Capitulo 2

UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
DE CHIAPAS
ESTRUCTURAS ISOSTATICAS 49

CAPITULO II: ESTRUCTURAS DE EJE RECTO MARCOS

Fig. 2.1 estructura de marco rgido.

DE CHIAPAS
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
Ton 2.118
Y
A
: obtenemos
Y
A a despej ando
0 Ton 2.118
Y
A
0 Ton 0.618 Ton 2.736
Y
A
: obtemos
ecuaci on esta en
Y
D de val or el do susti tuyen
0
Y
D Ton 2.736
Y
A
0
y
F
Ton 0.618
m 3
m * Ton 1.854
Y
D
: obtenemos
Y
D a despej ando
0 m 3
Y
D m * Ton 2.25 m * Ton 4.104
0 m 3
Y
D m 1.5 Ton 1.5 m 1.5 Ton 2.736
0
A
M
=
=
= +
= +
= | +
= =
=
=
= +
A
B
C
D
1.5 m
3 m
3 m
w=0.912 T/m
1.5 Ton

EJERCICIO 1.- Del siguiente marco, hallar las reacciones en los apoyos y los
elementos mecnicos que actan sobre el.

Clculo de reacciones

Fig. 2.1.2 estructura idealizada.
DE CHIAPAS
Fig. 2.1.4 tramo A-B.
Ton 1.5
X
A
: obtenemos
X
A a despej ando
0 Ton 1.5
X
A
0
y
F
=
=
=
+

Ton 2.118
Y
A N
: obtenemos N a despej ando
0
Y
A N
0
y
F
NORMAL FUERZA
= =
= +
= | +
B - A TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO
Ton 1.5
X
A V
: obtenemos V a despej ando
0
X
A V
0
X
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
= +
=
+

A
B
C
D
1.5 m
3 m
3 m
P=2.736 T
AY BY
AY
1.5 m
1.5 Ton
A
B
3 m
AY
AY
M
V
N
+
( ) Ton 4.5 m 3 Ton 1.5 M
: obtenemos M a despej ando
0 Y
X
A M
= =
= +

Fig. 2.1.3 diagrama de cuerpo libre.
DE CHIAPAS
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton 0.618 m 3 Ton/m 0.912 Ton 2.118
3 X
V
Ton 2.118 m 0 Ton/m 0.912 Ton 2.118
0 X
V
X Ton/m 0.912 Ton 2.118
X
V
0
X
V X Ton/m 0.912 Ton 2.118
0
X
V WX
Y
A
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
= | +
C - B TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) m Ton* 25 . 2 9m Ton = + =
=
= + =
=
+ =
= +
=
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
0.456 3m Ton 2.118 m * Ton 4.5
3 X
M
m * Ton 4.5 0 Ton 0.456 0 Ton 2.118 m * Ton 4.5
0 X
M
2
X Ton 0.456 X Ton 2.118 m * Ton 4.5
X
M
: obtenemos
X
M a despej ando
0
X
M
2
0.456X X Ton 2.118 m * Ton 4.5
0
X
M
2
0.456X m 3 Ton 1.5 X Ton 2.118
0 M
2
X
WX m 3
X
A X
Y
A
0
X
M
+
B
C
3 m
w=0.912 T/m
A
3 m
AY
M
V
N
Fig. 2.1.5 tramo B-C.

MOMENTO FLEXIONANTE

DE CHIAPAS
A
B
3 m
C
M
V
N
AY
AY
1.5 m
P=2.736 T
3 m
1.5 Y 0 D - C TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO < <
Ton 1.5
X
V
: obtenemos
X
V a despej ando
0
X
V Ton 1.5
0
X
V
X
A
0
X
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
=
=
=
+

Fig. 2.1.6 tramo C-D.
Ton 1.5
X
A N
0
X
A N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
= =
= +
=
+

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 0.618 N
0 Ton 2.118 Ton 2.736 N
0
Y
A Ton 2.736 N
0
Y
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
= +
= +
= | +
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
m * Ton 2.25
X
M
: obtenemos
X
M a despej ando
0
X
M m * Ton 2.25
0
X
M m 3 Ton 2.118 m 1.5 Ton 2.736 -
0
X
M m 3
Y
A m 1.5 Ton 2.736 -
0
X
M
=
=
= +
= +
= +
A
B
3 m
C
M
V
N
AY
AY
1.5 m
P=2.736 T
1.5 Ton
3 m
Ton 0
X
V
: obtenemos
X
V a despej ando
0
X
V Ton 1.5 - Ton 1.5
0
X
V Ton 1.5
X
A
0
X
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
=
=
=
+

MOMENTO FLEXIONANTE

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 0.618 N
0 Ton 2.118 Ton 2.736 N
0
Y
A Ton 2.736 N
0
Y
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
= +
= +
= | +
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) m * Ton 0 4.5 3 1.5
3 Y
M
m * Ton 2.25 4.5 1.5 1.5
1.5 Y
M
4.5 1.5Y
Y
M
: obtenemos
Y
M a despej ando
0
Y
M 1.5Y m * Ton 4.5
0
X
M m * Ton 2.25 Y Ton 1.5 m * Ton 6.354 m * Ton 4.104 -
0
X
M 1.5 Y Ton 1.5 m 3
Y
A m 1.5 Ton 2.736 -
0
X
M
= + =
=
= + =
=
+ =
=
= + +
= +
= +

MOMENTO FLEXIONANTE

DE CHIAPAS
M
(Ton*m)
4.5
(-)
(-)
(-)
4.5
2.25
2.25
V (Ton)
(-)
(-)
(-)
(-)
2.118
0.618 0.618
1.5
N (Ton)
(-)
(-)
(-)
1.5
0.618 2.118

Diagramas de los elementos mecnicos

Fig. 2.1.8 diagrama momento flexionante.

Fig. 2.1.9 diagrama fuerza corteante.

Fig. 2.1.10 diagrama fuerza normal.

DE CHIAPAS
C
3 m
3 m
P=1.368 T
1.5 m
P=0.684 T P=0.684 T
w=2.5 Ton/m
A
B
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
Ton 0.118
Y
C
: obtenemos
Y
C a despej ando
0 Ton 0.118
Y
C
0
Y
C Ton 0.684 - Ton 1.368 Ton 0.684 Ton 2.618
: obtemos
ecuaci on esta en
Y
D de val or el do susti tuyen
0
Y
C Ton 0.684 - Ton 1.368 Ton 0.684
Y
A
0
y
F
Ton 2.618
m 3
m * Ton 7.854
Y
A
: obtenemos
Y
A a despej ando
0 m 3
Y
A m * Ton 7.854
0 m 3
Y
A m 1.0 Ton 3.75 m 1.5 Ton 1.368 m 3.0 Ton 0.684 -
0
A
M
=
=
= +
= +
= | +
= =
= +
= +
= +

EJERCICIO 2.- Analizar el siguiente marco el cual se encuentra sometido a las
siguientes fuerzas externas.


