p yman Cn.

Hunh,
Hncnexrop-npocnjernn canjernnx
HPATEHE, HPOH1EHA H BPEHOBAHE EmEKATA mH3HHKOI
BACHHTAHA YHEHHKA
1. YBO
Hpahene, npenonane n onjennnane (xonrpona e]exara) yuennxa y nacrann ]nsnuxor
nacnnrana y ocnonnnm n cpennm mxonama peonan je nocao nacrannnxa ]nsnuxor nacnnrana.
Konrpona e]exara ce sacnnna na rpn remarcxa nopyuja y xojnma ce jena ncnoanajy n ro:
pasnoj (nacnn1a-ne) moropnuxnx cnoconocrn, cnoprcxo-rexnnuxor opasonana n mopanno-
nonnx oconna. Mornn ncmo pehn a je y npemxoncxnm ycranonama cnryannja npno cnnuna
ann es cncrema nnn ]ase onjennnana. 3a nocrnsane nosnrnnnnx e]exara xo jene neonxono je
cncremarcxn nparnrn n nponjennnarn e]exre nojennnx axrnnnocrn, npmnrn xopexnnje y nsopy
capxaja n npncryna xao n y norney onma n nnrensnrera onrepehena. Hoxeno je, a nnje
nepeanno, ynonrn nnonannje nnn noxymanarn n ncrpajanarn na npnonjany jene sa nnxono
yuemhe n ocmnmanane axrnnnocrn cxono crnapnnm norpeama n cnoconocrnma jene onor
oa.
Hpnmjenom noxpernnx nrapa n ocrannx xperno-njexonnnx axrnnnoc-rn yuennxa o npnor
o neror n naae o eneror paspea ncnoanajy ce nnje npcre e]exara. Y cnaxom pay, na n
onoj jenarnocrn, noxasyjy ce npno nenocpenn e]exrn (uecro nx cnpcranamo n y mann]ecrne,
mjepnne, nn-nne). Y ]nsnonornjn ]nsnuxnx xperana n nanopa onn e]exrn ce ojamna-najy
xao pesynrar psnx aanrnnnnx npomjena nnrannnx ]ynxnnja na opehene saxrjene, nanope.
Hapanno, y re e]exre ypajamo cne nacnnrno-opasonne e]exre. 3a nnxono npenosnanane n
crnapnn yunnax norpeno je xpahe npnjeme (o na mjecena).
Haxon yxer rpajana nnn anena nrponno-xpernnm axrnnnocrnma ocrnapyjemo rsn.
xyuyua1nnne (1pajnnje) eqex1e xojn cy cxpnnenn (ua1en1nn) noxeno peueno opa. Y
cymrnnn, nn ]nsnuxor nacnnrana nnn neron 1euen unnn uonjex n nerona opa. Onn cy
pesynrar yrnnaja nennxor poja rpenyrnnx e]exara na xornnrnnnom, a]exrnnnom n
moropnuxom nnany ycxe nnunocrn. Onn cy (cnaxaxo n nacenn) y onom yspacry n nouernn
(naxo je nouerax remxo openrn, ne nacnyhyje ce nn y nnrpayrepnnom xnnory uonjexa), ann sa
cnaxo njere c nonasnor neh nspa-xenor nnunor nnnoa xojn cy onn crexnn pohenem, onomenem
na cnnjer, opehennx pasnojnnx nmensnja. Hapanno a rn e]exrn nncy xao mro ce
jenocrpano (nanuxn) mncnn camo y c]epn nonomxor pacra n pasnoja nero n ocrannx c]epa
emornnne, nnrenexryanne n mopanno-none nmensnje pasnoja jerera (uonjexa). 3a ]nsnuxo
nacnnrane ce xaxe a je pym1nena xareropnja (nayxa).
2. O3HPAHE H HPOH1EHA OBHMA H HHTEH3HTETA
PAA Y AKTHBHOCTHMA mKOACKE 1EHE
Onrepehene (onm n nnrensnrer) jene onor yspacra rpea a ce asnpa na
spancrnenom crany n nnnoy cnoconocrn jene, xaxo n ce y opehenom npemeny mann]ecronann
opehenn nosn1nnnn e]exrn onor paa. Temxo je saononrn jeunje norpee sa xperanem ann na
rom nyry rpea ncrpajanarn. Te norpee nncy mane, a y npaxcn cy one uecro necaruenne n
nesaononene. Horopna je unnennna a ce jena penarnnno pso samapajy, ann ce pso n
omapajy. uecro ce camonnnnnjarnnno omapajy n cnpemnn cy na nona anraxonana xoja rpeajy
nrn nnrepecanrna n nsasonna sa jeny. Hacrannnx (yunre) n rpeao a (npe)nosnaje
noxasaree xojn ronope o nponjenn onrepehena (cnxe onma n nnrensnrera) c nnje rpyne
snaxona.
