Fenpnx Opnon

peno mysrkn


H. A. Frager & Co
Cone+cknn komnosn+op
Bamnnr+on Cank+-He+ep6ypr
1992

BBK 85.31

Pe(akvop . Konnankan
F. A. Opnon, 1990
ISBN 0-929647-03-3



<c+p. v>
!"#$%&'()%#

Hm an+opa annon knnrn nsnec+no ncem, k+o nn+epecye+c mysrkanrnon naykon.
Onako n namen c+pane o neannero npemenn na ero +pyr 6rn nanoen nernacnrn sanpe+,
ko+oprn nnnc 6onee ec+n ne+.
A +pyon .+nx nemano.
B 1961 roy nrmno ns nena+n ceprsnoe nccneonanne F. Opnona Cnmqonnn
Eoc+akonnna, n ko+opom 6rnn nnepnre n namem mysrkoneennn ocnemenr nepnne+nn
+pynon cyr6r mysrkn komnosn+opa. Coepanne .+on knnrn, e me+kne mysrkanrnre
anannsr, npo6nema+nka ne no+epnn snanenn no cen enr.
Takon nepnrn nsn+ n +nopneckon 6norpaqnn monooro ynnoro (on nanan nena+a+rc
c cepennr 50-x roon).
Cnyc+ n+r ne+, n 1966 roy, ocymec+nnnc n+opon nsn+ ny6nnkann knnrn
Pyccknn cone+cknn cnmqonnsm, nmec+nnmen n ce6 orpomnrn qak+nnecknn ma+epnan.
Me+oonorn nsynenn conpemennon cnmqonnneckon mysrkn nocnynna ocnonannem n
anrnenmnx pa6o+ no .+on +ema+nke.
O+nrne em 6onee ykpennnc naynnrn an+opn+e+ ok+opa nckycc+noneenn F.
Opnona. On nenpemennrn ynac+nnk ncecomsnrx conemannn, naynnrx konqepennnn,
eeronrx ny6nnkannn nennnrpackoro Hnc+n+y+a +ea+pa, mysrkn n knnema+orpaqnn, n
ko+opom npopa6o+an 6es manoro nana+r ne+, nena+ae+c n n pyrnx nsannx, nnme+ o
mnorom n pasnom. Hanpnmep: o B. B. Eep6anne (1959), o Boennom peknneme Bpn++ena
(1967), o 6e+xonenckon nporpammnoc+n (1970), o nosnem nepnoe +nopnec+na H. A. Pnmckoro-
Kopcakona (1975) n +..
<c+p. vi >
K py6ey 70-x roon F. Opnon nc cnnrnee cocpeo+onnnae+c na npo6nemax
qnnocoqcko-.c+e+nnecknx. Kak n panee, ero nnen+ nensynennoe, a n nsnec+nom on npenarae+
ne+pannnonnre pemenn. Ero nnnnnyanrnoc+n cnonc+nennr cknonnoc+r k noc+poennm
o6o6mammnx konnennnn, cmenrn non+ naynnon qan+asnn, nn+encnnnoc+r mrcnn, nnora
nonemnneckn saoc+pnnon, npenocxonrn nn+epa+ypnrn cnor, +o nornneckn c+pornn, +o
me+aqopnneckn o6pasnrn.
Bce .+n kanec+na 6naronpn+c+nonann ycnemnon paspa6o+ke +on nonon cqepr n
namem mysrkosnannn, n ko+opon F. Opnon no npany moe+ cnn+a+rc nepnoo+kprna+enem. O
kpyre npo6nem cnne+enrc+nym+ nasnann ero c+a+en Hcnxonornneckne mexannsmr
mysrkanrnoro nocnpn+n (1963), Xyoec+nenna kynr+ypa n +exnnnecknn nporpecc
(1969), Ceman+nka mysrkn (1973), Bpemennre xapak+epnc+nkn mysrkanrnoro onr+a
(1974), C+pyk+ypnre qynknnn npemenn n mysrke (1974) n pyrne.
Ho nem 6onrme on yrny6nnc n ns6pannre nm naynnre o6nac+n, +em oc+pee
c+anonnnc konqnnk+ c orma+nneckon neonornen. Haspenan nemnnyemrn pasprn. H kora
nsa+enrc+no o+neprno pykonncr ero nccneonann Bpem n npoc+panc+no mysrkn, F. Opnon
npnnn pemenne noknny+r Cone+cknn Coms.
B coo+ne+c+nnn c nosopnrm o6rnaem, ykopennnmnmc em n 20-x roax, oc+yn n
6n6nno+ekax k knnram yexanmero 6rn sakpr+, ccrnkn na nnx n ae npoc+re ynomnnann ero
nmenn n nena+n sanpemanncr [1].
Fnacnoc+r nepnyna nam F. Opnona: 4 ma 1989 roa rase+a Cone+ckoe nckycc+no
ony6nnkonana ero c+a+rm o nennnnn n +parenn +nopneckoro nonnra . . Eoc+akonnna
(nonnrn napnan+ n ypnane Hckycc+no hennnrpaa, 1990, N4). Tenepr e nonnnacr
nosmonoc+r osnakomn+rc c nonrm +pyom +anan+nnnoro ynnoro, re sakpennn n+or ero
onrone+nnx pasmrmnennn.
On npec+a+ secr ononpemenno n +aknm, kaknm mr snann ero no npennm pa6o+am,
n concem nnrm. pyrnm n no+omy n+o, no-nepnrx, sa nc+ekmne ror o6ora+nnc ero
nsnennrn n naynnrn onr+, n no+omy, no-n+oprx, n+o n knnre coxpannnncr nep+r pa6o+r,
ko+opa nepnonananrno npenasnananacr n nn+a+enen n CEA, re n 1976 roy o6ocnonanc
F. Opnon (cm. anee same+ky O+ an+opa, re pacckasana nc+opn cosann +pya).

[1] B 1975 roy ns +nnorpaqckoro na6opa 6rno nsr+o nm F. Opnona kak
nepenonnka knnrn K. H.ppnma n . Oyna O6pasnr mysrkanrnrx qopm o+ rpnropnanckoro
xopana o Baxa.
<c+p. vii >
peno mysrkn +onnoe onpeenenne coepann knnrn: rny6oko n pasnoc+oponne
paccma+pnnam+c kopnennme, momnrn c+non, packnnc+re ne+nn cmrcn mysrkn, e
ceman+nneckne cnonc+na, qynknnonanrnoe nasnanenne, cnennqnka nocnpn+n. An+opa
nn+epecym+ ne c+onrko nac+noc+n onn ynomnnam+c n no+nepenn nrnnraemrx
+eope+nnecknx nonoennn, ckonrko o6mne ka+eropnn, ko+oprmn xapak+epnsye+c
qenomen mysrkanrnoro nckycc+na.
Ho coepa+enrnrm n anponrm npnsnakam .+a knnra npnnanen+ k paspy
+pyon, nmenyemrx qnnocoqnen mysrkn. Ha Banae nmee+c nemano e pasnonnnoc+en [2].
Ho F. Opnon n +y+ ns6npae+ cnon, nencxoennrn ny+r. Pasymee+c, n cpannn+enrno
ne6onrmon no o6rmy knnre nenrs ncnepna+r c+onr cnonym +ema+nky. Ho.+omy ne
ynnn+enrno, n+o sa+pony+re nonpocr ocnemenr nonac nepannomepno, ne 6yem ynpeka+r
an+opa sa .+o. Mnoro cymec+nennee +o, n+o on 6yn+ n 6yopan+ mrcnr, nocnnamene+
noo6paenne, sac+anne+ yma+r o6 ncknmnn+enrno nanrx npo6nemax.
Hccneonanne mnorocnonno. B nm akkymynnponanr pasnre o6nac+n snannn, n nero
npnnnekam+c o6nnrnre nn+a+r ns pa6o+ ynnrx Banaa kpynnrx cnennannc+on no
.c+e+nke, connonornn, .+norpaqnn, ncnxonornn, qnnocoqnn. Hx mnororonocrn xop, ko+oprn
nnkak ne sarnymae+ ynepennrn ronoc an+opa, nonpknnae+ nrcoknn nn+ennek+yannsm knnrn.
Oco6oe nnnmanne yene+c mysrkanrnon .+norpaqnn (.+nomysrkosnannm). Onr+ .+on
o+nocn+enrno monoon naykn npnnnocn+ n nccneonanne kynr+yponornnecknn acnek+.
Bana n Boc+ok+ak nasnan akaemnk H. h Konpa c6opnnk cnonx c+a+en,
nsannrn n 1972 roy. Cennac .+n non+n ncnonrsym+c n pasrpannnenn connanrno-
nonn+nnecknx cnc+em, okasanmnxc n pasnrx, pyr pyry npo+nnoc+omnx pernonax Enponr.
Y Konpaa e, kak n y Opnona, sananoe, nnn nnane enponenckoe .+o
onpeennnrn, nc+opnneckn cnonnmnnc +nn kynr+ypr, ko+oprn y+nepnnc +ake n sa
npeenamn Enponr, n +om nncne n Amepnke, a n noc+onnom npec+annen nnon +nn
mnponocnpn+n n nsnennoro noneenn, ncxomnn ns pyrnx kynr+ypnrx +pannnn,
neponannn, pn+yanon, n cnonnmnnc ne +onrko na Boc+oke, +o ec+r n Kn+ae nnn Hnnn, no
nmemmnn ananorn n n

[2] Hasony, k npnmepy, nyx+omnrn +py nsnec+noro npnepa 3pnec+a Ancepme
Ocnonr mysrkn n nenoneneckom cosnannn, nsannrn n 1961 roy ("Les foundations de la
musique dans le conciens humane").

<c+p. viii>
nponnx neenponencknx c+panax. F. Opnon rny6nnno nsynae+ +nnonornm nyx anr+epna+nnnrx
kynr+yp. 3+o ona ns rnannrx c+epnenrx +em ero nccneonann.
H+ak, nepe namn knnra nenrna no samrcny. Ecnn nosnnkny+ necornacn c an+opom
no +em nnn nnrm nonpocam, n+o , .+o non+ na nonrsy eny. Hpomnn npemena, kora n
name cosnanne nacnnrc+nenno nnepnncr 6eccnopnre nc+nnr. Hac+ynnna nopa cno6onoro
o6mena mnennmn. En coo+ne+c+nye+ yx nonrnon mrcnn, ko+oprm nponnkny+
qynamen+anrnrn +py F. Opnona.

M. pycknn

(* +,*-.+

<c+p. ix>
3+a knnra nrnamnnanacr na npo+ennn nyx ec+kon ne+ n n qopme pykonncn
poanacr +pnr npn necrma pasnrx o6c+o+enrc+nax, cnnrno nsmennmnx e o6nnk.
Hpn nepnom poennn ona nasrnanacr Bpem n npoc+panc+no mysrkn. 3+o
nponsomno n hennnrpae n 1974 roy. Ho non+nrm npnnnnam, o nsann eno ne omno.
na roa cnyc+ pykonncr okasanacr n H+ake, n m+a+e Hrm-Hopk, re e an+opa
ana pa6o+a n mysrkanrnom enap+amen+e Kopnenrckoro ynnnepcn+e+a: acnnpan+cknn
cemnnap na +emy no co6c+nennomy nr6opy. Ec+ec+nenno, n+o .+on +emon c+ann npem n
npoc+panc+no mysrkn. Ynac+nnkn cemnnapa 6rnn +ak+nnnr, cepresnr, nnnma+enrnr n
ynac+nnnr. Onn ononrno cno6ono opnen+nponanncr n mensypanrnon no+annn n +onkoc+x
nnnnckon parn, o6cyann menkeponcknn me+o anannsa n nrpann nnqponkn renepan-6aca n
+emne presto, no ncknn pas, kora nepexonn k 6onee o6mnm ka+eropnm n npo6nemam, na
nx nnnax nonnnocr nrpaenne nennnoro nenonnmann n cnncxon+enrnon +epnnmoc+n.
Tpyno ckasa+r, mnoro nn mon nepnre amepnkanckne acnnpan+r nsnneknn ns .+oro
cemnnapa. n men e on 6rn ncnr+annem nen nensannon pykonncn na nnanynec+r n
nonrx noax.
Bc npem, ne san+oe eeneenrnrm cemnnapom n noro+onkon k nemy, npoxonno
sa nnmymen mamnnkon. Bnanane nenr kasanacr cnon: pykonncr cneonano nepenec+n na
anrnnncknn srk, ycnac+nn e ymec+nrmn ccrnkamn na anrnosrnnre mysrkoneneckne
nc+onnnkn n mysrkanrnrmn npnmepamn. Ho n xoe snakomc+na c nn+epa+ypon, o6menn co
c+yen+amn n konneramn, nocemenn na-
<c+p. x>
ynnrx konqepennnn n nac+nrx co6pannn c+ano cno, n+o kocme+nnecknmn nonpankamn n
ononnennmn nponon+r ny+r Bpemenn n npoc+panc+ny mysrkn k nonomy nn+a+enm ne
yac+c.
C+ano cno n +o, kakon +omen nno+rm npnkpr+ koc+k e nen, xo+ on okasanc
ononrno kpenknm n nnonne 6narononynno nrepan nepememenne n pyron kynr+ypnrn
knnma+. Hpn nsrne na pykonncr n nonom cne+e (Honom Cne+e) na ym npnxonn pacckasannrn
Kan+om nponnnecknn aneko+ o +px qnnocoqax, ko+oprm 6rno npenoeno onnca+r
nrna. dpannys o+npannnc n 6n6nno+eky n nsnnk onncanne nrna ns knnr, anrnnnannn
noexan n Aqpnky, y6nn nrna n onncan cnon oxo+nnnnn +poqen, a nemen yennnnc n +nmnne
ka6nne+a n nrnen cymnoc+r nrna ns rny6nnr cnoero +nopneckoro yxa. Komnnnnnn n
nnyk+nnnomy me+oy on npenonn eyknnm.
Tak e noc+ynnn n an+op Bpemenn n npoc+panc+na mysrkn o+nac+n n cnny
ckyoc+n oc+ynnrx emy 6n6nno+ek n neoc+ynnoc+n pyrnx c+pan n kon+nnen+on, o+nac+n
e n cnny rny6okon nepr n cnny eyknnn mrmnenn o+ o6mero k nac+nomy na ocnone
rnno+es, nnymaemrx n nonepemrx onr+om, n neonepn k nnyknnn.
B c+pane, nacennnon nokonennmn .mnrpan+on co ncex konnon n yronkon semnoro
mapa, n kanenockone mnoronne+nrx ockonkon mnoec+na kynr+yp, re 6enoe
npenmymec+nenno cnyn+ o++enmmnm qonom, nepe an+opom o+kprnncr neo6ospnmo
mnpokne nosmonoc+n npnkocny+rc k npesnrnanno pasnoponrm xyoec+nennrm
nnennm norpysn+rc n nc+pym cpey pasnnnnrx .+nnnecknx rpynn, nocn+enen
pasnnnnrx cnc+em nennoc+en, cnoco6on o+nomenn k mnpy n nckycc+ny, c+nnen noneenn,
.+nnecknx npnnnnnon n mysrkanrnrx +pannnn. Opnen+npona+rc n naxon+r cnon ny+r n
.+om kynr+ypnom caqapn nomorann co+nn knnr n c+a+en, nanncannrx .+norpaqamn,
an+pononoramn, .+nomysrkoneamn, cnennannc+amn no mnponrm pennrnm, connonoramn n
ncnxonoramn.
Hepnoom nan6onee nn+encnnnon npoyk+nnnon accnmnnnnn ncero .+oro 6ora+c+na
6rnn n men na roa pa6o+r n Y.cneanckom ynnnepcn+e+e n m+a+e Konnek+nky+, c ero
nporpammon konnep+on mnponon mysrkn, n ko+oprx, napy c x.nnennnramn ona Kena
n ncnonnennmn ananrapnrx connnennn, cno nckycc+no emonc+pnponann nynmne mac+epa
Hnnn, Hnonesnn, Bnonnn, Kn+a n Bananon Aqpnkn npenoana+enn ynnnepcn+e+a,
nocnmanmne c+yen+on karn n cnom ponym mysrkanrnym +pannnm. Hpak+nneckne
san+n mysrkon +on nnn nnon ankon c+panr o6rnno npnnnekann c+yen+on, ko+opre ye
panee nponenn
<c+p. xi>
n nen ro, na, a +o n +pn n noneprnncr nckycy nnon kynr+ypr, necrma necxoen c nx
co6c+nennon.
Heko+opre ns nnx, c+an monmn c+yen+amn, nr+anncr c moen nomomrm +eope+nneckn
ocmrcn+r n onncrna+r cnon onr+ n nnnomnrx pa6o+ax n nccep+annx, kacanmnxc
oprannsannn nnnnckon parn, napnan+noc+n n npnanckon necne, pycckoro snamennoro
pacnena, mysrkn n Bn6nnn, c+pyk+ypr n cnmnonnkn +anna Henana, mysrkanrnoro qonrknopa
nnennen nnemenn nepokn n +ak anee. ymam, n+o name o6menne n conmec+na pa6o+a na
c+onr pasnoo6pasnrm ma+epnanom npnnecnn mne ne menrme nonrsr, nem ncem monm
noonennrm nmec+e ns+rm.
Onpeen+r +ema+nky kypcon n cemnnapon mne cnona npenonnn camomy. Tema
o6ma +eopn mysrkn 6rna nc+penena c .n+ysnasmom. B a+mocqepe, nacrmennon nnrm
rxannem mnoec+na kynr+yp, oco6enno oc+po ocosnananocr kpn+nneckoe coc+onne
.+nomysrkoneenn: poccrnn nakonnennrx nm nac+nrx .mnnpnnecknx annrx o mnornx
o+enrnrx mysrkanrnrx kynr+ypax ne o6nernann, a ckopee sa+pynnn nx conoc+annenn,
memann nne+r nx n o6men nepcnek+nne, o6napynna+r nx qynamen+anrnoe ennc+no no
mosankon necnsannrx qak+on n na6nmennn.
Haspena neo6xonmoc+r n me+asrke, ko+oprn nosnonn 6r onncrna+r saneomo
necxone mysrkanrnre kynr+ypr nonenmne n pennne, sananre n nesananre,
npnmn+nnnre n nrcoko pasnn+re, cnennannsnponannre n cnnkpe+nneckne n o6men
cnc+eme non+nn n kpn+epnen. B .+om nanpannennn nenacr +enepr n pa6o+a na nonon
pykonncrm. Ta, n+o 6rna sakonnena n hennnrpae, c+ana n ne cknaom c+pon+enrnrx
saro+onok n nnenepnrx nen.
Hs nnx oco6enno nonesnon okasanacr nonr+ka paccma+pnna+r mysrky n non+nx
npemenn n npoc+panc+na n ynnnepcanrnrx ycnonnx ma+epnanrnoro cymec+nonann,
nocnpn+n n mrmnenn. Takon ny+r nn k nan6onee konkpe+nrm n nenocpec+nennrm
nponnennm mysrkn n o6xo nac+nrx +eopnn n .c+e+nnecknx cnc+em c nx ycnonnoc+mn,
npenon+ennmn n npepaccykamn, nosnonn ynne+r cnsr mysrkn c nponnmn cqepamn
nenoneneckon e+enrnoc+n n onr+a, non+r e n cne+e o6mnx nennoc+en, neponannn n
cnoco6on nocnpn+n, ko+opre o6pasym+ po kaon kynr+ypr n onpeenm+ e nny+pennee
ennc+no. Ho +aknm yrnom spenn nenpeoonnmre, na nonepxnoc+nrn nsrn, neperopokn
mey mysrkanrnrmn kynr+ypamn c+anonnnncr 6onee npospannrmn, n nonnnacr
nosmonoc+r non+r kynr+ypno o6ycnonnennym +nnonornm camnx nen npemenn n
npoc+panc+na.
<c+p. xii>
Hn+acr cokamn ns nonon mepon nonnr, .+o+ poc+ok npenpa+nnc co npemenem n
packnnc+oe peno mysrkn. B+opoe poenne pykonncn sanepmnnocr k mam 1982 roa.
Ona 6rna n men ne c+onrko n+orom mysrkoneneckon kaprepr, ckonrko no6onnrm
npoyk+om moero yxonno-nn+ennek+yanrnoro me+a6onnsma pesynr+a+om ycnoenn n
nepepa6o+kn ncero ycnrmannoro, ncnr+annoro, npoymannoro, ocosnannoro. 3+oro cosnann
mne 6rno oc+a+onno: ne onenr ycepno o6nnanc e npenpamenn n knnry, n sakonnenna
pykonncr c+ana nac+rm moero apxnna.
Onako npem o+ npemenn nosnpamanacr mrcnr o monx amepnkancknx c+yen+ax,
sapannrx onr+om nnrx kynr+yp, ko+opre ano nornomann kaym onepenym rnany,
ena ycnenan e sakonnn+r, n oco6enno o monorx n ne cnnmkom monorx konnerax n
Cone+ckom Comse, c+onr nno o+srnanmnxc na mon c+a+rn npenapn+enrnre na6pockn k
6yymemy +pyy.
na roa nasa mo npenoenne hennnrpackomy o+enennm nsa+enrc+na
Cone+cknn komnosn+op nsa+r knnry 6rno npnn+o, n n +enenne nocnennx mec+nana+n
mecnen nepenonn cnom anrnnnckym pykonncr na pyccknn srk. Hepeno, pasymee+c,
an+opnsonan, no knnra, nncanmac n pacn+e na anrnosrnnoro nn+a+en, n nenom
nsmennnacr mano. Besnanon 6rna 6r nocnemna nonr+ka o6nonn+r e: sa n+nana+r ne+
moero o+cy+c+nn n Cone+ckom Comse nonnnocr nemano nonrx ny6nnkannn, nmemmnx
o+nomenne k +emam knnrn, o ko+oprx mne mano n+o nsnec+no. B coanem o6 .+om n
naemcr, n+o nn+a+enn npoc++ .+o+ npo6en.




F. Opnon

7 anryc+a 1990 roa
Bamnnr+on, CEA

&-/0.1+230 (4*.. xiii-xv)


&-/0.1+230

!.0/345-,30 ........................................................... v
(* +,*-.+ ............................................................. ix

65+,+ 70.,+8. (!9:
&,-;4*,+................................................................. 1
&5-3 ......................................................................... 7
<-2*04*= 3 >-/053............................................... 14
?0@>-5,2=; 8@=A.............................................. 20
?0@-7+42=0 *B73A3 3 .34A-,+22=0 -CD0@/= ..... 24
&34*0>2=; ,@E58/................................................ 32
!.3>0F+238 ........................................................ 39
Fnana n+opa. BPEMB
).0>8 -7=*+ 3 ,.0>8 @2+238................................ 42
(.E+2 3 E-2E............................................................. 53
G,BA 3 ,20,.0>022-0............................................... 64
!.3>0F+238............................................................. 77

<cvp. XIV >
Fnana +pe+r. HOPBOK
(C53A3 7-.8/A+.................................................... 81
H-.>+ ...................................................................... 95
I-/05J..................................................................... 105
)053A+8 +2*32->38 ............................................. 119
:-2+5J2-0 3 >-/+5J2-0........................................ 131
!.3>0F+238 ........................................................ 150
Fnana ne+np+a. HOBEEHHE
!+.*3K37+K38 .................................................. 155
&0.JL@2=0 3E.= ..................................................... 162
Musica Mundana...................................................... 172
$,B53A3; M2B4 7.-E.044+....................................... 181
)4*.0F+ 4 >B@=A-;................................................. 199
?B2*..................................................................... 207
!.3>0F+238............................................................. 217
Fnana n+a. HPOCTPAHCTBO

NAB4*3F04A-0 7.-4*.+24*,- ............................ 221
&+A.+5J2-0 7.-4*.+24*,- ................................ 227
I3.4A-0 7.-4*.+24*,-....................................... 235
N2*.+A*: !.-4*.+24*,- 34F0@+0*................. 243
I-C35J2-0 7.-4*.+24*,- ................................. 247
!.3>0F+238 ............................................................ 257

Fnana mec+a. ChYXOBOE HOhE
<-/=..................................................................... 259
)0.*3A+5J ...................................................... 263
6-.3@-2*+5J .................................................. 272
65BC32+ ........................................................... 279
I0*.3A+ ......................................................... 289
<cvp. XV >

:-7-5-E38 ...........................................................301
:8E-*0230 ................................................................310
!.3>0F+238 ....................................................... 323
Fnana cerma. KOMMYHHKAHHB
IB@=A+ 3 8@=A ............................................... 325
IB@=A+ 3 .0FJ ..................................................... 329
IB@=A+ A+A 43>,-5 ........................................ 333
&3>,-5= AB5J*B.=........................................... 338
!.3>0F+238 .................................................... 342
Fnana nocrma. HHTEPBEPB
"0A+ C0@ C0.0E-,.................................................. 343
&,8O022=; A-4>-4 ...................................... 354
)--C.+1+0>=0 5+2/P+Q*=............................ 363
I-@+3A+ @0.A+5................................................... 373
!.3>0F+238 .................................................... 379
Fnana en+a. Baknmnenne
$)%RST%U&M (?"NG )#VW(&:% 381
!.3>0F+238 ......................................................... 396
SA+@+*05J 3>L2.................................................... 398
!.0/>0*2=; BA+@+*05J . ............................... 404


<c+p. 1>

65+,+ 70.,+8. (!9:


I= >-10> 2+45+1/+*J48 ,3/->
K,0*-,, 3X A.+4A+>3 3 +.->+*+>3,
23F0E- 20 @2+8 - .+4*0238X
*0-.0*3F04A3. W-, 7-105+, 7-28*J
.-4* .+4*023;, >= /-512= CB/0> A-0-
F*- B@2+*J - ,@+3>-/0;4*,38X 7-F,=,
,-@/BX+, ,-/= 3 4-520F2-E- 4,0*+,
A-*-.=0 -7.0/058Y* Z*-* .-4*.
on rmn, Hckycc+no kak onr+
&,-;4*,+
Ec+r mnoec+no npnnnn n nanana saa+rc nonpocom: H+o +akoe mysrkanrnrn
onr+?. He nnonne onennno, n+o onr+ .+o +e ennc+nennre nopo+a, nepes ko+opre
o+kprnae+c oc+yn k nm6omy kon+ak+y c mysrkon. Kakono e coepanne mysrkanrnoro
onr+a? H+o onpeene+ ero? Mono nn yc+anonn+r ero nny+pennmm npnpoy n
xapak+epnc+nkn? Kakonr ny+n ero nsynenn n nonnmann? dak+nneckn, nc anrnenmee
npec+anne+ co6on nonr+ky npn6nnsn+rc k o+ne+am na .+n n cnsannre c nnmn nonpocr.
Hannm c napaokcanrnoro, na nepnrn nsrn, y+nepenn: nne onr+a ne+ mysrkn.
Tonrko n onr+e ona c+anonn+c peanrnoc+rm, o6pe+ae+ cymec+nonanne n packprnae+c kak
oco6rn mnp cmrcnon, cnennqnnecknx o+nomennn, nsmepennn n nornkn. He moe+ 6r+r n
+eopnn mysrkn, ecnn ona ne nn+ae+c mysrkanrnrm onr+om: +eope+nneckne konnennnn, ckonr
yrono mnpokne, anann-
<c+p. 2>
+nneckne me+or, ckonr yrono nsompennre, npnnoc+ ocmrcnennre nnor +onrko n +om
cnynae, ecnn onn o+kpnc+annnsonanncr n mysrkanrnom onr+e. Hx nrnor, o6rnno
npe+enymmne na c+porym o6rek+nnnoc+r, n enc+nn+enrnoc+n cneym+ ena ynonnmrm,
nac+o c +pyom pacnosnanaemrm nnnnnyanrnrm cknonnoc+m n npenon+ennm +eope+nka.
Cnnmkom mnorne nen o mysrke noc+ynnpym+c kak camoonennnre akcnomr. Onn
nnymam+ o6mannnnoe nync+no ynepennoc+n, ko+opoe ncknmnae+ comnenn ae npn nc+penax
c saneomo nyon, neneomon mysrkon. Tpyno oraa+rc n+o nmenno cnyma+enr
ncnr+rnae+ n +aknx cnynax. Bnponem, ne namnoro npome cyn+r o ero nocnpn+nn mysrkn
xopomo snakomoro emy xapak+epa n c+nn. Ho camon cnoen npnpoe mysrkanrnrn onr+
nenpospanen n o6rek+nnnoro na6nmenn n ne onyckae+ anannsa na ocnone nnemnnx
na6nmaemrx annrx.
Mysrkanrnrn onr+ 4BCD0A*3,02 ckpr+ n sanena+an n kaom nnnnnyyme.
Ha6nmennm n pernc+pannn o+kpr+r nnmr ero nnemnne cony+c+nymmne cnmn+omr o+
mrmennrx cokpamennn, nepemen rxa+enrnon ak+nnnoc+n, pn+mon cepna, kponnoro
annenn n ranrnannneckon npononmoc+n kon o camrx nosnrmennrx nen n o6pason,
nnymnnrx nnn nockasannrx mysrkon. Bnxennopnc+ moe+ o6o6ma+r na6nmaemre
cnmn+omr, +pak+y nx kak o+ne+r na onpeennnre c+nmynr, no on ne n coc+onnn nn ckasa+r
n+o-nn6o onpeennnoe o6 .+nx c+nmynax, nn o6rcnn+r npnnnnr konkpe+nrx peaknnn
annoro cy6rek+a, ko+opre ae n onoponon rpynne cnyma+enen 6rnam+ nopasa+enrno
pasnopennnrmn.
Ena nn nyno onponepra+r xonee +onkonanne nx kak peaknnn na snynanne mysrkn.
Onennno, n+o cy6rek+ pearnpye+ ne na snynanne kak +akonoe, a na cno nocnpn+ne
nny+pennnn o6pas .+oro snynann. Mey akyc+nnecknm nxoom n ncnxnnecknm
nrxoom naxon+c +annc+nennrn npnrn mnk (nonrsycr nrpaennem kn6epne+nkn):
cnonenma cnc+ema nsanmoo+nomennn annoro nnnnnyyma c nnemnnm mnpom, c camnm
co6on n c mysrkon.
Mysrkanrnrn onr+ A-2A.0*02. B kaoe mrnonenne on nckpn+c cosnesnmn
6ernrx omymennn, cnnec+esnn, .monnn, o6pason, mrcnen, nonenrx nmnynrcon, acconnannn n
nocnomnnannn. Bce .+n .nemen+r ne npoc+o nakannnnam+c n xoe nocnpn+n, no
nenpeprnno nsanmoenc+nym+ cpac+am+c pyr c pyrom, o6pasy nekoe oprannneckoe
+eno, ko+opoe pac++, cnnnacr c npomnrm
<c+p. 3>
onr+om nnnnnyyma, n nn+ cnoen nsnrm ne +onrko n annom ak+e cnymann mysrkn, no n
sa ero npeenamn.
O+a+r ce6e o+n+ n co6c+nennrx mysrkanrnrx nepennannx nosnone+ +onrko
nn+pocneknn, no nosmonoc+n e c+ko orpannnenr. Cnyma+enr, saxnanennrn
camona6nmennem, cnoco6en konnen+pnpona+r nnnmanne nnmr na nan6onee penreqnrx
momen+ax cnonoro no+oka snykonrx co6r+nn, cxna+rna+r nnmr neko+opre ns ero
acnek+on, +ora kak ocnonna macca cnne+ennn, nsanmoenc+nnn, cnsen n o+nomennn,
onpeenmmnx nx oprannneckym nenoc+noc+r, yckonrsae+, oc+a+c neoc+ynnon.
To o6c+o+enrc+no, n+o mysrka onnae+ +onrko nepes snyk n nocnpnnnmae+c
cnyxom, o+nmr ne osnanae+, n+o mysrkanrnrn onr+ cnonm k cnyxonomy. Hanpo+nn, .+o+
onr+ B23,0.4+502, no+omy n+o on nonnekae+ ncero nenoneka n ronopn+ na srkax ncex cqep
ero nync+nennoro nocnpn+n, yma, ymn n yxa. O6rnno nonpknnaema cnyxona
cnennqnka .+oro onr+a qnk+nnna, n npnnara+enrnoe mysrkanrnrn onno
nocnpnnnma+rc nnmr kak ykasanne na +o, n+o mysrka nocnynna ero nepnonc+onnnkom. Kak
samenae+ Hykepkannr,

Ennnnnrn onr+ .+o nsonnponannrn momen+, nsnrnpo+nna. H+o6r
mysrka o6pena nsnr n yme, onn onr+ onen coenn+rc c pyrnm, mysrkanrnrn
onr+ c onr+om pasnnnnon npnpor; nc .+o onno pac+n nmnpr n nrny6r.
Heoc+a+onno npoc+o cnona n cnona nc+pena+rc c mysrkanrnrmn snynannmn. [1]

B 6onee o6mem cmrcne n+kym rpannny mey coepannem menyma II coepannem
onr+a nponon+ onan deprmcon:

Henano, kakono cpec+no nrpaenn: nepeana snannmrx nen kak npannno
oc+nrae+c cnsnrm npec+annennem mnoec+na nsanmoononnmmnx e+anen. Ho n
+o+ kynrmnnannonnrn momen+, kora mr, nakonen, cxna+rnaem cmrcn nenoro, nac
nepec+am+ sannma+r e+ann, nocnynnmne qynamen+om namero nonnmann. B .+o+
momen+, ae ecnn cpec+nom cnyn+ cnono, nam onr+ 6onee ne nne+c cnonecnrm,
no c+anonn+c nonnokponnrm ocosnannem nonon peanrnoc+n, ko+opoe saoc+pe+ na
ce6e nce namn cnoco6noc+n nync+nennre, nn+ennek+yanrnre n .monnonanrnre. [2]

Ero nrno Mysrka n cnom nan6onee nonnom snanennn ec+r onncanne onr+a
npenonarae+, n+o mysrkanrnoe onncanne onr+a, kak +akonoe, 2070.0,-/3>- nn na kakon
nnon srk. [3]
<c+p. 4>
Ec+r 6onrma on nc+nnr n c+apon poman+nneckon qpase: Mysrka nannnae+c +am,
re konnam+c cnona. Cnona n non+n, nensmenno conponoammne nce qopmr
nenoneneckoro noneenn n onr+a, cony+c+nym+ n nm6on mysrkanrnon e+enrnoc+n n
onnx cnynax nno, n qopme ycnoennrx nnc+pyknnn, +eope+nnecknx onpeenennn n +.n., n
pyrnx ckpr+o, n qopme nny+pennen penn: monnannnrx nep6annsonannrx acconnannn n
kommen+apnen. Ho n camre 6ora+re cnonecnre onncann snyna+ rpy6o n npnmn+nnno n
cpannennn c +em, n+o onncrnae+c. O6osnana knacc nocnpn+nn, cnono +em camrm
ymepmnne+ nocnpn+ne n ero konkpe+noc+n, ynnkanrnoc+n, ko+oprmn onpeene+c
cnennqnnnoc+r mysrkanrnoro onr+a. Hs .+oro cneye+, n+o, no6anok k nperymnm
xapak+epnc+nkam, mysrkanrnrn onr+ 20/-4*B702 /58 -734+238 3 70.0/+F3.
Mysrkanrnrn onr+ .+o ne nemr, ko+opym komnosn+op nknarnae+ n nap+n+ypy,
ncnonnn+enr oc+anne+, a cnyma+enr nonynae+ n no+pe6ne+. Mysrkanrnoe connnenne .+o ne
na6op nepennannn, a mnpokoe none nosmonoc+en n nr6opon. Br6op ncera nocn+ 53F2=;
xapak+ep. Komnosn+op nosenrnae+ n sacenae+ .+o none; ncnonnn+enr kynr+nnnpye+ ero n
coo+ne+c+nnn co cnonm nonnmannem n nkycom; n +onno +aknm e o6pasom karn cnyma+enr
cnnmae+ cnon ypoan ynnkanrnoro onr+a.
He+ nnkakon naer na +o, n+o kora-nn6yr mr naynnmc onpeen+r c+enenr ero
connaenn nnn pacxoenn c onr+om o6menn ncnonnn+en nnn komnosn+opa c +on e
mysrkon. Onr+ kaoro nn+ae+c ns mnoec+na nc+onnnkon mysrka nnmr onn ns nnx. On
sanncn+ o+ o6mero n mysrkanrnoro nocnn+ann n npomnoro onr+a nnnnnyyma, ero
ncnxonornneckoro +nna n yc+anonok, coc+onn ncnxnkn, mo+nnannn n +ak anee. On +ak e
B23A+502, kak peannsyema n nm nnnnoc+r annoro nenoneka.
* * *
Bce .+n npen+c+nn ne oc+anannnnam+ nenoneka Banaa. Ecnn mysrkanrnrn onr+
ncknmnae+ o6rek+nnnrn ananns, +o nm cneye+ noo6me npene6penr. Hsynenne mysrkn c+ano
orpannnnna+rc ee o6rek+nnnrmn acnek+amn. Bc, nmemmee o+nomenne k nmnynrcam,
noponnmnm mysrkanrnoe nrpaenne, n k ero nosenc+nnm na cnyma+en, npene6pen+enrno
o+6pacrnae+c kak cy6rek+nnnre
<c+p. 5>
+onkonann n nennoc+nre cyenn, ko+oprm ne mec+o n nayke. B pesynr+a+e mysrka,
pasennnma .+y nenanrnym ynac+r c pyrnmn nckycc+namn (n, o6annm, pennrnen), nsynae+c
kak nemr, nsonnponanna c o6onx konnon o+ cnonx nc+onnnkon n o+ .qqek+on e
nosenc+nn na nenoneka. rmn cneymmnm o6pasom onncrnae+ .+y cn+yannm:

Kora xyoec+nennre o6rek+r nsonnpym+c o+ ycnonnn cnoero nosnnknonenn n
nponnennn n onr+e, nokpyr nnx nrpac+ae+ c+ena, enamma non+n nenpospannrm nx
cmrcn, c ko+oprm .c+e+nka nmee+ eno kak +eope+nnecka ncnnnnnna. Hckycc+no
o+crnae+c n oco6ym o6nac+r, re ono okasrnae+c o+pesannrm o+ qopm n nenen
ncex nponnx qopm nenoneneckoro onr+a. Ho.+omy nama nepna saana
nocc+anonn+r cnsr n npeemc+nennoc+r mey onnmennrmn n konnen+pnponannrmn
qopmamn onr+a (+.e. nponsneennmn nckycc+na) n noncenennrmn co6r+nmn,
ennmn n c+paannmn, ko+opre coc+annm+ o6mee coepanne nenoneneckoro
onr+a. [4]

rmn onncrnae+ .+y cn+yannm kak n+or nc+opnneckoro nponecca, n xoe ko+oporo
pennrn n nckycc+na okasanncr cnanana nrenennrmn ns cqepr noncenennon nsnn n
non+rmn na neoc+ynnrn nreec+an, sa+em nckycc+no c+ano po6n+rc na o+enrnre nnr,
noponn cnennqnnecknn .c+e+nnecknn nnnnnyannsm, n, nakonen, nosnnkna ne nckycc+na
kak camonenn.
He nckycc+na pan nckycc+na namna cnmn+oma+nnnoe nrpaenne n +eopnn,
cornacno ko+opon mysrka .+o nnc+oe nckycc+no +onon n o+nomennn mey nnmn, ko+opre n
onpeenm+ e nennoc+r n cmrcn, ne nyacr n kaknx-nn6o nnemnnx onpanannx. Kak
sanne+ onn ns aen+on .+on +eopnn, n mysrke

cymec+nym+ +onrko nny+pennne o+nomenn: ona nac+r coo+nocn+c c pyron
nny+pn nenoro... n ne coo+nocn+c nn c nem sa ero npeenamn. 3+o mnkpokocm,
ko+oprn nnn+o ne cnsrnae+ c npeme+amn n nnennmn npnpor nnn nenoneneckon
nsnn. [5]

enonn+o npenapnpy mnkpokocm mysrkanrnoro connnenn kak camoonnemmym,
camonennym c+pyk+ypy, paccya o cnnrnrx n cna6rx onx n ennc+nax, saepannx n
paspemennx, nepnonnnoc+x, cnmme+pnx n +.n., +akon +eope+nk o6rnno ne o+a+ ce6e
o+n+ n +om, n+o .+n n pyrne c+pyk+ypnre xapak+epnc+nkn ne npnnanea+ mysrke kak
ma+epnanrnomy o6rek+y. Onn o6naam+ nnmr o6rek+nnnoc+rm o6mec+nennon konnennnn,
ennon n ncex komnosn+opa, ncnonnn+en, cnyma+en n camoro +eope+nka, o6pennnoro
o6napynna+r n onncrna+r nmenno +e qopmoo6pa-
<c+p. 6>
symmne .nemen+r, ko+opre, cney +em e npannnam nrpr, n ne nnonn komnosn+op.
He samenae+ +akon +eope+nk n +oro, n+o ero +ak nasrnaemre nnc+o mysrkanrnre non+n
qak+nneckn sanmc+nonanr ns nensmepnmo 6onee mnpokon nnemnen cqepr ynnnepcanrnoro
nenoneneckoro onr+a.
ae +akon ceprsnrn mrcnn+enr n mysrkan+ kak C+pannncknn o+an anr .+omy
6nnsopykomy nsrny n cnom snononynnom y+nepennn o +om, n+o

...mysrka no cnoen cymnoc+n necnoco6na n+o 6r +o nn 6rno nrpaa+r nync+no,
nonoenne, ncnxonornneckoe coc+onne, nnenne npnpor n +.. ... denomen mysrkn
an nam ennc+nenno n +oro, n+o6r nnec+n nopok no nc cymec+nymmee, nknmna
cma npee ncero o+nomenn mey nenonekom n npemenem . Cneona+enrno, n
+oro, n+o6r qenomen .+o+ mor peannsona+rc, on +pe6ye+ kak nenpemennoe n
ennc+nennoe ycnonneonpeennnoro noc+poenn... Hmenno .+o noc+poenne, .+o+
oc+nrny+rn nopok nrsrnae+ n nac .monnm conepmenno oco6oro xapak+epa, ne
nmemmym nnnero o6mero c namnmn o6rnnrmn omymennmn n namnmn peaknnmn na
nnena+nenn noncenennon nsnn. Henrs nynme onpeenn+r omymenn,
nponsnonmre mysrkon, kak o+oec+nnn nx c +em nnena+nennem, ko+opre nrsrnae+
n nac cosepnanne apxn+ek+ypnrx qopm. F+e xopomo .+o nonnman, on ronopnn, n+o
apxn+ek+ypa .+o okamenenma mysrka. [6]

F+ena me+aqopa npekpacna. Ho o6pa+nnmncr k nen, C+pannncknn nponnn
nenocneona+enrnoc+r: on o+oec+nnn mysrkanrnrn onr+ c onr+om cosepnann
apxn+ek+ypnrx qopm, nknmnnn ero no nnemnnn, 6onee mnpoknn n o6mnn kon+ekc+.
Hopok npncym ne +onrko mysrke n apxn+ek+ype. K +omy e ne ncka mysrka
onyckae+ ananornn c apxn+ek+ypon. B mnoroo6pasnrx qopmax nopok nen+ n camon ocnone
nm6oro nocnpn+n n mrcnn+enrnoro nponecca. Ho+omy y nac 6ye+ 6onrme mancon na ycnex,
ecnn mr nonr+aemc non+r mysrky kak o+paenne n nonnomenne qopm nopka, ko+oprn,
npncy+c+nye+ nnn ycma+pnnae+c namn n nemax ma+epnanrnrx n neanrnrx, npnponrx n
cosannrx nenonekom. Ecnn mysrka .+o mnkpokocm, +o ona onna kaknm-+o o6pasom
coo+ne+c+nona+r makpokocmy nenoneneckoro yma n merakocmy mnpa.
<c+p. 7>
&5-3
Hopok mysrkanrnoro mnkpokocma cnyma+enr nocnpnnnmae+ o+nmr ne n nepnym
oneper. On o6napynnae+c nenon 6onrmon nny+pennen pa6o+r, nrc+ynae+ na nonepxnoc+r n
xoe cnonoro nponecca n noc+nrae+c (ecnn .+o noo6me nponcxon+) n nocnenmm oneper.
Hponecc noc+nenn nopka n cnom oneper ynoponen. B camrx o6mnx nep+ax ero mono
ynoo6n+r nennon peaknnn, npn ko+opon kaoe ns nocneymmnx snenren ak+nnnsnpye+c
nmnynrcom, ncxomnm o+ npemec+nymmero.
Becr nponecc mono rpy6o pasenn+r na ne qasr. On nannnae+c c qopmr
nocnpn+n, nmenyemon n +pannnonnon ncnxonornn nepnennnen, ko+opa aan+npye+
nnemnne opranr nync+n k moanrnoc+n nocn+en coo6menn (snyka) n npnnon+ nx n
coc+onne ak+nnnoc+n. 3+o+ .+an noro+annnnae+ nonny n cneymmen qasr, nmenyemon
annepnennnen, nknmnammen nponeccr nrenenn, nqqepennnannn n oprannsannn
c+pyk+ypnrx .nemen+on n cnsen, nanpannennrn n konennom cn+e k noc+nennm n ycnoennm
cmrcna coo6menn. Hpn 6onee e+anrnom paccmo+pennn n kaon ns .+nx nyx ocnonnrx qas
o6napynnam+c 6onee cnennqnnnre cn+yannn n nponeccr.
Hepeko snynann, nanonnmmne namy cpey, ne oxo+ o cosnann, oc+am+c,
qak+nneckn, neycnrmannrmn. Onnm ns +aknx snynannn moe+ okasa+rc n mysrka. O+me+nn
npncy+c+nne myma, mr nannnaem cnmmav ero noka nnmr c nync+nom o+ c+pannnoc+n,
6espasnnnn nnn ae paspaenn (+akoe nnora cnynae+c n co cnyma+enem n konnep+nom
sane, ecnn ero nnnmanne n mrcnr san+r nem-+o pyrnm). Ecnn e ycnrmannoe snynanne mae
sann+epeconrnae+, mr nannnaem nenenanpannenno cnymav.
Ho onon +onrko cnoco6noc+n nnnma+enrno cnyma+r neoc+a +onno: ona oc+anne+ n
nocnpn+nn cnyma+en amopqnoe pacnnrnna+oe neonpeennnoe nnena+nenne. Tonrko
nannnne cnennqnnecknx nanrkon nosnone+ emy nren+r ns .+oro snykonoro o6naka n
(nqqepennnponav .nemen+r, kanec+na, pasmepnoc+n n o+nomenn. H +onrko cnyma+enr,
o6naammnn em 6onee nrcokon cnoco6noc+rm cpannnna+r, coo+nocn+r n coenn+r .+n
.nemen+r, nannnae+ pacnosnanav cvpykvypm noc+nra+r nopok n mysrke.
<c+p. 8>
anee y+onn nponecc noc+nenn mysrkanrnoro nopka, cneye+ nonepkny+r, n+o
nrenennre nrme qasr ne npoc+o cneym+ ona sa pyron. Mysrkanrnrn onr+ 6ye+
npannnrnee oxapak+epnsona+r nx kak ne+rpxcnonnym o6nac+r, ko+opa moe+
ak+nnnsnpona+rc na 6onrmym nnn menrmym rny6nny. Kaomy ns ne+rpex cnoen npncymn
cnon cnennqnnnre n nero kon+ekc+, npannna onepnponann, +nn coepann n srk ero
onncann, nockonrky karn nepexo ns onoro cno n pyron conponoae+c
+pancqopmannen mrcnennoro o6pasa. Hocnm ckasannoe.
Cy6rek+, onennnammnn mysrky ncknmnn+enrno kak npn+nym nnn nenpn+nym,
ronopn+ o cnonx omymennx, o+srnacr na mysrky kak na oco6rn nckycc+nennrn
akyc+nnecknn qenomen. Takon cnoco6 nocnpn+n moe+ nnn+r na .monnonanrnoe
coc+onne, nockpema+r nocnomnnann, nopoa+r acconnannn c npomnrm nsnennrm
onr+om. Kak nokasrnam+ nccneonann mysrkanrnrx cnoco6noc+en, cpen nmen, nckpenno
cnn+ammnx ce6 nm6n+enmn mysrkn, neonanno mnoro +aknx, ko+opre oc+anannnnam+c
na .+on c+ann n ncnr+rnam+ nonnoe yonne+nopenne o+ +oro, n+o Fenne eko nasrnan
camrm oporoc+omnm nnom myma.
Bonee nr+nnnrn cnyma+enr ne yonne+nope+c +aknm naccnnnrm kynannem n
snynannn. B ero rnasax mysrka sacnynnae+ oco6oro nnnmann, o6naae+ nennoc+rm n
cmrcnom, ko+opre mory+ o6ora+n+r ero nny+pennnn mnp. Takon cnyma+enr e+enrno
c+apae+c nocnpnnnma+r mysrky kak nonec+nonanne o co6r+nx, pamy nnn nepennny
nonnymmnx kap+nn. Ero .n+ysnasm nnny+r ne ymepe+c +em o6c+o+enrc+nom, n+o on
necnoco6en pasnnna+r ronoca n +em6pr, cnrma+r qanrmnnre no+r, ynonn+r menmmnec nnn
ymrmnenno nckaennre rapmonnn nnn ae ne ysna+r mysrkanrnym qpasy npn e non+opnom
nonnennn.
Camo co6on pasymee+c, n+o xapak+ep cnpononnponannrx mysrkon cno6ono +ekymnx
rps c o+kpr+rmn rnasamn nennkom n nonnoc+rm onpeene+c nnnnoc+rm, npomnrm onr+om
n coc+onnem cy6rek+a. Ha .+om yponne nnena+nenn, nrnecennre pasnnnnrmn cy6rek+amn,
mory+ connac+r nnmr 6naroap cnynannomy cxoc+ny nnnnoro onr+a, n cornacne mey nnmn
oc+nnmo na necrma mnpokon 6ase kynr+ypnon o6mnoc+n.
Hoo6nre men+ann no mysrky o+menam+ nananrnrn .+an nocnpn+n co6c+nenno
mysrkn. C nepexoom na cneymmnn yponenr n saxna+rnammem, xo+ em 6ecqopmennom
no+oke snynannn cnyma+enr nannnae+ pasnnna+r n o+mena+r o+enrnre +ona n +o-
<c+p. 9>
nonre konqnrypannn, cnen+r sa nx nnennem n nsmenennmn, nr+acr yc+anonn+r nx
coo+nomenn pyr c pyrom n c panee cnrmannrm. Ocnony noo6nrx cyennn no-npenemy
coc+annm+ acconnannn, no +enepr onn onpeenm+c n nanpannm+c nqqepennnponannrmn
cnonc+namn camon mysrkn n ocno6oam+c o+ nponsnonrnon cy6rek+nnnoc+n. Pncynok
nnenn +onon moe+ acconnnpona+rc c xapak+epnrm ec+om nnn nn+onannen penn, c
pn+opnnecknm aknen+om nnn onpeennnrmn +nnamn nnenn naennmn n nsn+amn,
6erom, npamennem, ckankamn n +.. Takne acconnannn nepeko nmem+ npnnyn+enrnrn
xapak+ep: no mnoec+ne cnynaen komnosn+opr nocnponsnonnn o6pasr npnpor n 6r+a,
mnpoko nepna nnomr ns cqepr 6r+onon mysrkn n ncnonrsy ncenosmonre nnr
snykonopaann. Pacxoenne mey mysrkanrnrmn nocnpn+nmn pasnrx nnnnnyymon
cokpamae+c. Onako momen+r connaenn orpannnenr secr nnmr neko+oprmn, nan6onee
penreqnrmn mysrkanrnrmn ccrnkamn na o6mnn n nnx connanrnrn, nsnennrn onr+,
+ora kak n oc+anrnom karn no-npenemy nnmn nanpannmmero nanana n npeoc+annen
npnxo+m co6c+nennon qan+asnn.
n nocnpn+n mysrkn no ncen e nonno+e neo6xonmo, n+o6r nqqepennnann
pacnpoc+pannnacr sa npeenr cnopannecknx acconnannn. Heanrnrn mysrkanrno
komne+en+nrn cnyma+enr cnoco6en qnkcnpona+r nnnmanne n npeene na ncex snykonrx
.nemen+ax, o+nomennx n kanec+nax. On nocnpnnnmae+ n onennnae+ nx n non+nx nrco+,
nn+epnanon, pernc+pon, nn+enrnoc+en, +emnon, +em6pon, qak+yp n +.. Ha6op onpeenennn,
ncnonrsyemrx nm, moe+ ckasa+r nam nen+o o moanrnoc+x ero mysrkanrnoro onr+a. 3+n
onpeenenn coc+o+ ns konnnec+nennrx n kanec+nennrx npnnara+enrnrx, no 6onrmen nac+n
npec+annmmnx napr npo+nnonononoc+en; kaa +aka napa o6pasye+ nonmca
onpeennnoro kon+nnyyma. Tona n +onanrnre komnnekcr onncrnam+c kak nrcokne nnn
nnskne, nrkne nnn +nre, cnnrnre nnn cna6re, cne+nre nnn +mnre; nn+enrnoc+n kak
nnnnre nnn kopo+kne; nn+epnanr kak mnpokne nnn yskne; nnenne kak nnannoe nnn
noprnnc+oe; snykonsnnenenne kak c+koe nnn mrkoe; +em6p kak +nnrn nnn xononrn,
cnrn nnn +ymannrn, rpy6rn nnn nenrn; qak+ypa kak nno+na nnn npospanna, nacrmenna
nnn paspeenna; snynanne mysrkn nasrnam+ nosymnrm, 6naroyxannrm, nsknm nnn
+epnknm, ero ynoo6nm+ 6apxa+y, mnky n +ak anee. Camoe npnmena+enrnoe n .+om
noncenennom srke komne+en+nrx mysrkan+on +o, n+o noannmmee 6onrmnnc+no ero cnon n
<c+p. 10>
non+nn ne nmee+ nnkakoro o+nomenn nn k snyky kak akyc+nneckomy qenomeny, nn k
co6c+nenno cnyxonomy nocnpn+nm. Bosnnkae+ nonpoc: nonemy n kaknm o6pasom
akyc+nneckoe nnenne nepennae+c +ak, kak ecnn 6r ono 6rno qnsnnecknm +enom,
o6naammnm maccon, necom, o6remom, qnsnnecknmn pasmepamn n nonoennem n
npoc+panc+ne, onpeennnon koncnc+ennnen, pkoc+rm, +emnepa+ypon, nne+om, +ak+nnrnrmn
xapak+epnc+nkamn n ae sanaxom n nkycom? Onpeennm nn mr .+o+ qenomen, cney
o6rnam, kak neaekna+nre nocnpn+n, cnnec+esnn, menync+nennre moanrnoc+n nnn
npoc+o acconnannn, .+o ne npn6nnsn+ nac k nonnmannm c+onr saraonnrx, no 6eccnopnrx
xapak+epnc+nk, ko+opre am+ nan6onee nanym ocnony n o6mena knannqnnnponannrmn
cyennmn o mysrke.
Hnc+o cy6rek+nnnrn xapak+ep noo6nrx onncannn (n nocnpn+nn) conepmenno
onennen. Bnykonre kone6ann nosymnon cper ncnepnrnamme onncrnam+c
pacnpeenennem .neprnn n nac+o+nom cnek+pe, n ne+ +akoro qnsnneckoro anannsa+opa,
ko+oprn o6napynn 6r n snykonom cnek+pe n+o-nn6o noxoee na mrkoc+r, pkoc+r nnn
+ec+r. Heaekna+noe nocnpn+ne mysrkanrnoro snynann cy6rek+nnno, no ne
nepconanrno. Ono nn+epcy6rek+nnno, +.e. cnonc+nenno konnek+nnnomy cy6rek+y. Hmenno n
+om cnoe mysrkanrnoro onr+a, re snyk ncnr+rnae+c ye ne kak snyk, a kak nen+o nnoe,
mysrka c+anonn+c onnm n +em e npeme+om n pasnrx cnyma+enen, nx cyenn
connaam+ c nan6onrmen nepo+noc+rm, nonne+c nosmonoc+r o6mesnannmrx
xapak+epnc+nk mysrkn n nsanmononnmann. Kak 6r pesko nn pacxonnncr nnnnre nkycr n
nennoc+nre cyenn cnyma+enen, naxo+ nn onn annoe nponsneenne nocxn+n+enrnrm nnn
o++anknnammnm, nonnymmnm nnn naronmmnm ckyky, onn 6es +pya cornamam+c, kora k+o-
nn6o ynomnnae+ o nocxomen menonn, yrnona+rx nn+epnanax, pesknx kpackax, pnanon
qak+ype n +. n.
dasa nqqepennnannn npemec+nye+ qase cnn+esa n nn+ae+ e. Becr
nqqepennnponannre .nemen+r n nync+nennre kanec+na o6pasym+ cosnesn
c+pyk+ypnre ennc+na, n nnennn n cmene ko+oprx ycma+pnnae+c onpeennna nornka.
Tenepr cnyma+enr c+pemn+c o6renn+r nx n ennc+na nc 6onee kpynnrx nepapxnneckn
cononnnnnrx macm+a6on. B o+nnnne o+ npemec+nymmen c+ann, na ko+opon neymym ponr
nrpae+ nync+nennoe nocnpn+ne, c+an cnn+esa +pe6ye+ mo6nnnsannn ncex ero
nn+ennek+yanrnrx cnoco6noc+en.
<c+p. 11>
Bonee 70 ne+ nasa amepnkancknn ncnxonor Kapn Cnmop nncan:

Mysrkanrnoe mrmnenne .+o cnennannsnponannrn nanrk o6pamenn c
npo6nemamn, nosnnkammnmn n mysrke. Xo+ qopmr n coepanne mysrkanrnon
mrcnn nnre, ona +pe6ye+ +akon e nornneckon xna+kn, kak ma+ema+nka nnn
qnnocoqn. Ma+ema+nk ne o6san 6r+r qnnocoqom, a qnnocoq ma+ema+nkom, no
o6a onn mrcnn+enn. Tonno +ak e xopomnm mrcnn+enem moe+ 6r+r n mysrkan+, ne
nncr nn qnnocoqom, nn ma+ema+nkom. [7]

Hpn cnn+esnponannn c+pyk+ypnrx ennc+n o+nomenn mey o6rek+amn
okasrnam+c nanee camnx o6rek+on. Hen+p nnnmann nepememae+c c no+oka nync+nennrx
o6pason na ap+nkynnnm .+oro no+oka o+ cneonann sa nnm k ero mrcnennon oprannsannn.
Tenepr cnyma+enr c+apae+c sanomnna+r, cpannnna+r, knaccnqnnnpona+r n cone+a+r,
cnsrna+r rpynnr .nemen+on n ennc+na, ennc+na n 6nokn, 6nokn n c+pyk+ypr n +ak anee
o +ex nop, noka pacmnpmmac ce+r c+pyk+yp ne oxna+n+ (n neanrnom cnynae) nc
nponsneenne.
Ecnn na npemec+nymmem .+ane mrcnenna pa6o+a onncrnanacr na srke,
coc+onmem n ocnonnom ns npnnara+enrnrx, +o +enepr n nen npeo6naam+ rnaronr:
mysrkanrnre ennc+na pac+y+, pasnp+rnam+c, menm+ kypc, yckopm+c nnn samenm+c,
yc+pemnm+c nnep nnn nny+c no kpyry; camn e ennc+na n nx o+nomenn
onncrnam+c cymec+nn+enrnrmn mo+nn, qpasa, nepno, pn+m, yc+onnnnoc+r n
neyc+onnnnoc+r, nosnpa+ n non+openne, nsmenenne n kon+pac+, nponopnnonanrnoc+r n
cnmme+pn. A na ncem .+nm napn+ non+ne qopmr o6mero nopka n mysrke.
B nopke ec+r nac+o+enrna neo6xonmoc+r, n6o on nnymae+ nync+no
sakonnennoc+n, nenrnoc+n n o6men rapmonnn. C noc+nennem nenoc+non qopmr
mysrkanrnrn onr+ nrxon+ sa npeenr nnc+o .c+e+nneckoro. On nnymae+ nync+no
ynnnepcanrnoc+n nopka, ennc+na n kpaco+r, c ko+oprm cnyma+enr moe+ o+oec+nn+rc,
nockonrky on coynac+nonan- n ero cosannn. Hopok, o6napyennrn n mysrke, nepennae+c
ne kak o+nnennna ne nnn konkpe+na mrcnr (xo+ c nnm moe+ cnsrna+rc mnoec+no
konkpe+nrx nen), no kak o6pas cnnonoro non onpeennnoro o6rma, qopmr n onep+annn,
na6nmaemoro nsny+pn. H+o6r .+o rny6oko snannmoe nepennanne nosnnkno, nce konkpe+nre
nen n mrcnn onnr ncnesny+r. Taka +pancqopmann +onno +ak e neo6xonma, kak nce
npemec+nymmne.
<c+p. 12>
C karm nepexoom n 6onee nrcoknn cnon o6pe+nnrn onr+ c6pacrnae+ cnoe
npenee +eno n nepenonnomae+c. Fpsr no mysrky onnr pacce+rc, n+o6r cama
mysrka morna 6r+r ycnrmana. Bora+re, nnre acconnannn onnr yc+ynn+r mec+o
o+n+nnnomy cnrmannm cnaraemrx snykonon +kann. B c+pyk+ypnrx ennc+nax camonennoc+r
n nync+nenna nnnnnyanrnoc+r o+enrnrx +onon o+xon+ na n+opon nnan, a nonckn o6mero
nopka n connnennn o+onnram+ nync+nennre kanec+na na nepnqepnm nocnpn+n.
Onako .+n +pancqopmannn ne y6nnam+ coepanne pasnnnnrx qas. Kaa ns nnx
nnocn+ n mysrkanrnrn onr+, cnon nkna, onpeen ero 6ora+c+no n nencnepnaemym
mnororpannoc+r. B nponecce nocnpn+n connnenn .+o+ onr+ nocn+ nocneona+enrnrn
xapak+ep; no sanepmennn e c+anonn+c onomomen+nrm: cnmynr+annrm. hnnnre qan+asnn,
acconnannn, +ona n +ononre o6pasonann, nync+nennre kanec+na n ynoponennre c+pyk+ypr,
ocosnanaemre c 6onrmen nnn menrmen cnoc+rm, cocymec+nym+ na pasnrx nnanax,
npocnennnam+ onn cknosr pyron n okpamnnam+ nenoe.
* * *
Mr ne cmoem non+r, nonemy moanrnoc+n n coepann mysrkanrnoro onr+a na
pasnrx yponnx c+onr pasnnnnr, noka ne o+anm ce6e o+n+ n nx npnnanenoc+n k 6onee
mnpoknm kon+ekc+am nenoneneckoro onr+a n n nx cymec+nennrx pasnnnnx.
O nananrnrx qasax mnoro ronopn+r ne npnxon+c: .+o o6nac+r nnc+o nnnnrx
nkycon n nponsnonrnrx acconnannn, re nepo+noc+r o6mesnannmrx cyennn nnn+ona n
cornacne oc+nrae+c n ocnonnom na 6ase knnmnponannrx cyennn .+on pasmennon
mone+r connanrnon cper.
Ha yponne nqqepennnannn nannnam+ enc+nona+r qak+opr 6onee cnnrnre, nem
nnnnre n connanrno npno6pe+nnre acconnannn. Mono nnmr c+pon+r rnno+esr
o+nocn+enrno nponcxoenn neaekna+nrx nocnpn+nn. Oco6ym saraky npec+annm+
cnnec+esnn. Cnsn mey pasnnnnrmn moanrnoc+mn nync+nennoro nocnpn+n, cmemenn n
nomenr cnyxonrx nnena+nennn spn+enrnrmn, ocsa+enrnrmn, o6on+enrnrmn n +.. mory+
kopenn+rc n neknx pynmen+apnrx nen+pax cnnkpe+nneckoro nocnpn+n, ka-
<c+p. 13>
knm-+o o6pasom nepennmnx nponecc cnennannsannn opranon nync+n n npoonammnx
renepnpona+r cnom nnqopmannm. 3+o npenonoenne ena nn kora-nn6yr yac+c
no+nepn+r nnn onponeprny+r .kcnepnmen+anrno, no, no-nnnmomy, +onrko +ak mono
o6rcnn+r nopasn+enrnoe ennoymne n onenkax pasnnnnrx cnonc+n mysrkanrnoro snynann.
Mrcnenna oprannsann c+pyk+ypnrx ennc+n ns poccrnn mnoroo6pasnrx
nync+nennrx .nemen+on n noccosanne o6mero nopka cnoco6noc+r c+pyk+ypnoro
cnrmann nnn mysrkanrnoro mrmnenn npenonarae+ nannnne, n cymnoc+n, +ex e
nanrkon, ko+opre neo6xonmr n nm6rx nornnecknx onepannn. Brcmnm ynnnepcanrnrm
nrpaennem nornkn co npemn Hnqaropa n nnqaropennen cnn+anacr ma+ema+nka. 3+nm
o6rcne+c xapak+epno sananrn nsrn na npnpoy mysrkanrnon oprannsannn n cmrcn
+eopnn mysrkn, qopmynnpyemrn, nanpnmep, +ak:

Teopn mysrkn a+ o+n+nnnym kap+nny c+pyk+yp, coo+ne+c+nymmnx
yc+anonkam nocnpn+n. B o6mem n nenom .+n c+pyk+ypr nnm+c
ma+ema+nnecknmn cnc+emamn. ...oc+ynnoe nam snanne o mysrkanrnom nponsneennn
.+o snanne pasmepnoc+en ero ma+ema+nneckon c+pyk+ypr... na6op ma+ema+nnecknx
o+nomennn. Cama +epmnnonorn, nocpec+nom ko+opon mr onncrnaem
npoc+panc+nennre n npemennre o+nomenn n mysrke, nmee+ ma+ema+nneckoe
nponcxoenne. [8]

Kasanocr 6r, cnon, n ko+opom mysrkanrnrn onr+ onnpae+c na ynnnepcanrnre
sakonr ma+ema+nkn, onen xapak+epnsona+rc makcnmanrnon cxonmoc+rm n
npeckasyemoc+rm cyennn. H, enc+nn+enrno, c+pyk+ypno-qopmanrnre na6nmenn n
nrnor +eope+nkon pacxo+c o6rnno nnmr n manocymec+nennrx e+anx. Onako +ak eno
o6c+on+ +onrko n rpannnax sananon knaccnneckon mysrkn npnmepno nocnennx 300 ne+.
Teope+nk moe+ ncm nsnr ycnemno +pyn+rc n rpannnax .+oro oc+a+onno
o6mnpnoro n 6ora+oro mnpa, nn pasy ne ycomnnnmncr n ynnnepcanrnoc+n ynpannmmnx nm
sakonon n ae ne noospena o cymec+nonannn pyrnx mysrkanrnrx mnpon, n ko+oprx ero
+eope+nneckne konnennnn n anann+nneckne me+or ne namnn 6r nnkakoro npnmenenn. B
.+om on mor 6r y6en+rc, npn6nnsnnmncr k panonam, rpannnamnm c ero mysrkanrnrm
mnpom, -yrny6nnmncr n npomnoe nnn c+ynnn n o6nac+r conpemennoc+n. Tora on, nepo+no,
nonn 6r, n+o ma+ema+nka n nornka, na ko+oprx ocnonanr ero konnennnn n me+or, nmem+
mano o6mero, na-
<c+p. 14>
npnmep, n c cakpanrnon ma+ema+nkon n cxonac+nneckon nornkon n mysrke pannero Peneccanca
nnn co c+oxac+nneckon ma+ema+nkon n pen+nnnc+ckon nornkon n mysrke XX neka.
Ecnn e nrn+n sa npeenr mnpa mysrkn Banaa, +o enae+c cno, n+o mrcnennoe
onepnponanne a6c+pak+nrmn knasn-reome+pnnecknmn noc+poennmn, nncnonrmn
o+nomennmn n pamn o+nmr ne nne+c ennc+nenno nosmonrm knmnom k nopky n
mysrke. Hopok moe+ onpeen+rc +ake pn+mom rxann (kak .+o xapak+epno n nnc+o
mononnecknx nokanrnrx c+nnen enponenckoro cpenenekonr, nonckoro c+nn Faraky n
mysrkanrnrx +pannnn n pasnrx nac+x cne+a) nnn nnennmn n pn+mamn nenoneneckoro
+ena (kak .+o na6nmae+c n mysrke Bananon Aqpnkn, Knon Amepnkn n Kro-Boc+onnon
Asnn c nx nrcoko pasnn+on kynr+ypon yapnrx nnc+pymen+on).
<-2*0A4*= 3 >-/053
Ecnn mysrkanrnrn onr+ n snann+enrnon c+enenn onpeene+c kynr+ypno-
nc+opnnecknm kon+ekc+om, neo6xonmo xo+ 6r kpa+ko oc+anonn+rc na +om, kak ero ponr
ocnemanacr n nn+epa+ype o mysrke. K nynmemy nnn k xymemy, .+o nenaonro o+nnene+ name
nnnmanne, no+omy n+o, kak nn c+panno, noannmmee 6onrmnnc+no cnennannc+on, nncanmnx o
mysrke, no-nnnmomy, ne naxonno secr npo6nem, oc+onnrx nnnmann.
K nncny peknx ncknmnennn nyno o+nec+n nyx nemenknx ynnrx, pa6o+anmnx n
Amepnke, Kyp+a Bakca n Bnk+opa Hykepkann. O6a onn, xo+ n pasnrmn ny+mn, ncxo+
ns npenonoenn o6 ynnnepcanrnoc+n kon+ekc+a, onpeenmmero qopmoo6pasymmne
npnnnnnr n cmrcn mysrkn noo6me. n nepnoro .+o nesr6nemre sakonr nckycc+na, n
n+oporo sakonr npnpor n npnponoro nocnpn+n.
B knnre Copyec+no nckycc+n Kyp+ Bakc nr+ae+c nrnn+r o6mnn sakon n
o6mym cyr6y, ennc+no yxa n cmrcna n napannenrnom pasnn+nn o+enrnrx nckycc+n. Bo
mnorom ananornnno nonr+ke Fenpnxa Bnrqnnna yc+anonn+r o6mne non+n nnac+nnecknx
nckycc+n, [9] Bakc saanc nenrm onpeenn+r neko+opre ns +annrx sakonon, ynpannmmnx
rnran+cknm mec+nnem nckycc+n cknosr nc+opnm, nknmnammnm mysrky, apxn+ek+ypy,
ckynrn+y-
<c+p. 15>
py n nnonncr, no.snm, pama+yprnm n +anen. On nac+annae+ na +om, n+o cpannnmre c+nnn
cymec+nym+ noncmy n nsmnrx nckycc+nax, mysrke n +anne; n an+nnnoc+n, cpenenekonre
n conpemennoc+n; n Fpennn, dpannnn, H+annnn npn npannnrnom nonnmannn mono
ynne+r, n+o nx pasnoo6pasnre .c+e+nneckne oco6ennoc+n n konennom cn+e ncxo+ ns onon
qynamen+anrnon an+n+esr noc+onc+na n nsmennnnoc+n nnn, n em 6onee rny6okom
cmrcne, noroca n naqoca, no ko+oprmn on nonnmae+ nopok n .kcnpeccnnnoc+r,
anonnonnneckoe n nonncnnckoe nanana. Takonr, na ero nsrn, nonmca, nonepemennoe
+ro+enne k ko+oprm n coc+anne+ nensmennrn sakon nckycc+na. Ho no nnac+rm .+oro
sakona, nnme+ on,

...c+nnr nckycc+na, nepnoe sepkano nenoneka, o6naae+ neorpannnennon cno6oon n
nnkora ne non+ope+ ce6... He+ secr n 6ecnokonnoro nporpecca, c+pemmeroc k
okonna+enrnomy, y+onnneckomy conepmenc+ny... Ho ec+r secr nen+o nynmee, nem
nporpecc: 6ecnpeprnna, nenno nona aan+ann nckycc+na k nepemennnnrm nyam
nenoneka. [10]

B knnre mnoro ronopn+c o connanrnrx nennoc+x, o6rnax n npanax pasnrx c+pan n
.nox, onpeennmnx xyoec+nennre c+nnn n nanpannenn nx nsmenennn. Enponenckoe
nckycc+no nannnae+ npec+ann+rc ennon rnran+ckon cnenon, naxomenc n +om e
kynr+ypnom npoc+panc+ne, n+o n spn+enr, cnenon, na ko+opon pasrrprnae+c mnoec+no
co6r+nn, noc+nnmrx n ennon nepcnek+nne, c ennon +onkn spenn. Ba npeenr .+oro
npoc+panc+na knnra ne nrxon+. Tem camrm o6xon+c camoe cymec+no npo6nemr
kon+ekc+yanrnoc+n mysrkanrnoro onr+a, +pe6ymmen n nepnym oneper nonnmann
nnpanncvnunocvn mnponrx kynr+yp, nnnmann k nonac nopaammnm pasnnnnm nx
cnoco6on nocnpn+n n noneenn, neponannn n cnc+em nennoc+en. K nec+n Bakca cneye+
o+me+n+r, n+o emy nya +enennn npec+ann+r pasnn+ne nckycc+na kak nporpeccnnnym
.nonmnnm o+ menee conepmennoro k 6onee conepmennomy, +enennn, xapak+epna n
nemenkon qnnocoqnn nc+opnn.
B o+nnnne o+ Bakca, Hykepkannr pac+npae+ kon+ekc+ aneko sa rpannnr kynr+ypr
noo6me. B +px knnrax Bnyk n cnmnon (1953), Cmrcn mysrkn (1959) n Henonek-
mysrkan+ (1973) on paccyae+ o mysrke na yponne, re, kak on y+nepae+, ona o+paae+
nakynr+ypnre cymnoc+n. Cornacno ero nosspennm, mysrkon ynpannm+ sakonr, npncymne
nenoneneckon npnpoe kak
<c+p. 16>
+akonon, sakonr cnrmann n noc+nenn, kopenmnec n ycnonnx camoro cymec+nonann
nenoneka. On nnme+:

Ecnn nnenne, npem n npoc+panc+no n qnsnneckom mnpe nac+onrko cxonr c
nnennem, npemenem n npoc+panc+nom, c ko+oprmn nac snakomn+ mnp +onon, +o
mey nnmn onno 6r+r nen+o o6mee, nomnmo nasnannn. na mnpamnp +en n mnp
+onon, qnsnnecknx (ncnxo-nnamnnecknx) n nnc+o nnamnnecknx co6r+nn
noko+c na onom n +om e ocnonannn. [11]

Ho ero mrcnn, mnp, okpyammnn nenoneka, n ero nny+pennnn mnp, nnenne
qnsnnecknx +en n nnenne +onon, nocnpnnnmaemre onnm n +em e cy6rek+om, nrnnm+
n nero ony n +y e peanrnoc+r, necmo+p na pasnnnn e mannqec+annn. Mysrka .+o
+oe npnpoa, nac+annae+ an+op, .+o nonnomenne nnc+o nnamnnecknx, ne-qnsnnecknx,
nensmepnmrx,.. nema+epnanrnrx nanan, coc+annmmnx neo+remnemrn .nemen+ npnpor.
Kopone ronop, mysrka .+o neanrna nnamnnecka moenr mnpa.
Cnona npnpoa, mysrka, nenonek n mysrkanrnrn sakon Hykepkannr
yno+pe6ne+ n ennc+nennom nncne n +ak, kak ecnn 6r kaoe o6osnanano ony ennc+nennym
peanrnoc+r n o6naano onnm ennc+nennrm snanennem. Hpesnrnanno nokasa+enrno, n+o
cnono kynr+ypa conepmenno o+cy+c+nye+ n ero cnonape. Konenno e, on o+a+ ce6e cnrn
o+n+ n cymec+nonannn pasnrx kynr+yp, no, n+o6r non+r, kak nmenno on nonnmae+ pasnnnn
mey nnmn, neo6xonma ononrno nnnna nn+a+a.