DE CHIAPAS
Ton 3.75
X
A
: obtenemos
X
A a despej ando
0 Ton 3.75
X
A
0
X
F
=
=
=
+

C
M
N
V
CY
CX
Y
w=2.5 Ton/m
3) < < x (0 B - C TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO
Fig. 2.2.2 diagrama de cuerpo
libre.
A B
C
3 m
3 m
P=1.368 T
AY
CY
CX
1.5 m
P=0.684 T P=0.684 T
P=3.75 T
1.0 m
Fig. 2.2.3 diagrama de cuerpo
libre.
( )
( )
( )
0
3 Y
V
Ton 2.81
1.5 Y
V
Ton 3.75
0 Y
V
2L
2
Y 2.5
3.75 V
0 V
2L
2
Y 2.5
3.75
0 V
2L
2
Y 2.5
X
C
0
X
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
+

DE CHIAPAS
0) x (1.5 A - B TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO > >
Ton 0.118
Y
C N
0
Y
C N
0
Y
F
NORMAL FUERZA
= =
= +
= | +
B
C
X
3 m
CY
P=0.684 Ton
1.0 m
CX
M
N
V
P=3.75 Ton
( )
( )
( )
( )
m * Ton 3.75
3 Y
M
m * Ton 4.68
1.5 Y
M
0.00
0 Y
M
m 18
3
Ton/mY 5
Y Ton 3.75
Y
M
0 M
3m 6
3
2.5Y
Y Ton 3.75 -
0 M Y
3
2
2L
2
2.5Y
Y
Y
C -
0
Y
M
E FLEXIONANT MOMENTO
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
= + +
= + +
=
+
Fig. 2.2.4 tramo B-A (1.5 x 0).

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 0.00 N
0 Ton 3.75 Ton 3.75 N
0 Ton 3.75
X
C N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
= +
= +
=
+

Ton 0.566 V
0 V Ton 0.684 Ton 0.118
0 V Ton 0.684
Y
C
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
=
=
= | +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
m * Ton 2.901
1.5 X
M
m * Ton 3.75
0 X
M
m * Ton 3.75 X Ton -0.566
X
M
: obtenemos
X
M a despej ando
0 M 3 Ton 3.75 2 Ton 3.75 X Ton 0.684 X Ton 0.118 -
0 M 3
X
C 2 Ton 3.75 X 0.684 X
Y
C -
0
Y
M
=
=
=
=
+ =
= + + +
= + + +
=
+

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 1.934 V
0 1.368Ton Ton 0.684 0.118 V -
0 1.368Ton Ton 0.684
Y
C V -
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
= +
= +
= | +
B
C
X
P=1.368 Ton
CY
1.5 m
P=0.684 Ton
P=3.75 Ton
1.0 m
CX
M
N
V
3 m
1.5) x (3 A - B TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO > >
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
m * Ton 0.00
3 X
M
m * Ton 2.901
1.5 X
M
m * Ton 5.802 X 1.934
X
M
0 M m * Ton 5.802 X Ton 1.934
0 M m * Ton 2.052 x Ton 1.368 - m * Ton 3.75 X Ton 0.566 -
0 M 1.5 x Ton 1.368 3 Ton 3.75 2 Ton 3.75 X Ton 0.684 X Ton 0.118 -
0 M 1.5 x Ton 1.368 3
X
C 2 Ton 3.75 X Ton 0.684 X
Y
C -
0
X
M
=
=
=
=
+ =
= +
= + + +
= + + + +
= + + + +
=
+
Fig. 2.2.5 tramo B-A (3 x 1.5).

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 0.00 N
0 Ton 3.75 Ton 3.75 N
0 Ton 3.75
X
C N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
= +
= +
=
+

M
(Ton*m)
2.901 3.75
3.75



DE CHIAPAS
V (Ton)
3.75
0.566
1.934
(-)
(+)
N (Ton)
(-)
0.118

Fig. 2.2.7 diagrama fuerza cortante.


DE CHIAPAS
w=2.85 Ton/m
D
4 m
2.5 m
P=2.75 Ton
A
C
P=1.8 Ton
2 m
2 m
B
P=11.40 Ton
2 m
D
4 m
2.5 m
P=2.75 Ton
A
C
P=1.8 Ton
2 m
2 m
AY
DY
DX
B

EJERCICIO 3.- Hallar las reacciones y los elementos mecnicos que actan
sobre el marco de la fig. 2.3.1.

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 0.95
X
D
: obtenemos
X
D a despej ando
0 Ton 1.8 Ton 2.75
X
D -
0
y
F
=
= +
=
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
Ton 7.55
Y
D
: obtenemos
Y
D a despej ando
0 Ton 7.55
Y
D
0
Y
D Ton 11.40 Ton 3.85
: obtemos
ecuaci on esta en
Y
A de val or el do susti tuyen
0
Y
D Ton 11.4
Y
A
0
y
F
Ton 3.85
m 4
m * Ton 15.40
Y
A
: obtenemos
Y
A a despej ando
0 m * Ton 22.8 m * Ton 3.6 m * Ton 11 m 4.0
Y
A
0 m 2 Ton 11.4 m 2 Ton 1.8 m 4 Ton 2.75 m 4.0
Y
A
0
D
M
=
=
= +
= +
= | +
= =
= +
= +
=
+


DE CHIAPAS
Ton 3.85
Y
A N
0
Y
A N
0
y
F
NORMAL FUERZA
= =
= +
= | +
0
X
M
0
X
M
0 V
0
X
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
=
=
=
+

A
M
V
N
AY
+

DE CHIAPAS
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton 7.55 m 4 Ton/m 2.85 Ton 3.85
3 X
V
Ton 1.85 m 2 Ton/m 2.85 Ton 3.85
0 X
V
Ton 3.85 m 0 Ton/m 2.85 Ton 3.85
0 X
V
X Ton/m 2.85 Ton 3.85
X
V
0 V X Ton/m 2.85 Ton 3.85
0
X
V WX
Y
A
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
= | +
A
M
V
N
AY
w=2.85 T/m
C
B
X
2.5 m
P=2.75 Ton
X/2

DE CHIAPAS
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) m * Ton 7.4
2
m 4 Ton/m 1.425 m 4 Ton 3.85
4 X
M
m * Ton 1.98
2
m 2 Ton/m 1.425 m 2 Ton 3.85
2 X
M
m * Ton 0
0 X
M
2
X Ton/m 1.425 X Ton 3.85
X
M
: obtenemos
X
M a despej ando
0
X
M
2
Ton/mX 1.425 X Ton 3.85
0
X
M
2
X
2
2.85Ton/m
X 3.85
0
X
M
2
X
WX X
Y
A
0
X
M
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
Ton 2.75 N
0 Ton 2.75 N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
= +
=
+