a) Cnonamnn (]nsnuxn) snann cy noxasaren xojn xapaxrepnmy
camy axrnnnocr. Onn opehyjy npc1y ax1nnnoc1n (npnpone npcre xpera-
na) xapax1ep nanpesana (nnamnuxa n nnxaxo n nnxaxna crarnuna nanpe-
sama), onm (rpajane re axrnnnocrn) n nn1ensn1e1 xperne axrnnnocrn (poj
nsneennx naxmnx nnn rexnx noxpera n pann) n ycuonn (npocropnn,
orexanajyhn, ronnornn).
) Yny1pamnn (]nsnonomxn) snann xojn yxasyjy xaxo oprannsam
jerera pearyje n nonocn xperno-nrponne axrnnnocrn. Ono mro ce xo
jene moxe a nparn cy ]pexnennnja cpuannx orxynaja y mnnyrn (nync),
]pexnennnja ncana, crenen samopa (nonymrane, rynrax naxne, cnanje
xonrponncane noxpera), npnennno nnn enno nnna, nnnnnyannn
cnmnromn samopa (snojene, nayse pan omopa).
Hacrannnx (yunre) rpea a nasn a ce nje1e ne npeon1epe1n, nnn neononno on1epe1n,
a rnx nojana nma noceno y nnxnm paspenma (I-V) y nny "cnrypnocrn n uynana" jene. H jenn
n pyrn cy nenoxenn.
3. BPEHOBAHE HOKA3ATEA mH3HHKOI BACHHTAHA
Axo ce xene (np)onnjennrn nosnrnnnn e]exrn xperno-nrponnnx ]n-snuxnx) axrnnnocrn
jerera, norpeno je yrnpnrn nouerne xapaxrepncrnxe, ocoenocrn neronor ]nsnuxor pacra n
pasnoja, nnnoa moropnuxnx (]nsnu-xnx), ]ynxnnonannnx cnoconocrn n na ocnony sanaxana
nexnx mopanno-nonnx oconna (onaxnocr, onyunocr, cnpemnocr na capany, ynopnocr nnn
cynpornnx, nerarnnnnx n nenoxennx n cn.). a ncmo mro ojex-rnnnnje n c onono
unnennna nparnnn n npenonann c]exre cnora n paa
jene (na nporpamcxnm capxajnma) n njenoxynnor nponeca ]nsnuxor, nrponnor njexana
(cnonranor xo jene o 12 ro.), norpeno je oesn-jenrn noxasaree xnanrnrarnnne n
xnannrarnnne npnpoe. Onn ce onoce na nporxjeny nouernor crana xoje n nno ynopenno
c nexnm nonnm cranem, nnp. na nouerxy n xpajy ronne. To ce a npnmnjernrn, perncrpo-narn
nmajyhn y nny a nparnmo rpyny jene xojy nacnnranamo n opasyjemo cxopo cnaxn an. Jean
uynenn apancxn mncnnnan K. Hnpan, nosnar npocnjerapnma, xasao je sa jeny a nx "oannnemo
xao crpnjene". Y namnm mxonama nocrojn jean norpemno ynorpeanann nspas nama, moja
jena. Y crnapn, on ro cnnxonnro opasnaxe y jenoj njecmn xoja nounne "Bama jena nncy
nama jena. Ona cy camo oanere crpnjene, xoje ce ns namer nyxa oannny (...)''. Tnme je pexao
nyno y cmncny namer nonmana nacnn-rana, nocrynanna, nrpana (paa) c jenom. Onaxan norne
je npno noyuan n oponaujepan n nexnm namnm ponrenma y cmncny "onecnnx" amn-nnja
n saxrjena npema cnojoj jenn.
Onaj nocao nnje nax jep ce pan o npno ocjernnom yspacry n nnxonnm narenrnnm
(cxpnnennm) cnoconocrnma n ocoenocrnma, nemoryhnocrn npnmjene cranapnnx recrona,
nocrynaxa n rexnnxa paa xoje ce nnaue npnmjenyjy ca crapnjnm n cenexnnonncannm ysopnnma
(yspacrnma). Onje ce nehemo annrn onnm nponemnma jep onm onor unanxa ro ne osnoana.
