Nbs Plus k10 Specification Details

Plasterboard dry linings/ partitions/ ceilings
K10
National Building Specification Ltd August 2006 (Revision B: March 2009) Standard Version K10 Page 1
Scope

This section deals with gypsum plasterboard dry linings fixed to
timber framing, metal framing or solid substrates. It includes:
Metal framing for partitions, wall linings and suspended
ceilings.
Fibre reinforced gypsum board linings.
Dry lining (seamless) jointing techniques.
Plaster skim coat finishing as an alternative to dry linings.
See also section M20 for plaster coatings on plasterboard.
Encasements to beams, columns and ducts.
Access units integrated with dry lining system.

This section does not include:
Light metal framing systems for loadbearing walls see
section G10.
Timber framing (studs, joists, battens, etc.) not installed as part
of the lining system see section G20.
Other types of rigid sheet linings see section K11.
Under purlin/ inside rail panel linings see section K12.
Panel partitions including those formed from prefabricated
plasterboard panels and plasterboard laminated together in
situ see section K30.
Demountable suspended ceilings see section K40.
Doors/ shutters/ hatches see section L20.
Suspended ceilings of metal mesh lathing to receive a
plastered/ rendered/ sprayed mineral fibre finish see section
M30.
Ceramic tile/ mosaic finishes see section M40.
Decorative paper/ fabric finishes see section M52.
Textured plastics coatings see section M60.
Insulation, fire barriers and vapour check membranes which
are not installed as part of section K10 see section P10.
Fire stopping to services penetrations see section P12.

Contents

Reference documents 2

General guidance

1 Sources of information on dry lining
2 Types of plasterboard
3 Strength and stability of metal stud partitions
4 Fire performance 3
5 Acoustic performance
6 Health, safety and the environment
7 Contractual arrangements 4

Specification clauses 7
^ denotes included in the Intermediate Version

Types of dry lining
115 Metal stud partition system non-proprietary
specification
125^ Metal stud partition system proprietary specification 8
145 Wall lining system (metal studs) non-proprietary
specification 9
155^ Wall lining system (metal studs) proprietary
specification 10
165^ Wall lining system (metal framing) 11
175^ Wall lining system (metal furrings)
185^ Wall lining system (adhesive)
205^ Lining on timber framed walls/ partitions 12
215 Suspended ceiling system non-proprietary
specification
225^ Suspended ceiling system (double grid) 13
235^ Suspended ceiling system (single grid) 14
245^ Ceiling lining on timber
255^ Encasement system (metal framing)
265^ Encasement system (frameless)
275^ Encasement on timber framing 15

General/ Preparation
305 Compliance with performance requirements
325 Preparation of masonry to receive wall linings
335^ Additional supports 16
375^ New wet laid bases
395 Control samples

Components
401 Gypsum plasterboard
402 Gypsum plasterboard (vapour control)
403 Gypsum plasterboard (moisture resistant)
404 Gypsum plasterboard (improved fire protection)
406 Gypsum plasterboard (improved fire protection
and moisture resistant) 17
407 Gypsum plasterboard (improved fire protection
and vapour control)
408 Gypsum plasterboard (impact resistant)
409 Gypsum plasterboard (improved sound insulation)
410 Gypsum plasterboard (improved sound insulation
and moisture resistant)
415 Gypsum plasterboard (not covered above)
430 Access panels 18
432 Metal studs

Installation
435^ Dry linings generally
445^ Ceilings
455^ Metal framing for partitions/ wall linings
465 Staggered stud partitions
475^ Metal furrings for wall linings
485^ Suspended ceiling grids 19
505^ Installing mineral wool insulation
510^ Sealing gaps and air paths
530^ Cavity fire barriers within partitions/ wall linings
545^ Cavity fire barriers within suspended ceilings
555^ Fire stopping at perimeters of dry lining systems
560^ Joints between boards
565^ Vertical joints
570^ Horizontal joints 20
575 Plank plasterboard
580^ Insulation backed plasterboard
590^ Fixing plasterboard to metal framing/ furrings
592^ Fixing insulation backed plasterboard to metal
furrings
595 Deflection heads
610^ Fixing plasterboard to timber
620^ Fixing plasterboard with adhesive dabs
625^ Fixing insulation backed plasterboard with
adhesive dabs 21
630^ Fixing insulation backed plasterboard with
adhesive spots

Finishing
650^ Level of dry lining across joints
670^ Seamless jointing to plasterboards
680^ Skim coat plaster
692 Rigid beads/ stops
695^ Installing beads/ stops
725^ Repairs to existing plasterboard 22
Plasterboard dry linings/ partitions/ ceilings K10

Reference documents

For a list of documents cited in NBS, refer to the Reference
documents listing on the subscriber website.

For a list of documents cited in this section, refer to All reference
documents for a work section on the subscriber website.

To check the currency of documents cited in this section, refer to
the list of New and amended reference documents on the
subscriber website.

Publishers of documents cited in this section include:
British Standards Institution (BSI)
Building Research Establishment (BRE)
Energy Efficiency Best Practise Programme (EEBPP)
Gypsum Products Development Association (GPDA)
NHS Estates
Robust Details Ltd.
Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP)

General guidance

1 Sources of information on dry lining
Prime sources of reference on the design, performance,
materials and installation of dry lining work are:
BS 8212: the 'Code of practice for dry lining and partitioning
using gypsum plasterboard'.
Technical literature produced by plasterboard manufacturers.
See also:
Partitions: Health Technical Memorandum HTM 56.
Ceilings: Health Technical Memorandum HTM 60 and
BS EN 13964.
Energy Efficiency Office: Good Practice Guide 138 for wall
linings.

2 Types of plasterboard
Plasterboards are classified in seven types by BS 1230-1. Types
1 to 5 are the most relevant to dry lining work. As an alternative
to specification by proprietary reference, clauses are provided in
this section to allow specification of plasterboards by generic
description to BS 1230-1. Not all proprietary plasterboards fit the
type classifications of the standard exactly, and some are
outside its scope altogether. These include the various thermal
laminate plasterboards bonded to insulation, some of which are
Agrment certified.
BS 1230-1 has now been withdrawn and superseded by
BS EN 520, however, manufacturers continue to quote
BS 1230-1. The following schedules the approximate correlation
between types in the two standards. This section has been
amended to allow specifications using either standard.

3 Strength and stability of metal stud partitions

3.1 Height and stiffness
The recommended maximum heights for metal stud partitions
(including shaft walls) and independent wall lining are
determined by stiffness tests the application of loads at right
angles to the partition and the imposition of suitable limits on the
resulting deflection. Stiffness is influenced by several interrelated
factors including size, type and centres of studs and thickness of
linings.
The maximum height for the particular construction is normally
determined by its strength grade rating to BS 5234 and the
associated stiffness test (see 3.2). Typically, manufacturers
determine maximum heights of partitions using air pressures of
200 Pa and limiting deflection factors of 1/240.
Partitions which are to be exposed to significant air pressures
(e.g. lift shafts or tall partitions adjacent to loading bays) should
receive additional testing. This involves the application of loads
(via a beam or air bag) to simulate a range of air pressures
(typically 200650 N/m or more). Limiting deflection factors of
1/125, 1/240 or 1/360 are commonly used. See also 3.3.

BS 1230-1 BS EN 520
Type Description Type Description
1 Gypsum wallboard A Gypsum plasterboard
2 Gypsum base wallboard
3 Gypsum moisture
resistant wallboard
4 Gypsum moisture
repellent wallboard
H Reduced water
absorption (H1, H2 &
H3)
5 Gypsum wallboard F F Gypsum plasterboard
with improved core
adhesion at high
temperatures
6 Gypsum baseboard P Gypsum baseboard
7 Gysum baseboard F (as
type 6 but with improved
fire protection)

D Gypsum plasterboard
with controlled density
R Gypsum plasterboard
with enhanced strength
I Gypsum plasterboard
with enhanced surface
hardness

3.2 Strength grades
Partitions have to withstand various dynamic and static loadings
including pressures from people, knocks from furniture and
equipment, slamming of doors, the weight of bookshelves,
cupboards, etc. BS 5234-1 defines four strength or duty grades:
Light (LD): Suitable only where the chance of accidental
damage or misuse is small.
Medium (MD): For use in, e.g. general office areas.
Heavy (HD): Industrial and public circulation areas.
Severe (SD): Areas prone to abnormally rough use.
Metal stud partitions are usually graded MD, HD or SD.
Some manufacturers have rationalized their partition range to
HD and SD.
To achieve a particular strength grade, a partition system must
satisfy six essential performance criteria by testing to BS 5234-2
(see table 1 in this section). Additional performance
requirements given in the standard may also be relevant (see
table 2 in this section).
Strength performance must be substantiated by test reports
from laboratories accredited by the United Kingdom
Accreditation Service (UKAS) for testing to BS 5234.

3.3 Wind loads
Partitions must be designed to withstand internal air pressure
differences created by wind forces around the building. These
pressures vary according to the direction and intensity of the
wind and the combination of openings in both the external walls
and partitions.
BS 5234-1, clause 2.4.4 states that a partition will resist
normal wind induced pressures if it can satisfy a crowd pressure
test (see table 2) and providing the following conditions are not
exceeded:
Design wind speed of 48 m/sec.
Partition height 4.2 m.
Where these conditions are exceeded, see BS 5234-1, Annex C
and BRE Digest 346, Parts 1 and 8.