Hon+ne mysrka... coo+ne+c+nye+ nekon a6c+pak+non konnennnn. Konkpe+no
mysrka ne 6onee peanrna, nem srk. Peanrno cymec+nye+ ne srk, a
cnennqnneckne srkn, ne mysrka, a cnennqnneckne mysrkn. Bsrkonre rpannnr
cneym+, n o6mem n nenom, nannonanrnrm rpannnam, rpannnr mysrkn coo+ne+c+nym+
rpannnam nnnnnnsannn. Cymec+nye+ sanana mysrka, kn+ancka mysrka, noc+onno-
nnnncka mysrka, mysrka ncnama n +.. Fnannoe, n+o o+nnnae+ ony mysrky o+
pyron, .+o o+6op e +ononoro ma+epnana. Kaa mysrka... ns6npae+ cnon, oco6rn
nopok +onon... Baprepr mey onon mysrkon n pyron ropaso +pynee
npeoone+r, nem srkonre 6aprepr. Mr cnoco6nr nepenon+r c onoro srka na
pyron, no cama ne nepenoa, ckaem, kn+anckon mysrkn na sananrn srk +onon
nne+c onennnrm a6cypom... Xonee mnenne o mysrke kak ynnnepcanrnom srke
nenonenec+na nnmr paso6nanae+ namy nannnym cknonnoc+r cnn+a+r ce6
npec+ann+enen sananon nnnnnnsannn npec+ann+enmn ncero nenonenec+na. [12]

<c+p. 17>
3+a 6eccnopna ne nonopannnae+c neonannon c+oponon n paccyennx
Hykepkann o6 ynnnepcanrnom sakone n konennom kpn+epnn mysrkanrnoc+n.
Mysrka npnpannnnae+c k e nan6onee nrcokopasnn+on qopme k kopnycy nennknx
komnosnnnn... Takoe npnpannnnanne n orpannnenne mory+, onako, nponsnon+rc +onrko c
npnsnannem oco6rx ycnonnn. Hockonrky mr poenr n .+nx oco6rx ycnonnx, mr cknonnr
sa6rna+r, n+o onn xapak+epnsym+ ne nckym mysrky, no nnmr ony qasy n xoe e pasnn+n.
3+o onpeennno nannrcma qasa, no nc e +onrko ona: kynrmnnannonna qasa. [13]
C nepmnnr nosnnrny+on nm .nonmnnonnon nec+nnnr an+op 6es nrcokomepn, a
ckopee cnncxon+enrno, nsnpae+ na oc+anrnre mysrkn; nmec+o nennoc+non mkanr on
pasmemae+ nx na mkane knasn-6nonornneckoro pasnn+n:

B +epmnne napona mysrka ec+r o++enok cno6nsma... Hapona mysrka noo6na
e+c+ny, a ne c+ann .m6pnona; saporm .+o em ne nenoneneckoe cymec+no, kakonrm
nne+c mnaenen. [13]

Becr necomnenammnnc .+nonen+pnsm an+opa nponne+c c nonnon cnoc+rm.
3nonmnn mysrkn npec+annena kak ononnnennrn ny+r, neymnn ko nc 6onee nonnon
peannsannn e npnpor n no+ennnn kak neka me+aqnsnka n nnamnke, nanpannema
6esycnonnrmn cnnamn k konennon nenn. Ho.+omy qopmr mysrkanrnoro onr+a, nosnnkammne
na .+om ny+n, o6naam+ cnepxkynr+ypnon nennoc+rm. A qopmr, xapak+epnre n nrcmen,
kynrmnnannonnon qasr, ynnnepcanrnr, nockonrky n nnx ckonnen+pnponan onr+ ncex
npemec+nymmnx qas. Hyc+r pyrne mysrkn snyna+ +ak, kak npann+c nx cosa+enm:
pasnnnn mey nx +ononrm ma+epnanom n nopkom +onon aknnen+anrnr, nonepxnoc+nr n
ne oco6enno nanr. Bano nnmr +o, nackonrko aneko kaa ns mysrk nponnnynacr no
ny+n .nonmnnn n kakne nac+n namero ynnnepcanrnoro onr+a cneye+ ncnonrsona+r, n+o6r
npannnrno nonnma+r e n cyn+r o nen no oc+onnc+ny.
* * *
Bepa n sananym mysrkanrnym +pannnm kak nceo6remnmmym peannsannm camon
cymnoc+n mysrkn n+ pyka o6 pyky c npene6peennem rny6oknmn pasnnnnmn mey
kynr+ypamn n nx
<c+p. 18>
mysrkamn. O+cma mnpoko pacnpoc+pannnrn npepaccyok mnenne o mysrke kak
ynnnepcanrnom, ne snammnm rpannn srke, ko+opomy kynr+ypnre pasnnnn coo6mam+ nnmr
ononnn+enrnoe kpaconnoe mnoroo6pasne, ne cosana kaknx-nn6o oco6o cnonrx npo6nem.
Onako cnennannc+r, npak+nneckn nsynammne .+o+ nonpoc, ymam+ nnane. Meppnam
nasrnae+ nem ynnnepcanrnoc+n mysrkanrnoro srka noxoom, noc+onno o+nepraemrm
.+no-mysrkoneamn, n anee nn+npye+:

Pasymee+c, mr onnr 6n+enrno ns6era+r omn6onnoro mnenn o mysrke kak
ynnnepcanrnom srke. B mnpe cymec+nye+ mnoec+no mysrkanrnrx o6mnn, xo+,
nepo+no, menrme, nem srkonrx o6mnn. Mnornm ns nnx nsanmononnmanne
neoc+ynno. [15]

Mr nosnonem ce6e npnepnna+rc ynnn+enrnoro mnoec+na neponannn,
ko+opre nac+o cnpanennno nmenym+c nonynpnrmn mnqamn. Onnm ns nnx
nne+c mnenne, n+o mysrka .+o ynnnepcanrnrn srk. Hama mysrka... coc+on+ ns
mnoec+na nanek+on, mnorne ns ko+oprx +ak e nsanmno nenoc+nnmr, kak
nanek+r srka. [16]

C+oponnnk +eopnn ynnnepcanrnoc+n mysrkn, nepo+no, npnsnae+, n+o n nrpaennn
konnennnn n nen mysrka neckonrko neonpeennna n ne moe+ cpannnna+rc c srkom, no
npn .+om ykae+, n+o ona o6naae+ nnon n neo+pasnmon cnoco6noc+rm nrsrna+r .monnn,
moe+ cnn+a+rc oco6rm srkom .monnn, n n+o nmenno no .+on npnnnne ona ne +pe6ye+ n ne
onyckae+ nepenoa. Hpn kaymenc y6en+enrnoc+n .+oro onoa on ne nrepnnae+
nponepkn na npak+nke. 3+nomysrkone, cnennanrno nccneonanmnn .monnonanrnrn o+knnk
o6n+a+enen epennn n hn6epnn na camre kpacnopennnre o6pasnr sananon mysrkn, 6rn
nrnyen npnn+n k cneymmemy saknmnennm:

Mysrka, ko+opa nrpaae+ .monnn n nenoneka snakomoro c mysrkon n
.monnmn n sananom o6mec+ne, ne nrpaae+ .monnn n cnyma+enen, nr
mysrkanrnoe n connanrnoe nocnn+anne o+nnnae+c o+ nocnn+ann, nonynennoro
komnosn+opom an+opom .+on mysrkn. [17]

K .+omy nrckasrnannm Meppnam o6anne+: Mon co6c+nennrn onr+ snakomc+na
aqpnkannen c sananon mysrkon 6rn cxonrm. H+o6r non+r, n+o n nepeane .monnn
mysrka nnny+r ne 6onee onpeennna, nem n nepeane non+nn, ne o6sa+enrno o+npann+rc n
Aqpnky. Honynpnrn mnq npena+ sa6nyennmn ae n
<c+p. 19>
npeenax mnnmo ennon sananon +pannnn. Kyp+ Bakc npnnon+ onn ns mnoec+na
nosmonrx npnmepon.

ae ceron nonynpnre nc+opnn mysrkn npespn+enrno o+srnam+c o
nosnem cpenenekonre, ko+opoe ko6r ckonrnano ymy mysrkn
kon+panynk+nnecknmn +pmkamn n yxnmpennmn. 3+o ono6okoe neo6ocnonannoe
cyenne xapak+epno n poman+nnecknx nepnoon, npec+ann+enn ko+oprx
nac+onrko y6eenr, n+o xyoec+nennoe nponsneenne onno 6r+r nanpanneno
ncknmnn+enrno na .monnm, n+o n nm6om aknen+nponannn c+pyk+ypr nn+
nperpemenne n npnsnak nonepxnoc+noc+n. [18]
* * *
Taknm o6pasom, n cnsx mey mysrkon n e nosenc+nnem ne+, no-nnnmomy, nnnero
6esycnonnoro nnnero, n+o mono 6rno 6r npnn+r sa akcnomy. Oc+ae+c npenonon+r,
n+o n kaon kynr+ype enc+nye+ neka ckpr+a cnc+ema, ynpannmma .monnonanrnrmn,
nync+nennrmn, nn+ennek+yanrnrmn n nponnmn peaknnmn cnyma+en. Hecnoco6noc+r
onyc+n+r cymec+nonanne +aknx kpn+nneckn nanrx cnc+em ncknmnae+ enc+nn+enrno
o6rek+nnnrn noxo k npo6nemam coepann n qynknnonnponann mysrkn.
hm6oe cyenne o mysrke nk+ye+c mysrkanrnrm onr+om. Hcnr+rna+r,
nepenna+r mysrky snann+ coynac+nona+r n nen 6r+r npnnac+nrm, a coynac+ne,
npnnac+noc+r .+o noneenne, dopmr ko+oporo nenonek ycnannae+ n onpeennnon connanrnon
n kynr+ypnon cpee. Cneye+ nonepkny+r, nepeqpasnpy rmn, n+o dopmr mysrkanrnoro
noneenn enc+nym+ c+onr .qqek+nnno, no+omy n+o onn 6eccosna+enrnr n kay+c
sanoennrmn n camon npnpoe mysrkn. B enc+nn+enrnoc+n e onn sanoenr n npnpoe
kynr+ypr, k ko+opon npnnanen+ annrn mysrkanrnrn cy6rek+.
Hoka co6c+nenna kynr+ypa nocnpnnnmae+c kak nen+o camo co6on pasymemmeec,
npncymne en c+epeo+nnr mysrkanrnoro noneenn nepacnosnanaemr. H+o6r non+r nx
cnennqnnnoc+r, o+nocn+enrnoc+r, orpannnennoc+r neo6xonmo ynne+r nx n 6onee mnpoknx
kon+pac+nrx kon+ekc+ax pasnrx kynr+yp, n n .+nx kon+ekc+ax conoc+ann+r.

<c+p. 20>
?0@>-5,2=; 8@=A
Mrcnr o mysrke kak kynr+ypnom nnennn nnonne 6ananrna. Takne mrcnn ne
oc+annm+ mec+a n nonpocon: npannna, nk+yemre kynr+ypon, ycnannam+c cy6rek+om +ak
e rny6oko n oprannnno, kak npannna ponoro srka, n noneenne, onpeenemoe .+nmn
necosnanaemrmn npannnamn, npec+anne+c emy a6conm+no oprannnnrm, cno6onrm,
ec+ec+nennrm: nopmon noneenn noo6me. O cnennqnnnoc+n .+nx npannn nenonek moe+
nana+r orarna+rc +onrko n ncknmnn+enrnon cn+yannn, kora npnnrnnrn ak+ noneenn
a+ nenpennennrn pesynr+a+. onrnn n +pynrn ny+r pasene+ na, na nepnrn nsrn,
+oec+nennre onpeenenn mysrkn kak kynvypnoro nnnennn n kak nponnnennn
kynvypm.
ae .+nomysrkoneenne, ko+opomy ec+ec+nenno 6rno 6r naxon+rc n
nepmanen+nom coc+onnn kynr+ypnoro moka, onenr ne ckopo npnmno k ocosnannm .+oro
pasnnnn. Bcero ne+nep+r neka nasa Meppnam ce+onan na ero kynr+ypnym cneno+y.
On onpeene+ .+nomysrkoneenne kak nsynenne mysrkn n kynr+ype n nr+ae+c
nocc+anonn+r nac+omnn cmrcn .+nx npnnrnnrx cnon, c+p+rx onrnm 6esymnrm
yno+pe6nennem.

H+o6r non+r .+o onpeenenne, nano +ma+enrno o6rcnn+r ero. Ono ncxon+ ns
+on ckpr+on npenocrnkn, n+o [...] mysrkanrnoe snynanne nne+c pesynr+a+om
noneennecknx nponeccon nenoneka, ko+opre o6ycnonnenr n qopmnpym+c
nennoc+mn, y6eennmn n neponannmn nmen, coc+annmmnx annym kynr+ypy.
Mysrka npoyk+ nenoneneckon e+enrnoc+n, ko+oprn o6naae+ c+pyk+ypon,
no e c+pyk+ypa ne cymec+nye+ nesanncnmo, n o+prne o+ noponnmero e noneenn.
H+o6r non+r, nonemy anna mysrka o6naae+ nmenno +akon, a ne kakon-nn6o nnon
c+pyk+ypon, mr onnr non+r, nonemy noponnmee e noneenne nmenno +akono,
non+r ero nny+pennnn nopok, ko+oprn npnnn k cosannm annon qopmr
oprannsonannoro snynann. [19]

B nm6on kynr+ype mysrka .+o nnmr ono ns mnoec+na e nponnennn, n cnona
Meppnama c ne menrmnm ocnonannem npnnonmr k pyrnm nponnennm kynr+ypr ne
+onrko k o6nac+n nckycc+n, no n k nonn+nke, +opronne, nnnoma+nn n +.. B .+nx o6nac+x, n
o6c+anonke nn+encnnnenmnx meynaponrx kon+ak-
<c+p. 21>
+on, nonnmanne kynr+ypno cnennqnnnrx moenen noneenn npno6pe+ae+ kpn+nneckym
nanoc+r. Kak samenae+ 3nap Xonn,

B snannn kynr+ypnon cnennqnkn kak orpomnon ce+n kommynnkannn ne 6rno 6r
qak+nneckn nnkakon neo6xonmoc+n, ecnn 6r ne na o6c+o+enrc+na: nama
nospac+amma nonnennnoc+r n nsnn nmen no ncex nac+x mnpa n nepememnnanne
cy6kynr+yp nny+pn namen co6c+nennon c+panr...
onroe npem cnn+anocr, n+o onr+ .+o +o o6mee, n+o pasenm+ nce nmn, n+o
ncera ec+r nosmonoc+r kak-nn6yr o6on+n pasnnnn srkon n kynr+yp n
yc+anonn+r kon+ak+ c pyrnm nenonekom, onnpacr na o6mnoc+r onr+a. 3+a
6eccosna+enrna (a nnora n cosna+enrna) ynepennoc+r ncxon+ ns y6eenn, n+o
kora na nenoneka c+anknnam+c c onnm n +em e onr+om, onn n +e e annre
noc+ynam+ n nx mosr, n o6a mosra qnkcnpym+ nx onnakonrm o6pasom.
Cpannn+enrnre nccneonann sac+annm+ noneprny+r .+o y6eenne ceprsnomy
comnennm oco6enno, kora penr n+ o necxonx kynr+ypax. [20]

Hccneonanne, nponennoe Xonnom, nrpocno ns ero pa6o+r no npann+enrc+nennon
nporpamme n nnnoma+on n +exnnnecknx .kcnep+on, ko+oprm npec+ono pa6o+a+r n pyrnx
c+panax. Ona nosnnkna nocne +oro, kak c+ano cno, n+o mnorne neyann n omn6kn
amepnkancknx npec+ann+enen sa py6eom o6rcnm+c nx nannnrm y6eennem, n+o
oc+anrnon mnp nnnem ne o+nnnae+c o+ Amepnkn, n n+o n nm6on c+pane onn mory+
nync+nona+r n nec+n ce6 ec+ec+nennrm n nnx o6pasom. Baana pa6o+r, npoenannon
Xonnom, n ero knnrn Besmonnnrn srk 6rna cyry6o npak+nneckon: naynn+r amepnkannen
koppek+npona+r cno noneenne sa py6eom o6rnamn nnrx kynr+yp n npannnrno
nc+onkonrna+r c+pannre peaknnn nx samopcknx nap+npon. Onako, 6yynn ceprsnrm
nccneona+enem, Xonn nonr+anc ocne+n+r npo6nemy 6onee cnc+ema+nnno, n na .+om ny+n on
qopmynnpye+ neko+opre nonre n npoyk+nnnre nen. Ona ns nnx kacae+c ncnxnnecknx
yponnen kynr+ypr. On nnme+:

Hoka ncnxonorn o6pamam+c k an+pononornn, n+o6r 6onrme ysna+r o nenoneke
kak connanrnom cymec+ne, an+pononorn ncnonrsym+ ncnxoanann+nneckne +eopnn,
nr+acr nrpa6o+a+r 6onee yonne+nopn+enrnre +eopnn kynr+ypr. Ona ns nan6onee
cymec+nennrx sanmc+nonannrx +eopnn y+nepae+, n+o kynr+ypa cymec+nye+ na.
nyx yponnx: ec+r nna kynr+ypa, ko+opa oc+ynna na6nmennm n onncannm, n
ckpr+a, nennnma kynr+ypa, noc+nenne ko+opon cosa+ +pynoc+n ae n
onr+noro na6nma+en. [21]

<c+p. 22>

Xonn nmee+ n nny o6menpnsnannym nxo+omnm, onpeenemym kak cosna+enrnoe-
6eccosna+enrnoe (dpen), cosnanaemoe 6eso+n+noe (Cannnn.n), nnoe-nopasymenaemoe
n, nakonen, qopmanrnoe neqopmanrnoe. Co cnoen c+oponr, on pasnnnae+ ne na, a +pn
yponn, na ko+oprx kynr+ypno cnennqnnnre moenn noneenn nepeam+c n ycnannam+c.
On onpeene+ nx kak qopmanrnrn, neqopmanrnrn n +exnnnecknn. Fonop kopo+ko, k
nepnomy npnnanea+ moenn noneenn, ko+opre nocnpnnnmam+c kak nen+o camo co6on
pasymemmeec, 6esycnonnoe, ne npenonarammee o6rcnennn; ko n+opomy moenn,
nepennmaemre ny+m nopaann o6pasnam, npo6 n omn6ok; k +pe+remy moenn noneenn,
ko+opre nepeam+c n nponecce o6ynenn nocpec+nom cnonecnrx nnc+pyknnn.
Hy+n qopmnponann moenen mysrkanrnoro noneenn ec+ec+nenno nonaam+ no
.+o pasenenne.
B nm6om o6mec+ne mysrka nne+c nenpemennon ynac+nnnen noncenennon nsnn
.nemen+om cper, n ko+opon karn nnen o6mec+na nn+ c momen+a poenn, nnn+rna
e nsnynenn 6ecnncnennrmn ny+mn. 3+a cpea nosenc+nye+ na nmen nepes +ak
nasrnaemrn n+opon kanan nacnec+nennoc+n, qopmnpy nx ymr, kynr+nnnpy
onpeennnre nync+nennre, mo+opnre n nponne cnoco6noc+n +onno +ak e, kak rene+nnecka
nacnec+nennoc+r onpeene+ nx qnsnneckym konc+n+ynnm. Xapak+epnre snynann cnonx
ronocon n nnc+pymen+on, cnon menonn, pn+mr n +em6pr, oco6ennoc+n manepr nenn n
nrpr, +annenanrnre nnenn n ec+r nc .+o nnn+rnae+c, ycnannae+c n ocnannae+c
npak+nneckn, noo6no qonemam, cnonam n rpamma+nnecknm c+pyk+ypam ponoro srka.
Moenmn .+oro, Q-.>+5J2-E- yponn nnymam+c cnon+annre cyenn o mysrke n
ncnonnennn, nnc+nnk+nnnre nepaccyammne enc+nn mysrkan+on, ko+opre o6rcnm+c
npoc+o: +ak onno 6r+r, +ak npnn+o, +ak enae+c ncera.
Konkpe+nrm, cnennqnnecknm yc+anonkam n nanrkam, onpeenmmnm mysrkanrnym
komne+en+noc+r, nenrs naynn+r ; nm mono +onrko naynn+rc na co6c+nennom onr+e
npak+nneckoro o6pamenn c mysrkon, nocpec+nom cneonann yc+anonnennrm o6pasnam n
nopaann npnmepy onr+nrx mysrkan+on, noc+onnon nponepkn n y+onnenn 6ananca mey
cnonmn enc+nnmn n nnemnen cpeon n noc+enennon kpnc+annnsannn co6c+nennoro c+nn n
nnnnnyanrnoc+n. Fperopn Ben+con onpeene+ .+o+ nponecc kak deutero-learning
n+opnnnoe o6ynenne (n o+nnnne o+ proto-learning sy6pkn), kak nrpa6o+ky ymenn
ynn+rc, pasnn+ne
<c+p. 23>
mrcnn+enrnrx nanrkon, cnoco6noc+n naxon+r pemenn ne npoc+o nac+nrx konkpe+nrx
npo6nem, no nenrx knaccon npo6nem:

Cy6rek+ ynn+c opnen+npona+rc n onpeennnrx +nnax kon+ekc+on, nnane
ronop, npno6pe+ae+ cnoco6noc+r npospena+r kon+ekc+r pemenn npo6nem. [22]

Ha .+om, 20Q-.>+5J2-> yponne cyenn o mysrke n o6rcnenn co6c+nennoro
mysrkanrnoro noneenn o6rnno am+c n qopme ccrnok na nrcokne an+opn+e+r,
npeneen+r n nynmne o6pasnr cnoero nckycc+na.
Hoo6no ncem nponnm o6nac+m +nopneckon e+enrnoc+n nenoneka, mysrkanrna
npak+nka npenonarae+ ynac+ne nn+ennek+a: cnoco6noc+r mrmnenn, paccyenn,
o6o6menn n +.. Pa6o+a mrcnn onnpae+c na cnona, nncna, o6pasr, oxna+rna neo6r+no
mnpokne o6nac+no+ reome+pnn n nornkn o mnqonornn n kocmonornn. C nesanam+nrx
npemn n no ncex nsnec+nrx kynr+ypax ncenosmonoro poa +eope+nsnponanne o mysrke 6rno
neo+ennmo o+ nponecca o6ynenn. Bnaroap ncnonrsonannm pasnnnnrx me+asrkon mysrka
nnonnacr n 6ora+re kon+ekc+r mrcnn, nnc+nnk+r npenpamanncr n snanne, noepnnanncr
kanonr onnoro mysrkanrnoro noneenn n npeemc+nennoc+r mysrkanrnon +pannnn. Hpn
ncen necpannnmoc+n .+nx me+asrkon, mono y+nepa+r, n+o *0X23F04A3; yponenr nepeann
mysrkanrnon kynr+ypr onnakono naen n conpemennrx koncepna+opnx, +pannnonnrx
o6mec+nax n y nepno6r+nrx nnemn.
Kynr+ypno cnennqnnnre moenn mysrkanrnoro noneenn ycnannam+c napannenrno
na ncex +px yponnx. Hpoyk+om .+oro noneenn moe+ 6r+r ornymn+enrno momnoe
snynanne 6onrmoro opkec+pa nnn ena cnrmnre nn6pannn c+pyn kn+anckoro nnn. Ho npannna
.+oro noneenn ncera ckpr+r: srk kynr+ypr 6esmonnen. Cmrcn coo6menn ne
nepennnae+c nmec+e co snynannem n ymr cnyma+enen, no noccosa+c, npe+nope+c camnm
cnyma+enem c 6onrmen nnn menrmen nonno+on n aekna+noc+rm n sanncnmoc+n o+ ero
rny6nnr ycnoenn annon kynr+ypr. Becr +exnnneckne onncann 6eccnnrnr: pacnosna+r n
knaccnqnnnpona+r nopok +onon nnn pn+m .+o concem ne +o e camoe, n+o ncnr+a+r nrcmym
peanrnoc+r, nocnpnnnmaemym komne+en+nrm cnyma+enem n nrpe +onon n pn+mon.
Kommynnkann nosmona +onrko npn ycnonnn nen+nnnoc+n npannn noneenn
koon coo6menn na o6onx e konnax. Xonn qopmynnpye+ .+o ycnonne n camrx
pemn+enrnrx nrpaennx:
<c+p. 24>

He cymec+nye+ +akon nemn kak onr+ noo6me, kak nen+o o+enrnoe n o+nnnnoe
o+ kynr+ypr. Kynr+ypa ne nsnnekae+c ns onr+a n ne o+paae+c n nm. Onr+ .+o +o,
n+o nenonek npoennpye+ na okpyammnn ero mnp, npno6pe+a cnon onr+ n kynr+ypno
e+epmnnnponannon qopme... Mr pacnonaraem pac+ymen maccon annrx,
ykasrnammnx na +o, n+o nenonek ne nmee+ npmoro oc+yna k onr+y kak +akonomy,
no n+o cymec+nye+ na6op nocpec+nymmnx moenen, ko+opre ynpannm+ ero
nync+namn n mrcnrm, nrsrna n nm onpeennnre peaknnn, n +o npem kak pyron
nenonek, naennnrn pyrnmn moenmn, 6ye+ pearnpona+r nnane +ak, kak
nonenenae+ ero onr+. [23]

?0@-7+42=0 *B73A3 3 .34A-,+22=0 -CD0@/=
Becr mr okasrnaemc nepe +pynrm nonpocom: kaknm o6pasom cneye+ (n, noo6me,
nosmono nn) nsyna+r onr+ xo+ 6r cqopmnponannrn co6c+nennon kynr+ypon, ne ronop
ye o6 nnrx, o+nnnnrx kynr+ypax, ecnn on nenocpec+nenno neoc+ynen ae cnoemy
o6naa+enm? 3+o+, me+oonornneckn npesnrnanno nanrn nonpoc kacae+c, no-nepnrx,
snanenn na6nmaemrx annrx n, no-n+oprx, me+oon o6o6menn.
Hpnnepennr c+poro o6rek+nnnoro noxoa sannm+, n+o 6ason n ncxonrm
ma+epnanom nm6oro nccneonann onnr cnyn+r qak+r neo6pa6o+annre
na6nmenn. An+op onon ns c+a+en n konnek+nnnon monorpaqnn o nenep6anrnrx
kommynnkannx o+c+annae+ +pannnonnrn 6nxennopnc+cknn nsrn na nc+onnnk +aknx
na6nmennn:

C+apacr non+r, n+o nponcxon+ npn nenep6anrnrx kommynnkannx, mr o6rnno
nnmenr nosmonoc+n cnpocn+r nn+epecymmee nac nno+noe n+o, no ero mnennm,
ono enae+, nr+ae+c nnn co6npae+c ena+r. Co6nasnn+enrno saknmnn+r, n+o nepnrn
naynnrn noxo +pe6ye+ o+6pocn+r nce noo6nre konnennnn n orpannnn+rc
nen+panrnrm coo6mennem o koppennnx mey ak+amn na6nmaemoro noneenn.
[24]

He nccneonann, ocnonannoro na nen+panrno sapernc+pnponannrx koppennnx,
+ak e c+apa, kak knaccnnecka nayka, opnen+nponanmac na qnsnky. Bnxennopnc+y
npec+anne+c, n+o .+o+ ny+r rapan+npye+ ero o6rek+nnnoc+r n ncknmnn+ onacnoc+r
an+ponomopqnsma npnnncrnann nno+nomy nenonenecknx nync+n n cnoco6noc+en. Ho
me+o, nrpa6o+annrn n nsynennn
<c+p. 25>
sakonon nnep+non nennon ma+epnn, okasrnae+c c+ko orpannnennrm npn nsynennn
noneenn nno+nrx, oco6enno ero nrcmnx qopm, nepeko nenenanpannennrx, cnon+annrx, n
nsnec+nom cmrcne, +nopnecknx. Kora e nenonek nr+ae+c non+r noneenne pyrnx nmen,
on nonaae+ n conepmenno nnym cn+yannm: secr o6rek+ n cy6rek+ npnnanea+ k onomy
6nonornneckomy nny n nc+penam+c kak pannre. onen nn nccneona+enr n n .+om cnynae
npnnnma+r n pacne+ +onrko annre co6c+nennrx na6nmennn? Hr+acr ns6ea+r rpexa
an+ponomopqnsma, ne nnaae+ nn on n .+om cnynae n rpex soomopqnsma nnn, em xye,
mexannnnsma? O+ne+ na .+n nonpocr a+ pyron ynac+nnk nckyccnn:

B cnynae nenoneka .+o+ npnnnnn nenpnnonm. Ero coo6paenn o nponcxomem
coc+annm+ nen+panrnym nac+r annrx, oc+ynnrx anannsy... B o6rnnrx ycnonnx
npnnrnnre enc+nn conepmam+c nnnnnyymamn, ko+opre cnn+am+, n+o onn
snam+, n+o enam+, n na c+a+ycom nx y6eennn cneye+ nopasmrcnn+r. [25]

Cnne+enrc+na nnqopman+on 6ecnennr. Onako, nem +ma+enrnee nccneona+enr
co6npae+, qnkcnpye+ n anannsnpye+ nonynennre o+ nnx annre, +em cnonee n
npo6nema+nnnee c+anonn+c nx ncnonrsonanne. Pano nnn nosno on o+a+ ce6e o+n+ n +om,
n+o nmee+ eno c nep6annsonannrmn pannonannsannmn, py+nnnrmn cnonecnrmn onncannmn
+annrx nponeccon, ko+opre on cnnn+c non+r. Mr xopomo snaem, nackonrko nonepxnoc+nr
n o6mannnnr +akne onncann ae no o+nomennm k nnennm namen e co6c+nennon
kynr+ypr. Onn nens6eno cxema+nnnr, c+epeo+nnnr, ynpomenr n +ak e anekn o+
onncrnaemon peanrnoc+n, kak cnona -o+ nemen, nmn o6osnanaemrx.

Hnora n o+ ncnonnn+en, n o+ na6nma+en +pe6ym+c snann+enrnre ycnnn,
n+o6r nanon+r neknn cnn+akcnnecknn nopok na cepnm co6r+nn, ko+opa kae+c
nponsnonrnon. Hac+o an+pononor, na6nmammnn kakon-nn6o pn+yan, ena ysna+ n
nm npec+annenne pamr, ko+opa ncero sa neckonrko nacon o +oro 6rna onncana
emy cnonecno. [26]

Bo6anok cneye+ nanomnn+r o nnc+o npak+nnecknx +pynoc+x, nens6eno
nosnnkammnx npn o6mennn c npec+ann+enmn pyrnx kynr+yp,o neconepmenc+ne snann nx
srkon, ncenosmonrx +a6y n ckpr+noc+n, o6rnno cony+c+nymmen o6mennm c nyakamn. Ho
ena nn ne camon +pyno npeoonnmon nperpaon na
<c+p. 26>
ny+n k naynno-o6rek+nnnomy nsynennm qenomenon kynr+ypr nne+c cam nccneona+enr.
Hr+acr non+r 6esmonnnrn srk nnon kynr+ypr, on neocosnanno cneye+ npannnam
cnoen co6c+nennon kynr+ypr. Bep6anrnre n nenep6anrnre enc+nn ynac+nnkon +akon
kommynnkannn nponennam+c cknosr nonnon qnnr+p necxonx kynr+ypnrx ma+pnn:
konponannre onon kynr+ypon, onn sa+em nc+onkonrnam+c n kon+ekc+e pyron. Bcno, n+o
npn .+om nan6onee nenna nnqopmann oceae+ na qnnr+pax, ne oc+nra apeca+a. Hsyna
mysrky pyron kynr+ypr, on nme+ (n, konenno e, naxon+) n nen .nemen+r n o+nomenn,
connaammne, conoc+annmre nnn npoc+o cxone c +emn, ko+opre o+nenam+ ero cnyxonrm
nnc+nnk+am n anann+nnecknm nanrkam.
donrknopnc+r o+am+ ce6e o+n+ n +akoro poa a6eppannx, kora nm onon+c
pacmnqponrna+r n +panckpn6npona+r o6pasnr naponon mysrkn. Ho nonnmanne +oro, n+o
kynr+ypno e+epmnnnponannre a6eppannn nosnnkam+ noncmy, menenno nponnkae+ n
cosnanne nmen.
Ap+yp Kc+nep, yennmnn .+on npo6neme oco6oe nnnmanne, nncan o ...namem
penep+yape 2+,=A-, ,-47.38*38 npannn nrpr, nosnonmmnx nam ycma+pnna+r cmrcn n
nsmennnnon mosanke omymennn, enc+nymmnx an+oma+nneckn n 6eccosna+enrno.

Mr ne moem ne nc+onkonrna+r npnpoy kak oprannsannm nac+en nny+pn
nac+en... n +am, re c+pyk+ypa ne onennna nnn nepasnnnnma, nam ym cosa+ e, nn
6a6onek n nepnnnrnrx knkcax n nep6nmon n o6nakax. [27]...Bocnpn+ne .+o
nac+nnno nponna, nac+nnno npno6pe+nna cnoco6noc+r +pancqopmnpona+r
crpon ma+epnan omymennn n sakonnennrn npoyk+; n karn nc+opnnecknn
nepno pacnonarae+ cnonmn npnn+rmn qopmynamn n me+oamn +akoro
nc+onkonann.[28]
* * *
B nny ncex .+nx cnonoc+en nornnno saa+rc nonpocom: enc+nn+enrno nn annre
na6nmennn, ae ecnn onn nonynenr ns nepnrx pyk, mory+ cnn+a+rc naynno o6rek+nnnrmn
qak+amn? Cmsann hanrep o+nenae+ na .+o+ nonpoc co ncen onpeennnoc+rm:

Mr, nepo+no, cornacnmc n rnannom: Q+A* Z*- 32*0550A*B+5J2-
4Q-.>B53.-,+22-0 co6r+ne, qopmynnpye+c nn ono n nponecce nnc+oro na6nmenn,
cnonecnoro nc+onkonann nnn o+ne+noro enc+nn. [29].

<c+p. 27>
Onako npec+ann+enn .kcnepnmen+anrnrx ncnnnnnn ne pasenm+ .+o y6eenne.
B 6onrmnnc+ne cnom onn npoonam+ ncxon+r ns nepr n +o, n+o qak+r nepnam+c ns camon
peanrnoc+n n saknmnam+ nac+nnr nc+nnr, n n+o no.+omy nx co6npanne n o6o6menne nnane
ronop, me+o nnyknnn, nne+c ennc+nenno nepnrm ny+m nosnann.
O+cma nosnnkae+ n+opon nonpoc: mono nn 6r ynepennrm n +om, n+o naynnre
sakonr, o6rnaemre na .+om ny+n, enc+nn+enrno onnpam+c na qak+r n o+paam+ peanrnre
o+nomenn mey nnmn? Pyonrq Apnxenm samenae+ no .+omy nonoy:

Hnyknn, o6rnno onpeenema kak nponecc nrnnenn npnnnnnon nocpec+nom
na6nmenn n o6rennenn nac+nrx cnynaen, npenonarae+ nrno saknmnennn
o6mero xapak+epa ns +oro, n+o 6rno yc+anonneno na6nmennem n neko+opom nncne
cnynaen.. Tenepr 6onrmnnc+no +eope+nkon cornacnnocr 6r co cneymmnmn cnonamn
Moppnca Ko.na: nayka nnkora ne enae+ nrnoon ns nync+nennrx annrx, ecnn ne
nnn+ n nnx nponnenne nnn nnnmc+pannm onpeennnrx npnnnnnon ynnnepcanrnoro
snanenn... Onako 6pn+ancknn ynnrn H. B. Mnayop ce+ye+, n+o ae +enepr
o6rnnre o6rcnenn nponecca naynnrx o+kpr+nn cknonnr noepnna+r nonoe
y6eenne, n+o qak+r co6npanncr 6es kakoro-nn6o npec+annenn o +om, n+o onn
mory+ ckasa+r. Bam npnxon+c npn+nop+rc, n+o nam ym .+o nekoe enc+nennoe
nmec+nnnme, nyc+on cocy, ko+oprn npnnnmae+ no+ok nnqopmannn ns nnemnero
mnpa, ne pykonoc+nycr kaknmn-nn6o co6c+nennrmn coo6paennmn. [30]

O6rek+nnnoc+r npenonarae+ 6ecc+pac+ne, 6eckoprc+nym, 6espasenrnym
sann+epeconannoc+r nccneona+en cnonm o6rek+om. B enc+nn+enrnoc+n e nccneona+enr
nnkora ne 6rnae+ 6ecc+pac+nrm. On namenae+ nenn, onpeene+ npo6nemr, c+ann+
konkpe+nre nonpocr. On nn+epecye+c ne peanrnoc+rm noo6me, no e onpeennnrmn
acnek+amn +emn, ko+opre nxo+ n cqepy komne+ennnn ero cnennannsnponannon
ncnnnnnnr, mory+ nsyna+rc e me+oamn na ocnone nakonnennoro em onr+a.,
Bepa nccneona+en n cnom nenpnnac+noc+r .+o camoo6man; o6rek+r, ko+opre
kay+c emy ne+pony+o enc+nennrmn, n enc+nn+enrnoc+n qa6pnkym+c nm camnm. On ne
nrnn+rnae+ cnon snann ns npecnony+on Knnrn Hpnpor, a nrxna+rnae+ ns ne n cone+ae+
o+enrnre cnona, ko+opre kay+c emy oco6enno nanrmn. Knnra Hpnpor 6esrpannnna n
nceo6remnmma, no ona ne nanncana na nenoneneckom srke. H+o6r nsnnenr ns ne neknn
cmrcn, nccneona+enr nonrsye+c srkamn cnoen kynr+ypr, c+panr n npoqeccnn n, n
coo+ne+c+nnn c nx npannnamn, yc+anannnnae+ rpannnr n
<c+p. 28>
onep+ann cnoero onr+noro non, o+6npae+, knaccnqnnnpye+ n naknennae+ pnrkn. Ecnn 6r
nnc+a nnyknn enc+nn+enrno cymec+nonana, +o ona cenana 6r nenosmonrm ne +onrko
naynnoe nosnanne, no n o6rnnoe nync+nennoe nocnpn+ne.
Fperopn Ben+con ncnomnnae+ n .+on cnsn o6 o+kpr+nn, ko+opoe emy onenocr
cena+r n o6mennn c ynnnepcn+e+cknmn c+yen+amn.

Karn ro nocne +px nnn ne+rpx san+nn men cnpamnnann: O nm noo6me
.+o+ kypc?... Hoc+enenno nonn, nonemy mne 6rno +pyno o+ne+n+r na .+o+
nonpoc: nx c+nnr mrmnenn o+nnnanc o+ moero. Hx naynnnn, n+o mrcnn+r n
okasrna+r nyno 32/BA*3,2- o+ annrx k rnno+esam,no ne nonep+r rnno+esr
snannmn, nonynennrmn /0/BA*3,2=> ny+m na ocnone qynamen+anrnrx npnnnnnon
naykn nnn qnnocoqnn... annre .+o ne co6r+n n o6rek+r, no ncera onncann
nnn nocnomnnann o co6r+nx n o6rek+ax. Tpancqopmann nnn qnkcnponanne
co6r+n ncera n+oprae+c kak nocpec+nymmee sneno mey nccneona+enem n ero
o6rek+om... C+poro ronop, ne+ annrx, ko+opre 6rnn 6r enc+nn+enrno crprmn:
kaa qnkcann co6r+n +ak nnn nnane noneprnacr peak+nponannm n
+pancqopmannn nenonekom nnn ero nnc+pymen+amn... O6rcnenne .+o
pasmemenne annrx na kap+e qynamen+anrnrx npnnnnnon, no nenrm, naykn
nne+c ynennnenne qynamen+anrnoro snann. [31]

Hocnenee moe+ osaann+r nn+a+en: n+o +akoe qynamen+anrnoe snanne?
qynamen+anrnre npnnnnnr? O+kya onn 6epy+c, ecnn mr ne moem ysna+r o nnx nepes
.mnnpnnecknn onr+? Ha .+n nonpocr ne+ pannonanrnoro o+ne+a. Mr npoc+o @2+0>, n+o
qynamen+anrnoe snanne cymec+nye+, n+o ono oc+ynno, nesamennmo n npoyk+nnno. 3+o
snanne a+c nepon, na ko+opon nayka ocnonrnae+c, nac+o ne o+ana ce6e n .+om o+n+a,
nepon n ennc+no mnpa, n napmnn n nm nencnepnaemrn nopok, oc+ynnrn noc+nennm,
xo+ 6r nenonnomy, nac+nre acnek+r ko+oporo mory+ nonynn+r nrpaenne n
.kcnepnmen+anrno no+nepaemrx naynnrx konnennnx-sakonax. Kak o+menae+ Kc+nep,

Fannnen 6rn nepnrm ns nopor conpemennrx ynnrx-.kcnepnmen+a+opon,
y6ennrx n nenorpemnmoc+n cnonx +onnrx .mnnpnnecknx me+oon... Ho.+omy c
ynnnennem ysnamr, n+o on ronopnn o nemax ne +onrko neneomrx, no n
nenoo6pasnmrx. 3+y npeenrnym ckpomnoc+r, nnymnnym nsymnennem,
poc+nennrm mnc+nnnsmy, mono o6napyn+r y ncex nennknx ynnrx, ae ecnn ona
ckprnae+c sa qacaom nrcokomepn n npockanrsrnae+ +onrko n peknx cnynax.
[32]

<c+p. 29>
3nnm+enny npnnanea+ snamena+enrnre cnona: Bennnanmen omn6kon naykn XIX
neka 6rna nepa n +o, n+o +eopn moe+ 6r+r nsnnenena ns qak+on. Cnono +eopn n
an+nnnoc+n osnanano cosepnanne, nponnenne. Bnanne, nonynennoe n cosepnannn, nasonm
nn mr ero o+kponennem, npospennem (insight) nnn nn+ynnnen, cnyn+ ocnonannem nm6oro
nenoneneckoro snann. Ono a+c nenoneky, a ne konc+pynpye+c nm. Ono o6rnae+c ne
ny+m mrmnenn n no+omy neoc+ynno pannonanrnomy onpeenennm.
3+o snanne enae+ nosmonrmn npoprnr n onpeennnrx o6nac+x, n cnsn c
konkpe+nrmn saanamn conpemennoc+n, n nnor oc+nrny+oro qopmynnpym+c n nepeam+c
na cnennqnnecknx srkax 6yr +o srk qnnocoqnn nnn naykn, pn+yana nnn +oro nnn
pyroro nna nckycc+na. 3+n srkn nenpeprnno mnoa+c, pasen cnonx o6naa+enen,
c+anoncr mey nnmn n nx nnnnrm onr+om. Karn +akon srk nrc+ynae+ kak +annonncr
onpeenennoro poa snann; karn cosa+ cnennqnnecknn o6pas mnpa, menmmnnc o+
onon connanrnon rpynnr, o6mec+na, nc+opnneckoro nepnoa, kynr+ypr k pyron.
Pasnnnnre nn+epnpe+annn mnpa onnpam+c n konennom cn+e na pasnnnnre cnc+emr
cnmnonon. Onn ncknmnam+ nepeno na kakon-nn6o pyron srk n ne mory+ cpannnna+rc
nmenno no+omy, n+o cnmnon .+o ynnkanrnrn cnoco6 ykasa+r na ckprnammnnc sa nnm cmrcn.
Coo6menn ns cnoen kynr+ypr o+kprnam+ nepe namn npmon oc+yn k ckpr+rm n nnx
cnmnonnnecknm cmrcnam. H+o e kacae+c coo6mennn ns pyrnx, nesnakomrx nam kynr+yp, +o
nx cnmnonnnecknn cmrcn moe+ pacnosnana+rc +onrko kocnennrmn ny+mn. 3+n o6xor
conpenr c pnckom, no ne+ nnoro cnoco6a c 6onrmnm nnn menrmnm npn6nnennem ynonn+r
n onnca+r ero.
na ny+n o6emam+ xo+ 6r nemnoro nponnny+r nccneona+en n nanpannennn .+on
nenn. Ha onn ns nnx ykasrnam+ .+norpaqr, nonpknnammne nanoc+r osnakomnenn c
nonrmn n nnx kynr+ypamn nsny+pn, na nx co6c+nennrx srkax: neo6xonmoc+r
npeoonena+r +pannnonnym (c+anmym ny+r nn ne o6sa+enrnon) nc+annnm mey
cy6rek+om n o6rek+om nocpec+nom "ynac+n n enc+nennon kommynnkannn. Kak nnme+
Hoxannec da6nan,

3+norpaqnnecka o6rek+nnnoc+r .+o ne nonpoc nccneona+enrckon yc+anonkn nnn
npoc+o co6nmenne naynnoro koekca: .+o [...] kanec+no ak+nnnoro coynac+n n
nyc+oponnem o6mene-o6mennn (nonena pa6o+a) n n nc+onkonann npno6pe+nnoro
snann kak npoyk+a npo-
<c+p. 30>
neccon kommynnkannn. ...Xanmcy npnnanen+ y+nepenne o +om, n+o
.+norpaqnnecka o6rek+nnnoc+r .+o mecy6rek+nnna o6rek+nnnoc+r
o6rek+nnnoc+r ynac+nnkon kynr+ypr,., +ex, k+o nnaee+ e koom. [33]

pyra nosmonoc+r npospena+r kor pyrnx kynr+yp o+kprnae+c npn noxoe k
nnm cnepxy +nnonornneckom, c+pyk+ypnom n cnc+emnom. henn-C+pocc +ak o6rcne+
.+o+ noxo:

To. n+o mr nasrnaem kynr+ypon, .+o qparmen+ nenonenec+na, ko+oprn... o6napynnae+
cymec+nennre pasprnr npeemc+nennoc+n no o+nomennm k oc+anrnomy nenonenec+ny. Ecnn nama
saana yc+anonn+r cymec+nennre pasprnr mey, ckaem, Cenepnon Amepnkon n Enponon, +o mr
6yem paccma+pnna+r nx kak ne pasnre kynr+ypr; no ecnn nac sann+epecym+ cymec+nennre pasprnr
mey Hrm-Hopkom n Hnkaro, +o mr onnr 6yem nme+r npano ronopn+r o6 .+nx nyx rpynnax kak o
pasnnnnrx kynr+ypnrx ennc+nax. Hockonrky pasnnnn mey nnmn mory+ 6r+r cneenr k
32,+.3+2*+> (n+o n nne+c nenrm c+pyk+ypnoro anannsa), mr y6eaemc n +om, n+o kynr+ypa
moe+ n ono n +o e npem coo+ne+c+nona+r nekon o6rek+nnnon peanrnoc+n n nn+rc nnoom
npenpnn+oro nccneonann. Coo+ne+c+nenno, ona n +a e rpynna nnnnnyymon moe+
paccma+pnna+rc kak nac+r, nxoma no mnorne pasnnnnre kynr+ypnre kon+ekc+r: rno6anrnrn,
kon+nnen+anrnrn, nannonanrnrn, pernonanrnrn, nokanrnrn n +ak anee, +onno +ak e, kak n
kon+ekc+r cemennrn, npoqeccnonanrnrn, pennrnosnrn, nonn+nnecknn n npon. Onako .+o nepno
nnmr n npeene: an+pononorn o6rnno pesepnnpym+ +epmnn kynr+ypa sa onpeennnon rpynnon
pasprnon, cymec+nennon ononpemenno na neckonrknx ns ynomny+rx yponnen.[34]
* * *
Hccneona+r kor, ynpannmmne mysrkanrnrm onr+om, n kon+ekc+e mnoec+nennrx
kynr+yp snann+ nme+r eno c makcnmanrno cymec+nennrmn pasprnamn na yponne, re
sanana kynr+ypa n nenom onna paccma+pnna+rc n kanec+ne qparmen+a nenonenec+na.
Baana, neo6xonmo nosnnkamma npee ncero, coc+on+ n +om, n+o6r n orpomnom maccnne
pasprnon mey .+nm qparmen+om n oc+anrnrm nenonenec+nom o6napyn+r nnnapnan+r
nnn cnc+emy nnnapnan+on +nnonornneckne nep+r, xapak+epnre n sananon kynr+ypr kak
ennc+na, qynamen+anrno o+nnnnoro o+ ncero, n+o k nen ne npnnanen+. Taka noc+anonka
npo6nemr yc+pane+ onacnoc+r enpononen+pnnnrx,
<c+p. 31>
knnnnnrnancknx kononnanrno-poman+nnecknx npey6eennn. Bmec+o .+oro ona +pe6ye+
nnmpannc+nneckoro nsrna na mnponre kynr+ypr kak enponenckne, +ak n neenponenckne
n nonnmann kaon ns nnx kak oprannnnoro camooc+a+onnoro ennc+naspenoro
ec+ec+nennoro npoyk+a neponannn, +pannnn n nny+pennero nopka nsnn annoro napoa
nnn .+nnneckon o6mnoc+n.
Ba o+cy+c+nnem nynmnx cnon n non+nn n o6osnanenn nan6onee rny6oknx n o6mnx
kynr+ypnrx pasnnnnn 6yy nonrsona+rc anee cnonamn sananrn n ne-sananrn nnn
noc+onnrn. 3+n onpeenenn cneye+ nocnpnnnma+r nnmr kak yo6nre, no c+poro ycnonnre
pnrkn, ykasrnammne na peanrnoc+n, ko+opre nenosmono cnsa+r c kakon-nn6o konkpe+non
+eppn+opnen, .+nnneckon rpynnon, connanrnon oprannsannen nnn nc+opnnecknm nepnoom.
He+ kynr+ypr, ko+opa 6rna 6r conepmenno onoponon n c+onponen+no o+nnnnon o+ ncex
nponnx kynr+yp. Cnonc+na, ko+opre mr onpeenem kak ne-sananre, mono o6napyn+r
no mnornx kynr+ypnrx nnmax sananoro mnpa +onno +ak e, kak no mnornx ne-sananrx
kynr+ypax mono nne+r nnor rny6okoro nn+enrnoro nponecca nec+epnnsannn.
He+ nn manenmen naer cnpann+rc c +aknmn mnoec+nennrmn neonoponoc+mn
nocpec+nom co6npann n o6o6menn nac+nrx .mnnpnnecknx na6nmennn. Ocosnanne
rny6nnr n neconsmepnmoc+n yxa pasnrx kynr+yp sac+anne+ comnena+rc n camon
nosmonoc+n ynne+r nyym kynr+ypy n ee nc+nnnom cne+e. Annan Yo++e nr+ae+c pacce+r
.+o comnenne:

Honre kynr+ypnre moenn oxo+ o namero cosnann, n ckpr+re
me+aqnsnneckne npenocrnkn npocnm+c nnmr nac+onrko, n+o6r a+r nam
nosmonoc+r, cpannnna namy co6c+nennym kynr+ypnym n me+aqnsnneckym cnc+emy
c pyrnmn, marny+r sa e npeenr. Heko+opre okasrnam+, n+o +akon mar npoc+o-
nanpoc+o nenosmoen, n+o namn nnena+nenn o+ pyrnx kynr+yp ncera 6esnano
nckaenr namen kynr+ypnon o6ycnonnennoc+rm. Ho .+o non+n n+o kynr+ypnrn
connncnsm. [36]

Kak nn cepresnr comnenn n paspemnmoc+n .+on npo6nemr, onn ne onnr
oc+anannnna+r nac. Connanrnre n reononn+nneckne nponeccr nocnennx ec+nne+nn
sac+annm+ nac co nc 6onrmen cnoc+rm o+ana+r ce6e o+n+ n +om, n+o ae nny+pn onon,
+ak nasrnaemon sananon kynr+ypr cymec+nye+ mnoec+no nnoxo pasnnnaemrx
kynr+ypnrx 6aprepon, ko+opre poam+ nsanmnym o+nyennoc+r, nenonnmanne n npay,
n+o n npoyk+nnnoro
<c+p. 32>
o6menn nonepx .+nx 6aprepon neo6xonmo ynn+rc srkam kynr+yp-nap+npon.
Konneknnonnponanne cnon .+nx 6esmonnnrx srkon snakomc+no c
.kso+nnecknmn nac+noc+mn n kyprsamn ne cynn+ ycnexa. H+o6r 6r+r n coc+onnn
coc+ann+r ns pasposnennrx cnon ocmrcnennym qpasy, nyno sna+r koe-n+o o
rpamma+nke nyoro srka. H secr +nnonornnecknn noxo npec+anne+c ennc+nenno
npoyk+nnnrm noxo, c+pemmnnc nocnpnnnma+r .mnnpnneckne qak+r kak nrcoko
cnennannsnponannre mannqec+annn +oro nnn nnoro ns ocnonnrx +nnon kynr+ypr.
Hyckacr n .+o+ +pynrn ny+r, nonesno noopyn+rc cneymmen mrcnrm hmnnra
qon Bep+ananqn:

Mr 6onee ne nrc+nm ce6e, yma, n+o npn6nnaemc k Konennon Hc+nne nnn
Peanrnoc+n. Ham cneye+ ononrc+nona+rc +em, n+o cnon cyry6o nenoneneckne
saann mr c+apaemc pema+r kak mono nynme. Mr o+aem ce6e o+n+ ne +onrko n
qnsnneckon pen+nnnoc+n, ko+opa onpeene+c nosnnnen na6nma+en, ero
cnc+emon o+cn+a n moenmn, ncnonrsyemrmn n o6rcnenn, no +ake n
6nonornneckon o+nocn+enrnoc+n, nockonrky nc name snanne .+o nenoneneckoe
snanne, n n kynr+ypnon pen+nnnoc+n, onpeenemon namen npnkpennnnoc+rm k
onpeennnomy momen+y nenoneneckon nc+opnn. Mr ne n coc+onnn nepenprrny+r
nepes co6c+nennym +enr. [36]
&34*0>2=; ,@E58/
B c+a+re Kynr+ypr kak cnc+emr: Enenrnep n anee Bep+ananqn nponon+
cneymmee o6mee pasnnnenne:

O6ospena mnoroo6pasne kynr+yp, nsynaemrx nc+opnkamn, apxeonoramn n
an+pononoramn, mono pasnnnn+r na npnnnnnnanrnrx +nna. Kynr+ypr mory+
nmenona+rc an+pononornnecknmn n nc+opnnecknmn, npnmn+nnnrmn kynr+ypamn
n nnnnnnsannmn, nnn noo6nrm o6pasom. Cpen co+en nsnec+nrx kynr+yp
cpannn+enrno nemnorne nmenn nnn cenann nc+opnm, +o ec+r npe+epnenn
snann+enrnre nsmenenn n o6ospnmrx nc+opnen npeenax. Oc+anrnre e oc+ananncr
6onee nnn menee c+a+nnnrmn na yponne kamennoro neka... Hpnmn+nnnre kynr+ypr
ncknmnn+enrno xopomo npncnoco6nenr k nac+o ne6naronpn+nrm ycnonnm cnoen
cper, kak nokasrnae+ cam qak+ nx nrnnann na npo+ennn orpomnrx o+peskon
npemenn,
<c+p. 33>
+ora kak nrcokne kynr+ypr ncnesann, n 6yymee namen co6c+nennon nnnnnnsannn
npo6nema+nnno. He sa6yem, n+o npomrmnennon penonmnnn ncero napa c+one+nn, a
a+omnon .neprnn neckonrko ec+nne+nn. [37]

Cxonym mrcnr nrckasrnae+ 3nnae no o+nomennm k mnqam n pn+yanam:

... Mey pasnnnnrmn rpynnamn nepnonnecknx nepemonnn onnr cymec+nona+r
onenr cymec+nennre pasnnnn ye xo+ 6r no +on npoc+on npnnnne, n+o mr nmeem
eno kak c nc+opnnecknmn, +ak n an+nnc+opnnecknmn napoamn, c +em, n+o mr
o6rnno nasrnaem nnnnnnsonannrm nenonekom n npnmn+nnnrm nenonekom.
...Apxanneckoe nenonenec+no c npeenrnrmn ycnnnmn samnmano ce6 o+ nm6rx
nonmec+n n o+ neo6pa+nmoc+n, cony+c+nymmen nc+opnn. [38]
C+a+nnnoc+r-nsmennnnoc+r .+o ne npoc+o ona ns mnornx an+n+es, no nan6onee
o6mee, ncenponnkammee +nnonornneckoe pasnnnne. Ecnn kynr+ypr, pasennnre .+o+
onnosnnnen, c+onr pasn+enrno necxon cnonmn cnoco6amn cymec+nonann n nc+opnnecknmn
cyr6amn, +o pasymno npenonon+r, n+o 6onee nac+nre pasnnnn mey nnmn o+paam+
.+o+ qynamen+anrnrn pasprn. Cenan +akoe onymenne, mr nc+ynaem n o6nac+r
npec+annennn o6men +eopnn cnc+em.
Hpenoenna Bep+ananqn +eopn cnonnacr na 6ase ero 6nonornnecknx
nccneonannn n xoe nsynenn nnoro oprannsma kak nenoro. Hose ona okasanacr
npoyk+nnnon n n pyrnx cqepax snann. E nenr, nncan Bep+ananqn, yc+anonn+r
o6mne npnnnnnr cnc+em, +o ec+r oprannsonannrx ennc+n, nesanncnmo o+ nx qnsnneckon,
6nonornneckon nnn connonornneckon npnpor. [39] On nnen n cnoen +eopnn qopmynnponky
mnpokon +enennnn n conpemennon naynnon mrcnn, ko+opym onpeenn kak qnnocoqnm
nepcnek+nn n non+opn: Mr ne moem noc+nrny+r Hpeenrnoe, no mr nnonne moem
yc+anonn+r Hepcnek+nnr, ko+opre npnney+ nam manenrknn om n +epnnmrn nopok. [40]
Cnom saany on nn en n +om, n+o6r

...samenn+r nnn, ckopee, pacmnpn+r nnn nepec+ynn+r rpannnr knaccnneckon naykn,
cosannon Fannneem n Hrm+onom,rpannnr mexannc+nneckon konnennnn nsnn n
yma, n e nonnomennn n ceronmnem nnyc+pnannsonannom, mexannsnponannom n
kommepnnnnsonannom o6mec+ne. [41]

Mexannnnsm (nnn a+omnsm) paccma+pnnae+ cnonre qenomenr kak kom6nnannn
npoc+rx nac+en, o+nomennn n nponeccon, c+pe-
<c+p. 34>
mn+c cnon+r cnonoc+r k na6opy npoc+rx cn+yannn, ynpannemrx npoc+rmn sakonamn,
ko+opre mory+ nsyna+rc noposnr. enc+nn, noneenne o6rek+a n nero ncero nnmr peaknnn
na nnemnne nosenc+nn, c+nmynr. (.E+23@>3F04A3; noxo, o ko+opom nnme+ Bep+ananqn.
nanpo+nn, nnn+ n cnonrx qenomenax nenoc+noc+ncnc+emr nnamnnecknx
nsanmoenc+nnn. On nr+ae+c non+r nponeccr pasnn+n .+nx nenoc+noc+en o+ npoc+oro k
cnonomy, cnnr, nosnonmmne nm camooprannsonrna+rc, oc+ana+rc +emn e camrmn n
coxpan+r pannonecne c menmmnmnc ycnonnmn okpyammen cper. Cnmme+pnnnoe
a6conm+noe npem knaccnneckon mexannkn yc+ynae+ mec+o ennonanpannennomy
neo6pa+nmomy npemenn, ko+opoe nxon+ neo+remnemon nepemennon n ypannenn o6men
+eopnn cnc+em.
Hc+okn mexannc+nneckn-oprannsmnneckon nxo+omnn Bep+ananqn nnn+ n cnope
mey an+nnnrmn mkonamn Hapmenna n Fepaknn+a.