3aro hemo yxasarn na nexe ocnonne xapaxrepncrnxc xoje nacrannnnn, yunren y namnm
ycnonnma rpea a xopncre ys opeheny nomoh ys oesjehnnane ycnona sa raj pa. Taxo n
omnn o nponjene y onom rananom nepnoy xnnora (npernyeprera n xacnnje nyeprera n
nonomxe spenocrn). Ceehn noxasaren npenonana n nponjene e]exara nacnnrauenor
jenonana c (npe)mxoncxom jenom o 5-15 ronna cy:
pac1 n pasnoj jene (nncnna n rexnna rnjena, rojasnocr n neyxpa-
nenocr);
nponjena uo1opnuxnx cnoconoc1n: cnara, psnna, oxpernocr,
xoopnnannja, pannorexa n ocrane;
ycnojenoc1, onuaanoc1 uo1opnuxnu snannua (njemrnnama n
nannxama) cnoconocrn xoopnnnpanor xperana, nonesnnana nox-
pera y ocnonnnm rj.npnponnm npcrama xperana nr.;
napaue1pn (ne)npannunor paana 1njeua (pxane rnane n pamena, nsrne
rpyn, nnno, nonoxaj xyxona n nonarnna, pxane xoena, cnoa cronana);
nonamane jene n onoc npeua xpe1nnu ax1nnnoc1nua n yuec-
nnnnma onocno crenen saonocrna xperanem n nrpom.
Jyrocnonencxn sano sa ]nsnuxy xynrypy npenoxno je nopme (noxa-sano y raenn p. 1,
2, 3, 4, 5 n 6) n cer, rpyny recrona sa npahene ]nsnuxor pacra n pasnoja n ]nsnuxnx cnoconocrn
mxoncxe jene, ann camo sa crapnje yspacne rpyne o 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 12, 13, 14 n 15 ronna. To
cy ceehn noxasaren":
1
Hnannh, C. (1988): Kpn1epnjyun sa nponjeny qnsnuxor pasnoja n ]nsnuxnx
cnoconocrn ene n omnanne yspacra o 7 o 19 ronna, J3uK MC - OOYP 3ano sa ]nsnuxy xynrypy, Feorpa..
- nncnna 1njeua, nspaxena y nm,
- uaca 1njeua, nspaxena y 0,5 xr,
- psnna n oxpe1noc1 (uynacro rpuane 3x10m y c, sa crapnje paspee rpuane 30m);
- cnara unmnha nory (excnnosnnna) - cxox ya y nm;
- cnara pyxy n 1njeua (excnnosnnna, onmra) - anane mennnnxe ya o 1,2 n 4 xr;
- excnuosnnna cnara pyxy n - anane rennc nonrnne ya y merpnma; sa crapnje
paspee mjemonnrn srn poj nsnohena n
- cnpe1noc1 onm1a xoopnnannja -onjane nonre o sna pojanem ncnpannnx
xnarana;
- nspannnoc1 sa crapnje paspee 500m (X) n 800m (M).
Hnje na omer oarn nporpamy ]nsnuxor nacnnrana y nny npe-nennnje nocrypannnx
nopemehaja cyjexrnnny, noxennje crpyuny (ojex-rnnny) oncepnannjy (ne)npannnnocrn
pxana rnjena xo mxoncxe jene. Kojy meroy here nsaparn sanncn o name ynyhenocrn y ony
nponemarnxy (Meroa H. Bonancxor nnn nocmarpanem meroom cryenara uuB ns Feorpaa).
3aro je neonxono pan yyhnocrn jene, npannnnor pxana rnjena carnearn n ynpaxnanarn
sa cny jeny npenenrnnne n cnennjanne, nnrepnenrne nporpame xopexrnnnor njexana sa
nojennne.
Taena 6p. 1. jeuann o 5 o 7 ronna
BAPHJAFHE (MJEPE)
Y 3 P A C T
5 ro. 6 ro. 7 ro.
Tjenecna nncnna 117- 119 113- 125 117- 130
Maca rnjena 17-23 19-26 21 -29
Fpsnna 12,9-9,8 12,1 -9,1 11.4-8,8
Cnara nory 73-111 88 - 125 98- 136
Onmra cnara 146 - 274 183-335 231 -398
Cnara pyxy 489 - 1098 650-1368 848-1668
Taena p. 2. jenojunne o 5 o 7 ronne
BAPHJAFHE (MJEPE)
Y 3 P ACT
5 ro. 6 ro. 7 ro.