DE CHIAPAS
2) Y (0 D - C TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO < <
Ton 7.55 N
0 N - Ton 11.40 - Ton 3.85
0 N - Ton 11.40 -
Y
A
0
Y
F
=
=
=
= | +
NORMAL FUERZA
P=11.40 Ton
2 m
4 m
2.5 m
P=2.75 Ton
A
C
AY
B
M
V
N
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) m * Ton 1.90 m * Ton 7.40 m 2 Ton 2.75
2 Y
M
m * Ton -7.4
0 Y
M
m * Ton 7.40 Y Ton 2.75
Y
M
0 M m * Ton 7.40 Y Ton 2.75
0 M m * Ton 22.80 Y Ton 2.75 m 4 Ton 3.85
0 M m 2 Ton 11.40 Y Ton 2.75 m 4
Y
A
0
X
M
= =
=
=
=
=
=
= +
= +
=
+

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 2.75 V
0 V Ton 2.75
0
X
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
=
=
+

4) Y (2 D - C TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO < <
Ton 0.95 V
0 V 1.80Ton Ton 2.75
0
X
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
=
=
+

P=11.40 Ton
2 m
4 m
2.5 m
P=2.75 Ton
A
C
P=1.8 Ton
2 m
AY
B
M
V
N
Y

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 7.55 N
0 N - Ton 11.40 - Ton 3.85
0 N - Ton 11.40 -
Y
A
0
Y
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
=
=
= | +
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) m * Ton 0.0 m * Ton 3.80 m 4 Ton 0.95
4 Y
M
m * Ton -3.80
2 Y
M
m * Ton 3.80 Y Ton 0.95
Y
M
: obtenemos
Y
M a despej ando
0
Y
M m * Ton 3.8 Y Ton 0.95
0
Y
M m * 3.6Ton Y 1.8Ton m * Ton 22.80 Y Ton 2.75 m 4 Ton 3.85
0
Y
M 2 Y Ton 1.8 m 2 Ton 11.40 Y Ton 2.75 m 4
Y
A
0
X
M
= =
=
=
=
=
=
= + +
= +
=
+
M
(Ton*m)
7.4
7.4
(-)
(-)


Fig. 2.3.7 diagrama momento flexionante

DE CHIAPAS
7.4
7.55
(-)
3.85
2.75
(-)
(-)
(-)
N (Ton)
7.4
2.75
(-)
(-)
V (Ton)
3.85
7.55



DE CHIAPAS
W=3.5 Ton/m
D
5 m
6 m
A
C
2 m
B
2 m
P=1.3 Ton
Q=3.25 Ton/m
P=17.5 Ton
D
5 m
6 m
A
C
2 m
B
4 m
P=1.3 Ton
P=9.75 Ton
AY
DY
DX
45


DIAGRAMA DE CUERPO LIBRE

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 8.83
X
D
: obtenemos
X
D a despej ando
0 Ton 9.75 45 cos Ton 1.3
X
D
0
y
F
=
= +
=
+

( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
Ton 9.252
Y
D
: obtenemos
Y
D a despej ando
0 Ton 9.252
Y
D
0
Y
D Ton 17.5 - Ton 0.919 Ton 9.162
: obtenemos
ecuaci on esta en
Y
0
Y
D Ton 17.5 45 Tonsen 1.3
Y
A
0
y
F
Ton 9.162
m 7
m * Ton 64.169
Y
A
: obtenemos
Y
A a despej ando
0 m * Ton 64.169 m 7.0
Y
A
0 m * 19.5Ton m * Ton 43.75 m * Ton 5.515 m * Ton 4.596 m 7.0
Y
A
0 m 2 9.75Ton m 2.5 Ton 17.5 m 6 45 sen Ton 1.3 m 5 45 cos Ton 1.3 m 7.0
Y
A
0
D
M
=
=
= +
= +
= | +
= =
=
= +
= +
= +


DE CHIAPAS
Ton 6.482 45 Tonsen 9.167 45 sen
Y
A N
0 45 sen
Y
A N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
= = =
= +
=
+

/2) 8 x (0 B - A TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO < <
A
AY
M
V
N
45
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( ) m * Ton 9.139 1.41 45 sen 9.167Ton
1.41 X
M
0 0 45 sen 9.167Ton
0 X
M
X 45 sen 9.167Ton
X
M
: obtenemos M a despej ado
0 M X 45 sen 9.167Ton
0 M X 45 sen
y
A
0
X
M
Ton 6.482 45 cos * 9.167Ton 45 cos
Y
A V
0 45-V cos
Y
A
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
= = =
=
= | +
+

DE CHIAPAS
) 8 x /2 8 ( B - A TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO < <
( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )( ) m * Ton 16.49
2
8
8 1.3Ton 8 45 sen 9.167Ton
1.41 X
M
m * Ton 9.139
2
8
2
8
1.3Ton
2
8
45 sen 9.167Ton
2
8
X
M
2
8
X 1.3Ton X 45 sen 9.167Ton
X
M
0 M
2
8
X 1.3Ton X 45 sen 9.167Ton
0 M
2
8
X 1.3Ton X 45 sen
y
A
0
X
M
Ton 5.56 45 cos * 1.3Ton - 9.167Ton
45 cos 45-1.3 cos
Y
A V
0 45-V cos 45-1.3 cos
Y
A
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
= =
= =
=
= | +
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
A
B
P=1.3 Ton
AY
45
M
V
N

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 6.482 45 Tonsen 9.167 45 sen
Y
A N
0 45 sen
Y
A N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
= = =
= +
=
+

) 7 x (2 C - B TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO < <
A
P=1.3 Ton
AY
45
W=3.5 Ton/m
B
M
V
N
C
X
X/2
2 m
( ) Ton 5.56 45 cos * 1.3Ton - 9.167Ton
45 cos 45-1.3 cos
Y
A V
0 45-V cos 45-1.3 cos
Y
A
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
= =
=
= | +

DE CHIAPAS
Ton -0.919 45 cos Ton 1.3 N
0 45 cos Ton 1.3 N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
= =
= +
=
+

D - C TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO
P=17.5 Ton
5 m
A
C
2 m
B
y
P=1.3 Ton
AY
45
M
V
N
2L
3.25X
q
2
=
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )
m * Ton 13.984
2
2 7 Ton 45-1.75 cos 1.3Ton 1 7 45 sen 1.3Ton 7m 45 sen 9.167Ton
7 X
M
m * Ton 26.177
2
2 4.5 Ton 45-1.75 cos 1.3Ton 1 4.5 45 sen 1.3Ton 4.5m 45 sen 9.167Ton
4.5 X
M
m * Ton 16.49
2
2 2 Ton 45-1.75 cos 1.3Ton 1 2 45 sen 1.3Ton 2m 45 sen 9.167Ton
2 X
M
2
2 X Ton 45-1.75 cos 1.3Ton 1 X 45 sen 1.3Ton X 45 sen 9.167Ton
X
M
0 M
2
2 X Ton 1.75 m 1 45 cos 1.3Ton 1 X 45 sen 1.3Ton X 9.167Ton
0 M
2
2 X
2 X W m 1 45 cos 1.3Ton 1 X 45 sen 1.3Ton X
y
A
0
X
M
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

