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In simple algebra, multiplication is the process of calculating the result when a number is taken times.

The result of a multiplication is

called the product of and , and each of the numbers and is called a factor of the product . Multiplication is denoted , ,

, or simply . The symbol is known as the multiplication sign. Normal multiplication is associative, commutative, and distributive.

More generally, multiplication can also be defined for other mathematical objects such as groups, matrices, sets, and tensors.

Karatsuba and Ofman (1962) discovered that multiplication of two digit numbers can be done with a bit complexity of less than using an
algorithm now known as Karatsuba multiplication.

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