Tjenecna nncnna 106-118 112- 124 117-129
Maca rnjena 16-23 18-26 20-28
Epsnna 13,3- 103 12,7-9,7 12,0-9.4
Cnara nory 69- 1 06 81 - 117 91 - 125
Onmra cnara 136-207 165-289 197-333
Cnara pyxy 340-853 469 - 957 558- 1122
Taena p. 3. jeuann o 7 o 11 ronna
BAPHJAFHE (MJEPE)
Y3PACT
7 ro. 8 ron. 9 ro. 10 ro. 11.ro.
Tjcnecna nncnna 127- 133 128- 134 133- 140 138- 145 141- 148
Maca rnjena 24-29 25-32 28-35 31-39 31-39
Fpsnna 10,0- 9,6 9,7-8,8 9,8 - 8,9 9,1-9,0 8,7 - 8,4
Cnara nory 119-136 122- 141 131-149 139- 158 142- 161
Onmra cnara 230 - 300 245- 325 295 - 375 330-415 370 - 450
Cnpernocr 6- 10 10-13 8- 11 11- 15 10-13
Taena p. 4. jenojunne o 7 o 11 ronna
BAPHJAFHE
(MJEPK)
Y 3 P A C T
7 ro. 8 ro. 9 ro. 10 ro. 11 ro.
Tjenecna nncnna 126- 132 128- 133 133- 139 138- 144 142- 149
Maca rnjena 23-29 26-32 28-35 30-38 33-40
Fpsnna 10.0- 9,5 10,3- 9,3 9,8 - 8,9 9,8 - 9,3 9,7-8,8
Cnara no!y 108-124 113-134 122- 142 130- 149 134- 153
Onmra cnara 190- 250 215-275 250 - 325 285 - 360 320-385
Cnpernocr I 6-8 9-11 I 9- 11 9- 13 9-11
Taena p. 5 n 6 jeuann n jenojunne o 11 o 15 ronna
BAPHJAFHE
(MJEPE)
Y3 P ACT J E u AH H 1 1 - 1 5 r o n n a
11 ro. 12 ro. 13 ro. 14 ro. 15 ro.
Tjenecna nncnna 147-153 149- 156 155- 164 162- 171 168- 175
Macarnjena 33-43 37-47 41 -51 49-60 49-61
Fpsnna 5,4-5,1 4,6-4.1 4,5- 4,1 4,6-4,2 4,5-4,1
Cnara nory 143-365 159- 178 166-187 176-201 1 84- 209
Cnara pyxy 13- 18 14-20 14-21 14-20 14-20
Onmra cnara 345-445 340 - 440 380- 500 460- 595 485- 630
Cnpernocr 7-9 8-10 10- 13 9-11 9- 11
Hspxnnocr 800m 225 - 194 223- 191 208- 182 201- 176 201 - 174
BAPHJAFHE (MJEPE)
Y3PACT J EBOJ uHHE 11 - 15 ronna
1 1 ro. 12 ro. 13 ro. 14 ro, 15 ro.
Tjenecna nncnna 149- 156 151- 158 156- 163 160- 166 161- 167
Maca rnjena 36-45 41 - 50 42-52 51 -60 52-61
Fpsnna 5,2-5,0 5,3 - 4,9 5,4 - 5,2 5,5-5,1 5,3-4,7
Cnara nory 150- 169 152-171 146- 171 148- 1170 152-173
Cnara pyxy 11- 15 10- 13 10- 12 11- 16 9- 13
Onmra cnara 295 - 375 320 - 405 340 - 425 345- 440 400 - 495
Cnpernocr 6-8 6-8 8- 10 8- 10 9- 11
Hspxnnocr 500m 155- 131 152- 127 151- 126 147-123 157- 127
Hnannh, C. (1996): Me1oouornja npahena ]nsnuxor pasnoja n ]nsnuxnx cnoconocrn ene n omnanne, 13mKMC,
Feorpa, crp. 130-134.
