: 1885 & 1947 ]l$l B{l Z g*l]l$ &
]l$l$ {l & MS]l$$ & f$ ]lMSO l$ El]l*$.

4) A g ]l & lV>Z ]l*hMS, PMS ^O l l]l & B &

l* El]l$ & g >f ]l
$ & B{l ]l$ & B{l l l$ & O {l > M>{VS , ]ll]l*l El]l$.
5) ]l$S/MS]l$t El]l$ : lV> {f l >s$ Cl
l$ ]l $l & gM>$$ &
g ]lMS >s$, g ]l Al. l $lZ O l>l > ]l & B{l {l
> A]ll & 1956 l>l ]lQOl $]l ^{lMS $r]l$.

VS & 2
2. l >gVS & JMS BZ^l]l
1. l >gVSZ {]lQ S$ & {lMS, {l$MS l $$, {l$MS
MS$P$, >f ]l BlMS
*{$, s l .
2. l ]l*Q, t S$ & MS{MS, >MS ]l$l >]l O l $]l AM>> f]l, >]l O l $]l,
M> O l $]l, $O l $]l ]l]l {l$.
3. ]l*f M> {*VS & ]lyl^l ^$>g & 73, 74 >gVS ]l$ & s A]l$$.
4. llZ S]l$ ${VS, yl*z MS$$, lVS$, ARMS ]l>YMS$ l$*$, G..,
G.s. l]l$MSyl]l lVSl$MS$ f]l$: G.., G.s.O AMS ^lrt, g$, > G..,
G.s.MS$l, ]l$ MS$l, g$, > O l $t MS$l, ]l*]l]l
MS$P MS$l.
5. HMS , , >]l ]l]l $ & l $$, f$ $, >]l ]l]l l]l.

& 3
]l*$P$ : 150
VS & 1
1. llZ {MS ^l]l, ll BMS ]l]l
1. $ BMS ]l]l Z {MS ^l]l & ]l*hMS BMS >$, ^l]l {MS ]l*$ &
llZ {MS ^l]lZ { ]lO l $]l $ & {]l*$ ]lN$ & l *$ & _]l
M>>$ & l {MSZ Z$ & ]l*PsZ {MS ^l]l & 1991 ]l$_ { ]lO l $]l P$/
]lOl$]l ]l*$$.
2. *V> M O l $]l, {l]lO l $]l, {>$MS ]lM S , ]lMS $, >$, l$MSl,
$l$$, {$.
3. oVMS ]l* &
f ]l]l$$, f:
O g MShl l, ]l $$ & ]l O l $]l f]l & l$ ]l MS, ^e f
MS {]l$* {s {]l.
4. {l]l MSVS, {$l $ & {l]l]l]l & {l]l > ^l$, {l]l MS$ lVS, ,t
l MS _]l > & {l, M>$, P>$, l ylsj & ]l$$ & ]l$$
M> >yl.
5. ]l, A , ]l*$ & ]l , S]l$ & A]l S$, A]l l$, ]l ]ll ]l

]l]l$$ & ]l*]l]l ]ll ]l, f, ElMSl, ]lM S , BMS $, ]l ]lN$ & VSr$ ^l
M>$ & S &
l & *` Q$, M>$, E*V>$, $l$$.

VS & 2
2. B{l{lMS$ {lMS {]l$* {V>$ ]l*fZ ]l$M>]l ]l$$, ]l*$.
1. g$ B$, BMS ]l]l Z { ]l V>$, * l$ El (h.yl..), l B$, A]l
^l$V> (^l.yl.I.) ]l*]l]l M> *` & B{l {lZ Cs]l $VS$ l>Z B*MS, EMS
]l]l$ VS A_]l yr$.
2. B{l {lZ ^l]l {MS$ & ]l*$ {$l VS {MSZ l l] , Cs]l ^l]l {MSZ
]l]l$ MSs# ]l.
3. B{l {lZ *P B]lMSl, >$ & B{l {lZ *MS]l$ *, B{l {lZ
Ayl]l#$, VS$l, VS$s $l ~ , r ]l, B{l {lZ ]lMS l ]l]l$$ &
]l]l$ yl$.
4. B{l {lZ {]l$ ]l, *, MSt *, _]l, Al V>$, s l$lMS ]l, ]l,
]ll$, ]l$$ & VS lO l $]l, VS l M>.
B{l {lZ
M> * ]l, * ll l$
M> * s & lW]ll ,
]l$$.
5. ]l]l$ Ell$ * & ]l$l l $, MS l l l $ & B{l {lZ {g
]l]l ; B{l {lZ VS & {]lQ, MS*, MS]lMS lMS$ {lMS {]l$* VS
MS*$, ]l, >rMS VS, ]l*^, i]l MSMS gql] .