Tonka spenn Hapmenna, xapak+epna n a+omnsma, naxon+ cno nrpaenne n
6nonornn, ko+opa nonpknnae+ c+pyk+ypy n ymep6 qynknnn n ynoo6ne+ oprannsm
kpnc+anny. C +onkn spenn Fepaknn+a, c+pyk+ypa nne+c pesynr+a+om
qynknnonnponann, n oprannsm noo6en ne c+onrko kpnc+anny, ckonrko nnamenn.
Conpemennrn nacnennk Hapmenna nme+ n noncmy naxon+ sakpr+re cnc+emr n
coc+onnn pannonecn, +ora kak nacnennkn Fepaknn+a ronop+ o neo6pa+nmrx
nponeccax n pannonecnrx coc+onnx. [42]

n oprannsmnneckoro noxoa nenoe nnkora ne 6rnae+ samkny+rm, nsonnponannrm,
cymec+nymmnm na co6c+nennrx ocnonannx. Hanpo+nn, ono ncera paccma+pnnae+c kak
o+kpr+a cnc+ema, cymec+nymma 6naroap nenpeprnnomy nsanmoenc+nnm n
me+a6onnneckomy o6meny ma+epnen n .neprnen c okpyammen e cpeon. B o+nnnne o+
mexannnecknx cnc+em, o+oec+nnemrx c nx ma+epnanrnrm cy6c+pa+om, ma+epnanrnrn
cy6c+pa+ oprannsmn-neckon cnc+emr npospanen samennm n o6nonnem: +aka cnc+ema ne
uavepnanna, a qynknnonanna. Hpoc+enmnm e npnmepom moe+ cnyn+r c+py nor,
nr+ekamma ns kpana; ona oc+a+c +on e camon, ae kora nsrn6ae+c nnennem
nosyxa nnn pas6nnae+c o npen+c+nne, n, kak +onrko nnemnne nosmymammne cnnr
ncnesam+, ona nemenenno nosnpamae+c n cno nepnonananrnoe c+a6nnrnoe coc+onne.
ae npoc+enmnm oprannsmnnecknm cnc+emam npncym nnc+nnk+ 4+>-4-X.+20238.
Ho o+nomennm k 6onee cnonrm cnc+emam mono ronopn+r o nenenanpannennoc+n,
*050-5-E3F2-4*3 no-
<c+p. 35>
neenn: onn ney+ ce6 +ak, n+o6r ne +onrko coxpann+rc, no n ocymec+nn+r namenennrn
nnan enc+nnn. B sanncnmoc+n o+ okpyammnx ycnonnn, nenr moe+ 6r+r oc+nrny+a
pasnrmn ny+mn, n .+a cnoco6noc+r oprannsmnnecknx cnc+em nonynnna nanmenonanne
ZA,3Q32+5J2-4*3.
hm6a cnc+ema nne+c nac+rm 6onee kpynnoro nenoro (cnc+emr e
nenocpec+nennoro okpyenn) n. n cnom oneper, nne+c cpeon n kaon ns
coc+annmmnx e menrmnx cnc+em. 3+a nepapxnnecka nepcnek+nna npoc+npae+c 6eckonenno
n o6onx nanpannennx k 6onrmemy n k menrmemy, n nm6oro poa nccneonannm
oc+ynen nnmr onpeennnrn, 6onrmnn nnn menrmnn ynac+ok .+on nepcnek+nnr.
Ecnn okasana n npnsnana peanrnoc+r nepapxnneckon oprannsannn n o+nomennx
mey xnmnnecknmn .nemen+amn n kne+onnrmn c+pyk+ypamn, nnrmn kne+kamn, +kanmn,
opranamn H, oprannsmamn, 6nonornnecknmn cemenc+namn n nnamn n .konorn neckon cpeon,
+o mr nnpane onyc+n+r peanrnoc+r ananornnnon nepapxnn n nm6on nnon (ne o6sa+enrno
6nonornneckon) cnc+eme.
Cnc+emnrn noxo sac+anne+ nac ocosna+r, n+o nenoe ncera 6onrme cymmr
coc+annmmnx ero nac+en. Onennno, n+o cnono .+o nen+o 6onrmee n nnoe, neenn npoc+o
co6panne 6ykn nnn qonem, a npenoenne .+o ne na6op cnon. Tonno +ak e menonm nenrs
onpeenn+r kak na6op +onon. Hs +ex e cnon nnn +onon, nocpec+nom ne6onrmnx
nepec+anonok nnn nsmenennn aknen+a mono nonynn+r qpasr n menonn c pyrnm cmrcnom n
xapak+epom. Ho n dpasa, n menon nxo+ nac+rm n 6onee kpynnre ennc+na a6sana n necnn,
ko+opre, n cnom oneper, nknmnenr no nc 6onee mnpokne n cnonre kon+ekc+r, nrxomne
sa pamkn o+enrnoro connnenn, annoro nna nckycc+na n nckycc+na noo6me. H no mepe
nknmnenn .nemen+apnon cnc+emr, npoe qpasr nnn menonn, no nc 6onee mnpokne
kon+ekc+r .+on nepapxnn, nc nonnee peannsym+c e nny+pennne c+pyk+ypnre,
qynknnonanrnre n cmrcnonre no+ennnn.
B rnane no nasnannem Henr cnon n peno srka Kc+nep npenarae+ samenn+r
nnnennym konnennnm c+nmyn-peaknn konnennnen mnoropycnrx nepapxnneckn
ynoponennrx cnc+em, ko+opre mory+ 6r+r npec+annenr n nne nepenpny+oro epena:
<c+p. 36>


Mr naxonm npnnoenn noo6nrx cxem nepapxnneckon oprannsannn no
mnoec+ne o6nac+en: reneanornneckne pena, knaccnqnkannn pac+ennn n nno+nrx,
.nonmnnonnoe peno nsnn, ne+nmnec ynpannenneckne c+pyk+ypr
rocyapc+nennrx ynpeennn nnn npomrmnennrx npenpn+nn, qnsnonornneckne
kap+r nepnnon cnc+emr n kponoo6pamenn. Cnono nepapxn nepkonnoro
nponcxoenn n nac+o nono nonnmae+c kak nopok panron +ak ckasa+r,
c+ynenen nec+nnnr. B 6yy nonrsona+rc nm n o6osnanenn penonnnrx c+pyk+yp
nnn cnc+em, pasne+nnmmnxc na nocnc+emr n +.. [43]

Hn+yn+nnnrn o6pas ne+nmenc nepapxnn, mono ckasa+r, c+ap, kak mnp. Ero
cnmnonnneckne nonnomenn mr naxonm n nee arbor inversa (o6pamennoe peno)
cpenenekonrx +eonoron nnn em panrme n 6n6nenckom pene Xnsnn. Xopomnm npnmepom
moe+ cnyn+r n +o, kak n canckpn+ckom +pak+a+e XIII neka ronopn+c o snanennn snyka:
Bnynannem o6pasye+c 6ykna, 6yknamn cnor, cnoramn cnono, a cnonamn nama
noncenenna nsnr. Bo+ nonemy nam nenonenecknn mnp sanncn+ o+ snyka. [44]
He mnoropycnon nepapxnn n kc+neponckom nonnmannn o+nmr ne nya +eopnn
mysrkn, oco6enno n anannse n nc+onkonannx mysrkanrnon qopmr. Onako, noka connnenne
anannsnpye+c kak ne sanncmnn nn o+ nero mnkpokocm, nnn cama mysrka paccma+pnnae+c
kak nesanncnmoe nckycc+no, ynpannemoe +onrko cnonmn nny+pennnmn sakonamn,
nepapxnnecknn noxo ne moe+ opac+n o cnc+emnoro. Hsyna oprannsymmne nanana
mysrkn, +eopn o+kprnae+ n nen ynnn+enrnrn nopok n nornky. B yxe Hapmenna, ona
paccma+pnnae+ mysrkanrnrn qenomen kak nnenpemennon kpnc+ann, nrsrnammnn nocxnmenne
nsompnnon reome+pnen cnonx qopm n nny+pennnx o+nomennn. Ecnn e ynne+r
<c+p. 37>
+o+ e mysrkanrnrn qenomen c +onkn spenn Fepaknn+a kak nnamnnnrn me+a6onnnecknn
nponecc, ne kpnc+ann, a nnam, +o c+ane+ cno, n+o onncrnaemre +eopnen mysrkanrnre
c+pyk+ypr ec+r ne n+o nnoe, kak o+nena+kn cneon, okamenenmnn koc+k nekora nnoro
oprannsma, nrcoxmee pennoe pycno.
Mysrka ne nemr; .+o oprannnecknn nponecc, nenoc+noc+r ko+oporo noepnnae+c
ne c+pyk+ypon, a nny+pennnmn n nnemnnmn nanpennmn nnamnnecknm pannonecnem
nsanmoenc+nymmnx cnn.
Fonop o cnnax, ennc+nax, c+pyk+ypax, cnc+emax n +omy noo6nom, mr nonrsyemc
srkom +eopnn, ko+oprn nac+o nnymae+ nonym ynepennoc+r n +om, n+o ero +epmnnr
coo+ne+c+nym+ o+enrno cymec+nymmnm peanrnoc+m. B enc+nn+enrnoc+n e .+o concem ne
+ak, n +eopn cnc+em nynme pyrnx orpaena o+ noo6nrx nnnmsnn cnonmn co6c+nennrmn
npenocrnkamn. Ona +pe6ye+ o+n+nnno cosnana+r, n+o nm6a nccneyema cnc+ema nne+c
nckycc+nenno nsonnponannrm ynac+kom nckycc+nenno nrenennon nepcnek+nnr; n+o nm6a
c+pa+nqnkann .+on nepcnek+nnr npnnsana k cnennqnnecknm nenm, rnno+esam n
nnc+pymen+am na6nma+en. Tepmnnr .+on +eopnn nknmna camy konnennnm cnc+emr
ykasrnam+ ne na noo6paaemre o+enrnre o6rek+r, a na pasnnnnre acnek+r ennon
peanrnoc+n.
Kaa ne+nr, ne+onka n o+poc+ok penonnnon nepapxnn cnc+emr ne +onrko
coynac+nye+ n nsnee+enrnoc+n nenoro, no n pasene+ c nnm xapak+ep n cnonc+na.
Cnennannc+r n o6nac+n nc+opnn nckycc+n, apxeonornn, naneon+onornn n an+pononornn c
annnx npemn nn+yn+nnno snann, n+o qparmen+ ckynrn+ypr, ronnapnoro nsenn nnn
ckene+a, kycok pennero +ekc+a nnn o+enrnrn pn+yan mory+ mnoroe ckasa+r o npnpoe n
xapak+epe nenoro, nac+rm ko+oporo onn 6rnn kora-+o. Tenepr e mr snaem, n+o konkpe+nrn
nenonek moe+ 6r+r onosnan na ocnone ero rene+nneckoro koa, ko+oprn coepn+c n
kaom ero nonocke, nemynke kon, kanne kponn nnn cnmnr n +.. Takoe noo6ne nac+en
nenomy +eopn cnc+em nmenye+ 3@->-.Q3@>->.
hm6a penonnna nepapxn .+o ncero nnmr ne+nr nekon Honrmen nepapxnn: ne
nsomopqnsma ne+ n konennom cn+e k npnsnannm ennc+na n nny+pennero noo6n nennkoro
pena Xnsnnmnpa n nenom. Mysrka, nocnpnnnmaema kak oco6rn, nenoc+nnmo
mnoroo6pasnrn n cnonrn mnp, .+o ncero nnmr ona ns +aknx ne+nen, n cnom oneper
+rcnekpa+no ne+nmac na konkpe+nre nc+opnneckne kynr+ypr, nannonanrnre c+nnn,
anpr n
<c+p. 38>
mkonr n nnnnnyanrnre connnenn. Bce onn nsomopqnr, +o ec+r o6naam+ o6men npnpoon
n neknmn o6mnmn cnonc+namn, n+o n nosnone+ nasrna+r nx ncex mysrkon. Ho n +o orpomnoe
nenoe, ko+opoe mr nasrnaem mysrkon, no-cnoemy nsomopqno mnpy. 3+o noo6ne nenrs
o6napyn+r nn n snynannn mysrkn, nn n anannsnpyemon nap+n+ype. Ono nrc+ynae+ kak
konennrn nc+onnnk n camo onpananne cymec+nonann mysrkn n onr+e e nocnpn+n
nenonekom.
Mysrka cosa+c n nenoneka, pan onr+a, ko+oprn ona a+. Ho nenonek .+a
cnonenma ns ncex cnc+em, cosannrx npnpoon n o6mec+nom, n cnom oneper,
npec+anne+ co6on kpomennrn .nemen+ n rnran+ckon nepapxnn cnc+em: npnpor, o6mec+na,
nenonenec+na, ncenennon, nakonen, camon nsnn. Mysrka nne+c npoyk+om e+enrnoc+n
nenoneka n nsomopqna emy nsomopqna nenoneky kak npoyk+y onpeennnon kynr+ypr.
Tonnee ronop, mysrka nsomopqna noponnmen e kynr+ype cnnonomy nonm,
renepnpyemomy nckycc+namn, pennrnmn n qnnocoqnmn, naykon n +exnnkon, connanrnrmn
nnc+n+y+amn n ycnonnoc+mn, mopanrnrmn nennoc+mn n neponannmn kopone, nenoc+nrm
okpyennem nenoneka.

Bcenponnkammen, camon morymec+nennon n nanmenee same+non ns ncex cnn
kynr+ypr, qopmnpymmen nenoneka,, nnm+c ero npec+annenn o npemenn n npoc+panc+ne.
Hx konnennnn n pasnrx kynr+ypax n nc+opnnecknx nepnoax pasnnnam+c mnoro rny6e, nem
mono 6rno 6r npenonon+r, n n kaon kynr+ype .+n konnennnn ne npoc+o cnn+am+c
nepnrmn n ennc+nenno nosmonrmn, no +anno nnn nno onpeenm+ nce nponeccr
nocnpn+n n mrmnenn +o, kak nenonek pa6o+ae+ n men+ae+, o+nocn+c k pasnnnnoro poa
co6r+nm, ocmrcne+ nc+opnm n co6c+nennoe npomnoe, nac+omee n 6yymee. Connanrno
ycnoennre moenn opnen+annn no npemenn n n npoc+panc+ne oc+annm+ rny6okne o+nena+kn
na ncex npoyk+ax nenoneneckoro +pya npeme+ax o6nxoa, nponsneennx nckycc+na,
naynnrx +eopnx, neonornx n neponannx. 3+n o+nena+kn nrnnennre n coo+ne+c+nenno
nc+onkonannremory+ okasa+r neonennmym nomomr nccneona+enm, nr+ammemyc
pekonc+pynpona+r yx +on nnn nnon kynr+ypr, a nepes nero n nponsnonre moenn
nocnpn+n, mrcnn+enrnon e+enrnoc+n n noneenn.

<c+p. 39>
HPHMEHAHHB

1 Victor Zuckerkandl. The Sense of Music. Princeton University Press (Princeton,
1971), c 4
2 Donald R.Ferguson. Music As Metaphor, The Elements of Expression. University of
Minnesota Press (Minneapolis, 1906), cc. 15-16
3 Ono ns nan6onee pknx onncannn o+nomennn mysrkn n cnona coepn+c n
nncrme Menenrcona, re on nnme+:
Mysrka o6naae+ 6onrmen onpeennnoc+rm, nem penr, n c+pemnenne nepea+r e
cmrcn npn nomomn cnon enae+ ero necnrm. B ne ymam, n+o cnona ro+c n .+oro, n ecnn
6r men y6ennn n o6pa+nom, ne connnn 6r mysrky. Heko+opre ynpekam+ mysrky n
neonpeennnoc+n, ronop, n+o cnona ncera mono non+r. B e y6en n o6pa+nom: cnona
kay+c mne +mnrmn, mnorocmrcnennrmn, nenn+nrmn, ecnn cpannnna+r nx c nac+omen
mysrkon, nanonnmmen ymy +rcnamn nemen, ko+opre nynme cnon. To, n+o nrpaae+ n
men mysrka, ko+opym nm6nm, kae+c mne cnnmkom onpeennnrm, n+o6r .+o mono
6rno conoc+ann+r co cnonamn.
Hn+npye+c no kn.: Th.Ribot, Essays on the Creative Imagination, Chapter II
4 John Dewey. Art As Experience. Capricorn Books (New York, 1958), c 3
5 De Witt Parker. "The Nature of Art." Revue Internationale de Philosophie 4, 1939,
cc. 684-702. Hpnnon+c no kn.: Wilson Coker, Music and Meaning. MacMillan (London, 1972),
c 35
6 Hropr C+pannncknn. Xponnka moen nsnn. Mysrns, h., 1963, cc. 99-100.
Enerenr n Athenaeum +ake nasrnae+ mysrky +ekynen apxn+ek+ypon, a apxn+ek+ypy
sac+rnmen mysrkon. Cm.: Warren Dwight Allen, Philosophies of Music History; A Study of
General Histories of Music, 1600-1960. Dover Publications, Inc. (New York, 1962), c 141
7 Carl Emil Seashore. The Psychology of Musical Talent. Silver, Burdett & Co
(Boston, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, 1919), c 253.
8 William S. Jordan. Time, Space, and Music; Prolegomena to the History of Musical
Theory. The Florida State University, Ph.D., 1979, cc. 1,11-12.
9 Heinrich Wolfflin. Die Kunstgeschichtliche Grundbegriffe. (Mnchen, 1915). Anrn.
nepeno: Principles of Art History; The Problem of the Development of Style in Later Art (nep.
M.D.Hottinger), Henry Holt and Company (New York, 1932).Pyccknn nepeno: Ocnonnre
non+n nc+opnn nckycc+n M.-h., Academia, 1930
<c+p. 40>
10 Curt Sachs. The Commonwealth of Art; Style in the Fine Arts, Music, and the
Dance. W.W.Norton and Company, Inc. (New York, 1946), cc. 17,25-26, 214
11 Victor Zuckerkandl. Sound and Symbol: Music and the External World. Bollingen
Series XLIV (Princeton, 1973), c 366
12 Victor Zuckerkandl. The Sense of Music. Princeton University Press (Princeton,
1971), cc. 17-18
13 Victor Zuckerkandl. Man the Musician. Sound and Symbol, vol. 2 Bollingen Series
XLIV-2 (Princeton, 1976), cc 9-10
14 Ibidem, cc. 14-15
15 Alan P.Merriam. The Anthropology of Music. Northwestern University Press
(1964), c 10. Hn+a+a ns: Charles Seeger. "Music and Culture."Proceedings of the Music Teachers
National Association for 1940, 64, cc. 121-122
16 Ibidem, George Herzog, "Comparative Musicology." The Music Journal 4, 1946, c
11
17 Robert Morey. "Upset in Emotions." Journal of Social Psychology, 12,1940, c 354.
Hn+. no: Alan P.Merriam. The Anthropology of Music, c. 12
18 Curt Sachs. Our Musical Heritage. (New York, 1948), c. 113
19 Alan P. Merriam. The Anthropology of Music, cc. 6-7
20 Edward T. Hall. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor Books, Doubleday & Co (New
York, 1969), cc. x, 2
21 Edward T. Hall. The Silent Language. Anchor Books (New York, 1973), c 62
22 Gregory Bateson. Steps to An Ecology of Mind. Ballantine Books (New York,
1972), c 166 n anee
23 Edward T. Hall. The Silent Language, cc. 119,121-122
24 D. M. Mackay. "Formal Analysis of Communicative Process." Non-Verbal
Communications, R. A. Hinde (pe.), Cambridge University Press (1972), c 23
25 Edmund Leach. "The Influence of Cultural Contexts on Non-Verbal
Communication in Man." Cm. npnm. 24, cc. 322, 323
26 Ibidem, c. 322
27 Arthur Koestler. The Ghost in the Machine. A Gateway Edition, Henry Regnery
Company (Chicago, 1967), c 82
28 Arthur Koestler. The Act of Creation. Hutchinson & Co, Ltd (London, 1969), cc.
376-377
<c+p. 41>
29 Susan K. Langer. Philosophy in A New Key. Harvard University Press
(Cambridge,Mass., 1976) c 269
30 Rudolf Arnheim. Visual Thinking. University of California Press (Berkeley and Los
Angeles, 1969), c 162
Morris R. Cohen. N Preface to Logic. Meridian (New York, 1956) P. R. Medawar. "Is the
Scientific Paper A Fraud?". Experiment, David Edge (pe.). The BBC (London, 1964), c 8
31 Gregory Bateson. Steps to An Ecology of Mind, cc. xvi-xix
32 Arthur Koestler. The Act of Creation, c 433
33 Johannes Fabian. "Rule and Process: Thoughts on Ethnography As
Communication? Philosophy of the Social Sciences 9 (1979), cc. 1-2. Hn+. ns: Hymes, D.
"Introduction: Towards Ethnographies of Communication," The Ethnography of Communication,
Gumperz J.J. and D. Hymes (editors) (Menasha, Wise, 1964), c 14
34 Claude Levi-Strauss. Structural Anthropology. Basic Books, Inc., Publishers (New
York, 1963), c 295
35 Alan W. Watts. Psychotherapy; East and West. Ballantine Books (New York, 1974),
c 28
36 Ludwig von Bertalanffy. "Introduction." Perspectives on General System Theory.
George Braziller (New York, 1975), c 30
37 Ludwig von Bertalanffy. "Cultures As Systems: Spengler and Beyond," Ibidem, c
80
38 Mircea Eliade. The Myth of the Eternal Return or Cosmos and History. Bollingen
Foundation (Princeton, 1974), cc. 74, 48
39 Ludwig von Bertalanffy. "New Patterns of Biological and Medical Thought."
Perspectives on General System Theory, c. 42
40 Cm. npnm. 36
41 Tam e. c. 32
42 Ludwig von Bertalanffy. "Open Systems in Physics and Biology," Perspectives on
General System Theory, c 127
43 Arthur Koestler. The Ghost in the Machine. Cm. npnm. 27. cc. 23-24
44 Arnold Bake. "The Music of India." The New Oxford History of Music, vol. I.
Oxford University Press, 1961, c 197

<c+p. 42>
65+,+ ,*-.+8. )"#IM

V*- 04*J ,.0>8? <*- >-10* 7.-4*- 3
A.+*A- -CD8423*J 0E-? <*- 47-4-C02,
X-*8 C= , >=458X, 7-4*3E2B*J 0E-,
7.-3@2048 - 2L> X-*8 C= 0/32-0 45-,-?
W- - FL> >= B7->32+0> , 2+P3X C040/+X
4 C-5JP3> 7-23>+230> 3 @2+A->4*,->,
F0> - ,.0>023? %, -7.0/05L22-, >=
@2+0>, - FL> E-,-.3>; 7-23>+0> >= 3
A-E/+ -C Z*-> E-,-.8* /.BE30. V*- 10
*-E/+ 04*J ,.0>8? #453 23A*- 20
47.+P3,+0* >028, 8 @2+Y; A-E/+ 10 8
X-FB -CD8423*J 47.+P3,+YO0>B, 8 20
@2+Y.
Bnaennrn Anryc+nn, Hcnoner
).0>8 -7=*+ 3 ,.0>8 @2+238
Hemnorne nen npnnnmam+c c 6onrmen ro+onnoc+rm, nem y+nepenne, n+o mysrka
.+o npemennoe nckycc+no. Cnennannc+r n npoqanr onnakono ynepenr n +om, n+o npem n
mysrkn .+o +o e, n+o npoc+panc+no n nnonncn, ckynrn+ypr n apxn+ek+ypr. 3c+e+nkn n
qnnocoqr sa manrm ncknmnennem npnnnmam+ enenne nckycc+n na npemennre n
npoc+panc+nennre kak akcnomy n ncxo+ ns .+oro ko6r qynamen+anrnoro pasnnnn n
cnonx paccyennx o npnpoe nckycc+n n n nonr+kax nx knaccnqnkannn.
Onako, c +onkn spenn onr+a, .+o y6eenne, co6nasnn+enrnoe n cnoen
camoonennnoc+n n npoc+o+e, nrrnn+ comnn+enrnrm. C+anonn+c cno, n+o cnona npem n
npoc+panc+no nac+onrko mnorosnannr, n+o nepas6opnnnoe nonrsonanne nmn kak o6mnmn
pnrkamn nens6eno nopoae+ sa6nyenn n ny+annny.
<c+p. 43>
O+nmr ne kaoe snanenne cnona uysmka npenonarae+ cymnoc+nym cnsr c
npemenem. He+ nnnero cnennqnneckn npemennoro nn n non+nn mysrkn kak nna nckycc+na, nn
n mysrke, monnannno xpanmenc (kak nnre nonaram+) n nap+n+ypax, rpamsanncx,
marnn+nrx nnenkax n snykonrx opokax qnnrmon, nn n mysrke, ko+opym mr anannsnpyem n
sanomnnaem. Bce .+n qopmr cymec+nonann mysrkn nmem+ ne 6onrmee o+nomenne k npemenn,
nem nm6on pyron npeme+ nnn co6r+ne. Cnennqnneckoe o+nomenne k npemenn
o6napynnae+c +onrko n mysrke kak nnymemc snynannn n onr+e nc+penn c +aknm
snynannem. H secr nepennanne mysrkn neo+ennmo o+ nepennann camoro npemenn.
H+o e +akoe npeun ? Ba .+nm cnonom ckprnae+c mnoec+no non+nn n konnennnn,
n ko+oprx qopmynnpym+c rny6oko pasnnnnre mnponpec+annenn, neponann, +eopnn n
ncnxonornneckne yc+anonkn, o+paam+c pasnnnnre me+or nsmepenn npemenn. Hono
n+orn cnoero nccneonann o6 onr+e npemenn Po6ep+ Opnc+nn nnme+:

Bpem .+o 6onee, nem ono, n+r nnn ec+r pasnrx nemen. Mr o6cynnn
neko+opre ns .+oro mnoec+na npemn npem no.+a, npem qnnocoqa, npem
qnsnka, npem ncnxonora, npem 6nonora, npem connennrx nacon, kanenapnoe
npem, npem napkn pnca, npem neconnrx nacon. Bpem .+o kaoe ns nnx, nce onn,
nmec+e ns+re, n mnoro 6onrmee. [1]

B .+om nepenncnennn nno o+cy+c+nye+ npem mysrkan+a +o+ onr+ npemenn,
ko+oprn moe+ a+r +onrko mysrka.
Bpemennon onr+, oc+annemrn mysrkon, ne cneye+ cmemnna+r c nepennannem
npemenn kak +akonoro. Bnynama mysrka a+ nam onr+ npemenn, ne npoc+o
onemec+nnennoro n snyke, no oprannsonannoro komnosn+opom; nam ncera npnxon+c nme+r
eno c onpeenennrmn npnnnnnamn oprannsannn npemennrx nponeccon, n n aekna+noro
nocnpn+n mysrkn neo6xonmo, n+o6r cnyma+enr pykonoc+nonanc +emn e npnnnnnamn,
n+o n komnosn+op6rn npnnac+en k nnm.
Pasymee+c, komnosn+op, no.+, qnnocoq, ynnrn ne nonrnr ns6npa+r nnn nso6pe+a+r
cnon cnoco6r nc+onkonann n me+or oprannsannn npemennrx nponeccon. Bpem kaoro
ns nnx nsnananrno kopenn+c n nx kynr+ype n npec+annennx, ko+opre cnya+
kpaeyronrnrmn kamnmn nx kynr+ypnoro nacnen, anrqon n omeron nx cnoco6noc+n
opnen+npona+rc no npemenn, mrcnn+r n enc+nona+r, ycnannam+c na pannnx c+anx
connannsa-
<c+p. 44>
nnn, npnnnmam+c 6esycnonno, enc+nym+ 6eccosna+enrno n, n o+nnnne o+ camrx
rny6oknx pennrnosnrx y6eennn, ne oc+annm+ mec+a nonpocam n comnennm. Onr+ npemenn
.+o onn ns nanenmnx acnek+on +oro onr+a, ko+oprn no mrcnn Xonna nenonek
npoennpye+ na okpyammnn mnp, npno6pe+a ero n kynr+ypno e+epmnnnponannon qopme.
Kaa kynr+ypa onnpae+c na cnon na6op nc+nn n nocnenen nnc+annnn, n
nac+noc+n, nen o npemenn, nonn+aemrx akcnoma+nnecknmn. Kaa o+enena o+ pyrnx
pasnnnnmn, 6onee rny6oknmn n npnnnnnnanrnrmn, nem pasnnnn mey
cnennannsnponannrmn konnennnmn npemenn no.+a, qnnocoqa, ynnoro n p. Hecomnenno,
n nonnmannn npemenn y Baxa n Fanna 6rno snann+enrno 6onrme o6mero c qnnocoqom
hen6nnnem, nnonncnem Tnnnanom, nso6pe+a+enem heonapo a Bnnnn n 6nonorom
hamapkom, nem c conpemennnkamn-mysrkan+amn Hnnn, Hepcnn nnn Kn+a. Bonee +oro, ecnn
6r mysrkanrnrn kpyrosop Baxa n Fanna ne 6rn orpannnen +nopnec+nom nx conpemennnkon n
6nnanmnx npemec+nennnkon, onn, nepo+no, o6napynnn 6r, n+o nx nync+no npemenn
o+nnnae+c o+ +oro, ko+opoe sanena+neno n connnennx mqan n Fnnoma e Mamo.
ae npn xopomem snakomc+ne c nc+opnen kynr+ypr, ne +ak-+o npoc+o nrnn+r n
npocnen+r nepemenr n cnoco6ax ocosnann npemenn, ckprnammnec sa +npon kopon cnona
npem, ko+opon ono nokprnocr sa +rcnn ne+ cnoero cymec+nonann. Bo+ kak, n camrx
o6mnx nep+ax, Kc+nep onncrnae+ .+n nepemenr:

o naynnon penonmnnn nenonek cpenenekonr nn n samkny+om mnpe, +npo
orpannnennoro no npemenn n n npoc+panc+ne... Hpoc+panc+no kak +akonoe, kak
a6c+pak+noe non+ne, ne cymec+nonano; ono o+n+nnno mrcnnnocr kak cnonc+no
ma+epnanrnrx npeme+on nx nnna, mnpnna, rny6nna; nyc+oe npoc+panc+no 6rno
6eccmrcnnnen, nornnecknm npo+nnopennem, a 6eckonennoe npoc+panc+no em
6onrmnm a6cypom. Tonno +ak e npem 6rno npoc+o npoonn+enrnoc+rm kakoro-
nn6o co6r+n. Hn onn pasymnrn nenonek ne ckasan 6r, n+o nemn nny+c cknosr
npoc+panc+no nnn no npemenn: kak moe+ nemr nnra+rc cknosr cno co6c+nennoe
cnonc+no nnn n nm?..
Hpoc+panc+no n Bpem o6penn nonrn cmrcn n nrm+ononon ncenennon. B +enenne
nyx c+one+nn nocne Hrm+ona Hpoc+panc+no mrcnnnocr kak nesr6nemoe +pxmepnoe
nmec+nnnme ncenennon... Bpemenn 6rn npnan c+onr e a6conm+nrn xapak+ep; n .+o
+o, kak 6onrmnnc+no ns nac no cen enr nonnmae+ cnona npem n npoc+panc+no
sa ncknmnennem cnon, n ko+oprx c+ka nrm+onona pem+ka pacnaae+c.
<c+p. 45>
3nnm+enn ne cmor 6r npeo6pasn+r nonnmanne nenonekom Bcenennon, ecnn 6r on
ycnonn .+n cnona n o6menpnn+om cmrcne. On npnsnananc pyry: Baana ce6e
nonpoc, kak cnynnnocr, n+o nmenno o+kprn +eopnm o+nocn+enrnoc+n, naxonn
o+ne+ n cneymmnx o6c+o+enrc+nax. Hopmanrnrn nspocnrn nenonek nnkora ne
pasmrmne+ o npo6nemax npemenn-npoc+panc+na. Ho ero mnennm, nc, n+o o nnx
nyno sna+r, emy nsnec+no c e+c+na. B e pasnnnanc +ak menenno, n+o nonpocr
npoc+panc+na n npemenn c+ann sannma+r men, kora ye nrpoc, n nnnk n nnx
rny6e, nem .+o oc+ynno pe6nky.
...Mnnrkoncknn, onn ns ynn+enen 3nnm+enna, ronopn+: O+nrne npoc+panc+no
camo no ce6e n npem camo no ce6e onnr yn+n n +enr, n +onrko nx ennc+no
coxpann+ nesanncnmoc+r. [2]

3+o nonoe nonnmanne ne orpannneno qnsnkon. Kak 6ye+ nn no ns anrnenmero,
nocnpn+ne n nc+onkonanne mnpa kak nnamnneckoro nponecca n ennom npoc+panc+ne-
npemenn pasenm+ mnorne conpemennre ynnre, qnnocoqr, xyonnkn, mysrkan+r n
npoc+o mrcnmne nmn n o6rennon nsnn. Bosnnkae+ nckymenne npenonon+r, n+o,
nakonen-+o, nenoneky yanocr noc+nrny+r nc+nnnym npnpoy saraonnon peanrnoc+n,
nmenyemon npem. Hmenno n +akom cne+e Tenp e Eap.n nnn+ n npocnanne+ .+o+
nennknn mar nnep:

oc+a+onno nnmr ornny+rc na mnnynmne na c+one+n, n+o6r y6en+rc n +om,
n+o ncero sa neckonrko nokonennn nam nsrn na npemennym npnpoy mnpa
pemn+enrno nsmennnc no cpannennm co nsrnamn namnx npekon. ...Bpem 6rno n
nnx onoponrm konnnec+nom, onyckammnm enenne na nac+n. ...Hpec+annnocr,
n+o n npeenax neckonrknx +rcnene+nn nm6on o6rek+ nnn co6r+ne moe+ 6r+r
nponsnonrno n 6es kaknx-nn6o nocnec+nnn n cnoero okpyenn nnn n nero
camoro nepeneceno n pyrym +onky npemenn. Bmec+o ekap+a mor 6r pon+rc
Cokpa+, n nao6opo+. Bo npemennom nnane (ne n menrmen mepe, nem n
npoc+panc+nennom) nenoneneckne cymec+na kasanncr nsanmosamenemrmn. 3+o+
nsrn pasennn nennnanmne ymr, nknmna Hackan.
...Ho +enepr mr nnnm, n+o n enc+nn+enrnoc+n konnennn 3nonmnnn
6eccne+nrmn +annrmn ny+mn cnne+ana nokpyr nac cnom ce+r. Hoo6no mnaennam,
nrn rnasa o+kprnam+c n nannnam+ nne+r cne+, mr ocosnam mnp, n ko+opom neo-
Bpem, nnocmee nopok n nnamnky n Hpoc+panc+no, a+ ncen cymme namnx
snannn n neponannn nonym c+pyk+ypy n nanpannennoc+r. [3]

Teopnm ne cneye+ npnnnma+r sa peanrnoc+r, ae ecnn .+o +eopn o+nocn+enrnoc+n
nnn .nonmnnn. H +a, n pyra ronopn+ nam
<c+p. 46>
ne o +om n+o ec+r npem, no nnmr o +om, kak nynme nonnma+r ero, n+o6r 6r+r n coc+onnn
cnpann+rc c npo6nemamn n nnennmn conpemennoro mnpa. Eap.n nepno ronopn+ o namnx
snannx n neponannx, npnnaneamnx namen kynr+ype n namemy npemenn, n kopnn
nrnnny+on nm +eopnn .nonmnnn ne+pyno ynne+r n nyeo-xpnc+nanckom ynennn o
nponnennnanrnoc+n nc+opnn kak c+anonnenn n ocymec+nnenn, noponnmem xapak+epno
sananym nem npemenn-c+penr.
Mono ne comnena+rc n +om, n+o n 6onee nnn menee o+annnom 6yymem
O+nocn+enrnoc+r n 3nonmnn yc+yn+ mec+o nnrm +eopnm, 6onee co+ne+c+nymmnm nonrm
nc+opnko-kynr+ypnrm ycnonnm. Ho mono c ynepennoc+rm npeckasa+r, n+o n .+n 6yymne
+eopnn ne cmory+ o6rcnn+r npem kak +akonoe, ko+opoe no ncex +eope+nnecknx konnennnx
cnyn+ akcnoma+nnecknm o6rcnn+enrnrm npnnnnnom, ne noammnmc o6rcnennm. Kak
mmopnc+nneckn samenae+ Ben+con n onom ns cnonx Me+anoron,

3+o cnoero poa oc+nrny+oe ynenrmn ycnonnoe cornamenne n onpeennnom
nynk+e nepec+a+r c+apa+rc o6rcn+r nemn... Y o6rcnn+enrnoro npnnnnna ne+
nnkakoro o6rcnenn. [4]

He+rpexmepnrn npoc+panc+nenno-npemennon kon+nnyym nan6onee yo6en n
conpemennoro nccneona+en, no .+o ne +o+ kon+nnyym, n ko+opom on nn+. C +onkn spenn
nenonenckoro onr+a npem n npoc+panc+no oc+am+c pasn+enrno necxonmn nsmepennmn.
Ecnn mey mnoronncnennrmn kynr+ypno e+epmnnnponannrmn qopmamn nenoneneckoro
onr+a cymec+nye+ kakon-nn6o o6mnn .nemen+, +o .+o kon+pac+ mey cymec+nonannem n
npoc+panc+ne n cymec+nonannem no npemenn.
B nsnec+nom cmrcne, nenonek nnaee+ npoc+panc+nom npoc+panc+nom, ko+opoe
sannmae+ ero +eno, nsmepe+c ero nnennmn, nanonne+c n oprannsye+c ero +pyamn. On
moe+ nosnpama+rc n onn n +e e +onkn npoc+panc+na, paccma+pnna+r npoc+panc+nennre
o6rek+r n pasnnnnrx pakypcax, conoc+ann+r n cpannnna+r nx. Pasnnnnre ynac+kn
npoc+panc+na cocymec+nym+ n nero n ononpemennoc+n, n n peanrnoc+n nx ne nosnnkae+
comnennn, naxo+c nn onn n cocennx komna+ax, no pasnre c+oponr okeana nnn n pasnrx
ranak+nkax.
Ho o+nomennm k npemenn nenonek naxon+c n non+n npo+nnonononon cn+yannn.
On ne nnaee+ npemenem: npem nnaee+ nm. n npemenn on npospanen: npem ne samenae+
ero cymec+nonann. He+ +akoro ynac+ka npemenn, ko+oprn on sannman 6r onn:
<c+p. 47>
kaoe mrnonenne on enn+ co mnoec+nom nemen n cymec+n. He moe+ on n saepa+r
mrnonenne, no+omy n+o mrnonenn 6ery+, kak necok cknosr nanrnr, ncnesa n npomnom. 3+a
penn me+aqopa ne no+ycknena c nekamn, n conpemennrn nenonek +onno +ak e omymae+
cno cymec+nonanne no npemenn, kak o6 .+om nncan n nanane VI neka Bo.nnn, cymmnponanmnn
ananornnnrn onr+ necn+nrx nokonennn:

Bc nnymee no npemenn, nn+ n nac+omem, nnekomoe ns npomnoro n 6yymee,
n nnn+o ne yc+poeno no npemenn +ak, n+o6r oxna+n+r ncm npoonn+enrnoc+r cnoen
nsnn ononpemenno. Ban+pa .+o em ne nac+ynnno, nnepa ono ye y+epno, n ae
nsnr .+oro n nponnae+c +onrko nnymnmnc n npoxomnmn mrnonennmn.
[5]

Mr moem nepennra+rc n npoc+panc+ne, no ne no npemenn. Hame snanne
npoc+panc+na onnpae+c na peanrnre npeme+r n nx o+nomenn; ono onyckae+ nponepky n
nosnone+ nam enc+nona+r c ynepennoc+rm. Ho npem peanrno n nac +onrko n rpannnax
cennac, sa npeenamn ko+oporo ono npncy+c+nye+ nnmr n nocnomnnannn nnn n
npenocxnmennn kak nen+o ye nnn em necymec+nymmee.
Heyepnmrn 6er npemenn, noc+onno nanomnnammnn o npemennoc+n n konennoc+n
nenoneka, .+o, 6eccnopno, camrn mynn+enrnrn qak+ nenoneneckoro cymec+nonann, o+
ko+oporo nce nsnec+nre kynr+ypr n nnnnnnsannn nr+anncr samnma+rc nocpec+nom mnqon,
pennrnosnrx pn+yanon n nckycc+na.
C+one+n rononokpyn+enrnoro nporpecca n sananom mnpe ne npn6nnsnnn nac k
paspemennm sarakn, mynnnmen Bnaennoro Anryc+nna. On 6rn npan: +o, c nem pasym
6eccnnen cnpann+rc, snakomo kaomy camrm nenocpec+nennrm o6pasom. Hnn+o ne
o6naae+ 6onrmen onennnoc+rm n nenoneneckoro onr+a, nem npem, +ekymee nepes ero
+eno n ym, nespnmo nrpammee ero nync+namn, o6pasamn, mrcnmn, no6yennmn. Hnn+o ne
cosna+c c 6onrmen o+n+nnnoc+rm, nem nepemenr coc+onnn, n ko+oprx nnenne npemenn
nrc+ynae+ co ncen nenocpec+nennoc+rm. H, nepo+no, nnn+o ne cosa+ nynmym
nosmonoc+r ncnr+a+r nenpeprnnoc+r nepemen, nem na6nmenne sa snykom; nepes snynanne
mr moem n 6yknanrnom cmrcne cnona omy+n+r npem, npon+r ero, nnra+rc nmee+e c nnm,
nokocr n rpannnax noc+onnoro peanrnoro cennac.
<c+p. 48>
* * *
3+o+ ny+r, onako, npo+nnopenn+ c+pom yma sananoro nenoneka: npe6rnanne n
nepnosannom no+oke nenpeprnno menmmeroc snyka poae+ n nm 6ecnokonc+no: on
onen nonnma+r, n+o on ncnr+rnae+, a n+o6r nonnma+r, on onen o6rek+nnnpona+r,
o+rcknna+r nnn nansrna+r nopok ncemy, n+o on na6nmae+, nknmna npem. On ne moe+
naccnnno o+a+rc nenonnac+nomy emy +enennm npemenn n npoc+o na6nma+r sa +em, n+o ono
nec+ c co6on; on onen npeoone+r, nokopn+r npem.
Mysrka moe+ cnyn+r n .+on nenn. Cnona C+pannnckoro o nasnanennn mysrkn
(peannsona+r nac+omee. Bnec+n nopok n o+nomenn mey nenonekom n npemenem.)
nrpaam+ ono ns camrx morymec+nennrx c+pemnennn, npncymnx sananon mysrke. He
Eneren n F+e o6 apxn+ek+ype kak sac+rnmen mysrke n mysrke kak +ekynen apxn+ek+ype,
c+onr cosnynna sananomy nenoneky, no mnornx kynr+ypax 6rna 6r con+ena nkon,
6eccmrcnennon nnn ae ockop6n+enrnon.
Konc+pynponanne ns snykonoro ma+epnana +akona rnanna nenr nsompnnrx
c+pa+ernn n +exnnk, ko+opre paspa6a+rnanncr, o6oramanncr n o++annnanncr sananrmn
komnosn+opamn na ncm npo+ennn nocnenero +rcnene+n. Pan .+oro no kon+ponr
6panncr nce ynpannemre xapak+epnc+nkn snyka nknmna npemennre. Ma+epnannsonannoe
n snyke npemen c+ano +pak+ona+rc kak neknn c+pon+enrnrn ma+epnan, ko+oprn mono
nsmep+r, enn+r na nac+n, .+n nac+n cpannnna+r mey co6on, yknarna+r n p, kak knpnnnn
nnn kamennre 6nokn, nrc+panna ns nnx nc 6onee kpynnre ennc+na, n npoona+r o +ex
nop, noka kpynna mysrkanrna qopma ne npno6pe++ macm+a6noc+r, nennnne n
sakonnennoc+r snykonoro co6opa.
Bonrmne n manre snykonre 6nokn .+on c+pyk+ypnon nepapxnn oqopmnm+c +aknm
o6pasom, n+o6r karn ns nnx mono 6rno oxna+n+r ennrm mrcnennrm nsopom. Takon
6nok nocnpnnnmae+c ne kak nocneona+enrnoc+r snykonrx co6r+nn, a kak komnnekc, nake+
npemennrx coo+nomennn. Baqnkcnponannrn komnnekc o+nomennn mey .nemen+amn
nac+non mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr, 6yr +o pn+mnnecka qnrypa, menon nnn akkopona
nocneona+enrnoc+r, 6onee nenonnac+en +enennm npemenn; on moe+ nosnpa+n+rc n nm6on
momen+ peanrnoro npemenn n 6ye+ ysnan kak +o+ e camrn. Tenepr .+o+ cnonrn
mrcnennrn o6rek+, noo6-
<c+p. 49>
no mnororpannomy kpnc+anny, mono nonopannna+r nm6on c+oponon n paccma+pnna+r
n nm6on nocneona+enrnoc+n. En6epr onpeennn .+y cn+yannm c nan6onrmen
o+n+nnnoc+rm, kora ynoo6nn nenana+n+ononre o6pasonann o6rek+am n npeme+am,
nocnpn+ne ko+oprx ne sanncn+ o+ pakypca n nanpannenn nsrna:

Mr ncera ysnam, nanpnmep, no, 6y+rnky nnn nacr nesanncnmo o+ nx
pacnonoenn n moem npec+ann+r nx ce6e n nm6om nosmonom pakypce; +onno +ak
e mysrkan+-+nopen cnoco6en nocosna+enrno onepnpona+r pamn +onon
nesanncnmo o+ nx nanpannennn n o+ +oro, kaknm o6pasom o+paae+c conokynnoc+r
nx o+nomennn, oc+ammac annon nennnnnon. [6]

Bnyk o+cnynn cnom cny6y. Tenepr nnno mysrkn onpeene+ ne on, a nrnnenna
nm c+pyk+ypa npemenna, no ne sanncma npemenn. Hy+r nn ne nm6a xapak+epnc+nka
mysrkanrnoro ennc+na moe+ naprnpona+rc ronoca yc+ynn+r mec+o nnc+pymen+am,
+onanrnoc+r, pernc+p, rpomkoc+r, +emn, ae mnpnna n nanpannenne nn+epnanon nsmenenr,
ecnn npemennre o+nomenn oc+anncr npennmn, ono 6ye+ ysnana+rc kak +o e camoe.
Ysnananne snakomon mysrkanrnon mrcnn a+ +akoe e yonne+nopenne, kak
nocemenne snakomoro mec+a. Okasrnae+c, n no npemenn nosmonr non+opnre nc+penn c
nepen+rm co6r+nem, a snann+ n ocno6oenne o+ ero neo6pa+nmoro xoa. Kpnc+ann
mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr cosepnae+c n nekom nrenennom ns no+oka npemenn pacmnpennom,
nponnnom cennac. Takon sananrn cnoco6 npeoonenn npemenn: nmopannanne ero n
c+pyk+ypy.
B +akoro poa no6ee na npemenem ena nn cneye+ nne+r oco6ym sacnyry mysrkn
nnn no+nepenne e npemennon npnpor: n .+om cmrcne ne xymym nosmonoc+r
saqnkcnpona+r n nnonr noce+n+r onpeennnrm o6pasom oprannsonannrn o+pesok npemenn
nam a+ knnoqnnrm nnn nneosanncr, a npoc+a nm6n+enrcka qo+orpaqn moe+ cnn+a+rc
ocymec+nnennem qayc+onckon men+r: oc+anonncr, mrnonenre.
He nyno 6r+r oco6enno rny6oknm mrcnn+enem, n+o6r ynne+r n mysrkanrnom
yc+anonnenn nopka n o+nomennx mey nenonekom n npemenem nsompnnym
pasnonnnoc+r .ckannsma 6erc+na o+ npemenn. Cosepnanne mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr
nomorae+ sa6rna+r o peanrnom npemenn. Mr cosepnaem ne no+ok snykon, a sac+rnmne
konqnrypannn .+oro no+oka kpnc+ann, a ne nnam.
<c+p. 50>
Taka cnoco6noc+r a+c nenerko; nenonek Banaa ne poae+c c nen, no
npno6pe+ae+ n nponecce onroro n +pynoro o6ynenn, o ko+opom nac+o mr ae ne
noospenaem, nac+onrko nno+no on cnsan c nrpa6o+kon nponnx 6asonrx kynr+ypnrx
nanrkon. Ho n o+ nenoneka, nnonne onnaenmero +aknmn nanrkamn, c+pyk+ypnoe cnrmanne
mysrkn +pe6ye+ nn+encnnnrx nn+ennek+yanrnrx ycnnnn, ko+opre npak+nneckn nnkora ne
ynennnnam+c nonnrm ycnexom. Cnn+annre ns nncna nan6onee nrammnxc mysrkan+on
mory+ ronopn+r o cnoen cnoco6noc+n nocnpnnnma+r n yepnna+r n nam+n mysrkanrnym
c+pyk+ypy kpynnoro nponsneenn no ncex e+anx. Ho ae n cnynae onenr kopo+koro
connnenn onn nyam+c n ycnyrax nam+n: nponecc o6pasonann konc+pyknnn ns
noonepno cnrmnmrx snynannn ae na kopo+kon nc+annnn sanepmae+c +onrko c
okonnannem annoro o+peska mysrkn, kora nc npemec+nymmee ye o+snynano,
yepnnae+c nnmr nam+rm n npnnanen+ ye ne nac+omemy, a npomnomy.
Br+ecnenne omymenn peanrno +ekymero npemenn nn+ennek+yanrnrmn npemennrmn
konc+pyknnmn +ake ne nne+c ncknmnn+enrnon npepora+nnon mysrkn. Kak nokasrnae+
Xan Hre, +akono ynnnepcanrnoe cnec+nne konnennnn npemenn n conpemennom sananom
mnpe. B cnoen knnre Hoc+nenne npemenn pe6nkom, ocnonannon na .kcnepnmen+anrnom
ma+epnane, on onncrnae+ c+ann qopmnponann non+n npemenn n onnaenn nm, ko+opre
sannmam+ okono ec+n nepnrx ne+ nsnn. B o6mnx nep+ax nopok qopmnponann nanrkon
mrcnennoro o6pamenn c npemenem +akon:

(1) pasnnnenne mey ononpemennrmn n nocneona+enrnrmn co6r+nmn n
qopmnponanne nen nocneona+enrnoc+n;
(2) nepexo o+ amopqnon (nenocpec+nennon) k pacnnennnon
(nonyonepannonnon) nn+ynnnn nn+enrnoc+n;
(3) rpynnnponka co6r+nn n o+peskon npemenn;
(4) cpannenne n npnpannnnanne nn+enrnoc+en n noc+nenne nopkon n
napannenrnrx cepnx co6r+nn


nocnenee osnanae+, n+o enna npemenna mkana cnonnacr n qynknnonnpye+ n cosnannn
pe6nka. 3+a mkana c+anonn+c +em qonom, na ko+opom pasmemam+c n coo+noc+c
npec+annenn ononpemennrx nnn nocneona+enrnrx co6r+nn noo6me n mysrkanrnrx n
nac+noc+n.
<c+p. 51>
O+nmr ne cnynanno nen Hre o spenom onr+e nocnpn+n npemenn non+n
6yknanrno connaam+ co cnonamn C+pannnckoro o nopke, nnocnmom mysrkon n o+nomenn
mey nenonekom n npemenem, xo+ onn ronopn+ o peannsannn nac+omero, a pyron o6
ocno6oennn o+ nac+omero. O6a onn ncxo+ ns o6mero kynr+ypnoro onr+a, ne cosnana
ero o6ycnonnennoc+n, o+nocn+enrnoc+n n orpannnennoc+n. Ho na .+om Hre ne
oc+anannnnae+c: ne samena cymec+nonann kynr+ypnrx rpannn on, noo6no Hykepkannm,
onennnae+ nnor cnoen kynr+ypr kak nrcmee oc+nenne n cnrcoka nsnpae+ na nnre, menee
spenre cnoco6r nepennann npemenn, xapak+epnre n npnmn+nnnon mrcnn.

Cxna+rnanne npemenn pannonenno ocno6oennm ce6 o+ nac+omero,
npeoonennm npoc+panc+na nnra+enrnrm ycnnnem, +.e. nocpec+nom o6pa+nmrx
onepannn. Cnen+r sa npemenem n npoc+on neo6pa+nmon nocneona+enrnoc+n co6r+nn
snann+ npoc+o 6eso+n+no nponna+r ero. C pyron c+oponr, ocosnana+r npem
snann+ npocnenna+r ero n o6onx nanpannennx. Ho.+omy pannonanrnoe npem
o6pa+nmo, +ora kak .mnnpnneckoe npem neo6pa+nmo...
n npnmn+nnnon mrcnn xapak+epno +o, n+o ona nocnpnnnmae+ kak a6conm+nym
nm6ym nac+nym nepcnek+nny, c ko+opon en cnynae+c nme+r eno, n n+o, ncnec+nne
.+oro, ona necnoco6na rpynnnpona+r. 3+o+ nepnonananrnrn peannsm ec+r n
qopma .ronen+pnsma (nockonrky +ekymne coc+onn nomemam+c n nen+p ncero), n
qopma neo6pa+nmoc+n (nockonrky n nero onn momen+ cmene+c pyrnm, ne ne k
pekonc+pyknnn o6men kap+nnr +enenn). Fonop +onnee, .ronen+pnsm n
neo6pa+nmoc+r .+o +oec+nennre nemn, xapak+epnre n coc+onn nennnnoc+n,
npemec+nymmero qase kpn+nneckoro konc+pynponann. [7]

O6pa+nmoe npem npec+anne+c nrcmnm oc+nennem nn+ennek+a. Takonrm ono n
nne+c: npoyk+om nn+ennek+a nnc+pymen+om, nomorammnm yc+anannnna+r pasymnrn
nopok, n mnpmon, ko+opon on sacnone+c o+ nyrammen peanrnoc+n neymonnmo +ekymero,
yxomero npemenn. Bpem nepenon+c na srk npoc+panc+nennrx npec+annennn,
peanrnoc+r nomene+c pannonannc+nneckon qnknnen. Hre nnme+:

Hpoc+panc+no .+o momen+anrnrn o+nena+ok npemenn, +ora kak npem .+o
npoc+panc+no n nnennn... Ecnn npem .+o enc+nn+enrno koopnnann nnennn n
+om cmrcne, n+o npoc+panc+no .+o nornka npeme+on, +o mr onnr 6r+r ro+onr
o6napyn+r cymec+nonanne onepannonnoro npemenn, nknmnammero o+nomenn
nocneonann n nn+enrnoc+n, ocnonannre na ananornnnrx nornnecknx onepannx.
Onepannonnoe npem 6ye+ o+nnnno o+ nnvynvnnnoro npemenn... [8]

<c+p. 52>
Takon onr+ npemenn .+o+ rny6oko ycnoennrn 6eccosna+enrno an+oma+nnecknn
mrcnennrn nanrk nesamennm n cymec+nonann n conpemennom nnyc+pnanrno pasnn+om
o6mec+ne. On nonesen n neko+oprx o+pacnx naykn, n oco6ennoc+n, n mexannke, no
nenpnmennm n pyrnx +aknx, nanpnmep, kak +epmonnamnka, 6nonorn nnn connonorn.
Hpec+annenne npemenn n qopmax npoc+panc+na, ero o6pa+nmoc+r n nsmepnmoc+r nomoram+
conpemennomy nenoneky n ero connanrnom cymec+nonannn, no onn ne nmem+ cnnr n ero
cy6rek+nnnom mnpe. Peanrnoe neo6pa+nmoe npem ne cnn+ae+c c ycnonnoc+mn namen
nnnnnnsannn.
Hre onncrnae+ qopmnponanne konnennnn onepa+nnnoro npemenn y e+en non+n kak
6nonornneckym neo6xonmoc+r n neo+remnemym nac+r o6mero pasnn+n nnnnnyyma.
Hopasn+enrno, n+o qynamen+anrnrn n, kasanocr 6r, .nemen+apnrn nanrk nonnmann
npemenn npno6pe+ae+c pe6enkom n pesynr+a+e c+onr cnonoro nponecca, sannmammero n
neckonrko pas 6onrme npemenn, nem onnaenne srkom n penrm. 3+o, onako, ne nanon+
Hre na mrcnr o cnennqnneckn kynr+ypnon connanrnon o6ycnonnennoc+n onncannrx nm
qopm npemennoro onr+a, xo+ n +akoro nrnoa 6rn neo6xonm +onrko onn mar. On
samenae+:

Cxemr npemenn konc+pynpym+c cy6rek+amn n nponecce nx aan+annn k
okpyammemy mnpy... Bpemennre coo+nomenn, konc+pynpyemre manenrknmn
e+rmn,., n ocnonnom ocnonanr ne na nx co6c+nennom onr+e, a na +om, n+o onn
cnrma+ o+ nspocnrx. [9]

Homnmo +oro, n+o e+n ysnam+ o+ nspocnrx, mnoec+no nemen n conpemennon,
oco6enno ropockon cpee yna+ nx onepnpona+r npemenem kak cno6ono nepememaemrmn
c+pyk+ypnrmn 6nokamn: non+opmmnnc pacnopok n, pacnncann mkonrnrx ypokon n
+enenepean, nnqep6na+r nacon, komnkcr n mnoroe pyroe. Onn pac+y+ n o6mec+ne, re npem
cnyn+ +onapom: secr ono +onno o+mepe+c n ynakonrnae+c, ero +pa++, npoam+,
.konom+, en+, o6mennnam+ n ae y6nnam+. Haykn npenoanaemre n mkonax n
ynnnepcn+e+ax kynr+nnnpym+ npec+annenne o npemenn kak o nyc+on onoponon
npo+nnoc+n, nan6onee narnno nso6paaemon nnnnen, nonr ko+opon o+enrnre co6r+n
mory+ pasmema+rc, coo+nocn+rc n onncrna+rc c makcnmanrnon o6rek+nnnoc+rm.
hnnenno-npoc+panc+nenna konnennn npemenn nens6eno ne+ k nonnmannm nsnn
n nc+opnn kak .nonmnnn nporpecca, conepmenc+nonann, oc+nenn. Bnonne nornnno,
no.+omy, Hre
<c+p. 53>
nomemae+ .+y konnennnm na nepmnny .nonmnnonnon nec+nnnr, nac+onnnno nonpknna e
npenmymec+na nepe npemec+nymmnmn, a cneona+enrno, nnsmnmn qopmamn
npemennoro onr+a.
Honrsycr ero onpeenennmn n ononn nx (n cko6kax) neoc+ammnmn, no nno
npenonaraemrmn, mono konnen+pnponanno npec+ann+r nonnmanne npemenn n ero nnsmen
n nrcmen qopmax cneymmnm pom onnosnnnn:

3ronen+pnnnoe (O6mnnnoe)
Hpnmn+nnnoe (Hnnnnnsonannoe)
Coc+onne nennnnoc+n Kpn+nneckoe konc+pynponanne
3mnnpnneckoe Onepannonnoe
Hn+yn+nnnoe Pannonanrnoe
Henocpec+nennoe Onpoc+panc+nnennoe
Heo6pa+nmoe O6pa+nmoe
Hponnaemoe annoe n snannn

C +onkn spenn nn+ennek+yanrnoro pasnn+n, onr+ npemenn, onncannrn n npanon
kononke, 6eccnopno nne+c 6onee spenrm n npoyk+nnnrm. Ho npn .+om nosnnkae+ p
nonpocon, ko+oprmn Hre ae ne saa+c: Ynnnepcanrna nn nn+ennek+yanrna konnennn
npemenn? Cnpanennna nn ona n nm6on kynr+ypr? Xapak+epna nn ona n ncex nepnoon
sananon nnnnnnsannn? Hcknmnae+ nn ona npnmn+nnnoe nocnpn+ne npemenn? O6rcne+
nn ona nce acnek+r nepennann npemenn n sananom o6mec+ne?
Ha nce .+n nonpocr cneye+ o+pnna+enrnrn o+ne+. H nnn+o ne emonc+pnpye+
orpannnennoc+r .+on konnennnn nynme, nem qenomenr mysrkanrnoro onr+a.
(.E+2 3 E-2E
Apon Konnen nnme+ o mysrke, kak nenonek, nckpenno ynnennnrn n paymmnnc en,
n .+o o6pa+nno ero nnnmanne na oco6ennoc+r mysrkanrnoro onr+a, ko+opon +eope+nkn
npene6peram+.

B o+nnnne o+ pyrnx nckycc+n, ncknmna, nosmono, +anen, mysrka npnnocn+
nacnaenne ononpemenno na nnsmem n na nrcmem yponnx ocosnann. Bce mr,
konenno, cosnam n ncnr+rnaem pa-
<c+p. 54>
oc+r, ynnekaemre nnep +enennem mysrkn; +em ne menee nmenno cosanne .+oro
omymenn no+oka n ero nsanmoo+nomennx c qopmanrnon c+pyk+ypon, +pe6ymmne o+
komnosn+opa nrcmnx nn+ennek+yanrnrx cnoco6noc+en, oc+anne+ nan6onee oc+poe
nacnaenne cnymammnm ymam. Henpeprnna yc+pemnnnoc+r mysrkn nnep
saxna+rnae+ nnonne: c onon c+oponr, ona, kak kae+c, oc+anannnnae+ camo npem,
sanonn onpeennnoe npemennoe npoc+panc+no, a c pyron, npec+anne+c +ekymen
nepe namnm nsopom c nanopom n cnepkannem morynen pekn.[10]

Konnen +oe pasnnnae+ nnsmnn n nrcmnn yponnn mysrkanrnoro nocnpn+n,
anee npo+nnonoc+ann ayn+opnm n 6onee npocnemennoro cnyma+en. Moe+
nokasa+rc, n+o on, kak n Hre, pasmemae+ nx na mkane nn+ennek+yanrnrx cnoco6noc+en.
Onako n ero onncannn nnsmnn n nrcmnn cnoco6r ne ncknmnam+, no cocymec+nym+ n
ononnm+ pyr pyra.
To, o nm on ronopn+, o+paae+ ne conepmenno pasnre yc+anonkn n nnockoc+n
nocnpn+n: ona ns nnx saknmnae+c n cneonannn +enennm snykonoro nponecca; pyra n
cxna+rnannn n yepnnannn nam+rm ero c+pyk+yp n c+pyk+ypnrx o+nomennn. Onn ne mory+
coo+nocn+rc kak nrcma n nnsma, no+omy n+o kaa onnpae+c na oco6ym nac+ponky yma,
noro+onky n nanrkn. Kaa ns nnx nnn o6e onn mory+ naxon+rc n pasnn+om nnn
pynmen+apnom coc+onnn, kaa nne+c npoyk+om cpannn+enrno nesanncnmon cnc+emr
noneenn n o6naae+ cnonmn ynnkanrnrmn nosmonoc+mn.
Mey nnmn ec+r, onako, cymec+nennoe pasnnnne on+onornneckoro xapak+epa.
Tenenne snynannn nenpeprnno nsmenmmnxc n cmenemrx nonrmn .+o nepnoe n camoe
nanoe, c nem cnyma+enr conpnkacae+c, n+o on ncnr+rnae+ n cosepnae+. Cxna+rnanne
mysrkanrnrx c+pyk+yp nponcxon+ nose (nnn nonce ne nponcxon+) +onrko na ocnone .+oro
nepnnnnoro onr+a n n sanncnmoc+n o+ nnaenn cnennanrnrmn nanrkamn c+pyk+ypnoro
cnrmann. Cama ne mysrkn kak konc+pyknnn, +pe6ymmen onomomen+noro cxna+rnann,
xapak+epna n sananon kynr+ypr n cnonnacr cpannn+enrno neanno. Ona 6rna nensnec+na
ncero neckonrko c+one+nn nasa n nya 6onrmnnc+ny mysrkanrnrx kynr+yp sa npeenamn
Banaa.
Hs ncex nckycc+n mysrka nckycc+no nan6onee ak+nnnoe, nnac+noe, arpeccnnnoe.
Cne+, nnnmre kpackn, qopmr n nnenn, nena+noe cnono onnr monnannno ona+r, noka
na nnx o6pa++ nnnmanne. Bnyk e sac+anne+ cnrma+r ce6, ae ecnn .+o neyrono
cnyma+enm. Hepes snyk npem ne +onrko c+anonn+c o-
<c+p. 55>
c+ynnrm na6nmennm n cosepnannm, no n nonynae+ .neprnm, npnnneka k ce6e nnnmanne,
nenocpec+nenno nosenc+ny na nync+na, sac+ann camo +eno cnymammero o+srna+rc
nenponsnonrnrmn nnennmn. C+on+ o+me+n+r, n+o cnon+annre nnemnne peaknnn na mysrky
.+o+ ec+ec+nennrn n nesamennmrn komnonen+ npnmn+nnnoro onr+a n mysrkanrnon
npak+nke Banaa noanne+c n cnn+ae+c connanrno nenpnemnemrm, +ora kak c+pyk+ypnoe
cnrmanne n +akon e mepe noompe+c n kynr+nnnpye+c.
Henonek Banaa o6ynae+c qnkcnpona+r cno nnnmanne ne na menmmemc,
nnymem snynannn, a na snykonrx konc+pyknnx; n nero nocnpn+ne mysrkn kak nenn
nsanmocnsannrx c+pyk+ypnrx ennc+n nmee+ 6onrme cmrcna, nem na6nmenne sa
nenpeprnnoc+rm nepemen. Kaoe +akoe ennc+no npec+anne+c o+enrnrm o6rek+om c
onpeennnrmn xapak+epnc+nkamn mec+ononoennem (nrco+a, pernc+p), npo+nnoc+rm
(nn+enrnoc+r), .neprnen (rpomkoc+r), okpackon n necom (+em6p), nno+noc+rm (qak+ypa) n
qynknnen ponrm n nepapxnn c+a+nnecknx n nnamnnecknx nsanmoo+nomennn c pyrnmn
ennc+namn.
Ha npo+ennn c+one+nn sananre komnosn+opr paspa6a+rnann (n cnyma+enm
nonaranocr nocnena+r sa nnmn) orpomnrn apcenan komnosnnnonnrx npnmon, nc 6onee
pasnoo6pasnrx n nsompnnrx n npernnnmnx k nn+ennek+y nc 6onee nrcokne +pe6onann.
3+o n ec+r nponecc (o6rnno nmenyemrn nporpeccom), ko+oprn nn o+ nnsmnx yponnen
mysrkanrnoro nocnpn+n k nrcmnm o+ nenocpec+nennoro nepennann npemennoro
nponecca k onepnponannm c+pyk+ypamn, o+ apxanneckon nn+ynnnn kanec+nennoro
ononanpannennoro npemenn k konnennnn onpoc+panc+nnennoro konnnec+nenno nsmepnmoro
onepannonnoro npemenn.
Hanrk o6pamenn co npemenem kak c npoc+panc+nom, c +onamn kak o6rek+amn, a
+ononrmn c+pyk+ypamn kak cosnesnmn neo6xonmo npenonarae+ cymec+nonanne nekoro
mrcnennoro npoc+panc+na, n ko+opom .+n o6rek+r pasmemam+c n coo+noc+c. 3+o
npoc+panc+no (nasonm ero npoekvnnnmu) onno o6naa+r mnnnmym nym nsmepennmn
nep+nkanrnrm (nrco+nrm) n ropnson+anrnrm (npemennrm). O6a nsmepenn onoponr, no ne
nenpeprnnr: onn knan+onanr nanmenrmen c+anap+non ennnnen nony+onom n
nn+enrnoc+rm kpa+nanmen no+r. Taknm o6pasom, npoek+nnnoe npoc+panc+no okasrnae+c ne
cnnomnrm, a ce+na+rm npoc+panc+nom +onek nepecenenn nep+nkanen n ropnson+anen.
Ha .+om ce+na+om .kpane +ona naxo+ cnon npoeknnn, o6rennm+c n 6onee kpynnre
ennc+na, cxna+rnam+c n qnkcn-
<c+p. 56>
pym+c nam+rm kak onomomen+nre konqnrypannn, ana nosmonoc+r onosnana+r nx npn
nocneymmnx nonnennx, ynannnna+r n onennna+r nx monqnkannn. n .+oro n
npoek+nnnom npoc+panc+ne onna nponcxon+r e+enrna pa6o+a: snykonon nponecc onen
npannnrno pacnnen+rc, ennc+na o+knarna+rc n nam+n, qasr nponecca conoc+ann+rc n
cnsrna+rc; nen+p nnnmann onen nepe6pacrna+rc nasa n nnepe nepes nc 6onee
mnpokne nn+epnanr ropnson+anrnoro nsmepenn, noka na mrcnennym nnockoc+r ne
cnpoennpye+c c+pyk+ypa ncero nponsneenn. 3+a nn+ennek+yanrna pa6o+a ne npn6nnae+ n
ne moe+ npn6nnsn+r cnyma+en k nepennannm nnn noc+nennm npemenn, no+omy n+o ona
nanpannena k npmo npo+nnonononon nenn k npeoonennm npemenn, k ncknmnennm ero ns
onr+a.
H+o e +ora nponcxon+ na nnsmem yponne ocosnann, re, kak nnme+ Konnen
cnyma+enr okasrnae+c saxnanennrm +enennem mysrkn, e nenpeprnnon yc+pemnnnoc+rm
nnep? He secr nn nosnnkae+ nosmonoc+r ncnr+a+r +enenne npemenn? Taka
nosmonoc+r, 6esycnonno, nosnnkae+, no nosmonoc+r orpannnenna.
Yponenr, ko+oprn Konnen nasrnae+ nnsmnm, na mkane Hre pacnonoen
ononrno nrcoko. Omymenne nanopa morynen pekn, +ekymen nepe namnm nsopom, n
cymnoc+n, aneko o+ nn+yn+nnnoro .mnnpnneckoro nepennann npemenn. B .+om
.monnonanrno okpamennom npec+annennn o+paae+c nepennanne nnamnneckoro acnek+a
mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr. Hapy c nn+ennek+yanrnrm npec+annennem cnsannrx nac+en
c+a+nnnon nnenpemennon konc+pyknnn, ee .nemen+r n ennc+na nocnpnnnmam+c kak nac+nnr,
sapnnre .neprnen, o6naammne 6onrmnm nnn menrmnm momen+om nnenn,
npn+rnnaemre pyr k pyry n k onpeennnrm omnnnpymmnm nen+pam rpann+annn.
Ho.+omy cnna, nnekyma cnyma+en nnep, ne noc+onna, a nonnoo6pasna: ncconancr
cmenm+c konconancamn, saepann paspemam+c, napac+ann npnno+ k paspammen
kynrmnnannn, napymennoe pannonecne nac+en komnencnpye+c n +.. 3+a cnna ec+r ne n+o
nnoe, kak .monn, poaema saxna+rnammnm yx ny+emec+nnem no xonmnc+omy
nanmaq+y pasnp+rnammenc mysrkanrnon qopmr, a ne nepennanne npemenn kak
+akonoro.
n conpnkocnonenn c onr+om npemenn, neo6xonm perpecc nosnpamenne k
coc+onnm nennnnoc+n c xapak+epnrm n nero npmrm, npnmn+nnnrm nnn, nepnee,
apxannecknm cnoco6om nocnpn+n. Beka nnnnnnsannn ne ynnn+onnn ero. On npoonae+
<c+p. 57>
cymec+nona+r mnoro nne nnsmero yponn ocosnann, onncannoro Konnen om, n cnyn+
nc+onnnkom conepmenno oco6rx nepennannn, ne nnonne nyrx ae camomy
npocnemnnomy cnyma+enm.
Ha6nma+r c 6epera morynee +enenne pekn npemenn, 6r+r saxnanennrm e nanopom
n cnepkannem .+o concem ne +o e camoe, n+o naxon+rc n camom no+oke n o+ana+rc
+enennm, oc+anacr no o+nomennm k nemy n nonnon nenonnnoc+n. Takona nosmona
me+aqopa nnc+oro onr+a npemenn onr+a a6conm+no cy6rek+nnnoro n nenon+opnmoro, ne
noammeroc nn onncannm, nn pannonanrnomy noc+nennm, no+omy n+o nn+ennek+ ne
npnnnmae+ n nm nnkakoro ynac+n. B +akom onr+e npem nepec+a+ onennna+rc kak nnemnnn
o6rek+ n c+anonn+c camnm 6r+nem cy6rek+a. O6 .+om npnmn+nnnom, apxanneckom onr+e
on Hpnc+nn nncan:

dak+nneckn, on ne ncnes 6eccneno. a n mor nn on ncnesny+r? Homnmo ncero, mr
no+omkn .+nx npnmn+nnnrx nmen, c ko+oprmn mr cnsanr kponrm, koc+non n
nepnnon cnc+emon n pasnnnnrmn +annc+nennrmn ynac+kamn namero mosra, n kak 6r
mr nn npesnpann .+o name nacnene, mr ne moem ns6ann+rc o+ nero... Ona ns
npecneymmnx nac nen, na ko+oprmn mr moem nacmexa+rc, no ko+opre nnkora
ne oc+an+ nac, nen, cynmnx +annc+nennym narpay +am, re nc nponee
o6manrnae+ namn onann, .+o ne Bennkoro Bpemenn, cnonnneckoro
mnqonornneckoro npemenn, naxomeroc sa n na o6rennrm npemenem n
kanec+nenno conepmenno o+nnnnoro o+ nero. [11]

Tonrko nnca+enr, naennnrn noo6paennem, okasanc cnoco6nrm onenn+r
ocno6oammym cnny nn+yn+nnnoro onr+a npemenn, neoc+ynnoro nornnecknm nrknakam
+eope+nkon.
Honeenne, cony+c+nymmee nn+ennek+yanrno onocpeonannomy nepennannm
npemennrx nponeccon, noa+c o6rek+nnnomy na6nmennm, nsmepennm n anannsy. Ho 6rno
6r 6eccmrcnenno, nonrsycr +em e me+oom, nr+a+rc non+r npnpoy nn+yn+nnnoro onr+a
npemenn. H nc e neko+opre nrnor nanpamnnam+c.
Xnsenr Bpene o6pamae+ nnnmanne na npnmena+enrnoe pasnnnne noneennecknx
yc+anonok no o+nomennm k mysrke mey nmrmn Banaa n Boc+oka:

Cnnmkom nac+o nenonek Banaa ne sa6o+n+c o +om, n+o6r noro+onn+r ce6 k
cnymannm, +ora kak nnycr n +n6e+nr nsanna nn+ n "poennn snyka"
pennrnosnoe +annc+no, k ko+opomy yma ne moe+ npno6mn+rc n nenoo6ammem
coc+onnn. [12]
<c+p. 58>

Kaa kynr+ypa o+6npae+ n pasnnnae+ onpeennnre cnonc+na snyka. C .+on +onkn
spenn kpanne noynn+enrno conoc+ann+r +e, n+o cnn+am+c mysrkanrno npenon+n+enrnrmn
na Banae n na Boc+oke, n onenn+r nx nosmonoc+n c +onkn spenn c+pyk+ypnoro nocnpn+n,
c onon c+oponr, n onr+a npemenn, c pyron.
O6mnpnrn kpyr sananrx mysrkanrnrx c+nnen, +eopnn n ncnonnn+enrcknx mkon
+npo onnpae+c na nem vona. Mysrkanrnrn +on .+o nnc+rn snyk, o6naammnn
onpeennnon c+a6nnrnon nrco+on n onoponon okpackon. Takon cno onepnennrn, nerko
onosnanaemrn o6rek+ yo6en n o6pamennn. On ne +epe+c n cone+annx c pyrnmn +onamn,
ne+ko o6pnconrnae+ kon+yp menonneckon nnnnn, ynac+nye+ n o6pasonannn npospannon
rapmonnneckon nnn nonnqonnneckon +kann, moe+ 6r+r +onno o+mepen, onosnannrm
o6pasom nonmenonan, no+nponan n nocnponsnen. Kak .nemen+ c+pyk+ypr on ananornnen
+onke na koopnna+non ce+ke. Hpo+nnrn +on npoennpye+c n nnnnm. Tona ne mory+
naxon+rc re yrono: npnemnemr nnmr nx nonnenn n onpeennnrx c+anap+no
pasmemnnrx +onkax nrco+non mkanr. Onn ne nepe+ekam+ onn n pyron, no mory+ nnmr
ckankoo6pasno cmen+r pyr pyra. Pem+ka npeyc+anonnennoro na6opa nrco+ rny6oko
ycnannae+c n nponecce o6ynenn; ona kanonnsnponana cnc+emon n+nnnnennon no+annn n
nc+poena n konc+pyknnm mnorosnynnrx nnc+pymen+on; e spnmrm .knnnanen+om cnyn+
knanna+ypa. Hnc+o+a nopma+nnnrx nrco+ 6n+enrno o6eperae+c: ckonrko-nn6yr same+noe
o+knonenne o+ nnx ocyae+c kak rpsr, nnoxon c+pon nnn qanrmnna nn+onann.
Camrm nonnrm n npec+ann+enrnrm nonnomennem .+on mysrkanrnon cnc+emr
nne+c, 6eccnopno, opran. Hponsnonmre nm nnc+re c+a6nnrnre +ona c n+knmn nananamn n
konnamn nnm+c neanrnrm ma+epnanom n nosneenn snykonrx c+pyk+yp. He cnynanno
snanenne oprana pesko nospocno c nananom .pr nonnqonnn, kora nonynnn +n+yn nap
nnc+pymen+on n o+kprn nepe komnosn+opamn ynnkanrnre nepcnek+nnr n o6nac+n
snykonon apxn+ek+ypr. Bnaroap onoponoc+n snynann, opran namnoro npenocxon+ nce
nponne snykonre nc+onnnkn cnoc+rm nepeann nan6onee cnonrx +ononrx c+pyk+yp n
o+nomennn.
Onako +e e cnonc+na enam+ ero c+epnnrnrm n 6esnsnennrm c +onkn spenn
nync+nennoro onr+a. Oprannrn +on qenomen ne6naroapnrn n cosepnann. On
nknmnae+c n nrknmnae+c. Ero snynanne nenonnno n ne snae+ nny+pennnx nsmenennn.
3c+e+nneckym npnnneka+enrnoc+r on npno6pe+ae+ nnmr 6naroa-
<c+p. 59>
p nnemnnm ycnonnm, c ko+oprmn on nac+onrko cpocc, n+o nne nx ne mrcnn+c.
Hc+onnnkom e cnya+ orpomnre pesonnpymmne npoc+panc+na co6opon, a nose 6onrmnx
konnep+nrx sanon, n akyc+nke ko+oprx oprannrn snyk naxon+ npoonenne n o6pe+ae+
nsnr.