Hpnnoxene nopme (n onnc recrona)
3
caunnene cy na ocnony yroro-nmner npahena
]nsnuxor pacra n pasnoja ]nsnuxnx cnoconocrn jene n omnanne Feorpaa, mro ne snaun a ce
one nopme sa npenonane ne mory xopncrnrn n sa ocrany nonynannjy, nnp. na namnm
npocropnma. Fnno n npno nnrepecanrno ponrenma a casnajy nexe noarxe o cnojoj jenn ns
one c]epe namer jenonana. Hopua1nnn cy caunnenn xao 1poc1enena cxaua npnjenoc1n na cy
npnxasann noxasa1enn y 1aeuaua y c1napn npocjeunn (nn1epnaun). Mane n nehe o onnx
npnjenoc1n 1pea npenonaneu (ynope-nnaneu) openna1n, nponjennna1n xao
na1npocjeunn nun ncno1npocjeunn noxasa1enn. Ono je najenemenrapnnjn nn ojexrnnnor
nponjennnana. To n nrexaxo nocnyxnno xaxo nacrannnnnma, yunrenma raxo n ponrenma
jene y cmncny a (ca)snana pacra n pasnoja cnora jerera, ne camo y nonomxom nero n y(o)
pymrnenom n yonmre cnaxom pyrom - nnrerpannom pasnojy.
KPHTHHKH OCBPT OCAAmHEI BPEHOBAHA 1EHE
5-15 IO. Y mH3HHKOM BACHHTAHY
Hocrojn nennxn poj ayropa (mramnannx nsana) xojn neomjepeno nnmy o ncnxo]nsnuxoj
spenocrn, moryhnocrnma, norpeama n cnoco-nocrnma jene (npe)mxoncxor yspacra jep ne
xoncynryjy crpyuna nnna. Hanme, y rnm nynnxannjama nanoe ce npnmjepn paa c jenom sa xoje
ona nncy jom cnpemna, a nn cnocona sa nsnohene (nororono rpynnnx pann). Kopncre ce
neaexnarnn repmnnn xao n nenpnmjepena cpecrna n nomarana n cn. Hanoe ce npnmjepn xojn
cy yonmrenn, cynonapnn n nejacnn. Y rom capxajy yunrey. nacrannnxy je remxo nsaparn,
oprannsonarn n cnponecrn naoe npnmjepe. unsnuxo nacnnrane n pa o npnor o eneror
paspea je namjepno nnn cnyuajno najuemhe craneno n reopnjcxn (n npaxrnuno) na nocene
mjecro. Tpea nmarn ynnjex y nny a je ono no nacnnrana, a ne npemer. Hrpom n njexanem
y canama sa ]nsnuxo nacnnrane (yunonnnn, nrpaonnnn) xaa neua ycuona, pexnnsnra, onono
npocropa, npnmjepennx nacrannnx cpecrana, oprannsannje n e]nxacnnx meroa n onnxa paa n
cn. neua nn xapuonnunor nn1erpaunor pac1a n pasnoja je1e1a. 3amro onnxonane camo n
cnnx mnmnhnnx rpyna? Yunren (nacrannnnn nemajy ony npnnnxy) y onaxnnm cnryannjama cy y
npno nesaxnannoj cnryannjn cnpemnn sa cnaxojaxo cnanaxene, nmnpo-nnmnane n c1napane
najuemhe cuaor eqex1a, ncxoa yuena.
5. YM1ECTO 3AKYHKA
Cnn onn npnnnnnn y pay nomaxy xao nyroxas cneoyxnarnocrn y pay omoryhanajyhn
yunrey, nacrannnxy ocrajany coom na nnnnjn npnje cnera nacnnrana n jerery nocrajany
coom (]opmnpana). Hopehene nojennna (ca nnm camnm) omoryheno je npexo opnjenrannonnx
rannna (nopmarnna) xoncrarannjama yunrea, nacrannnxa. To je np(onjena) unjn je nn a ce n
ponrenma "npyxn cnnxa" pasnoja nnxonor jerera y nncxom oxpyxeny (noponnn, mxonn),
napanno onncou n nponjenou cnoconocrn, a ne saocrarxom n cnaocrnma, nponycrnma.
Hapanno, nocrojn y cnemy rome nemro mro ce moxe n ersaxrno nponnjennrn, a mro ce pan c
jenom onor yspacra, npennsnnje nero cyjex1nnan cy. Crnapnocr, ycnonn paa n xnnora nac
npnmopanajy a npnmnjernmo n ysmemo y osnp osnne neocrarxe xoje njere (rexe)
(no)nocn xaxo n nx orxnonnnn, ymannnn n(nn) nsjernn. ' Bnjern, crp.79-87. n
4
Hnnh, . n cap.:
nennnx pana nacrane ]nsnuxor nacrmrana, 3ano sa yuennxe n (...) C. Capajeno, 2000.