=
|
.
|
\
|
+

DE CHIAPAS
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) m * Ton 0.05
3
6 0.090 m * Ton 14.90 1 6 0.919Ton
6 Y
M
m * Ton 14.308
3
3 0.090 m * Ton 14.90 1 3 0.919Ton
3 Y
M
m * Ton 13.981
3
o 0.090 m * Ton 14.90 1 0 0.919Ton
0 Y
M
3
0.090Y m * Ton 14.90 1 Y 0.919Ton
Y
M
0 M
3
0.090Y m * Ton 14.90 1 Y 0.919Ton
0 M
3 6 2
3
3.25TonY
m * Ton 43.75 m * Ton 5.515 1 Y 0.919Ton m 7 9.167Ton
0 M
3
Y
2L
2
QY
m 2.5 Ton 17.5 m 6 45 sen 1.3Ton 1 Y 45 cos 1.3Ton m 7
y
A
0
Y
M
Ton 8.801
2
m 6
2
Ton/m 0.27 - Ton 0.919
6 Y
V
Ton 1.511
2
m 3
2
Ton/m 0.27 - Ton 0.919
3 Y
V
Ton 0.919
2
0m
2
Ton/m 0.27 - Ton 0.919
0 Y
V
2
Y
2
Ton/m 0.27 - Ton 0.919 V
0 V -
2L
2
Y Ton/m 3.25
45- cos 1.3
0
X
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= + =
=
= + =
=
= + =
=
+ =
= +
= +
= +
=
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
+
|
.
|
\
|

+
Ton -9.25 n 45-17.5To cos Ton 1.3
Y
A N
0 n 45-17.5To sen Ton 1.3 N -
Y
A
0
Y
F
NORMAL FUERZA
= =
=
= | +

DE CHIAPAS
M
(Ton*m)
16.49
(+)
(+)
(+)
13.98
13.98
16.49
(+)
8.25
0.92
6.48
V (Ton)
5.18
9.25
8.83
(+)
(-)
(+)
(+)
(-)
(+)
0.92
6.48
N (Ton)
9.25
(+)
(-)
(-)


Fig. 2.4.6 diagrama momento flexionante

Fig. 2.4.7 diagrama fuerza cortante

Fig. 2.4.8 diagrama fuerza normal

DE CHIAPAS
A
B
C
8 m
8 m
w
=
3
.
0
5

T
/
m
8 m
w
=
3
.
0
5

T
/
m
A
B
C
8 m
4 m
8 m
AY CY
CX
45
P=34.5 Ton
45
P=34.5 Ton
8 m
4 m 4 m



DE CHIAPAS
Ton 0
X
C
: obtenemos
X
C a despej ando
0 45 cos Ton 34.5 45 cos Ton 34.5
X
C -
0
y
F
=
= +
=
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
Ton 24.4
Y
C
: obtenemos
Y
C a despej ando
0 Ton 24.4
Y
C
0
Y
C Ton 48.8 Ton 24.4
: obtenemos
ecuaci on esta en
Y
0
Y
D 45 sen Ton 45-34.5 sen Ton 34.5
Y
A
0
y
F
Ton 24.40
m 16
m * Ton 390.313
Y
A
: obtenemos
Y
A a despej ando
0 m * Ton 292.739 m * Ton 97.579 m 16
Y
A
0 45 cos m * Ton 138 45 sen m * Ton 414 45 cos m * Ton 138 45 sen m * Ton 138 m 16
Y
A
0 m 4 45 cos Ton 34.5 m 12 45 sen Ton 34.5 m 4 45 cos Ton 34.5 m 4 45 sen Ton 34.5 m 16
Y
A
0
D
M
=
=
= +
= +
= | +
= =
=
= +
= +
= +


DE CHIAPAS
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton -17.251 m 11.313 Ton/m 45-3.05 sen * 24.4Ton
11.313 X
V
Ton -7.147 m 8 Ton/m 45-3.05 sen * 24.4Ton
8 X
V
Ton 5.053 m 4 Ton/m 45-3.05 sen * 24.4Ton
4 X
V
Ton 17.25 X Ton/m 45-3.05 sen * 24.4Ton
0 X
V
45-3.05X sen * 24.4Ton 45-WX sen
Y
A V
0 V - 45-WX sen
Y
A
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
= | +
( )( )
( )( )
( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( ) m * Ton 0.01
2
m 11.313 Ton/m 1.525 m 11.313 45 sen 24.40Ton
11.313 X
M
m * Ton 40.425
2
m 8 Ton/m 1.525 m 8 45 sen 24.40Ton
8 X
M
m * Ton 44.612
2
m 4 Ton/m 1.525 m 4 45 sen 24.40Ton
4 X
M
0
2
0 Ton/m 1.525 0 45 sen 24.40Ton
0 X
M
2
X Ton/m 1.525 X 45 sen 24.40Ton
X
M
0 M
2
2
X Ton/m 3.05
X 45 sen 24.4Ton
0
X
M
2
2
WX
X 45 sen
y
A
0
X
M
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
= +
A
w
=
3
.
0
5

T
/
m
AY
45
M
V
N
X
4
5

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 17.253 45 cos Ton 24.40 45 cos
Y
A N
0 45 cos
Y
A N
0
Y
F
NORMAL FUERZA
= = =
= +
= | +

NOTA: debido a la simetra de la estructura, el elemento B-C presenta las
mismas condiciones mecnicas del elemento A-B.

DE CHIAPAS
M
(Ton*m)
V (Ton)
17.25
17.25
17.25
17.25
(-)
(-)
(+)
(+)
(-) (-)
N (Ton)
17.25
17.25





DE CHIAPAS
W
=
3

T
o
n
/
m
D
10m
9 m
A
C
B
W
=
4
.
5

T
o
n
/
m
Q=3.75 Ton/m
6m
3 m
P=31.32 Ton
D
10m
9 m
A
C
B
P=27
Ton 6m
P=16.875
Ton
16.699
AY
CY
AX
5 m


DE CHIAPAS
Ton 19.123
X
C
: obtenemos
X
C a despejando
0
X
A Ton 19.123 -
0
X
A 16.699 sen Ton 31.32 - Ton 27 - Ton 16.875 -
0
y
F
=
= +
= +
=
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
Ton 24.785
Y
D
: obtenemos
Y
D a despej ando
0 Ton 24.785
Y
D
0
Y
D 16.699 cos Ton 31.32 Ton 5.21
: obtenemos
ecuaci on esta en
Y
0
Y
D 16.699 cos Ton 31.32
Y
A
0
y
F
Ton 5.21
m 10
m * Ton 52.12
Y
A
: obtenemos
Y
D a despej ando
0 m 10
Y
D m * Ton 52.12
0 m 10
Y
D m * Ton 81 m * 67.486Ton m * Ton 149.99 m * Ton 50.625
0 m 10
Y
D m 3 Ton 27 m 7.5 16.699 sen 31.32Ton m 5 16.699 cos Ton 31.32 m 3 Ton 16.875
0
A
M
=
=
= +
= +
= | +
= =
=
= +
= +
=
+

DE CHIAPAS
Y
A
AY
AX
M
V
N
Ton 24.785 Ton 24.785
Y
A N
0
Y
A N
0
Y
F
NORMAL FUERZA
= = =
= +
= | +
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton 35.971
2
m 9
2
Ton/m 45-3.05 sen * 24.4Ton
9 Y
V
Ton 26.611
2
m 6
2
Ton/m 0.208 - 19.123Ton
6 Y
V
Ton 20.995
2
m 3
2
Ton/m 0.208 - 19.123Ton
3 Y
V
Ton -19.123
2
0
2
Ton/m 0.208 - 19.123Ton
0 Y
V
2
Y
2
Ton/m 0.208 - 19.123Ton
2L
2
QX
-
X
A V
0 V
2L
2
QY
X
A
0
X
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
= =
= + +
=
+

Fig. 2.6.3 tramo A-B .