Bnann+enrna penep6epann nne+c neo+remnemrm komnonen+om camon
oprannon mysrkn. B akyc+nneckn mp+non cpee ona pacnaae+c na 6eccnsnre
qparmen+r. [13]

To, n+o cnpanennno no o+nomennm k oprannon mysrke, n 6onrmon mepe o+nocn+c k
sananon mysrke noo6me. H+o6r o6ora+n+r oc+annemrn em nync+nennrn onr+, neo6xonmo
pasnnnnrmn cnoco6amn pasmrna+r, sa+emn+r e c+pyk+ypy. B knnre, nocnmennon
nonpocam mysrkanrnon akyc+nkn, dpnn Bnnkenr nnme+:

Heconepmenc+no anann+nnecknx cnoco6noc+en namnx opranon nync+n nanon+ na
mrcnr o +om, n+o ne c+onr y nano c npesmepnon c+poroc+rm npnepnna+rc
ma+ema+nneckn yc+anonnennrx nn+epnanrnrx o+nomennn n mysrke... C +onkn spenn
.c+e+nkn, mono 6rno 6r onaca+rc, n+o e+onnponanne- ne+ k sa+emnennm snyka,
nennc+o+e n mymy. Onako nccneonann nokasrnam+, nackonrko nanr .+n
sa+emnenn n mymr. Mr snaem, n+o n nnonncn +ake ncnonrsye+c npnm
macknponkn nne+a, namepenno enaemoro nennc+rm pan cosann 6ora+c+na ero
o++enkon, a nnora nc kap+nna cnonno nokprnae+c nyanrm n nnn+c kak 6r cknosr
rmky: heonapo a Bnnnn nasrnan .+o+ npnm sfumato. Xnnonncnrn cnonrn
snyk c+anonn+c, +aknm o6pasom, 6orane nnqopmannen.
B mysrke nn+onann n kpaconnoc+r nonnnm+c ananornnnomy .c+e+nneckomy
sakony o+knonenn o+ c+poron rapmonnn n conepmennon qopmr. Mr nc cnee
nonnmaem, n+o mymr +ak e nanr, kak cornacnre n cone+annn c rnacnrmn. Onn
qnsnneckn nens6enr, no nx mec+o n mysrkanrnon npak+nke namnoro npenrmae+
.+o+ mnnnmym. Eymr... mory+ nonpknna+r nnn pasmrna+r snykonym kap+nny,
ycnnnna +em camrm kommynnka+nnnre nosmonoc+n mysrkn. [14]

Takona cnennqnneckn sanana npo6nema o+paenne npo+nnopenn mey
+ma+enrnon paccnn+annoc+rm c+poron rapmonnn n conepmennon qopmr n neo6xonmoc+rm
pasmrna+r nx, mey ma+ema+nnecknmn npenocrnkamn mysrkanrnoro nn+ennek+a n
sanpocamn nync+nennoro onr+a. Tannr nncen n nx sakonon sannmann pennnx kn+annen n
apa6on nnny+r ne menrme, nem Hnqaropa n ero nocneona+enen, no +onrko na Banae
mnqonorn nncen nonynnna
<c+p. 60>
nnac+r na mysrkanrnon mrcnrm n c+ana nk+ona+r nopmr mysrkanrnoro +nopnec+na. Kak
samenae+ Kc+nep,

o nnqaropennen nnk+o ne cnn+an, n+o n ma+ema+nnecknx o+nomennx ckpr+r
+annr ncenennon. Cnyc+ nana+r n+r c+one+nn Enpona no-npenemy o+menena
6narocnonennem n npokn+nem .+oro nacnec+na. B ne-enponencknx nnnnnnsannx
mrcnr o +om, n+o nnqpr nnm+c knmnom k mypoc+n n nnac+n, no-nnnmomy,
nnkora ne nosnnkana. [15]

Mysrka Boc+oka kynr+nnnpye+ nmenno +e cnonc+na snyka, ko+opre sa+enm+,
kone6nm+, pac+nopm+ rpaqnky mysrkanrnrx noc+poennn, ckonrenne, nsmennnnoc+r,
+ekynec+r n cnnnne. Hync+nennoe 6ora+c+no, rn6koc+r n nnoc+r snynann mysrkn,
sanncmne na Banae o+ akyc+nnecknx o6anok n nckycnrx ncnonnn+enrcknx nonrnoc+en,
coc+annm+ npnponnre kanec+na mysrkn Boc+oka. B .+om cmrcne mec+o, sannmaemoe na
Banae opranom, na Boc+oke sannmam+ ronrn n konokona.
Bo+ n+o nnme+ o nennoc+n cnrmnmoro snyka ne qnnocoq nnn .c+e+nk, a akyc+nk:

Bosnnknonenne sanepmnnoro snyka, ero c+anonnenne .c+e+nneckn nenno;
pesynr+a+ .+oro nponecca menee nn+epecen. Bnnma snynannm konokonon, mr
cnrmnm mnoro 6onrme, neenn npoc+o akkoponre coo+nomenn. Hpee ncero, mr
na6nmaem .qqek+r nn+epqepennnn mey snykamn, cnepkammnn +on paccrnae+c
na cnon .nemen+apnre komnonen+r... Ho.+omy ne c+ko yc+anonnenna
nn+enrnoc+r nemenmmeroc snyka, no ero 6ora+a nnennem n kpackamn nsnr
cosa+ a+mocqepy n npo6yae+ acconnannn c npennmn nepennannmn, ko+opre
cnoco6nr nnyma+r pennrnosnre nync+na (konokon n ronr), c+nmynnpona+r
noo6paenne n yx. [16]

3+o nen+o npnnnnnnanrno o+nnnnoe o+ packpackn c+a+nnnoro +ona n knaccnneckom
opkec+pe nocpec+nom pasnnnnrx +em6ponrx nomen. Hoc+onno nsmennnnrn, mepnammnn,
neynonnmo npeo6paammnnc snyk c kone6nmmenc nrco+on, pasmr+rmn onep+annmn n
nerapmonnnecknmn o6ep+onamn .+o ne +o+ nckpe+nrn o6rek+, ko+oprn mono onpeenn+r
konnnec+nenno n +pak+ona+r kak c+pyk+ypnrn .nemen+. Ero mono nocnpnnnma+r +onrko kak
nnym oprannneckym nenoc+noc+r, npoxomym cknosr non+n nepasnnnnmre qasr
nsmenennn n o++enkon. B +akom snyke ne+ c+anonnenn; on nnkora ne 6rnae+ sanepmnnrm,
no ncera naxon+c n ny+n n conepmenen n karn momen+ cnoero cymec+nonann. On
nonc+nne nn+, npenara cnyma+enm npon+r ero
<c+p. 61>
nsnr o+ poenn o ncnesnonenn, a ne na6nma+r, anannsnpona+r n onennna+r. Hnycr
nasrnam+ .+o kanec+no mysrkanrnoro snyka ramaka; Kyp+ Bakc onncrnae+ c+nnnc+nky
+pannnonnon nnnnckon mysrkn:

Beccn+nre o++enkn, mennsmr, ckonrenn, +pemono, normr n naenn
cmrnam+ menonneckym nnnnm nnnnckon mysrkn. Onn coc+annm+ nsnr n ymy
nnnnckon menonkn. Fonop cnonamn Comana+r, "mysrka 6es ramakn noo6na
6esnynnon nonn, nrcoxmemy pycny pekn, nyry 6es nne+on". [17]

Hr+acr saqnkcnpona+r .+y yckonrsammym rn6koc+r, sananre +eope+nkn
ncnonrsym+ 6onee nac+ym ce+ky mnkpo+ononrx nn+epnanon, no n .+o ne nomorae+ ynonn+r e.
Ckonrenn, ene same+nre kanann, nnannre nonrmenn n nonnenn +ona nenrs
saqnkcnpona+r n nocnponsnec+n kak c+ynenna+re nocneonann +onon qnkcnponannon
nrco+r: .+o nnenne +ona n nrco+nom npoc+panc+ne, koopnnnponannoe co c+poem n
snykopom, no cno6onoe o+ nx nk+a+a.
Ecnn neynonnmoc+r, pasmr+oc+r noc+onnoro snynann nnora cmymae+ nnn ae
o++anknnae+ nmen, nocnn+annrx na sananon mysrke, +o y n+enen Boc+oka ec+r cnon
npe+ensnn k mysrke Banaa. B neknnn 1962 roa 3rap Bapes ronopnn:

hm6onr+no o+me+n+r, n+o nama sanana mysrka saenae+ noc+onnrx mysrkan+on
nmenno o+cy+c+nnem +ekynec+n. Ha nx cnyx, ona ne ckonrsn+, a prae+c, kae+c
coc+annennon ns yrnona+rx nn+epnanon n rpok, n, kak nrpasnnc onn ns monx
nnnncknx ynennkon, "ckane+, kak n+nna, c ne+kn na ne+ky". [18]

Ho nmenno +e kanec+na snynann noc+onnon mysrkn, ko+opre onpeenm+ 6ora+c+no
oc+annemoro em nync+nennoro onr+a, enam+ ero mano npnronrm ma+epnanom n
noc+ponkn ckonrko-nn6yr cnonrx +ononrx konc+pyknnn. Takoro poa snyk nn+ cnnmkom
6ora+on co6c+nennon nsnrm; on cnnmkom nenoc+onen, n+o6r cnyn+r nanrm
c+pon+enrnrm .nemen+om, 6r+r nerko pacnosnanaemrm cpen mnoec+na nponnx .nemen+on.
C+pon+r ns +aknx snykon akkopr, rapmonnneckne nocneonann nnn nonnqonnneckne
konc+pyknnn +ak e 6eccmrcnenno, kak nr+a+rc nso6pasn+r na knym6e +onnrn nep+ npn
nomomn mnoec+na pasnnnnrx nne+on, cno6ono kanammnxc na ne+py. Ha neko+oprmn
kamnycamn amepnkancknx ynnnepcn+e+on pasnoc+c snykn mysrkn Monap+a nnn Baxa,
ncnonnemon na kapnnronax. Onn cosam+ npn+nrn snykonon qon, no n mysrkanrnoro
cnyxa .+o nsnpa-
<c+p. 62>
mnnoe coennenne sananon mysrkn c nrco+non neonpeennnoc+rm, nec+pomnmn
nn+epnanamn n rpsrm nocnesnynannn konokonrnrx +em6pon .+o nc+nnna nr+ka.
Bnynanne noc+onnon mysrkn ncknmnae+ yc+anonky na nn+ennek+yanrnoe nocnpn+ne
qnkcnponannrx o+nomennn n konc+pyknnn n, n cnny .+oro, enae+ konnennnm pannonanrnoro
knasnnpoc+panc+nennoro onepannonnoro npemenn nenpnmennmon n neymec+non. Aekna+nrn
onr+ +akon mysrkn npenonarae+ ne nc+onkonanne, a cosepnanne: ona npenarae+ cnyma+enm
6r+r no npemenn, a ne uannnynnponav npemenem nnn 6opovcn c nnm.
* * *
n conpemennon o6oec+nnmmen nayky nnnnnnsannn c+epeo+nn
npoc+panc+nennonoo6noro npec+annenn npemenn a6conm+no neo6xonm. On rocnoc+nye+
non+n no ncex cqepax snann, nknmna qnnocoqnm. O+nannym nonr+ky paspymn+r .+y
pannonannc+nneckym qnknnm, c+onr nac+o nranaemym sa camo npem, npenpnnn Anpn
Beprcon. Kak nocne+ onn ns ero nepenonnkon,

Ero rnanna qnnocoqcka +emapasnnnenne peanrnoro, nponnaemoro npemenn n
npemenn, o6pamaemoro n npoc+panc+no npeme+on, co6r+nn n nacon n o6rennon
nsnn n naynnon e+enrnoc+n. Kak nac+annae+ Beprcon, name non+nnnoe
mrmnenne n ero o+o6paenne n srke ncxo+ ns mnpa ye co+nopennoro. Ho,
npec+ann mnp +aknm o6nasom, nam nn+ennek+ nnmr macknpye+ nc+nnnym
peanrnoc+r +nopnmrn mnp, nnane ronop, peanrno +ekymee npem. Hpn
nannnnrx nenx n me+oax naykn, qnsnkn, kak n nce mr, nny+ no.+omy n mnpe, n
ko+opom nan6onee konkpe+noe npem n nsmenenn nepennam+c nnmr
nonepxnoc+no. [19]

Hn+epecno, n+o, c+apacr onnca+r nn+yn+nnnoe nepennanne nmeroc npemenn,
Beprcon ns6npae+ n kanec+ne npnmepa mysrky. Em npnmena+enrnee ero pekomenannn k
npenaraemomy mrcnennomy .kcnepnmen+y.

He+ comnennn n +om, n+o n nac npem nsnananrno +oec+nenno +ekynec+n
namen nny+pennen nsnn... Menon, ko+opym mr cnymaem c sakpr+rmn rnasamn,
nnnma +onrko en, non+n connaae+ c .+on +ekynec+rm, no nc e ona o6naae+
cnnmkom mnornmn cnonc+namn, ona cnnmkom onpeenenna, n mr onnr cnanana
c+epe+r pasnnnn mey +onamn, sa+em ocno6on+rc o+ cnennqnnecknx
<c+p. 63>
cnonc+n camoro snyka, coxpannn ero nnmr kak npoonenne npemec+nymmero n
nocneymmem nenpeprnnoc+r nepexoa, mnoec+nennoc+r n nocneona+enrnoc+r
6es pasenennn, n+o6r n konne konnon sanono o+kpr+r n ce6 qynamen+anrnoe
npem. Takono nenocpec+nenno nocnpnnnmaemoe nenne, 6es ko+oporo y nac ne 6rno
6r nnkakoro npec+annenn o npemenn. [20]

Mysrka, nnyma n qynamen+anrnom npemenn +nopnmoro (a ne okonna+enrno
co+nopennoro) mnpa, a+ nosmonoc+r nepen+r ero +ekynec+r. Hem cnnrnee ona
reome+pnsonana, +em +pynee ocymec+nn+r .+y nosmonoc+r. Ho camoe ceprsnoe npen+c+nne
saknmneno n nac camnx n connanrno ycnoennom npec+annennn o npemenn kak o nnemnen
npo+ennoc+n n n npnnrnke mannnynnpona+r nm kak o6rek+nnnrm konnnec+nom.
Hn+yn+nnnrn onr+, nac+o omn6onno npnnnmaemrn sa onr+, nnnem ne
onocpeonannrn, +ake kynr+ypno cnennqnnen n o6ycnonnen. O6 .+om ronop+ pasnnnn n
nonnmannn akvnnnocvn n pasnnnnrx kynr+ypax.

Xn+enn cenepnon Enponr n +e ns nac, k+o npnnanen+ k .+on kynr+ype,
pasnnnam+, nonnenn nn nenonek n kakym-nn6o e+enrnoc+r nnn ne+... Hpoc+o
cne+r, nr+acr kocny+rc cnoero , ne snann+ n nac sannma+rc enom. ...Bo
mnoec+ne pyrnx kynr+yp, nknmna nnennen nnemenn nanaxo, Boc+onnoe
Cpensemnomopre, apa6ckne kynr+ypr, nonckym n mnorne kynr+ypr Hnnn, npoc+o
cne+r snann+ n+o-+o ena+r. [21]

Kopnn .+oro pasnnnn yxo+ n rny6okoe npomnoe. Ero o+paenne mr naxonm n
onom ns nspenennn hao-nsr, nerenapnoro kn+anckoro mypena, nnmero n 4 neke o n...
Hpononennk ao, Hy+n Xnsnn, nrpasnn ero kpa+knm aqopnsmom

Bepnrn Hy+r ne ena+r nnnero nocpec+nom enann;
Bepnrn Hy+r ena+r nc nocpec+nom 6r+n.

Cama o6ma me+aqopa mysrkn .+o, nc e, ne apxn+ek+ypa, a peka. Bo mnornx
kynr+ypax peka cnyn+ apxe+nnnnecknm cnmnonom npemenn. Hc+onkonann .+oro cnmnona
sannc+ o+ npenocrnok n yc+anonok konkpe+non kynr+ypr. Henonek, npnnaneamnn k
ak+nnno e+enrnon kynr+ype, c+ann+ ce6 n o+c+pannnym nosnnnm na6nma+en na 6epery
.+on pekn (ne orarnacr, n+o y pekn npemenn ne+ 6eperon, n+o ne cymec+nye+ +akon +onkn,
ko+opa 6rna 6r nenonnnon no o+nomennm k +enennm npemenn), +ora
<c+p. 64>
kak nmn pyrnx kynr+yp, nac+o xapak+epnsyemrx kak naccnnno cosepna+enrnre, c+anmne
6r+ne na cymec+nonannem n ak+nnnoc+rm, norpyam+c n peky npemenn n o+am+c e
+enennm. Hepnrn oepnnae+ mnnmym no6ey na npemenem, sacnoncr o+ ero +enenn
knasnnpoc+panc+nennrmn snykonrmn c+pyk+ypamn; n+opon, pac+nopcr n +enennn npemenn,
cy6rek+nnno ocno6oae+c o+ cnoen nnnnnyanrnon kapmr n paso6mnnoc+n c nc+nnnrm
Br+nem. hnnnrn onr+ nepnoro cosna+enen n pannonanen. Onr+ n+oporo 6eccosna+enen,
nn+yn+nnen n nnennnen.
Hepennanne mysrkn kak nenno nnoro, 6eckonenno +nopnmoro mnqa cnoco6no
noccoennn+r nenoneka c peanrnoc+rm, a+r emy omymenne ero mec+a no ncenennon, +ora kak
nccneona+enr mnqa moe+ nnmr nononnn+r cnon npak+nneckne ycnonnre snann. Mysrka
moe+ cena+r Bennkoe mnqonornneckoe npem oc+ynnrm nync+nam nenoneka n c+a+r n
nero morynnm cnmnonom npemenn, nocpennkom mey ero mnpom o+nocn+enrnrm,
konennrm, orpannnennrm n mnpom a6conm+nrm, 6eckonennrm n nnane nenoc+nnmrm.
3+o+ onr+ ak+nnnsnpye+ n ncnxnke nenoneka o6nac+n n nponeccr, onncrna+r ko+opre
+eope+nneckn eno npesnrnanno pnckonannoe. Kapn Knr same+nn no .+omy nonoy:
Y naynnoro yma +akne qenomenr, kak cnmnonnneckne nen, nrsrnam+
paspaenne, nockonrky onn ne noam+c onncannm, ko+opoe yonne+nopnno 6r
nn+ennek+ n nornky... Henpn+noc+n nannnam+c c qenomena aqqek+a nnn .monnn,
ko+oprn o6pekae+ na nopaenne nce nonr+kn ncnxonora a+r emy okonna+enrnoe
onpeenenne. B o6onx cnynax nc+onnnk +pynoc+en onn n +o+ e: n+openne
6eccosna+enrnoro.
B oc+a+onno xopomo snakom c naynnrm noxoom, n+o6r non+r paspaenne,
nrsrnaemoe neo6xonmoc+rm nme+r eno c qak+amn, ko+opre ne noam+c nonnomy
n aekna+nomy onncannm. 3+n qak+r neonponepnmr, no noc+nrny+r nx
pannonanrno snannno 6r noc+nrny+r camoe nsnr, no+omy n+o camon nsnrm
nrsrnam+c .monnn n poam+c cnmnonnneckne nen. [22]
G,BA 3 )20,.0>022-0
Hn+ennek+yanrnrn n nn+yn+nnnrn onr+ mono pasenn+r +onrko n +eopnn.
Hpak+nneckn, onn ne ncknmnam+, no ononnm+ pyr pyra. Cosna+enrnoe n 6eccosna+enrnoe,
mrcnr n omymenne,
<c+p. 65>
nornka n nnc+nnk+, nync+nennoe nocnpn+ne n nn+yn+nnnoe npospenne cocymec+nym+ n
nsanmoenc+nym+ n nm6om nenoneke, 6yr on nnenom npnmn+nnnoro nnemenn nnn akaemnn
nayk. Kynr+ypa, k ko+opon on npnnanen+, onpeene+ nnmr nec, o+nocn+enrnym
nennoc+r, npnnncrnaemym .+nm conepnnnammnm cnoco6noc+m, n, coo+ne+c+nenno, c+enenr
nx pasnn+n. Br+r no npemenn, ononpemenno samnmacr o+ nero, c+apacr onnae+r nm n
noc+nrny+r +o, n+o naxon+c sa nnm + akona, no-nnnmomy, ynnnepcanrna qopmyna
nenoneneckoro cymec+nonann. T. C. 3nno+ kocnync .+on +emr n He+rpx knap+e+ax:

Cnona nny+c, mysrka nne+c
Tonrko no npemenn; no +o, n+o o6peneno n+r,
Moe+ +onrko ymepe+r. Cnona nponsnecnnre
Tony+ n +nmnne. hnmr c+poenne n qopma
Mory+ a+r cnonam n mysrke
Henonnnoc+r +ak nenonnen kn+ancknn cocy,
Benno nnymnnc n cnom nokoe.
To ne nokon ckpnnkn, noka nn+c snyk,
He on onn, no +ake cocymec+nonanre.
Hnn ckaem +ak: konen onepeae+ nanano,
H konen, n nanano ncera 6rnn +am
Hpee nanana n nocne konna.
H nc ncera cennac...

Hpnc+nn non+n +emn e cnonamn onncrnae+ npnmn+nnnrn onr+ mnqonornneckoro
npemenn: ,4L -/2-,.0>022-, a ne -/2-, 450/BYO00 @+ /.BE3>, npomnoe, nac+omee n
6yymee cnnnam+c noenno n nennom mrnonennn Bennkoro Bpemenn, ko+opoe kanec+nenno
o+nnnno o+ o6rennoro +.e. npexomero npemenn. [23]
Bo ncex nac+x cne+a n no nce nepnor nc+opnn nmn camrx necxonx nnnnnnsannn n
kynr+yp, cnncr paspemn+r saraky npemenn, ocno6on+rc o+ ero nnena n, +aknm o6pasom,
no6en+r camy cmep+r, cosanann mnqr, pennrnn n pn+yanr, qnnocoqckne cnc+emr n
nponsneenn nckycc+n. Hx neponann n nen o npemenn nac+onrko pasnoo6pasnr, cnonr,
nac+o saraonnr, n+o o6napyn+r n nnx kakon-nn6o o6mnn .nemen+ nenpoc+o. H nc e ono
kae+c 6eccnopnrm: nn ono ns neponannn ne npnnnmae+ npexomee npem sa peanrnoc+r n
nocnenen nnc+annnn. Kynr+ypr necrma necxone no cnonm nc+okam na Banae n na Boc+oke,
kaa no-cnoemy, rpesnnn o Bnenpemennom.
<c+p. 66>
Bpem, n ko+opom nc cymec+nye+, mene+c, nmee+ nanano n konen, onno 6r+r
nponnennem nero-+o pyroro. B +akom npemenn nnyc nnn+ nrcmym qopmy kocmnneckon
nnnmsnn, neneenn annrm. 3+o npem mnpa, co+nopennoe nmec+e c nnm, n, nockonrky
y nero 6rno nanano, ono ne moe+ 6r+r 6eckonennrm. To, n+o nocnynno nc+onnnkom
npemenn, ne snae+ nn nanana, nn konna. Hnycr nasrnam+ .+o+ nc+onnnk Bpaxmanom, He
Bnammnm Bpemenn, kn+annr He6ecnrm Tkanknm C+ankom, rpekn Kocmocom
Hensmennoro Cymec+na, Bn6nn Borom, xpnc+nanc+no nennoc+rm. Mnpckoe npem .+o
6oec+nenna cnna, nsnnnammac ns nnenpemennoro cocya, ncnonnenne kocmnneckon
cnpanennnoc+n n Hponnenn, Boec+nenna nmnponnsann n nenoneneckon nc+opnn.
Hecmo+p na nce pasnnnn, n cnoco6ax nonnmann npemenn, mey .+nmn kynr+ypamn
ne+ cymec+nennrx pacxoennn nnn ne-conmec+nmoc+en. Bce onn nep+ n nosmonoc+r
nepemarny+r nornneckn nenpeoonnmym rpanr mey mnpcknm npemenem n +pancnenen+nrm
Bnenpemennrm, nnec+n Bennoc+r n npnnac+noc+r k npeenrnon Peanrnoc+n n cqepy
nenoneneckoro onr+a. Takoe mrnonenne npocne+nenn n ocno6oenn nmenye+c cakpama
na canckpn+e, axp no-apa6ckn, kanpoc no-rpeneckn, conomama no-nonckn; cyqn
nasrnam+ ero nakx+, sen-6ync+r ca+opn, Menc+ep 3kxap+ manenrka +onka n
+.. n ncex nnx nnenpemenna Bennoc+r +ak e 6esycnonno peanrna, kak onoponoe,
nsmepnmoe, o6pa+nmoe npem n nmen conpemennoro Banaa.
3+a onnosnnn ne a6conm+na: cnoco6noc+r paccyenn ne nnonne nya
npnmn+nnnomy nenoneky, a nenonek nnnnnnsonannrn cnoco6en cosepna+r. H nc e mey nx
yc+anonkamn ec+r npnmena+enrnoe pasnnnne. Bna+ok sen-6ynsma Cysykn o6rcne+:

Cornacno Cnnnose, nne+r nemn +ak, kak nx nnn+ Bor, snann+ nocnpnnnma+r nx
no snakom nennoc+n. Ho nce nenoneneckne onenkn o+nocn+enrnr n o6ycnonnenr
npemenem. Ham +pyno "ynne+r mnp n necnnnke n ne6o n nkom nne+ke"... Mr nnem
n mnpe pasnnnnn n ncnr+rnaem .n+ysnasm, pasmrmn o nac+noc+x. Mr necnoco6nr
nne+r nx pannomepno nnn onnakono, kak nam cone+ym+ Menc+ep 3kxap+,
Cnnnosa, Bnenk n pyrne mypre nmn Boc+oka n Banaa. onno 6r+r, n cxoem
coc+onnn yxa naxonnc Tennn-con, kora, copnan nknn nne+ok, nrpocmnn n
+pemnne kamennon c+enr, on epan ero n pyke n npeananc cosepnannm...
Ho n .+om momen+e nano ynne+r pasnnny mey Boc+okom n Banaom. Bame+nn
nne+ok, Tennncon copnan ero n, cosepna, npoonan cnon pasmrmnenn o +aknx
o+nnennnrx nemax, kak Bor n
<c+p. 67>
nenonek, nennka conokynnoc+r nemen n nenoc+nnmoc+r nsnn. 3+o xapak+epno
n sananoro nenoneka. Ero ym pa6o+ae+ anann+nneckn. Ero mrcnr nanpannena nonne,
na nemn n nx o6rek+nnnom cymec+nonannn...
Cpannn+e nc .+o c Bace n nr ynnn+e, nackonrko nnane noncknn no.+ o+nocn+c
k cnoemy onr+y. On ne cprnae+ nne+ok, ne kanenn+ ero, no oc+anne+ ero +am, re
namn. On ne o+ene+ nne+ok o+ ncero, n+o ero okpyae+, no cosepnae+ ero n
coc+onnn, nasrnaemom conomama n +om coc+onnn, n kakom naxon+ ero, n ne
+onrko cam nne+ok, no ncm cn+yannm, n ko+opon on, no.+, okasanc, cn+yannm n
camom mnpokom n rny6okom cmrcne cnona. [24]

Brno 6r onpome+nnno npenonon+r, n+o onr+ o6onx Tennncona n Bace cnsan
c nepennannem npemenn. Camo cnono npem nmee+ pasnre snanenne n pasnrx kynr+ypax, n
npem, n ko+opom npoxon+ nsnr nenoneka Banaa, o+nnnno o+ npemenn, kak ero nonnmam+ n
pyrnx kynr+ypax. d.Hop+pon o+menae+:

n nenoneka Banaa o6pas npemenn .+o nn6o c+pena, nn6o nnenne pekn,
+ekymen ns o+annnoro mec+a n npomnoro, ko+opre ne secr n ne cennac, n
yxomen n c+onr e o+annnoe mec+o n 6yymee, ko+opre +ake ne secr n ne
cennac, +ora kak nenonek Boc+oka npec+anne+ npem kak cnokonnrn, monnannnrn
noom, n ko+opom p6r nosnnkae+ n ncnesae+. [25]

On +ake nonpknnae+ nceo6remnmmnn xapak+ep nn+yn+nnnoro onr+a n snann na
Boc+oke:

Fennn Boc+oka onpeene+c +em, n+o on o+kprn oco6rn +nn snann n, n o+nnnne
o+ Banaa, nenpeprnno konnen+pnpye+ cno nnnmanne na +ex c+oponax npnpor
nemen, ko+opre mory+ 6r+r noc+nrny+r +onrko n onr+e. Bana, pasymee+c, +oe
nannnae+ c onr+a, no sananrn +nn snann c+pemn+c nrpasn+r ce6 qopmanrno n
ok+pnnax, qopmynnpyemrx n nornneckn pasnnnaemrx naynnrx n qnnocoqcknx
+pak+a+ax. [26]

Hop+pon onpeene+ nepnrn kak onr+ neorpannnennon o6pasno n nync+nenno
nenqqepennnponannon nenocpec+nennoc+n, ko+oprn, 6yynn neonpeennmrm n
neonncyemrm, npnnanen+ k nncny nan6onee 6ora+rx, rny6oknx n .c+e+nneckn
nencnepnaemrx, +ora kak coepanne n+oporo on xapak+epnsye+ kak nocneona+enrnoc+r...
cnsannrx nqqepennnannn, ko+opa n nne+c omymaemon c+penon npemenn. [27]
<c+p. 68>
Bananomy nenoneky +pyno noo6pasn+r 6esrpannnnrn, nenqqepennnponannrn
kon+nnyym nenocpec+nennoro nync+nennoro onr+a n +o, n+o n +akom onr+e cennac
nepennae+c ne kak nenno yckonrsammnn mnr mey npomnrm n 6yymnm, a kak yc+onnnnoe
nceo6remnmmee coc+onne, ne oc+annmmee mec+a n non+nn npomnoro n 6yymero. Em
+pynee noc+nrny+r +o+ napaokcanrnrn, no +npo yc+anonnennrn qak+, n+o .+a, no-
nnnmomy, nnenpemenna yc+anonka yma o6ecnennnae+ ropaso 6onee oc+poe nync+no +ekymero
npemenn n 6onee nonnrn kon+ponr na nnm, nem onepnponanne o6rek+nnnponannrm npemenem.
3+o nopasn+enrnoe pasnnnne pko o+paae+c n nyx ocnonnrx +nnax pn+ma n
npenonaraemrx nmn mysrkanrnrx nanrkax. Man+n Xy enn+c cneymmnm nm6onr+nrm
na6nmennem:

Ynamemyc, nocnn+annomy na sananon mysrke, npnxon+c npeoonena+r
onpeennnre rny6oko kopenmnec orpannnennsananoenponenckoe
npenon+enne ennmrx pn+mon... ennmre pn+mr .+o pn+mr, ko+opre ocnonanr na
me+pe, nonynaemom nocpec+nom nocneona+enrnoro enenn 6onrmnx nn+enrnoc+en.
Hena no+a enn+c na ne nononnnnrx, ne+rpe ne+nep+nrx, nocemr nocrmrx,
mec+nana+r mec+nana+rx n +..
ononnemre pn+mr, c pyron c+oponr, ocnonanr na me+pe, nonynaemom
nocpec+nom npn6annenn rpynn nn+enrnoc+en. Hanan c manon ennnnr npoe
nocrmon, mr npn6annem em ony, nonyna rpynny ns nyx, npn6annem em ony,
nonyna +pn, cknarnaem ne rpynnr na nnmc +pn n+o6r nonynn+r pasmep 5/8.
Cone+a+rc moe+ nm6oe nncno n+nrx n nen+nrx rpynn: 7/8 (3+4 nnn 2+3+2 n
+..), 8/8 (2+3+3 nnn 3+2+3 nnn 2+1+3+2) n +ak anee. Mrcnennrn, xo+ n ne
o6sa+enrno npncy+c+nymmnn aknen+ na nepnon one kaon rpynnr nac+o 6rnae+
cnsan c o+enrnrm +annenanrnrm na.
Mon onr+ ronopn+, n+o npoqeccnonanrnre mysrkan+r, o6ynennre n cnc+eme
ennmoro pn+ma, o6naam+ mnoro- cna6ee pasnn+rm nync+nom npemenn, nem +e, k+o
nrpoc n okpyennn ononnemrx pn+mon. n nepnoro non+n nenrnonnnmon
saanen nne+c +onnoe ncnonnenne ononnemoro pn+ma, oco6enno ecnn
ononpemenno onnr snyna+r neckonrko, kak .+o 6rnae+ n aqpnkanckon
nonnpn+mnn nnn n nnnncknx pn+mnnecknx nmnponnsannx na 6ase acnmme+pnnnon
+ana, +.e. ocnonnoro pn+ma. Onennno, n +pannnn enenn nero-nn6o 6onrmoro na
manre nac+n +onnoe npem nr+ecne+c pen+nnnrm npemenem... H+o e kacae+c
mysrkan+on, nocnn+annrx na ononnemom pn+me, +o ncnonnenne ennmrx pn+mon ne
npec+anne+ n nnx nn manenmnx +pynoc+en. [27]

Tonnoe npem, o ko+opom ronopn+ Man+n Xy, .+o n ec+r nn+yn+nnno
nepennaema npo+nnoc+r npemenn, +ora kak pe-
<c+p. 69>
n+nnnoe npem .+o nno nn+ennek+yanrnoro ocmrcnenn npemenn kak nncnonrx o+nomennn,
nponopnnn n cnmme+pnn. Onr+nrm ny+m okasano, n+o npem kak nenne neoc+ynno
cosna+enrnon onenke, +ora kak, no saknmnennm epana Yn+poy,

...nannen+r n rnnno+nneckom +pance, kak okasanocr, o6naam+ ropaso 6onee
+onnrm nync+nom npemenn, nem n nopmanrnom, 6opc+nymmem coc+onnn. [28]

O+paenne +on e nxo+omnn mono ynne+r n kopennom pasnnnnn mey
enponencknmn n noc+onnrmn srkamn. B nepnrx qone+nneckoe nncrmo o+nenae+ npnnnnny
cepnannsonannrx nsanmoo+nomennn mey o+enrnrmn qonemamn ananornnno +omy, kak
coo+noc+c co6r+n, pasmemaemre n c+penonnnom nnnennom npemenn. B nepornnqax
noc+onnrx srkon, nanpo+nn, nonpknnae+c ennonpemennoc+r o6osnanaemrx nmn o6pason,
omymennn n nync+nonannn. 3+n neorpaqnneckne snakn n kn+anckom srke, nanpnmep,
ncnonrsym+c c +em, n+o6r

...ykasa+r na acnek+r n npnpoe npeme+a, ko+opre oc+ynnr +onrko
nenocpec+nennomy onr+y n nn+enrnomy cosepnannm... Kak cnec+nne, anqann+
o+cy+c+nye+. 3+o an+oma+nneckn ncknmnae+ nornneckoe o+nomenne nac+n n nenoro
mey onnm cnmnonom n pyrnm, ko+opoe yc+anannnnae+c nnnrnnc+nneckon
cnmnonnkon Banaa, re nce cnona nponsno+c ny+m npoc+oro nr6opa n
nepec+anonok nemnoronncnennrx cnmnonon, coc+annmmnx anqann+. [29]

Xapak+epno, n+o n kn+anckon rpamma+nke o+cy+c+nym+ qopmanrnre cpec+na n
nepeann npemn: ona snae+ +onrko nac+omee.

dopmanrnoe nrpaenne nac+omero npemenn nknmnae+ non+ne yc+onnnnoc+n
Tan. Coo+ne+c+nymmnn nepornnq o6osnanae+ c+a6nnrnoc+r kak mec+a, +ak n npemenn
n, n nsnec+nom cmrcne, nekoe o6sa+enrc+no onennno, n cnny nac+o+enrnoro
npncy+c+nn peanrnoc+n momen+a, kora on nocnpnnnmae+c kak +akonon. Xnsnenna
nn+encnnnoc+r n nnc+nnk+nnnrn peannsm xapak+epnsym+ nocnpn+ne n noneenne,
ko+opre coo6mam+ nac+omemy c+onr nacrmennym nennoc+r. [30]

Hoxoa kap+nna na6nmae+c n canckpn+e, re

npenon+enne, o+anaemoe rnaronam n c+paa+enrnom naknonennn, ykasrnae+ na
npenon+enne c+a+nnnrx o+nomennn nnamnnnrm, onpeennnoe npenocxoc+no
6r+n na c+anonnennem n o+paae+ +enennnm ncknmna+r enc+nne +ak +akonoe.
Cneye+ o+me+n+r, n+o
<c+p. 70>
6onrmnnc+no cymec+nn+enrnrx, o6osnanammnx c+a+nnnre kanec+na, o6naae+
nosn+nnnrm xapak+epom, +ora kak cymec+nn+enrnre, o6osnanammne nnenne n
nsmenenn, nmem+ npnnnammnn cmrcn.[31]

Ha Banae peanrnoc+r nnenpemennoro c+anonnnacr oc+ynnon n mnc+nneckom onr+e,
ko+oprn Menc+ep 3kxap+ nasrnan manenrkon +onkon +onkon na c+pene npemenn
Boec+nennoro Hponnenn. Cornacno cnne+enrc+nam xpnc+nancknx mnc+nkon, .+o+ momen+,
oc+nrny+rn onar, npeo6paae+ nce momen+r npemenn. Honr Tnnnnx o6rcne+:

Kora Cam Bor nonne+c n momen+e npemenn, kora On Cam o+ae+c no+oky
npemenn, +enenne npemenn no6eeno. H ecnn .+o nponcxon+ n onn momen+
npemenn, +o nce momen+r npemenn nonynam+ nnoe snanenne.... B .+o+ momen+ nennoe
pom. Momen+ mnnye+, nennoe oc+a+c. [32]

H nc e momen+ mnnye+: no6ea na +enennem npemenn ne oc+anannnnae+ ero
ocnmnnoe, nonynnnmee nonrn cmrcn, ono npoonae+ cnon 6er.
Mycynrmane npnepnnam+c nnoro npec+annenn o npemenn. n nnx ono +oe
coc+on+ ns momen+on, no momen+r ne o6pasym+ nenpeprnnym nocneona+enrnoc+r. Karn
ns nnx nepennae+c n mrcnn+c kak sakonnennoe n ce6e yc+onnnnoe coc+onne. hyn Fape
nnme+ o6 .+om onr+e:

Bo-nepnrx, nepennaemoe npem kak nn+enrnoc+r, npo+ekamma mnmo, snann+
ropaso menrme, nem pasopnanna nocneona+enrnoc+r pasopnannrx momen+on... "n
mycynrmancknx +eonoron, nnme+ hyn Maccnnron, npem no.+omy nne+c ne
nenpeprnnon npoonn+enrnoc+rm a cosnesnem mnennrm ny+m mrnonennn".
.Bo-n+oprx, .+o+ mnennrn ny+r mrnonennn npec+anne+c mnoec+nom +onek
kacann +onek kon+ak+a, a ne nepecenenn mey nenoneneckon nsnrm n
nennoc+rm Bcenrmnero. ...Ho cnonam +eonora XV neka, /+X. .+o noc+onnoe
mrnonenne (anr-an), n ko+opom npoc+npae+c Boec+nennoe Hpncy+c+nne; +akona
+anna npemenn.
...He cneye+ nn ona+r, n+o nn+ynnn conpemennoro mnpa nsmenn+ nocnpn+ne
nepennaemoro npemenn, npn6nnsnn ero k +omy, ko+opoe xapak+epno n +exnnneckn
pasnn+oro Banaa? Taka nepo+noc+r, 6eccnopno, cymec+nye+... Onako ckopee ncero
.+o ncnncnemoe nenpeprnnoe npem 6ye+ ncnonrsona+rc na qone mnennoro
ny+n, ko+oprn rny6oko ykopennnc n mrmnennn. [33]

<c+p. 71>
Ananornnnrm o6pasom, n nnync+ckon +pannnn, kak nnme+ Panmyno Hannnkap,

...ne cymec+nye+ nen+panrnoro npemenn, npenonaraemoro +exnonornen.
omnnnpymmnm nne+c kanec+nennrn acnek+ npemenn, ero on+onornnecka
nno+noc+r. K coc+onnm cosepnann nenrs ae npn6nnsn+rc o+ npemennoro
acnek+a, n ono ne moe+ npec+ann+rc kak npo+nnonononoc+r enc+nnm,
nockonrky npak+nneckn nce qnnocoqckne mkonr nnynsma y+nepam+, n+o
cosepnanne (co6c+nenno, 4+>+/X3) no onpeenennm naxon+c nne npemenn. [34]

3+n mkonr onncrnam+ cosepnanne kak npekpamenne ymc+nennrx coc+onnn,
onnm ns ko+oprx nne+c npem: cosepnae+c ne npem, a mrnonenne.

Kopone ronop, npemenn, kak +akonoro, ne cymec+nye+. To+, k+o norpyn n
men+annm, ne snae+ nn n, nn nonn, n n konne konnon snanne ce6, npocne+nenne
oxna+rnae+ nc 6yymee n onom mrnonennn; npem ne nmee+ peanrnoc+n, no
cymec+nye+ ncknmnn+enrno n yme kak nn+ennek+yanrna nnn non+nnna konnennn.
[35]

ae n +annc+nennon o6nac+n noymenanrnoro onr+a mnc+nneckoro onr+a
cosepnann n men+annn, ko+oprn, kak neko+oprm xo+enocr 6r yma+r, nepec+ynae+ nce
kynr+ypnre rpannnr, pasnnnn mey Boc+okom n Banaom coxpanm+c. Tnnnnx
cneymmnm o6pasom o6rcne+ npnpoy n coepanne cosepnann n xpnc+nanckon npak+nke:

Cosepnanne osnanae+ nxoenne n xpam, n cqepy cn+oro, n rny6okne kopnn
nemen, n +nopmym nx nonny. Mr nnnm +annre cnnr, ko+opre nasrnaem kpaco+on,
nc+nnon n o6pom. Mr ne n coc+onnn ynne+r nx camnx no ce6e, mr moem nne+r
nx +onrko n nemax n co6r+nx. Mr nnnm nx n qopme posr, n nnennn sns n
cknosr nnx... B coc+onnn, ko+opoe mr nasrnaem nepon, snynanne n o6pas
o6rennm+c, n, nosmono, no .+on npnnnne, cn+oe npenonn+ae+ nrpaa+r ce6
n mysrke 6onee, nem kaknmn-nn6o nnrmn cpec+namn. Bnenne a+ nam mnp
nopok n ennc+no mnoec+na nemen. [36]

Cosepnanne onncrnae+c secr kak oco6oe coc+onne yma ne kak npekpamenne
ymc+nennrx coc+onnn; kak nepennanne nopka n ennc+na mnoec+na ne
camopac+nopenne n nenqqepennnponannom ennnom. Henr .+oro onr+a yspe+r
neoc+ynnre nync+nam +pancnenen+nre cymnoc+n cknosr nemn n co6r+n, a ne
<c+p. 72>

pasenn+r cno 6r+ne c mnponon conokynnoc+rm nemen n co6r+nn, kak onn ec+r. Ho cnonam
Knra,

Bana noc+onno cnnn+c nsne+e+r, +ora kak Boc+ok nme+ norpyenn nnn
yrny6nenn. Bnemn peanrnoc+r c e +enecnoc+rm n necom, no-nnnmomy,
nnena+ne+ enponenna mnoro cnnrnee n rny6e, nem nnnnna. Enponeen c+pemn+c
non+rc na .+nm mnpom, +ora kak nnnen nnen+c nasa, n ma+epnnckne rny6nnr
Hpnpor. [37]

Bosnrmenne na .+nm mnpom ne yc+pane+ n ne onno yc+pann+r +ekymee npem,
nockonrky +enepr ono naeneno oco6rm snanennem n neo6xonmo n ocymec+nnenn
6oec+nennoro Hponnenn n oc+nenn nnnnoro cnacenn. Bxoenne n cqepy cn+oro ne
npnnon+ nepymmero k cnnnnm c kpaco+on, nc+nnon n o6pom, no a+ emy nnmr nnenne
.+nx nnenpemennrx cymnoc+en. yannc+nnnoc+r nmmanen+noro, nocmc+oponnero npemenn n
+pancnenen+noc+r nnenpemennoro +akona kopenna npenocrnka sananoro yma.
Becr nponac+r mey npemenem n nnenpemennrm moe+ 6r+r npeoonena +onrko c
+on c+oponr 6oec+nennrm ak+om. Bn6nn ronopn+, n+o nennrn Bor co+nopnn mnp n
+enenne mec+n nocneona+enrnrx nen n nokonnc na cermon. Bor kak Xpnc+oc cnnsomn n
mnp n o+anc no+oky npemenn.+o co6r+ne onncrnae+c n Enanrennn o+ Hoanna kak
nonnomenne 6oec+nennoro Cnona: B nanane 6rno Cnono, n Cnono 6rno y Bora, n Cnono
6rno Bor ...H Cnono c+ano nno+nm n o6n+ano c namn, nonnoe 6naroa+n n nc+nnr (I; 1,14).
Cnono, yc+anonnnmee nopok n co+nopennom mnpe, .+o horoc, Pasym, Bakon,
ko+opre nenonek +mn+c noc+nrny+r n cqopmynnpona+r nocpec+nom co6c+nennrx cnon; onn
ns acnek+on .+oro ncenenckoro nopka npem, cosanoe nmec+e c mnpom. C+pemnenne
noc+nrny+r ero +anny, nepe6pocn+r moc+ mey npemennrm, cnynannrm, konennrm n nennrm,
cymnoc+nrm, 6eckonennrm neo+c+ynno nnaeno n npoonae+ nnae+r nenonekom Banaa,
6yr on nna+onnk, cpenenekonrn cxonac+, xpnc+nannn, qnnocoq Bos poenn nnn
conpemennrn ynnrn. Ho pasprn oc+a+c nenpeoonnmrm. C nannnon nponnna+enrnoc+rm n
npoc+oymnrm neoymennem o6 .+om nncan Bnaennrn Anryc+nn:

...Ho kak e Tr ronopnn? Tak nn 6rno, n+o ronoc nsomn ns o6naka, ronop: Ce,
Crn Mon nosnm6nennrn? Ho .+n cnona o+snynann n ymonknn, nananncr n
konnnnncr... Bcno, n+o nx nrpasnno nnenne
<c+p. 73>
+napn, +ake npemennon, nocnymnon Tnoen nennon none. H cnona .+n, cnonnmnec
no npemenn, nnemnnn cnyx nepean pasymy, nen nny+pennnn cnyx nnnmae+ Tnoemy
nennomy cnony. Ho on cpannnnae+ cnona, snynamne no npemenn, c Tnonm necnrmnrm
cnonom n ronopn+: Onn pasnre, onenr pasnre. Te cnona mnoro nne men, n ne+ nx,
nockonrky onn npomnn n ncnesnn; no Cnono Focnoa moero oc+ane+c nao mnon
nancera. [38]

Hoo6no .+nm o+snynanmnm cnonam, snynann mysrkn +oe nponsnon+c
nnennem +napn, +ake npemennon, nocnymnrm nennomy nopky. 3+n snynann,
nosnnkammne, npoxomne n konnammnec, mnoro nne nac, +ora kak nnennrn nmn
nnenpemennon nopok oc+a+c na namn nancera.
* * *
Hema+epnanrnrn nopok, ko+opomy snyk nyen +onrko n +oro, n+o6r nepes
qnsnneckoe yxo oc+nrny+r pasyma, camoe paronennoe cokponnme sananon mysrkn.
Ocosnan .+o, mr nonmm, nonemy cnmnonom +pancnenen+noro na Banae c+ano nncno .+o
nanenmee ocnonanne nopka. Kc+nep nonpknnae+ 6espasenrnym nnac+r nncna n
sananon mrcnn:

Hnqaropenckoe nnenne mnpa o cnx nop nponnsrnae+ name mrmnenne... Cy+r n
morymec+no .+oro nnenn saknmnenr n ero nceoxna+nom, o6rennmmem xapak+epe;
ono o6renne+ pennrnm n nayky, ma+ema+nky n mysrky, mennnny n kocmonornm,
+eno, ym n yx n oyxo+nopnnom cnmmem cnn+ese... Hncna 6rnn cnmennr n nnx
kak nnc+re nen 6ecnno+nre n .qnpnre; no.+omy 6pak mysrkn c nncnamn mor
+onrko o6naropon+r e. Pennrnosnrn n .monnonanrnrn .kc+as, nrsrnaemrn
mysrkon, nocnmennre nanpannnn n pycno nn+ennek+yanrnoro .kc+asa
cosepnann 6oec+nennoro +anna nncen... Hncna nennr, nc e oc+anrnoe o6peneno
na rn6enr; npnpoa nncen ne ma+epnanrna, a neanrna; onn onyckam+ camre
ynnn+enrnre n nocxn+n+enrnre mrcnennre onepannn nne kakoro-nn6o o+nomenn k
rpy6omy nnemnemy nync+nennomy mnpy onno 6r+r nmenno +ak enc+nye+
6oec+nennrn pasym. Ho.+omy .kc+a+nneckoe cosepnanne reome+pnnecknx qopm n
ma+ema+nnecknx sakonon nne+c camrm enc+nennrm ny+m onnmenn ymn o+
mnpcknx c+pac+en n rnannrm cnsymmnm snenom mey nenonekom n 6oec+nom. [39]
<c+p. 74>
Mysrkan+r Banaa, kak n ynnre, nn+ n nncnonrx o+nomennx nencnepnaemrn
nc+onnnk o+kponennn o cymnoc+n n ennc+ne mnpa. Onn o6napynnam+ onn n +e e
o+nomenn n snyke n n nnennn ne6ecnrx +en. Kora ocnona+enr conpemennon ac+ponomnn
Horannec Kennep nocne pa neyannrx nonr+ok o+kprn, n+o o+ nomenn yrnonrx ckopoc+en
nnane+ connaam+ c ocnonnrmn akyc+nnecknmn o+nomennmn, on nosnnkonan:

Connne Fapmonnn no ncm cnom 6necke npopesano o6naka... He6ecnre nnenn
ec+r ne n+o nnoe, kak nenpeprnna necnr n neckonrknx ronocon (nocnpnnnmaema
ne cnyxom, a nn+ennek+om); mysrka, ko+opa... nne+c k onpeennnrm
npeyc+anonnennrm kak 6r mec+nronocnrm kaancam n +aknm o6pasom pacc+anne+
nexn n nensmepnmom +enennn npemenn. He ynnn+enrno no.+omy, n+o nenonek, n
nopaanne cnoemy Tnopny, o+kprn, nakonen, nckycc+no pasnn+on necnn, neneomoe
pennnm. [40]

Ty e nnym nepy Fenpn Hepcenn nrpasnn n +ekc+e cnoen Or na enr Cn.
Hennnnn (1692):

...yma mnpa, To6on noxnonnena,
Paccennre cemena ma+epnn npnnena k cornacnm.
Tr cnsan pas6pocannre a+omr.
Onn, coennnnre no sakonam nc+nnnrx nponopnnn
Hs pasnrx nac+en coc+annnn ennym conepmennym rapmonnm.
Tr nac+pannaemr .+o+ mnp nnnsy n cqepr nanepxy,
H+o n kpyronom ne6ecnom +anne nny+c no nx mysrky.

Hannna c Hnqaropa, nncna n nncnonre o+nomenn cnya+ qynamen+om ncex
mysrkanrnrx +eopnn Banaa. Onn onpeenm+ konnennnm mysrkanrnoro +ona, npnnnnnr
c+po n +emnepannn, nn+epnanr n snykopr.+em nnn nnrm ny+m nk+ym+ sakonr rapmonnn,
kon+panynk+a n qopmr n nonynnnn oco6oe snanenne n conpemennon nenana+n+ononon,
cepnnnon, c+oxac+nneckon n komnrm+epnon +exnnkax komnosnnnn. Mnc+nneckne konno+annn
nncen non+n nrne+pnnncr, no mysrkan+r no-npenemy nep+ n +o, n+o n nnx ckpr+r +annr
mnposann n 6eccosna+enrno o6oec+nnm+ nx kak Hnkonan Kysancknn, nnenmnn n nnx
cnmnon 6oec+nennoro +nopnec+na, nnn nna+onnkn, n ko+oprx onn 6rnn qopmon nennrx
Hen, kak ka66annc+r, nnqaropennr n nannnonckne penr, nsnnekanmne ns nncen
.so+epnneckoe snanne.
Bocnpnnnmaemrn n +akom cne+e, snyk mysrkn .+o ncero +onrko onemec+nnenne Hen,
ma+epnannsann nema+epnanrnoro, npe-
<c+p. 75>
menna konenna +napr, nocnymna nnenpemennomy nopky, ko+opa enae+ ero
oc+ynnrm n namnx neconepmennrx nync+n. Hopok .+o cymnoc+r, +ora kak snyk ncero
nnmr nnenne, 6onee nnn menee cnynannoe. 3+o nno+r, ko+opa nyna kak nepea+onnoe
cpec+no, no moe+ 6r+r sa+em o+6pomena kak ne nmemma co6c+nennon nennoc+n. Bonee
+oro, kak ncka nno+r, ona ne +onrko cmep+na, no n rpexonna n cnoen nync+nennon
co6nasnn+enrnoc+n o+cma npo6nema ymec+noc+n mysrkn n xpame, nekamn +penonnma
o+non nepknn.
* * *
Ba npeenamn sananon nnnnnnsannn mr naxonm conepmenno nnym kap+nny.

B o+nnnne o+ rnannoro +enenn sananon mrcnn, nnynsm ne-yannc+nnen. O6rek+
ne npo+nnoc+on+ cy6rek+y; nosnammnn n nosnanaemoe ono; Bor enn n ne snae+
n+oporo; n mnpe ne+ nnnero, n+o ne 6rno 6r Borom. [41]

Mysrka nknmnena n .+o ennc+no. Becr ona +ake nmee+ nmmanen+nrn n
+pancnenen+nrn acnek+r, no o+nomenne mey nnmn nnoe, nem o+nomenne mey neen n e
nrpaennem. O6a acnek+a ec+r snyk nepnrn nennennrn, n+opon nnennrn. An+op
canckpn+ckoro +pak+a+a XVIII neka Capnraena nncan: Mypre nonn+am+ nennennrn snyk,
cney nac+annennm ynn+enen, snyk, npenasnanennrn n ocno6oenn, a ne n
yononrc+nn. Onako .+o+ snyk, nnennrn mnpy, npnnocn+ yononrc+nne, no +ake nomorae+
pas6n+r kpyronopo+ cymec+nonann. Hpnne .+n cnona, Apnon Bn.nk kommen+npye+:

B .+om kon+ekc+e pasprn nnkna cymec+nonannn osnanae+ cnnnne
nnnnnyanrnoro (Self) c +nopmnmn nananamn ncenennon. He+pyno non+r,
nonemy mysrka cnn+anacr cpec+nom oc+nenn .+oro konennoro 6naenc+na. Bnyk
n cnom nennennom acnek+e +oec+nen 6oec+nennrm +nopnecknm nananam ne
+onrko n cnoen +pancnenen+non qopme, no n n +on qopme n ko+opon on o6n+ae+ n
cepne. Baana nenoneka nan+n n peannsona+r cnsr mey nennennrm n
nnennrm snykom. [42]

<c+p. 76>
B Kn+ae mysrka +ake nonn+ae+c kak snyk, nepes ko+oprn nenonek moe+ non+n n
conpnkocnonenne c nenocpec+nenno neoc+ynnon +pancnenen+non cnnon.

Mysrka cemnc+pynnon nn+pr noc+onno +ro+ee+ k noo6paaemrm snynannm:
nn6pa+o npoonae+c kora snynanne ye nepec+ano 6r+r cnrmnmrm, c+pyna, 6es
mnnka npnnonma n nnenne 6rc+prm n nnesanno oc+anannnnammnmc
ckonrennem nanrna no nen, nsa+ snyk, ena cnrmnrn ae n camoro
ncnonnn+en. B pykax mysrkan+on npennx nokonennn .+o+ nnc+pymen+
ncnonrsonanc n+o6r ne c+onrko nponsnon+r, ckonrko nnyma+r snynann. [43]

B penneernne+ckom srke cnono XL., osnanano snyk, a +ake ronoc n naennocr
.so+epnnecknmn pn+yanrnrmn n mnqonornnecknmn konno+annmn: .+o 6rn ronoc 6oron.

Henonenecknn ronoc .+o nannynmee opyne pena n saknnna+en. Hmenno ronoc
nsrckye+ n npnsrnae+ Hennnmoc+n nsaneka n npna+ nm peanrnoc+r. Karn
snyk, nsanaemrn .+nm ronocom, o6naae+ oco6on, neneomon npoc+rm cmep+nrm
nnac+rm, c ko+opon snakomr nocnmennre, ymemmne em nonrsona+rc. [44]

Bc mysrka n Ernn+e kak xpamona, nopnona, +ak n ynnnna nasrnanacr
cnonom X+;, osnanammnm paoc+r .qqek+ nnac+n ronoca.

Hoo6no cyqn+am cpenenekonoro ncnama n epnnmam 6pa+c+na Mannann n
ceronmnem Kanpe, pennne ernn+ne cnrmann ne mysrky, no +onrko snykn,
ko+opre 6rnn n nnx ncero nnmr cnmnonom nero-+o nnoro. [45]

Beccnopno, sanana mysrka +oe cnmnonnnna, no cnmnonnnno n nen ne snynanne, a
qopma, ko+opa mrcnn+c kak nn+ennek+yanrno noc+nnmrn cnmnon nekoro
cnepxnync+nennoro nopka n cosa+ nnnmsnm ncknmnenn npemenn. B o+nnnne o+ qopmr,
cnmnonnneckoe morymec+no snyka coc+on+ n +om, n+o on nnon+ cnymammero n mnp
nync+nenno nencnepnaemon peanrnoc+n, nepennaemon ne +onrko nn+ennek+om, no ncem
nenonekom. Bnyk ne npe+enye+ na no6ey na npemenem. Bmec+o .+oro on o+a+ cnymammero
+enennm npemenn, ocno6oae+ ero o+ rne+ymero nanopa nenosnpa+nmrx mrnonennn. Tenenne
npemenn c+anonn+c neomy+nmrm n ncnr+rnae+c kak neckonnaemoe nsmenenne nny+pn
Hensmennoro.

<c+p. 77>
!"%I#VNW%M

1 Robert Ornstein. On the Experience Of Time. Penguin Books, 1970, c 101
2 Arthur Koestler. The Act of Creation. Hutchinson & Co, Ltd (London, 1969), cc.
174-176. Hn+a+a ns: Seelig, K. Albert Einstein, Europa Verlag, 1954, c 71
3 Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. The Future of Man. Harper and Row (New York, 1969),
cc. 86-87, 88
4 Gregory Bateson. Steps to An Ecology of Mind. Ballantine Books (New York,
1972), c 39
5 Boethius. The Consolation of Philosophy (nep. Richard Green). The Bobbs-Merril
Co, Inc. (Indianapolis, 1976), cc. xi, xvii
6 Arnold Schoenberg, "Composition With Twelve Tones," Style and Idea (New York,
1950), c 114
7 Jean Piaget. The Child's Conception of Time. Ballantine Books (New York, 1971),
cc. 283-284 (nep. c qpannysckoro La Development de la Notion de Temps chez l'Infant, 1927)
8 Ibidem, cc. 1,2
9 Ibidem, c ix
10 Aaron Copland. Copland On Music. Doubleday & Co (New York, 1960) cc. 27-28
11 J. B. Priestley. Man and Time. Dell Publishing Co (New York, 1968) c 123

<c+p. 78>

12 Gisele Brelet. "Music and Silence," La Revue Musicale XXII (1946). Hn+. no kn.:
Reflections on Art, (no pe. Cmsann hanrep) (Baltimore, 1960), ce. 124-125
13 Leo Beranek. Music, Acoustics, and Architecture (New York, London, 1962), cc.
53,54. Hn+a+a ns nncrma Hay.pa Bpnrra an+opy
14 Fritz Winkel. Music, Sound, and Sensation (New York, 1967), cc. 123,162
15 Arthur Koestler. The Sleepwalkers. Pelican Books (1972), c 41
16 Cm. npnm. 13, cc. 2-3
17 Curt Sachs. The History of Musical Instruments. J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd (London,
1942), c 221
18 Edgard Vai se, "The Liberation of Sound," Perspectives of New Music, Vol. 5, No.
1 (Fall-Winter 1966), c 18
19 Henri Bergson. Duration and Simultaneity (nep. Leon Jacobson), The Bobbs-Merril
Co, Inc., 1965, c ix
20 Ibidem, c. 44-45
21 Edward Hall. The Silent Language. Anchor Books (New York, 1973), cc. 153-154
22 Carl G. Jung, "Approaching the Unconscious." Man and His Symbols (no pe.
Kapna Knra). Doubleday & Co, Inc., (New York, 1964), c. 91
23 J. B. Priestley. Man and Time (cm. npnm. 10), c. 121
24 D.T.Suzuki. Mysticism: Christian and Buddliist. Perrenial Library, Harper & Row
(New York, 1971), cc. 112-114. Cysykn npnnon+ c+pokn nsnec+noro c+nxo+nopenn Ynnrma
Bnenka ns nnkna Hpopnnann nennnnoc+n (1803):

B onom mrnonenre nne+r nennoc+r,
Orpomnrn mnpn sepne necka,
B ennon ropc+n 6eckonennoc+r
H ne6o n namenke nne+ka.
Ecnn n+nna n kne+ke +ecnon
Mepkne+ n rnene cno ne6ecnrn.
(nepeno C. Mapmaka)

25 F. S. C. Northrop. The Meeting of East and West. Collier-Macmillan, Ltd. (1972), c
343
<c+p. 79>
26 Ibidem, c. 315
27 Mantle Hood. The Ethnomusicologist. McGraw-HilL Inc. (1971), cc. 35-36
28 Gerald J. Whitrow. The Natural Philosophy of Time. Thomas Nelson and Sons, Ltd
(London and Edinburgh, 1961), c 75
29 F. S. C. Northrop. The Meeting of East and West. (cm. npnm. 24). c. 316
30 Claude Larre, "The Empirical Apperception of Time and the Concept of History in
Chinese Thought." Cultures and Time. The UNESCO Press (Paris, 1976), c 46. penn ne o6
ymep6noc+n nnymeroc npemenn npoonae+ n+r n n conpemennom Kn+ae, re cnn+ae+c,
n+o nacr, nonynennre n noapok, npenemam+ cmep+r.
31 Raimundo Panikkar, "Time and History in the Tradition of India: Kala and Karma."
Cultures and Time, c 79
32 Paul Tillich. The New Being. Charles Scribner's Sons (New York, 1955), cc. 167-
168
33 Louis Gardet, "Moslem Views of Time and History," Cultures and Time, cc. 203-
204, 208
34 Cm. npnm. 31, c. 82
35 Tam e, c. 72
36 Paul Tillich. The New Being {cm. npnm. 32), cc. 130-131
37 Carl G. Jung, "The Psychology of Eastern Meditation," Collected Works, Vol. 11:
Psychology and Religion: West and East (1958, 1969), naparpaq 936
38 St. Augustine. Confessions, xi: vi
39 Arthur Koestler. The Sleepwalkers (cm. npnm. 14) cc. 27-28
40 Johannes Kepler, Harmonice Mundi, kn. V (1619)7 Hn+. no: Arthur Koestler. The
Sleepwalkers, c 398
41 F. C. Happold. Mysticism: A Study and An Anthology. Penguin Books (1973), c 107
42 Arnold Bake, "The Music of India." The New Oxford History of Music, vol. 1, cc.
198-199. An+op nonpknnae+, n+o, n o+nnnne o+ sananon mysrkn, anno c+anmen
an+onomnrm nckycc+nom cne+cknm n pasnneka+enrnrm, n Hnnn mysrka no-npenemy
nenocpec+nenno n nepasprnno cnsana c qnnocoqnen n pennrnen n
<c+p. 80>
naenena kocmnnecknm snanennem. Hpannnrnrn po mysrkn pyrnmn cnonamn,
ennc+nennrn po mysrkn, sacnynnammnn nnnmann, +o+, ko+oprn oc+onn nasrna+rc
nnmyk+na (npnnocma ocno6oenne)
43 Laurence Picken, "The Music of Far Eastern Asia," The New Oxford History of
Music, vol. 1, cc. 86-87.
44 Melanges Maspero. Etudes de mythologie I, c. 106. Hn+. no c+a+re: Henry George
Fanner, "The Music of Ancient Egypt," The New Oxford History of Music, vol. 1, c 259
45 Henry George Farmer, "The Music of Ancient Egypt," The New Oxford History of
Music, vol. 1, c 274
<c+p. 81>
65+,+ *.0*J8. !("M$(<