National Building Specification Ltd August 2006 (Revision B: November 2008) Standard Version K10 Page 3
4 Fire performance

4.1 Standards
Building Regulations for E&W and Scotland now include
European standard classification requirements as an alternative
to British Standard classifications for resistance and reaction to
fire.
For classification procedures and related tests for reaction to
fire (fire spread) in accordance with European standards see
BS EN 13501-1. The correlation between British Standard
classifications and European classifications that apply to
plasterboards and thermal laminate boards (exposed
plasterboard surface only) are:
British Standard/
Building Regulations
European classifications
(approximately equivalent)
Limited combustibility Class A2
Class 0 Class B
For classification procedures and related tests for fire
resistance in accordance with European standards see
BS EN 13501-2 the following class definitions are used:
E Resistance to penetration (integrity)
I Resistance to the transfer of excessive heat (insulation)
R Resistance to collapse (loadbearing capacity)
For example, a partition might be given a fire resistance
classification of 'E 30'. Note that the test methods, while similar
in principle to those in British Standards, may give significantly
different results. The European classification of a particular
partition, for example, may well be lower compared to the British
standard classification.
At the time of updating this section, manufacturers had not
published the European classifications for their dry lining
products and elements. This section therefore retains only
references to the relevant parts of BS 476 and not the European
standards.
All performance claims by manufacturers for fire resistance
and fire spread must be substantiated by test or assessment
reports from laboratories accredited by UKAS for the relevant
tests. Installations must be in strict accordance with the report
data for types of components, assembly details and materials.
Unwarranted site modifications can jeopardize performance. In
particular, services and their routes through the construction
must be well coordinated in terms of location, grouping and fire
stopping details.

4.2 Fire performance
It is important that the performance of assemblies integrated
within dry lining systems, such as doorsets and access panels, is
also substantiated by testing. Some dry lining system
manufacturers and doorset/ access panel manufacturers
cooperate over fire testing and can provide test reports for their
combined assemblies. Where doorsets combine steel frames
with wood based door leaves, it is particularly important that
there is test evidence to substantiate their performance see
BS 8214, clauses 10.5 and 10.6. For further guidance on fire
resisting doorsets see section L20, general guidance.
Plasterboard dry lined suspended ceiling systems are given
fire resistance ratings for specific applications by testing to
BS 476-20, -21, -22 and -23. These applications and the criteria
by which they are assessed are included in BS EN 13964 and
summarized in table 3 of this section. Suspended ceilings which
contribute to the fire resistance of a floor assembly must also
satisfy the requirements of Building Regulations:
E&W Approved Document B3, Appendix A, table A3 plus
Amendments 2002.
IRL Technical Guidance Document B, Section B2, para 2.2.2.
NI Technical Booklet E, paras 2.10 and 3.4.
Scot Technical Standard clause 2.1.17, Non-domestic.
These include designations for types of ceilings according to
surface spread of flame classifications for materials facing the
void and restrictions on the use of access panels.
4.3 Fire barriers
Fire barriers aligned with partitions may be required within
suspended ceilings (see section K40) and raised access floors
(see section K41). Cavity barriers may be needed in partitions
and wall linings that are exceptionally high or long. The spacing
of fire barriers within suspended ceiling voids is determined by a
combination of factors. These include the purpose group of the
building, the fire spread rating for materials exposed within the
void, and whether the ceiling has a fire resisting function. See
Building Regulations:
E&W Approved Document B3, Section 10 plus Amendments
2002.
IRL Technical Guidance Document B, Section 3.3.
NI Technical Booklet E, paras 3.273.33.
Scot Technical Standard 2.4.
Where air handling ducts penetrate fire barriers and fire
separating walls within the suspended ceiling void, or where the
void is used as a plenum, the recommendations of BS 9999
should be followed. Within plenums, nondusting rigid sheet
barriers or mineral wool with protective casings of aluminium foil
or polyethylene should be used.

5 Acoustic performance

5.1 Acoustic performance and the Building Regulations
Building Regulations pay particular attention to sound insulation
between and within dwellings and other residential buildings,
see:
E&W Approved Document E, Sections 08 plus Amendments
2004. For robust details incorporating plasterboard dry linings
see Robust details Part E. Resistance to passage of sound.
IRL Technical Guidance Document E, Sections 14.
NI Technical Guidance Document G, Sections 1 and 2.
Technical Guidance Document G1, Sections 13.
Scot Technical Standard 5.1.

5.2 Laboratory testing
Sound insulation performance must be substantiated by test
reports from laboratories accredited by UKAS for testing to
BS EN ISO 140-3 and -4 (partitions) and BS EN ISO 10848-2
and -3. Airborne sound insulation is normally measured in third
octave bands having centre frequencies covering the range
1003150 Hz. See table 4 in this section and BRE Digest 337.
Doors and glazed panels are normally excluded from partition
manufacturers' tests. The degree to which they reduce the
overall performance of a partition depends on both their area
and sound reduction rating in relation to those of solid areas. For
doors, the weight of the leaf and edge sealing around the frame
are critical see also section L20, general guidance.

5.3 Pre-completion testing
Anticipated levels of sound insulating performance based on
manufacturers laboratory test results are often frustrated on site
by flanking transmission. For partitions that are not taken up to
the structural soffit this can occur via suspended ceiling voids.
Other potential flanking transmission routes include cavities
behind wall linings and column and heater casings. Inadequate
sealing around perimeters and openings in ceilings and
partitions is another cause of reduced sound insulation. Even the
smallest gaps can make a significant reduction to performance,
particularly at higher frequencies.
Pre-completion tests should be carried out when the rooms are
essentially complete, except for decoration. Impact sound testing
is carried out without a soft floor covering (e.g. carpet, foam
backed vinyl). See Preliminaries section A33.

6 Health, safety and the environment

6.1 Health and safety
Plasterboard dry lining work does not normally present special
health and safety hazards. For guidance see the Gypsum
Products Development Association, Publication number 1.

National Building Specification Ltd August 2006 (Revision C: March 2009) Standard Version K10 Page 4
For legislation and other publications relating to general health
and safety requirements, see Preliminaries section A34. See
also plasterboard manufacturers health and safety data sheets.

6.2 The environment
Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) can either be obtained as a
natural rock by mining (deep or open cast) or as a synthetically
derived by-product from various industrial processes. The
gypsum used in standard plasterboard (density about 720 kg/m)
is usually synthetic by-product gypsum. However, natural
gypsum may be used for some denser types of plasterboard.
The industrial process which yields most of the synthetic
gypsum used in plasterboards is flue gas desulfurisation (FGD)
at coal burning power stations. FGD gypsum is particularly
suitable for plasterboard because of its fineness and purity.
Plasterboard manufactured in the UK uses most of the FGD
gypsum produced by UK power stations. Another process
yielding synthetic gypsum of a suitable quality, is the
manufacture of titanium dioxide (commonly used as a paint
pigment). However, the quantities produced are much smaller
than those of FGD gypsum.
Recycled fibres are normally used for the paper facings to
plasterboard.
Plasterboard and dry lining system manufacturers should
demonstrate good environmental management, e.g.
implementation of BS EN ISO 14001 or the EC's
Eco-management and Audit System (EMAS). For further
guidance and a gypsum industry view on environmental issues
see manufacturers' websites and the Gypsum Products
Development Association, Publications numbers 2 and 4.

6.3 Recycled content
BS EN ISO 14021, clause 7.8 defines recycled content as the
proportion by mass of pre-consumer and post-consumer
materials only. Not all manufacturer claims comply with the
definition.
For percentage values, see WRAP publication Choosing
construction products, where they represent 'standard', 'good'
and 'best' UK practice. Best may only be available from one
manufacturer, and so should be selected with care if a generic
specification is required. It may also incur additional cost. WRAP
advocates use of good as this represents a higher-than-
standard level of recycled content achieved at no additional cost.
Values for recycled content in plasterboards are set out in
PAS 109: Specification for the production of recycled gypsum
from waste plasterboard:

Product Recycled content
(as % of mass)
Standard Good Best
Plasterboard 36 84 98
Fibre reinforced gypsum
board
5 60 100

7 Contractual arrangements

7.1 Contractor' s/ subcontractor's design
Where responsibility for the detailed design of the work in this
section is to be placed with the Contractor or a subcontractor
see Preliminaries section A30.

7.2 Subcontracting
The specifier may choose a subcontractor or influence the
choice of subcontractor in several different ways. See
Preliminaries section A30.

7.3 Requirements for submission of information
The specifier may require the Contractor or a subcontractor to
submit drawings or other technical information. See
Preliminaries section A31. Typical requirements to be listed in
Preliminaries may be:
A full description of builders work, special provisions and
special attendance to be provided by others.
Installation drawings showing setting out and integrated
services for suspended ceilings.
Details of proposals for fire resistant partitions including
deflection heads, cavity barriers, special junctions, etc.
Methods proposed for fire stopping around service
penetrations.