DE CHIAPAS
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) m * Ton -273.438
3
m 9
2
Ton/m 0.139 m 9 19.123Ton
9 X
M
m * Ton -144.762
3
m 6
2
Ton/m 0.139 m 6 19.123Ton
6 X
M
m * Ton -61.122
3
m 3
2
Ton/m 0.139 m 3 19.123Ton
3 X
M
0
3
m 0
2
Ton/m 0.139 m 0 19.123Ton
0 X
M
3
Y
2
Ton/m 0.139 Y 19.123Ton
Y
M
0 M
6L
3
Y 7.5Ton/m
Y 19.123Ton -
0 M Y
3
2
2L
2
QY
Y
X
A -
0
Y
M
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
+
W
=
3

T
o
n
/
m
A
AY
AX
3 m
P=16.875
Ton
M
V
N
16.699
X
/
2
9 m
B

DE CHIAPAS
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton 2.761 m 10.44 Ton/m 3 - 34.081Ton
10.44 X
V
Ton 7.081 m 9 Ton/m 3 - 34.081Ton
9 X
V
Ton 16.081 m 6 Ton/m 3 - 34.081Ton
6 X
V
Ton 25.081 m 3 Ton/m 3 - 34.081Ton
3 X
V
Ton 34.081 m 0 Ton/m 3 - 34.081Ton
0 X
V
X Ton/m 3 34.081Ton V
0 V X Ton/m 3 34.081Ton
0 V X Ton/m 3 16.699 cos Ton 24.785 16.699 sen Ton 19.123 Ton 4.848
0 V WX 16.699 cos
Y
A 16.699 sen
X
A 16.699 sen Ton 16.875
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
= + +
= + +
= | +
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) m * Ton -80.968
2
m 10.44 Ton/m 1.5 m 10.44 Ton 34.088 Ton 273.357
10.44 X
M
m * Ton -88.065
2
m 9 Ton/m 1.5 m 9 Ton 34.088 Ton 273.357
9 X
M
m * Ton -122.829
2
m 6 Ton/m 1.5 m 6 Ton 34.088 Ton 273.357
6 X
M
m * Ton -184.593
2
m 3 Ton/m 1.5 m 3 Ton 34.088 Ton 273.357
3 X
M
Ton 273.357
2
m 0 Ton/m 1.5 m 0 Ton 34.088 Ton 273.357
0 X
M
2
X Ton/m 1.5 X Ton 34.088 Ton 273.357 M
0 M
2
X Ton 1.5 m * Ton 273.357 X Ton 34.088
0 M
2
X 1.5Ton X Ton 5.497
X Ton 4.851 m 9 19.123Ton m * Ton 101.25 X 16.699 cos Ton 24.785
0 M
2
X
WX X 16.699 sen Ton 19.123
X 16.699 sen Ton 16.875 m 9
X
A m) (6 Ton 16.875 X 16.699 cos
Y
A
0
Y
M
= + =
=
= + =
=
= + =
=
= + =
=
= + =
=
+ =
=
= +
+
= +
+
=
|
.
|
\
|
+

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 27.357 N
0 N Ton 27.357
0 N Ton 7.120 - Ton 18.316 Ton 16.162
0 N 16.699 sen Ton 24.785 -
16.699 cos Ton 19.123 16.699 cos Ton 16.875
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
= +
= + +
= +
+
=
+

IZQUIERDA DERECHA A DE
3) Y (0 D - C TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO s s
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton 27 m 3 Ton/m 4.5
0 Y
V
0 0 Ton/m 4.5
0 Y
V
Y Ton/m 4.5
Y
V
0
Y
V Y Ton/m 4.5
0
X
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
=
= +
=
+

D
C
W
=
4
.
5

T
o
n
/
m
6m
DY
M
V
N

Para mayor simplicidad conviene analizar el tramo C-D de derecha a izquierda.


DE CHIAPAS
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) m * Ton 81
2
6 Ton 2.25
6 Y
M
0
2
0 Ton 2.25
0 Y
M
2
Y Ton 2.25
Y
M
0
Y
M
2
Y Ton 2.25
0
Y
M
2
2
Y
Ton 4.5
0
Y
M
2
Y
Y W
0
Y
M
= =
=
= =
=
=
= +
= +
= +
= +
Ton 24.785 N
0 N Ton 24.785
0 N
Y
D
0
Y
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
= +
= +
= | +

DE CHIAPAS
M
(Ton*m)
273.35
(-)
(-)
80.96
273.35
80.96
V (Ton)
16.12
54.08
2.76
27
35.97
(+)
(-)
(+)
(+)




DE CHIAPAS
N (Ton)
(-)
(-)
(-)
27.35
24.78
5.21


DE CHIAPAS
3 m
W= 5 Ton/m
12 m
C B
5 m
2 m
A
D 2.5 m 2.5 m
( ) ( )
Ton 13.54
m 12
m * Ton 162.5
Y
A
0 m 6.5 Ton 25 m 12
Y
A
0
D
M
= =
= +
=
Ton 11.46
Y
D
0 Ton 25
Y
D Ton 13.54
0 Ton 25
Y
D
Y
A
0
Y
F
=
= +
= +
= | +
0
x
D
0
X
F
=
=
+

+


Clculo de reacciones. Del diagrama de cuerpo libre podemos obtener los
siguientes datos:

DE CHIAPAS
P= 25 Ton
3 m
12 m
C
B
5 m
2 m
A
D
2.5 m 2.5 m
AY
DY
DX
D
DY
DX
51.34
M
V
N
x
Fig. 2.7.3 tramo D-C.



Para este marco empezaremos a analizar cada tramo entrando por la
derecha iniciando as con el elemento C-D.