'Y/8> G+7+/+ 2+P+ >B@=A+ A+10*48
4*.+22-; 3 C04Q-.>022-;. W+> 10
7.3X-/3*48 7.35+E+*J C-5JP30 B43538 3
7.3@=,+*J 2+ 7->-OJ ,4Y 2+PB
43>7+*3Y, F*-C= -K023*J 3X >B@=AB.
G+7+/2=; A-2*.+7B2A* 3 E+.>-238
4-@/+Y*, 2+ 2+P ,@E58/, F.0@>0.2BY
3@C=*-F2-4*J 45-12=X Q-.>.
&*.BA*B.+ A+10*48 207->0.2-; 7-
4.+,2023Y 4 *0>, F*- , 20; @+A5YF02-...
) -*53F30 -* Z*-E-, 2+P+ >B@=A+
04*04*,022+ 3 Z>-K3-2+5J2+. [*-
>B@=A+ 2+.-/+, C53@A-E- A 7.3.-/0.
<+1/+8 0L Q.+@+ 4,8@+2+ 4
-7.0/05L22=>, 8,50230> 7.3.-/=, 4
,=.+10230> >->02*+, >04*+ 3 ,.0>023
E-/+.
Mamapaq Mynanna Xan, C+pannnr
ns nsnn cyqn+a
(C53A3 7-.8/A+
Cpen cymec+nymmnx onpeenennn mysrkn nenerko o+rcka+r +akoe, ko+opoe 6rno
6r cno6ono o+ kynr+ypnon npens+oc+n. Camo npec+annenne o mysrke kak nne nckycc+na
xapak+epno +onrko n sananon kynr+ypr nocnennx c+one+nn: sa e npeenamn mnornm
kynr+ypam nckycc+no kak oco6rn po nenoneneckon e+enrnoc+n nesnakomo, n mysrka
nonrsye+c n nnx nnrm c+a+ycom. Hoanyn, camrm ynnnepcanrnrm onpeenennem cneye+
npnsna+r aqopnc+nneckym qopmyny Bapesa: Mysrka .+o oprannsonannrn snyk.
Bnyk (nmec+e co cnoen cpeon monnannem) n nopok coc+annm+ na mnnnmanrnrx
ycnonn nm6on mysrkn. Heoprannsonannrn snyk oc+a+c mymom; nopok, ne nrnnennrn
nocpec+nom
<c+p. 82>
snyka, neoc+ynen nocnpn+nm. Hx cyr6r necxon: snyk .qemepen, on nosnnkae+ n ncnesae+
n karn pas nponsnon+c sanono, +ora kak nopok cymec+nye+ nennnmo, ona cnoen
snykonon peannsannn, n ko+opon mr ysnam snakomym mysrky. 3+o kacae+c ye onnonnoro
mysrkanrnoro snyka: kaknm 6r cnon+annrm nn kasanc mysrkanrnrn snyk, on nnkora ne
6rnae+ nponsnonrnrm. Bny+penn oprannsann a+ emy snannmoc+r, nrpasn+enrnoc+r n
kommynnka+nnnym cnny.
Oprannsann, nopok .+o ne 6onee kak a6c+pak+nre non+n. Mr c+anknnaemc c
6ecnncnennrmn konkpe+nrmn nopkamn, cnsannrmn c onpeennnrmn acnek+amn
peanrnoc+n, o6nac+mn snann n mrcnennrmn moenmn. Onako .+n acnek+r, o6nac+n n
moenn ne nsonnponanr pyr o+ pyra. C+poro ronop, pasnnnam+c ne camn nopkn, a nx
konkpe+nre nponnenn: onn n +o+ e qenomen moe+ nonynn+r neckonrko pasnrx
onncannn, a nopok, o6napyennrn n onom ns nnx, moe+ okasa+rc knmnom k nonnmannm
conepmenno nnon rpynnr qenomenon.
He cymec+nye+ nnc+o n ncknmnn+enrno mysrkanrnoro nopka, kak ne cymec+nye+
n camooc+a+onnoro, nn c nem ne cnsannoro mysrkanrnoro mnkpokocma. To, n+o nnora
nmenye+c +ak, .+o nnmr nac+na, cnennqnneckn mysrkanrna peannsann onoro ns acnek+on
mnoro 6onee o6mnpnoro ynnnepcanrnoro nopka, nrxomero sa npeenr annoro connnenn,
mysrkn n nckycc+na noo6me. Camo cnono nreca (piece, +o ec+r nac+r, kycok) nrsrnae+
npec+annenne nnn npeomymenne nenoro.
Oprannsannn n sananon mysrke yennocr n yene+c oc+a+onno nnnmann, no
+eope+nkn peko saymrnam+c o npenocrnkax n kpn+epnx cnoero noxoa k .+on npo6neme.
Pacnonara neo6xonmrmn nnc+pymen+amn, moenmn n cxemamn, onn mano nn+epecym+c nx
nponcxoennem. Ho nepnrn e mar sa npeenr .+on xopomo ocnoennon o6nac+n sac+anne+
saa+rc nonpocom o npenocrnkax n kpn+epnx nopka.
Hpnpoa nenoneneckoro nocnpn+n +akona, n+o n o6rnnrx ycnonnx mr ne
nocnpnnnmaem nemn n nx ynnkanrnon nenon+opnmoc+n: nmec+o .+oro mr acconnnpyem nx c
pyrnmn nemamn, cpannnnaem, am nasnann, qopmnpyem o+nnennnre non+n n o6o6maem.
Hamn opranr nocnpn+n n ym onpeennnrm o6pasom noro+onnenr n nac+poenr namen
kynr+ypon. 3+o ona nosnone+ nam nne+r, pacnosnana+r n onennna+r onpeennnre
qenomenr, no ona e enae+ nac n nonnom cmrcne cnona cnenrmn n rnyxnmn k pyrnm
qenomenam n cnoco6am nocnpn+n. Hennnmre kon+ak+nre nnnsr kynr+ypr coc+annm+
o6mnpnrn na6op. Hepeko 6na-
<c+p. 83>
roap kakon-nn6o peskon nepemene xopomo snakomoe nnenne nnn nnno npec+am+ n nonom
cne+e, mr nnnm ero nonrmn rnasamn: o6c+o+enrc+na sac+annnn nac nepemenn+r nnnsy.
Kak nokasrnae+ rem+anr+ncnxonorn, oc+ynnre nenoneky moycr nocnpn+n o6naam+
6onrmon rn6koc+rm, cnoco6noc+rm o6mennna+rc nnqopmannen, co+pynnna+r, o6renn+rc
n ak+nnnsnpona+r pyr pyra. 3+n moycr enc+nym+ ns6npa+enrno, no nce onn ro+onr n
nynrn momen+ nc+ynn+r n enc+nne.
Te, komy .+n y+nepenn nokay+c a6c+pak+nrmn, nonmy+ nx cmrcn na npoc+om
npnmepe. Kora mr cnrmnm nesnakomoe snynanne n nr+aemc non+r, n+o .+o +akoe, mr
saamc pom nonpocon: kakon ero nosmonrn nc+onnnk? cnynanno nn ono nnn
nenenanpanneno? mym .+o nnn cnrnan? mono nn nasna+r ero mysrkanrnrm? kakoro poa
nnena+nenne ono nponsnon+? na6nmae+c nn n nm kaka-nn6o nornka? k kakon nac+n cne+a,
kynr+ype, connanrnon cpee ono moe+ npnnanea+r? kakon ero cmrcn nnn nasnanenne? n
+ak anee. Karn ns .+nx nonpocon ak+nnnsnpye+ onpeennnrn onr+, kon+ekc+ n
mrcnennym nepcnek+nny n naxon+ coo+ne+c+nymmnn o+ne+ n qopme .monnonanrnoro
o+knnka, konnen+yanrnrx ymosaknmnennn n cnonecnrx onpeenennn. 3+n nnn noo6nre
nonpocr saam+c n mnnmon nocneona+enrnoc+n, na camom e ene napannenrno, a o+ne+r
rnno+e+nneckne, ne-o+kpnc+annnsonanmnec, +ekynne cone+am+c, nepekprnam+ n
ononnm+ pyr pyra. 3+o+ nponecc ne mor 6r ae nana+rc, ecnn 6r ne npeomymenne
nekoro nenoro orpomnon neneomon mosankn, nac+nnr ko+opon okasanncr n namnx pykax.
Mosanka nopka, o+panna n o+enrnom mysrkanrnom connnennn, .+o ne pncynok
pacnonoenn kyconkon na nnockoc+n. Ona nmee+ +pe+re, rny6nnnoe nsmepenne, ko+opoe
npoc+npae+c o+ nocnpnnnmaemoro konkpe+noro qenomena k noponnmemy ero
on+onornneckomy nanany. 3+o nsmepenne mono onnca+r kak konnneckoe npoc+panc+no mey
ynac+kom nonepxnoc+n cqepr, nacennnon na6nmaemrmn qenomenamn, n e nen+pom
nsnananrnon peanrnoc+rm, +onkon cxoenn ncex nac+nrx nepcnek+nn. Ho mepe yanenn o+
nonepxnoc+n n nanpannennn nen+pa nan6onee nnre, ennnnnre, cnennqnnnre nep+r
yc+ynam+ mec+o nep+am 6onee cymec+nennrm n o6mnm. O+cma onno 6r+r cno, n+o
nopok n mysrkanrnom connnennn neonpeennm onnm ennc+nennrm ny+m: on mnoronnk, n
o6nnk ero mene+c n sanncnmoc+n o+ yponn, na ko+opom mr onpeenem ero. Xo+ 6r
cmy+no, cnyma+enr ne moe+ ne nync+nona+r, n+o annoe connnenne n ono n +o
<c+p. 84>
e npem menrme n snann+enrno 6onrme camoro ce6: ono 6onrme, nem ero snykonon o6nnk n
menrme sanoennoro n nm coo6menn. B onncannom panee me+aqopnneckom npoc+panc+ne
mey qenomenanrnon nonepxnoc+rm n on+onornnecknm nen+pom mono cneymmnm o6pasom
ycnonno nrenn+r n+r son o6nnkon nopka:
(1) qenouenannmn nopok, na6nmaemrn n snykonom o6nnnnn ennnnnoro
mysrkanrnoro ak+a nanpnmep, n nnom ncnonnennn Hcaakom C+epnom 6axonckon Hap+n+r
N1, nnn n onon ns nmnponnsannn Ockapa Hn+epcona, nnn n naponon necne, onar
ycnrmannon re-nn6yr n epenne. B kaom ns +aknx cnynaen nopok snynannn ynnkanen n
nenon+opnm;
(2) qopuannmn nopok, ko+oprn sakpennn n no+non sanncn n coxpane+c npn
pasnnnnrx ncnonnn+enrcknx nn+epnpe+annx. On onennno npncy+c+nye+ n nap+n+ype n
neonennen n macce nonynpnrx nponsneennn, 6yr +o naponrn +anen, rnmn nnn pn+yanrnrn
nanen;
(3) po(onon nopok +o+, ko+oprn annoe connnenne pasene+ co mnoec+nom
pyrnx connnennn poc+nennon qopmr, c+nn n nasnanenn, cneymmnx +pannnonnrm
npnnnnnam mysrkanrnoro noneenn. Ha .+om yponne mr naxonm npnnnnnr oprannsannn
qyrn, cona+r, parn, myrama n +.n.;
(4) kynvypno (evepunnnponannmn nopok non+n nemenenno pacnosna+c n
cnennqnnecknx cnonc+nax snynann mysrkn, no kopenn+c on snann+enrno rny6e n
xapak+epnrx n annoro napoa n kynr+ypr men+anrnrx n nync+nennrx cknonnoc+x n
yc+anonkax. 3+o+ yponenr oprannsannn nk+ye+c nknmnnnoc+rm mysrkn n +kanr
connanrnon enc+nn+enrnoc+n n cymec+nye+ nonepx pasnnnnn e +nnon, anpon n qynknnn.
On moe+ ykasrna+r na nn+nmnre n +annc+nennre cnsn c xapak+epom, c+poem n snynannem
mec+noro srka, c .+nnneckn xapak+epnrm yxonnrm c+poem, cknaom yma n ae +nnom
o6rennoro noneenn; n, nakonen,
(5) apxevnnnuecknn nopok, o+paammnn nan6onee rny6okne n o6mne ns
kynr+ypno ycnoennrx moenen onr+a n nac+noc+n, cnoco6r nonnmann n nepennann
npemenn, o ko+oprx ronopnnocr n nperymen rnane.
Ha kaom ns .+nx yponnen nopok moe+ nponn+rc no ncex cnonc+nax n
nsmepennx snynann, nanrx n annon mysrkanrnon kynr+ype. On moe+ ynpann+r
o+nomennmn mey +onno yc+anonnennrmn nrco+amn n ene ynonnmrmn kanannmn onoro
+ona, npoc+rmn non+opmmnmnc n nenoo6pasnmo cnonrmn
<c+p. 85>
pn+mamn, ropc+kon +onon n momnrmn snykonrmn maccamn; enc+nona+r n +ecnrx npeenax
menonneckon qpasr n n macm+a6ax mnoronaconon parn. nn+enrnoc+r, rpomkoc+r n +em6p,
ckna qak+ypr, cnoco6 nokanrnoro nnn nnc+pymen+anrnoro snykonsnnenenn, ap+nkynnn
nc .+o n mnoroe pyroe moe+ cnyn+r nsmepennmn nopka.
B npo+nnonononoc+r xonemy npec+annennm, nopok n mysrke yc+anannnnae+c
n o6napynnae+c ne nn+ennek+om: nocnenemy npnnanen+ nnmr nec+r ero
pannonannc+nneckoro onncann. O nannnnn mysrkanrnoro nopka nam ronop+ ne ananns n
nornneckoe paccyenne, a onr+ n nn+ynnn. Kon+ak+ c nonepxnoc+rm snykonoro qenomena
mysrkn ne mor 6r cnyn+r o+npannon +onkon n nonckax neynonnmoro nopka, ecnn 6r mr ne
omymann n camom nnennn mysrkn momnoe nnnnne rny6nnnrx apxe+nnnnecknx c+pyk+yp.
3+o nnnnne ckasrnae+c n +om nsmepennn, 6es ko+oporo mysrka ne moe+ o6on+ncr, k kakon
6r kynr+ype ona nn npnnaneana. 3+o nsmepenne npem, n camrn o6mnn qenomen
nopka pn+m.
Fancy qon Bmnony npnnncrnam+ snamenn+oe nspenenne: B nanane 6rn pn+m.
Hepeqpasnponan nepnre cnona Enanrenn o+ Hoanna, mysrkan+ nonepknyn kapnnanrnoe
snanenne pn+ma, no nanoc+n cpannnmoe c noannonrm Cnonom. Cnono c+ano nno+rm, no .+a
nno+r ne onna npnnnma+rc sa Cnono. Ono eno nopok, pyroe ynoponenna
ma+epn. 3+o pasnnnenne npocnennae+c no mnornx mnqax o nponcxoennn mnpa.
Hanpnmep, cpannnna mnq napoa Ha+myn, o6n+ammero na Honon Fnnnee, c 6n6nenckon
Knnron Br+n, Fperopn Ben+con samenae+:

O6e kynr+ypr cxonrm o6pasom npnsnam+ pasnnnne mey npo6nemon
ma+epnanrnoro +nopenn n npo6nemon nopka n nqqepennnannn. [1]

Hopok n nqqepennnannn ne sanncn+ o+ konkpe+noc+n ma+epnana, n ko+opom on
peannsye+c. B +o e npem, nopok neo6napynm, ecnn on ne npncy+c+nye+ n yme
na6nma+en, cpen ycnoennrx nm moenen nocnpn+n.
Han6onee qynamen+anrna moenr qopmnpye+c n cosnannn nenoneka camnmn
ycnonnmn ero cymec+nonann. On nn+ cpen 6ecnncnennrx pn+mnnecknx nponeccon. C
nesanam+nrx npemn on na6nmae+ cmenr n n nonn, npnnnnr n o+nnnr, npncnymnnae+c k
maram, rxannm n 6nennm cepna. Hepnoe, n+o nnymam+ noo6nre nnenn, .+o
nqqepennnann momen+on npemenn perynp-
<c+p. 86>
nre nepeonann nonnennn n ncnesnonennn, npncy+c+nnn n o+cy+c+nnn, normon n cnaon.
3+o+ ynnnepcanrnrn nepno.nemen+ nopka, ne sanncmnn o+ kynr+ypr,
cnmnonnsnpye+c pncynkom nonnr apxe+nnnnecknm pom ncex cymec+nymmnx n
mrcnnmrx qopm nosnpamenn n nepnonnnoc+n nnannrx n nnesannrx, npoc+rx n
cnonrx, npannnrnrx n nenpannnrnrx, nenpeprnnrx n npeprnnc+rx.
Pncynok nonnr 6eckonenen; ero konennrn .knnnanen+ nnknnneckoe kpyronoe
nnenne. Hapy co cnonmn nponsnonrmn qopmamn okpynoc+rm, kpyrom, cqepon,
cnnpanrm ono nspenne cnyn+ cnmnonnnecknm nrpaennem noc+onc+na n nensmennoc+n
n nenoc+onnom mnpe. Cnmnonr .+on +ecno cnsannon rpynnr nrpam+ onnakono nanym ponr
no mnornx mnqonornx n pennrnx, marnnecknx enc+nnx n pn+yanax na Boc+oke n na Banae.
Hx mono nne+r n nenneckom konece nepenonnomennn, n npoponec+ne Heseknnn,
ynnenmero 6y+o koneco naxonnocr n konece... n o6or y ncex ne+rpex nokpyr nonnr
6rnn rnas (I; 16, 18), n cpenenekonom mo+nne Koneca dop+ynr, n 6eckonenno
pasnoo6pasnrx napaqepnannx connennrx kynr+on, n +n6e+cknx mananax n. nakonen, n
6eccosna+enrnrx cnmnonax nenrnoc+n mnpa n .ro, npocne+nennoc+n n conepmenc+na. [2]
Bepa n kpyronoe npem rocnoc+nonana n an+nnnoc+n.

Mrcnr o +om, n+o ror nosnpamam+c, ec+r ye y Fomepa. Y Coqokna kpyr
npemn nonnmae+c kak kone6ann qop+ynr. Fnannon neen Fepaknn+a
npec+anne+c nnkn nospoenn, a o nero nnqaropona ne nepecenenn ym
npenonarae+ non+opmmnnc nepexo o+ nsnn k cmep+n n o6pa+no k nsnn. B
ononnenne k .+nm nem cneye+ ynomny+r em ne ynenne o Bennkom Foe n
nepy n non+opemoc+r co6r+nn. Bennknn Fo .+o nepno npemenn, n konne ko+oporo
Connne, hyna n nnane+r nosnpamam+c n ncxonoe nonoenne o+nocn+enrno pyr
pyra... Bepa n +onnym non+opemoc+r konkpe+nrx co6r+nn +ake cnsrnae+c c
nnqaropenc+nom. [3]

Y6eenne, n+o cam Kocmoc nonnenen n ynoponennrn kpyronon +anen, ykpennno
nepy pennnx n kpyr kak knmn k .so+epnneckomy snannm. Pn+mr kocmnneckoro +anna 6rnn
nsnec+nr xanencknm penam non+n mec+rec+ nekon nasa nac+onrko xopomo, n+o nx
ac+ponomnneckne npeckasann no +onnoc+n cpannnmr c npornosamn ac+ponomon npomnoro
c+one+n. He cnynanno kpyr n cqepa cnynnn conepmennon moenrm ncenennon n
ac+ponomon o+ H+oneme o Konepnnka n Kennepa, ko+opre nennnncr sa ne o nocnenen
nosmonoc+n, necmo+p na onennnre necoo+ne+c+nn annrm nx co6c+nennrx na6nmennn.
<c+p. 87>
Cqepa omnnnponana n peneccancnon kocmoronnn. en+r ne6ecnrx cqep n
sepkanrno o+paammne nx en+r cqep npencnonen, yxomnx n konnneckym nonoc+r
Bemnn, o6pasym+ npoc+panc+no Boec+nennon komenn an+e.
Mysrka, noo6no mnqy, nnamnnna n nensmenna. Ona +en+, n cnonm +enennem
o6pnconrnae+ yc+onnnnym c+pyk+ypy nsanmoo+nomennn. Bnykonre co6r+n, ncera nonre n
nenon+opnmre, npoxo+ nepeon, no nx nopok oc+a+c nensmennrm. Yc+onnnnoc+rm n
o6nonnemoc+rm ona npenocxon+ nce oc+anrnre cpec+na cnmnonnneckoro nrpaenn. O+
ne ncxon+ nencckaemrn no+ok nenno nonrx nync+nennrx nnena+nennn, makcnmanrno
npn6nnammnx cnyma+en k onr+y npe6rnann no npemenn n n ennc+ne c ero +enennem. Ona
nonrsye+c cpannn+enrno rpy6rm n manononnnrm opynem snykom, ko+oprn cnoen
nnqopmannonnon mkoc+rm cnnrno yc+ynae+ cne+y n nnsyanrnrm o6pasam. Ho snyk o6pamen k
cnyxy oprany, ncknmnn+enrno nync+nn+enrnomy n nocnpn+nn npemenn,., 6rc+po+on n
+onnoc+rm snann+enrno npenocxomemy spenne, [4] a nocnpnnnmaemrn cnyxom 6ecnno+nrn
npemennon nopok npnnon+ cnyma+en n conpnkocnonenne c nennnmrm, ko+opoe
acconnnpye+c c +pancnenen+non cqepon yxonnoro.
Moenr nonnr-nnkna npncy+c+nye+ n mysrke no mnoec+ne o6nnnnn. Mr ronopnm o
nen, paccya o ,-52--C.+@2-4*3 rpnropnancknx nanenon, o cona+no-cnmqonnneckom K3A50,
pasnnnnrx nnax .-2/-, 7-/DL>+X n 47+/+X cnmqonnneckoro pasnn+n, knnn+onom A.BE0,
.-*+K33 n cepnnnon +exnnke n mnornx pyrnx nopoennx .+oro pennero cnmnona, ko+opre
n sananon mysrke cnnomr n pom cnn+am+c cnennqnnnrmn n mysrkn, ne cnsannrmn nn
c nem sa npeenamn mysrkanrnoro mnkpokocma.
3+o+ me+akynr+ypnrn apxe+nn, nc+okn ko+oporo na Banae non+n sa6r+r, nerne
npocnennae+c n kynr+ypax pennen +pannnn. Mysrka nanckoro ramenana, nanpnmep,
sanmc+nye+ cnom pn+mnneckym oprannsannm y nanckoro kanenap n npnn+oro cnoco6a
opnen+annn no npemenn.
Oprannsann npemenn nocpec+nom nnknnnecknx ennc+n, nnymnxc nny+pn
6onee kpynnrx nnknon, npn ko+opon +onkn connaenn mey nnknamn o+menam+
nan6onee nanre momen+r npemenn, coc+anne+ +ake ocnony oprannsannn .+on
mysrkanrnon cnc+emr...
?32+.2-4*J cnonc+no nanckoro npoc+panc+na, a +ake npnnnnn oprannsannn
nemen, 6onrmnx n manrx...
\3A53F2-4*J kanec+no nanckoro npemenn. O6a .+n npnnnnna o6rennm+c,
nopoa nnknr, nopasenemre 6nnapno. [5]
<c+p. 88>
Hepapxn 6nnapno nopasenemrx nnknnnecknx ennc+n secr ocymec+nne+c
neckonrknmn rpynnamn nnc+pymen+on o+ camoro nnskoro n menennoro (6onrmon ronr) o
camoro nrcokoro n nonnnoro (ram6anr), pn+mnneckne nynrcannn ko+oprx c+poro
nponopnnonanrnr.
Honnpn+mnka ancam6nen 6apa6anon Bananon Aqpnkn +ake nosnnkae+ n pesynr+a+e
nsanmonanoenn neckonrknx acnmme+pnnnrx nnknnnecknx pn+mon, ko+opre o6pasym+
cnonrn ysop +ak nasrnaemoro noca pn+ma. B nnnnckon .+E0 nnknnnnoc+r cosa+c
nosnpamennmn cnonrx, nnora npesnrnanno nnnnrx cepnn pn+mnnecknx rpynn *+5=.
Cama ma+epn mysrknsnyk, kone6ann nosymnon cper, n qnsnneckom
cmrcne npec+anne+ co6on nonny onpeennnon konqnrypannn n nepnonnnoc+n, ko+opa
nne+c cymmon nac+nnnrx +onon (o6ep+onon, rapmonnk) snykonrx nonn c nac+o+amn n
na, +pn, ne+rpe n +.. pasa npenocxomnmn nac+o+y cnrmnmoro +ona. Hepno.nemen+ mysrkn
onnonnrn +on, n cnom oneper, emonc+pnpye+ +o+ e nnkn cymec+nonann: on
nosnnkae+, nn+c, n ncnesae+. Bonnr cymec+nonann onnonnrx +onon o6rennm+c n
6onrmero macm+a6a c+pyk+ypnre ennc+na mo+nn, nepno, sakonnennym menonm,
rapmonnneckym nocneona+enrnoc+r, nyx- nnn +pexnac+nym qopmy nnn e npoc+o
non+opmmymc pn+mnneckym qopmyny. Bonnr pasnnnnrx macm+a6on, nnncrnammnec
pyr n pyra, n ec+r c+pyk+ypna nepapxn mysrkanrnoro nponsneenn n nnamnke
pasnp+rnann: ero nna oprannsmnnecka cnc+ema.
Onako nam nsrn ne onen oc+anannnna+rc na .+om: nm6oe nponsneenne .+o
ncero nnmr nreca: nac+r. Kc+nep nnme+:

Henre n nac+n n a6conm+nom cmrcne ne cymec+nym+... Bce .+n nnenr
nepapxnn, noo6no pnmckomy 6ory Bnycy, o6naam+ nym nnnamn, o6pamennrmn n
npo+nnonononrx nanpannennx: nnno, o6pamennoe k nonnnnnrm yponnm, .+o
nnno camooc+a+onnoro nenoro; nnno, o6pamennoe nnepx, k nepmnne, .+o nnno
sanncnmon nac+n. [6]

hm6oe komnosnnnonnoe nenoe .+o sanncnma nac+r n nepapxnn nnnnnyanrnoro
c+nn, komnosn+opckon n nannonanrnon mkonr, nc+opnneckoro c+nn n +.. B +o e npem ono
nxon+ nac+re) n cnc+emy annoro nna mysrkn n n cnc+emy connanrnon nsnn, n
qynknnonnponannn ko+opon emy npnnanen+ onpeennna ponr. Tonno +ak e mysrka
npec+anne+ co6on neo+remnemrn .nemen+
<c+p. 89>
cnc+emr nckycc+n, ko+opa, n cnom oneper, neo+ennma o+ cnc+emr annon kynr+ypr. Bc
.+o n mnoroe pyroe npnnanen+ k ennomy 6eckonenno ne+nmemyc nenomy, ko+opoe mr
nac+o +epem ns nny, nockonrky nam ropnson+ orpannnen neo6xonmoc+rm
konnen+pnpona+rc na ero o+enrnrx ynac+kax. B onom ns cnonx my+nnnrx Me+anoron
mey O+nom n oneprm Ben+con samenae+:

O.: Mr ne moem nepememnna+r mrcnn, mr moem +onrko cone+a+r nx. B konne
konnon, .+o snann+, n+o mr ne moem nepecnn+rna+r nx. Ho+omy n+o nepecnn+rna+r
snann+ +onrko cknarna+r nemn n ony kyny, a .+oro ena+r ne cneye+.
.: Tora, snann+, na camom ene ec+r +onrko ona 6onrma mrcnr, y ko+opon
mnoro-mnoro ne+nen?
O.: a, ymam, .+o +ak.[7]

3+a ona 6onrma mrcnr 6eckonenna n nenoc+nnma. To, o nm n+ penr secr,
.+o ona ns e ne+nen ona neo6r+na cnc+ema mysrkn, ko+opa nn+, pasnnnae+c n
mene+c na npo+ennn onrnx nc+opnnecknx nepnoon, pearnpye+ na nosenc+nn
okpyammen e cper n cama nnne+ na ne, noc+onno noepnna c nen rn6koe pannonecne,
n nepes nce nepemenr, ycnnn 6ecnncnennrx nnnnnyanrnrx nonr n cnepmennn cneye+
co6c+nennon +eneonornn nrnonne+ cno nsnennoe npenasnanenne.
* * *
Ennc+na, nxomne n cnc+emy mysrkn, noo6no kne+kam nnoro oprannsma, cnnrno
pasnnnam+c npoonn+enrnoc+rm cymec+nonann. Heko+opre ns nnx ncknmnn+enrno
.qemepnr, pyrne nny+ ec+nne+nmn nnn nekamn. Mexannsmr, ko+opre o6ecnennnam+
nsnecnoco6noc+r .+on cnc+emr, noepnnam+ e me+a6onnneckne nponeccr, nnamnnnr n
nsmennnnr n onnx mysrkanrnrx nocnc+emax n nopasn+enrno c+a6nnrnr n pyrnx. Ho n
nm6om cnynae onn onpeenm+ npeemc+nennoc+r e .nonmnnn n e nnno. Kaa +aka
nocnc+ema o6naae+ onron nc+opnneckon nam+rm. B karn momen+ e cymec+nonann n
nen npncy+c+nye+ nc e npomnoe. Onr+ nokonennn, rny6oko ycnoennrn, c+anmnn n+opon
na+ypon, nnc+nnk+om nacnennkon annon kynr+ypr, cnyn+ neocosnannon ocnonon nx
mysrkanrnoro noneenn.
<c+p. 90>
Hpenoennym panee n+ncnonnym c+pa+nrpaqnm nopka n mysrke mono nne+r
no-pasnomy. E mono paccma+pnna+r kak reonornnecknn kanenapr mysrkanrnon cnc+emr,
nosnonmmnn a+npona+r c+pyk+ypr n moenn pasnoro nospac+a o+ pennenmnx n
nan6onee yc+onnnnrx o nonenmnx, nan6onee .qemepnrx. E mono nocnpnnnma+r n kak
paspes nepes nepapxnm moenen, enc+nne n nsanmoenc+nne ko+oprx ynpanne+ mysrkanrnon
ak+nnnoc+rm. Hakonen, ona moe+ cnyn+r reorpaqnneckon kap+on, nomorammen
nokannsona+r yponnn, k ko+oprm npnnanea+ +nnr nopka, xapak+epnre n +on nnn nnon
kynr+ypr. Hocnenee c nan6onrmen cnoc+rm o6naae+ rny6okne pasnnnn mey
mysrkanrnrmn kynr+ypamn.
Cymec+nye+ ona rpynna kynr+yp, n ko+opon snykosanncr cnyn+ rnannrm, ecnn ne
ennc+nennrm nc+onnnkom mysrkn n cpec+nom e pacnpoc+panenn. Konkpe+na n
.nek+ponna mysrka cymec+nye+ n ocnonnom na marnn+nrx nnnkax, rpamsanncx n
komnak+nrx nckax. Ho nocpec+nom +on e +exnnkn conpemennrn nenonek Banaa nonynae+
npeo6naammym maccy nnena+nennn o+ mysrkn pennen, .kso+nneckon, ananrapnon,
asonon n nonynpnon. B +aknx o6c+o+enrc+nax connnenne nens6eno o+oec+nne+c
co snynannem. B 6onrmon mepe .+o cnpanennno n no o+nomennm k +pannnonnrm
nponsneennm, pacnpoc+panemrm n +rcnax sanncen. Hy+r nn ne y kaoro nenn+en
mysrkn ec+r cnon nm6nmre sanncn, ko+opre on nponrprnae+ 6es cn+a, cnrma karn pas
ony n +y e snykonym kap+nny. Taka sanncr qnkcann ennnnnoro ncnonnenn
nonynae+ c+a+yc oco6oro mysrkanrnoro o6rek+a. Bo ncex .+nx cnynax nocnpn+ne nopka
qokycnpye+c na qenouenannon nonepxnoc+n.
B kynr+ypax, ocnonannrx na nnom ncnonnennn (kakonon 6rna sanana
mysrkanrna kynr+ypa em n nanane .+oro c+one+n) na6nmae+c nna kap+nna. B
o+cy+c+nne nosmonoc+n qnkcnpona+r n nocnponsnon+r ennnnnoe ncnonnenne kaoe
connnenne cymec+nye+ no mnoec+ne nenon+opnmrx 6eckonenno naprnpyemrx nn+epnpe+annn
n ne moe+ o+oec+nn+rc nn c onon ns nnx. Becr c+a+yc nrecr npnnanen+ o6men
ocnone nac+nrx nn+epnpe+annn komnosn+opckomy samrcny, sakpennnnomy n no+ax:
nopok coxpane+c n nocnpnnnmae+c n o+nomennx ne mey snykamn, a mey no+amn,
rnanna nennoc+r npnnncrnae+c qopuannon c+pyk+ype.
Camo co6on pasymee+c, n+o samrcen komnosn+opa ne moe+ 6r+r onenn no-
nac+omemy, ecnn cnyma+enr ne nocnpnnnmae+ ero kak nn+epnpe+a+opa onon ns
npecymec+nymmnx mysrkanrnrx
<c+p. 91>
qopm (anpon), nasnanne ko+opon, kak npannno, nknmnae+c n nanmenonanne konkpe+noro
nponsneenn. Mr cnymaem 43>Q-23Y Monap+a, 4-2+*B Be+xonena, A,+.*0* Fanna, 7042Y
Ey6ep+a n +.. Takon po(onon acnek+ connnenn +pe+nn ns n+n cnoen npenoennon
c+pa+nrpaqnn nan6onee rny6oknn ns +ex, n+o npncy+c+nym+ n sananom mysrkanrnom
cosnannn. Onako .+o+ cnon sa+parnnae+c nnmr no kaca+enrnon: konkpe+nrn
komnosn+opcknn samrcen npec+anne+c sananomy cnyma+enm mnoro 6onee nn+epecnrm n
nanrm, nem poonre cnonc+na connnenn.
B o+nnnne o+ sananon npoqeccnonanrnon mysrkn nocnennx neckonrknx c+one+nn,
no mnoec+ne cy6kynr+yp naponon mysrkn n sananom mnpe n no mnornx nesananrx
kynr+ypax npnnnnnr nopka enc+nym+ n ocosnam+c na 6onee rny6oknx yponnx kak .+o
6rno xapak+epno n n panneenponenckon mysrkn. B .+nx orpomnrx, npesnrnanno pasnrx
apeanax nn snykonon o6nnk connnenn, nn ero qopmanrnrn, npenncannrn komnosn+opom
nopok ne o6naam+ camoc+o+enrnon nennoc+rm n ne nmem+ co6c+nennoro nmenn.
Cnrmnma mysrka nocnpnnnmae+c secr ckopee kak no6onnrn npoyk+
pn+yannsonannoro mysrkanrnoro ak+a, camoro no ce6e nanoro n mnorosnann+enrnoro.
Mec+nrn mysrkan+ menrme ncero c+apae+c sanomnn+r cno ae nan6onee ycnemnoe
nrc+ynnenne c +em, n+o6r non+opn+r ero: mexannnnoc+r, py+nnnoc+r n +aknx kynr+ypax
nopnnam+c. Ho.+omy on ne +onrko ne ncnr+rnae+ nnkakon no+pe6noc+n n no+annn, no
cknonen o+nocn+rc k nen c noospennem, kak k cpec+ny, ko+opoe nomene+ yxo rnasom n
noprnae+ camym ocnony yc+no-cnyxonon +pannnn, k ko+opon on npnnanen+.
Pynmen+apnre no+annonnre cpec+na, ncnonrsyemre n neko+oprx nnmax +aknx kynr+yp,
saraonnr n npak+nneckn ne noam+c pacmnqponke: nx nasnanenne nnc+o mnemonnneckoe.
Bnykonon npoyk+ kaoro mysrkanrnoro ak+a ncera ynnkanen n nenon+opnm,
no+omy n+o on qopmnpye+c no mepe +oro, kak mysrkan+ no+ nnn nrpae+. Bemrm, oco6rm
o6rek+om, ko+oprn moe+ ncec+oponne n e+anrno anannsnpona+rc, on c+anonn+c +onrko
6yynn saqnkcnponan cpec+namn snykosanncn, pacmnqponan n no+nponan. Ho +akon cnoco6
cymec+nonann nsonnponannoro n nenonnnoro n npnnnnne ny kynr+ypam yc+non
+pannnn n neconmec+nm c nx neponannmn n mopanrm.
Takon npoyk+ nenrs nasna+r komnosnnnen n sananom cmrcne .+oro cnona: ero
c+pyk+ypr nosnnkam+ n nponecce ennnnnoro mysrkanrnoro ak+a n nepec+am+ cymec+nona+r
ononpemenno c ero okonnannem. H+o6r nen+nqnnnpona+r nx npnpoy, neo6xonmo
<c+p. 92>
cnyc+n+rc na yponenr poonoro nopka, coepamero na6opr npannn n cpec+n
mysrkanrnoro noneenn. B sananon kynr+ype nan6onee 6nnsknm ananorom +akoro poa
+nopnec+na 6rna 6r nmnponnsann na ocnone npnnnnnon cona+r nnn cmn+r.
B namem mysrkanrnom nekcnkone ne+ neo6xonmoro n .+oro non+n. Hasrna+r
cnon+annrn ak+ ncnonnennem snann+ c+npa+r pasnnnne mey nnm n npak+nkon sananoro
mysrkan+a, nocnponsnomero e+anrnrn komnosn+opcknn samrcen. Hame ncero ncnonrsye+c
cnono nmnponnsann; no ero o+pnna+enrna npnc+anka im- nnymae+ mrcnr o
nenoro+onnennoc+n, o+cy+c+nnn sanacnnoro ma+epnana nnn nnana, nponsnonrnoc+n, n+o
nnonne omn6onno, nockonrky .+o nera+nnnoe onpeenenne ne ronopn+ nn o +om, nem nne+c
.+o+ ak+, nn o npenonaraemon nm c+poron ncnnnnnne.
An+opn+e+nrn Harvard Dictionary of Music nasrnae+ nmnponnsa+opom ncnonnn+en,
ko+oprn cosa+ n nponsnon+ mysrky cnon+anno, 6es nomomn sanncn, .cknson nnn nam+n,
nnn nnon+ nmnponnsnponannre e+ann n sanncannre komnosnnnn. B ocnone secr nen+
nnc+o sananoe pasnnnne mey nncannon n nenncannon komnosnnnen. Onako komnosnnn n
ronone ne cnnmkom aneka o+ komnosnnnn na 6ymare, n connnenne sa nnc+pymen+om ne ncera
npnnnnnnanrno o+nnnae+c o+ connnenn c nepom n pyke. B 1747 roy Bax nmnponnsnponan no
saannm dpnpnxa Bennkoro, n .+a nmnponnsann cymec+nye+ ye +pe+re c+one+ne n coc+ane
ero Mysrkanrnoro npnnomenn. Becnncnennre qan+asnn, .kcnpom+r n +.n.,
cosananmnec c nanana XVI neka, mornn 6r+r kak sanncannrmn nmnponnsannmn, +ak n
nncrmennrmn komnosnnnmn n cno6onon qopme.
Tnn mysrkanrnoro noneenn, o ko+opom n+ penr, nensnec+en sananon kynr+ype
nocnennx c+one+nn. Ero nenrs onpeenn+r kak connnenne n nponecce ncnonnenn nnn kak
e+enrnoc+r komnosn+opa n ncnonnn+en, coennnnmnxc n onom nnne. Cy+r n +om, n+o
ae n ckpr+om nne secr ne+ npnnrnnoro pasenenn qynknnn. Bnykonon pesynr+a+ +akoro
noneenn n ono n +o e npem nenpeckasyem n npeonpeenn, 6esrpannnno cno6oen n
c+poanmnm o6pasom ncnnnnnnnponan. Henon+opnmo nnnnnyanrnym, nnnnym,
cnmmnny+nym peannsannm n nm nonynae+ +o, n+o npenocxon+ nce nnnnre cknonnoc+n n
+pe6onann momen+a. Mnmon+nrn n nenon+opnmrn, karn ak+ +akoro mysrkanrnoro
noneenn noepnnae+ n npoonae+ nesr6nemym nnenpemennym +pannnm, oxpanmmym
yx n nnno annoro napoa.
<c+p. 93>
Takoro poa mysrkanrnre +pannnn nesecymn n ncenponnka-mmn. Onn onpeenm+
ye camo kanec+no snynann, no mnornx cnynax nosnonmmee sa neckonrko cekyn
6esomn6onno pacnosna+r +y nnn nnym kynr+ypy 6yr +o nananrnre snykn nnnnckon parn,
nnonesnnckoro ramenana, aqpnkanckoro ancam6n 6apa6anon nnn mo+nanckon nonrnkn. Ho
noc+nenne nopka, ckpr+oro nosan .+oro snynann, okasrnae+c 6eckonenno cnonon
saanen.
Becnncnennre c+pyk+ypr n moenn pasnnnnrx +nnon n macm+a6on onpeenm+
cnonc+na +oro non, n rpannnax ko+oporo mysrkan+y npeoc+anne+c neorpannnenna
cno6oa: nopok n ennnnnom mysrkanrnom ak+e .+o ono ns +rcn nosmonrx cone+annn
.+nx c+pyk+yp n moenen, ona ns +rcn nosmonoc+en nepecenr .+o none. B c+aprx
+pak+a+ax mono nan+n mnoec+no +exnnnecknx onncannn n nnc+pyknnn nepnoro cneonann
+on nnn nnon knaccnneckon +pannnn, no +exnnneckne onncann mano n+o mory+ ckasa+r
nenocnmnnomy. Tonrko nenonek, nponnkmnnc yxom .+on +pannnn n kynr+ypr,
ycnonnmnn nx na qopmanrnom n neqopmanrnom yponnx, nnymnn onon nsnrm c nx
xpann+enem napoom, nmee+ oc+yn k yxonnomy snanennm n morymec+ny .+nx c+pyk+yp n
moenen k nx apxevnnnueckon ocnone.
Aqpnkannr nasrnam+ pn+mr cnonx 6apa6anon 6nennem cepna nnemenn. Hyno
6r+r aqpnkannem, n+o6r +ak nocnpnnnma+r nx cnn+rc c nnmn, no+ep+r n nnx cno ,
nonnoc+rm o+oec+nncr co cnonm nnemenem n c yxamn ero npekon. Apxe+nnnneckoe,
cornacno Knry, npnnanen+ konnek+nnnomy 6eccosna+enrnomy n, kak +akonoe, ne moe+
6r+r o6napyeno nnn onncano. Ero mono pacnosna+r nnmr kak ckpr+oe snanenne cnmnona,
cnmnonnneckoro o6pasa, cnmnonnneckon moenn. O6rek+nnno na6nmaemre nrpaenn
cnmnonnnecknx cmrcnon ncera kynr+ypno cnennqnnnr.

Cnmnon npno6pe+ae+ snanenne +onrko n cnc+eme ero o+nomennn c pyrnmn
cnmnonamn. Kon+ekc+ ae+ nm cmrcn. ...Mekynr+ypna, o6menenonenecka cnc+ema
cnmnonon, no-nnnmomy, nenosmona. Kaa cnmnonnnecka cnc+ema an+onomna n n
cnoem pasnn+nn cneye+ co6c+nennon nornke. Kynr+ypna cpea nnocn+ n .+o+
nponecc cnon nonpankn, a connanrnre c+pyk+ypr o6annm+ cnon cnek+p napnannn.
[8]

Kynr+ypnre n connanrnre napnannn mory+ nokasa+rc n+opoc+enennrmn no
cpannennm c no+ennnanrnrmn cnmnonamn, cnsannrmn c camnm nenonekom n c
o6menpnponrmn ycnonnmn ero cy-
<c+p. 94>
mec+nonann. Hsnec+no, n+o camo nenoneneckoe +eno cnynno 6ora+rm nc+onnnkom
ec+ec+nennoro cnmnonnsma. Bce nmn en+c na mynnn n enmnn. Fe 6r onn nn o6n+ann,
onn nmem+ eno co c+nxnmn nor, semnn, orn n nosyxa, nny+ cpen kamnen, pac+ennn,
nno+nrx n n+nn; nce non+opm+ nnkn poenn, poc+a, c+apenn n cmep+n. Kasanocr 6r, .+n
n noo6nre nm ec+ec+nennre cnmnonr onnr coc+ann+r neknn nnqpakynr+ypnrn,
o6menenonenecknn yponenr mrmnenn n nrpaenn.
K coanennm, +akoro yponn ne cymec+nye+. Camre pasnnnnre kynr+ypr nepnam+
cnon cnmnonnneckne qopmr ns o6mero npnponoro nc+onnnka, no n kaon onn nonynam+
oco6rn cmrcn. An+pononoram nsnec+no, kak necxon 6rnam+ cmrcnonre pasnnnn
poc+nennrx nnn ae +oec+nennrx cnmnonon n pasnrx kynr+ypax, n kak pnckonanr
nrnor, enaemre na 6ase nx cpannenn. Ho ecnn paccma+pnna+r kynr+ypr ne kak konneknnn
cnonc+n n qopm, a kak cnc+emr, +o o+kprnae+c nosmonoc+r o6cya+r nx cnoco6r
cymec+nonann, modi vivendi qynamen+anrnre npnnnnnr n yc+anonkn, ko+opre
onpeenm+ nx oprannnnoc+r, ennc+no n cnennqnnnoc+r n naxo+ cno nrpaenne n
+rcnax na6nmaemrx nac+nrx nponnennn.
Hoxo cnnsy o6o6menne na6nmaemrx qak+on ne nomorae+ pekonc+pynpona+r
nopoammne nx npnnnnnr n yc+anonkn. Bonee npoyk+nnnrm npec+anne+c noxo
cnepxy conoc+annenne kynr+yp na 6ase nx nc+opnnecknx cye6 n ncnxonornnecknx
xapak+epnc+nk. Hmenno n .+om nanpannennn ykasrnam+ +nnonornneckne nopasenenn
kynr+yp na apxanneckne n conpemennre (3nnae), an+pononornneckne n nc+opnneckne
(Bep+ananqn), cosepna+enrnre n e+enrnre (Xonn), xapak+epnsyemre nn+yn+nnnrm,
kanec+nennrm nnn pannonanrnrm, konnnec+nennrm onr+om npemenn (Hre).
Fny6nnna nxo+omn +nnon kynr+ypr onna, onennno, coo+ne+c+nymmnm o6pasom
nonpnsona+r npnnnnnr, ynpannmmne cnc+emon noneenn mysrkan+a. Kak same+nn on
rmn,

H+o6r non+r cmrcn xyoec+nennrx npoyk+on, mr onnr npemenno sa6r+r o
nnx n o6pa+n+rc k o6mnm cnnam n ycnonnm onr+a, ko+oprn o6rnno ne
paccma+pnnae+c kak .c+e+nnecknn. Mr onnr npn6r+r k enaemon +eopnn
o6xonrm ny+m.[9]
<c+p. 95>
H-.>+
Onncrna+r nosnnknonenne n pasnp+rnanne mysrkanrnoro oprannsma na srke
namero mysrkoneenn snann+ nsyna+r npnnnnnr ero qopmnponann n qopma+nnnre cnnr,
ynpannmmne nponeccom komnosnnnn. H-.>+ +akono nen+panrnoe non+ne n konnennn,
cnyamne secr knmnom k noc+nennm nopka no ncex nemax.
Mysrka nocnpnnnmae+c n anannsnpye+c n non+nx e mo+nnnrx, pn+mnnecknx n
rapmonnnecknx qopm, qopm paspa6o+kn n pasnn+n; ona coxpane+c n qopme no+annn n
onnae+ n qopme ncnonnenn; ona cama nmenye+c qopmon nrpaenn n onr+a. Ba npeenamn
nckycc+na mr ronopnm o qopmax nocnpn+n, nosnann, noneenn, ma+epnn, .neprnn,
rocyapc+nennoro npannenn n +.. C+onr pasnoponoe nponsnonrnoe nonrsonanne non+nem
o6peneno nopoa+r ny+annny.
Bo ncex .+nx cqepax n n oco6ennoc+n n mysrkanrnon npak+nke ec+r ne ncera
cosnanaema neo6xonmoc+r nponon+r pasnnnne mey qopmamn 7-.-1/+YO3>3 n
7-.-1/L22=>3 pykonomnmn nponeccom cosann n xapak+epnsymmnmn konkpe+nre
o6rek+r. Mysrkan+-ncnonnn+enr n +eope+nk o6rnno nmem+ eno c konkpe+non
noponnon qopmon o+enrnoro connnenn. Ecnn nx nn+epecye+, nem onpeene+c
nnnnnyanrnoc+r annoro connnenn, +o onn ne +onrko cpannnnam+ ero co mnoec+nom
pyrnx connnennn +oro e +nna, no n c+pem+c onpeenn+r o6mne n nnx ncex +nopneckne
npenocrnkn nopoammym qopmy. Hepnoe qopma konkpe+non cona+r, qyrn n +..;
n+opoe qopma cona+r nnn qyrn n nx o6mnx onep+annx, kak onn onncrnam+c n
yne6nnkax.
dopma, kak +akona, .+o nn+ennek+yanrna a6c+paknn; e mono nomrcnn+r, no
nenrs nocnpnn+r. H+o6r o6pec+n peanrnoc+r ona nyae+c n coepannn, ma+epnane. Camo
cymec+nonanne qopmr neokasyemo, noka ona ne o6nenena nno+rm. Hmenno .+nm sannmam+c
komnosn+op, no.+, ynnrn, .kcnepnmen+a+op: nce onn nonnomam+ qopmanrnym konnennnm n
+om nnn nnom ma+epnane, n+o6r cena+r e oc+ynnon pyrnm, nnqopmnpona+r o cnoen nee,
ynne+r e co c+oponr, y6en+rc n e enc+nennoc+n nnn cnpanennnoc+n. Ho 6yynn
nonnomena, qopma nepec+a+ 6r+r neanrnon: +enepr ona o6pemenena ma+epnen,
nnnnnyannsnponana, y+pa+nna ynnnepcanrnoc+r, c+ana oc+onnem .+oro mnpa.
<c+p. 96>
Conpemennrn nenonek ne paccyae+ o nna+ononom neanrnom mnpe
npecymec+nymmnx nennrx Hen, no na npo+ennn nekon nynmne ymr Banaa nepnnn n
cymec+nonanne ynnnepcanrnon, o6rek+nnnon nensmennon nc+nnr, ko+opym nyno
noc+onnrmn ycnnnmn nrprna+r ns e +pancnenen+anrnoro 6r+n. Onn snann, n+o .+a
nc+nna nenocpec+nenno neoc+ynna, n+o nenoneky ano nnmr nne+r e nponnenn n
ma+epnanrnom mnpe n, nonrsycr morymec+nom cnoero nn+ennek+a, no kpynnnam o6rna+r
paronennoe snanne. B yme ne+ nnnero, n+o ne nonnnocr 6r panee n omymennx +akon
6rn rnannrn nen+mo+nn sananon qnnocoqnn na npo+ennn nyx c nononnnon +rcn ne+. Ho
cnonam Apnc+o+en, nenonenecka yma necnoco6na non+r n+o-nn6o 6es nomomn qan+omon.
Tonrko onep o6mannnnrm nync+nam, na6nma nsmennnnre nonepxnoc+n, nepennnr
co6r+nn n 6pennom +enecnom mnpe n cnynannrx ycnonnx mec+a n npemenn, nenonek moe+
nae+rc noc+nrny+r nc+nny ynnnepcanrnym, nennym, ne sanncmym o+ npemenn, mec+a n
o6c+o+enrc+n.
B 6ecnncnennrx npenomnennx .+o+ qynamen+anrnrn yannsm nponn+rnae+
sananym qnnocoqckym, pennrnosnym n naynnym mrcnr, onpeen o6mym nsnennym
cn+yannm sananoro nenoneka. Kak cy6rek+, on o+enn nenpeoonnmon nponac+rm o+
o6rek+nnnon nc+nnr. B cnynannrx o6c+o+enrc+nax cnoero cymec+nonann on +mn+c
noc+nrny+r 6r+ne. O+romennrn 6pennon nno+rm, on xone+ npno6mn+rc k yxy, ammemy
nsnn, nopok n cmrcn ncemy n mnpe. Konennrn, on +ockye+ no 6eckonennomy. Cosnana
cnom co+nopnnoc+r, on ae+ noc+nrny+r Tnopna.
Ynennk, anannsnpymmnn saannym emy cona+y n cne+e +oro, n+o emy nsnec+no o
cona+e noo6me, ne orarnae+c o +om, n+o enc+nye+ n coo+ne+c+nnn co c+onr onron n
non+ennon +pannnen. Ecnn ckasa+r emy o6 .+om, on 6ye+ nonrmn, no ne cnnmkom ynnn+c,
nockonrky nmenno +ak npnn+o noxon+r k nsynennm nm6oro nnenn. Heneno comnena+rc n
npenocrnkax +akoro noxoa. Onako nosnonn+enrno saa+rc nonpocom, enc+nn+enrno nn
mnp pasenn nenpeoonnmon nponac+rm na +pancnenen+noe nmmanen+noe, nennoe n
npexomee, neanrnoe n ma+epnanrnoe na cne+noe napc+no sakonon n qopm n +mnrn xaoc
ma+epnn? B camom nn ene mnp +akon, kaknm on npec+anne+c sananomy nenoneky n +enenne
nana+n n+n nekon? H+o6r saa+rc .+nm epe+nnecknm nonpocom, +pe6ye+c nemanoe
myec+no, no em 6onrme myec+na nyno, n+o6r o+ne+n+r na nero nec+no: mr ne snaem,
kakon mnp cam no ce6e. Knr nncan o6 .+om:
<c+p. 97>
Ecnn mr ne cosam n ce6 kakym-nn6o kap+nny mnpa, mr ne moem ynne+r n
camnx ce6nepnoe o+paenne .+on kap+nnr. Mr moem ynne+r ce6 +onrko
o+pannrmn n namen kap+nne mnpa. [10]
Mnp cymec+nye+ ne +onrko cam no ce6e, no n +aknm, kaknm on npec+anne+c mne.
Honc+nne, na camon rny6nne y nac ne+ a6conm+no nnkakoro kpn+epn, ko+oprn nomor
6r nam cyn+r o mnpe, ne ycnoennom cy6rek+om. ...Hepeonennna cnom cnoco6noc+r
o6rek+nnnoro mrmnenn, mr npene6peraem nanoc+rm cy6rek+nnnoro qak+opa, a
.+o npoc+o osnanae+ o+pnnanne cy6rek+a. Ho n+o e +akoe .+o+ cy6rek+? Cy6rek+
.+o cam nenonek mr .+o n ec+r cy6rek+. Tonrko 6onrnon ym cnoco6en sa6r+r, n+o
mrmnenne npenonarae+ nannnne cy6rek+a, n n+o ne moe+ 6r+r nnkakoro snann n
nnkakoro non+n o mnpe, noka ne nponsneceno snam, xo+ n .+om y+nepennn
ye nrpaena cy6rek+nnna orpannnennoc+r nckoro snann. [11]

Ennc+nennoe, n+o mono y+nepa+r c ynepennoc+rm, .+o +o, n+o yannsm
xapak+epnsye+ nam, sananrn cnoco6 nocnpn+n mnpa n mrmnenn. Takona kap+nna mnpa,
pncyema nnc+rm nn+ennek+om, ko+oprn nnn+ ce6 n nen o6oco6nennrm n npo+nnoc+omnm
cnoemy ma+epnanrnomy okpyennm, nknmna cno o6n+annme mosr n +eno.
Ocno6onnmncr +aknm o6pasom o+ 6pemenn n ncex orpannnennn +enecnoc+n,
nync+nennoc+n n cy6rek+nnnoc+n, nn+ennek+ nc+an na ny+r neykpo+nmo nnamnnnon n
nonc+nne nnnem ne orpannnennon ak+nnnoc+n. Ero oc+nenn n cqepe sananon naykn,
+exnnkn, connanrnon npo6nema+nkn nopasn+enrnre n yc+pamammne xopomo nsnec+nr.
Ho cy6rek+ ne 6ecc+pac+nrn po6o+, cnoco6nrn +onrko mrcnn+r, cosana+r +eopnn
n nonnoma+r nx. On +ake omymae+, nync+nye+, npoxon+ nepes pasnnnnre .monnonanrnre
coc+onn n konqnnk+r, ncnr+rnae+ nnesannre npospenn n ncnrmkn nn+ynnnn, nrnyen
cnn+a+rc co cnonmn nnc+nnk+amn n nnenennmn. B nonr+ke na6poca+r kap+y
nenoneneckoro ncnxe, Knr nrennn ne+rpe ocnonnre qynknnn, c+omne nonapno n onnosnnnn
pyr k pyry. Ony napy o6pasym+ mrmnenne n nync+nonanne, pyrym omymenne n
nn+ynnn. hm6a ns .+nx ne+rpx qynknnn moe+ ns+r na ce6 omnnnpymmym ponr,
noann npo+nnoc+omym en n 6ep ce6e n comsnnkn +y nnn nnym ns n+opon napr qynknnn.
Ecnn 6r mrcnn+enrna qynknn ne pasnnnanacr n sananom mnpe c+onr onoc+oponne n ne
ysypnnponana mec+o nrcmero an+opn+e+a, nama kap+nna mnpa 6rna 6r concem pyron. Pasym
.+o nc+nnnoe 6oec+no sananon nnnnnnsannn, nr nc+opn npo-
<c+p. 98>
onn+enrnee, y6eenn +npe, ocnonann rny6e, npeenr mnpe, nem y nm6on nennkon
pennrnn.
Mr ne snaem n ena nn kora-nn6o ysnaem, kak n nonemy sananrn mnp nc+an na +akon
ny+r pasnn+n. Ceprsnre ynnre n mrcnn+enn mano nn+epecym+c noo6nrmn nonpocamn.
Kc+nep nonr+anc npocnen+r rnannre nonopo+r .+oro onroro ny+n, na ko+opom
nn+ennek+ c+an cnanana rnannrm nnc+pymen+om nepr, sa+em cam 6rn o6oec+nnn n, nakonen,
c+an e rnannrm npo+nnnnkom. 3+o+ ny+r o+menam+ me+amopqosr, anmne nam cnono
+eopn.

3+o cnono nponcxon+ o+ theorio nnnma+r, cosepna+r (thea: spennme,
theoris: spn+enr, ayn+opn). Ho n opqnneckom kynr+e theoria o6osnanana coc+onne
c+pac+noro pennrnosnoro cosepnann, n ko+opom spn+enr o+oec+nne+c co
c+paammnm 6orom, ymnpae+ ero cmep+rm n nospoae+c nmec+e c nnm. Kora
nnqaropennr npeo6pasnnn pennrnosnrn nrn n nrn nn+ennek+yanrnrn, a .kc+as
pn+yana n .kc+as o+kpr+n, theoria noc+enenno npno6pena conpemennrn cmrcn. Ho
xo+ pn+yanrnre nonnn yc+ynnnn mec+o nosrnacam .npnka! nonrx +eope+nkon, onn
em o+anann ce6e o+ne+ n +om, n+o nx nc+onnnk onn n +o+ e. Onn nonnmann, n+o
cnmnonr mnqonornn n cnmnonr ma+ema+nkn .+o nnmr pasnre acnek+r onon n +on
e neennmon Peanrnoc+n. Onn eme ne o6n+ann n pasenennom ome nepr n pasyma...
3+o coc+onne yma onenr +pyno noo6pasn+r nenoneky nana+oro neka, emy +pyno
ae nonepn+r, n+o ono 6rno nosmono... Tak npoonanocr neonro. B npeenax
nemnornx c+one+nn cosnanne .+oro ennc+na nomepkno, n ny+n pennrnosnon n
pannonanrnon mrcnn pasomnncr. [12]

Onako saonro o +oro, kak om nepr n pasyma packononc, ecnn ne na sape
sananon nnnnnnsannn, 6rno yc+anonneno npenocxoc+no nn+ennek+a n a6c+pak+noro
mrmnenn na nocnpn+nem n nync+nennrm onr+om. Mysrka, napy c ac+ponomnen n
ma+ema+nkon, cnn+anacr nc+onnnkom .so+epnneckoro snann n yxonnon cnnr, nponnennem
Fapmonnn Cqep, o+kponennem o cymnoc+n Peanrnoro.
Brno 6r, onako, omn6kon nonara+r, n+o mysrka nonnmanacr +ora +ak e, kak ona
nonnmae+c +enepr. Hc+nna saknmnanacr ne n snyke, a n rapmonnn n nncnax n nncnonrx
o+nomennx, o+paammnx ynnnepcanrnre sakonr n kon+ponnpymmnx snyk, neo6xonmrn
+onrko n +oro, n+o6r cena+r nennym rapmonnm oc+ynnon rpy6rm nync+nam npoc+rx
cmep+nrx. Ho ae +ak nonnmaema ona nomemanacr, kak cnne+enrc+nye+ Bo.nnn, n nnsmen
o6nac+n Musica Instrumentalis, +ora kak cpenmm o6nac+r sann-
<c+p. 99>
mana Musica Humana ynpannnma rapmonnen +ena n ymn, a nrcmym Musica Mundana
cama Bcenencka Fapmonn. Hepna nmenonanacr instrumentalis ne no+omy, n+o
npenasnananacr n ncnonnenn mysrkanrnrmn nnc+pymen+amn, a no+omy, n+o n nen nnenn
nnc+pymen+ nosenc+nn na o6mec+nennym mopanr n coo+ne+c+nnn c an+nnnrm ynennem o6
.+oce mysrkanrnrx naon. Ho cymnoc+r ncex +px poon mysrkn oc+ananacr neoc+ynnon
cnyxy: ona 6rna o6pamena k nn+ennek+y n noc+nnma +onrko nm.
He+pyno non+r, nonemy sakonr, nopok n qopmr sananon mysrkn okasanncr n
+akon cnnrnon sanncnmoc+n o+ cnmennrx nncen n o+nomennn, ko+opre, n cnom oneper,
onnr 6rnn nrpaa+rc +onnrmn nckpe+nrmn nennnnnamn, ronop konkpe+nee, nenrmn
nncnamn n nx o+nomennmn, na ko+oprx ocnonana nc nnqaropencka ma+ema+nka. Becr ne
o6omnocr 6es npn+nopc+na n nk+a+ypr: nnqaropennr snann o cymec+nonannn
nppannonanrnrx nncen, no nx cymec+nonanne, 6pocanmee +enr na conepmenc+no nx
ma+ema+nneckn +onnoro ynnnepcyma, 6rno o6rnneno +annon, pasrnamenne ko+opon rposnno
o+c+ynnnky cmep+rm. Hnqaropenckne nccneonann npnpor snyka n nrnnennre na .+om
ny+n sakona akyc+nkn no+nepann nc+nnr, o6r+re ny+m nn+ennek+yanrnoro cosepnann
nncen. Ha onrne neka apnqme+nka 6rna cenana nrcmnm an+opn+e+om n yc+anonnennn
+onnrx nn+epnanon, snykopon, c+po n +emnepannn. Co npemenem e nnac+r
pacnpoc+pannnacr na nn+enrnoc+n n nx o+nomenn, a sa+em n na pyrne acnek+r
mysrkanrnon qopmr. Mnoroo6pasnre qopmr, nrneennre na ocnone npnnnnnon ma+ema+nkn
n reome+pnn, c+ann onpeen+r pn+m, qpasnponky,, oprannsannm nac+en nny+pn nac+en n
nenoro, ann nanano non+nm nepnonnnoc+n, non+opnoc+n, nponopnnn n cnmme+pnn.
dopma pennee non+ne c a6c+pak+nrmn n ynnnepcanrnrmn konno+annmn.
Hpnmenn+enrno k mysrke n n cnennqnneckn mysrkanrnom cmrcne ono c+ano yno+pe6n+rc
cpannn+enrno nosno. Mr naxonm ero ne panee XIII neka n +ak nasrnaemrx formes fixes
+nprx qopmax, npenncrnanmnx onpeennnrn nopok n c+nxax n mysrke qpannyscknx
6anna, nnpene n pono. Oco6enno npnmena+enen n .+om nonmec+ne ynop na qnkcnponan-
noc+r: npnnnnnr, ko+opre panee noepnnann nopok n mysrke, ne nmemnnacr n e
cno6onoe +enenne, nanann +nepe+r, kpnc+annnsona+rc, npenpama+rc n kapkac,
onpeenmmnn kon+ypr konkpe+nrx mysrkanrnrx connnennn.
B nepno pacnne+a nennkoro kon+panynk+nneckoro nckycc+na onn qopmanrnre
npnnnnnr nopoann pyrne, pasmnoanncr n
<c+p. 100>
kpnc+annnsonanncr n nsompnnrx, nenoo6pasnmo cnonrx c+pyk+ypax, ko+opre, onako,
6rnn ynnkanrnrmn n noka em anknmn o+ c+anap+nsannn. Hmenno .+o enae+ noc+nenne
qopm cpenenekonon n peneccancnon nonnqonnn c+onr +pynrm enom. Komnosn+opr
npenonn+ann ckprna+r cekpe+r cnoen +exnnkn, n nrnemnne +eope+nkn ne ncera +onno
snam+, n+o nmenno cneye+ ncka+r n nx connnennx, n kak nx anannsnpona+r. Mono npnn+r
na nepy cnona Kyp+a Bakca, y+nepammero, n+o

ro+nnecka mysrka paccnn+rnanacr n konc+pynponanacr n camom nrcokom cmrcne
.+oro cnona+onno +ak e, kak paccnn+rnanncr ro+nneckne co6opr, qopmr
ko+oprx onnr 6rnn cena+r nnon nx konc+pyknnm o+ qynamen+a o konnnka
mnnn. [13]

Mnc+nnecknn +anen nncen n nncnonrx o+nomennn nnkora ne npekpamanc n ymax
sananrx mysrkan+on. C camoro nanana .+o 6rno nen+o nensmepnmo 6onee nanoe n
cymec+nennoe, nem 6eccosna+enrnre ynpanenn ymn n ma+ema+nke, kak hen6nnn
onpeennn mysrky. Hncno 6rno cnmnonom nepr, kynr+om, nc+onnnkom 6naroronenn ae
ecnn ero npak+nneckoe npnnoenne cnonnocr k kon+ponm na nn+epnanamn.
C poennem camon pannen nonnqonnneckon qopmr, opranyma, n nneennem
mensypanrnoc+n ( mensurabilis musica) n nanane XIII neka nnac+r cnmennon ma+ema+nkn c+ana
kpy+o nospac+a+r. Paccnn+rna cnon nonnqonnneckne co6opr, komnosn+opr XIV-XVI
nekon y+nnnsnponann nce ma+ema+nneckne nosnann, kaknmn +onrko o6naann. Hapy c
o+nomennmn nenrx nncen, onn ncnonrsonann rapmonnneckne, apnqme+nneckne n
reome+pnneckne nporpeccnn, nponopnnn ncenosmonrx nnon, pr dn6onannn n nx
nponsnonre, nncnonre kor 6ykn, nxomnx n cnmennre nmena nnn qpasr. Hsnnenr
c+pyk+ypnre npnnnnnr ns +aknx komnosnnnn namnoro +pynee, nem ocnonnre cepnn ns
kakoro-nn6o +o+anrno cepnannsonannoro connnenn Bynesa.
Ona ns nonr+ok +akoro poa nokasana, n nac+noc+n, n+o n rpynne mecc Fnnoma
mqan nponopnnn mey nncnom cemn6penncon n kanonnnecknx ceknnx n +onnoc+n
connaam+ c nnqaropencknmn o+nomennmn, n n+o no menrmen mepe n onon mecce +o+ e
na6op o+nomennn onpeene+ nn+epnanr mey +onamn kan+yca qnpmyca. 3+o nanon+ nac
na mrcnr, nnme+ +eope+nk, n+o komnosn+op, nosmono, nrnen necr nnan connnenn ns
nrco+ nananrnoro kan+yca qnpmyca, n npoonae+:
<c+p. 101>
3+o+ npnmep sac+anne+ npenonon+r, n+o nponecc komnosnnnn nananc c
yc+anonnenn o6men qopmr n e nac+en na ocnone nnqaropencknx o+nomennn em
o +oro, kak eno omno o nrco+ n pn+mon... Takon o6mnn pncynok mysrkanrnon
komnosnnnn, conepmenno nesanncnmo o+ ero nnemnero cno nrco+ n pn+mon,
nepo+no, coc+annn oprannneckym nac+r ero cmrcna. [14]

Pasnn+nm komnosnnnonnon +exnnkn ma+ema+nneckn nrneennrx c+pyk+yp
cnoco6c+nonano nneenne n konne XII neka cnc+emr moanrnoro pn+ma, o ko+opom Bnnnn
Anenr nnme+ cneymmee:

nnnnre nenn no+ ynnyma, nenmnec n nepno mkonr Cen-Mapnnana n
cno6onom +ekynem pn+me,., +enepr 6rnn nonnnenr n nrcmen c+enenn c+komy
pn+my, ko+oprn xapak+epnsonanc npannnrnrm nepeonannem onrnx n kopo+knx no+.
Ecnn panrme cornaconanne nap+nn (ynnyma n +enopa) no nep+nkann oc+nranocr na
ocnone nsanmononnmann mey nennamn n koopnnannn, +o +enepr ono
ocnonrnanocr na c+porom me+pe. [15]

Hepeonanne onrnx (nonra-L) n kopo+knx (6pennc-B) no+ n pn+mnneckon rpynne
onpeennocr onnm ns mec+n pn+mnnecknx moycon, o6pasy ce+ky non+opmmenc
pn+mnneckon qopmynr mnkpoqopmy, ko+opa nnepnre n nc+opnn nanaranacr na
nesanncnmre ronoca kak nnemnnn ncnnnnnnnpymmnn qak+op. enc+nne ero ne ymepnocr, no
nnmr ycnonnocr +em o6c+o+enrc+nom, n+o karn ns moycon mor ncnonrsona+rc kak n
conepmennon (+epnapnon, perfectio), +ak n n neconepmennon (6nnapnon, imperfectio) qopme.
Conepmenna qopma, npenonaranma o6sa+enrnym +ponnnoc+r mysrkanrnon c+onr,
o6ocnonrnanacr ccrnkon na cn+ym Tponny. B pesynr+a+e neconepmenna nonra (2)
okasrnanacr nnora +on e nn+enrnoc+n, n+o n 6pennc-altera, ko+oprn, n cnom oneper, 6rn
nnoe nnnnee 6pennca-recta. Eec+r ocnonnrx (neconepmennrx) pn+mnnecknx moycon
ononnnncr, +aknm o6pasom, mec+rm nponsnonrmn (conepmennrmn)

1. LB 2, 1 2. BL 2, 3 3. LBB 3, 1, 2
4. BBL 1, 2, 3 5. LL 3, 3 6. BBB 1, 1, 1

anrnenmne nonmec+na, cnsannre co c+nnem XIV neka Ars Nova, cenann
pn+mnneckym oprannsannm em 6onee nsompnnon n c+poron. Heconepmennrm 6nnapnrm
pn+mam, panee epanmnmc n +enn, 6rnn aponanr pannre npana c conepmennrmn. He
neorpannnennon ennmoc+n nn+enrnoc+en nonynnna mnpokoe pac-
<c+p. 102>
npoc+panenne. nnenne nonnqonnnecknx ronocon o6peno 6ecnpnmepnym nnoc+r, no nmec+e
c +em c+ano 6onee mexannnecknm. Hepkonr, nnenma n .+nx nonmec+nax yrposy yxonnon
mysrke, 6esycnemno nr+anacr orpannnn+r nx kanonamn, yc+anonnennrmn B+oprm hnoncknm
co6opom (1274), no n nonneka cnyc+ nana Hoann XXII 6rn nrnyen nsa+r rnennrn .nk+, n
ko+opom o6nnnan mysrkan+on Ars Nova n +om, n+o onn py6+ menonn roke+amn... +ak n+o
ronoca 6ecnoponno 6eram+ nnepx n nnns, o+pann cnyx, nmec+o +oro, n+o6r y+nma+r ero,
nckaam+ nrpasn+enrnoc+r n cmymam+ 6naronec+nnoe nac+poenne nnmec+o +oro, n+o6r
nnyma+r ero. [16]
Hemrcnnmo cnona cnc+ema modus-tempus-prolatio, nnenna n XV neke, nosnonna
cone+a+r 6penncr n cemn6penncr kak n conepmennon, +ak n n neconepmennon qopme,
pesynr+a+om nero nnnacr cnoeo6pasna nonnqonn pn+mnnecknx moycon. Enpokoe
npnmenenne cnnkon, ymenrmennn n ynennnennn, mennsma+nkn, roke+on, kanonon n pyrnx
npnmon, xapak+epnrx n nepnoa pacnne+a kon+panynk+nneckoro nckycc+na, enano
c+pyk+ypnrn oc+on connnenn nepacnosnanaemrm. H nc e npemenna oprannsann mysrkn
6rna em oc+a+onno mrkon n rn6kon. Hama no+ann ocnonana na mexannneckom cn+e,
mensypanrnoe nncrmo 6rno qynknnonanrnrm, nonpknnae+ Kyp+ Bakc. [17]
Ero samenanne kacae+c +ake morymec+nennoro qak+opa, ponr ko+oporo n
y+nepennn npnnnnna qopmr n mysrkanrnom mrmnennn nac+o neoonennnae+c,
mysrkanrnon no+annn. Mysrka, onekaema Pnmckon Ka+onnneckon nepkonrm, onna 6rna
o6naa+r cnnrnrm nmmynn+e+om npo+nn nosmonrx o+c+ynnennn o+ kanona n nckaennn,
onacnoc+r ko+oprx nospac+ana no mepe pacnpoc+panenn nnac+n Hepknn n c+panax Enponr.
dnkcnponanne e n nncrmennon qopme c+ano nacymnon neo6xonmoc+rm. Kak onncrnae+
Bnnnn Anenr,

Ha ncm npo+ennn nenana+oro; +pnnana+oro n ne+rpnana+oro nekon +exnnka
no+annn naxonnacr n +ekynem coc+onnn n 6rc+pre nsmenenn n nen o+paann n
c+nmynnponann pasnn+ne mysrkanrnoro c+nn, ko+opoe nponcxonno n ocnonnom n
o6nac+n pn+ma. 3+o+ nponecc, ko+oprn nen o+ a6conm+no cno6onoro, ne snanmero
pasmepon pn+ma opranyma XII neka nepes c+koe ennoo6pasne moanrnrx me+pon
XIII neka k nenoo6pasnmrm pn+mnnecknm cnonoc+m konna XIV neka, cosanan
nenpeprnnym nepey no+annonnrx npo6nem. Kak +onrko ona paspemanacr,
nosnnkana pyra, n pasnn+ne nc+ynano n nonym qasy. C onnrmn oronopkamn
nn+a+enm npenarae+c cneymma knaccnqnkann:

<c+p. 103>
1. Hpnmn+nnna no+ann (IXXIII nn.)
2. Knapa+na no+ann (konen XII - nanano XIII nn.)
3. o-qpankoncka no+ann (cepenna XIII n.)
4. dpankoncka no+ann (2- nononnna XIII n.)
5. dpannyscka no+ann (npnmepno 1300-1450)
6. H+anrncka no+ann (cepenna XIV n.)
7. Cmemanna no+ann (konen XIV n.)
8. Manrepnc+cka no+ann (konen XIV n nanana XV nn.). [18]

Tak nasrnaema npnmn+nnna, +o ec+r nenma+nnecka no+ann, npnsnanna nnmr
nanomnna+r nennam xopomo ycnoennoe, yc+ynnna mec+o no+annm, ko+opre mornn
ncnonrsona+rc n o6ynenn, komnosnnnn n ncnonnenn. Bckope, onako, n .+a npak+nnecka
nenr oc+anacr nosan:

