pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Free Residual Chlorine Measurement

?
Why measure residual chlorine in drinking water?

04/05/0 4
www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Chlorine Chemistry
Free Chlorine = HOCl + OCl-Combined Chlorine = NH2Cl + NHCl2 + NCl3 Total Chlorine = Combined Chlorine + Free Chlorine

04/05/0 4
www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Chlorine Chemistry

Cl2 + H2O
HOCl

HOCl + H+ + ClH+ + OCl--

04/05/0 4
www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

% Distribution HOCl vs. pH

100 90 80 70 60 % HOCI 50 40 30 20 10 0 4

7 pH

10

04/05/0 4
www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Measurement Methods
Colorimetric Open /Electrode Buffered Amperometric/Polarographic High Resolution Redox pH/ORP Method Galvanic Sensor
04/05/0 4

www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Colorimetric Systems
Operating Principle
Add buffer and indicator solution to a known volume of water. After mixing, measure wavelength of light transmitted through sample to determine color change and thus, amount of free residual chlorine in the sample.
04/05/0 4

www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Colorimetric Systems
Advantages Price. High pH is not a limiting factor. EPA approved DPD measurement. Disadvantages Uses reagents. Must use pumps, valves and capillary tubes. Can only generate a new residual reading every 2 1/2 minutes. High maintenance. No pH or temperature output.
04/05/0 4

www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Open Electrode/Buffered Systems

Operating Principle
A known volume of sample water is pumped into a chamber and buffered to a pH of 4. Two bare electrodes are in contact with the sample inside the chamber and based upon mV readings, a free residual chlorine value is derived.

04/05/0 4
www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Open Electrode/Buffered Systems

Advantages High pH is not a limiting factor.
Disadvantages Use of buffers. Must use pumps and valves. High maintenance. Difficult start-up. No pH or temperature output.

04/05/0 4
www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Amperometric/Polarographic Membrane Sensor

Operating Principle
A sensor consisting of a membrane (which allows HOCL to migrate through it), two dissimilar metal electrodes, and an electrolyte are submersed into the water sample. A free residual chlorine reading is derived based on mV changes experienced by the sensor.
04/05/0 4

www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Amperometric/Polarographic Membrane Sensor

Advantages Ease of use No reagents or buffers added
Disadvantages No pH or temperature compensation (OPTIONAL) No flow regulation No pH or temperature output (OPTIONAL)
04/05/0 4

www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

High Resolution Redox

Operating Principle
Characterize free residual chlorine demand based upon ORP values of the water sample.

04/05/0 4
www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

High Resolution Redox

Advantages In some instances, does a better job of determining residual chlorine demand. Disadvantages Does not measure free residual chlorine directly. Any oxidant present in water sample will be read as an increase in free residual chlorine.
04/05/0 4

www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

IC Controls - pH/ORP Method Operating Principle

Water flows through a Dual Flow Cell consisting of an ORP and a PH sensor. Microprocessor in the analyzer calculates the free residual chlorine (HOCL+OCL-) concentration by using a polynomial formula. This calculation requires the analyzer to know the measured ORP, PH and temperature values.
04/05/0 4

www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

IC Controls - pH/ORP Method

Advantages
No reagents or buffers added. No moving parts. pH and temperature compensated. Easy to set up and calibrate. Multiple measurement readouts/outputs. Dedicated relay control for residual chlorine and pH.

Disadvantages
Does not measure free residual chlorine directly. Any oxidant present in water sample will be read as an increase in free residual chlorine. 04/05/0
4 www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Model 875 Galvanic Free Chlorine

Operating Principle
A sensor consisting of a membrane (which allows Cl2 to migrate through it), two dissimilar metal electrodes, and an electrolyte are submersed into the water sample. A free residual chlorine reading is derived based on mV changes experienced by the sensor.
04/05/0 4
www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Model 875 Galvanic Free Chlorine

Advantages Ease of use No reagents or buffers added Absolute Zero Pretensioned Membrane Cap Galvanic Technology Disadvantages Manual pH compensation (now Available in 876)
04/05/0 4

www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Model 875 Galvanic Free Chlorine

Polarographic vs IC Controls Galvanic What's the difference?

04/05/0 4
www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Polarographic
Applied voltage from the Cathode to the Anode. Reaction of Chlorine at Cathode generates a current. Output can go below zero; a value that does not exist. Therefore, decreased accuracy in calibration and measurement

Anode

Cathode Membrane
Cl2 Cl O O 22 Cl O O 2 2 2
2
www.iccontrols.com

V
04/05/0 4
R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Galvanic
No applied Voltage. Chlorine is the fuel for the battery. Therefore, absolute zero and better accuracy.

Anode

Cathode Membrane
Cl2 Cl O O 22 Cl O O 2 2 2
2
www.iccontrols.com

04/05/0 4

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Recharging the Sensor

Over time the sensor internal will deplete and the membrane and fill solution will need replacement. Historically, this was a difficult process with creases being formed in the membrane and air bubbles in the fill solution which cause inaccurate readings. At times the process could take up to 1 hour to replace a membrane and put a sensor back on line. The model 835 sensor provides ease of use which includes fast, reliable and simple maintenance.

04/05/0 4
www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Pre-Tensioned Membrane Cap

Maintenance is made easy with the Pre-Tensioned Membrane cap. This system ensures there are no air bubbles or creases in the membrane cap which will cause false inaccurate readings.

Membrane Module

Tip Retainer

An easy process that allows recharging and re-installation in less than 5 minutes.

04/05/0 4
www.iccontrols.com

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Model 875 Galvanic Free Chlorine

Galvanic Technology

Absolute Zero
No Reagents Required

Pre-Tensioned Membrane Cap

Proven Technology Superior Design Better Results
www.iccontrols.com

04/05/0 4

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System

R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

pH / ORP Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen Chlorine Standards

Model 875 Galvanic Free Chlorine

875 Analyzer

875 Panel
www.iccontrols.com

835 Galvanic Sensor 04/05/0

4
R1.0 2004 IC CONTROLS

IC Controls 875 Free Available Chlorine System