PRIMER TRAMO 0 X 6.4031

DE CHIAPAS
x
C
5 m
D
4 m
DY
DX
W= 5 Ton/m
( )
2
4 x
M
V
N
Fig. 2.7.4 tramo C-B.
Ton 7.159 V
51.34 cos Ton 11.46 51.34 cos
Y
D V
0 V 51.34 cos
Y
D
0
X
F
=
= =
= +
=
+

( )
( )
( )
( ) m * Ton 45.83 m 6.4031 51.34 cos Ton 11.46
6.4031 X
M
0 0 51.34 cos Ton 11.46
0 X
M
X 51.34 cos Ton 11.46 M
0 M X 51.34 cos
Y
D
0
X
M
= =
=
= =
=
=
= +
=
Ton 8.94 N
51.34 sen Ton 11.46 51.34 sen
Y
D N
0 N 51.34 sen
Y
D
0
Y
F
=
= =
= +
= | +
+

SEGUNDO TRAMO 4 X 9

DE CHIAPAS
0 N -
0
X
F
=
=
+

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) m * Ton 40.64
2
4 9 Ton/m 2.5 m 9 Ton 11.46
6.4031 X
M
m * Ton 45.84
2
4 4 Ton/m 2.5 m 4 Ton 11.46
4 X
M
2
4 X Ton/m 2.5 X Ton 11.46
2
2
4 X 5
X Ton 11.46 M
0 M
2
4 X
4 X W X
Y
D
0
X
M
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
= +
+
=
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) Ton 13.54 4 9 Ton/m 5 Ton 11.46
9 X
V
Ton 11.46 4 4 Ton/m 5 Ton 11.46
4 X
V
4 X Ton/m 5 Ton 11.46 4 X W
Y
D V
0 V 4 X W
Y
D
0
Y
F
= + =
=
= + =
=
+ = + =
= +
= | +
+

DE CHIAPAS
A
AY
M
V
N
x
45
Ton 9.57 V
45 cos Ton 13.54 45 cos
Y
A V
0 V 45 cos
Y
A -
0
X
F
=
= =
= +
=
+

( )
( )
( )
( ) m * Ton 40.59 m 4.24 45 cos Ton 13.54
4.24 X
M
0 0 45 cos 13.54Ton
0 X
M
X 45 cos Ton 13.54 M
0 M X 45 cos
Y
A
0
X
M
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
Ton 9.57 N
Ton 9.57 45 sen
Y
A N
0 N 45 sen
Y
A
0
Y
F
=
= =
= +
= | +
+

Resulta ms prctico analizar este tramo de izquierda a derecha.

SEGUNDO TRAMO 0 X 4.2426

DE CHIAPAS
40.625
M
(Ton*m)
40.625
45.83
45.83
(+)
(+)
(+)
(-)
V (Ton)
9.575
13.542
7.158
(-)
(+)
(+)




DE CHIAPAS
N (Ton)
(+)
(+)
9.575
8.947


DE CHIAPAS
D
6 m
A
4 m
B
C
1.167 m
1.167 m
P=7.5 Ton P=7.525 Ton
P=10 Ton
2 m
2.333 m
0.833 m
CY
DX
DY
W
=
2
.
5

T
o
n
/
m
D
6 m
A
Q=6 Ton/m
6m
B
C
2.5 m 3.5 m
P=7.525 Ton
2.333 m


DE CHIAPAS
Ton 10
X
A
: obtenemos
X
A a despej ando
0
X
A Ton 10
0
X
A - Ton 10
0
y
F
=
=
=
=
+

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
Ton 4.269
Y
D
: obtenemos
Y
D a despej ando
0 Ton 4.269
Y
D
0
Y
D Ton 19.29 Ton 7.525 Ton 7.5 -
: obtenemos
ecuaci on esta en
Y
0
Y
D
Y
C Ton 7.525 Ton 7.5 -
0
y
F
Ton 19.29
m 3.5
m * Ton 57.870
Y
C
: obtenemos
Y
C a despej ando
0 m 3.5
Y
C m * Ton 57.870
0 m 3.5
Y
C m 2 Ton 10 m 5.1667 Ton 7.5 m 1.667 Ton 7.525 -
0
A
M
=
=
= + +
= + +
= | +
= =
= +
= +
= +


DE CHIAPAS
0 N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
=
+

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton 7.5
2
m 2.5
2
Ton/m 1.2
2.5 X
V
Ton 0
2
0
2
Ton/m 1.2
0 X
V
2
X
2
Ton/m 1.2 V
0 V
m 2.5 2
2
X Ton/m 6
0 V
2L
2
X /m Ton 6
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
= | +
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) m * Ton -12.5
3
m 2.5
2
Ton/m 80 . 0
2.5 X
M = =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
|
.
|
\
|
0
3
0
2
Ton/m 0.80
0 X
M
3
X
2
Ton/m 0.80
X
M
: obtenemos
X
M a despej ado
0 M
6L
2
X Ton/m 12
0 M X
3
2
2L
2
X Ton/m 6
0
Y
M +
A
M
V
N
x
Q=6 Ton/m

MOMENTO FLEXIONANTE

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 19.29
Y
C N
0
Y
C N
0
Y
F
NORMAL FUERZA
= =
= +
= | +
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton -10 m 4 Ton/m 19.29
4 Y
V
Ton -5 m 2 Ton/m 19.29
2 Y
V
Ton 0 m 0 Ton/m 19.29
0 Y
V
Y Ton/m 19.29 -WY V
0 V WY
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
= =
= +
=
+

( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) m * Ton 10
2
m 4 Ton/m -1.25
4 Y
M
m * Ton 5
2
m 2 Ton/m -1.25
2 Y
M
0 0 Ton/m -1.25
0 Y
M
2
Y Ton/m -1.25 M
0 M
2
2
Y Ton/m 2.5
0 M
2
2
WY
0
Y
M
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
2
+
W
=
2
.
5

T
o
n
/
m
CY
Y
M
V
N

DE CHIAPAS
Fig. 2.8.5 tramo B-D.
Ton 11.79 V
0 V Ton 11.79
0 V Ton 19.29 Ton 7.5 -
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
=
= +
= | +
2.33) X (0 D - B TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO s s
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) m * Ton 4.996 2.5 4.833 19.29Ton 0.833 4.833 Ton 7.5 m * Ton 20
4.833 X
M
m * Ton 32.5025 2.5 2.5 19.29Ton 0.833 2.5 Ton 7.5 m * Ton 20
2.5 X
M
2.5 X 19.29Ton 0.833 X Ton 7.5 m * Ton 20
X
M
0 M 2.5 X 19.29Ton 0.833 X Ton 7.5 m * Ton 20 -
0 M 2.5 X 19.29Ton 0.833 X Ton 7.5 m 2 Ton 10 -
0
X
M
= + =
=
= + =
=
+ =
= +
= +
=
+
P=7.5 Ton
P=10 Ton
CY
2 m
x
0.833 m
M
V
N
2 m
2.5 m
A
B
C

DE CHIAPAS
Ton 10 N
0 Ton 10 N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
= +
=
+

3.5) X (2.33 D - B TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO s s
Ton 4.285 V
0 V Ton 4.285
0 V Ton 19.29 Ton 7.5 - Ton 7.525 -
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
=
= +
= | +
P=7.5 Ton
P=10 Ton
CY
2 m
x
0.833 m
M
V
N
2 m
2.5 m
P=7.525 Ton
2.333 m
A
B
C
Fig. 2.8.6 tramo B-D.