K konny XIV c+one+n .nonmnn no+annn nc+ynnna n c+anm 6ecnpnmepnon
ycnonnnoc+n n nsompnnoc+n. Bonee ne ononrc+nonanmnec pn+mnnecknmn
+onkoc+mn Ars Nova, mysrkan+r nanann nsmrmn+r ronononomnre pn+mnneckne
+pmkn n sany+annre cnoco6r nx sanncn. B .+o+ nepno mysrkanrna no+ann nrmna
ns cnonx ec+ec+nennrx rpannn n ns cnyankn mysrkn npenpa+nnacr n e rocnoy,
c+an camonenrm n apenon y+onnnno nn+ennek+yanrnrx ynpanennn. [19]

Hannna c +oro npemenn, no+ann cnynna .qqek+nnnrm cpec+nom
konc+pynponann mysrkanrnon qopmr, pasnnnacr n nanpannennn nc 6onrmen e+anrnoc+n,
+onnoc+n n onosnannoc+n ncnonnn+enrcknx nnc+pyknnn. B nponecce .+oro nenpeprnnoro
conepmenc+nonann no+na rpaqnka npno6pe+ana nc 6onee nanym ponr n kanec+ne
nocpennka mey nn+ennek+om n rnasom, ko+opre nk+onann cnom nonm snynannm n
sac+annnn cnyx npnnnma+r nnor nx conmec+non e+enrnoc+n.
B +ak nasrnaemon Augenmusik, mysrke n rnas XV-XVI nekon, nanpnmep,
nenanrnoe nac+poenne cnon nrpaanocr nocpec+nom ncnonrsonann npnrx no+ nmec+o
6enrx, n+o coo+ne+c+nenno no+annonnrm npannnam npemenn nnekno sa co6on cmeny
6nnapnoro pn+ma +ponnnrm. Heckonrko nose, c pasnn+nem mysrkanrnon cnmnonnkn,
komnosn+opr ynneknncr nonckamn snykonrx .knnnanen+on a6c+pak+nrx non+nn: nocxomee
nnn nncxomee nnenne ronocon npn nonnennn cnon nnepx nnn nnns naxonno cno
onpananne n nnsyanrnom o6pase no+nponannoro pa no+, anennnponanmem ne c+onrko k
cnyxy, ckonrko k nn+ennek+y.
Hopon rpaqnneckn npnnneka+enrnrn n nn+pnrymmnn no+nrn +ekc+ nennnc kak
+akonon, a ero ncnonnenne cnn+anocr ncero nnmr
<c+p. 104>
ononnn+enrnon, xo+ n neo6sa+enrnon nosmonoc+rm. Kak no npemena Hna+ona, ne
mysrkn nennnacr nrme e snynann. Ona ns nepmnn +nopneckoro yxa Banaa 6axonckoe
Hckycc+no qyrn, ne coepamee nnkaknx ykasannn na ncnonnn+enrckne cpec+na,
emonc+pnpye+ +opec+no nn+ennek+yanrnon konc+pyknnn npn 6espasnnnnn k cnonc+nam
snykonoro ma+epnana.
B name npem mysrka cnn+ae+c nckycc+nom n npenoae+c n ynnnepcn+e+cknx
Ekonax nckycc+n. Onako n cpenenekonrx n peneccancnrx ynnnepcn+e+ax onn nxonna ne n
Trivium nckycc+n, a n Quadrivium ma+ema+nnecknx nayk napy c ac+ponomnen,
apnqme+nkon n reome+pnen. Ona npec+annna scientia snanne, a ne art nckymennoc+r n
mac+epc+ne n ero emonc+pannn. E onpeennn kak nckycc+no nnn nayky ncnncnennrx
snykon, nonnmaemrx n cne+e rapmonnn (Horannec Fpoxeo, ok.1300), nayky nccneonann n
pasnnnenn peanrnoc+en coo+ne+c+nenno nx rapmonnnecknm nponopnnm (3nrenr6ep+
Amon+cknn, 1250-1331), nayky conepmenc+nonann ymn nocpec+nom snann
rapmonnneckoro ynoponnnann nm6rx peanrnoc+en (Bko6yc hrecknn, ok.1330) n +ak
anee.
Mysrka kak nayka npnnaneana k nennomy, n sa6o+r npemennoro xapak+epa e ne
+penonnn. 3+o+ nsrn n nrsnan pasmeenanne n npoqeccnn mysrkan+a, ko+opoe o6rcnn
+eope+nk XV neka dpanknnyc Faqypnyc:

Hasnanenne nncen... nme+r eno co snykamn coo+ne+c+nenno nx nocneonannm no
npemenn... no-nepnrx, c pasmemennem snykon n konconan+nrx nn+epnanax n+o
nne+c enom +eope+nka; no- n+oprx, c npemennrm kanec+nom .+nx snykon,
coo+ne+c+nenno ncnncnennrm nn+enrnoc+m no+, n+o nne+c enom ak+nnnon
nnn npak+nneckon ncnnnnnnr. [20]

Henepexonma rpanr nponerna mey mysrkanrnrmn ynnrmn n npak+nnecknmn
mysrkan+amn; nepnre nmenonanncr mysnkycamn, n+opre kan+opamn. Tak nasrnaemrn
Anonnm XI ce+onan n XV neke:

Ynr, mano mysnkycon mono nan+n n name npem, no mnoec+no kan+opon.
Mysnkyc nonynae+ cnoe nm o+ mysrkn. Toro, k+o noe+ nrynennoe, npannnrnee
nasrna+r kan+opom, no+omy n+o mysnkyc ncera ne+ npannnrnrm ny+em, ncxo ns
snann, +ora kak kan+op nnora okasrnae+c na npannnrnom ny+n +onrko n cnny
npnnrnkn. Kan+opa nynme ncero ynoo6n+r nrnomy, cymenmemy kak-+o nan+n ny+r
omon, no ne neammemy, kaknmn ynnnamn on men. ae menrnnnnrn epnon nnora
nsae+ mysrkanrnrn snyk, no on ne neae+, n+o +nopn+. [20]

<c+p. 105>
I-/05J
Oc+annn mysrkanrnym +pannnm, +ak nrcoko nenmym ynnrx mysnkycon n +ak
nnsko npak+nkon-kan+opon, mr okasrnaemc n conepmenno nnom mnpe. Bo+, nanpnmep, kak
onncrnae+c nponcxoenne 6apa6anon n pn+mon n Ha+rmac+pac co6pannn nnc+pyknnn
n nnnncknx mac+epon +anna, nan+omnmr, nenn n pama+nneckoro enc+nn:

Hpepnan cnon pasmrmnenn n ceson oen, Cna+n onar o+npannnc k osepy,
n+o6r na6pa+r nor. Kora e on 6rn +am, Hakamacana [Hnpa], nacnan nennkne
nnnnn, c+an npenpama+r mnp n onn orpomnrn okean. Tora na .+om osepe no+okn
nor, noronemre ne+pom, c cnnon yapnn no nnc+rm no+oca, nponsno
o+n+nnnre snykn. Ycnrman nnesanno .+n snykn, mypen nonnnnc nm n
nnnma+enrno ncnymanc. O6napynn, n+o nrcokne, cpenne n nnskne snykn,
nsanaemre nnc+rmn no+oca, rny6okn, cnaoc+nr n nocxn+n+enrnr, on nepnync n
cnom xnnny. H, nepnynmncr +ya, on noc+ponn mpanrn, a sa+em nyckapr, nananr n
apypr. [21]

3+o onncanne nnon+ nac n nen+p conepmenno nnoro mysrkanrnoro ynnnepcyma. Becr
mysrka poae+c ne ns a6c+pak+non nen, a ns konkpe+noro snynann. K snyky secr
o+noc+c ne kak k neo6xonmomy, no nn+ennek+yanrno manonennomy ma+epnany, no kak k
nc+onnnky rny6oknx, cnaoc+nrx n nocxn+n+enrnrx nepennannn. On nrc+ynae+ ne kak
npononnk +pancnenen+anrnrx nc+nn, a kak ronoc camon Hpnpor, nocnymannrn y ne n
nocnponsnonmrn nocpec+nom nmn+annn. C camoro nanana on neo+ennm o+ pn+ma, ko+oprn
ne nrnon+c ns nncen, no +anno npncym npnpoe nemen, ona noka nenonek ny+knm cnyxom
o6napyn+ ero n nknmnn+c n nero n paoc+nom nsymnennn n nocxnmennn. O+kprn n ce6
.+o+ npnponrn snyk n pn+m, nenonek c+pemn+c nopaa+r nm, n cosanne mysrkanrnrx
nnc+pymen+on npemec+nye+ co6c+nenno mysrke, a ne npenpnnnmae+c n o+ne+ na
no+pe6noc+r n snykonrx cpec+nax, ko+opre nosnonnnn 6r ma+epnannsona+r nnc+ym nem n
onec+n e o pyrnx nmen. 3+o ronoc camon Peanrnoc+n, ycnrmannrn n nocnponsnonmrn
nenonekom, a ne nepeno nennon Fapmonnn na srk, oc+ynnrn qnsnneckomy cnyxy. H kora
Cna+n nnepnre nsnnk ronoc ns cosannrx nm 6apa6anon, on, nepo+no, +ak e ne nean, n+o
+nopnn, kak 6enre kan+opr na Banae.
<c+p. 106>
On ,-44-@/+,+5 >-/05J, a ne ,-75-O+5 Q-.>B. Hnnncknn mysrkan+-cyqn+ +ak
o6rcne+ pasnnny mey sananrm n noc+onnrm nsrnamn na qopmy n nopok n mysrke:

Ym sananoro nenoneka o6ynen 6r+r npee ncero kpn+nnecknm. Kpn+nneckn
nac+poennrn ym onen pacnonara+r na6opom snakomrx emy qopm. Ecnn .+oro ne+,
on ne n coc+onnn nan+n mepky, nocpec+nom ko+opon on mor 6r nrnec+n
kpn+nneckoe cyenne n nocnpnnnma+r, n +epe+c n pasnepsammenc nepe nnm
nyc+o+e...
Mr, cyqn+r, nepnm, n+o nc +nopenne ec+r snyk, n n+o nc n mnpe cosa+c +onom
n pn+mom. Karn ma+epnanrnrn npeme+ ne +onrko nsa+ snyk, no n cam cosan
+onom n pn+mom...
Kaoe enc+nne o6naae+ co6c+nennrm snynannem snynannem no+nepae+c
ero cymec+nonanne. Bnyk ec+r nsnr nsnn. Bnynanne cnon oc+a+c n
npoc+panc+ne onroe npem nocne nx nponsnecenn n moe+ 6r+r ynonneno
y+onnnnrmn nync+namn. Henrckasannre mrcnn n nync+na +oe snyna+, n snynann
ckasannrx cnon n nenrckasannrx mrcnen n nync+n okpyam+ nenoneka, cosam+
a+mocqepy n noccosam+c n mrcnn, nync+nonannn n penn. Bce .+n snykn oc+ynnr
ny+komy yxy n ae cnrma+c kak +e snykn, na ko+oprx o6rnno oc+anannnnae+c
nnnmanne nenoneka. Ho.+omy nepes snanne n nocnpn+ne snyka mr moem nponnkny+r
n +anny namnx co6c+nennrx mrcnen n nync+n. [22]

Henonek Banaa ckopee ncero con++ +akon c+pon mrcnn c+pannrm, qan+ac+nnnrm
npoyk+om nyon cnc+emr neponannn, ecnn ne cyenepnn. 3+o+ c+pon mrcnn kopenn+c n
kynr+ype, pemn+enrno o+nnnammenc o+ sananon, n kynr+ype, ocnonannon na ne-
yannc+nneckom nocnpn+nn mnpa. Mnp, kak ero nn+ n n ko+opom nny+ nocn+enn +akon
kynr+ypr, ne npne+ cnon cokponennre +annr n nenoc+nnmrx +pancnenen+anrnrx
cymnoc+x, no noc+onno o+kprnae+ nepe nenonekom nosmonoc+r nenocpec+nennoro
npno6menn k .+nm +annam n nx noc+nenn. B .+om mnpe nen ne cymec+nym+ o+enrno o+
qenomenon, a cy6rek+ neo+ennm o+ o6rek+a, no+omy n+o nc saknmnnnoe n nennkom
Ennc+ne moe+ 6r+r noc+nrny+o nocpec+nom 6eckonenno y+onnaemon ny+koc+n n
nocnpnnmnnnoc+n nync+n. Hync+na o6pamenr kak nonne, +ak n nonny+pr, n nx
conepmenc+nonanne ne+ nenoneka no ny+n camonosnann, neo+nnnnmoro o+ nosnann
okpyammero mnpa.

Bnanne n morymec+no +akoro nenoneka mory+ c+a+r neo6r+nrmn, no+omy n+o on
noc+enenno o+oec+nne+c c nnrmn npeme+amn nokpyr ce6. ...3+o
o+oec+nnenne c npeme+om poae+ ncenponnkammym cnmna+nm, ko+opa
ennc+nenna enae+ ec+ec+nennrn nopok nsnn oc+ynnrm nocnpn+nm n a+
snanne ec+ec+nennrx sakonon...
<c+p. 107>
Bc ckpr+oe packprnae+c nepe nnm, n n konne konnon on ncnr+rnae+
onomomen+noe cnnnne c nny+pennen n nnemnen nsnrm... Cymec+nye+ snanne,
nomnmo +oro, ko+opoe konneknnonnpye+ nam nenonenecknn pasym. Hosan nmn n
qopm nemen ec+r mnoroe, n+o nam em nanen+ ysna+r. [23]

n sananoro pasyma nmena .+o nesamennmre nnc+pymen+r nosnann. Cornacno
o6memy nonepnm, nmena npnnanea+ o+enrnrm peanrnoc+m, n cpenenekonre
nomnnannc+r nr+anncr, mannnynnpy nmenamn, nosnana+r 6onee cnonre acnek+r
peanrnoc+n. Ha ene e nm ykasrnae+ ne na peanrnoc+r, a na coo+ne+c+nymmee en non+ne
nem, a6c+pak+noe o6osnanenne onpeennnoro knacca nnennn. Hmena po6+
nocnpnnnmaemrn mnp na +rcnn a6c+paknnn, ko+opre mory+ nc+yna+r n ocmrcnennre
cone+ann nnmr n pamkax em 6onee nrcoknx a6c+paknnn +eopnn, konnennnn, qopm,
kaa ns ko+oprx nnymae+ cnom kap+nny mnpa. 3+nmn konnen+yannsonannrmn mnpamn
mono mannnynnpona+r necrma .qqek+nnno. Bonnomnnre konnennnn c+anon+c cnnon,
cnoco6non qopmnpona+r ycnonn cymec+nonann nenoneka n npee ncero ero ym n
nocnpn+ne.
Bosmonoc+r noc+nenn mnpa n a6c+pak+nrx non+nx nsanna 6rna xopomo
nsnec+na noc+onnrm mrcnn+enm, onako ckonrko-nn6yr cymec+nennon npak+nneckon
peannsannn ona ne nonynnna: na cnom ny+n noc+nenn peanrnoc+n onn nonaranncr na nen n
ropaso menrmen c+enenn, nem na nenon+opnmoc+r npmoro nnnnoro onr+a. hao-nsr ynnn n V
neke o n...:

Cymec+nonanne npenrmae+ cnoco6noc+r cnon onpeen+r: non+n mory+
npnmen+rc, no nn ono ns nnx ne a6conm+no. B nanane ne6a n semnn cnon ne 6rno...
Bpo n nonepxnoc+r, n cymnoc+n, onnakonr, cnona sac+annm+ nne+r nx no-
pasnomy, o+paa nnmr nnena+nenne... Cymec+nonanne 6esrpannnno n neonpeennmo;
n xo+ ono moe+ kasa+rc nnmr kyckom epena, ns ko+oporo mono nrpesa+r nc,
n+o noenaemr, c nnm nenrs nonrpa+r 6esymno n o+6pocn+r. Kora npann+enn
cneonann Hy+n Xnsnn, npnpoa nomorana nm: ne6o n semn o6rennnnncr n
nnoonocnnn, Xnsnr 6rna cneec+rm o, ne nonnac+na nnnemy, cno6ona n
ncero. Ho npnmnn nmn kynr+ypr co cnonmn rpaannmn n pasnnnennmn, n kak
+onrko pasnnnn nanann nponon+rc, nnk+o ne snan, re nonon+r nm konen.
Pasymen +onrko +o+, k+o snae+, re konnam+c nce pasnnnn. Cymec+nonanne mono
ynoo6n+r mnoec+ny pek, nnaammnx n ono mope. [24]

Bpanrn nenonek +o+, k+o nnn+ npnspannoc+r cnon n peanrnoc+r kycka epena,
c+pemn+c k npeenrnomy Ennc+ny, a ne k rapmonnn n mnoroo6pasnn pasnnnnoro. n nero
npnpoa .+o o6pa-
<c+p. 108>
sen, ko+opomy on cneye+ ny+m nmn+annn n n ko+opom ny+m o+oec+nnenn o6pe+ae+
nenrnoc+r, npncymym ncemy nnomy. Hamn ankne npekn c ro+onnoc+rm npnnnn 6r .+y
nepy n neennmrn mnp, +annr ko+oporo oc+ynnr ny+knm nync+nam: 6n6nen cknn Moncen
cnrman ronoc Bora, ncxonnmnn ns ropmero kyc+a, nnqaropennr y+nepann, n+o
nocnmennrn cnoco6en ycnrma+r ryn rapmonnneckoro Kocmoca, a pennne rpekn cnn+ann
nenrm nckycc+na mimesis nmn+annm npnpor (ne, ko+opa nnocnec+nnn noneprnacr
rpy6omy nckaennm).
Kynr+ypr, c+onr pasnre n cnom nnennn mnpa, onnr o6naa+r c+onr e
necxonmn mysrkanrnrmn cnc+emamn n nc+opnnecknmn cyr6amn. Mnororpannoc+r n
6ora+c+no kaon ns nnx ncknmnam+ npoc+re n onosnannre xapak+epnc+nkn. O6mnn
kpn+epnn mono o6napyn+r +onrko na oc+a+onno nrcokom yponne a6c+paknnn, n +aknm
kpn+epnem nam nocnyn+ non+ne moenn.
Yc+onnnnoc+r, onronennoc+r pennnx mysrkanrnrx n nnrx +pannnn o6rcne+c
+em, n+o nx xpann+enn n npoona+enn ne c+pemnnncr nnon+r nonmec+na, no nanpo+nn,
nnenn cno npenasnanenne n +om, n+o6r cneona+r nynmnm o6pasnam, cymec+nymmnm o+
neka. B o+nnnne o+ qopmr, npnnnnnnanrno o+nnnnon n o+ coepann, n o+ nync+nennoro
ma+epnana, n ko+opom ona nonnomae+c, moenr n e nmn+ann onon npnpor n npnnanea+
onomy n +omy e ennomy mnpy. 3+y mrcnr nponon+ Kyp+ Bakc:

B kn+anckon mysrke ma+epn nen+o mnoro 6onrmee, nem cpec+no nponsnoc+na
snyka. Hoo6no +eny n yme, ma+epnan n ero snynanne .+o mannqec+annn ennoro
qenomena. [25]

denomen, nnennrn ma+epnanom n snynannem, .+o +a cnna, ko+opa npann+ mnpom n
noepnnae+ n nm pannonecne. Kak pacckasrnae+ yn+ Bekkep,

Fonrn n nx cosa+enn o6naam+ n mro-noc+onnon Asnn cnepxrec+ec+nennrm
snanennem. Bnyk ronra .+o ne akyc+nneckoe nnenne, o6rcnnmoe kone6annmn
nac+nn nosyxa, no ronoc. Hespnmre cnnr ronop+ ronocamn ronron 6onee, nem
kaknmn-nn6o pyrnmn snynannmn. Bce cnnr, enc+nymmne nosan nnnmoro mnpa,
naxo+ cnoco6r o6pama+rc k nenoneky, n ronrn .+o nx nsnm6nennrn cnoco6. B
cnny .+oro oco6oro nasnanenn, ronrn nnymam+ nrcokoe non+enne n c+pax.
Ockop6nenne ronra npena+o onacnoc+rm. [26]

Cnepxrec+ec+nennoe ne nrxon+ sa npeenr npnpor: .+o nnmr e nennnmrn
acnek+. Ho nennnmoe n necnrmnoe moe+ c+a+r
<c+p. 109>
nnnmrm n cnrmnmrm: onr+, ko+oprn nasrnae+c theophany (6oronnenne) n na Banae
cnn+ae+c pekoc+nrm, ncknmnn+enrnrm nnennem, mnpoko nsnec+en n c+panax Boc+oka, xo+
n ne c+anonn+c o+ .+oro menrmnm nyom.
Boc+onnrn mysrkan+ ne ymae+, n+o .+o on nponsnon+ snykn n ncnonne+ mysrky c
nomomrm cnoero nnc+pymen+e nnn ronoca. H snynanne, n mysrka o6n+am+ n camom
nnc+pymen+e n ronoce n ne-kom pemnmmem necnrmnom coc+onnn, n mysrkan+ nnmr
npo6yae+ nx n enae+ cnrmnmrmn. Hecnrmnoe n cnrmnmoe pasenenr npnspannon
rpannnen, n momen+ e nepecenenn non+n neynonnm. Hpn nrpe na nepcnckon qnen+e 2Z;, ne
nmemmen cnnc+konoro yc+ponc+na, c+py nosyxa paccekae+c kpaem nnnnnpnneckon +py6kn,
nponsno xapak+epnrn mnnmnn qon; mysrkanrnrn snyk nosnnkae+ ns nero, cmemnnae+c c
nnm n cnona +one+ n nm. Mysrka kn+anckon nn+pr K32J npoonae+c ae n o+cy+c+nne
snynann:

3+o nnc+pymen+ qnnocoqon n mypenon. B +nmnne cnoero oma, n onnonec+ne
nnn n npncy+c+nnn nemnornx ns6pannrx pysen, nnnmammnx monna n 6naroronenno,
nema+epnanrnre snynann nnn nnm+ cnyma+enm +annre nc+nnr nsnn n
pennrnn. [27]

Mypen npenonn+ae+ nrpa+r na nnne n nonnom yennennn, +nxon nonrm, no6nnsoc+n
o+ pynr, npn nonnon nyne, nnora ae ne npnkacacr k c+pynam: cosepnanne necnrmnmon
mysrkn +ak cneonano 6r onnca+r ero enc+nn. Bakc nnme+

Focnoa Mapn m Bya P.nmon... nnme+ o nnne, na ko+opom n ceron nnkora ne
nrpam+ 6es nync+na non+enn n +opec+nennoc+n. Hpee nem cec+r c nn+pon,
pacckasrnae+ ona, mysrkan+ moe+ pykn n cnrae+ neckonrko 6narononnrx cnen,
no+omy n+o n npocnemnnoro kn+anna nrpa na nnne .+o ne npoc+o nckycc+no n
namem nonnmannn, no, ckopee, mnc+nnecknn, cnmennrn ak+, nocpec+nom ko+oporo
on moe+ npnsna+r cnepxrec+ec+nennoe cymec+no.
Pacckasrnam+ o Hene, ko+oprn nocne +pxne+nnx nonr+ok o+nonn cnom nn+py,
nsoxnyn n ckasan: "He +o n+o6r ne mor crrpa+r menonm. To, n+o n mom yme, ne
o+nocn+c k c+pynam, n ne o snykax ymam. Tonrko kora .+o oc+nrne+ moero
cepna, cmory nrpasn+r .+o npn nomomn nnc+pymen+a". [28]
3+o nc+nnno kn+anckoe, no ne +onrko kn+anckoe. B pyron nac+n cne+a, n
Knon Aqpnke, manrnnk ns nnemenn 6aponra onar nrpan na cnom nepno6r+nom
onoc+pynnom mysrkanrnom nyke. Bpyr on c saymnnnrm nnom c+an nocacrna+r
epeno cmrnka. "Banem +r enaemr .+o", cnpocnn y nero mnccnonep. H manrnnk
o+ne+nn: "H+o6r nosnonn+r +omy, n+o ronopm n cnom cepne, npockonrsny+r n
nnc+pymen+". [29]
<c+p. 110>
Becr npoc+ynae+ pyra +onka coennenn. Bnyk, ko+oprn +an+c n nnc+pymen+e nnn
ronoconrx cnskax nac+nnax ma+epnanrnon npnpor, +an+c +ake n rny6nnax cepna;
ronoc npnpor n ronoc cepna cnnnam+c, no+omy n+o, n konennom cn+e, .+o ne na
o6oco6nennre qenomena, a onn, ko+oprn n snynannn c+anonn+c oc+ynnrm nync+nam. 3+o+
nsrn nonnoc+rm connaae+ c nonnmannem snyka na Bne, sanmc+nonannrm nekamn panee ns
Hnnn:

Ec+r +o, n+o nmenye+c naa +o, n+o oc+ynno nenoneneckomy cnyxy. Ec+r
naa ko+opre nnenr, n +e, n+o nennenr... Hennenna naa nasrnae+c naa-
anaxa+a: .+o +on nny+pn cepna, snyk n monnannn. [30]

Pannonanrno nn+epnpe+npona+r noo6nre nosspenn ne no cnny nn sananomy
nn+ennek+y, nn sananrm srkam, konnen+yanrnre qnnr+pr ko+oprx cnnmkom yskn n
cnennqnnnr, a c+pyk+ypr cnnmkom ec+kn n xpynkn. Mr npnnrknn ronopn+r o nopke kak
o nem-+o a6c+pak+nom, o+nnnnom o+ nemen ynoponennrx n, n neko+opom cmrcne,
6espasnnnnom k nnm. Ho nopkom mr nonnmaem c+pyk+ypy cnsen n nsanmoenc+nnn mey
non+nmn, kaoe ns ko+oprx moe+ o+nocn+rc k +rcnam konkpe+nrx nemen n co6r+nn.
Kak e +ora moem mr non+r ym, n ko+oporo nopok n neennmom Ennom n nopok n
kaon konkpe+non nemn n nnennn +oec+nennr? Kak nonnma+r nopok, ennrn n pe n
na nonepxnoc+n, nceo6mnn n n +o e npem nac+nrn, noc+onnrn n nnkora ne non+opmmnn
ce6? Takon nopok nne+ kaa mnmone+na naa, rn6koc+r +ona n ero nny+pennnn
pn+m. On ne nansrnae+c snyky n ne nonrsye+c nm kak cpec+nom. 3+o+ nopok ec+r yma
snyka; nmec+e co snykom on o6naae+ cymnoc+r konkpe+nrx ma+epnanrnrx npeme+on n
cepne mysrkan+a, o6n+a n o6onx.
B sananon mysrke nopok npec+anne+c nnenpemennon onomomen+non
mrcnennon c+pyk+ypon, a npem nens6enrm ycnonnem ero osnynnnann. B o+nnnne o+
.+oro, ec+ec+nennrn nopok neo+ennm o+ npemenn: cnonamn hao-nsr, naprnponanne +onon
a+ ronocy mysrky. Mr onncrnaem pn+mnneckne konc+pyknnn kak konnnec+nennre
coo+nomenn. Ho cnc+emr *+5+ n Hnnn, 3A++* n apa6cknx c+panax, B4B5 n Hpane n Typnnn
conepmenno nnon npnpor n snanenn. Tam, re nenocnmnnomy na6nma+enm nn+c
ronre, a6cypno cnonre c+pyk+ypr, mec+nomy mysrkan+y o+kprnam+c nencnepnaemre
nsnennre peanrnoc+n. He cnynanno
<c+p. 111>
n mysrkan+r, n c+apnnnre +pak+a+r peko ynomnnam+ o nnx: .+n peanrnoc+n,
nocnpnnnmaemre nmn kak nen+o camo co6on pasymemmeec, cnmennr n, nomnmo ncero,
neoc+ynnr cnonecnrm onncannm. Onnm ns peknx ncknmnennn moe+ cnyn+r cneymmnn
o+prnok ns +ypenkoro +pak+a+a nanana XVIII neka, coc+annennoro mysrkan+om no nmenn
Apy+nn Tam6ypnc+:

Xanen. nnn casen. [nenen nnn nnc+pymen+annc+] nonrsye+c ynaennem n +on
mepe, n kakon on nponne+ nynk+yanrnoc+r k +pe6onannm ycyna+a... B 24 ycynax
o6o6menr onr+ n snann ncex nckycnrx mac+epon [mysrkn], mypenon, nsynanmnx
xapak+ep ncex cymnx npnpor n npnnemnx n cnc+emy pasnnnnre [+nnr] nnenn,
cnonc+nennre .+nm cymnm kak oymennnnrm, +ak n neoymennennrm, kak
nno+nrm, +ak n nmm, n ae 6nennm [nenoneneckoro] cepna... Hao ycnon+r
ycynr +ak, n+o6r cnoe onep+anne kaoro ns nnx nancera sanena+nenocr n
cosnannn...24 ycyna coo+ne+c+nym+ 24 nacam n n nonn. Kak yna+ namn mac+epa, onn
coepa+c n nenoneneckom +ene,., no+omy n+o nynrcannn cepna +ake menm+c 24
pasa o+ nepnoro o nana+r ne+np+oro naca... Kora nenonek nen+ nonynnon-
nonymp+nrn, noo6no srky nnamenn, ko+opoe +o yracae+ ns-sa neoc+a+ka macna, +o
nnonr ncnrxnnae+, ero cepne nynrcnpye+ n nnennn ycyna 3qep - ;
+ora kak cepne soponoro nenoneka nynrcnpye+ n nnennn ycyna Coqnn+ -
; a cepne 6onrnoro nnxopakon n ycyne 3pyk-Ceman
...Moemr cnpocn+r, a ne+ nn nmen, n [nonakn, penn] ko+oprx ne 6rn 6r
cnonc+nen ycyn noo6me? Takne nmn mory+, konenno, nan+ncr. Ho onn ne n+o nnoe,
kak o6n+a+enn omon n ymannmnnrx, ko+opre ronop+ nenenoc+n. [3]

Fonop +exnnnecknm srkom, nnnncka cnc+ema *+5+ npec+anne+ co6on na6op
nncnonrx cxem, onpeenmmnx pasnre cnoco6r nnenenn mysrkanrnoro npemenn. Cemr +aknx
ocnonnrx cxem mysrkn Knon Hnnn (n +pannnn, nmenyemon Carnatic) kom6nnnpym+ +pn
pasnrx ennnnr npemenn, cnsannre c coo+ne+c+nymmnmn nm ec+amn pykn. Onn ns
cnonrx ec+on (laghu) cn+, npn ko+opom 6onrmon nanen noonepno npnkacae+c k
oc+anrnrm, pac+nm: on moe+ nknmna+r 3, 4, 5, 7 nnn 9 ennnn npemenn. Tana $.B,+,
nanpnmep, moe+ npno6pe+a+r qopmr 3+2+3+3 nnn 4+2+4+4 nnn 7+2+7+7 n +.. O6mee nncno
pn+mnnecknx cxem nrpac+ae+, +aknm o6pasom, o +pnna+n n+n. Fpynnr npemennrx ennnn
o6rnno necnmme+pnnnr, n nx o6mee nncno nnora nsmepe+c ec+kamn. Tak +ana
&3>X+2+2/+2+ coc+on+ ns 17 nepannrx rpynn, coepamnx n o6men cnonoc+n 100
npemennrx ennnn. Pn+mnneckne nnknr +ana non+opm+c cnona n cnona n xoe
nmnponnsannn.
<c+p. 112>
3+n nnnnre nepnor cosam+ neanrnym kanny n nanora mey 6apa6anom n
conrnrm nnc+pymen+om, n xoe ko+oporo karn npenarae+ cnon napnannn neamen
n ocnone pn+mnneckon cxemr, a sa+em o6a c +pnymqom coennm+c na nepnon one
cneymmero nepnoa, ko+opa no.+omy n nasrnae+c sam, +o ec+r nmec+e.
Hckymnna ayn+opn, sa+ann rxanne, nanpnno cnen+ sa .+nm conepnnnec+nom
n nsa+ nsox o6nernenn, kora nanpenne paspae+c. Hcnr+rnaema em
paoc+r npenonarae+ npesnrnanno nrcoko pasnn+oe nync+no pn+ma n c+pac+nym
nm6onr k nepecekammnmc pn+mam, ko+opa kae+c y nnx nponnon. Mono
nne+r concem manenrknx e+en, o+6nnammnx nsompnnre pn+mnneckne ysopr na
nyc+on koncepnnon 6anke nnn nm6om pyrom npeme+e, nsammem npn yape snyk.
[32]

Onnaena +on nnn nnon +anon, e pn+mnnecknmn napnannmn n nepecekammnmnc
pn+mamn, n oco6ennoc+n e n xoe camon nmnponnsannn, nnnnckomy mysrkan+y npnxon+c
nenpec+anno n mrnonenno nrcnn+rna+r po6n n onepnpona+r mnon+enmn. Ho
apnqme+nneckn nonynaemre nopasenenn npemennrx ennnn n ero nennn nnn nrpe nmem+
mano o6mero c me+pamn n sananon mysrke c npemennrmn c+pyk+ypamn npoe 3/4, 6/8 nnn
ae 11/16. Hckycc+no nnnnckoro pn+ma ycnannae+c ne c+onrko ymom, ckonrko +enom. Ho
nonnoc+rm ycnoennre pn+mr .+o menee ncero mo+opnrn nanrk, mrmennrn an+oma+nsm. Onn
c+anon+c nny+pennnmn pn+mamn ncnxoqnsnneckoro ennc+na mysrkan+a.
Oco6enno nn+epecno +o, n+o cama +ana peko npncy+c+nye+ n snynannn. Ona
pasnnnnrm o6pasom o6rrprnae+c ynac+nnkamn ancam6n n npne+c n 6ora+o
opnamen+nponannon nrpe. E non+n necnrmna nonna nec+ na ce6e snynanne. E npoxoenne
o+menae+ ene cnrmnrn pn+mnnnrn menec+ pyk cnyma+enen n pasnrx konnax nomemenn
naonr nnns, naonr nnepx n n c+opony, 6onrmon nanen no onepen kacae+c pyrnx. Bonee
same+en e pncynok n ec+ax pykn +oro ns mysrkan+on, ko+oprn n annrn momen+ onae+
cnoen onepen n coc+sannn. Hmnponnsann moe+ npnoc+anonn+rc mysrkan+ nponnmae+
ropno nnn o+nnnae+ rno+ok nor, 6apa6anmnk noc+pannae+ cnon nnc+pymen+, no +ana
npoonae+ necnrmno nynrcnpona+r, n n +o+ momen+, kora mysrkan+r ro+onr npoona+r,
onn nrpm+ n e noocnenmym nonny. Fonoc, qnen+a n 6apa6an +o nc+ynam+ n cepnm
nanoron, +o nepeym+ cnon cono, +o nrpam+ conmec+no; +emn yckope+c nnn samene+c, no
nponcxon+ .+o sa cn+ po6nenn nnn cnnnn npemennrx ennnn, no+omy n+o nc .+o npem
+ana nne+c ponno n nenosmy+nmo. He +onrko mysrka n camn mysrkan+r, no n cnyma+enn n
nc npoc+panc+no nokpyr kay+c nponn+annrmn e
<c+p. 113>
pn+mnnecknmn nonnamn. E pn+m napn+ kak camo npem nnnnnyanrno okpamennoe n
onepnennoe, nanonnennoe konkpe+nrm cmrcnom, a ne onoponoe nen+panrnoe npem
sananon mysrkn 6espasnnnno pasmenennoe ckannpyemrm c+epeo+nnnrm me+pom. 3+o n ec+r
pn+m npnpor nocnymannrn y ne n nrnnemrn mysrkon.
Cnoco6noc+r +ep+rc n n+r n cnennqnnecknx konqnrypannx o6mnnnoro npemenn
n pn+ma nrxon+ sa rpannnr .c+e+nneckoro onr+a n npenonarae+ mnoro 6onrmee, nem nnc+o
npoqeccnonanrnoe mysrkanrnoe o6ynenne, xo+ ono n +pe6ye+ ynopnoro +pya n onroro
npemenn. Fnannrm ycnonnem .+on cnoco6noc+n nne+c 6espasenrnoe ynac+ne n
noncenennon nsnn cnoen o6mnnr, neo+remnemrn komnonen+ ko+opon coc+anne+ mysrka.
He noc+nrnyn nanoc+r .+oro kapnnanrnoro ycnonn, mr ne nonmm npnpoy n yx ne +onrko
npnmn+nnnrx nnn nrcoko pasnn+rx pennnx mysrkanrnrx +pannnn, no n cnoen
co6c+nennon mysrkanrnon kynr+ypr.
Bo+ kak on Bn.knnr onncrnae+ K3A-2B o6mnnnym +annenanrnym nepemonnm
aqpnkanckoro nnemenn nena:

Hennoc+r mysrkn, kak nonaram, onpeene+c coepannem onr+a nmen,
nonnennnrx n e cosanne. Ec+r pasnnnne mey mysrkon cnynannon n +on, n+o
yrny6ne+ nenoneneckoe cosnanne, mysrkon n o6naann n mysrkon n 6r+n...
Mysrka nnkonr nosnnkae+ +onrko +ora, kora nana+r nnn 6onee mynnn +py6+ n
pasnnnno nac+poennre +py6r c +onnoc+rm, onpeenemon ymennem ncnonn+r cnom
nap+nm, cnnna e c nap+nmn oc+anrnrx, n no menrmen mepe ne+rpe enmnnr
nrpam+ na 6apa6anax pasnrx pasmepon, o6pasy nonnpn+mnneckym rapmonnm. Bonee
+oro, nnkona +onrko +ora okasrnae+c nonnon, kora mynnnr ononpemenno
nrc+ynam+ n ynncon c pasnnnnrmn +annenanrnrmn na, cney ykasannm mac+epa.
enc+nennoc+r nnkonr... .+o npnmep +oro, kak makcnmym nenoneneckon .neprnn
renepnpye+c n cn+yannn, ko+opa nannonnenmnm o6pasom peannsye+
nnnnnyanrnoc+r n nan6onrmem co6pannn nnnnnyanrnoc+en...
Xn+enn Bann ronop+ o6 nnom yme kak o coc+onnn 6r+n, ko+oporo mono
oc+nrny+r nocpec+nom +anna n mysrkn. Onn ccrnam+c na coc+onn, n ko+oprx
nmn o+n+nnno ocosnam+ cnom nc+nnnym npnpoy npnpoy nnoro "" n camnx
ce6e n n pyrnx n npnpoy cnonx nsanmoo+nomennn c okpyammnm nx mnpom. [33]

Bonrma nonno+a camocosnann oc+nrae+c nocpec+nom o6ynenn n noneenn,
ko+opre +onrko onenr nonepxnoc+nrn na6nma+enr moe+ cnec+r mexannnecknm n
neocmrcnennrm. Takoe none-
<c+p. 114>
enne nocnn+rnae+c me+oamn o6ynenn, ko+opre npenonaram+ n ae onam+ o+
ynameroc cnoco6noc+r pasynnna+rc enc+nona+r, epa cnon ym o+kpr+rm, ak+nnnrm,
nocnpnnmnnnrm, o+srnammnmc na mrnonennre nnemnne nosenc+nn, ne nosnon npnnrnke
c+anonn+rc na ny+n cnon+annoc+n.
Bo mnornx nesananrx kynr+ypax nponecc o6ynenn ocnonan ne na ykasannx n-
o6rcnennx, a na npmon nmn+annn noneenn ynn+en. Kak coo6mae+ Yon+ep Kayqman, n
Hnnn

...ynennk, cnmnn nnnom k nnny c ynn+enem, n cennac onen, kak .+o 6rno
ncera, non+op+r cnona n cnona +o, n+o nokasrnae+ emy ynn+enr. [34]

Makdn +ak onncrnae+ +nnnnnrn ypok mysrkn na oc+pone Bann:

Ynn+enr nonrsye+c c+pannrm me+oom. On nnnero ne ronopn+ n ae ne cmo+pn+
na e+en. On conno nrpae+ nepnym nac+r. On nrpae+ e em pas. Ba+em on nrpae+
+onrko nepnym qpasy c 6onrmnm nonpknnannem. Ho+om on enae+ snak e+m
nannna+r. noe nnn +poe enam+ nepemn+enrnym nonr+ky, cney sa nnm, cne sa
karm ero nnennem. dpasa non+ope+c, n onn enam+ nonym nonr+ky. K nnm
npncoenne+c em onn... Mano-nomany, e+n, ocnannammne menonm, nepexo+ o+
qpasr k qpase, sa6rna, ncnomnna, o6pe+a ynepennoc+r. Ynn+enr monnn+, pasne
n+o ykae+ na non+opmmymc omn6ky; 6onrmym nac+r npemenn on npoc+o rnn+ n
npoc+panc+no. ...Kae+c, n+o on nonce ne ynn+, no nckom cnynae, c namen +onkn
spenn. On ncero nnmr nepea+nnk; on npoc+o npec+anne+ n konkpe+noc+n
mysrkanrnym nem, ko+opym onen nepea+r ynennkam, cnyn+ n nnx npnmepom,
n oc+anrnom npeoc+ann nx camnm ce6e... On nnnero ne o6rcne+, no+omy n+o
y6en, n+o o6rcn+r +y+ nenero. [35]

He+ npmoro npenoanann nnn +pannnn o6rcnennn: nc nponcxon+
cnon+anno,nnme+ oync o6 aqpnkanckom nnemenn nn. e+en nnkora ne o6ynam+ nm
[necnm] cnc+ema+nnno, pacckasrnae+ Bn.knnr o nnemenn nena. Ccrnacr na pyrne
cnne+enrc+na, Meppnam saknmnae+, n+o nce onn nonepknnam+ nanoc+r o6naann
"xopomnm yxom" n cnoco6noc+n n y e+en, n y nspocnrx nknmna mysrkan+on
noxna+rna+r necnn na cnyx n nocpec+nom nopaann.
Ha oc+pone Bna, kak cnne+enrc+nye+ yn+ Bekkep,

Ho +pannnn o6ynenne ne+c n a6conm+no cno6onon manepe. Ynn+enr
qak+nneckn ne ynn+ n sananom nonnmannn .+oro cnona. Ynamnnc nponon+ nacr,
nn, neenn n ror, na6nma sa ynn+e-
<c+p. 115>
nem .+o ero o6pasen, ero moenr, n nso ncex cnn nopaae+ emy. 3+o onenr
menennrn nponecc, no on qopmnpye+ mysrkan+on c rny6onanmnm nn+yn+nnnrm
omymennem cnoen mysrkanrnon cnc+emr. [37]

Bosnpamacr k mrcnn Xonna o +px yponnx nepeann n ycnoenn kynr+ypr, mono
ckasa+r, n+o n +pannnonnrx n npnmn+nnnrx o6mec+nax +exnnnecknn yponenr npak+nneckn
o+cy+c+nye+. Hasnann, knaccnqnkannn, konnennnn, +eopnn n cnonecno qopmynnpyemre
npannna ne sannmam+ non+n nnkakoro mec+a n nponecce o6ynenn. Onn coo6mam+c
ynamemyc, kora +o+ ye c+an sakonnennrm mysrkan+om, kak saknmnn+enrnree m+pnxn.
3+o npma npo+nnonononoc+r +omy, kak mysrke yna+ n o6ynam+c na Banae.
Becr nponecc nannnae+c c o6rcnennn, ko+opre c+yen+ o6san nonnma+r; on onen sna+r
nanep, n+o emy npec+on+ ena+r. Takonr +pe6onann, nk+yemre camon npnpoon sananon
mysrkn. Kaa nreca npec+anne+ co6on nennkoe mnoec+no o+enrnrx .nemen+on no+,
nepapxnneckn oprannsonannrx qopmanrnrmn cxemamn n c+pyk+ypamn o+ menrnanmnx
(mo+nn) o nan6onee macm+a6nrx (cona+a, cnmqonn, mecca n np.). Bcno, n+o +akoe sanne
moe+ 6r+r noc+poeno +onrko ny+m nocneona+enrnon c6opkn nac+en, a .+a saana
nrnonnnma +onrko npn nomomn nep+ea, +exnonornneckon kap+r no+annn,
npeoc+annemon komnosn+opom.

Mysrkanrna no+ann nnymae+ nam, n+o nac+n mory+ nsonnpona+rc o+ ncero nx
okpyenn n pacnnen+rc na em menrmne ennc+na... Henrnoc+r onr+a po6n+c na
kyconkn, ko+opre nrc+pannam+c n nnnennon nocneona+enrnoc+n... Hpak+nneckn
.+o osnanae+, n+o mnrn nnannc+, nr+ammnnc pasynn+r cona+y Be+xonena, 6ye+
+pyn+rc na karm kyckom o+enrno n ae, pas6nna+r ero na menrmne nac+n,
pa6o+a na onon qpason. Tonrko n n+ore mnornx neenr noo6non e+anrnon
pa6o+r na kaon qpason on nonr+ae+c co6pa+r nrecy noenno. n ynennka,
ocnannammero sananym knaccnneckym mysrky, noc+nenne komnosnnnn kak nenoro
moe+ npnn+n n nocnenmm oneper.
Hananrnre .+anr o6ynenn n nocneymmne yc+anonkn mysrkan+a ramenana
npnnnnnnanrno nnre. Henoc+noc+r, ennc+no nrecr ocnannam+c n nepnym oneper, n
+onrko sa+em, menenno n noc+enenno, on ynn+c sanonn+r e o6mne kon+ypr
nonnnnnrmn e+anmn. [38]

B o+cy+c+nne +exnnnecknx cone+on, nncrmennrx nnc+pyknnn n cnonecno
cqopmynnponannrx saannn ynennk moe+ paccnn+rna+r +onrko na cnom na6nma+enrnoc+r
n cnoco6noc+r cneona+r o6pasny, nopaa+r cnoen moenn ynn+enm n ero mysrke. Ha
<c+p. 116>
noc+oponnnn nsrn, .+o+ me+o moe+ nokasa+rc 6esymnon sy6pekon, na+acknnannem. Ho
sa .+on o6mannnnon nnemnoc+rm nponcxon+ nen+o npesnrnanno cymec+nennoe.
Ynennk moe+ ne cyme+r n +onnoc+n nocnponsnec+n nokasannoe emy ynn+enem, no .+o
n ne +pe6ye+c. a n cam ynn+enr ne cnnmkom osa6onen +onnoc+rm non+openn +oro, n+o
onnr ocnon+r ero ynennkn. Henr secr ne n sa+nepnnannn pas n nancera yc+anonnennoro
nopka no+, a n nrpa6o+ke noneenn, nopoammero mysrky nynoro +nna. A nockonrky
karn +nn mysrkn (kaa nreca, n namen +epmnnonornn) o6naae+ nrsnrmennrm
nnnnnyanrnrm cmrcnom, onnaenne nm okasrnae+ rny6okoe nnnnne na nnnnoc+r
mysrkan+a: Bepna koopnnann yma n +ena ne +onrko nponsnon+ cnrn, kpacnnrn +on, no n
nosnone+ nenoneky nan+n coo+ne+c+nymmee mec+o n cnmqonnn nsnn. [39] Takoe o6ynenne
npec+anne+ co6on onn ns nanenmnx ny+en ocnoenn kynr+ypr: onnaena nckycc+nom
ak+nnnoro ynac+n n cosannn pasnnnnrx +nnon mysrkn, ynennk npac+ae+ n +kanr yxonnon
nsnn cnoero napoa, nponnkae+c ero o+nomennem k okpyammemy mnpy n npnpoe. 3+o
nceo6remnmmee o+nomenne k mnpy nannnae+c c nosnnknonenn oco6on cnsn mey
ynennkom n ynn+enem nepnrm pyrnm n nsnn 6yymero mysrkan+a/ c ko+oprm +o+
c+pemn+c o+oec+nn+rc:

n nac na Boc+oke o+nomenne mey Mypmnom [Ynn+enem] n ynennkom +akono,
n+o ono ne moe+ 6r+r napymeno; .+a cnsr nepaspymnma n npoc+npae+c n nennoc+r.
dana-qn-menk .+o mnc+nnecknn coms, ko+oprn coenne+ ne ymn +aknm o6pasom,
n+o onn nny+ n nync+nym+ non+n kak ona. [40]

Becr nama cnoco6noc+r nornneckoro paccyenn noneprae+c onacnomy
ncnr+annm. Bananrn nenonek npnnrk k yo6c+nam nmn n nasnannn, nosnonmmnx o6o6ma+r
n knaccnqnnnpona+r. Onnpacr na nnx, on nsynae+ n pasnnnae+ nen, c+pon+ konnennnn n
mannnynnpye+ qopmamn. Ho .+y c+opony nponac+n, paccekammen ero yannc+nnecknn mnp, on
okpyn nn+ennek+yanrnrmn nonnnkamn ncex +pancnenen+nrx peanrnoc+en. B mac+epckon
ero yma ec+r nce nnc+pymen+r, neo6xonmre n paspemenn npo6nem, poaemrx n o6mennn
c nnemnnm mnpom. Ero rnannrn nnc+pymen+ nornka, ko+opa .qqek+nnno qopmnpye+ ero
onr+ n oxpane+ cnoc+r mrcnn o+ n+opennn nppannonanrnoro.
Ho +enepr nam nanen+ noc+nrny+r nnoe mnponocnpn+ne, n ko+opom, no-nnnmomy,
nc, n+o mr ysnam, npo+nnopenn+ nornke
<c+p. 117>
n nsenae+c na pasymom, mnponocnpn+ne, n ko+oporo nno pasnre nemn ynn+enr n
ynennk, moenr n e nmn+ann, mnp nny+pennnn n mnp nnemnnn, snyk ronoca nnn nnc+pymen+a
n nsnr nsnn, o6rek+ n cy6rek+ okasrnam+c nen+nnnrmn, nepasnnnnmrmn,
+oec+nennrmn. Kak nonnma+r nac+r, +oec+nennym nenomy? nonnnnym cnon+annoc+r,
ocnonannym na c+poanmen ncnnnnnne? kon+ponnpyemym nenpeckasyemoc+r? konkpe+noc+r
nrecr, ko+opa cymec+nye+ n moe+ 6r+r ycnrmana +onrko n +rcnax pasnnnnrx, no
onnakono ay+en+nnnrx napnan+on?
Cnom knnry Hopok nemen an+pononor-qnnocoq Mnmenr dyko nannnae+ c
ananornnnon no+r nn+ennek+yanrnon pac+epnnoc+n:

3+a knnra nosnnkna ns onoro o+prnka y Bopxeca, ns cmexa, ko+oprn cme+an, noka
nn+an .+o+ o+prnok, nce npnnrnnre nexn moero mrmnenn namero mrmnenn,
o+menennoro nena+rm namero neka n namen reorpaqnn, po6nn nce ynoponennre
nonepxnoc+n n nnanr, nocpec+nom ko+oprx mr npnnrknn ykpoma+r nkoe
mnoroo6pasne cymec+nymmnx nemen, n em onro npoonanc, +penoa n rpos
paspymn+r name nekonennoe pasnnnne mey Tem e camrm n pyrnm. B .+om
o+prnke nn+npye+c neka kn+ancka .nnnknonen, n ko+opon ckasano, n+o
nno+nre nopasenm+c na: a) npnnaneamnx nmnepa+opy, 6)
sa6anrsamnponannrx, n) npnpynennrx, r) cocymnx nopoc+, ) cnpen, e) ckasonnrx,
) 6ponnx co6ak, s) nknmnnnrx n annym knaccnqnkannm, n) 6emenrx, k)
6eccne+nrx, n) napnconannrx +onkon knc+rm ns nep6nmrero nonoca, m) n +ak anee,
n) +onrko n+o pas6nnmnx kynmnn n nor, o) +ex, n+o nsann noxon na myx.
Hsymnnnre .+on +akconomnen, mr nnesanno noc+nraem, n+o +o, n+o n qopme 6acnn
emonc+pnpye+ .kso+nneckoe onaponanne nnon cnc+emr mrcnn, ykasrnae+ na
orpannnennoc+r namen co6c+nennon, na a6conm+nym nenosmonoc+r mrcnn+r +ak.
[41]

Tonrko 6esnanrn nean+ moe+ o+maxny+rc o+ +akon knaccnqnkannn kak
pe6neckon n nenenon n nonr+a+rc npo+nnonoc+ann+r en pyrym, 6onee pasymnym.
Cnoco6, ko+oprm nemn rpynnnpym+c n knaccnqnnnpym+c, mnoroe moe+ ckasa+r o pa6o+e
knaccnqnnnpymmero yma n nomonr n nonnmannn pyrnx ero npoyk+on. yn+ Bekkep
npo6ye+ npenon+r knmn k +akomy me+oy knaccnqnkannn, na6nmaemomy +ake n
cyennx nannen o mysrke ramenana. E kommen+apnn npocnm+ onn ns ero napaokcon
cone+anne nc+opnneckon nensmennoc+n c 6ecnpeprnnon napnan+noc+rm.
<c+p. 118>

Ecnn mysrkanrna cnc+ema nnn knaccnqnkann .+on cnc+emr cnnmkom ec+ka, +o
nononneenn n +nopneckne nponnenn c+anon+c nenosmonrmn. Hpoc+opnre
npannna nrnonnm+ nanym n n cymnoc+n nenonennym qynknnm. Onn onyckam+
napnannn n npak+nnecknx npnnoennx, npn nc+onkonannx n konnen+yannsannn.
...Ha+e+ (onn ns nancknx naon.F.O.) kak npn6nnsn+enrno onepnenna ne
nonesnee, nerne n o6pamennn n o+kprnae+ 6onrmnn npoc+op n +nopnec+na, nem
nm6a pannonanrna, nornneckn +onna ka+eropn.
onroe npem n nc+opnn sananon mrcnn, o+ Apnc+o+en o c+pyk+ypannsma XX
neka, sananoe naynnoe mrmnenne cneonano onpeennnomy cnoco6y yc+anonnenn
ka+eropnn. Ono ncxonno ns +oro, n+o ka+eropn onpeene+c .nemen+amn,
npncy+c+nymmnmn no ncex o6rek+ax, nxomnx n ne. ...Tenepr, onako,
npec+anne+c, n+o .+o, nosmono, ne ennc+nennrn ny+r konnen+yannsannn
ka+eropnn. Mr moem, nanpnmep, cnsa+r c annon ka+eropnen onpeennnrn
c+epeo+nn, a sa+em cpannnna+r c nnm pasnnnnre nnenn. Ecnn kakoe-nn6o nnenne
6onee nnn menee coo+ne+c+nye+ c+epeo+nny, +o ero o+noc+ k annon ka+eropnn. Mr
ycnannaem ka+eropnm n+nna n cnsn c onpeennnon n+nnen, nanpnmep,
mannnonkon. C .+oro momen+a mr pemaem, nne+c nn cymec+no n+nnen nnn ne+,
nocpec+nom me+aqopr, na ocnone ero cxoc+na nnn necxoc+na c mannnonkon.
...Cymec+na kprna+re, nokpr+re neprmn, ne+ammne, noeammne nepnen, c kpacnon
rpykon, nenynnence onn mory+ nasrna+rc n+nnamn. Hensnec+noe nam cymec+no
moe+ knaccnqnnnpona+rc kak n+nna, ecnn ono o6naae+ onon nnn neckonrknmn ns
.+nx xapak+epnc+nk, no ne o6sa+enrno ncemn. Tora nonpoc ye ne n +om, o6naae+
nn ono o6mnmn npnsnakamn ncex n+nn? (+onrko opnn+onoram .+o nsnec+no), no n
+om, o kakon c+enenn ono mannnonko-noo6no. ...Bonpoc nenoneka, cnrmamero
nesnakomym nrecy, ne .+o na+e+ canra?, a noxoe nn .+o na na+e+ canra?. Ecnn
cneye+ y+nepn+enrnrn o+ne+, +o nreca moe+ 6r+r +ak n oxapak+epnsonana.
Byynn noxoen na na+e+ canra n onom o+nomennn, ona moe+ ne noxon+r na nero n
pyrnx.
Kak npec+anne+c, xopomo onncannre ka+eropnn nonesnee n yne6nnkax, nem n
npnnoennn k 6eckonennoc+m onr+a n qenomenanrnom mnpe. [42]

Hem nnoxo onpeenennrx, pacnnrnna+rx ka+eropnn yo6no nepeqpasnpona+r na
srke +eopnn mnoec+n. Ka+eropn .+o na6op onpeenennrx cnonc+n-xapak+epnc+nk [a, b, c,
d, e, . . .], ns ko+oporo nnmr neko+oprx nnn ae onon oc+a+onno, n+o6r o+nec+n
onpeenemoe nnenne k annon ka+eropnn. n .+oro noxoa [a, e], [b, c], n [d] npnnanea+
k onon n +on e ka+eropnn, a snann+ +oec+nennr. Karn na6op o+kpr+ n, ecnn n
o6mec+ne npnsnannrx nep+-xapak+epnc+nk okasrnae+c nya, ckaem, [a, c, x, e], ona
moe+ 6r+r npnn+a n annrn na6op, xo+ n en-
<c+p. 119>
c+nn+enrnoc+n npnnanen+ k conepmenno pyromy na6opy, ckaem, [v, w, x, y, r]. Takon
me+o knaccnqnkannn no npenmymec+ny nnn npeo6naannm ny sananon nornke, no,
6eccnopno, 6onrme coo+ne+c+nye+ cnc+emam mrcnn n +nopneckon e+enrnoc+n n kynr+ypax
yc+non +pannnn. Teope+nk, ko+oprn nnn+ n mysrkanrnom nponsneennn camoc+o+enrnrn
o6rek+ n nr+ae+c nrenn+r qopmanrnre cnonc+na, onpeenmmne ero nny+pennmm nornky n
cnennqnnnoc+r, ckopee ncero con+e+ .+o+ me+o 6ecnonesnrm.
Cy+r ena, onako, n +om, n+o mysrkan+r, xyonnkn n qnnocoqr, npnnaneamne k
nnrm kynr+ypam, ne cknonnr mrcnn+r +eope+nneckn, n qenomenr konkpe+noro onr+a n nnx
nensmepnmo nanee a6c+pak+nrx ka+eropnn. He cneye+ nn n nam nceprs npncnyma+rc k
cnonam kn+anckoro mac+epa Hena n nonepn+r, n+o ero enc+nn+enrno sa6o+nnn ne c+pynr n ne
+ona ne +o, n+o on cnrman nnn yman, a +o, n+o on nync+nonan; n+o ero pemenn
npnnnmanncr ne pasymom, a cepnem? (*A5YFL22-4*J +ak +onnee ncero 6rno 6r
onpeenn+r coc+onne yma +akoro mysrkan+a no npem nrpr nnn nenn. On o+knmnae+c o+
ncero, kpome +annc+nennoro nanana, pykonomero ero enc+nnmn, o+ ncero, n+o okpyae+
ero, n+o on snae+ n k nemy npnnrk, ae o+ snynann cnoen co6c+nennon mysrkn, ko+opym on
menrme ncero c+pemn+c sanomnn+r n ne cmoe+ n +onnoc+n non+opn+r. Ero enc+nn .+o
pesynr+a+ nn+yn+nnnoro cnon+annoro camoocymec+nnenn, a ne kon+ponnpyemoe pasymom
nrnonnenne sannannponannoro saann.
)053A+8 N2*32->38
Mysrka cxoa c mnqom; noo6no mnqy, ona npeoonenae+ an+nnomnm
nc+opnneckoro, npexomero npemenn n noc+onc+na c+pyk+ypr, nnme+ henn-C+pocc. [43]
C+pyk+ypa secr, noanyn, cnnmkom c+koe n cnennqnneckn sananoe non+ne, no
o+menennoe noo6ne necomnenno cymec+nye+. H mysrka, n mnq pasnp+rnam+c no npemennon
nocneona+enrnoc+n, no cymec+nym+ n nocnpnnnmam+c nne o6rennoro npemenn. Onn nny+
n menm+c n nc e coxpanm+ cno 6esomn6onno ysnanaemoe nnno nnno ne nemn, ncera
+oec+nennon camon ce6e, a nnamnneckoro nponecca, nnymammero cnnrnre .monnn,
+amero rny6oknn cmrcn.
Mysrky n mnq ponn+ nen+o 6onrmee, nem npoc+o cxoc+no. Onn coennenr
nn+nmnrmn cnsmn n nepenne+am+c mnornmn ny-
<c+p. 120>
+mn. Mysrka nsanna cnynna nsnm6nennon +emon camrx pasnrx mnqonornn, n ko+oprx ona
npec+a+ marnneckon cnnon, cnoco6non ykpoma+r nknx snepen, ncnen+r 6onesnn, poa+r
oronr, nrsrna+r or, ocno6oa+r nenoneka o+ pa6c+na npemenn; 6oec+nennrm apom,
nopaannem mysrke Cqep nnn anrenrckomy konnep+y; cnnon, o+ yno+pe6nenn ko+opon
sanncn+ noepanne nnn paspymenne mnponon rapmonnn n connanrnoro nopka.
Mysrka n cama nn+ n mnqnneckom mnpe. Ha Banae ona nekamn nonn+anacr kak
nocn+enrnnna mypoc+n, nc+nnr n kpaco+r, npn6nnamma nenoneka k nennon cymnoc+n
mnpa n nsnn. Ba npeenamn Banaa c nen cnsanr nsnananrnre .nemen+r mnpa. Hon+n nc n
nen o+enrnre +ona n nn+epnanr, snynann nnc+pymen+on, nx ma+epnan, qopma n nne+,
cnoco6r nrpr na nnx, pn+mnneckne n menonneckne qopmynr naenm+c
mnoroo6pasnrmn kocmoronnnecknmn konno+annmn. Onn cnsrnam+c c ne+rprm
npnponrmn c+nxnmn, mycknm nnn encknm nonom, c onpeennnrmn nacamn n nnn nonn,
nmn neenn n npemenamn roa, c ne6ecnrmn +enamn, ma+epnanrnrmn cy6c+annnmn, c
cemennrmn n connanrnrmn c+a+ycamn n +... 3+n cnsn onnpam+c ne na ycnonnoc+n
konnennnn, a na 6esycnonnoc+r nepr n nepennam+c kak nen+o ropaso 6onee peanrnoe, nem
nc, n+o nenonek moe+ no+pora+r, ynne+r nnn ycnrma+r. B .+om cmrcne mysrka n ec+r mnq
ne n cnonecnom nepeckase n ne n pn+yanrnon pama+nsannn, a n ero konkpe+no nonnomnnon
cymnoc+n n nnamnke. Cno6oa o+ konnen+yanrnon o+nnennnoc+n cnon a+ mysrke +em
6onrmym cnny nenocpec+nenno nonneka+r nenoneka n cnon mnp. Hoo6no mnqy, ona
peannsye+ onr+ ne .mnnpnnecknn n nnnnrn, a konnek+nnnrn n apxe+nnnnecknn.
B nny .+oro on+onornneckoro n ncnxonornneckoro noo6n, npec+anne+c
nenecoo6pasnrm nsrnny+r na mysrky c +onkn spenn +oro, n+o nam nsnec+no o mnqe,
noc+apa+rc non+r e n cne+e mnqonornnecknx nccneonannn, ko+opre nensmepnmo mnpe,
rny6e n cnc+ema+nnnee mysrkonenecknx, n no6anok onnpam+c na 6onee o+n+nnnre n
nocneona+enrnre +eope+nneckne yc+anonkn n me+or.
Ha o6onx ny+x nccneona+enn ncnr+rnam+ +pynoc+n n onpeenennn o6rek+on
nsynenn, myna+c n nonckax npoyk+nnnrx noxoon k nnm. H mysrka, n mnq o6cyam+c n
non+nx c+pyk+ypr n qynknnn, +onkym+c pannonanrno nnn nn+yn+nnno, anennnpym+ +o k
nonnmannm, +o k onr+y. Brpocmee na nonne n n a+mocqepe sananon mysrkn mysrkoneenne
ne morno ne c+a+r npo-
<c+p. 121>
sananrm n cnonx npenocrnkax n kpn+epnx, +ora kak mnqonornneckne nccneonann n cnny
cnoen +ema+nkn nmem+ eno c mnpoknm cnek+pom mnponrx kynr+yp n no+omy npnnyenr
xo+ 6r no nac+m ns6ann+rc o+ sananrx npey6eennn.
Hn onn o6sop mnqonornnecknx nccneonannn ne o6xon+c 6es ynomnnann o
monymen+anrnom 12-+omnom co6pannn enmca dpensepa Bono+a ne+nr, onrne
nenpensonnno 6ora+om co6pannn onncannn mnqon n marnnecknx pn+yanon mnornx napoon n
nnemn, o6n+ammnx n camrx yannnrx yronkax semnoro mapa. B annom kon+ekc+e .+o+
+py, ony6nnkonannrn n 1890 roy, moe+ nocnyn+r kpacnopennnon nnnmc+pannen +ex
nsrnon n yc+anonok, c ko+oprx nananocr pasnn+ne conpemennon an+pononornn.
Kak .+o nn ynnn+enrno, .+o+ an+op, ncm cnom nsnr nocn+nnmnn co6npannm n
nsynennm marnnecknx kynr+on n pn+yanon, yene+ mnnnmanrnoe nnnmanne +eope+nneckomy
ocmrcnennm camoro qenomena mnqa, ammero nm coepanne n cnyamero nx ocnonon. Ye
n .+om mono same+n+r o++enok npene6pen+enrno cnncxon+enrnoro o+nomenn, ko+opoe +o
n eno o+kpr+o npockanrsrnae+ n ero nocnennx. Tak marnm on nasrnae+ nonon naykon n
necoc+onmnmc nckycc+nom, neymec+nrm npnnoennem acconnannn nen, [44]
nesakonnopoennon cec+pon naykn n saknmnae+:

Ho.+omy 6ye+ +pmnsmom, non+n +an+onornen, ckasa+r, n+o ncka marn
nens6eno nona n 6ecnnona: no+omy n+o, ecnn 6r ona 6rna nc+nnna n
nnoo+nopna, ona 6rna 6r ne marnen, a naykon. C pennenmnx npemn nenonek
sannmanc nonckamn o6mnx npannn, nocpec+nom ko+oprx on mor 6r o6pa+n+r
nopok ec+ec+nennrx nnennn ce6e na nonrsy, n n pesynr+a+e onrnx nckannn on
nakonnn nennkym maccy noo6nrx mypoc+en, cpen ko+oprx onn sono+o, pyrne
e npoc+o mycop. Hc+nnnre nnn sono+re npannna coc+annm+ +eno npnknanon
naykn, ko+opym mr nasrnaem nckycc+nom; nonre nnm+c marnen. [45]
Hpnmn+nnnrn mar snae+ marnm +onrko c npak+nneckon c+oponr; on nnkora ne
anannsnpye+ mrcnn+enrnre nponeccr, na ko+oprx ocnonana .+a npak+nka, nnkora ne
pasmrmne+ o6 a6c+pak+nrx npnnnnnax, nanpannmmnx ero enc+nn... cama ne
naykn o+cy+c+nye+ n ero nepasnn+om yme. eno qnnocoqa npocnen+r xo mrcnn
nosan marnnecknx enc+nnn, nsonnpona+r +e nemnorne nn+n, ns ko+oprx coc+on+
.+o+ cny+annrn kny6ok, o+enn+r a6c+pak+nre npnnnnnr o+ nx konkpe+nrx
npnnoennn, pasrne+r sana+onnym-nayky nosan y6nmonnoro nckycc+na. [46]

Taknm o6pasom nrxon+, n+o mnq n nc c nnm cnsannoe .+o ncero nnmr ny+annna
nonrx nen, ocnonannrx na npnmn+nnnon
<c+p. 122>
omn6onnon nornke, n ko+opon cnoco6en paso6pa+rc +onrko ynnrn, a ymc+nenno
neopasnn+rn mar n nso6paennn dpensepa nrrnn+ non+n n+o ponrm 6pa+om npesnpaemoro
kan+opa npak+nneckoro mysrkan+a pannero Bospoenn, ko+oprn +oe ne nean, n+o
+nopnn. Becr ne+pyno pasrne+r enpononen+pnc+ckym npey6ennoc+r, ko+opa n
+enepr, c+o ne+ cnyc+ aneko em ne nsn+a.
Onako n nccneonannx mnqon, marnn n pn+yanon .+o+ nsrn 6rn o6penn na
ncnesnonenne. Cnyc+ copok ne+ nocne nonnenn +pya dpensepa onn ns ocnona+enen
conpemennon an+pononornn Bponncnan Mannnoncknn nnen nx n conepmenno nnom cne+e.

