Q.1.Consider the following factors: (a).Internal fragmentation, (b).Process table size, (c).I/O o erhead, (d).!ocalit" of reference.

#hich of these factors co$ld be $sed to arg$e for a large %age size, and which co$ld be $sed to arg$e for a smaller %age size& #h"&'( ) ( ) ( ) ( * +, Q.(.#hat is inde- node& .escribe its attrib$te and f$nctionalit"& #rite a sni%%et of code to show how it has been im%lemented. '/ ) 0* 11, Q.2.Consider the following %rogram: while (3456)for7()8 #hat is the danger in r$nning this %rogram on a 59I: machine, and %ro%ose a wa" to limit its ill effect.';, Q.0.O$tline %aging in conte-t of <95/!in$-.'2, Q.;.= small com%$ter has 0 %age frames. = %rocess ma7es the following list of %agereferences: 1, (, 2, 0, 1, 2, (, 1, ;, (, 2, 1, (,;, 1 >ow man" %age fa$lts occ$r, $sing ?I?O and least@recentl"@$sed %age re%lacement algorithms& '; ) ; * 11, Q./.#hen a %rocess o%ens a ?ile, a data str$ct$re called ?ile obAect is created. #hat does this achie e& '2, Q.B.#hat is Celad"Ds anomal"& '2, 9o. of Pages * ( 9o. of Q$estions * 11 Q.+.On #hat Parameter Ea-im$m and Einim$m allocation of frames de%ends, for a %rocesscoming in main memor"& (, Q.F.= s"stem has fo$r %rocesses%18 %(8 %28 %0 and three t"%es of dedicated reso$rces4184(842. 3he e-istence ector is 6* (28(8(). GProcess %1 holds one $nit of 41 and reH$ests one $nit of 4(8 GProcess %( holds two $nits of 4( and reH$ests two $nits of 41 and one $nit of 428 GProcess %2 holds one $nit of 41 and reH$ests one $nit of 4(8 GProcess %0 holds two $nits of 42 and reH$ests one $nit of 41. (a).Com%$te the a ailabilit" ector. '1 mar7, (b).6-%lain whether the s"stem is deadloc7ed& '( mar7s, (c)..etermine whether this state of the s"stem is safe& '1 ) ( ) 2 * /, Q.11.=ss$me that the sched$ler is im%lemented as a %rocess. .escribe a mechanism that wo$ld enable the o%erating s"stem to decide when to r$n the sched$ler %rocess. '0, Q.11.3here are fi e %rocesses with arri al times 1, 1, (, 2, 2 seconds and r$nning times 1,(, (,(, ( seconds, res%ecti el". #hat is the a erage t$rnaro$nd time $sing& (a).4o$nd@robin (b).?irst@come@?irst@ser ed