DE CHIAPAS
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
m * Ton 0.0
2.5 4.833 Ton 19.29 4.833 6 Ton 7.525 0.833 4.833 Ton 7.5 m * Ton 20
6 X
M
m * Ton -4.996
2.5 2.5 Ton 19.29 4.833 4.833 Ton 7.525 0.833 2.5 Ton 7.5 m * Ton 20
4.83 X
M
2.5 X 19.29Ton 4.833 X Ton 7.525 0.833 X Ton 7.5 m * Ton 20 M
0 M 4.833 X Ton 7.525 2.5 X 19.29Ton 0.833 X Ton 7.5 m * 20Ton -
0 M 4.833 X Ton 7.525 2.5 X 19.29Ton 0.833 X Ton 7.5 m 2 Ton 10 -
0
X
M
=
+ =
=
=
+ =
=
+ =
= +
= +
= +
Ton 10 N
0 Ton 10 N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
= +
=
+

DE CHIAPAS
(-)
(-)
(-)
32.50
12.5
20
M
(Ton*m)
11.80
4.28
7.5
10
(-)
(-)
(-)
(+)
V (Ton)
10
19.29
(-)
(-)
N (Ton)





DE CHIAPAS
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
Ton 28.912
m 12.50
m * Ton 361.40
Y
F
: obtenemos
Y
F a despej ando
0 m 12.50
Y
F m * Ton 361.40
0 m 12.50
Y
F m 11 Ton 22.40 m 5 Ton 23
0
A
M
= =
=
= +
=
+
5 m
W=2.125 Ton/m
17 m
C B
9 m
3 m
A
D
12.5 m
2.5 m
E
F
10 m
W=4.6 Ton/m
W=3.2 Ton/m


DE CHIAPAS
5 m
P=10.625 Ton
17 m
C B
9 m
3 m
A
D
12.5 m
2.5 m
E
F
7.5 m
P=23 Ton P=22.4 Ton
13.5 m
FX
FY
AY
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Ton 27.113
Y
A
: obtenemos
Y
A a despej ando
0 Ton 27.113
Y
A
0 Ton 28.912
Y
A m 7 Ton/m 3.20 - Ton/m 4.60 m 5 Ton/m 2.125 -
: obtenemos
ecuaci n esta en
Y
F de val or el do susti tuyen
0
Y
F
Y
A m 7 Ton/m 3.20 - Ton/m 4.60 m 5 Ton/m 2.125 -
0
y
F
=
=
= + +
= + +
= | +
0
X
F
0
y
F
=
=
+


DE CHIAPAS
A
AY
M
V
N
67.38
( )
Ton 25.027 N
0 N Ton 25.027
0 N 67.38 sen Ton 27.113
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
= +
= +
=
+

( )
Ton 10.428 V
0 V Ton 10.428
0 V 67.38 cos Ton 27.113
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
=
=
= | +
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( ) m * Ton 67.782 m 6.5 67.38 cos Ton 27.113
5 X
M
m * Ton 0 m 0 67.38 cos Ton 27.113
0 X
M
X 67.38 cos Ton 27.113 M
0 M X 67.38 cos Ton 27.113
0 M X 67.38 cos Ton 27.113
0
X
M
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
+

DE CHIAPAS
W=2.125 Ton/m
M
V
N
X
0 N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
=
+

( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton 5.312 m 2.5 Ton 2.125
2.5 X
V
X Ton 2.125 V
0 V X Ton 2.125 -
0 V X W
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
=
=
=
= | +
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) m * Ton 26.562
2
m 5 Ton/m 1.0625
5 X
M
m * Ton 6.64
2
m 2.5 Ton/m 1.0625
2.5 X
M
m * Ton 0
2
m 0 Ton/m 1.0625
0 X
M
2
X Ton/m 1.0625
X
M
: obtenemos
X
M a despej ando
0 M
2
2
X Ton/m 2.125
0 M
2
X
X W -
0
X
M
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
=
=
+

DE CHIAPAS
P=10.625 Ton
2.5 m
AY
5 m
W=4.6 Ton/m
M
V
N
X
2.5 m
A
B
C
0 N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
=
+

( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton 6.512 5 - 10 Ton 4.6 Ton 16.488
10 X
V
Ton 16.488 5 - 5 Ton 4.6 Ton 16.488
5 X
V
5 - X Ton 4.6 Ton 16.488 V
0 V 5 - X Ton 4.6 - Ton 16.488
0 V 5 - X W Ton 27.113 Ton 10.625
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
= +
= | +
D - C TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) m * Ton 66.16
2
5 - 10 Ton/m 2.3 2.5 - 10 Ton 16.488
10 X
M
m * Ton 68.065
2
5 - 7.5 Ton/m 2.3 2.5 - 7.5 Ton 16.488
7.5 X
M
m * Ton 41.32
2
5 - 5 Ton/m 2.3 2.5 - 5 Ton 16.488
5 X
M
2
5 - X Ton/m 2.3 2.5 - X Ton 16.488
X
M
0 M
2
2
5 - X Ton/m 4.6
2.5 - X Ton 16.488
0
X
M
2
5 - X
5 - X W 2.5 - X Ton 27.113 2.5 - X Ton 10.625 -
0
X
M
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
= +
=
+

DE CHIAPAS
0 N
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
=
+

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton 0.0 10 - 17 Ton 3.2 Ton 22.40
17 X
V
Ton 11.20 10 - 13.5 Ton 3.2 Ton 22.40
13.5 X
V
Ton 22.40 10 - 10 Ton 3.2 Ton 22.40
10 X
V
10 - X Ton 3.2 Ton 22.40 V
0 V 10 - X Ton 3.2 - Ton 22.40
0 V 10 - X W Ton 27.113 Ton 23 - Ton 10.625
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
=
=
= +
= | +
E - D TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO
P=10.625 Ton
2.5 m
AY
5 m
M
V
N
X
2.5 m
A
B
C
P=23 Ton
W=3.2 Ton/m
FY
7.5 m
15 m
Fig. 2.9.6 tramo D-E.

DE CHIAPAS
FY
60.94
M
V
N
F
( )
( )
Ton 14.043 V
0 V Ton 14.043
0 V 60.94 cos Ton 28.912
V 60.94 cos
Y
F
0
Y
F
CORTANTE FUERZA
=
= +
= +
+
= | +
F - D TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
m * Ton 0.0
2
10 - 17 Ton/m 1.6 15 17 Ton 28.912 7.5 - 17 Ton 23 2.5 - 17 Ton 16.488
17 X
M
m * Ton -19.6
2
10 - 13.5 Ton/m 1.6 15 13.5 Ton 28.912 7.5 - 13.5 Ton 23 2.5 - 13.5 Ton 16.488
13.5 X
M
m * Ton -78.4
2
10 - 10 Ton/m 1.6 15 10 Ton 28.912 7.5 - 10 Ton 23 2.5 - 10 Ton 16.488
10 X
M
2
10 - X Ton/m 1.6 15 X Ton 28.912 7.5 - X Ton 23 2.5 - X Ton 16.488
X
M
0 M
2
2
10 - X Ton/m 3.2
15 X Ton 28.912 7.5 - X Ton 23 2.5 - X Ton 16.488
0 M
2
10 - X
10 - X W
15 X Ton 28.912 2.5 - X Ton 27.113 7.5 - X Ton 23 2.5 - X Ton/m 10.625 -
0
X
M
=
+ =
=
=
+ =
=
=
+ =
=
+ =
= +
=
+ +
=
+
Fig. 2.9.7 tramo D-F.