Omn6onno nonara+r, n+o n pannne nepnor pasnn+n nenonek nn n cny+annom
mnpe, re peanrnoe cmemnnanocr c nepeanrnrm, a mnc+nka n pasym +ak e cno6ono
o6mennnanncr, kak nac+omne n qanrmnnre mone+r n esoprannsonannom
rocyapc+ne. n nac camoe cymec+nennoe n marnn n pennrnosnom pn+yane .+o +o, n+o
k nnm npn6eram+ +onrko +am, re pasym okasrnae+c 6eccnnrnrm... Hocpec+nom
marnneckoro nnn pennrnosnoro pn+yana nenonek nr+ae+c +nopn+r nyeca ne
no+omy, n+o ne orarnae+c o6 orpannnennon cnne cnoero yma, no, nanpo+nn, no+omy,
n+o o+a+ ce6e n .+om nonnrn o+n+. Ecnn cena+r em onn mar, +o npnsnanne
.+oro o6c+o+enrc+na, kak mne npec+anne+c, a6conm+no neo6xonmo n +oro,
n+o6r pas n nancera yc+anonn+r +y nc+nny, n+o y pennrnn ec+r cnon co6c+nennre
qynknnn n cno sakonna cqepa pasnn+n.[47]

Takon 6rn nepnrn kpynnrn mar k nonnmannm mnqa kak nsnenno nanoro n
ynnn+enrno nnynero npoyk+a konnek+nnnoro poonoro onr+a, ko+oprn, onennno,
onpanrnan cno cymec+nonanne n rnasax 6ecnncnennrx nokonennn. Hocneymmne marn n
o6nac+n mnqonornnecknx nccneonannn ncxo+ ns npnsnann .+oro qak+a.
B nnx npnxon+c nme+r eno c +pynrmn nonpocamn. B nem nanoc+r mnqa, marnn n
pn+yana? H+o npenaram+ onn, sannma mec+o 6eccnnrnoro pasyma? Ecnn, nonpekn onoam
pasyma, nenonek nr+ae+c conepma+r nyeca, +o kakoro poa nornky, nny+pennmm cnsr,
nopok mono nae+rc o6napyn+r n ero enc+nnx? Hakonen, kak cneye+ noxon+r k
nsynennm mnqon n pn+yanon, n kakoro pesynr+a+a cneye+ npn .+om ona+r? Hocnennn
nonpoc nne+c, no cymec+ny, nen+panrnrm, n, c+apacr o+ne+n+r na nero, 3pnc+ Kaccnpep
npeynpeae+ o nan6onee nepo+non onacnoc+n:
<c+p. 123>
Mono c ynepennoc+rm y+nepa+r, n+o nce nonr+kn nn+ennek+yannsnpona+r
mnq +onkona+r ero kak anneropnneckoe nrpaenne +eope+nnecknx nnn mopanrnrx
nc+nn +epn+ nopaenne. B nnx nrnopnpym+c qynamen+anrnre qak+r
mnqnneckoro onr+a. Hac+oma cqepa mnqa .+o cqepa ne mrcnn, a nync+na. Mnq n
npnmn+nnna pennrn o+nmr ne 6eccnsnr n ne nnmenr npncy+c+nn pasyma. Ho nx
cnsnoc+r ropaso 6onrme sanncn+ o+ ennc+na nync+nonannn, nem o+ npannn nornkn...
Haynna mrcnr, nr+acr onnca+r n o6rcnn+r peanrnoc+r, nrnyena npn6era+r k
cnoemy o6memy me+oy, +.e. k knaccnqnkannn n cnc+ema+nsannn. Xnsnr po6n+c na
o+enrnre o6nac+n, pesko pasnnnaemre pyr o+ pyra. ...Ho npnmn+nnnrn ym
npene6perae+ +aknmn pasnnnnmn n o+neprae+ nx. Ero nnenne nsnn cnn+e+nnno, a
ne anann+nnno. Xnsnr ne enn+c na knaccr n noknaccr: ona nepennae+c kak
neennmoe cnsnoe nenoe. [48]

Cnsnoc+r mrmnenn npenonarae+ nannnne qopmanrnon oprannsannn; cnsnoc+r
nync+nonannn ne cnn+ae+c c nen. Peanrnrn onr+ nsnn .+o ne pasmrmnenn na cnsrm
nen, a 6espasenrnoe norpyenne n ne. Camoo+oec+nnenne c peanrnoc+rm n mnqe n
pn+yane ocno6oae+ nenoneka o+ o+nynnoc+n, cosanaemon cnonamn n konnennnmn.
Hon+r mnq snann+ npon+r ero.
Kaccnpep nponon+ peskym pasrpannnn+enrnym nep+y mey mnqnnecknm mnpom
pn+yana n ero o+paennem n mrcnn:

Mnq nynnk. C onon c+oponr, on nrnne+ konnen+yanrnym c+pyk+ypy, a c
pyron, c+pyk+ypy nocnpn+n... Hame .mnnpnneckoe mrmnenne nn+epecye+c
yc+onnnnrmn nep+amn namero nync+nennoro onr+a. Becr mr ncera npononm
pasnnnn mey cymec+nennrm n manonanrm, neo6xonmrm n cnynannrm,
nensmennrm n npexomnm. 3+n pasnnnenn npnno+ nac k nee mnpa, coc+omero ns
qnsnnecknx o6rek+on c onpeennnrmn n onpeennmrmn cnonc+namn. Ho nc .+o
nknmnae+ anann+nnecknn nponecc, ko+oprn npo+nnononoen qynamen+anrnon
c+pyk+ype mnqnneckoro nocnpn+n n mrmnenn... Mnp mnqa pama+nnen: .+o mnp
enc+nn, cnn, konqnnk+ymmnx morynnx nanan. Mnqnneckoe nocnpn+ne ncera
nacrmeno .monnmn. Bc nnnmoe n omymaemoe okpyeno oco6on a+mocqepon
a+mocqepon paoc+n nnn rop, o+nann nnn nonnenn, norma nnn enpeccnn... Bce
npeme+r okasrnam+c o6prmn nnn snrmn, pyec+nennrmn nnn npae6nrmn,
snakomrmn nnn neneomrmn, manmnmn nnn o++anknnammnmn, nnenn+enrnrmn nnn
yrpoammnmn. Ena nn nosmoen 6onee pesknn kon+pac+, nem kon+pac+ mey .+on
nepnonananrnon nanpannennoc+rm namero onr+a n neanom nc+nnr, cosannrm
naykon... Mnq .+o ne cnc+ema orma+nnecknx neponannn... ae ecnn 6r nam yanocr
nocpec+nom anannsa pasnon+r mnq na ero konnen+yanrnre .nemen+r, mr ne
noc+nrnn 6r ero nsnennrn npnnnnn, ko+oprn nnamnnen, a ne c+a+nnen n
onpeennm +onrko nepes enc+nne. [49]
<c+p. 124>
Hoxoe na +o, n+o mnq c+ann+ nac nepe nr6opom ak+nnno n+r n ynac+nona+r n
nm, o+kasanmncr o+ nonr+ok non+r ero pasymom, nnn e san+rc ero nsynennem, ne naecr
nponnkny+r n ero cy+r. Henocpec+nenna kanec+nennoc+r mnqnneckoro onr+a nenepeanaema
cnonamn, a ero cnsnoc+r neo6rcnnma pannonanrno, no+omy n+o ona nk+ye+c ne nornkon, a
enc+nnmn nmen, saxnanennrx mnqom, nnymnx n nm.
Hepe ananornnnrm nr6opom nac c+ann+ n mysrka. Anann+nnecknn noxo, ko+opomy
nonarae+c 6r+r c+poro o6rek+nnnrm, sac+anne+ o+nocn+rc k nen kak k nemn,
cymec+nymmen nesanncnmo o+ nccneona+en n ero me+oon, n o+nneka+rc o+ nnnnrx
nnena+nennn n onenok cy6rek+nnnrx n no+omy neymec+nrx. Ho n +ex, k+o naxon+ n
mysrke nc+onnnk 6ecnennoro nnnnoro onr+a, pesynr+a+r noo6noro naynno o6rek+nnnoro
anannsa npec+annm+, camoe 6onrmee, ycnonnym nennoc+r ononnn+enrnon nnqopmannn
qak+nneckoro xapak+epa.
Hpn 6onee 6nnskom paccmo+pennn, onako, nnemma nyx, ko6r neconmec+nmrx,
noxoon okasrnae+c mnnmon. Teope+nk moe+ ckonrko yrono npn+nop+rc 6ecc+pac+nrm
anannsnpymmnm yc+ponc+nom, ko+opoe ne nn+epnpe+npye+, a npoc+o pernc+pnpye+
o6rek+nnnre cnonc+na mysrkanrnoro connnenn. On moe+ c+apa+enrno sakprna+r rnana na
+o+ nenpenonrn qak+, n+o on nne+c cy6rek+om, n+o nce ero peaknnn, nnena+nenn n
cyenn nockasanr ero onr+om n no+omy 6esycnonno cy6rek+nnnr, xo+ onn n
qopmynnpym+c n naponn+o 6esnnnnon qopme. Cnenon orma+nsm memae+ non+r, n+o nne
nocnpn+n peanrnrm nenonekom mysrkn ne+, a ec+r nnmr 6onee nnn menee npoonn+enrnoe
n cnnrnoe co+pcenne nosyxa nnn nnc+r 6ymarn, nokpr+re sa+ennnnrmn rpaqnnecknmn
cnmnonamn; n+o +o, n+o nasrnae+c mysrkon nosnnkae+ 6naroap nsanmoenc+nnm nenoneka c
.+nm akyc+nnecknm qenomenom, ko+opoe c+npae+ rpanr mey o6rek+om n cy6rek+om n
enae+ .+n non+n 6eccmrcnennrmn.
Teope+nkn nckycc+na, ko+opre c+onr c+pac+no ay+ naynnoc+n, neoc+a+onno
nnnma+enrno cne+ sa pasnn+nem naynnoro mnponosspenn n me+oonornn. Ec+r neka nponn
n +om, n+o nens6enoc+r nknmnnnoc+n cy6rek+a n nm6on naynnrn .kcnepnmen+ n ero
nnnnn na pesynr+a+r na6nmennn 6rna nnepnre npnsnana ne +am, re ona nrc+ynae+ c
nan6onrmen onennnoc+rm n o6nac+n nckycc+na, cosanaemoro nenonekom n n nenoneka,
a n qnsnnecknx naykax, re ona qopmynnpye+c kak npnnnnn ononnn+enrnoc+n. Bepnep
Fensen6epr o6rcne+ ero cneymmnm o6pasom:
<c+p. 125>
Mr c camoro nanana nonnenenr n nanor mey npnpoon n nenonekom, n ko+opom
nayka nrpae+ +onrko ony ns ponen, n no+omy npnnrnnoe pasenenne mnpa na cy6rek+
n o6rek+, nny+pennnn mnp n nnemnnn mnp, +eno n ymy 6onee nenpnemnemo n
npnnon+ nac k +pynoc+m. ae n nayke o6rek+om nsynenn nne+c +enepr 20
4+>+ 7.3.-/+, + F05-,0F04A-0 34450/-,+230 7.3.-/=. ...Hayka 6onee ne
npo+nnoc+on+ npnpoe kak o6rek+nnnrn na6nma+enr, no nnn+ n ce6e ynac+nnka
nrpr mey nenonekom n npnpoon. Haynnrn me+o anannsa, nc+onkonann n
knaccnqnkannn ocosnan cnom orpannnennoc+r n cnny +oro qak+a, n+o cnonm
nmema+enrc+nom nayka nsmene+ n nepeqopmnpye+ nsynaemrn o6rek+. pyrnmn
cnonamn, me+o n o6rek+ 6onee ne mory+ pasen+rc. W+BF2-0 >3.-,-@@.0230
70.04*+5- C=*J 2+BF2=> , 2+4*-8O0> 4>=450 Z*-E- 45-,+ [50]

Hnnmsopna nnemma snann n onr+a nmee+ rny6okne kopnn, yxomne, n konennom
cn+e, n na necrma pasnrx mnponpec+annenn o ncenenckom nopke n o ny+x ero
noc+nenn. Hop+pon onpeene+ nx kak ny+n Banaa n Boc+oka:

Boc+ok npenmymec+nenno nccneye+ nemn c nx .c+e+nneckon c+oponr; Bana
nccneye+ nx c +onkn spenn nx +eope+nneckom coepann. Bcnec+nne .+oro
karn moe+ nnec+n ynnkanrnrn nkna n nc+nnnym qnnocoqnm... Boc+ok n Bana,
paccma+pnnaemre n acnek+e nx qynamen+anrnrx naynnrx n qnnocoqcknx
npec+annennn, okasrnae+c, ronop+ ne ono n +o e, kak nonarae+ Anana
Kymapacnamn, n ne nemn, ko+opre neconmec+nmr, kak y+nepan Knnnnnr, no nemn
nsanmoononnemre, xo+ n pasnre. [51]

B annom kon+ekc+e cnono .c+e+nnecknn ne o+nocn+c k co6c+nenno nckycc+ny; ono
yno+pe6neno secr n cnom kopnenom cmrcne n ykasrnae+ na nocnpn+ne nocpec+nom nync+n
c ero nenocpec+nennoc+rm, nepacnnennnon nenpeprnnoc+rm n cnnrnrm .monnonanrnrm
komnonen+om, +ora kak sa cnonom +eope+nnecknn onennno kpom+c anann+nko-
onepannonnre yc+anonkn, ocnonannre na a6c+parnponannn n nornke.
K .+on nape non+nn, o+paammen qynamen+anrnym an+nnomnm onr+a n snann,
nocnpn+n n konnen+yannsannn, mono o6ann+r em ony npenoennym Knrom
an+nnomnm FB,4*,-,+238 n >=P50238. 3+n, y+nepae+ on, ne nanenmne n, kak mono
npenonon+r, ynnnepcanrnre ncnxnneckne qynknnn nenoneka naxo+c n onnosnnnn pyr k
pyry n conepnnnam+ sa nnac+r na ncnxnkon kak kaoro o+enrnoro nenoneka, +ak n
o6mec+n n kynr+yp, onpeen nx ncnxnneckne yc+anonkn, c+pyk+ypr n +nnr noneenn.
<c+p. 126>
Hn+ennek+ .+o +onrko ona ns neckonrknx qynamen+anrnrx ncnxnnecknx
qynknnn, n no+omy ero neoc+a+onno n nonynenn nonnon kap+nnr mnpa. n .+oro
neo6xonmo +ake ynac+ne pyron qynknnn nync+nonann. Hync+nonanne nac+o
poae+ y6eenn, o+nnnnre o+ y6eennn, k ko+oprm npnxon+ nn+ennek+, n mr
ne ncera moem okasa+r, n+o y6eenn nepnoro poa o6sa+enrno nonr. [52]

3+n konqnnk+ymmne nanana nsnec+nr c nesanam+nrx npemn o+ an+nnnoro
npo+nnonoc+annenn Anonnona n nonnca o poman+nneckoro npo+nnopenn mey pasymom n
nync+nom. Knr nasrnae+ .+n qynknnn pannonanrnrmn, nockonrky peanrnoc+n onennnam+c
nenonekom n kynr+ypon na ocnone onoon onon ns nnx. 3+n onenkn nepeko nac+onrko
neconmec+nmr, n+o cosnanne, necnoco6noe npnmnpn+r nx, npnnnmae+ ony cnc+emy y6eennn
n ns6anne+c o+ npo+nnonononon, nr+ecn e n cqepy 6eccosna+enrnoro.
B+opa, nppannonanrna napa npo+nnoc+omnx pyr pyry qynknnn -OBO0230 n
32*B3K38, rpy6o ronop, noc+annm+ crpr n cyennn n onenok; nepna
pykonoc+nye+c nenocpec+nennrmn annrmn nnemnnx nocnpn+nn, +ora kak n+opa
nnsyannsannmn nc+onnnkon n npnnnn .+nx nocnpn+nn.
e+enrnoc+r ncex ne+rpx qynknnn nponcxon+ nne cosnann: cosna+c nnmr
konennrn ncxo nx conepnnnec+na n 6opr6r, qopmnpymmnn .ro, ero y6eenn, yc+anonkn,
nennoc+n n noneenne. Ho mrcnn Knra, +onrko nepes pasnn+ne ncex ne+rpx qynknnn, nepes
cosna+enrnym nn+erpannm n accnmnnnnm nx npo+nnopennnrx nokasannn oc+nnmo 6onee
nonnoe snanne n camonosnanne n 6onee nonnoe camoocymec+nnenne. Hponecc npeoonenn
nenpnmnpnmrx npo+nnopennn Knr nasrnan nnnnnyannen.
Onn ns ero kommen+a+opon o6rcne+:

Knr... ncera snan, n+o npeenrnoe Ono, y ko+oporo ne moe+ 6r+r nmenn,
nponne+c no mnornx qopmax, o6pasymmnx napr npo+nnonononoc+en: +o+, k+o
qnkcnpye+ cnon nsrn na onom, o+kprnae+ cnom nesamnmennym cnnny pyromy, n
nckycc+no saknmnae+c n +om, n+o6r sna+r o6e... ne sarnyma+r nnn noann+r, no
ysna+r cnom o6opo+nym c+opony n +aknm o6pasom onnae+r ncemn cnonmn
cnoco6noc+mn: nosna+r camoro ce6. [83]

3+o cnynae+c kpanne peko: conepnnnammne qynknnn non+n nnkora ne
pasnnnam+c n rapmonnn, n pasnnnn, nac+o rny6okne, mey mnponpec+annennmn
o+enrnrx nmen n nenrx kynr+yp sannc+ o+ +oro, naxon+c nn nnnnnyanrnoe nnn
konnek+nnnoe
<c+p. 127>
.ro no nnac+rm mrmnenn nnn nync+nonann, n nn+ae+c nn omnnnpymma qynknn
omymennmn nnn nn+ynnnmn.
Mnp kak on nn(nvcn nenoneky nnn o6mec+ny, mnp nonne n mnp nny+pn .+o
ncero nnmr nac+r unpa kak on ecv, nn+epnpe+npyema n ycnonnx konkpe+non, kynr+ypno
cnennqnnnon ncnxnneckon c+pyk+ypr. Bnann+enrno 6onrma nac+r mnpa nennnma,
neneoma, nenqqepennnponanna ckpr+a n 6eccosna+enrnom, .+om xpannnnme
necosnanaemoro konnek+nnnoro onr+a, ynacneonannrx poonrx npepacnonoennn n
cnonc+n.
Tenp e Eapen nnn non+ne noocqepr cqepr pasyma, oxna+rnammen necr
semnon map noo6no reocqepe, rnpocqepe, a+mocqepe n c+pa+ocqepe. Ho em panrme Knr
nrnnnyn rnno+esy konnek+nnnoro 6eccosna+enrnoro o6mnpnoro pesepnyapa nacneyemrx
karm nenonekom nnamnnnrx ncnxnnecknx c+pyk+yp, cqopmnponannrx onr+om co+en
nokonennn n nponecce nx aan+annn k ynnnepcanrnrm ycnonnm nenoneneckoro
cymec+nonann.
3+a rnno+esa saneomo ncknmnae+ .kcnepnmen+anrnym nponepky, nockonrky
konnek+nnnoe 6eccosna+enrnoe no onpeenennm neoc+ynno n na6nmenn n nsynenn. Tem
ne menee ona kocnenno no+nepae+c nannnnem onpeennnrx moenen noneenn, nmemmnx
o6menenonenecknn xapak+ep n ne o6rcnnmrx nocnn+annem n kynr+ypnon cpee. Hnc+nnk+r n
apxe+nnnneckne qopmr noneenn napy c 6onee cnennqnnnrmn pacono o6ycnonnennrmn
ncnxnnecknmn no+ennnmn n cknonnoc+mn nennnmo nanpannm+ mrmnenne, okpamnnam+
nync+nonann, onpeenm+ yc+anonkn nocnpn+n, nponnre npepacnonoenn n
cnoco6noc+n. Ena nn nyno okasrna+r, n+o +ak nasrnaemoe cosna+enrnoe noneenne
nenoneka ne moe+ nennkom npnnncrna+rc ero cno6onon none.
Henocpec+nenno neoc+ynnoe, konnek+nnnoe 6eccosna+enrnoe o6mae+c c cosnannem
na srke cnmnonon. Hx nnnmre qopmr, sanmc+nonannre y snakomrx npeme+on, co6r+nn n
nnena+nennn okpyammen cper, cnya+ moc+om k ckpr+on o6men nonne 6r+n, k
mnqnneckomy onr+y ennenn c mnpom n nsnennrmn nananamn.
Hpnn+r n ycnon+r c+onr nonym n epskym konnennnm nenpoc+o. Bnanenne e mono
onenn+r nnmr npn nnnma+enrnom snakomc+ne c +pyamn camoro Knra n ero nocneona+enen.
Ero nen nosnonm+ pekonc+pynpona+r cxema+nnnym moenr nenoneneckoro yma, ko+opa
nosnone+ ynne+r pasnre ncnxonornneckne +nnr, yc+anonkn n nponeccr n nnamnke nx
nsanmoononnmmnx o+no-
<c+p. 128>
mennn. Taka kap+a yma kak ennon nnamnneckon cnc+emr nomorae+ nrnn+r o+knonenn,
onoc+oponnne +enennnn, omnnnpymmne n nonnnnnre qynknnn, coo+nocn+r nx n
ykasrnae+ na nepeannsonannre no+ennnn, c+omne na ny+n k 6onee nonnomy
camoocymec+nnennm.
B c+pemnennn non+r nenoneneckym ncnxnky n e nenrnoc+n, Knr nsynan nenrn p
mnponrx kynr+yp nx cnc+emr nennoc+en, neponann, xapak+epnre nep+r noneenn. Ero
na6nmenn n nrnor npec+annm+ n nac oco6rn nn+epec, nockonrky onn nponnnam+
ononnn+enrnrn cne+ na npo6nemy qopmr n moenn, n nac+noc+n, Banaa n Boc+oka, noo6me.
B pasnrx mec+ax on nncan:

Mono c ynepennoc+rm npnn+r, n+o na Boc+oke non+ne ym nmee+ ropaso
6onrme o6mero c +em, n+o mr nasrnaem 6eccosna+enrnoe, nem c ymom n namem
nonnmannn, ko+oprn 6onee nnn menee +oec+nen cosnannm. n nac cosnanne ne
mrcnn+c 6es .ro... Ho noc+onnrn ym ne ncnr+rnae+ nnkaknx +pynoc+en npn mrcnn
o cosnannn 6es .ro; cnn+ae+c, n+o cosnanne cnoco6no npeoone+r ero
e+epmnnnpymmee nnnnne, n npn ero 6onee nrcoknx qopmax .ro ncnesae+
nonnoc+rm. [54]

B +o npem kak sananrn ym +ma+enrno npocennae+, nsnemnnae+, o+6npae+,
knaccnqnnnpye+ n nsonnpye+, kn+ancka kap+nna annoro momen+a nknmnae+ nc,
nnno+r o menrnanmnx manonanrx nopo6noc+en, no+omy n+o xapak+ep .+oro
momen+a onpeene+c ncemn ero cnaraemrmn. [55]

Y men ne+ nn manenmero namepenn npnnna+r snanenne no+pcammen
nqqepennnannn sananoro nn+ennek+a; n cpannennn c nnm noc+onnrn nn+ennek+
cneye+ nasna+r pe6necknm. (Pasymee+c, .+o ne nmee+ nnnero o6mero c
ymc+nennrmn cnoco6noc+mn.) Ecnn 6r nam yanocr non+r n+opym, a nosmono n
+pe+rm ncnxnneckym qynknnm o none+noro nonoenn, o+nonmoro nn+ennek+y, mr
mornn 6r nae+rc aneko npenson+n Boc+ok. [56]

Hame pac+ymee snakomc+no c yxom Boc+oka cneye+ nonnma+r kak npnsnak +oro,
n+o mr nanann nc+yna+r n o+nomenn c nesnakomrmn .nemen+amn n nac camnx. Fnyno
o+pnna+r namn nc+opnneckne kopnn; .+o nan6onee nepnrn ny+r k anrnenmemy
o+prny cosnann o+ ero nonnr. [57]

Hnnnnyannen Knr nasrnan nponecc camoocymec+nnenn, +o ec+r peannsannn
ckpr+rx ncnxnnecknx no+ennnn nenoneka. 3+o+ nponecc nmenye+c +ake yxonnon
perenepannen, ko+opa onna conepma+rc cnona n cnona, no+omy n+o conepmennrn ym,
oc+nrmnn nonnoro camoocosnann, mrcnnm +onrko n neane. 3+o+ 6eckonennrn nponecc,
nanpannennrn k oc+nennm nenoc+noc+n, pasnn-
<c+p. 129>
nae+c ne no npmon nnnnn: on 6nyae+, kpyn+, nepeye+ normr n cnar n na
npo+ennn nsnn o+enrnrx nmen, n n nc+opnneckom npemenn nenrx kynr+yp.

Anxnmnkn, ko+opre no-cnoemy snann o npnpoe nnnnnyannn 6onrme, nem mr,
conpemennre nmn, nrpaann e napaokc nepes cnmnon ypo6opoca smen,
kycammen ce6 sa xnoc+. [58]

Hanpannennrn k nenoc+noc+n nponecc onen sa+pony+r nce ne+rpe rnannre
ncnxnneckne qynknnn n nx o+nomennx kak k nny+pennemy "", +ak n k "nnemnemy" mnpy.
Ec+ec+nenno, .+o+ nponecc ne moe+ 6r+r rnaknm n pannomepnrm. Ero "+paek+opn" y
o+enrnrx nmen n y nenrx nnnnnnsannn nckpnnne+c, nrnnra na nepennn nnan +y nnn
nnym omnnnpymmym ncnxnneckym qynknnm, ko+opa nonnne+ cnoen nnac+n nce
oc+anrnre. 3+nm mono o6rcnn+r pasnnnn yc+anonok, npepacnonoennoc+en n
peannsyemrx nosmonoc+en, cnnrnrx n cna6rx c+opon nnnnnyanrnon n konnek+nnnon
ncnxnkn.
Hnknnnecknn xapak+ep nponecca nnnnnyannn npenonarae+, xo+ 6r +eope+nneckn,
onpeennnym nocneona+enrnoc+r qas n ero nnennn k nenoc+noc+n, ae ecnn n
enc+nn+enrnoc+n on sa+parnnae+ nnmr neko+opre ns .+nx qas nnn ae o6pamae+c ncn+r.
Ypo6opocy ne ncera ya+c o+ny+rc o cnoero xnoc+a: nponecc nnnnnyannn moe+
oc+anonn+rc na +om nnn nnom .+ane n cnny rnnep+poqnponannoro pasnn+n omnnnpymmen
qynknnn; n .+om cnynae nnkn oc+ae+c nesanepmnnrm, pasnn+ne oc+anannnnae+c n
cmene+c sac+oem.
3+y rnno+esy mono n kpanne cxema+nnnom nne cymmnpona+r nocpec+nom
narpammr kap+r cosnann, okpynnoro +mnon o6nac+rm nensnec+noro n camom
nenoneke n nne ero. 3+a kap+a nosnone+ ynne+r ny+n, ko+oprmn nensnec+noe nponnkae+ n
cosnanne, n +nnnneckne qopmr, n ko+oprx ono nne+c cosnannm. B yrnax narpammr
nomemenr nanmenonann ncnxnnecknx yc+anonok, o6osnanammne nx cnmnonr aonsma, n
neko+opre onncann ne+rpx c+ynenen +pancqopmannn (opus alchemicum), npnnaneamne
anxnmnky cepennr XVII neka A+anacnycy Knpxepy. [59]
<c+p. 130>

<c+p. 131>
Ono6okoe noknonenne sananon kynr+ypnon +pannnn nepe horocom neno n
npoonae+ nec+n ero no ny+n rononokpyn+enrnrx nn+ennek+yanrnrx no6e n oc+nennn,
no ono e +opmosn+ pasnn+ne pyrnx ero ncnxnnecknx no+ennnn, saepnna nx na ny+n k
ennc+ny n npeenrnon npoc+o+e, ko+opre npononeonan Xpnc+oc: ...nc+nnno ronopm nam,
ecnn ne o6pa+n+ecr n ne 6ye+e kak e+n, ne non+e n Hapc+no He6ecnoe (Ma+q: 18;3).

Y Banaa... pasnnnacr... 6onesnr: konqnnk+ mey naykon n penn rnen. Ma+epn
.+o ncero nnmr rnno+esa. Kora mr ronopnm "ma+epn", mr qak+nneckn cosam
cnmnon n nero-+o nensnec+noro, ko+opoe mono 6rno 6r nasna+r "yxom" nnn kak-
nn6yr em. 3+o moe+ 6r+r ae Bor. Pennrnosna nepa, c pyron c+oponr, ne
xone+ pacc+a+rc co cnonm nekpn+nneckn ycnoennrm nsrnom na mnp
(Weltanschauung). Bc+yna n npo+nnopenne c npononerm Xpnc+a, nepymmne
c+apam+c oc+a+rc e+rmn nmec+o +oro, n+o6r c+a+r kak e+n. [60]

Hoo6na kpn+nka moe+ nokasa+rc necnpanennnon n npeynennnenno cyponon no
o+nomennm k c+onr 6ora+on n morymec+nennon sananon nnnnnnsannn, no ona okasrnae+c
nacymnon roprkon neo6xonmoc+rm, ecnn onennna+r oc+nenn .+on nnnnnnsannn n 6onee
mnpokom kon+ekc+e c +onkn spenn neo6r+nrx, no 6onrmen nac+n nepasnn+rx n ne
ncnonrsyemrx nosmonoc+en nenoneneckoro yma n ncnxnkn. Tonrko nepes npnsnanne cnonx
nc+opnnecknx ynymennn Bana cmoe+ ocno6on+rc o+ nnena co6c+nennon ono6okoc+n n
cnsannrx c nen npo+nnopennn, konqnnk+on n cmep+enrnrx onacnoc+en, ko+opre yrpoam+
camomy ero cymec+nonannm.
I-/+5J2-0 3 :-2+5J2-0
Hs npemec+nymmnx paccyennn morno cnon+rc nnena+nenne, n+o ne cnc+emr
+nopneckoro noneenn, onnpammnec, coo+ne+c+nenno, na qopmy n na moenr,
ncnxonornneckn n n pyrnx o+nomennx +ak e anekn pyr o+ pyra, kak Bana n Boc+ok. B
enc+nn+enrnoc+n e .+n cnc+emr n nx npoyk+r nepeko cymec+nym+ 6ok o 6ok n mory+
cpannnna+rc n 6nnskom cocec+ne.
Cnnxponnc+nnecknn +nnonornnecknn ananns ona ns nosmonoc+en ycnenn
pasnnnnn mey nnmn. pyrym nosmonoc+r a+
<c+p. 132>
naxponnnecknn, .nonmnnonnrn noxo, nockonrky na +nna noneenn cnsanr c
onpeennnrmn nc+opnnecknmn o6c+o+enrc+namn n nponeccamn n, noo6me ronop,
npec+annm+ co6on nocneona+enrnre c+ann connokynr+ypnoro pasnn+n. Bcno, n+o n
nc+opnneckon mysrkanrnon kynr+ype Banaa mr ckopee o6napynm c+rkn mey .+nmn
c+anmn, nem n kakon-nn6o ns an+pononornnecknx c+a+nnnrx mysrkanrnrx kynr+yp,
ko+opre ne mennncr na npo+ennn nekon nnn mennncr nesnann+enrno.
nxo+omn qopmr n moenn nesecyma, n npnmepr e mono 6es +pya nan+n ny+r
nn ne n nm6om nepnoe nc+opnn sananon mysrkn o+ npemn rny6okomrcnennrx mysnkycon
n ymenrx kan+opon o namero npemenn npemenn cocymec+nonann mysrkn
npoqeccnonanrnon, naponon n nmnponnsannonnon.
Hepexonre nponeccr n nanpenne mey c+aprm n nonrm +nnamn mysrkanrnoro
noneenn oc+nrnn nrcokon +onkn n XVIII neke, n namnn cnoe nrpaenne y Baxa. na
o6pasna ero mysrkn, nr6pannre n napannenrnoro anannsa, nomory+ nam paccmo+pe+r .+y
nxo+omnm n pasnnnnrx nepcnek+nnax n yc+anonn+r kapnnanrnre nep+r nyx +nnon
mysrkanrnoro noneenn n nenocpec+nennom cpannennn. Onn ns nnx Andante ns
Bpanen6yprckoro konnep+a N4, pyron apn Ich will dir mein Herze schenken (N19) ns
C+pac+en no Ma+qem.
Hocneymmnn ananns 6ye+ nponon+rc noc+ynenno, n ero nrnor 6yy+
qopmynnpona+rc n non+nx, npnnaneamnx pasnrm pam, no nx ne cneye+ nocnpnnnma+r
kak na6op paso6mnnrx, necoo+nocnmrx na6nmennn. On nenocpec+nenno cnsan c
acnek+amn nopka, o6cyanmnmnc n nepnom pasene .+on rnanr (sa ncknmnennem nepnoro
qenomenanrnoro, +o ec+r nn+epnpe+annonnoro) n onen paccma+pnna+rc kak nponecc
nocneona+enrnoro yrny6nenn n oc+anrnre ne+rpe cno n pacmnpmmeec konnneckoe
npoc+panc+no ennon nepapxnn nnn kak nnenne nepes konnen+pnneckne kpyrn o+
nepnqepnn nenocpec+nenno annoro n konkpe+noro ko nc 6onee o6memy n rnno+e+nneckomy.
Ananns nyx npnmepon kak camooc+a+onnrx mysrkanrnrx +ekc+on nanny c
qopmanrnoro yponn; na poonom yponne onn 6yy+ paccmo+penr n kon+ekc+e mysrkanrnrx
+pannnn n kon+pac+nrx +nnon mysrkanrnoro +nopnec+na; paccmo+pennre n kynr+ypnon
nepcnek+nne, onn 6yy+ cnsanr c connanrno npnsnannrmn nennoc+mn, onpeennmnmn
o+nomenne komnosn+opa k ero npemec+nennnkam n mec+o ero mysrkn n nckycc+ne noo6me; n,
nakonen, na .+on ocnone mr cmoem onenn+r ns6pannre o6pasnr kak cnmnonnsannn
onpeennnrx apxe+nnnnecknx c+pyk+yp.
<c+p. 133>


<c+p. 134>

<c+p. 135>

<c+p. 136>

<c+p. 137>

<c+p. 138>

Andante Apn

+OPMAIHMH POBEHI

OBEAB OPFAHHBAHHB

O+kpr+a cknosna qopma co cna6rm
namkom na cnmme+pnm n nepnonnnoc+r; nn
onn pasen ne non+ope+c n +onnoc+n: nac+r
konnae+c ne na +onnke, a na omnnan+e (V/e),
ko+opa, onako, paspemae+c n G-dur
dnnana.
Tonanrno samkny+a qopma da capo (ABA) c
+onnon penpnson, karn pasen ko+opon
+ake +pxnac+en n c+poro cnmme+pnnen.

B kon+ekc+e ncero connnenn 6nyamma
nmnponnsann-nn+epnmn mey
"+nprmn" n neneyc+pemnnnrmn kpannnmn
nac+mn.
Cymmnpymmnn n+or-o+knnk na pacckas o
Tannon Benepe n npnnac+nn Xpnc+a (NN13-
19): konnen+pnponannoe nrpaenne nen n
nrsrnaemrx em nync+n, sanna+nnnrx n
+ekc+e.

Me+aqopnneckn, .+o +enenne,
nenpeckasyemo npoknarnammee n
menmmee cno pycno.
Peannsann Geschtalt-qopmr, sanonnenne
reome+pnneckn npannnrnoro n+koro nnana.


PHTM H CTPOEHHE

Hocneona+enrnoc+r c+pyk+ypnrx ennc+n
pasnon nnnr. Ho+ak+onoe c+poenne
(+ema+nneckn poc+nennre pasenr
pacnonoenr pyr no pyrom) +akono:
C+pyk+ypnre rpynnr ennoo6pasnr n
npannnrnr na pe nepapxnnecknx yponnen:
(4+4)+(2+2+5)+ A B A
+(3+[2+1]+4)+ 30 18 30
+2+2+3+2+2+4+2)+ 6 + 6 + 12 + 6. 7 + 4 + 7 n +. .
+(2+3+5)+ 2+2+2 4+4+4
n +. .

+([4+2]+[4+2]+4. 1+1 n +. .

Bnno ononnn+enrnrn pn+m o+nenae+
cno6onon ec+onon npnpoe nanora mey
ronocamn. "Cna6a" 6nyamma rapmonn
nrrnn+ kak no6onnrn npoyk+ +ekynero
nonnqonnneckoro nnenn n ne nnne+ na
qopmoo6pasonanne.
Hocneona+enrno ennmrn pn+m n cone+annn c
npoc+rmn .neprnnnrmn rapmonnmn
oprannsye+ qopmy n nenom n e nopasenenn.
<c+p. 139>

TOHAhBHBE COOTHOEEHHB

e G h D e G D G e h G D G
I III V VII V/e I V I VI III I V I

Hoc+enennrn oprannnnrn poc+ no npemenn,
ap+nkynnpyemrn nokanrnrmn ycnonnmn n
nync+nom mepr. Tonanrna pasomkny+oc+r.
Peannsann nnenpemennon konc+pyknnn,
ynpannema o6mnm nync+nom
nanpannennoc+n n nponopnnn nenoro.


MEhOHHECKOE COEPXAHHE

B cxeme na c+p. 137 crpynnnponanr Apn nponno nokon+c na kpnc+annnsonannon
nanenmne menonneckne qparmen+r
Andante (nnqpamn o6osnanenr nomepa
+ak+on). Hx nocneona+enrnoc+r nrrnn+
kak p "napnannn 6es +emr". Hoo6no
naponon necne nnn nmnponnsannn na ocnone
pa+n, secr napnan+r ne npenonaram+
nannnne "+nporo" nnnapnan+a. Onn
o6rennm+c na ocnone naa, nrnn ero
menonneckne n nrpasn+enrnre no+ennnn.
C+poro ronop, .+n napnan+r a+ema+nnnr.
menonneckon nee, nsnoennon n nepnrx
mec+n +ak+ax; sa+em ona nosnpamae+c
nennkom nnn nac+nnno, cnya nerko
ysnanaemrm nc+onnnkom nponsnonrx
menonnecknx nen (cm. nnnmm rpynny
npnmepon na c+p.136). Tema+nneckoe ennc+no
komnosnnnn, c+pyk+ypna n
qopmoo6pasymma ponr menonkn
npenemam+ knaccnko-poman+nneckym
konnennnm qopmr konna XVIII nanana
XIX nn.


POOBOH YPOBEHB
Eec+r Bpanen6yprcknx konnep+on Baxa nanncanr n 1721 roy; C+pac+n no Ma+qem
(n +pe+ren peaknnn) 6rnn sakonnenr k 1739 roy. Xo+ namn na npnmepa npnnanea+
onomy n +omy e komnosn+opy n pasenenr ncero 18 roamn, onn npec+annm+ pasnre
mysrkanrnre .noxn, emonc+pnpym+ kon+pac+nre +nnr +nopneckoro noneenn n o+paam+
necxone +nnr o+nomenn k mysrke co c+oponr kak mysrkan+on, +ak n cnyma+enen.
Ham ne nomoe+ (ckopee nne+ n sa6nyenne) +o o6c+o+enrc+no, n+o Konnep+r
6rnn nanncanr n nopa kns Anxanr+ K++enckoro, a C+pac+n n nm+epanckon nepknn.
Hon+r nn+epecymmee nac pasnnnne ne nomorae+ n anpona xpononorn: o6pamenne Baxa o+
+pannnn Concerto Grosso k C+pac+m o+ cne+ckon
<c+p. 140>
mysrkn k pennrnosnon nonce ne 6rno nepexoom o+ c+apon +pannnn k 6onee nonon.
Hanpo+nn, n 6axonckne npemena konnep+ 6rn em mono, +ora kak C+pac+n, kak nsnec+no,
cymec+nonann n mysrkanrnom nsnoennn c X neka, a n c+nne ncanmonn c IV neka.
Poonre kon+ekc+r namnx o6pasnon, cnoco6nre o6rcnn+r nopasn+enrnre pasnnnn
mey nnmn, ne n nepnym oneper onpeenm+c anpamn, qopmamn nnn nx renesncom. Onn
nknmnam+ +ake +pannnn n nopoammne npnnnnnr +nopneckoro noneenn, ko+opre
kpnc+annnsym+c n orma+nsnpym+c n anpax n qopmax, no oc+am+c npn .+om ak+nnnrm
nnrm nananom, noc+onno c+nmynnpymmnm nx nepecmo+p n o6nonnenne. C .+on +onkn
spenn pasnnnne nnn+c cneymmnm o6pasom.
Concerto (nsnananrno +o e, n+o consort), n mnpokom cmrcne, .+o cornamenne nyx
nnn 6onee nenonek nnn rpynn, ynac+nymmnx n ocymec+nnennn kakoro-nn6o nnana, samrcna
nnn npenpn+n; ennc+no, cornaconannoc+r (Oxford English Dictionary). B mysrke .+o+
+epmnn osnanae+ ynepennoc+r n conmec+non nrpe nnn nennn; ancam6nr, nnenr ko+oporo
nsanmoenc+nym+ n conepnnnam+ kak pannre, npenara anr+epna+nnnre +onkonann onon
mysrkanrnon nen, nnn o6cyam+ e, o6mennnacr y+nepennmn n o+ne+amn. 3+o
cno6ona nanornnecka nrpa cnon+annrx mysrkanrnrx ec+on c cnnrnrm .nemen+om
nmnponnsannn nonnnnon, ncxomen o+ mysrkan+on, nnn nmn+nponannon komnosn+o pom n
sakpennnnon n no+nom +ekc+e. Hecnemnoe nnenne, xapak+epnoe n cpenen nac+n
Konnep+a, o6ecnennnae+ makcnmym nnnnnyanrnon cno6or n naprnponannn menonneckoro
ma+epnana n nccneonannn ckpr+rx n nem nrpasn+enrnrx nosmonoc+en.
C+pac+n e, kak nn+yprnnecka qopma, nanpo+nn, c+poro cneym+ +ekc+y Enanrenn
n xoy onncrnaemrx n nm pama+nnecknx co6r+nn. Cnona Enanrenn, nocneona+enrnoc+r
co6r+nn n nopok nonec+nonann o nnx cnmennr n +ak e nensmennr, kak cama nc+opn
c+paannn n cmep+n Xpnc+a. Bc .+o, ec+ec+nenno, pesko orpannnnnae+ nnnnym cno6oy
nrpasn+enrnoc+n n nnnnna+nny kak komnosn+opa, +ak n mysrkan+on n enae+
nmnponnsannonnoc+r oco6enno neymec+non. Bonee +oro, n o+nnnne o+ meccr, nepkonnon
opa+opnn n kan+a+r, nosnonnmnx komnosn+opy yc+anannnna+r rn6koe pannonecne mey
cnonamn n mysrkon, nonec+nona+enrna npnpoa C+pac+en o+nonna mysrke ckpomnym
nonnnnnym ponr. Bax penonmnnonnsnponan .+y qopmy, norpysnn +pannnonno
omnnnpymmne penn+a+nnr n .monnonanrno nacrmennym cpey n cosan ce+r onopnrx
mysrkanrnrx nynk+on n nne xopanon, xopon, apnn n ancam6nen, n ko+oprx o6o6mae+c n
nonpknnae+c cmrcn
<c+p. 141>
nocneona+enrnrx qas nonec+nonann. Bce .+n nc+annre nomepa nanncanr na
noc+oponnne, ne-enanrenrckne +ekc+r. Karn ns nnx o6pasye+ samkny+oe nnc+o
mysrkanrnoe npoc+panc+no n konnen+pnpye+c na onon onpeennnon nee, cn+yannn nnn
nync+ne. Karn na npem oc+anannnnae+ xo nonec+nonann, ko+opoe sa+em noso6nonne+c
o cneymmero mysrkanrnoro nomepa.
3+o pemenne nc+nenno ronopn+ o nnnnnn onepnon manepr nsnoenn me+oa
nepeonann penn+a+nnon, nnrammnx enc+nne n cme+, n samkny+rx mysrkanrnrx nomepon
(n+o n cone+annn c nacrmennon .kcnpeccnen apnn, xopanon n xopon n C+pac+x nomorae+
non+r snamenn+oe nocknnnanne non+ennon ma+ponr nocne nx nepnoro ncnonnenn: 'Boe
ynacn nac, e+n mon! Mr kak 6y+o npnmnn n komnneckym onepy!").
H+o6r nrnonnn+r nosnoennym na nnx qynknnm, mysrkanrnre nomepa +pe6onann
samkny+on, xopomo ypannonemennon, kpnc+annnsonannon qopmr, pknm npnmepom ko+opon
moe+ cnyn+r o6cyaema namn Apn
Pasnnnn mey nen n Andante ns Bpanen6yprckoro konnep+a na yponne nx
oprannsannn mono cymmnpona+r cneymmnm o6pasom:

Andante Apn

HEhOE

Pasomkny+a nenr nenpeprnnrx nsmenennn. Bamkny+a kpnc+annonoo6na cnc+ema
cnmme+pnn n nponopnnn.

Hmnponnsannonnoe pasnn+ne, nanpannemoe
mec+nrm kon+ekc+om.
Komnosnnnonna c+pyk+ypa na ocnone
c+a+nnnon nen.

nnenne n naonom npoc+panc+ne. An+onomna reome+pn nenoro.

HOBEEHHE

Hccneonanne nnc+o mysrkanrnrx
nosmonoc+en
Y+nepenne nnemysrkanrnoro +esnca.

nnnnnyannsnponannoe rn6koe kpacnopenne. nnennnna npeyc+anonnenna nornka.

<c+p. 142>
YCTAHOBKA HA...

na6nmenne sa xoom pasnn+n,
menonnecknmn napnan+amn n +onanrnrmn
kone6annmn:
cxna+rnanne nenoc+non qopmr,
menonnecknx c+pyk+yp n +onanrnrx
o+nomennn;

nanor-co6eceonanne ynac+nymmnx
ronocon
paspa6o+ky menonneckoro +esnca

c onopon na npecymec+nymmym uo(en. c opnen+annen na c+epeo+nn qopum.


KYhBTYPHBH YPOBEHB

Ye +enepr onno 6r+r cno, n+o pasnnnn, nrnnennre n xoe cpannn+enrnoro
anannsa, ne cnonmr k pasnnnnm mey pasnrmn c+oponamn 6axonckoro c+nn, n+o onn
kopen+c mnoro rny6e n ne mory+ 6r+r ncnepnrnamme o6rcnenr oco6ennoc+mn
ncnonrsonannrx anpon. Ho mepe pacmnpenn kon+ekc+a anannsa, ns6pannre o6pasnr
nannnam+ nocnpnnnma+rc kak qokanrnre +onkn nyx pacxomnxc nc+opnnecknx
nepcnek+nn. Fny6nna pasnnnnn mey nnmn c+anonn+c onennnon, ecnn saa+rc nonpocamn o
mrcnennon cn+yannn komnosn+opa, ero no6yennx n nnymnx mo+nnax, o+nomennn k
camomy ce6e, cnoen mysrke n nckycc+ny noo6me. 3+n nepcnek+nnr +ak e necxon, kak
nanmaq+r, ko+opre mono na6nma+r c ropnon rpr, pasenmmen pesko necxone
cenepnym n mnym knnma+nneckne sonr, npnponre cper n ycnonn nsnn.
B menonneckom nponecce, na6nmaemom n Andante, mono nne+r mnnna+mpnoe
noo6ne +oro nponecca, ns ko+oporo nrpocnn .+a nac+r n nenom n cam Konnep+. Hm o6onm
kanonnnecka nmn+ann. Pasymee+c, .+o+ +epmnn yno+pe6ne+c secr ne n +exnnneckom, a n
cno6onom me+aqopnneckom cmrcne. B Andante cneye+ ronopn+r o6 nmn+annn n mnpokom
cmrcne n cmrcne nopaann, konnponann, non+openn n ae noenkn (ko+oprn, kak
6ye+ nnno anee, n annom cnynae ne npenonarae+ nn manenmero o++enka
npeocyn+enrnoc+n). Fonoca nepeym+c, n nx menonneckoe coepanne noc+onno
mene+c, kak n nanore, re co6ecennkn non+opm+ c nenonrnrmn napnannmn nnn
namepenno nepeqpasnpym+ pyr pyra, +em npemenem nponnra +enenne 6ecer n xo
o6cyenn.
<c+p. 143>
Hc+opnnecka nepcnek+nna, npoc+npammac o+ .+on +onkn n npomnoe, +ake
nnn+c kak mnoronekonrn saxna+rnammnn nanor mysrkanrnrx y+nepennn n o+ne+on. On
+oe pasnnnanc ny+m nmn+annn n cneonann kanonam nesr6nemrm npannnam
mysrkanrnoro noneenn, ko+opre, noo6no nm6rm nnrm npannnam noneenn, ne noam+c
ckonrko-nn6yr nonnomy +eope+nneckomy onncannm n cymec+nym+ +onrko n nne npnmepon
n nopaann. Cneonanne +aknm npnmepam, nmn+nponanne moenen nonn+anocr nrcmen
o6poe+enrm xyonnka n cnynno nrcmnm onpanannem ero nckycc+na.
<+2-2 .+o co6c+nennoe nanmenonanne onpeennnon qopmr nnsan+nnckon nepkonnon
mysrkn VIII neka, n onncannn ko+opon 3ron Bennec nonpknnae+ e cymnoc+noe o+nnnne o+
nosnenmero +nnnnno sananoro nonnmann qopmr.

Kanon nne+c nonnomennem npnnnnna... nanoro n ncero noc+onnoro
nckycc+na, a nmenno, npnnnnna non+openn n naprnponannmrcnn, nso6paenn
nnn mysrkanrnon nen. ...Enponeen cosa+ nponsneenne nckycc+na, opnen+npycr na
ynnkanrnrn kpa+knn .monnonanrno nacrmennrn momen+ .c+e+nneckoro nocnpn+n;
noc+onnrn xyonnk non+ope+ o6pas nnn cna6ae+ ero non+n neynonnmrmn
napnannmn, +ak n+o nocnpn+ne ero c+anonn+c cnoero poa men+annen. ...Kora or
kanona sannn mec+o kan+nknon, onn nocnpnnnmanncr kak semnre cnmnonr ne6ecnrx
rnmnon+onno +ak e, kak nennr cnmnonnsnponann anrenon. ...O cno6onom
nnnnnyannsnponannom o6pamennn c +emon ne morno 6r+r n penn. ...Komnosn+op ne
onen 6rn connn+r opnrnnanrnym +emy n nonoro kanona: ero saana 6rna ckopee
saanen ckpomnoro pemecnennnka, c+pemmeroc npn6ann+r k nonn+aemomy o6pasny-
moenn nen+o npnemnemoe pan +oro, n+o6r cena+r ero em pne, npekpacnee nnn
n+o6r o6ann+r k nemy ne6onrmne napnannn. Menonn, ko+opre nenncr n nepknn, n
n komnosn+opa, n n konrperannn 6rnn nmn+annen noxnonennrx rnmnon cn+rx n
nennkomynennnkon no cnany Bonm; a +e, n cnom oneper, nmn+nponann
neymonkammne 6oec+nennre necnonenn anrenon na ne6ecax. [61]

Bepa n +o, n+o nenonenecka mysrka nmee+ 6oec+nennoe nponcxoenne, a
mysrkan+ .+o ncero nnmr e onekyn, naennnrn oco6rm +anan+om n necymnn oco6ym
o+ne+c+nennoc+r, xapak+epna n mnornx mnponrx kynr+yp n o cpannn+enrno neannero
npemenn rocnoc+nonana n n sananon kynr+ype. Mysrkan+, pasenmmnn .+y nepy, menrme
ncero cnn+an npoyk+r cnoero +anan+a n +pya co6c+nennrmn +nopennmn nnn
co6c+nennoc+rm. Cokponnmnnna mysrkn, ns ko+opon on nepnan cno noxnonenne n n ko+opym
nnocnn cnom nocnnrnym nen+y, npnnaneana o6mec+ny n
<c+p. 144>
nenom kak nac+r o6men yxonnon cper n o6mnn yxonnrn nc+onnnk. 3+a mysrka cnmenna,
ae ecnn .+o nrpa ramenana na 6pannon nnn nnon nepemonnn, cone+ammac c nennem n
+annamn, 6narononnrmn kypennmn, nne+amn, y+onnnnrmn 6nmamn n onnnnnrmn
pasronopamn, mysrka, ko+opym mr onpeennnn 6r kak npnknanym, qononym. Ynac+ne n
cnmennom ak+e ne oc+anne+ mec+a n nnnnrx npnxo+en, co6c+nennnnec+na nnn nync+na
ropoc+n oc+nrny+rm. Bnponem, cmnpenne ne o6sa+enrno nrpaae+c n 6naronec+nnon nose:
ono moe+ nea+r n ocnone n a6conm+no ec+ec+nennoro, ae manonnnnoro noneenn n ne
nyae+c no nnemnnx npnsnakax onpeennnon pennrnosnon npnnanenoc+n n mnpe,
ko+oprn cam nonn+ae+c cnmennrm. Kak o+menae+ Mnpcna 3nnae,

B apxannecknx o6mec+nax nenonek c+apae+c nackonrko .+o nosmono n+r n
cnmennom nnn n +ecnon 6nnsoc+n k cnmennrm o6rek+am. 3+o c+pemnenne non+r
ne+pyno: n nmen nepno6r+nrx n ncex oconpemennrx o6mec+n cnnmennoe
pannosnanno uorymecvny n, n konennom cne+e, peannocvn. Cnmennoe nacrmeno
6mvneu. ...Cneye+ cpasy e ckasa+r, n+o nonnocv cne+cknn mnp, conepmenno
ecakpannsonannrn kocmoc cpannn+enrno neannee nnenne n nc+opnn
nenoneneckoro yxa,., n+o ecakpannsannen o+menen necr onr+ nepennrnosnoro
nenoneka conpemennoro o6mec+na, n n+o no.+omy emy nc +pynee sanono o+kprna+r
n ce6 .ksnc+ennnanrnre nsmepenn pennrnosnoro nenoneka apxannecknx o6mec+n.
[62]

B name npem, nocne onroro ny+n, nponennoro mysrkon sa nocnenne +pn-ne+rpe
c+one+n, +pyno sanono omy+n+r yx, nnymnn n Konnep+ax n neko+oprx pyrnx o6pasnax
6axonckon mysrkn. On, kak n ero npemec+nennnkn, ena nn nonnn 6r Manepa, sannnmero,
n+o connnn+r cnmqonnm snann+ n nero ncemn oc+ynnrmn cpec+namn komnosnnnonnon
+exnnkn noc+pon+r mnp. Y nnx ne 6rno no+pe6noc+n c+pon+r cnon, nnnnnyanrnre mnpr,
no+omy n+o onn naxonnn ce6 n ro+onom mnpe cnmennom nnn ocnmnnom ne +onrko n ne
o6sa+enrno n orma+nneckn pennrnosnom cmrcne, no ye n cnny +oro, n+o n .+om mnpe nnn,
n+o ero pasennn n kynr+nnnponann nx npekn na npo+ennn mnornx nokonennn. Onn nnenn
.+o+ mnp, nckycc+no n camnx ce6 ne nnnnnyanrnrm, a konnek+nnnrm okom. Onn ne
npn+sann na cosanne opnrnnanrnrx, 6ecnpeneen+nrx nen n xyoec+nennrx konnennnn,
no 6naroronenno cneonann nonn+aemrm o6pasnam n moenm. Hx cmnpennrn +py nepeko
6rnan noxnonennrm, a ero nnor o+menenr nena+rm nx nnnnnyanrnrx +anan+on n
mac+epc+na.
<c+p. 145>
Ha .+on o6men nonne mysrkan+r monore n c+apre coc+annnn ennym
o6mnny, +pynnncr coo6ma n co+pynnnann.
Hsnec+no, n+o orpomna macca connnennn Baxa nonnnacr kak nopaanne manepam
pyrnx mac+epon ero npemec+nennnkon n c+apmnx conpemennnkon, nemenknx, n+anrncknx
n qpannyscknx. B knannpnrx cmn+ax on cneye+ npnmepam Cnennnka, dpo6eprepa n
Kynepena; oprannre qyrn nocxo+ k o6pasnam Bykc+exye, dpecko6anrn n Haxenr6en;
neko+opre 6axonckne qyrn npec+annm+ co6on ne n+o nnoe, kak +panckpnnnnn nac+en +pno-
cona+ herpennn, Kopennn n Anr6nnonn; a n Konnep+ax on n+ no c+onam nnnanr-nencknx
concerti grossi.
B .+om o+nomennn Bax o+nmr ne 6rn ncknmnennem. Banmc+nonann menonneckoro
n kon+panynk+nneckoro ma+epnana, nnnnrx o+prnkon nnn nenrx nac+en nynx connnennn,
napaqpasr n naponn (n nepnonananrnom, ne npeocyn+enrnom cmrcne .+oro cnona), o6men
mysrkanrnrmn nso6pe+ennmn, ncnonrsonanne onnx n +ex e nen, npenonecenne nx pyr
pyry n kanec+ne noapka nc .+o 6rno neo+ennmon nac+rm +on o6mnnnon a+mocqepr, n
ko+opon nnn n +nopnnn mysrkan+r nnno+r o konna XVIII neka, nknmna Fanna. Onn ns
xopon opa+opnn Fenen Hspannr n Ernn+e, nanpnmep, npec+anne+ co6on +onnym, no+a n
no+y, +panckpnnnnm nnc+pymen+anrnon kannonr komnosn+opa cepennr XVII neka Bko6a
Kpn. Ho .+omy nonoy Xapman n Mnnnep samenam+: B nepnon nononnne nocemnana+oro
neka nnk+o ne c+an 6r nospaa+r npo+nn me+oa komnnnnnn (pasticcio-making). [63]
Kora n 1920 roy C+pannncknn nanan pasnnna+r co6c+nennym pasnonnnoc+r
neoknaccnnnsma, ocnonannym, kak on cam o6rcnn, na nepeenke c+aprx moenen, on
nr+anc nocc+anonn+r +nopneckym a+mocqepy, anno y+panennym, rny6oko nyym
xyoec+nennon npak+nke npomnoro n nrnemnero c+one+nn. Ec+r nen+o cnmnonnnnoe n +om,
n+o emy npnmnocr pasenn+r cnon oxor o+ He+pymkn c neknm mnc+epom Cnencepom,
sannnmnm an+opckne npana na ony ns menonn, ncnonrsonannrx n .+om 6ane+e, ko+opym
C+pannncknn ycnrman o+ ynnnnoro mapmanmnka n ne6onrmom qpannysckom ropoke n cnn
anonnmnon naponon necnen.
Ymno n ankoe npomnoe npem, kora no cnonom napon nonnmanc mnpoko
pacnpoc+pannnrn me+o komnosnnnn, cnsannrn c sanmc+nonannmn ns connnennn pyrnx
an+opon; c konna XFV o nanana XVII neka .+nm me+oom nepeko nonrsonanncr n cnonx
naponnnrx meccax Okerem, O6pex+, Hanec+pnna, Opnano n hacco n pyrne nennkne
mac+epa.
<c+p. 146>
A+mocqepa okonna+enrno nepemennnacr k konny XVIII neka. 3+o mono o6rcnn+r
nnnnnem nonrx kommepnecknx o+nomennn, cknarnanmnxc n non+n nonnoc+rm
cekynpnsonannrx 6ypyasnrx o6mec+nax, +opec+nom .ronc+nneckoro nnnnnyannsma,
o+nynnoc+n, nakonn+enrc+na n npenpamennem nac+non co6c+nennoc+n n mopanrnrn
npnnnnn. To, n+o nekora cnn+anocr oc+onnrm, +enepr nocnpnnnmae+c kak npnsnak
+nopneckon cna6oc+n: naponen c+ana nasrna+rc kapnka+ypa, n nmn+annn nnn+c
.nnronc+no, sanmc+nonanne ocyae+c kak nnarna+, a .+nky o6mnnnoro nnaenn yxonnrmn
nennoc+mn samennn konnpan+.
Y+pa+nn +pannnn .+on nenrnon, mononn+non cper, komnosn+opr cocpeo+onnnn
cnon ycnnn na nrpa6o+ke n coxpanennn cnoero nnnnoro c+nn, na nso6pe+ennn nonrx
necnrxannrx npnmon n cpec+n, c+apacr nocnena+r sa 6rc+po menmmnmnc
neonornnecknmn ycnonnmn npemenn n kanpnsnrmn nkycamn ny6nnkn, c+pemcr nm6on nenon
6r+r oco6rmn n nporpeccnnnrmn.
B .+on pas6erammenc ncenennon nanason o6meoc+ynnrx n
o6meyno+pe6n+enrnrx cpec+n nenpeprnno cokpamanc. Hockonrky cam mysrkanrnrn srk
c+an apenon conepnnnec+na n pennnno oxpanemon npnnanenoc+rm nnnnoro c+nn, +o
nocnennm, n+o oc+ananocr o+ 6rc+po ncnesanmero o6mero oc+onn, 6rna rpamma+nka .+oro
srka: a6c+pak+na nnennnna nornka +onanrnoc+n, y+nepnnmnxc qopm n anpon sannn
mec+o cokponnmnnnr nekora o6mero mysrkanrnoro srka, cnepxnnnnrx moenen,
nepexonnmnx ns nokonenn n nokonenne, n non+n nnenc+opnnecknx kanonon, kopennnmnxc n
ocnmnnom mnpe.
Baxoncka Apn 6rna nn+nrm cnmn+omom 6nnsoc+n nonon .pr n sananon
mysrkanrnon kynr+ype, ko+opon npec+ono cone+a+r npesnrnanno nn+encnnnre .monnn n
nnnnrn xapak+ep .kcnpeccnn c nnennnnon reome+pnneckon nornkon mysrkanrnon
oprannsannn.

APXETHHHHECKHH YPOBEHB

B saknmnenne namero anannsa oc+anocr npn6ann+r nemnoroe. Hpnsna+r, n+o
ns6pannre o6pasnr 6axonckon mysrkn npec+annm+ ne necrma pasnre cnc+emr
mysrkanrnrx nennoc+en n mysrkanrnoro noneenn, snann+ ncero na mar o+c+o+r o+
nonnmann nx kak npoyk+on nyx xpononornneckn nocneona+enrnrx nepno-
<c+p. 147>
on n nc+opnn sananon mysrkn. 3+y xapak+epnc+nky mono pacmnpn+r, ckasan, n+o Andante
4-ro Bpanen6yprckoro konnep+a n Apn ns C+pac+en no Ma+qem npo+nnonononr n cnoen
opnen+annn: nepnoe emonc+pnpye+ nennoc+n n +nn +nopneckoro noneenn, xapak+epnre n
oconpemennrx (3nnae), nesananrx, +ak nasrnaemrx npnmn+nnnrx n +pannnonnrx
kynr+yp, n+opa e npnnanen+ k kynr+ype, ko+opa o6rnno nmenye+c sananon.
Moanrnoe n +onanrnoe n sarononke .+oro pasena .+n c+anap+nre non+n
+eopnn mysrkn ncnonrsym+c secr n pacmnpennom cmrcne, ko+oprn +pe6ye+ kpa+koro
nocnenn. Tepmnn moanrnoc+r nponcxon+ o+ na+nnckoro kopn mode, pacnpoc+pannnoro
n sananrx srkax, no ne nmemmero pycckoro .knnnanen+a. B mysrkosnannn on necrma
ne+onno nepenon+c cnonom na, nmemmnm cymec+nenno nnon cmrcn. (Bameny nony+no,
n+o cnono na +ake ne nmee+ +onnoro nepenoa na enponenckne srkn.) Hpec+annenne o
ceman+nneckom cnek+pe non+n mode nosnonm+ coc+ann+r ero nponsnonre +akne, kak
modus, modus vivendi, model, modal, ns ko+oprx mnorne nomnn n pyccknn srk, noponn
o+enrnym ceman+nneckym rpynny: moa (manepa, qacon), moenr (o6pasen, npnmep),
moenrep, moennponanne n +.. B 6onee mnpokom snanennn o6pasa enc+nn, o6pasa
noneenn, cneonann o6pasny, peannsannn moenn non+ne moanrnoc+r n 6ye+
ncnonrsona+rc secr.
Konnennn moanrnoro n +onanrnoro nomoe+, no-nepnrx, konkpe+nsnpona+r n
nrpasn+r n mysrkanrnrx non+nx mnpokym nxo+omnm moenn n qopmr, cymmnponan +o,
n+o 6rno ckasano panee o pasnnnnx mey nym ns6pannrmn mysrkanrnrmn o6pasnamn, n,
no-n+oprx, noccosa+r o6mym kap+nny nyx mysrkanrno-.konornnecknx cnc+em n
coo+ne+c+nymmnx nm ncnxonornnecknx yc+anonok mysrkan+a, +nnon ero noneenn n onr+a.
Yo6nee n narnnee ncero .+o cena+r nocpec+nom cpannenn conoc+annmrx
onpeenennn.

MOAhBHOE TOHAhBHOE
Mode+Moenr Ton

Ycnonn, nanpannmmne mysrkanrnoe
noneenne.
nckpe+nrn .nemen+, coo+ne+c+nymmnn
onnonnomy snyky.

Hn+epnannsonannoe, kanec+nenno
nnnnnyanrnoe npoc+panc+no.
Tonennrn, konennrn, konnnec+nenno
onpeennmrn o6rek+.


<c+p. 148>
Bocnpnnnmae+c kak nnamnneckoe none Bocnpnnnmae+c n ero o+nomennn k pyrnm
onpeenennon konqnrypannn. +onam.

O6rennmmnn qak+op nrpasn+enrnoc+n. C+pyk+ypna ennnna.

Hpenonarae+ mnoec+nennoc+r nnnennrx
nnanon.
O6pasye+ qnkcnponannre c+pyk+ypr,
cosnesn, onep+ann.

Cnoco6c+nye+ cnon+annrm enc+nnm na
ocnone cno6ono o6ycnonnennon
nocneona+enrnoc+n.
Cnoco6c+nye+ qopmynnponannm sapanee
npoymannrx nen, cnsannrx o6mnm nnanom.


Moanrna cnc+ema Tonanrna cnc+ema

Henpeprnnoe cnsnoe ennc+no,
onnpammeec na menonky.
Ennc+no mnornx nac+en, oprannsyemoe
rapmonnen.

Cpec+no nrpaenn coc+onn. Cpec+no y+nepenn nornkn.

Apxe+nnnnecka cpea, onpeenmma n
okpamnnamma nn+epnpe+annm nr6pannon
moenn.
C+epeo+nnnsnpymmnn oprannsa+op
mysrkanrnon nenoc+noc+n.

O+kpr+rn neonpeennmrn +eneonornnecknn
nponecc, sanncmnn o+ konkpe+noc+n
nokanrnoro kon+ekc+a.
Bamkny+rn, qynknnonanrno
kon+ponnpyemrn nponecc n rpannnax
camooc+a+onnoro nenoro.

Me+a6onnsm (nnam). Fem+anr+ (kpnc+ann).

Onr+ npnnac+noc+n k ennc+ny mnpa,
o+oec+nnenn c nnm.
Onr+ cosepnann ymonoc+nnmoro ennc+na.

Hanpannena na nync+nonanne. Hanpannena na mrcnr.

An+opn+e+ nnc+nnk+a. An+opn+e+ nn+ennek+a.


ne 6axonckne nrecr .+o nnmr kpomenna, non+n nayra nr6panna nnnmc+pann
kon+pac+a mey nym morymec+nennrmn cnc+emamn, ko+opre cocymec+nym+ n
conepnnnam+ sa nnac+r na ncnxonornneckon cn+yannen n +nopnecknm noneennem mysrkan+a.
Hx cocymec+nonanne o+nmr ne orpannnnnae+c nepexonrm nepnoom 6axonckoro npemenn n
neo6rcnnmo +onrko cnn+esnpymmnm
<c+p. 149>
xapak+epom ero +nopnec+na. Hoo6nrn kon+pac+ mono o6napyn+r n +om nnn nnom nne no
mnornx ynac+kax nc+opnn sananon mysrkn. He orpannnnnae+c on n sananon mysrkon: nan
n nen noc+onnoe nanano, mr 6es comnenn cmornn 6r nan+n sananoe nanano n
mysrkanrnrx kynr+ypax Boc+oka n pyrnx nac+en cne+a.
3+o+ kon+pac+ na6nmae+c noncmy, re cymec+nye+ pasnnnne mey nornkon
nync+nonannn n nornkon mrcnn, mey 6r+nem n enc+nnem, cymec+nonannem no npemenn n
6opr6on c npemenem, mey npnnac+noc+rm k ennomy noymenanrnomy mnpy n onepnponannem
o6rek+amn n mnpe qenomenon.
To, ko+opa ns nyx cnc+em c+anonn+c omnnnpymmen, sanncn+ n konennom cn+e o+
xapak+epa npeo6naammnx ncnxonornnecknx apxe+nnon o+ nepnne+nn nponecca
nnnnnyannn n o+enrnrx nmx, rpynnax n nenrx kynr+ypax. Kpyrona narpamma n
nperymem pasene .+on rnanr moe+ a+r knmn k 6onee +onknm n pasnoo6pasnrm
napnannm ncnxonornnecknx cnc+em, ko+opre nonynnnn secr nens6eno cxema+nnnoe
onncanne.