National Building Specification Ltd August 2006 Standard Version K10 Page 5
TABLE 1: Strength of partitions Six essential performance requirements (see also notes below)
Performance for strength grades (see 3.2) Test method to BS 5234-2
LD MD HD SD
Comments
Deflection (mm)
Stiffness (Annex A):
Maximum allowable deflection

25

20

15

10
Maximum allowable residual
deformation

5

3

2

1
Static load test simulating pressure from
people and ladders leaning against partition.
No damage, loosening or detachment of any
part of the partition is allowed.
Some superficial damage is allowed.
Impact resistance to hard bodies: Impact energy (Nm) Dynamic load tests simulating impacts from
wheelchairs, mobile equipment, etc.
Surface damage (Annex B) 3 3 6 10 No specific acceptance criteria because some
indentation damage may be acceptable.
Perforation damage (Annex D) 5 15 30 No perforations allowed.
Impact resistance to soft bodies: Impact energy (Nm) Dynamic load tests simulating impacts from
people falling against partitions.
Maximum allowable permanent deformation
(Annex C)

20

20

40

100
Maximum allowable permanent deformation
for all grades, 2 mm. Some local superficial
damage is allowed.
Resistance to structural damage (Annex E) 60 60 120 120 No collapsing or dislocation of any part of the
partition, including fixings, is allowed. The
impact forces are greater than for (C) and
applied more times.
Number of door slams
(Mass of door leaf 0.5 kg)
Door slamming (Annex F)
20
(35)
20
(35)
100
(60)
100
(60)
No loosening or detachment of door frame
fittings, architraves or any related damage to
the partition is allowed. Maximum allowable
permanent deformation of closing jamb of
frame, 1 mm (measured 1 m above bottom of
door leaf). No restricting ironmongery, closers,
latches, etc. allowed.

TABLE 2: Strength of partitions Five additional performance requirements (see also notes below)
Test method to BS 5234-2 Performance applicable to all grades (see 3.2) Comments
Crowd pressure (Annex G) Uniformly distributed loads
of either 0.75, 1.5 or 3.0 kN/m
The test sponsor selects load to be applied.
No collapsing or dislocation is allowed or any other
form of damage which could cause injury.
See also 3.3.
Support of fixtures and fittings
lightweight anchorage tests:

Pull out resistance (Annex H)

Pull down resistance (Annex J)

Maximum axial loads of 100 N

Maximum transverse load of 250 N
Load tests to simulate loads from lightweight fittings
(coat hooks, small fire extinguishers, etc.) and
heavyweight fittings (wall cupboards, bookshelves,
etc.). Only superficial cracking allowed.
Support of fixtures and fittings
heavyweight anchorage tests:
Load (N) Maximum
deflection (mm)
Washbasins (Annex K) 500
1000, 1250 or 1500
5
20
Eccentrically applied loads to simulate rotational
effect of heavy fittings.
Maximum allowable permanent deformation to
partition, 1 mm. Any damage sustained by partition
and any local strengthening (additional frame
members, etc.) must be recorded.
Wall cupboard (Annex L) 5002000
20004000
(applied in 500 N
increments)

5

Notes:
Tables 1 and 2 are summarized from BS 5234-2.
Requirements for specimen partition assemblies are given in BS 5234-2, section 2.2 and include the minimum length for the partition, a
single doorset and a right angled corner. The height of the partition is determined by the sponsor of the test.
Supplementary tests may have to be arranged where special/ nonstandard conditions exist.
Test reports must identify all damage sustained by the partition (e.g. loosening or detachment of trims, skirtings, fixings) in addition to
prescribed items.

National Building Specification Ltd August 2006 Standard Version K10 Page 6
TABLE 3: Summary of applications for fire resisting suspended ceilings (see 4.2)
Application Tests Criteria
Contributing to overall fire resistance of a
complete floor assembly (e.g. a timber floor).
BS 476-21 Stability of complete floor assembly.
Integrity.
Insulation (to restrict temperature rise to top surface
of floor).
(ii) Acting as a fire resistant membrane
(e.g. used in lieu of a fire resistant partition
taken up to a separating floor soffit).
BS 476-22 Stability of membrane.
Integrity.
Insulation (to restrict temperature rise to the top
surface of the ceiling within the void).
(iii) Protecting structural steel beams. BS 476-23 Temperature of any part of steel beam must not
exceed 400C.
(iv) Combinations of (i) and (ii), (iii) and (ii).

TABLE 4: Summary of applications for sound insulating partitions and suspended ceilings (see 5)
Application Tests Results and Comments
Ceilings: Contributing to overall sound
insulation of a complete floor assembly (e.g.
upgrading existing timber floor construction).

Partitions.
BS EN ISO 140-3
(laboratory test)

BS EN IS0 717-1
(single figure)
Expressed as the sound reduction index (or sound
transmission loss) R or a single figure weighted sound
reduction index R
w
. Units are dB.
The laboratory test suppresses flanking sound paths and
uses constructions that are imperforate (e.g. ceilings
without recessed light fittings).
Ceiling and partition combined: Control of
flanking transmission over ceiling height
partitions.
BS EN ISO 140-4 (site test)

BS EN ISO 717-1
(single figure)
Expressed as the standardized level difference D
nT
or the
weighted standardized level difference D
nTw
. Units are dB.
Standardized means normalized against reverberation
time. The contributions from the partition and suspended
ceiling are not differentiated.
Ceilings: Control of flanking transmission over
ceiling height partitions.
BS EN ISO 10848-2
(laboratory test)

BS EN ISO 717-1
(single figure)
Expressed as the suspended ceiling normalized level
difference D
n,c
or the weighted suspended ceiling
normalized level difference D
n,c,w
. Units are dB. The test is
performed on a proprietary ceiling system combined with a
standard test partition with significantly greater sound
insulating properties than the ceiling.
Services fittings (luminaires, ventilation systems, etc.) and
sound barriers can be included in the test sample.

Notes:
Board manufacturers normally present airborne sound insulation performance results as single figure weighted ratings (in accordance with
BS EN ISO 717-1).
Suspended ceilings can also contribute to impact sound control.

Guidance notes Specification clauses

K10 PLASTERBOARD DRY LININGS/ PARTITIONS/
CEILINGS
To be read with Preliminaries/ General conditions.

TYPES OF DRY LINING

115
Use this clause for performance based specification of metal stud
partition systems. Use clause 125 to specify by proprietary
reference. Repeat the clause for each type of partition.
Clause heading: Insert type, location or function of metal stud
partition system, e.g.
TO LIFT SHAFT
60 MINUTES FIRE RESISTING
Partition type: Insert, e.g.
Double row studs.
Single row studs.
Staggered studs.
Shaftwall.
Contractor's choice.
Partition height: Maximum height is determined by stiffness see
general guidance 3. Insert, e.g. Maximum 3000 mm.
Head condition: Insert, e.g.
Steel beams and metal decking.
In situ concrete. Linings to extend 100 mm minimum above top of
suspended ceiling.
Deflection allowance: Use where partition heads are to
accommodate deflection of floor/ roof soffits. Insert, e.g.
15 mm maximum.
Not required.
Structural performance:
Strength grade to BS 5234-2: See general guidance 3.
A partition can only be graded when it satisfies the six essential
performance requirements. Insert either Medium, Heavy, or Severe.
Additional tests: For optional performance requirements of
BS 5234 and/ or any special strength requirements. Insert, e.g.
Crowd pressure (Annex G) and wall cupboard (Annex L). Otherwise,
insert Not required.
Air pressure and deflection: See general guidance 3.1. Insert, e.g.
Air pressure (maximum) 200 N/m, and deflection (maximum) height
240 mm.
Not applicable.
Other requirements: Insert, e.g.
Allow for weight of ceramic tiles as section M40.
None.
Fire resistance: See general guidance 4. For testing to BS 476
insert, e.g. To BS 476-20 and -22, 30/30 minutes (Integrity/
Insulation). Otherwise insert, Not required.
Airborne sound insulation:
Laboratory measurement of complete partition assembl y: See
general guidance 5. BS EN ISO 717-1 cites BS EN ISO 140-3 which
gives frequency-dependent values. The weighted sound reduction
index R
w
is normally quoted over frequency range 1003150 Hz.
Specify the combined performance of a ceiling height partition and
suspended ceiling, in clause 215. Sealing all gaps and air paths is
critical see clause 510. For precompletion site testing see
Preliminaries section A33. Insert, e.g. Not less than 40 Rw dB.
Insulation: Insert, e.g.
Mineral wool to BS EN 13162; density not less than 30 kg/m.
Mineral wool to BS EN 13162; thermal conductivity not more than
0.04 W/mK.
Type recommended by board manufacturer to meet specified
performance.
Not required.
Recycled content: See general guidance 6.3.
For mineral or glass wool, insert, e.g. 50% (minimum) to
BS EN ISO 14021. For other materials, insert Not applicable.
Linings: See general guidance 2. Insert, e.g.
Two layers 12.5 mm plasterboard (include clause 404).
10 mm fibre reinforced gypsum board; Agrment certified.
115 METAL STUD PARTITION SYSTEM . . . . . .
Partition type: . . . . . .
Partition height: . . . . . .
Head condition: . . . . . .
Deflection allowance: . . . . . .
Structural performance: . . . . . .
Strength grade to BS 5234-2: . . . . . .
Additional tests: . . . . . .
Air pressure and deflection: . . . . . .
Other requirements: . . . . . .
Fire resistance of complete partition assembly: . . . . . .
Airborne sound insulation:
Laboratory measurement of complete partition assembly:
Weighted sound reduction index Rw (minimum) to
BS EN ISO 717-1: . . . . . .
Metal framing: Type recommended by board manufacturer
to complete the partition assembly and achieve specified
performance.
Insulation: . . . . . .
Recycled content: . . . . . .
Thickness: . . . . . .
Resilient layer: . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .
Finishing: . . . . . .
Primer/ Sealer: . . . . . .
Accessories: . . . . . .


