TylerOepkes October16,2013 Biology TissueandCancer 1.Whatistissueandhowisitstudied? Tissueisadistincttypeofmaterialofwhichanimalsorplantsaremade,consistingof specializedcellsandtheirproducts.TissuecanalsobeknownalBiospecimens.These Biospecimensareusedprofoundlyforcancerresearchandforcancerdiagnosisand analysis.ScientistsuseBiospecimensbecausetheycontainanextraordinaryamountof biologicalinformationwritteninthelanguageofcells,genesandproteins.These Biospecimenscanidentifythebiologicalcharacteristicsofcancercells.Alsotherearemany differenttypesoftissuefoundinhumans:epithelial,connective,muscular,andnervous tissue.Epithelialtissuecoversthebodysurfaceandformstheliningformostinternal cavities.Connectivetissueisthemostabundantandthemostwidelydistributedofthe tissues.

Nervetissueiscomposedofspecializedcells,whichnotonlyreceivestimulibut alsoconductimpulsestoandfromallpartsofthebody.Therearethreetypesofskeletal tissues.Thefirstoneisaskeletalmuscle,whichisvoluntarytypeofmusclethatisusedin thecontractionofskeletalparts.Thesecondoneissmoothermuscle,whichisfoundinthe wallsofinternalorgansandbloodvessels.Thethirdoneisacardiacmuscle,whichis foundonlyinthecellsoftheheartandisinvoluntaryinnature.

2.Whatgoeswrongwithorgoesonwithtissueincancer? Adescriptionforcancerisadiseasethatabnormalcellstakeoverwithoutcontrolandis abletoinvadeothertissues.Thesecellsgothroughallpartsofthebodyandthebloodand lymphsystem.Somecancersthataffecttissuearecarcinoma,sarcoma,leukemia,and centralnervoussystemcancer.Carcinomacancergenerallystartswiththeskinortissue thatcoverstheinternalorgans.Carcinomahasanumberofsubtypesofcancersincluding adenocarcinoma,basalcell,andtransitionalcellcarcinoma.Sarcomabeginswiththe boned,cartilage,fat,muscle,bloodvessels,orconnectiveorsupportivetissues.Leukemia beginswiththebloodformingtissue(suchasbonemarrow)thatproducesabnormal bloodcellstoenterthebloodstream.Centralnervoussystemcancerstartswiththetissue ofthebrainandspinalcord.Anotherthinginparticularthatiscancerrelatedaretumors. Sometumorsarecancerrelatedandsomearent.Onetumorinparticularismalignant tumors.Inthistumorcellscanattacknearbytissueandspreadintootherareasofthe body.

3.Whatresearchisgoingontounderstandtissue? About260,000casesoftraumaticbraininjuryhavebeenreportedamongU.S. servicemembersfromservinginIraqandAfghanistan.TheDefenseDepartmenthas decidedtosetupabraintissuebanktounderstand,treatandpreventothersfromgetting theseinjuries.Thewayinwhichthisisgoingtoworkisthatthebraintissuebankwill collectspecimensfromdeceasedservicememberswhosefamilieshavedecidedtodonate theirbrainforuseinresearch.Thisprocesswillworkverysimilartohowwestudy

Alzheimersdisease,Parkinsonsdisease,andmorerecentlytheproblemsoccurring amongNFLfootballplayers.Butinorderforthistworktheyneedtounderstandhow exposuretohighexplosivesaffectsthebrain,theareasofthebraintheexplosivesaffect, andhowthebrainrespondsintermsoftruingtohealfromthatdamage.Thisispossible bylookingatthebraintissuedirectly.

4.WhatcurrentresearchisgoingonfortherapiesandcuresforCancer?Howdothey connectwithtissue? Inthecancerworldtherearemanydifferenttypesofcuresandtreatmentsso peoplewillbeabletobeconsideredcuredoftheircancer.Whiletryingtocureortreatthis cancerdoctorstendtousemanydifferentmethods.Someofthesemethodsinfactconsist ofremovingtissue.Somecancersthatdoctorstreatbyremovingtissueisbladdercancer andbreastcancer.Forbladdercancerdoctorssurgicallyremovethetumorandthetissue surroundingthetumor.Forbreastcancerdoctorsuseradiationtherapyifneededafter breastconservingsurgery.Sincemuchofthebreasttissueisleftintact,itlowersthe percentthatbreastcancerwillcomebackby50%andlowersthedeathrateby20%. Whencancerpatientsarefirstdiagnosedwithcancerthefirstthingtheytrytodoisto surgicallyremovethetumor.Ifthesurgerydoesntworkthenthetryusingchemotherapy. DoctorsusechemotherapytokillthecancercellsandareusuallytakenthroughIVorby mouth.AnothertreatmentthatdoctorsuseisRadiationtherapy.Thereasonwhydoctors useradiationtherapyistokillcancercellsandtoshrunkentumors.

5.Whocanyoucontactthatisconductingthisresearchtointerview? BedalovLab Phone:(206)6677298 Email:stenney@fhcrc.org Fax:(206)6675255 Location:D2383 MailStop:D2190

BernsteinLab Phone:(206)6671212 Fax:(206)6676084

FeroLab Phone:(206)6675065 Email:mfero@fhcrc.org Fax:(206)6671494 Location:D4245 MailStop:D4100

References BladderCancer|Cancer.Net.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom http://www.cancer.net/cancertypes/bladdercancer/treatment ExploringFourTypesofTissues.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k6/lc/humanbio/4/lchb4_3a.html ImportanceofTissueSamplesTCGA.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancergenomics/tissuesamples PentagonHopesBrainTissueResearchWillHelpPreventInjuries:NPR.(n.d.).Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/2013/06/14/191713603/pentagonhopesbraintissueresearc hwillhelppreventinjuries SusanG.Komen|UnderstandingBreastCancer|Treatment|RadiationTherapy.(n.d.). Retrievedfromhttp://ww5.komen.org/Content.aspx?id=6968 WhatIsCancer?NationalCancerInstitute.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/whatiscancer Worldfirsttissuestudycouldreshapefutureofadvancedprostatecancertreatment: CancerResearchUK.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerinfo/news/archive/pressrelease/201212

20firstprostatetissuestudy Retrievedfrom http://www.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/labs/rome/histology.p df Retrievedfrom http://www.cancer.org/treatment/understandingyourdiagnosis/talkingaboutcancer/ whensomeoneyouworkwithhascancer/whensomeoneyouworkwithhascancerque stionsandanswersaboutcancertreatment