DE CHIAPAS
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( ) m * Ton 144.584 m 10.295 60.94 cos Ton 28.912
10.295 X
M
m * Ton 70.216 m 5 60.94 cos Ton 28.912
5 X
M
m * Ton 0 m 0 60.94 cos Ton 28.912
0 X
M
X 60.94 cos Ton 28.912
X
M
0 M X 60.94 cos Ton 28.912 -
0 M X 60.94 cos
Y
F -
0
X
M
= =
=
= =
=
= =
=
=
= +
= +
=
+
( )
( )
Ton 25.272 N
0 N Ton 25.272
0 N 60.94 sen Ton 28.912
0 N 60.94 sen
Y
F
0
X
F
NORMAL FUERZA
=
= +
= +
= +
=
+

DE CHIAPAS
26.56
(+)
(+)
(-)
(-)
(-)
67.78
41.22
66.16
144.58
78.40
M
(Ton*m)
V (Ton)
(-)
(+)
(-)
(+)
(-)
(+)
16.48
22.4
10.62
10.42
6.51
14.04




DE CHIAPAS
(-)
(-)
25.27
25.27
N (Ton)


DE CHIAPAS
4m
4m
4m
3m
2m
2m
4m
4m
A
B
C
D
E
B
D
rea tributria para
el marco A-E
Fig. 2.10.1 nave industrial.

EJERCICIO 10.- en la estructura siguiente se tiene que el marco A-E soporta
una carga uniformemente repartida debida al viento de 4.5 Ton/m en la parte
superior de ste. Determinar las reacciones en los apoyos as tambin los
elementos mecnicos que actan sobre l.

DE CHIAPAS
D
4 m
C
B
4 m
A
E
W=4.5 T/m
4 m
3 m
4 m
3 m
D
2 m
C
B
A
E
4 m 2 m
AX
AY
EX
EY
P=36 Ton

DE CHIAPAS
( ) ( )( )
Ton 18
m 8
m * Ton 144
Y
A
0 m 4 m 8 Ton 4.5 m 8
Y
A
0
E
M
= =
=
=
( )
( )
Ton 18
Y
E
0
Y
E m 8 Ton/m 4.5 Ton 18
0
Y
E m 8 Ton/m 4.5
Y
A
0
Y
F
=
= +
= +
= | +
AX
AY
A
4 m
3
4
W=4.5 T/m
4 m
3 m
C
B
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
Ton 4
m 9
m * Ton 36
X
A
0 Ton/m 36 m 9
X
A m 4 Ton 18
0 m 2 m 4 Ton/m 4.5 m 9
X
A m 4
Y
A
0
C
M
= =
=
=
=
Ton 4
X
E
0
X
E Ton 4
0
X
E
X
A
0
X
F
=
=
=
=
+

+
+
Fig. 2.10.4 estrcutura idealizada.


DE CHIAPAS
AX
AY
A
M
V
N
Y
4) Y (0 B - A TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO s s
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) m * Ton -16 m 4 Ton -4
m * Ton -12 m 3 Ton -4 M
m * Ton -4 m 2 Ton -4 M
m * Ton -4 m 1 Ton -4 M
0 0 Ton -4 M
Y Ton -4 Y
X
-A M
0 M Y
X
A -
0
C
M
= =
= =
= =
= =
= =
= =
=
=
M
Ton 4 V
0 V Ton 4
0 V
X
A
0
X
F
=
= +
= +
=
+

Ton 1 N
0 N Ton 18
0 N
Y
A
0
X
F
8 =
= +
= +
= | +
+

DE CHIAPAS
AX
AY
A
M
V
N
X
3
4
W=4.5 T/m
4 m
Y
5) Y (0 C - B TRAMO EL ANALIZANDO s s
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton 2.4 4 Ton/m 3.6 Ton 12 V
Ton 4.8 2 Ton/m 3.6 Ton 12 V
Ton 12 0 Ton/m 3.6 Ton 12 V
x Ton/m 3.6 Ton 12 V
36.87 sen 4 36.87 4.5xcos 36.87 18cos V
36.87 sen 4 36.87 cos x 4.5 18 V
sen 4 cos x 4.5 18 V
sen 4 cos x 4.5 18 V
sen
X
F
V cos
Y
F
V V
X
F
V
Y
F
V V
0
X
F
V
Y
F
V V -
0
Y
F
= =
= =
= =
=
=
=
=
=

=
=
+
= | +

DE CHIAPAS
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) Ton/m 0.00
2
4 Ton/m 2.25 4 Ton 15 24Ton/m M
Ton/m 3
2
2 Ton/m 2.25 2 Ton 15 24Ton/m M
Ton/m 24
2
0 Ton/m 2.25 0 Ton 15 24Ton/m M
2
X Ton/m 2.25 X Ton 15 24Ton/m M
2
X Ton/m 2.25 X Ton 18 Ton/m 24 X Ton -3 M
2
X 2.25 X 18 6 x
4
3
-4 M
6 x
4
3
b mx Y ;
2
X Ton/m 2.25 X Ton/m 18 Y Ton/m -4 M
0 M
2
X Ton/m 2.25 X Ton 18 Y Ton 4 -
0 M
2
X
X 4.5 X
Y
A Y
X
A -
0
C
M
= + =
= + =
= + =
+ =
+ =
+ + =
+ = + = + =
= +
= +
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) Ton -3.2 m 4 Ton/m 2.70 Ton 14 N
Ton -8.6 m 2 Ton/m 2.70 Ton 14 N
Ton -14 m 0 Ton/m 2.70 Ton 14 N
x Ton/m 2.70 Ton 14 N
36.87 cos 4 36.87 4.5xsen 36.87 sen 18 N
36.87 cos 4 36.87 sen x 4.5 18 N
cos 4 sen x 4.5 18 N
cos 4 sen x 4.5 18 N
cos
X
F
N sen
Y
F
N N
X
F
N
Y
F
N N
0
X
F
N
Y
F
N N
0
X
F
= + =
= + =
= + =
+ =
=
=
=
=

=
=
+
=
+

+

DE CHIAPAS
24
(+)
(-)
(-)
(+)
(-)
(-)
24 24
24
M
(Ton*m)
(-)
(-)
(+)
(-)
(-)
(+)
18
2.4
12
12
2.4
18
V (Ton)




DE CHIAPAS
(-)
(-) (-)
(-)
3.2
14
4
4
3.2
14
N (Ton)


Capitulo 2

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UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA

Fig. 2.5.3 tramo A-B.

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