For shaft partitions, the linings are in addition to the core board.
Insert, e.g. Core board plus 15 mm plasterboard (include clause 401).
Finishing: Insert, e.g.
Seamless jointing (include clause 670).
Skim coat plaster (include clause 680).
Primer/ Sealer: Primers even out absorption between board and
joint areas prior to decoration. Sealers used for enhanced moisture
resistance or vapour control may be incompatible with some
impermeable wall coverings (e.g. vinyls). Insert, e.g.
As recommended by board manufacturer for vapour control.
Primer to painted areas.
For a plaster finish, insert Not required.
Accessories: Use for decorative trims, angle/ edge/ arch/
movement joint beads and control joints. Options for angle and edge
bead materials are rigid metal, plastics or metal strip reinforced tape.
Insert, e.g.
Beads/ Stops.
Metal trims recommended by the board manufacturer: Edge reveals;
corner reveals and door reveals.
Rigid metal beads and stops as recommended by board
manufacturer.
Other requirements: Use for items which are not described
elsewhere in this section. Insert, e.g.
Movement joints as drawing ???
Fire stopping around services as section P12.

125
Use this clause for proprietary reference specification of metal stud
partition systems. Use clause 115 for non-proprietary performance
based specification. Repeat the clause for each type of partition.
Clause heading: Insert type, location or function of metal stud
partition system, e.g.
BETWEEN STUDIOS
30 MINUTES FIRE RESISTING
Manufacturer Product reference: A proprietary reference may
make some of the subsequent items redundant.
Studs:
Centres: An applied finish of ceramic tiles may require studs to be
at closer centres. Insert, e.g. 600 mm or To suit curve radii.
Head condition: Insert, e.g.
Framing of suspended ceiling.
In situ concrete slab.
Deflection allowance: Use where partition heads are to
accommodate deflection of floor or roof soffits. Insert, e.g.
15 mm maximum.
Not required.
Insulation: As an alternative to the board manufacturer's proprietary
reference insert, e.g. Mineral wool to BS EN 13162; density not less
than 30 kg/m.
Linings: See general guidance 2. Insert, e.g. First layer 19 mm XYZ
Gypo plasterboard; face layer 12.5.mm GypoZounds plasterboard.
For shaft partitions, the linings are in addition to the coreboard.
Primer/ Sealer: Primers even out absorption between boards and
impermeable wall coverings (e.g. vinyls). Insert, e.g. Two coats XYZ
Gyposeal to washrooms and Gypoprime elsewhere. For a plaster
finish, insert Not required.
bead materials are rigid metal or plastics or metal strip reinforced
tape. Insert, e.g.
Trims: Picture rail ref. ???; Skirting ref. ???
Metal beads/ Stops recommended by board manufacturer.
elsewhere in this section. Insert, e.g. Fire stopping around services
as section P12.

125 METAL STUD PARTITION SYSTEM . . . . . .
Manufacturer: . . . . . .
Product reference: . . . . . .
Studs:
Type: . . . . . .
Centres: . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .


145
Use this clause for performance based specification of metal stud
wall lining systems which are freestanding and independent of the
wall. Use clause 155 to specify systems by proprietary reference.
Repeat the clause for each type of partition.
Clause heading: Insert type, location or function of wall lining
system, e.g. TO EXTERNAL WALLS AND COLUMNS
Cavity between wall and studs: Walls to be lined should be dry.
If there is any risk of moisture transfer from background wall to the
lining, a minimum clear cavity width of 30 mm is usually
recommended. Make allowances for any insulation that projects
beyond studs into the cavity. Insert, e.g.
40 mm minimum.
Not required.
Wall lining height: The maximum height is determined by stiffness
see general guidance 3. Insert, e.g. 3000 mm.
Intermediate bracing: Bracing back to the wall may allow smaller
stud sections to be used. Insert any particular requirements, e.g.
Permitted at mid height.
Unbraced height (maximum) 3000 mm.
Head condition: Insert, e.g. Concrete slab.
Deflection allowance: Use where wall linings are to
15 mm maximum.
Not required.
Strength grade to BS 5234-2: See general guidance 3.
An independent wall lining system can only be graded when it
satisfies the six essential performance requirements. Insert either
Medium, Heavy, or Severe.
Additional tests: For optional performance requirements to
BS 5234 and/ or any special strength requirements. Insert, e.g.
Wall cupboard (Annex L). Otherwise, insert Not required.
Air pressure and deflection: See general guidance 3.1. Insert, e.g.
Air pressure (maximum) 200 N/m, and deflection (maximum) height
240 mm.
Not applicable.
Other requirements: Insert, e.g.
Allow for weight of ceramic tiles as section M40.
None.
Fire resistance: See general guidance 4. Where wall lining is to
contribute to fire protection, and testing is to BS 476 insert, e.g.
To BS 476-20 and -22, 30/30 minutes (Integrity/ Insulation).
Otherwise insert, Not required.
Thermal resistance: Insert value for independent wall lining
assembly, e.g. Not less than 2.8 mK/W.
Insulation: Insert, e.g.
performance.
Not required.
Moisture vapour resistance: Vapour control can be achieved by
the use of plasterboard with integral vapour control backing
membranes and/ or separate sheet membranes. See also section
P10, general guidance. Insert, e.g. 150 MNs/g.
Linings: See general guidance 2. Insert, e.g. First layer 12.5 mm
plasterboard; face layer 12.5 mm plasterboard (include clauses 402
and 403).
Access units: Insert Required (include clause 430). Otherwise,
insert Not required.
impermeable wall coverings (e.g. vinyls). Insert, e.g.
Type recommended by board manufacturer to provide vapour
control.
Primer to painted areas.
145 WALL LINING SYSTEM (METAL STUDS) . . . . . .
Cavity between wall and studs: . . . . . .
Wall lining height: . . . . . .
Intermediate bracing: . . . . . .
Strength grade to BS 5234-2: . . . . . .
Additional tests: . . . . . .
Air pressure and deflection: . . . . . .
Fire resistance of complete wall lining assembly: . . . . . .
Thermal resistance (R) of complete wall lining assembly
(excluding surface resistances): . . . . . .
Metal framing: Type recommended by board manufacturer
to complete the partition system and achieve specified
performance.
Moisture vapour resistance (minimum): . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .
Access units: . . . . . .


Insert, e.g.
Metal trims recommended by the board manufacturer: edge reveals;
corner reveals and door reveals.
Beads/ Stops (include clause 692, if appropriate).
Other requirements: Use for items not described elsewhere in this
section. Insert, e.g. Fire stopping around services as section P12.

155
Use this clause for proprietary reference specification of metal stud
wall lining systems that are independent of the wall. Use clause 145
for non-proprietary, performance based specification.
Clause heading: Insert, e.g. TO EXTERNAL WALLS
Studs:
Type: Insert, e.g. XYZ92.
Centres: An applied finish of ceramic tiles may require studs to be
at closer centres. Insert, e.g. 450 mm.
Cavity between wall and studs: Walls to be lined should be dry.
If there is any risk of moisture transfer from wall to the lining, a
minimum clear cavity width of 30 mm is recommended. Make
allowances for any insulation that projects beyond studs into cavity.
Insert, e.g.
40 mm minimum.
Not required.
Unbraced height (maximum): Insert, e.g. 3000 mm.
Head condition: Insert, e.g. Steel beams, purlins and linings.
Deflection allowance: Use where wall linings are to
15 mm maximum.
Not required.
than 30 kg/m.
Vapour control layer: Use this item when a separate vapour
control membrane is required between the frame and the lining.
Insert, e.g.
Polyethylene sheet; joints and edges sealed with adhesive tape.
Not required.
Linings: Insert, e.g. First layer 12.5 mm XYZ GypoS; face layer
12.5 mm XYZ GypoVC.
Access units: Insert, e.g.
As clause 430.
Not required.
impermeable wall coverings (e.g. vinyls). Insert, e.g. Two coat
vapour control sealer recommended by board manufacturer.
Insert, e.g.
Trims: Edge reveals; corner reveals and door reveals.
Beads/ Stops: As clause 692.
as section P12.

155 WALL LINING SYSTEM (METAL STUDS) . . . . . .
Studs:
Type: . . . . . .
Centres: . . . . . .
Cavity between wall and studs: . . . . . .
Unbraced height (maximum): . . . . . .
Vapour control layer: . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .


165
Use this clause for wall linings that incorporate metal framing
supported from walls.
Wall: Insert, e.g. Concrete blockwork.
Cavity between wall and back of lining: The cavity is determined
by the size of standard support brackets and typically ranges from
20150 mm. Cavity dimensions should suit requirements for
services, insulation, background wall tolerances, etc. Insert, e.g.
35 mm generally and 20 mm at opening reveals.
Framing centres: Insert, e.g. 600 mm.
Bracket centres (maximum): Normally 800 mm. Reduced
centres may be required to increase rigidity and where lining is to
receive ceramic tiling. Insert, e.g. 600 mm.
than 30 kg/m.
Linings: Insert, e.g.
12.5 mm plasterboard (include clause 408).
40 mm XYZ Gypotherm.
Access units: Insert, e.g. Required (include clause 430) or
Not required.
vapour control sealer recommended by plasterboard manufacturer.
bead materials are rigid metal or plastics or metal strip reinforced
tape. Insert, e.g.
Trims: Edge reveals; corner reveals and door reveals.
Beads/ Stops.
as section P12.

165 WALL LINING SYSTEM (METAL FRAMING) . . . . . .
Wall: . . . . . .
Cavity between wall and back of lining: . . . . . .
Framing centres: . . . . . .
Bracket centres (maximum): . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .

175, 185
Use clause 175 for wall linings screwed to metal furrings which are
bonded to the wall with adhesive dabs. Use clause 185 for wall linings
bonded directly to the wall with adhesive dabs or adhesive spots.
Adhesive fixing is unsuitable for plasterboards which have vapour
control backing layers or moisture resistant paper facings. Adhesive
spot fixing (clause 185) is used for thermal laminate boards which
are to be bonded directly to walls having smooth, regular surfaces
(e.g. sound plaster or smooth concrete).
Wall: Insert, e.g. Concrete blockwork.
Furring centres (clause 175): An applied finish of ceramic tiles
may require furrings to be at closer centres. Insert, e.g. 600 mm.
Adhesi ve method (clause 185): Insert, e.g.
Dabs (include clause 625).
Spots (include clause 630).
Linings: As an alternative to a proprietary reference, insert, e.g.
30 mm thermal laminate plasterboard; thermal resistance not less
than 0.5 m K/W.
Finishing: Insert, e.g. Seamless jointing (include clause 670).
Primer/ Sealer: Primers even out suction between boards and
vapour control sealer. For a plaster finish, insert Not required.

175 WALL LINING SYSTEM (METAL FURRINGS) . . . . . .
Wall: . . . . . .
Furring centres: . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .

185 WALL LINING SYSTEM (ADHESIVE) . . . . . .
Wall: . . . . . .
Adhesive method: . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .


Accessories: Use for angle/ edge/ arch/ movement joint beads.
Options for angle and edge bead materials are rigid metal, plastics
or metal strip reinforced tape. Insert, e.g. Beads/ Stops (include
clause 692).
elsewhere in this section, e.g. fixing methods for fixtures.

205
Use this clause for linings on timber framed walls/ partitions/ wall
linings. Specify insulation, cavity barriers and vapour control
membranes in section P10. For linings to timber framed ceilings use
clause 245.
Clause heading: Insert, e.g. STUD PARTITIONS AND EXTERNAL
WALLS
Background: Specify timber for the framework in section G20.
Insert, e.g. Studs at 600 mm centres.
Metal resilient (acoustic) bars: For enhancing airborne sound
insulation performance. Insert, e.g.
At 450 mm centres.
Not required.
Linings: See general guidance 2. As an alternative to a proprietary
reference insert, e.g. 12.5 mm plasterboard (include clause 402).
Fixing: Insert either Nails or Screws.
impermeable wall coverings (e.g. vinyls). Insert, e.g. Primer to
painted areas. For a plaster finish, insert Not required.
Insert, e.g. Beads/ Stops (include clause 692).
elsewhere in this section. Insert, e.g. Fire stopping around service
penetrations as section P12.

205 LINING ON TIMBER . . . . . .
Background: . . . . . .
Metal resilient (acoustic) bars: . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .
Fixing: . . . . . .

215
Use this clause for non-proprietary, performance based specification
of suspended ceiling systems. Parallel grid members are either
attached to a primary grid of channel sections (double grid) or
suspended directly from the soffit (single grid). Use clause 225 or
235 to specify by proprietary reference.
Clause heading: Insert, e.g. TO LABORATORIES
Structural soffits: Provide full details of the floor/ roof construction
on drawings and/ or give a brief description here, as this affects
choice of top fixing. Insert, e.g.
Concrete beam and block.
Existing plasterboard on timber joists at 400 mm nominal centres.
Grid type: Insert either Double with primary channels, or Single.
Otherwise insert, e.g. Contractor's choice.
Subject to wind/ upward pressure: This will influence design of
grid system including type of hangers. See BS EN 13964, Annex C.
Insert, e.g. Yes or No.
Uniforml y distributed loads (maximum): Ceiling system
manufacturers provide maximum load values for which their grids
are designed (typically up to 0.6 kN/m).
Additional loads/ pressure: Use this item to identify planned,
long term loads in addition to those from linings, insulation, access
panels. Insert, e.g. Lighting as drawings and schedules.
Deflection (maximum): This is the limit normally used by ceiling
system manufacturers to determine grid layout and hanger spacings.
Fire performance: See general guidance 4 and BS EN 13964,
clause 4. Insert Not required when fire performance does not apply.
Fire resistance of floor assembl y: For testing to BS 476 insert,
e.g. To BS 476-21, 60/60/60 minutes (Stability/ Integrity/ Insulation).
Ceiling resistance: For testing to BS 476 insert, e.g.
To BS 476-22, 30/30 minutes (Integrity/ Insulation).
Protection to structural steel beams: For testing to BS 476 and
specifying the time until beam reaches 400C insert, e.g.
To BS 476-23, 30 minutes.
Airborne sound insulation performance: See general guidance 5.
215 SUSPENDED CEILING SYSTEM . . . . . .
Structural soffits: . . . . . .
Grid type: . . . . . .
Structural performance: The ceiling system must safely
support loads including services fittings.
Subject to wind/ upward pressure: . . . . . .
Uniformly distributed loads (maximum): . . . . . .
Additional loads/ pressures: . . . . . .
Deflection (maximum) of grid between points of support:
Span 400 mm.
Test standard: To BS EN 13964.
Fire performance:
Fire resistance of complete floor and ceiling assembly:
. . . . . .
Ceiling resistance: . . . . . .
Protection to structural beams: . . . . . .
Airborne sound insulation performance:
Sound insulation of complete floor and ceiling assembly:
Weighted sound reduction index, Rw (minimum) to
BS EN ISO 717-1: . . . . . .
Suspension system: As recommended by the board
manufacturer to complete the ceiling system and achieve
specified performance.
Linings: . . . . . .
Integrated services fittings: . . . . . .


National Building Specification Ltd August 2006 (Revision A: September 2006) Standard Version K10 Page 13
Insert Not applicable when sound insulation performance does not
apply.
Sound insulation of complete floor and ceiling assembl y:
BS EN ISO 717-1 cites BS EN ISO 140-3 which gives frequency-
dependent values. The weighted sound reduction index R
w
is normally
quoted over frequency range 1003150 Hz. Insert, e.g. 50 dB.
Other requirements: Insert, e.g. Weighted standardized level
difference, DnT, W (minimum) to BS EN ISO 717-1 when combined
with partition type K10/110: 50 dB.
Linings: See general guidance 2. Insert, e.g. Two layers of
12.5 mm plasterboard (include clause 401).
Insulation: Use for insulation installed as part of the suspended
ceiling system and required for fire/ sound/ thermal performance.
Insulation installed across or between floor joists should be specified
in section P10. Insert, e.g.
Mineral wool to BS EN 13162; thermal conductivity not more than
0.04 W/mK.
performance.
Not required.
For mineral or glass wool, insert, e.g. 50% (minimum) to BS EN
ISO 14021. For other materials, insert Not applicable.
Not required.
impermeable coverings (e.g. vinyls). Insert, e.g. Primer to painted
areas. For a plaster finish, insert Not required.
Accessories: Use for decorative trims, covings and angle/ edge/
movement joint beads. Options for angle and edge beads are rigid
metal, plastics or metal reinforced tape. Insert, e.g.
Beads (include clause 692).
Cornice and perimeter trims: As drawing ???
Rigid metal beads and stops as recommended by board manufacturer.
Integrated services fittings: For an overall satisfactory appearance
and to benefit coordination it is often sensible for the suspended
ceiling system installer to also install fittings integrated within the
ceiling. This is particularly so for fittings which are supported
independently from the structural soffit. Insert, e.g.
Hangers and housings for linear luminaires.
None.
Include complementary requirements in the relevant services'
specifications.
elsewhere. Insert e.g.
Fire stopping around service penetrations as section P12.
Feature rose as drawings ???

225, 235
Use these clauses to specify dry lined suspended ceiling systems by
proprietary reference. Use clause 225 for systems which use a
double grid. Use clause 235 for systems which use a single grid.
Use clause 215 for generic (including performance based)
specification.
Clause heading: Insert, e.g. TO FLATS
Structural soffits: Provide full details of the floor/ roof construction
on drawings and/ or give a brief description here, as this affects
choice of top fixings. Insert, e.g. Existing timber joists at 450 mm
nominal centres.
Suspension system: See also guidance to Structural performance
items in clause 215.
Hanger type: Insert, e.g.
XYZ Gypo SA.
Type recommended by board manufacturer.
Top fixings: Insert, e.g. Screws to sides of joists.
Grid centres: Insert centres recommended by board
manufacturer.
Linings: Insert, e.g. Two layers 12.5 mm XYZoundsGyp.
225 SUSPENDED CEILING SYSTEM (DOUBLE GRID) . . . . . .
Suspension system:
Hanger type: . . . . . .
Top fixings: . . . . . .
Primary grid centres: . . . . . .
Hanger centres: . . . . . .
Secondary grid centres: . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .


than 30 kg/m.
For mineral or glass wool, insert, e.g. 50% (minimum) to BS EN
ISO 14021. For other materials, insert Not applicable.
Not required.
impermeable coverings (e.g. vinyls). Insert, e.g. XYZ Gyposeal.
Accessories: Use for decorative trims, covings and angle/ edge/
movement joint beads. Options for angle and edge beads are rigid
metal, plastics or metal reinforced tape. Insert, e.g.
Metal trims: Edge reveals.
Beads and stops: Rigid metal type as recommended by the board
manufacturer.
elsewhere. Insert, e.g.
Feature rose as drawing A(57)30.

235 SUSPENDED CEILING SYSTEM (SINGLE GRID) . . . . . .
Suspension system:
Hanger type: . . . . . .
Top fixings: . . . . . .
Grid centres: . . . . . .
Hanger centres: . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .

245
Use this clause for ceiling linings on timber joists and rafters.
Clause heading: Insert, e.g. JOISTS
Background: Specify timber for the framework in section G20.
Insert, e.g. Existing joists at 400 mm centres.
Metal resilient (acoustic) bars: For enhancing airborne sound
insulation performance. Insert, e.g.
At 450 mm centres.
Not required.
Linings: See general guidance 2. As an alternative to a proprietary
reference insert, e.g. Two layers 12.5 mm plasterboard as clause
401.
Fixing: Insert either Nails or Screws or Contractor's choice.
impermeable coverings (e.g. vinyls). Insert, e.g. XYZ Gyposeal.
Accessories: Use for decorative trims, covings, angle and edge
beads. Insert, e.g. Plaster covings.
elsewhere. Insert, e.g.
Feature rose as drawing A(57)30.

245 CEILING LINING ON TIMBER . . . . . .
Background: . . . . . .
Metal resilient (acoustic) bars: . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .
Fixings: . . . . . .

255, 265
Use these clauses for encasement systems to structural steel
beams and columns. Use clause 255 for framed systems. Use
clause 265 for frameless systems. For casings incorporating timber
framing, use clause 275.
Clause heading: Insert, e.g. TO STEEL COLUMNS AND BEAMS
Manufacturer Product reference: As an alternative to proprietary
specification insert, e.g. Contractor's choice.
Structural members: Use to describe the type, size and mass/
metre of steel members. Insert, e.g.
152 x 152 x 37 kg/m universal columns.
As drawings.
Extent of protection: Insert, e.g.
Columns: Four sides.
Beams: Three sides.
Fire performance: See general guidance 4.
Protection to structural steel: For testing to BS 476 insert, e.g.
To BS 476-21, 90 minutes.
Linings: Insert, e.g. 15 mm XYZ GypoBoard.
255 ENCASEMENT SYSTEM (METAL FRAMING) . . . . . .
Structural members: . . . . . .
Extent of protection: . . . . . .
Fire performance:
Protection to structural steel: . . . . . .
Framing system: Sizes and spacing of framing and fixings
as recommended by the board manufacturer.
Linings: . . . . . .


joint areas. Sealers used for enhanced moisture resistance or
vapour control may be incompatible with some impermeable wall
coverings (e.g. vinyls). Insert, e.g. Primer to painted areas. For a
plaster finish or where not applicable for the type of lining, insert
Not required.
Accessories: Use for beads, trims, etc. Insert, e.g.
Angle beads (include clause 692).
Rigid metal beads as recommended by board manufacturer.
section. Insert, e.g. Plan dimensions of casings to be the same for
all columns.

265 ENCASEMENT SYSTEM (FRAMELESS) . . . . . .
Structural members: . . . . . .
Extent of protection: . . . . . .
Fire performance:
Protection to structural steel: . . . . . .
Support system: Sizes and spacings of intermediate backing
strips/ noggings/ metal angles and fixings as recommended
by board manufacturer.
Linings: . . . . . .

275
Use this clause for encasements to structural steel beams and
columns. For proprietary encasement systems, use clause 255 or 265.
Clause heading: TO STEEL BEAMS
Timber framework: Insert, e.g. 44 x 44 mm wrot timber with
noggings at 600 mm maximum centres.
Linings: Insert, e.g. Two layers 12.5 mm plasterboard (include
clause 401).
Fixing: Insert either Nails or Screws.
joint areas. Sealers used for enhanced moisture resistance or
vapour control may be incompatible with some impermeable wall
coverings (e.g. vinyls). Insert, e.g. Primer to painted areas. For a
plaster finish or where not applicable for the type of lining, insert
Not required.
Accessories: Use for beads, trims, etc. Insert, e.g.
Angle beads (include clause 692).
Rigid metal beads as recommended by board manufacturer.
section. Insert, e.g. Plan dimensions of casings to be the same for
all columns.
275 ENCASEMENT ON TIMBER FRAMING . . . . . .
Timber framework: . . . . . .
Linings: . . . . . .
Fixing: . . . . . .

GENERAL/ PREPARATION

305
Use this clause when types of lining systems clauses include
structural/ fire/ sound performance requirements.
Anticipated performance can be invalidated by substitution of
alternative components and unwarranted site modifications. With fire
protecting assemblies, it is particularly important that there are no
unassessed adaptations (e.g. electrical sockets in partitions).
Testing/ Assessment: Insert, e.g.
Fire resistance: Partitions (including deflection heads and doorsets)
and suspended ceilings (including access units).
Maximum air pressure and corresponding deflection limits: Partition
K10/125.
Summary reports provided by the board manufacturer are often
sufficient to verify performance and identify the frame components,
board materials and jointing methods used.

305 COMPLIANCE WITH PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
Testing/ Assessment: Submit UKAS accredited laboratory
reports for the following: . . . . . .
Materials, components and details: As used in testing/
assessment reports. If discrepancies arise, give notice.

325
Masonry should be free from rising and penetrating damp. New
backgrounds should be allowed to dry out, particularly where there
is a risk of moisture becoming trapped in the cavity. Removal of
services, appliances, etc. should be covered by items in a schedule
of work or bill of quantities. See also Preliminaries section A33.

325 PREPARATION OF MASONRY TO RECEIVE WALL
LININGS
General: Suitable to receive lining system. Redundant
fixtures and services removed. Cutting, chasing and making
good completed.
Holes, gaps, service penetrations, perimeter junctions and
around openings: Seal.
Adhesive fixings: Prepare substrate to achieve effective
bonding.
Contaminants: Remove loose material, dirt, grease, oil,
paper, etc.
Absorption: Control by dampening, priming or applying
bonding agents as necessary.


335
Framing:
Fixtures, fittings and service outlets: Plasterboard
manufacturers recommend methods of supporting fixtures and
fittings according to their weight categories heavy, medium and
light. Additional framing is normally required for heavy weights
(e.g. sanitary appliances and radiators) and some medium weights
(e.g. floor cupboards).
See BRE Defect Action Sheets 81 and 82 for faults arising from
lack of noggings and fixings in timber structural supports.
Board edges and lining perimeters: Plasterboards with special
performance requirements (enhanced fire resistance and vapour
control) require additional framing irrespective of board thickness
and spacing of supports.

335 ADDITIONAL SUPPORTS
Framing: Accurately position and securely fix to give full
support to:
Partition heads running parallel with, but offset from main
structural supports.
Fixtures, fittings and service outlets. Mark framing
positions clearly and accurately on linings.
Board edges and lining perimeters, as recommended by
board manufacturer to suit type and performance of lining.

375 NEW WET LAID BASES
Dpcs: Install under full width of partitions/ freestanding wall
linings.
Material: Bituminous sheet or plastics.

395
The specification of control samples should be related to the size
and complexity of the project. It may be difficult to justify meaningful
samples on small jobs. See also Preliminaries section A33.
Samples should include critical junctions and representative
components, (e.g. window reveals, doorsets,). Lighting conditions
should also be considered see BS 8212, Annex B.
Type of dry lining: Insert, e.g. Partition, wall lining and vaulted
ceiling K10/125, 165 and 225. Include lighting cornice.
Location/ Size: Insert, e.g.
Corridor: Full height and minimum 3 m long.
Submit proposals.
395 CONTROL SAMPLES
General: Complete areas of finished work and obtain
approval of appearance before proceeding.
Type of dry lining: . . . . . .
Location/ Size: . . . . . .

COMPONENTS

401, 402
See general guidance 2. Use this clause for nonproprietary
specification of gypsum plasterboard linings in association with the
relevant type of dry lining clause. These plasterboards are usually
available from the standard ranges of the principal plasterboard
manufacturers.
Type: Insert, e.g.
To BS 1230-1, type 1.
To BS EN 520, type A.
Core density: The density of standard plasterboard can vary
between 650750 kg/m.

401 GYPSUM PLASTERBOARD
Type: . . . . . .
Core density (minimum): 650 kg/m.
Exposed surface and edge profiles: Suitable to receive
specified finish.

402 GYPSUM PLASTERBOARD (VAPOUR CONTROL)
Type: . . . . . .
Moisture vapour resistance of backing layer (minimum):
60 MNs/g.
specified finish.

403
manufacturers.
Type: BS EN 520 gives the following maximum water absorption
values:
H1 < 5%.
H2 < 10%.
H3 < 25%.
Insert, e.g.
To BS 1230-1, types 3 and 4.
To BS EN 520, type H1.
Exposed surface and edge profiles: Moisture resistant
plasterboards are unsuitable for a plaster finish.

403 GYPSUM PLASTERBOARD (MOISTURE RESISTANT)
Type: . . . . . .
Core: Moisture resistant.
Paper facings: Moisture resistant.
specified finish.

404
manufacturers.
Type: Insert, e.g.
To BS 1230-1, type 5.
To BS EN 520, type F.

404 GYPSUM PLASTERBOARD (IMPROVED FIRE
PROTECTION)
Type: . . . . . .
Core: Including fibres for improved cohesion.
specified finish.


406
manufacturers.
Type: See guidance to clause 403. Insert, e.g.
To BS 1230-1, types 3 and 5.
To BS EN 520, type H1 and F.

PROTECTION AND MOISTURE RESISTANT)
Type: . . . . . .
Core: Moisture resistant and including fibres for improved
cohesion.
specified finish.

407
manufacturers.
Type: Insert, e.g.
To BS 1230-1, type 5.
To BS EN 520, type F.

PROTECTION AND VAPOUR CONTROL)
Type: . . . . . .
Moisture vapour resistance of backing layer (minimum):
60 MNs/g.
specified finish.

408
manufacturers.
Type: Insert, e.g.
To BS 1230-1, type 5.
To BS EN 520, type I.

408 GYPSUM PLASTERBOARD (IMPACT RESISTANT)
Type: . . . . . .
Paper facings: Heavy duty.
specified finish.

409
manufacturers.
Type: Insert, e.g.
To BS 1230-1, type 1.
To BS EN 520, type D.

409 GYPSUM PLASTERBOARD (IMPROVED SOUND
INSULATION)
Type: . . . . . .
specified finish.

410
manufacturers.
Type: Insert, e.g.
To BS 1230-1, type 3.
To BS EN 520, type H1.

410 GYPSUM PLASTERBOARD (IMPROVED SOUND
INSULATION AND MOISTURE RESISTANT)
Type: . . . . . .
Core: Moisture resistant.
Exposed surface and edge profiles. Suitable to receive
specified finish.

415
specification of gypsum plasterboard linings, that are not covered by
the preceding clauses, in association with the relevant type of dry
lining clause. These plasterboards are usually available from the
standard ranges of the principal plasterboard manufacturers.
Clause title: Insert, e.g. WITH ENHANCED STRENGTH
Type: Insert, e.g.
To BS 1230-1, type 2.
To BS EN 520, type R.
Insert additional subitems as necessary, e.g. Paper facings:
Moisture resistant.
Core density: The density of standard plasterboard can vary
between 650750 kg/m.

415 GYPSUM PLASTERBOARD . . . . . .
Type: . . . . . .
Core density (minimum): . . . . . .
Exposed surface and edge profiles. Suitable to receive
specificed finish.


430
Use this clause for access panels fitted into metal stud/ framed wall
linings or suspended ceilings.
Clause heading: Insert, e.g.
TO WALL LINING TYPE A
TO SUSPENDED CEILING K10/225
Type: Insert, e.g.
XYZ Ltd Hangdown FR 60.
60 minutes fire protection, to BS 476-22.
Sizes: Insert, e.g. 550 x 1200 mm.
Frame: Insert, e.g.
Bead for taping and jointing.
Exposed picture frame type.
Panel: Insert, e.g.
Metal primed for site painting.
Plasterboard infill.
Lock: Insert, e.g. Tamper proof and operated by castellated key.
430 ACCESS PANELS . . . . . .
Type: . . . . . .
Sizes: . . . . . .
Frame: . . . . . .
Panel: . . . . . .
Lock: . . . . . .

432 METAL STUDS

INSTALLATION

435
For handling, storage and protection of products see Preliminaries
section A33. See also BS 8212, section 5.

435 DRY LININGS GENERALLY
General: Use fixing, jointing, sealing and finishing materials,
components and installation methods recommended by
board manufacturer.
Cutting plasterboards: Neatly and accurately without
damaging core or tearing paper facing.
Cut edges: Minimize and position at internal angles
wherever possible. Mask with bound edges of adjacent
boards at external corners.
Fixings boards: Securely and firmly to suitably prepared and
accurately levelled backgrounds.
Finishing: Neatly to give flush, smooth, flat surfaces free
from bowing and abrupt changes of level.

445
Use this clause for dry lining to timber joists, rafters and suspended
ceilings.

445 CEILINGS
Sequence: Fix boards to ceilings before installing dry lined
walls and partitions.
Orientation of boards: Fix with bound edges at right angles
to supports and with ends staggered in adjacent rows.
Two layer boarding: Stagger joints between layers.

455
Openings: For strength grades of partitions and independent wall
linings see general guidance 3. A door slam test is included in the
five essential tests required for strength grading.
Specify fire stopping around service penetrations in section P12.

455 METAL FRAMING FOR PARTITIONS/ WALL LININGS
Setting out: Accurately aligned and plumb.
Frame/ Stud positions: Equal centres to suit specified
linings, maintaining sequence across openings.
Additional studs: To support vertical edges of boards.
Fixing centres at perimeters (maximum): 600 mm.
Openings: Form accurately.
Doorsets: Use sleeved or boxed metal studs and/ or
suitable timber framing to achieve strength grade
requirements for framing assembly and adequately
support weight of door.
Services penetrations: Allow for associated fire stopping.

465
Contact between adjacent offset studs will impair the sound
insulating performance of the partition.

465 STAGGERED STUD PARTITIONS
Horizontal frame members (noggins, bearers, etc.) and
boards: Fix between alternate studs and not touching
adjacent offset studs.

475
Use this clause for metal furrings bonded to walls to receive linings.
Adhesi ve bedding to furrings:
Junctions with partitions: A continuous line of adhesive helps to
avoid flanking transmission of airborne sound. For cavity barriers
see clause 530.

475 METAL FURRINGS FOR WALL LININGS
Setting out: Accurately aligned and plumb.
Vertical furring positions: Equal vertical centres to suit
specified linings, maintaining sequence across openings.
Position adjacent to angles and openings.
Additional vertical furrings: To support vertical edges of
boards and at junctions with partitions.
Horizontal furring positions: To provide continuous support
to edges of boards.
Adhesive bedding to furrings:
Dabs: Length 200 mm (minimum). Located at ends of
furrings and thereafter at 450 mm (maximum) centres.
Junctions with partitions: Continuous bed with no gaps
across cavity.


485 SUSPENDED CEILING GRIDS
Setting out: Accurately aligned and level.
Grid members and hangers: Centres to suit specified
linings and imposed loads.
Additional grid members: Provide bracing and stiffening at
upstands, partition heads, access hatches, etc.
Fixing: Securely at perimeters, grid joints, top and bottom
hanger fixings.

505 INSTALLING MINERAL WOOL INSULATION
Fitting insulation: Closely butted joints and no gaps. Use
fasteners to prevent slumping or displacement.
Services:
Electrical cables overlaid by insulation: Sized accordingly.
Ceilings: Cut insulation around electrical fittings, etc.

510
Sealing gaps and air paths in dry lining systems is important for
optimizing sound insulation and for maintaining the air pressure
integrity of pressurized systems.
Sealing gaps and air paths in any associated structure is also
required for sound insulating performance see clause 325.
For fire stopping at perimeter junctions see clause 555.

510 SEALING GAPS AND AIR PATHS
Location of sealant: To perimeter abutments and around
openings.
Pressurized shafts and ducts: At board-to-board and
board-to-metal frame junctions.
Application: To clean, dry and dust free surfaces as a
continuous bead with no gaps.
Gaps greater than 6 mm between floor and underside of
plasterboard: After sealing, fill with jointing compound.

530
Use this clause for cavity barriers within metal stud partition/ wall
lining systems and for wall linings fixed to backgrounds using metal
furrings or adhesive dabs. Locations of cavity barriers should be
shown on drawings. See general guidance 4.3.
Metal framed systems:
Material: Insert, e.g.
12.5 mm plasterboard.
Wire reinforced mineral wool 50 mm (minimum) thick.

530 CAVITY FIRE BARRIERS WITHIN PARTITIONS/ WALL
LININGS
Metal framed systems:
Material: . . . . . .
Installation: Form accurately and fix securely with no gaps
to provide a complete barrier to smoke and flame.
Adhesive fixed wall lining systems:
Material: Adhesive compound.
Installation: Form in a continuous line with no gaps to
provide a complete barrier to smoke and flame.

545
See general guidance 4. Locations and detailing of cavity fire
barriers should be shown on drawings.
Type: As an alternative to a proprietary reference insert, e.g.
15 mm plasterboard to metal framework (include clause 404).
50 mm mineral wool wire reinforced mattress.
Fire resistance: For testing to BS 476 insert, e.g. To BS 476-20,
30/15 minutes (Integrity/ Insulation).
Ceiling void subdi vision: Insert, e.g.
as drawings.
not more than 20 m apart in any direction.

545 CAVITY FIRE BARRIERS WITHIN SUSPENDED
CEILINGS
Type: . . . . . .
Fire resistance: . . . . . .
Ceiling void subdivision: Fix barriers . . . . . .
Fixing at perimeters and joints: Secure, stable and
continuous with no gaps, to provide a complete barrier to
smoke and flame.
Service penetrations: Cut and pack to maintain barrier
integrity. Sleeve flexible materials. Adequately support
services passing through barrier.
Ceiling systems for fire protection: Do not impair fire
resisting performance of ceiling system.

555
Specify fire stopping/ barriers around services penetrations in
section P12 (e.g. intumescent collars, removable fire pillows).
For fire stopping to cavity barriers in ceiling voids see clause 545.
See also Building Regulations:
E&W Approved Document B3, Section 11.
IRL Technical Guidance Document B, Section 3.4, para 3.4.
NI Technical Booklet E, paras 3.373.39.
Scot Technical Standards clause 2.1.15, Non- domestic.

555 FIRE STOPPING AT PERIMETERS OF DRY LINING
SYSTEMS
Material: Tightly packed mineral wool or intumescent mastic/
sealant.
Application: To perimeter abutments to provide a complete
barrier to smoke and flame.

560 JOINTS BETWEEN BOARDS
Tapered edged plasterboards:
Bound edges: Lightly butted.
Cut/ unbound edges: 3 mm gap.
Square edged plasterboards: 3 mm gap.
Square edged fibre reinforced gypsum boards: 5 mm gap.

565
Use this clause for partition/ wall linings.

565 VERTICAL JOINTS
Joints: Centre on studs.
Partitions: Stagger joints on opposite sides of studs.
Two layer boarding: Stagger joints between layers.


570
Surfaces exposed to view: Use this clause for partition/ wall linings
to receive seamless jointing. Square/ cut ends cannot achieve the
same quality of joint finish as tapered edge boards.

570 HORIZONTAL JOINTS
Surfaces exposed to view: Horizontal joints not permitted.
Seek instructions where height of partition/ lining exceeds
maximum available length of board.
Two layer boarding: Stagger joints between layers by at
least 600 mm.
Edges of boards: Support using additional framing.
Two layer boarding: Support edges of outer layer.

575 PLANK PLASTERBOARD
First layer in two layer boarding: Square edged with long
edges at right angles to studs.

580
BRE Defect Action Sheet 78 shows examples of where cold bridging
may remain after dry lining with insulation backed plasterboard.

580 INSULATION BACKED PLASTERBOARD
General: Do not damage or cut away insulation to
accommodate services.
Installation at corners: Carefully cut back insulation or
plasterboard as appropriate along edges of boards to give a
continuous plasterboard face, with no gaps in insulation.

590 FIXING PLASTERBOARD TO METAL FRAMING/
FURRINGS
Partitions/ Wall linings: Fix securely and firmly at the
following centres (maximum):
Single layer boarding: To all framing at 300 mm centres.
Reduce to 200 mm centres at external angles.
Multi-layer boarding: Face layer at 300 mm centres, and
previous layers around perimeters at 300 mm centres.
Ceilings: 230 mm. Reduce to 150 mm at board ends and at
lining perimeters.
Position of screws from edges of boards (minimum): 10 mm.
Screw heads: Set in a depression. Do not break paper or
gypsum core.

592
Use this clause together with clause 590 for insulation backed
plasterboards.

592 FIXING INSULATION BACKED PLASTERBOARD TO
METAL FURRINGS
Fixing to furrings: In addition to screw fixings apply
continuous beads of adhesive sealant to furrings.

595
Applies to metal stud partitions and independent wall linings.
Deflection heads should be detailed on drawings.

595 DEFLECTION HEADS
Fixing boards: Do not fix to head channels.

610
Specify nail or screw fixing in relevant type of lining clauses.
Position of nails/ screws from edges of boards/ timber
supports: To satisfy these requirements, supports will normally
need to have a minimum face width of 50 mm to allow for tolerances
in both the framing and board. Smaller widths (e.g. trussed rafters)
can cause difficulties, and supports may require supplementary
framing or counter battening.

610 FIXING PLASTERBOARD TO TIMBER
Fixing to timber: Securely at the following centres
(maximum):
Nails: 150 mm.
Screws to partitions/ wall linings: 300 mm. Reduce to
200 mm at external angles.
Screws to ceilings: 230 mm.
Position of nails/ screws from edges of boards (minimum):
Bound edges: 10 mm.
Cut/ unbound edges: 13 mm.
Position of nails/ screws from edges of timber supports
(minimum): 6 mm.

620 FIXING PLASTERBOARD WITH ADHESIVE DABS
Setting out boards: Accurately aligned and plumb.
Fixing to substrates: Securely using adhesive dabs.
Adhesive dab spacings for each board:
Horizontally: One row along top edge and one continuous
dab along bottom edge.
Vertically: One row along each edge and thereafter at
intermediate spacings to suit size of board:
Thickness (mm) Width (mm) Dab centres (mm)
9.5 1200 400
9.5/12.5 900 450
12.5 1200 600
Adhesive dab dimensions (width x length): At least
5075 mm x 250 mm.
Position of dabs from edges/ ends of boards (minimum):
25 mm.


625
Use this clause together with clause 620 for insulation backed
plasterboards. Mechanical fasteners are necessary to prevent
premature collapse of the plasterboard facing in a fire see
BS 6203.

625 FIXING INSULATION BACKED PLASTERBOARD WITH
ADHESIVE DABS
Fixing to substrates: In addition to adhesive dab fixings,
secure boards with nailable plugs in locations recommended
by board manufacturer.

630
Mechanical fixings are necessary to prevent premature collapse of
the plasterboard facing in a fire see BS 6203.
This is the method normally recommended by the board
manufacturers. For an alternative method using bands of adhesive,
see BS 8212, clause 6.2.3.
Mechanical fasteners: The number and locations vary with the type
of board. Two is normal, with extra fastenings needed when ceramic
tiles are to be applied.

630 FIXING INSULATION BACKED PLASTERBOARD WITH
ADHESIVE SPOTS
Setting out boards: Accurately aligned and plumb.
Fixing to substrates: Securely using adhesive spots and
mechanical fastenings.
Adhesive spot spacings to each board: Four vertical rows, at
400 mm centres in each row.
Adhesive spot diameters (minimum): 25 mm.
Mechanical fasteners: Nailable plugs in locations
recommended by board manufacturer.

FINISHING

650
Use this clause for controlling levels/ deviations of dry lining
seamless jointing (clause 670). The permissible deviations are from
BS 8212, clause 3.3.5.
The directional quality of light will influence the appearance of
jointing light with a glancing angle of incidence will bring jointing
and surface regularity under more scrutiny than that with a normal
incidence. Control samples may be required see clause 395.

650 LEVEL OF DRY LINING ACROSS JOINTS
Sudden irregularities: Not permitted.
Joint deviations: Measure from faces of adjacent boards
using methods and straightedges (450 mm long with feet/
pads) to BS 8212, clause 3.3.5.
Tapered edge joints:
Permissible deviation (maximum) across joints when
measured with feet resting on boards: 3 mm.
External angles:
Permissible deviation (maximum) for both faces: 4 mm.
Internal angles:
Permissible deviation (maximum) for both faces: 5 mm.

670
Board manufacturers provide a range of compounds for filling,
bedding and finishing joints. They are selected according to
properties (e.g. speed of drying and number of coats) and method
of application (hand or special jointing gadget).

670 SEAMLESS JOINTING TO PLASTERBOARDS
Cut edges of boards: Lightly sand to remove paper burrs.
Filling and taping: Fill joints, gaps and internal angles with
jointing compound and cover with continuous lengths of
paper tape, fully bedded.
Protection of edges/ corners: Reinforce external angles,
stop ends, etc. with specified edge/ angle bead.
Finishing: Apply jointing compound. Feather out each
application beyond previous application to give a flush,
smooth, seamless surface.
Nail/ screw depressions: Fill with jointing compound to give
a flush surface.
Minor imperfections: Remove by light sanding.

680
Plaster type: As an alternative to a proprietary reference insert, e.g.
As recommended by board manufacturer.

680 SKIM COAT PLASTER FINISH
Plaster type: . . . . . .
Thickness: 23 mm.
Joints: Fill and tape except where coincident with metal
beads.
Finish: Tight, matt, smooth surface with no hollows, abrupt
changes of level or trowel marks.

692
Specify proprietary beads supplied by the board manufacturer in the
Accessories item of the relevant types of dry lining clauses.

692 RIGID BEADS/ STOPS
Internal: To BS EN 13658-1.
External: To BS EN 13658-2.

695 INSTALLING BEADS/ STOPS
Cutting: Neatly using mitres at return angles.
Fixing: Securely using longest possible lengths, plumb,
square and true to line and level, ensuring full contact of
wings with substrate.
Finishing: After joint compounds/ plasters have been
applied, remove surplus material while still wet from
surfaces of beads exposed to view.


725
Minor indentations, scuffing and other superficial damage where the
core is not broken will normally be made good by the decorator.
Damage which requires patching should be noted on drawings
and/ or in schedules of work.

725 REPAIRS TO EXISTING PLASTERBOARD
Filling small areas with broken cores: Cut away paper
facing, remove loose core material and fill with jointing
compound.
Finish: Flush, smooth surface suitable for redecoration.
Large patch repairs: Cut out damaged area and form neat
hole with rectangular sides. Replace with matching
plasterboard.
Fixing: Use methods to suit type of dry lining, ensuring full
support to all edges of existing and new plasterboard.
Finishing: Fill joints, tape and apply jointing compound to
give a flush, smooth surface suitable for redecoration.

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