<c+p. 150>
HPHMEHAHHB
1 Gregory Bateson. "Introduction: The Science of Mind and Order," Steps to An
Ecology of Mind, Ballantine Books (New York, 1977), pp. xxiv-xxv; "Double Bind, 1969",
Ibidem, c.272.
2 Aniela Jaffe. "Symbols in the Visual Arts," Man and His Symbols, C Jung, ed. A
Windfall Books, Doubleday & Co, Inc. (New York, 1964), cc..240-249. Bsanmoo6pa+nmoc+r
nonnr n kpy+a nonynnna o+paenne n rnoc+nnecknx cnmnonax n mnqonornnecknx o6pasax
smen n pr6r. Kak nokasrnae+ Knr, n smen, n pr6r npec+annm+c nrmemnmn ns rny6nnr
n +rmr, aqua doctrinaenor nsnn, ko+opa conepmenc+nye+ nm6ym npnpoy n e
nnnnnyanrnoc+n n +aknm o6pasom a+ nenrnoc+r n nenoneky.
C. G. Jung. Aion. Researches into the Phenomenology of the Self. The
Collected Works of C G. Jung, vol.9, part H, Bollingen Series XX
(Princeton, 1979), c.185.
3 G. E. R. Lloyd. "Views of Time in Greek Thought," Cultures and Time, The
UNESCO Press (Paris, 1976), c.130;
Arthur Koestler. The Sleepwalkers. Pelican Books (1972), c 99.
4 Roger Reynolds. Mind Models. New Forms of Musical Experience (New York,
1975), c.80.
5 Judith Becker. 'Time and Tune in Java." okna, nponn+annrn na Meynaponon
konqepennnn no cemno+nke nckycc+na n Mnnnranckom ynnnepcn+e+e, 1978 (pykonncr)
6 Arthur Koestler. The Ghost in the Machine. Gateway (Chicago, 1967), cc.47-48.
7 Gregory Bateson. "Metalogue: How Much Do You Know?" Steps to An Ecology of
Mind, nn+. ns., cc.25-26.
8 Mary Douglas. Natural Symbols. Explorations in Cosmology. Vintage Books (New
York, 1973), c. 11.
9 John Dewey. Art as Experience. Capricorn Books (New York, 1958), c.4.
<c+p. 151>
10 Carl G. Jung.The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche," The Collected Works,
vol.8, par.737.
11 Carl G. Jung. "Psychological Types," The Collected Works, vol.6, par.621.
12 Arthur Koestler. TheSleepwalkers, nn+. ns., cc.38-39.
13 Curt Sachs. Our Musical Heritage (New York, 1948), cc.13-14
14 Margaret Vardell Sandersky. The Continuing Concept of the Platonic-Pythagorean
System and its Application to the Analysis of Fifteenth-Century Music," Music Theory Spectrum,
vol.1, 1977, cc.114,112,109.
15 Willi Apel. The Notation of Polyphonic Music, 900-1600. The Mediaeval Academy
of America (Cambridge, Mass., 1953), c.218.
16 Paul Henry Lang. Music in Western Civilization (W.W.Norton & Co, Inc., New
York, 1941), cc.139-140.
17 Curt Sachs. Rhythm and Tempo. A Study in Music History. (New York, 1953),
C.168.
18 Willi Apel. The Notation of Polyphonic Music, nn+. ns.. c. 199.
19 Tam e, c. 404.
20 Bce nn+a+r ns: Richard J. Wingell, "Anonymous XI and Questions of Terminology
in Theoretical Writings of the Middle Ages and Renaissance," Music Tlieory Spectrum, vol.1,1979,
cc.125-127.
21 The Natyasastra, ascribed to Bharata-Muni. Biblioteca Indica, A Collection of
Original Works, The Asiatic Society, Calcutta. Work No272, cc.161-162.
22 Musharaff Moulanna Khan. Pages in the Life of A Sufi. Sufi Publishing Co., 1971,
cc.118-119, 129-130.
23 Tam e. cc. 129. 64.
24 The Way of Life According to Lao-Tzu. Capricorn Books (New York, 1944), vers, 1,
32.
25 Curt Sachs. The History of Musical Instruments. J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd (London,
1942), c.164.
26 Judith Becker. Traditional Music in Modem Java. The University of Michigan, Ph.
D., 1972, c.2.
27 Curt Sachs. The History of Musical Instruments, nn+. ns., c. 188.
<c+p. 152>
28 Curt Sachs. The Wellsprings of Music. A Da Capo Paperback (New York, 1962),
c.220.
29 Tam e.
30 Hn+. no: Judith Becker. Traditional Music in Modem Java, c.31.
31 Apy+nn Tam6ypnc+. Pykonoc+no no noc+onnon mysrke. Epenan. 1968 (nep. c
+ypenkoro).
Bnakn pn+mnneckon no+annn ykasrnam+ kak na pacnonoenne, +ak n na +em6ponoe
kanec+no yapa. Onn nn+am+c cneymmnm o6pasom:



Ycynr, ynomnnaemre n +ekc+e, pacmnqponrnam+c cneymmnm o6pasom:


32 Afrnold Bake. "The Music of India," The New Oxford History of Music. Oxford
University Press (London, New York; Toronto, 1969), vol.1, c.218.
33 John Blacking. How Musical Is Man? University of Washington Press (Seattle and
London, 1974), c.50-52.
34 Walter Kaufmann. Musical Notation of the Orient. Indiana University Press
(Bloomington-London, 1967), c.4.
35 Colin McPhee. "Children and Music in Bali." Hn+. no: Alan Merriam, The
Anthropology of Music, Northwestern University Press, 1964, c.152.
36 Alan Merriam, The Anthropology of Music, nn+. ns., cc. 148,149-150.
37 Judith Becker. Traditional Music in Modern Java, nn+. ns., c.54.
38 Tam e, cc.50-51.
39 Musharaff Moulanna Khan. Pages in the Life of A Sufi, nn+. ns., c .123.
40 Tam e. C.61.
41 Michel Foucault. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences.
Vintage Books (New York, 1973), cxv.
<c+p. 153>
42 Judith Becker. "Some Thoughts About Patet; Javanese Musical Classification
System," pykonncr. 1977.
43 Claude Levi-Strauss. Mythologiques I, Le cru et le cuit (Paris, 1964), c.28.
44 James Frazer. The Golden Bough. A Study in Magic and Religion, vol.l. Macmillan
Publishing Company (New York), c.13.
45 Tam e. c.57.
46 Tam e, c.13.
47 Bronislaw Malinowsky. The Foundations of Faith and Morals. Oxford University
Press (London, 1936), c34.
48 Ernst Cassirer. An Essay On Man. Yale University Press (New Haven and London,
1944), c.81.
49 Tam e. c.76-77. 79.
50 Werner Heisenberg. The Physicist's Conception of Nature. Harcourt, Brace and
Company (New York, 1958), cc.20-21.
51 F. S. C. Northrop. The Meeting of East and West. Collier Books (New York, 1972),
cc.375-376.
52 Carl G. Jung. "The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche." The Collected Works
(Bollingen Series XX, Princeron, 1960), vol.8, par.600.
53 Joseph Campbell. "Editor's Introduction" to The Portable Jung. Penguin Books
(1977), c.xxvii.
54 Carl G. Jung. "The Difference Between Eastern and Western Thinking," The
Portable Jung. nn+. ns., c.491.
55 Carl G. Jung. Hpencnonne k: I Ching, or Book of Changes (nep. Wilhelm
Richard). The Collected Works, vol.11, pars.969-970.
56 Carl G. Jung. Kommen+apnn k: The Secret of the Golden Flower (nep. Wilhelm
Richard). The Collected Works, vol.13, par.8.
57 Tam e, par.72.
58 Carl G. Jung. Aion. Researches into the Phenomenology of the Self. The Collected
Works of C.G.. Jung, vol.9, part II, Bollingen Series XX (Princeton, 1979), C.190.
<c+p. 154>
59 Athanasius Kircher. Arithmologia, sive De abditis numerorum mysteriis (1665).
Hpnneeno n: Carl G. Jung. Aion, c 262 n anee. Knpxep nnme+:
Bc, nocnpnnnmaemoe nync+namn, onno no.+omy 6r+r nosnrmeno o pasyma nnn
o yma nnn o a6conm+noro ennc+na. Kora mr +aknm o6pasom npnnem a6conm+noe
ennc+no nasa k 6eckonenno npoc+omy o+ mnoec+nennoc+n ncero omymaemoro,
pannonanrnoro, nn+ennek+yanrnoro, +ora ronopn+r 6onrme 6ye+ ne o nem... Br moe+e
nne+r ns .+nx ennc+n, kak nocnpnnnmaemoe nync+namn nosnpamae+c o6pa+no k pasymy,
pasym k ymy, a ym k Bory, re n conepmennom kpyre o6napynnae+c nanano n cnepmenne.
3+nm ennc+nam-c+ynenm on a+ cneymmne xapak+epnc+nkn:
I. Ono - Hepna monaa - Bor - Kopenr ncex nemen Hpoc+enmee nonnmanne -
Boec+nenna cymnoc+r - Boec+nennrn o6pasen;
II. 10 - (1+2+3+4) - B+opa monaa - ona ec+a - yanrnoc+r - yxonnrn mnp - ym
anrenon - noc+poenne ns onoro n pyroro - +.e. ns onnosnnnn-npo+nnonononoc+en;
III. 10
2
- 100 - Tpe+r monaa - ona co+a - yma - nn+ennek+;
IV. 10
3
- 1000 - He+np+a monaa - ona +rcnna - nce konkpe+nre nemn - +eno -
okonna+enrnoe n konkpe+noe pasnp+rnanne ennc+n.
60 Carl G. Jung. "The Difference Between Eastern and Western Thinking," The
Portable Jung, nn+. ns.. c.482.
61 Egon Wellesz. "Byzantine Music," Proceedings of the Musical Association, 1932, 1.
Hn+. no: Gustav Reese, Music in the Middle Ages, W.W.Norton & Company (New York, 1940),
c.81.
62 Mircea Eliade. The Sacred and the Profane. A Harvest Book, Harcourt, Brace &
World, Inc. (New York, 1959), cc.12-13.
63 Alec Harman, Anthony Milner. Man and His Music. Part II. Barrie and Rockliff
(London, 1962), c.281.

<c+p. 155>
65+,+ F0*,L.*+8. !()#$#W%#
!+.*3K37+K38 Z*- 20 7.-4*-
*+324*,022-0 3 20-CD8423>-0 4538230
,0O0;, 7.3 A-*-.-> -23 -/2-,.0>022-
4-X.+28Y* 3 *0.8Y* 4,-3 -C53F35. (2+
,A5YF02+ , 4+>BY 7.3.-/B Z*3X ,0O0;.
?0@ 7+.*3K37+K33 -23 C=53 C=
20/-4*B72= /58 -7=*+: -23 C= 20
4BO04*,-,+53. ...!+.*3K37+K38
4-4*+,580* B45-,30 3X 4BO04*,-,+238,
,-@>-12-, 4+>-0 ,+12-0, -42-,2-0
B45-,30. I-12- 4A+@+*J: 4BO04*,-,+*J
@2+F3* C=*J 7.3F+4*2=> A 20A-;
>34*3F04A-; 4350, 4BO2-4*3 3
.0+5J2-4*3.
hmcren henn-Bpmnr, Bame+kn o
nepno6r+non men+anrnoc+n
!+.*3K37+K38
Hap+nnnnann, n o+nnnne o+ 6onee npnnrnnrx n 6nnsknx no cmrcny non+nn
coynac+ne, npnnac+noc+r n +.. (ko+oprmn +ake 6yy nonrsona+rc), saepnnae+ na
ce6e nnnmanne n pesepnnpye+ mec+o n nesnakomrx nonrx snanennn.
Ckasa+r, n+o noneenne nnena kakon-nn6yr rpynnr nnn o6mec+na onpeene+c
o6men n nnx kynr+ypon, nenncannrmn koamn e 6esmonnnoro srka, snann+ cena+r
nepnrn mar k nonnmannm nap+nnnnannn. Ho no noneennem o6rnno nonnmam+c
na6nmaemre enc+nn, ko+opre, n nynmem cnynae, npec+annm+ co6on nnemnne nponnenn
nap+nnnnannn. Hac e n nepnym oneper onnr nn+epecona+r nny+pennne, cy6rek+nnnre
acnek+r noneenn. Tonrko npn6nnsnnmncr k nx o6memy nonnmannm, mr cmoem koc-
<c+p. 156>
ny+rc +annrx mexannsmon mysrkanrnoro noneenn, a +em camrmnpnpor n nc+onnnkon
6eckonennoro mnoroo6pasn mysrkanrnoro onr+a n pasnnnnrx kynr+ypax.
Heo6xonmo ycnn+r o+nnnne nap+nnnnannn o+ +oro, n+o o6rnno nonnmae+c no
ynac+nem. Mono ynac+nona+r n co6pannn, n npnn+nn pemenn, n konnep+e n oc+ana+rc
npn .+om 6esynac+nrm, no nenrs n+r, ne 6yynn npnnac+nrm k nsnn.
Kaknmn 6r nmnynrcnnnrmn, cnon+annrmn nn 6rnn peaknnn n enc+nn nenoneka, onn
nnkora ne 6rnam+ nponsnonrnrmn, cnynannrmn, 6ecnpnnnnnrmn. Onn poam+c n
onpeenennom kon+ekc+e, n ko+opom onn nornnnr, onpananr n nocneona+enrnr. 3+o+
ncnxnnecknn kon+ekc+, ko+oprn ne noae+c na6nmennm n o6rek+nnnomy onncannm,
nnnnnyanen n nano ckpr+ n o+ camoro cy6rek+a.
ae npec+ann+enn onon connanrnon cper nepeko npesnrnanno no pasnomy
pearnpym+ na o6mym cn+yannm oco6enno, ecnn .+o kpn+nnecka cn+yann. Hx peaknnn
sannc+ o+ nannonanrnoc+n, nocnn+ann n o6pasonann, nospac+a, nona n mnoec+na
neonpeennmrx, nnc+o nnnnnyanrnrx oco6ennoc+en. Karn ns nnx nnn+ o6mym
cn+yannm no-cnoemy. n kaoro ero nnenne nne+c a6conm+no neonponepnmrm,
neysnnmrm n comnennn n ne nyammnmc n onoax.
Takon xapak+ep peanrnoc+n, n ko+opon nny+ ne +onrko o+enrnre nnnnnyymr, no
n 6onrmne connanrnre rpynnr, nenre kynr+ypr n nnnnnnsannn. Ona nocnpnnnmae+c kak
o6rek+nnno anna, nensmepnmo 6onee nno+na n nmnepa+nnna, nem nm6a cnc+ema
pennrnosnrx nnn pannonannc+nnecknx y6eennn. Hasna+r noneenne nenoneka n +aknx
cnynax ynac+nem, npnnac+noc+rm nnn ae nap+nnnnannen snann+ non+n nnnero ne ckasa+r,
no+omy n+o kaoe ns .+nx non+nn npenonarae+ o+nomenne mey cy6rek+om
(nnnnnyanrnrm nnn konnek+nnnrm) n ero peanrnoc+rm, o+ ko+opon cy6rek+ n
enc+nn+enrnoc+n neo+ennm.
B Bannckax o npnmn+nnnon men+anrnoc+n hmcren henn-Bpmnr cenan nonr+ky
connaa+r c .+nm nenoc+nnmrm napaokcom. Knnra, nanncanna nm n nocnenne mecnr
nsnn n nsanna nepes ec+r ne+ nocne ero cmep+n n 1939 roy, nn+ae+c kak nac+nrn
nennnk mynn+enrno nanpennoro mrcnn+enrnoro nponecca; an+pononor c mnponrmn
sacnyramn 6esanoc+no o+neprae+ n nepecma+pnnae+ mnorne nen o npnmn+nnnon
men+anrnoc+n, ko+opre on npononeonan n pasnnnan n npoonenne npemec+nymmnx
+pnna+n ne+.
<c+p. 157>
Ero rnanna saana coc+ona n +om, n+o6r pas6n+r 6aprepr, ko+oprmn ym sananoro
nenoneka okpynn n nsonnponan ce6, nan+n knmn k c+pannrm, cnnomr n pom nkonnnnrm
n, no ncen nnnmoc+n, a6cypnrm ak+am noneenn nmen nnrx kynr+yp: non+r nx n nx
co6c+nennon cnc+eme. Takon knmn emy nnenc n nap+nnnnannn (nosepnmc o+ e
onpeenennn kak nen, qenomena, qopmr onr+a, o6pasa enc+nnn n noo6nrx nm, no+omy n+o,
kak 6ye+ nnno anrme, ona ne nonaae+ nn no ono ns .+nx onpeenennn). Ec+ec+nennrm
cnec+nnem .+oro npenpn+n 6rno +o o+kpr+ne, n+o npn ncen nnakoc+n npnmn+nnnon
men+anrnoc+n ne cymec+nye+ qopmanrnrx pasnnnnn, ko+opre nosnonnn 6r
npo+nnonoc+ann+r e men+anrnoc+n nnnnnnsonannoro nenoneka. On nncan:

B ne y+nepam (ceron menee, nem kora-nn6o), n+o cymec+nye+ men+anrnoc+r,
cnennqnneckn npncyma npnmn+nnnrm nmm. B nx men+anrnoc+n ec+r
snann+enrna nac+r, ko+opym mr ennm c nnmn. Pannrm o6pasom, n men+anrnoc+n
namnx o6mec+n ec+r nac+r (6onrma nnn menrma, n sanncnmoc+n o+ o6mnx ycnonnn,
neponannn, nnc+n+y+on, connanrnrx knaccon n +..), ko+opa npncy+c+nye+ n n ymax
npnmn+nnnrx nmen. [1]

Ec+r neka... men+anrnoc+r, ko+opa cpen npnmn+nnnrx nmen nrpaena pesne
n nomenae+c nerne, nem n namnx o6mec+nax, no ona npncy+c+nye+ n kaom
nenoneneckom yme. (101)

Ceron nonnmam qak+r nynme, n nonn, n+o nap+nnnnann ne npncyma
ncknmnn+enrno npnmn+nnnon men+anrnoc+n,.. n+o npnmn+nnna men+anrnoc+r .+o, n
enc+nn+enrnoc+n, acnek+, ycnonne (Mapn+.n) nenoneneckon men+anrnoc+n noo6me; n
n+opoe, n+o 6ecnonesno nccneona+r nap+nnnnannm c nornneckon +onkn spenn,
no+omy n+o, nonpekn nnnmoc+n, nap+nnnnann .+o ne sakon n ne npnnnnn. (104)

H enc+nn+enrno: mnoronncnennre qak+r noneenn +ak nasrnaemrx npnmn+nnnrx
nmen nno neconmec+nmr c nornkon, npnnnnnoc+rm n qnsnnecknmn sakonamn. Oc+a+c
ennc+nenna anr+epna+nna: onpeenn+r nx, no npnmepy dpensepa, kak npoyk+ cny+annoro
yma nnn npnsna+r, kak enae+ henn-Bpmnr, n+o

nap+nnnnann no npnpoe cnoen nenpospanna n anannsa n neoc+ynna
nn+ennek+y: .+o a priori ocyenne nm6oro +eope+nneckoro o6rcnenn, nockonrky
+eopn, ko+opa enae+ nap+nnnnannm oc+ynnon pasymy, nona n ynnn+oae+ cnon
npeme+. (68)
Ecnn mr ronopnm, n+o nap+nnnnann nenocpec+nenno ana n nepennannn
nnnnnyymom cnoero co6c+nennoro cymec+nonann, +o .+o onpeenenne ne coepn+
nnnero, n+o 6rno 6r cnsano co sna-
<c+p. 158>
nnem nnn mrcnrm. Becr mr naxonmc ne na yponne npec+annennn, xo+ 6r camrx
.nemen+apnrx, no na nnom yponne, pacnonoennom n camon rny6nne nnnnnyyma, re
necomnenno ncnxnneckne qenomenr nmem+ no npenmymec+ny aqqek+nnnrn
xapak+ep, xo+ nosmonoc+r nosnnknonenn npec+annennn n ne ncknmnena. (83)

Ho +on e npnnnne nap+nnnnann ne noa+c camoocosnannm, ko+opoe nens6eno
npenpamae+ e n o6rek+, npo+nnoc+omnn cosnammemy cy6rek+y, n +aknm o6pasom y6nnae+
e. Henosmono onpeenn+r e n c nosnnnn o6rek+nnnoc+n. henn-Bpmnr nepe6npae+
neckonrko onpeenennn nera+nnnrx n nosn+nnnrx, no ne moe+ oc+anonn+rc nn na onom.
B onom mec+e on nnme+:

nap+nnnnannn .+o, n enc+nn+enrnoc+n, ne qak+r. Hanpacno nr+a+rc omy+n+r nx c
nonnon ynepennoc+rm, kak nen+o peanrnoe; .+o ne onr+ npnmn+nnnon men+anrnoc+n.
He nnm+c onn n annrmn; .+o neponann, nansrnaemre +pannnen n annennem
connanrnon cper, cy6rek+nnno .knnnanen+nre neko+oprm nepennannm. (87)

Onako n pyrom mec+e mr nn+aem: ne nyno sna+r nnn yma+r o nap+nnnnannx,
n+o6r omy+n+r nx peanrnoc+r (86); anee on ronopn+ o6 .monnonanrnon cnne, c kakon
nepennam+c nap+nnnnannn (122). H, nakonen,

o nenosmonoc+n n nnnnnyyma o+enn+r n camom ce6e +o, n+o ec+r on cam, o+
+oro, n nm on coynac+nye+, n+o6r 6r+r cnoco6nrm cymec+nona+r: .+oro mr ne
moem non+r, no+omy n+o .+o kacae+c mrcnn, ko+opa ne konnen+yanrna n ne
nn+yn+nnna, n camoe nynmee, n+o mr moem cena+r, .+o oxapak+epnsona+r e kak
nenocpec+nennoe ocosnanne, nync+nonanne, onr+-nepy. (193)
...3+o omymenne cnm6nosa, coc+annmmero po +oro, kak npnmn+nnnrn nenonek
nocnpnnnmae+ ce6: .+oro nn on ne cosna+, nn mr necnoco6nr nenocpec+nenno
na6nma+r n nm: ero noneenne, ero nnc+n+y+r, ero mnqr n neponann no+ n+o
neocnopnmo okasrnae+ nam ero nannnne. (81)

Tpyno onyc+n+r, n+o henn-Bpmnr ne 6rn snakom c +pyamn n +eopnmn Knra; +ak
nnn nnane, .+o nm nn pasy ne nonne+c na c+pannnax ero Banncok. B npo+nnnom cnynae,
on mor 6r cymmnpona+r cnom neo+kpnc+annnsonannym, nmymym mrcnr n mnrnan-cknx
non+nx. On mor 6r ykasa+r, n+o ns nyx conepnnnammnx ncnxnnecknx qynknnn ym
nnnnnnsonannoro nenoneka nonarae+c non+n ncknmnn+enrno na mrmnenne, +ora kak
nny+pennnn mnp npnmn+nnnoro nenoneka opnen+nponan no npenmymec+ny na nync+nonanne.
Hpnnn +akoe +onkonanne, nerne onyc+n+r, n+o n npnmn+nnnoro nenoneka nap+nnnnann n
+ekynen nenoc+noc+n ns-
<c+p. 159>
nn +ak e ec+ec+nenna, kak n nac cosepnanne o+enrnoc+en, pasnnnaemrx nocpec+nom
anannsa n a6c+parnponann.
Honeenne npnmn+nnnoro nenoneka nenornnno, no ne nppannonanrno. Mnp, n ko+opom
on nn+, cosan mnqamn, neponannmn, pn+yanamn n marnnecknmn enc+nnmn +onno +ak e,
kak mr nnm n mnpe, cqopmnponannom connanrnrmn ormamn, naynnrmn +eopnmn n
npec+annennmn n no+nepammen nx npak+nkon. Hnakoc+r ero mnpa onpeene+c ne
+onrko ero nn+ennek+yanrnon nepasnn+oc+rm, no n nrcoko pasnn+on aqqek+nnnoc+rm,
ko+opa n conpemennon sananon nnnnnnsannn ynopno n cnc+ema+nneckn noanne+c.
Hnnen-cyqn+ onncrnae+ .+y nxo+omnm c +onkn spenn noc+onnoro onr+a:

Xnsnr n yxonnon men+annn n cosepnannn .+o nckycc+no, ko+oprm mono onnae+r
nnmr noc+enenno. Hoc+enenno nc 6onee +onka mysrka nsnn c+anonn+c
cnrmnmon, n o+kprnam+c +e yxonnre coc+onn, ko+opre mnc+nky +ak +pyno
onnca+r cnonamn... Conpemennrn ynnrn noc+onno san+ conepmenc+nonannem
cnonx nnc+pymen+on, o+ nync+nn+enrnoc+n ko+oprx sanncn+ +onnoc+r ero
na6nmennn. Ho cyqn+ n+ c+apon nnnnnnsannn c+apae+c conepmenc+nona+r
cnom nnnnym nync+nn+enrnoc+r... Ho mepe +oro, kak y+onnam+c ero nync+na, emy
o+kprnae+c mnoroe ns +oro, n+o nnkora ne oc+nrae+ nnnmann ymon,
nenync+nn+enrnrx ko ncemy, kpome rpy6rx +onnkon mamnnr nsnn, nnymenc
nponr o+ npnpor n nc 6onrme yanmmenc o+ ne. [2]

Camoo+oec+nnenne c nnrmn cymec+namn n npeme+amn, nacenmmnmn mnp
+akoro nenoneka (ncnomnnm o6 o+nomennn mey Ynn+enem n ynennkom mnc+nneckom
comse, ko+oprn coenne+ ne ymn +aknm o6pasom, n+o onn nny+ n nync+nym+ non+n kak
ona), henn-Bpmnr nasrnae+ yanrnoc+r-ennc+no (duality-unity). On onncrnae+ e kak

peanrnoc+r, ko+opa n ono n +o e npem +o, n+o ona ec+r n nnoe +o, nem ona
ne nne+c. Hepennanne .+on yanrnoc+n-ennc+na (ncera conponoaemoe
.monnmn, k ko+oprm npnmn+nnnrn nenonek +me+no nr+ae+c npncnoco6n+rc,
no+omy n+o on ncera ncnr+rnae+ npn .+om 6onee nnn menee cnnrnoe no+pcenne),
ec+ec+nenno, ne moe+ 6r+r nem-+o o6mnm n o+nnennnrm;., .+o ncera konkpe+noe,
nnnnnyanrnoe nepennanne konkpe+non nap+nnnnannn, nknmnnnoe n konkpe+nrn
onr+. (103) ...nap+nnnnann ne nmee+ nnnero o6mero c nornneckon nnn qnsnneckon
nosmonoc+rm... Bonpoc, nosmona nn yanrnoc+r-ennc+no, ae ne nosnnkae+: ona
nepennae+c, snann+, ona peanrna - o6rek+nnno peanrna. (5)
<c+p. 160>
henn-Bpmnr nasrnae+ mnc+nnecknm cnmna+nneckoe nync+no camoo+oec+nnenn c
aqqek+nnnon kanmon, okpyammen nm6on nenonenecknn onr+, noo6no opeony n nnoxo
nponnennom nera+nne, nocne+ heenxap+ n npencnonnn k Bannckam (xviii, xix). Mano
n+o mono ckasa+r o6 .+nx necosnanaemrx +ekynnx, 6ecqopmennrx, nepacnnennnrx
omymennx; .+o em ne onr+, no nonna n nc+onnnk nm6oro onr+a. B +o+ momen+, kora n .+om
nepno6r+nom xaoce nosnnkam+ onpeennnre qopmr, o6pasr n nmena, mr nepexonm ns
o6nac+n mnc+nneckoro n o6nac+r mnqnneckoro. Becr henn-Bpmnr okasrnae+c saono c
Knrom n pyrnmn nccneona+enmn ncnxonornn pennrnn. Tak, kacacr enpenckoro mnc+nnnsma
Fepmom Eonem nnme+:

Mnc+nk... non+n ncera nec+ n ce6e pennee nacnene. On poc n cnc+eme npnsnannoro
an+opn+e+a pennrnn, n ae kora on nannnae+ cmo+pe+r na nemn nesanncnmo n
ncka+r co6c+nennrn ny+r, ero mrmnenne n n em 6onrmen c+enenn ero noo6paenne
no-npenemy nponn+anr +pannnonnrm ma+epnanom. On ne n coc+onnn n ae ne
nr+ae+c o+6pocn+r nacnene cnonx o+non. Honemy xpnc+nanckomy mnc+nky ncera
nnm+c xpnc+nanckne nnenn, a ne +e, n+o nnm+c 6ync+y? Honemy 6ync+
nnn+ qnrypr cnoero nan+eona, a ne Xpnc+a nnn Maonny? Honemy na cnom ny+n k
npocne+nnnoc+n ka66annc+ nc+penae+ npopoka Hnrm, a ne pyrne qnrypr ns
nyoro emy mnpa? O+ne+, pasymee+c, coc+on+ n +om, n+o nx onr+ nemenenno
+pancnonnpye+c n cnmnonr nx co6c+nennoro mnpa, xo+ coepanne nx onr+on
moe+ 6r+r, n cymnoc+n, onnm n +em e. [3]

Bcenosmonre mnqnneckne o6pasr, cnmennre nmena n co6r+n cnya+
nocpennkamn npononnkamn nrcmen peanrnoc+n, nanoo6ne nac+nn nrnn n nosyxe,
nosnonmmnx nne+r nyn cne+a no +rme, ko+oprn nnane 6rn 6r nennnmrm.
dopmnpyemrn +aknm o6pasom onr+ nmee+ mano o6mero c +em, n+o connonorn
nmenym+ coynac+nem. 3+o ne onr+ o+nomennn mey nac+rm n nenrm nenonekom n
connanrnon rpynnon, nrn nenn, nen n o6pas enc+nnn on pasene+. 3+o coc+onne, npn
ko+opom npeme+r pasnon npnpor, naxomnec n pasnrx npoc+panc+nax n momen+ax
npemenn, nocnpnnnmam+c nenonekom kak enna peanrnoc+r. Onn c+anon+c nen+nnnrmn,
+oec+nennrmn, ennocymnmn. Becr spanrn cmrcn, y+nepammnn, n+o nac+r ncera
menrme nenoro, +epe+ cnny, no+omy n+o penr n+ ne o6 onenke konnnec+nennoro o+nomenn,
a o nepennannn kanec+nennon .knnnanen+noc+n. O+oec+nn+rc mory+ nenonek n
nno+noe, oymennnnre cymec+na n neoymennnnre npeme+r, nenonek n 6oec+no..
<c+p. 161>
Cne nno+noro n ec+r camo nno+noe. Kamenr .+o okamenenmnn npeok. Hepen n
koc+n no nnemenn, karn ns npnnaneanmnx emy npeme+on, re 6r onn nn naxonnncr,
ec+r cam nor. Xne6 n nnno npnnac+n c+anon+c, nocpec+nom o6pa npecymec+nnenn
apon, ennocymnmn c +enom n kponrm Xpnc+a.
To, n+o nponcxon+ c onnm, nponcxon+ n c pyrnm. Cn+on dpannnck n pyrne
xpnc+nanckne mnc+nkn nonynann c+nrma+r, no+omy n+o o+oec+nnnncr c Xpnc+om
Pacn+rm. Hponsn+r konrm cne nno+noro snann+ nopasn+r camo nno+noe. Hnem
oxna+rnae+ c+pax, ecnn nparn onnaenam+ oc+ankamn ero norn6mero no n mory+
nocnonrsona+rc .+nm kak opynem. Hponsnec+n nm 6oec+na snann+ cena+r peanrnrm ero
npncy+c+nne; n enpe nponsnec+n ncnyx nm Heronr snann+ pnckona+r nsnrm, no+omy n+o
nn onn cmep+nrn ne moe+ nepen+r npncy+c+nne Bora. Hnenr npnmn+nnnrx nnemn
o+oec+nnm+c nepes pn+yanrnym nncky co cnonmn +o+emnrmn nno+nrmn nnn n+nnamn,
o+ana ce6 no nx nokponn+enrc+no n samn+y, +onno +ak e, kak 6ync+ c+pemn+c c+a+r
Byon.
Mnqonornneckne o6pasr nrpam+ nokym ponr. Hx mono o6ymrna+r, onncrna+r,
+onkona+r, anannsnpona+r, no nmec+e c +em onn oc+annm+ onr+ conepmenno nnoro
coepann. Bocnpnnnmaemre kak cnmnonr, .+o, nnme+ Kaccnpep,

...ncero +onrko konnn, ko+opre nnkora ne oc+nram+ pkoc+n opnrnnana,., ne nsnr
n nnnnnyanrna nonno+a cymec+nonann, a nnmr nx mep+nre cokpamnnre
o6osnanenn... cna6rn namk... 6ecnno+na npa yma, o+paamma ne npnpoy
nemen, a npnpoy camoro yma. [4]

Hepennanne cnmnona, nanpo+nn, poae+ nenepeanaemoe nync+no 6esrpannnnon
nenoc+noc+n nsnn. Ocymec+nnnnrn cnmnon camoynnn+oae+c: noo6no sepny ns npn+nn,
ko+opoe onno ymepe+r, n+o6r npopac+n n npnnec+n nno, cnmnon nrnonne+ cno
nasnanenne, +onrko kora on pac+nope+c n aqqek+nnnom onr+e nsnananrnon nenoc+noc+n.
B namen cn+yannn o+nynnoc+n +pyno nepny+rc k nonnmannm +oro, n+o nmn n
nemn ne cymec+nym+ nesanncnmo n nsonnponanno pyr o+ pyra. Ho.+omy, kak nnme+ henn-
Bpmnr,

nonpoc c+on+ ne +ak: no+ npeme+r, nnnnnyymr kak onn mory+
coynac+nona+r?,.. a ckopee, +ak: kak neko+opre nnnnnyymr, a n neko+oprx
cnynax n neko+opre napor, mory+ nsonnpona+r ce6 o+ nap+nnnnannn? O+ne+
nocpec+nom pacmnpenn cqepr konnen-
<c+p. 162>
+yannsonannoro mrmnenn, ny+m noc+enennon nomenr aqqek+nnnoro nanana
nornneckon a6c+paknnen. (18)

Aqqek+nnnoe n nornneckoe nanana, nync+nonanne n mrmnenne npncy+c+nym+ n
conepnnnam+ no ncex nenonenecknx noc+ynkax n enc+nnx. Kak nokasan Kc+nep n knnre
Ak+ +nopnec+na, [5] ae n ma+ema+nke, qnsnke n +exnnnecknx naykax +eopnn n nen
nosnnkam+ ne kak a6c+pak+nre nornneckne c+pyk+ypr, no poam+c ns nepennann
noo6paaemon cn+yannn, nnora nasrnaemon mrcnennrm .kcnepnmen+om, n nnmr sa+em
nonynam+ nornneckoe o6ocnonanne. Bnenne marnn+nrx nnnnn, nnnmeec Makcnenny, nnn
o+kprnmeec 3nnm+enny spennme ncenennon, nepecekaemon co ckopoc+rm cne+a,.+n n
6ecnncnennre noo6nre npnmepr, onncannre n nccneonannx nponeccon naynnoro
+nopnec+na, npec+annm+ co6on o+n+nnnre cnynan nap+nnnnannn.
Hsnnmne nonpknna+r, nackonrko cymec+nenna ee ponr n xyoec+nennom, n
nac+noc+n, mysrkanrnom onr+e. 3nap Koyn nnme+ o6 .+om:

Hmenno nepes mysrkanrnoe nepennanne ncnonnn+enr n kpn+nk npnxo+ k cnonm
y6eennm. ...Hyno cno npec+ann+r ce6e, kak connnenne onno snyna+r...
Hyno noc+nrny+r ne +onrko ero qopmanrnym c+pyk+ypy, no n ero pama+nneckoe
coepanne... H nyno nonr+a+rc ynonn+r +o, n+o Eyman nasrnan ero yxom
Geist, +o +annc+nennoe cnonc+no, ko+opoe kaknm-+o o6pasom o+paae+
mnponocnpn+ne nnnnnyyma, connanrnon cper n .noxn, noponnmen ero.
Heoc+a+onno o+ana+r ce6e o+n+ n .+nx acnek+ax: 3X 2B12- FB,4*,-,+*J. [6]
&0.JL@2=0 3E.=
Hrpr nspocnrx nasnanne knnrn amepnkanckoro connanrnoro ncnxonora, n
ko+opon on ne 6es o++enka nnnnsma knaccnqnnnpye+ n onncrnae+ cxemr npnn+oro noneenn
n nnnnom n rpynnonom o6mennn. Eekcnnponcka qopmyna nsnn-cnenr, nmen-ak+pon,
pasrrprnammnx nrecy, nonnym myma n poc+n, o+paae+ oxnannrn, roprknn nsrn na
mnp. Fnasam noc+oponnero 6yr +o o+menrnnk n ropockon cye+e, ny+emec+nennnk n
nesnakomon c+pane, nopoc+ok cpen nspocnrx nnn an+pononor n none noncenennoe
noneenne nmen nepeko npec+anne+c nepennnen npnnynnnrx pn+yanon.
<c+p. 163>
Ha6nma nx o+nomenn, enc+nn n nsanmoenc+nn, mono nrenn+r n onnca+r nx
kak .nemen+r snakonon cnc+emr, sakpenn+r sa nnmn onpeennnre snanenn, a sa+em
nonrsona+rc .+nm snannem n o6rcnenn, npennenn nnn nmn+annn. Tak mono
noc+nrny+r mexannky noneenn, no ne ero nsnenno nanre cmrcn n qynknnn. Becr nepa n
snakn n cnmnonr kak nnc+pymen+r anannsa n onncann c+anonn+c nperpaon, +eopn
snakonrx cnc+em okasrnae+c 6eccnnrnon.
Cornacno cemno+nke, snak o6naae+ nym acnek+amn: qnsnneckon qopmon
(nrpaennem) n neanrnrm snanennem (coepannem). Pasnnnenne .+nx acnek+on coc+anne+
qynamen+anrnoe ycnonne cemno+nneckon +eopnn n cymec+nonann camoro snaka. Taknm
o6pasom, .+a +eopn npna+ yannsmy ma+epnanrnoro snaka n neanrnoro snanenn cnny
o6rek+nnnoro sakona, o+neprae+ camym nosmonoc+r yanrnoc+n-ennc+na, sakprna +em
camrm ny+r k nonnmannm nac+omen npnpor cnmnona, ko+oprn nne+c n ne ncero nnmr
nac+nrm cnynaem snaka.
3+o npen+c+nne ne cnnmae+c n kpynnrm marom, cenannrm Cmsann hanrep,
ko+opa nmec+o nen cemno+nneckoro snaka c ycnonnrm snanennem npenonna nensmepnmo
6onee nnoo+nopym konnennnm nn+erpanrnoro xyoec+nennoro cnmnona, o6pamennoro k
nync+nonannm, onr+y n accnmnnnnn, a ne k nn+ennek+yanrnomy cosepnannm n nc+onkonannm.

Ocnonnon konnennnen nne+c secr penreqna, no ne-nckypcnnna qopma,
nosenc+nymma 6es sakpennnnoro sa nen konnennnonanrnoro snanenn n no+omy
npec+annmma co6on ne cnmnon n o6rnnom nonnmannn, a snannmym qopmy, n
ko+opon qak+op snanenn pasnnnae+c ne nornneckn, no ncnr+rnae+c kak
kanec+no...
anan+e no.+omy nasrna+r snanenne mysrkn ne cmrcnom, a e nsnennrm
nosenc+nnem, nonrsycr cnonom nsnennoe ne kak xnane6nrm .nn+e+om, a kak
kanec+nennrm npnnara+enrnrm, orpannnnnammnm xapak+ep nosenc+nn nnamnkon
cy6rek+nnnoro onr+a. [7]

ae secr coxpane+c pasprn mey snannmon qopmon, o6naammen
nnamnneckon c+pyk+ypon, n cy6rek+nnnrm onr+om. Cymec+nenna nonpanka,
npenoenna Cmsann hanrep, .+o makcnmym +oro, na n+o cnoco6en pannonanrnrn noxo k
nppannonanrnrm qak+am nap+nnnnannn, ko+opre nenosmono ne +onrko o6rcnn+r
+eope+nneckn, no n npoc+o onpeenn+r.
hm6onr+no, n+o cnmnonnnecka +eopn nckycc+na, 6onee npoc+opna, nem
cemno+nnecka, +ake nac+onrko opon+ yanrnoc+rm cnmnona, n+o okasrnae+c
necnoco6non same+n+r kapnnanr-
<c+p. 164>
no nanrn momen+ e npeoonenn n onr+e. B pesynr+a+e nckycc+no npec+ae+ kak oco6rn
nrcoknn mnp mnorosnann+enrnrx o6rek+nnnponannrx cnmnonon, ne nmemmnn nnnero o6mero
c nnsmnmn pasnonnnoc+mn cnmnonnneckoro noneenn, nan6onee onennnre nponnenn
ko+oporo cnsrnam+c c nrpon. Hpn .+om nrponon .nemen+ n nckycc+ne cypono kpn+nkye+c
kak nen+o neoc+onnoe. Kaccnpep, onn ns kpynnenmnx npononennkon cnmnonnneckon +eopnn
nckycc+na, pemn+enrno sannn:

Xyoec+nennoe noo6paenne ncera oc+a+c pesko o+nnnnrm o+ +oro poa
noo6paenn, ko+oprn xapak+epen n namero noneenn n nrpe. B nrpe mr nmeem
eno c cnmynnnen o6pason... Onpeen+r nckycc+no kak npoc+ym cymmy +aknx
cnmynnponannrx o6pason snannno 6r cosana+r nnmenckoe npec+annenne o ero
xapak+epe n saanax... Hrpa a+ nnnmsopnre o6pasr; nckycc+no a+ nonrn +nn
nc+nnr nc+nnr ne .mnnpnnecknx qak+on, no nnc+rx qopm, nopok n ocosnannn
nnnmrx, ocsaemrx n cnrmnmrx nnennn. [8]

Tak coo+nomenne nckycc+na n nrpr nnn+c na6nma+enm, nornomnnomy
nn+ennek+yanrnrm noc+nennem o6rek+on, nockonrky nce nocnpn+n, npoyk+r
noo6paenn n mrcnn nnm+c n nero o6rek+amn. Mono ckasa+r 6onee pemn+enrno:
mrcnr Kaccnpepa o+paae+ conpemennym nesopono naccnnnym no+pe6n+enrckym yc+anonky
mysennoro o+nomenn k nennknm nponsneennm nckycc+na.
Hsnananrno nckycc+no npenonarae+ enc+nne ne mrcnennoe coynac+ne nnn
conepennanne, a ak+nnnym nap+nnnnannm, nonnym nonnennnoc+r. Hmenno .+o nponcxon+,
kora mr o+oec+nnemc c +em nnn nnrm repoem, nepenocnmc n mnp narneponckon
+e+panornn nnn pomana oc+oenckoro. B +aknx cnynax nosnnkae+ nna, non+n
npo+nnononona nepcnek+nna nepcnek+nna nenoneka, nnymero n enc+nymmero n nnon
peanrnoc+n. Becr non+n o6rek+a n cy6rek+a +ak e nnmenr cmrcna, a xyoec+nennrn
cnmnon n cy6rek+nnnrn onr+ +ak e nepasennmr, kak +anen n +annop, nrpa n nrpok,
nmnponnsann n nmnponnsa+op, komnosn+op n connnema nm mysrka. Onn ne cosepnam+
nnc+re o6pasr, a n camom +onnom cmrcne cnona nny+ nonnokponnon nsnrm n nekoen
nnon peanrnoc+n, peannsy n nen cnon nenoneneckne no+ennnn, npno6macr k e nc+nne.
Camosa6nenna nornomnnoc+r, nrknmnenne anannsa xapak+epnsym+ nrcmne nponnenn
nrponoro noneenn.
B .+on nepcnek+nne nenn+enr nc+nnr nnc+rx qopm nrrnn+ nenonekom, ko+oprn
nn+ noo6paaemon nsnrm, ononrc+nycr
<c+p. 165>
o6ecnnenennrmn samopoennrmn +enmn nekora nonnokponnoro nyoro onr+a, ko+opre
eqnnnpym+ nepe ero mrcnennrm nsopom n nckycc+nennom npoc+panc+ne n npemenn.
dnnocoq, o6n+ammnn n nna+onnneckom mnpe nen n qopm, ec+oko o6enn no cpannennm c
nrpammnm mysrkan+om. Bonee +oro, nepnomy nenero 6rno 6r cosepna+r, ecnn 6r on cnanana
ne npno6mnnc k .monnonanrno n nync+nenno 6ora+omy mnpy snynamen mysrkn no6onnomy
npoyk+y nrpr n+oporo.
Taknm o6pasom, ne nepcnek+nnr okasrnam+c n nepannom nonoennn: .c+e+nneckoe
cosepnanne npec+anne+ co6on orpannnennrn cnynan ycnonnon nrpr c noo6paaemrmn
o6pasamn, ko+opa ne oc+anne+ mec+a peanrnon nrpe ak+nnnomy noneennm n cy6rek+nnno
annon peanrnoc+n, nonnekammen ncero nenoneka n ero ncnxoqnsnneckom ennc+ne. Bync+,
npoc+npammnnc nepe nso6paennem Byr, enpen, monmnnc y C+enr Hnana, xpnc+nannn,
nenymmnn cn+ym nkony, nce onn n +on nnn nnon c+enenn snakomr c ok+pnnamn cnonx
pennrnn, no ae camrn rny6oknn +eonor ne cmoe+ noc+nrny+r onr+ ak+nnnon nepr, ecnn on
nnkora ne nepennan ananornnnre cn+yannn.
Kak cosepnanne, +ak n nrpa nnm+c pasnonnnoc+mn cnmnonnneckoro noneenn.
Onako n cosepnann cnmnon oc+a+c o6rek+om c momnrm cmrcnonrm sapom, +ora kak
n nrpe cnmnon-o6rek+ ncnesae+, nrcno6oa ckpr+ym n nm .neprnm. Mono ckasa+r, n+o
n mnpokom cmrcne nrpa .+o ak+yanrna peannsann yanrnoc+n n ennc+ne, o ko+opon
nnme+ henn-Bpmnr: nap+nnnnann n enc+nnn.
hekcnkon noncenennoc+n nynme nm6on +eopnn ronopn+ nam o mec+e n snanennn
nrpr. O6mensnec+na nanoc+r e+cknx nrp n nponecce connannsannn n ycnoenn kynr+ypr.
Ho nmn, a +ake nrpamn cnop+nnnrmn n asap+nrmn aneko ne orpannnnnae+c o6nac+r
yno+pe6nenn non+n nrpa. Mr cnenm sa nrpon ak+pon na cnene n cnymaem nrpy
mysrkan+on, a no+om nponrprnaem nonm6nnmnec nam sanncn; mr ronopnm o nmx,
nrpammnx connanrnre ponn, o qak+opax, nrpammnx ponr n .konomnke, nayke, nonn+nke n
+.., o cnenon nrpe c+nxnn nnn cnyna.
K +pannnonnomy onpeenennm nenoneka homo sapiens, nenonek mrcnmnn
Hoxan Xnsnnra o6anne+ nonoe: homo ludens, nenonek nrpammnn; .+y nem on pasnnnae+
n knnre Homo Ludens: nrponon .nemen+ n kynr+ype. Hn+epecno o+me+n+r, n+o npenonrn
nae (n kynr+ype) nonnnc n anrnnnckom nepenoe nonpekn conpo+nnnennm an+opa,
ko+oprn n npencnonnn nnme+ no .+omy nonoy:
<c+p. 166>

Karn pas mon nepenonnkn nr+anncr nsmenn+r nasnanne na n kynr+ype, n
karn pas npo+ec+onan n nac+annan na pon+enrnom naee, no+omy n+o mo nenr
ne n +om, n+o6r onpeenn+r mec+o nrpr cpen ncex nponnx nponnennn kynr+ypr, no
n +om, n+o6r yc+anonn+r, n kakon c+enenn cama kynr+ypa nmee+ xapak+ep nrpr. [9]

Fonop o yxonnon ncnnnnnne n ynpanennx noc+onnrx mnc+nkon, Anan Yo++c
nonpknnae+:

Hosn+nnnrn acnek+ ocno6oenn, kak ero nonnmam+ na Boc+oke, .+o nmenno
cno6oa nrpr. Ero nera+nnnrn acnek+ pasnennanne npenocrnok n npannn
connanrnon nrpr, ko+opa orpannnnnae+ .+y cno6oy n npen+c+nye+ +omy, n+o mr
nasrnaem nnoo+nopnrm pasnn+nem. [10]

Cnono nrpa, ko+opoe ncnonrsye+c n c+onr mnornx n pasnoo6pasnrx kon+ekc+ax,
npenonarae+ o6mee n ncex nnx cnonc+no. 3+o+ o6mnn .nemen+ npome n +onnee ncero
onpeene+c nepes ncknmnenne: nrpa .+o +o, n+o ne ec+r pa6o+a, an+n+esa poam
e+enrnoc+n, ocnonannrm na npnsnannn paso6mnnoc+n n nsanmnon o+nynnoc+n mey
cy6rek+om n o6rek+om, e+enem n ero nenmn, e+enrnoc+rm n e onaemrm npoyk+om.
Hrpa ne snae+ noo6nrx pasnnnennn: y ne ne+ nn o6rek+a, nn nenn nne e camon, a e
na6nmaemrn acnek+ nnn pesynr+a+ nnm+c ne 6onee kak no6onnrm npoyk+om.
Hponsneenn nckycc+na, nepeko nnena+nmmne nac cnoen kpaco+on n rny6oknm cmrcnom,
.+o, rpy6o ronop, o+xor cnmnona, nornomnnoro, nepenapennoro n ycnoennoro n nrponon
nap+nnnnannn.
Hrponoe noneenne mnoronnko. O6rnno, ne o+ana ce6e n .+om o+n+, nenonek
ynac+nye+ n neckonrknx nrpax ononpemenno nn+ n enc+nye+ n neckonrknx
peanrnoc+x, opnen+npye+c n pasnrx cnmnonnnecknx cnc+emax o+ apxe+nnnnecknx.
nan6onee ynnnepcanrnrx, o cyry6o mec+nrx, ysko onepnennrx. Onn ns .+nx cnmnonnnecknx
cnc+em nrpa6a+rnam+c no mepe ocnoenn ponon kynr+ypr, pyrne nocpec+nom cyponon
yxonnon ncnnnnnnr nnn nenenanpannennoro npomrnann mosron. Onn mory+ o+kprna+r
ny+n n 6eccosna+enrnoe, k nc+onnnkam camonosnann, nocc+anannnna+r nenrnoc+r ncnxnkn
nnn, nanpo+nn, sakprna+r nx, noomp nnnnre nnenenn, c+pac+n n mannn, cnyn+r
nc+onnnkom ne+epnnmoc+n, cnenoro nync+na co6c+nennon ncknmnn+enrnoc+n n qana+nsma.
Homo ludens nenonek, enc+nymmnn n cnmnonnneckon peanrnoc+n, ne
o6ymrnae+ cnon enc+nn, ne nnannpye+ nx, ne npnnn-
<c+p. 167>
mae+ pemenn. Ero noneenne cnon+anno n +pyno npeckasyemo ne +onrko n noc+oponnnx
na6nma+enen, ko+oprm ne nsnec+nr saannre npannna nrpr, no n n nap+npon,
nockonrky n karn momen+ ono nk+ye+c ero nmnynrcnnnon peaknnen na nenpec+anno
menmmymc cn+yannm. Takoe nmnponnsannonnoe noneenne n npnnnnne o+nnnno o+ pa6o+r
nrnonnenn saynennrx onepannn n sapanee yc+anonnennon nocneona+enrnoc+n. Bnammnn
cno eno pa6o+nnk sa+pannnae+ mnnnmym ncnxnneckon .neprnn: nem an+oma+nnnee ero
enc+nn, +em nynme nx pesynr+a+r.
Hrpa ocno6oae+ nenoneka o+ npnnyn+enrnon, nansannon nsnne ncnnnnnnr, o+
neo6xonmoc+n 6n+enrno cnen+r sa cnonmn enc+nnmn n o6nna+rc coo+ne+c+nn nx
pesynr+a+on saannm. Ho ocno6oenne, npnnocnmoe +nopnecknm nrponrm noneennem,
nnkora ne 6rnae+ nanrm pannonecnrm coc+onnem. 3+o coc+onne ncera mrnonenno
nny+pennee pannonecne nyno ncka+r, naxon+r n yepnna+r momen+ sa momen+om,
noc+onno pncky cockonrsny+r n o6rennoe coc+onne camoo+nynnoc+n,
camona6nmenn n camoanannsa.
Bnponem, ae n cosnannn camoro ynnennnoro nrpoka ec+r yronok, ns ko+oporo on
na6nmae+ n onennnae+ cnon enc+nn. hm6on nenonek nn+ ne n ennc+nennon
cnmnonnneckon peanrnoc+n, a n neckonrknx, ko+opre mory+ nac+nnno connaa+r, nepeceka+rc
nnn npo+nnopenn+r pyr pyry. Henonek ne+ ce6 6onee nnn menee cnon+anno n kaon ns
nnx, no n konkpe+nrx cnynax on nonnenn n kakym-nn6o ony nrpy, ko+opa ero e nsrny
ns pyron cnmnonnneckon peanrnoc+n npec+anne+c pa6o+on.
B nsnec+nom cmrcne, nc ero nsnr .+o napaokcanrnoe ennc+no camosa6nennon
nmnponnsannn n cosna+enrnoro camokon+pon. Tea+panrnrn ak+p o+oec+nne+c co cnonm
repoem, nn+ na cnene ero nsnrm, no n +o e npem cnen+ sa coo+ne+c+nnem cnoen nrpr
+ekc+y n o6memy samrcny pama+ypra, noc+anononnomy pemennm penccpa, onannm,
nkycam n cknonnoc+m spn+enen n, nosmono, ae npnxo+m nnn+enrnoro penensen+a.
Hapannenrno .+o+ ak+p moe+ nrpa+r mnoec+no pyrnx ponen ne +onrko na cnene, no n
kak rnana cemrn, nnen kny6a, npnxoannn cnoen nepknn, c+oponnnk nnn nnen nonn+nneckon
oprannsannn, rpaannn cnoen c+panr, n nakonen, kak npec+ann+enr onpeennnon
nannonanrnoc+n nnn pacr. Bce .+n ponn, nrpa6o+annre nocnn+annem, o6pasonannem,
+pannnmn, neponannmn, y6eennmn n o6rnamn, coc+annm+ ero n+opym na+ypy. C
nnmn on o+oec+nne+c, n nnx o6pe+ae+ nync+no co6c+nennon peanrnoc+n. Hrpa+r .+n ponn
n nero n snann+ n+r.
<c+p. 168>
Henosmono ononpemenno nrpa+r nce .+n ponn, cnmnonnneckne peanrnoc+n ko+oprx
nac+o ne connaam+, a nopon n nc+ynam+ n konqnnk+ pyr c pyrom. Cno noneenne n onon
ns ponen on na6nmae+ n onennnae+ kak nocn+enr kakon-nn6o nnon ponn. B ero noneennn
ncera npncy+c+nye+ nsnec+noe pasnoenne mey ynnennnrm nrpokom n peqnekcnpymmnm
na6nma+enem.
Cnmnon n cnmnonnnecka cpea o+nmr ne nnor noo6paenn. Hanpo+nn, onn-+o n
onpeenm+, n+o n cy6rek+a peanrno n snannmo. 3+nm o6rcne+c nsnenna nanoc+r
cnmnonnneckoro noneenn o6pa n camom mnpokom cmrcne .+oro cnona, ak+a
nap+nnnnannn, konnek+nnnon nrpr, n xoe ko+opon nenrpasnmrn cmrcn cnmnona
nonnomae+c n onennnrx n ncex ynac+nnkon spnmrx konkpe+nrx qopmax.

B nepnonananrnom yno+pe6nennn rpeneckoe cnono cnmnon o+nocnnocr k nym
nononnnam npeme+a nankn nnn mone+r,ko+oprn ynac+nnkn cenkn nomann,
n+o6r nnocnec+nnn okasa+r cnom npnnac+noc+r k nen... Taknm o6pasom,
nepnonananrno cnmnon osnanan nac+r, npenonarammym cymec+nonanne pyron,
o+cy+c+nymmen nac+n, noccoennenne c ko+opon nocc+anannnnae+ nenrnoc+r
npeme+a. 3+o coo+ne+c+nye+ namemy nonnmannm ncnxonornneckon qynknnn
cnmnona. Cnmnon nee+ nac k y+panennon nac+n nenoro nenoneka. On coenne+ nac c
namen nepnonananrnon nenrnoc+rm. On sanennnae+ namy pacmennnnoc+r, namy
o+nynnoc+r n nsnn. A, nockonrky nenrnrn nenonek .+o nen+o mnoro 6onrmee,
nem ero .ro, on cnsrnae+ nac co cnepxnnnnrmn cnnamn, ko+opre nnm+c
nc+onnnkom namero 6r+n n snanenn. Takona npnnnna... kynr+nnnponann
cnmnonnneckon nsnn. [11]

Y+panenna nac+r nenrnoro nenoneka nyenna: ocnonanne namen nenrnoc+n,
nc+onnnk namero 6r+n n snanenn ckpr+ n neneomom n namen ncnxoqnsnneckon
nenoc+noc+n n n nenoc+noc+n mnpa, nac+rm ko+oporo mr nnemc. B cnmnonnneckom ak+e
nap+nnnnannn nnnnnyanrnoe cosnanne nrxon+ ns cnoero o6rnnoro sa+onenn,
conpnkacacr co cnepxnnnnrm n nac camnx n n namem okpyennn.

Hync+no conepmennoro onnonec+na n nsonnnn nee+ k ymc+nennomy pacnay
+onno +ak e, kak qnsnnecknn rono nee+ k cmep+n. Cnsr c pyrnmn ne pannosnanna
qnsnneckomy kon+ak+y. Henonek moe+ oc+ana+rc n qnsnneckon nsonnnn n +enenne
mnornx ne+ n nc e 6r+r cnsannrm c nemn, nennoc+mn nnn xo+ 6r c
connanrnrmn npnnrnkamn, ammnmn emy nync+no npnnanenoc+n. [12]

<c+p. 169>
Mysrky mono, noanyn, nasna+r camrm o6mepacnpoc+pannnrm, camrm
enc+nennrm n nonnekammnm qak+opom nap+nnnnannn. Han6onee pkoe n narnnoe
okasa+enrc+no e noccoennmmen, ncnenmmen cnnr a+ qenomen +ak nasrnaemon
nnnnon necnn y amepnkancknx nnennen. Ho oc+nennn onpeennnoro nospac+a, n nonckax
cnoero nnna nocne noc+a n yennnnon men+annn, nocnmaemrn nonynae+ cnom nnnnym
necnm o+ yxa nno+noro nnn n+nnr, ko+oprn c+anonn+c ero +o+emom n
nokponn+enem o konna nsnn. C .+oro momen+a necn, nonynenna nm c+onr neo6rnnrm
ny+m, .+o ne npoc+o ero onosnana+enrnrn snak nnn co6c+nennoc+r, no ynnkanrnrn cnmnon
ero nc+nnnoro rny6oko ckpr+oro , cnsannoro c cnepxrec+ec+nennrmn n cnepxnnnnrmn
cnnamn npnpor, mnpa n nsnn, saknmnnnrmn n ero +o+eme.
Takono npeenrnoe nrpaenne nsnenno nanon ponn n morymec+na cnmnona, +pyno
pasnnnnmrx no nokponom 6onee o6rnnoro konnek+nnnoro noneenn. Kak cnn+ae+ Anan
homake,

nepnoonepenoe nasnanenne mysrkn nnyma+r cnyma+enm nync+no 6esonacnoc+n,
no+omy n+o ona cnmnonnsnpye+ mec+o ero poenn, paoc+n ero pannero e+c+na, ero
pennrnosnre nepennann, yonne+nopenne o+ ynac+n n o6mnnnrx nannnannx, ero
nm6onnre o+nomenn n ero +py nce .+n nnn neko+opre c+oponr nsnennoro
onr+a, qopmnpymmero nnnnoc+r nenoneka. [13]

Bepno, n+o mysrka nepeko nnymae+ roprko-cnakne noc+anrrnneckne nync+na. Ho
onn ne +onrko ne am+ omymenne 6esonacnoc+n, no nanpo+nn, o6oc+pm+ omymenne
y+panennoro pa, onnonec+na n o+opnannoc+n o+ ma+epnnckoro npena cnoero napoa nnn
nnemenn, o+ ponon nonnr, .+nnnecknx n nannonanrnrx kopnen. Hync+no 6esonacnoc+n
npnnocn+ omymenne ennc+na co ncem +em, n+o necn cnmnonnsnpye+. Henonek, nommnn ony
ns necen cnoero napoa, ne nrnonne+ saannrn ypok n ae ne nrpaae+ ce6, no
o+oec+nne+c c necnen. Brno 6r nenepno ckasa+r ae, n+o on snae+ necnm nnn nnaee+
em kak ecnn 6r ona 6rna npeme+om, ko+oprn mono nme+r nnn ne nme+r. Hecn .+o n ec+r
on cam: on nrnenae+ cno , o+oec+nne+c co cnoen rny6okon npnpoon. Ysnnkn n
onnonkax, ep+nr pennrnosnrx npecneonannn, nonn+saknmnnnre nepe kasnrm nom+ cnon
rnmnr ne pan +oro, n+o6r o+nnenr ce6 opornmn nocnomnnannmn, no no+omy n+o +aknm
o6pasom onn o6pe+am+ cnny n ennennn c nrcmen peanrnoc+rm, no nm ko+opon c+paam+ n
rn6ny+.
<c+p. 170>
Ec+ec+nenno, 6onee nonna nap+nnnnann oc+nrae+c n npncy+c+nnn n npn coynac+nn
rpynnr ennomrmnennnkon, pasenmmnx ne +onrko o6mne nennoc+n n +pannnn, no n
qopmr noneenn. Takne co6pann ncera noc+ xapak+ep pn+yana, ae ecnn onn ne cnsanr
c pennrnen nnn kynr+om n nmem+ nnc+o cne+cknn xapak+ep. Pasnnnne mey ak+pom n
ayn+opnen, rpannna mey nnmn c+npam+c. Henen nrc+ynae+ ne kak ncnonnn+enr,
nponsnomnn nen+o, npec+annmmee nn+epec n .c+e+nneckym nennoc+r n co6panmnxc, a
kak npo+aronnc+ konnek+nnnoro enc+na, n ko+opom npnnnmae+ ynac+ne karn
npncy+c+nymmnn.
Onncrna +akne co6pann n cpee npnannen, Tomac O'Kanannn nnme+:

Hac+o cnynae+c, n+o k+o-nn6yr ns ayn+opnn nrc+ynae+ nnepe n n oco6enno
nonnymmnn momen+ necnn 6ep+ nenna sa pyky n ae nonpknnae+ e pn+m nnn
oco6enno cnnrnoe nync+no, cnma pyky n nnra em nnepx n nnns. Henrs ne
nonync+nona+r n +aknx cnynax, n+o .+o+ nenonek ronopn+ o+ nnna ncen ayn+opnn n
nepea+ nenny nync+no conpnnac+noc+n k necne, ko+opoe nce onn ncnr+rnam+. [14]

Takoe noneenne o+nmr ne ncknmnn+enrno, a ckopee +nnnnno n kynr+ypax, ko+opre
nen+ mysrky kak nen+o nensmepnmo 6onee nanoe, nem cpec+no npn+no nponec+n npem. Bo
npem konnep+on +pannnonnon nnnnckon mysrkn n ceronmnen Hnnn nnn n
nocnmennon sananon ayn+opnn cnyma+enn o+knnkam+c na enc+nn mysrkan+on
nenpnnynno n cnon+anno. Bna moenn snynamen nrecr n nosmonre nonopo+r
nmnponnsannn, onn ec+amn o+menam+ nnenne +anr, nokannnam+ rononamn n snak
nocxnmenn nnn nsymnenn, nsam+ oo6pn+enrnre nocknnnann no sanepmennn
rononokpyn+enrnoro pn+mnneckoro nnkna, en+c onocnonrmn kommen+apnmn. Fonop
+exnnnecknm srkom, mey mysrkan+amn n ayn+opnen secr nosnnkae+ momnrn kanan
o6pa+non cnsn; n 6onee rny6okom cmrcne, cnyma+enn c+anon+c nx npoonennem
ennrm cymec+nom, nonnennnrm n nrpy; nx ynac+ne nnne+ na xo n nonopo+r nmnponnsannn
n, n konennom cn+e, onpeene+ konkpe+noc+r nposnynanmen mysrkn. Mysrka cnyn+ secr
o6men cpeon konnek+nnnon nrpr, qokycom n konnen+pnponannrm nponnennem
nap+nnnnannn.
B pyrnx cnynax nrpona cpea okasrnae+c mnoro 6onee mnpokon, a mysrka
ncero nnmr onnm ns ynac+nnkon cnnkpe+nneckoro enc+na 6yr +o nepkonna cny6a,
neknncka onepa, ona ns mnoronncnennrx nepemonnn na Bne c nensmennrm ynac+nem
ramenana nnn. cpenenekona mnc+epn. B +aknx cnynax .neprn
<c+p. 171>
nap+nnnnannn nnmr nac+nnno +en+ no kananam mysrkanrnrx nsanmoenc+nnn, n menrmen
c+enenn nnn na mysrkanrnrn npoyk+. Hen+p +ec+n cnmnonnneckoro enc+nn n
o+oec+nnenn nepememae+c n pyrym o6nac+r. Mysrkanrnre c+pyk+ypr okasrnam+c
menee rn6knmn, 6onee +nprmn, nerne onosnanaemrmn n npeckasyemrmn, npnnneka k
ce6e menrmee nnnmanne. Becr ona npnsnana npoknarna+r n ykpama+r ny+r k 6onee nanrm
acnek+am nap+nnnnannn. H ae nrnonn nonnnnnym ponr, ona ne ncknmnae+c ns o6mero
kon+ekc+a n nnocn+ cnom nen+y n cnonoe nepenne+enne cnmnonnnecknx nsanmoenc+nnn.
Xnsnnra nnme+:

Konnep+nre manepr, kak mr nonnmaem nx ceron, a6conm+na cakpamen+anrna +nmnna
n sane n 6naroronenne, marnneckn nnymaemoe npnpom,onenr neannero nponcxoenn. Ha
rpanmpax c nso6paennmn mysrkanrnrx npec+annennn XVIII neka mr nnnm cnyma+enen,
ynnennnrx .neran+non 6eceon. Kpn+nneckne pemapkn no apecy opkec+pa nnn npnpa n xoe
ncnonnenn 6rnn o6rnnrm nnennem no dpannnn ncero +onrko +pnna+r ne+ nasa. Mysrka nc em
6rna n ocnonnom divertissement, n nnp+yosnoc+r nennnacr n nen npenrme ncero. Tnopenn komnosn+opa
o+nmr ne cnn+anncr nenpnkocnonennon cn+rnen nnn ero co6c+nennoc+rm, na ko+opym y nero 6rnn
neo+remnemre npana. Hcnonnn+enn nponnnn +akoe cnoenonne n cno6onrx kaennnx, n+o c+ann
neo6xonmr kon+pmepr. dpnpnx Bennknn, nanpnmep, sanpe+nn nennam ykpama+r mysrky, nckaa e
o neysnanaemoc+n. [15]

Hem anee mr yrny6nemc n npomnoe sananon kynr+ypr, +em nno+nee mysrkanrna
npak+nka cnne+ena c +kanrm noncenennon o6mnnnon, connanrnon, pennrnosnon nsnn. B
nepknax n monac+rpx, n knecknx nopnax n pemecnennrx rnnrnx, n epennx n +anepnax
mysrka 6rna o6mnm oc+onnem, ycnoennrm nnenamn kaon ns rpynn nac+onrko rny6oko n
nonno, n+o coynac+ne n nen nocnno xapak+ep nnc+nnk+nnnoro noneenn, n pasnnnne mey
ncnonnn+enmn n cnyma+enmn o+cy+c+nonano. dak+nneckn, ne 6rno nn +ex, nn pyrnx.
Hemrcnnmo 6rno n pasnynn+r mysrky c cn+yannen, n ko+opon ona nosnnkna n nonynnna
cmrcn, nnn nepecan+r e n cn+yannm nnoro cnmnonnneckoro snanenn. To, n+o an+pononorn
o6rnno nmenym+ connanrnon qynknnen mysrkn, ec+r ne n+o nnoe, kak nponnenne
oprannneckoro nnoro ennc+na mysrkn c e nsnennrm kon+ekc+om n ec+ec+nennrm
okpyennem.
C nekamn .+o nsnananrnoe ennc+no na Banae noc+enenno pacnaanocr, n, n konne
konnon, mysrka nrennnacr kak an+onomnrn nn nckycc+na. Pennk+r .+oro nepnonananrnoro
ennc+na mono nan+n pasne n+o n neko+oprx epennx n Boc+onnon Enpone, re kpec+rnka
ne c+ane+ ne+r konr6enrnym 6es mnaenna na pykax,
<c+p. 172>
cnae6nym necnm nne cnae6noro o6pa nnn noxoponnrn nnan n o+cy+c+nne nokonnnka nnn
xo+ 6r nnoro nenoneka, cornacnnmeroc crrpa+r ero ponr.
Bnponem, ae n ryme conpemennon yp6annc+nneckon kynr+ypr Banaa coxpannnncr
oc+ponkn, re mysrka nknmnena n 6onee mnpokym cnmnonnneckym cpey, nrc+ynae+ kak
ynac+nnna connanrnoro pn+yana n nocpennna n konnek+nnnom onr+e nap+nnnnannn. 3+o
mono nne+r n nennn nannonanrnrx rnmnon no cnynam nanrx o6mec+nennrx co6r+nn nnn
a+; n mysrkanrnom o6nxoe nepknn, conponoammem nnkn cnmennoro roa; n paennx
mnrx noknonnnkon Bn++nson n pyrnx nonynpnrx nennon n rpynn.
Musica Mundana
Mysrka, nknmnenna n pennrnosnrn nnn connanrnrn pn+yan, ak+nnnsnpye+
o6mnpnrn o6mnn onr+ ynac+nnkon, oxna+rnae+ nx ennon .monnen. B .+om macconom
nepennannn nnnnoc+r pac+nope+c, nnnnrn onr+ o+c+ynae+ na sannn nnan, konkpe+nre
cnonc+na mysrkn, kak npannno, ne npnnnekam+ oco6oro nnnmann. Bano, n+o6r mononn+nrn
snykonon cnmnon 6rn ysnan. Ecnn .+o nponsomno, +o ne nmee+ snanenn, snynn+ nn nenrn
rnmn nnn +onrko o+prnok ns nero, kaknmn cnnamn n nackonrko xopomo on ncnonne+c n
oc+a+onno nn cno cnrmen: rnmn .+o ncera rnmn. Takon komnnekcnrn mysrkanrnrn cnmnon
pasnp+rnae+c no npemenn, no nocnpnnnmae+c nne npemenn kak onomomen+nrn Gestalt,
nyckonon cnrnan, snykona .m6nema.
Cymec+nye+, onako, pyron, 6onee nenocpec+nennrn n rny6oknn kanan
nap+nnnnannn, re snakomre qopmr, pacnosnanaemre c+pyk+ypr n npnnrnno cnsannre c
nnmn cmrcnr ne sacnonm+ mysrky n e nnennn n konkpe+noc+n. Ona nocnpnnnmae+c kak
nponecc. Karn momen+ snynann nepennae+c n ero nync+nennon nonno+e n
.monnonanrnon okpacke. Ho mepe pasnp+rnann snykonon +kann mrnonennre nepennann
nannsrnam+c na nennnmym nn+r, nakannnnam+c n cpac+am+c. Mysrkanrnoe nenoe
ennrn komnnekcnrn cnmnon, no onpeenennm Cmsann hanrep, npec+a+ kak mnpnar
+ecno nepenne+nnrx nac+nrx cnmnonon, nnenne ko+oprx neyepnmo n+rnnae+
cnyma+en n no+ok
<c+p. 173>
6eckonenno pasnoo6pasnrx nync+nennrx nnena+nennn, nonenrx n .monnonanrnrx nmnynrcon.
n cnyma+en .+n nepennann ne nnemnne qenomenr, ko+opre mono
na6nma+r co c+oponr, no ero co6c+nennrn, nnnnrn onr+ nen+o, nponcxomee c nnm
camnm. Camrn nsnec+nrn, no o+ .+oro nnny+r ne menee +annc+nennrn napaokc mysrkn
coc+on+ n +om, n+o ona cnnon nnon+ nac n neknn nyrn mnp, nansrnae+ nam nesnakomre
.monnn, ko+opre, onako, +y+ e okasrnam+c namnmn co6c+nennrmn, nnnnrmn, rny6oko
nn+nmnrmn. Mr nonaaem n cn+yannm nap+nnnnannn n camom nonnom cmrcne .+oro cnona. K
nemy e mr npno6maemc?
Bo+ neckonrko neo6rnnrn pacckas o cnnrnom .monnonanrnom no+pcennn,
nrsnannom mysrkon:

Xononrn no+ nrc+ynnn y men ns ncex nop n cka+rnanc no +eny. Bonocr na
koe nc+ann r6om. O+ ornymn+enrnrx nsprnon +py6 co+pcanncr c+enr, kprma n
cam non. Bnykn kasanncr nonnrmn no+a n rma, onn c+enann n sanrnann, kak ecnn 6r
na camom ene 6rnn ronocamn yxon npnmn+nnnrx snepnnrx yxon ne6a n semnn.
Onn nrprnanncr ns-no semnn n o+srnanncr .xom o+ c+en n no+onka; onn
nponpanncr cknosr mon nny+pennoc+n, kak prnamne snepn cknosr necnym namy. [16]

Mysrka, ko+opa onncrnae+c secr n c+onr pknx nrpaennx, .+o ne Becna
cnmenna C+pannnckoro, ne narneponcka Banrknpn n ae ne B.nrmn Fenpn Kay.nna
connnenne o yxax npnanckon nerenr, nonnenne ko+oprx npenemae+ cmep+r, no neknn
pn+yan n onnne pekn Amasonkn. Mr ne snaem n ne mornn 6r ysna+r, nackonrko nepennann
enponenckoro ny+emec+nennnka connaann c nepennannmn ynac+nnkon .+oro pn+yana.
Hopasn+enrno +o, n+o c+pannre nkne snynann okasanncr n nero ne 6eccmrcnennrm
mymom, a nc+onnnkom pnanmnx npec+annennn n neo+pasnmrx .monnn onr+a, ko+oprn on
cmor onnca+r n nrpaennx non+nrx sananomy nn+a+enm.
Becr nosnnkae+ p +pynrx nonpocon. Hackonrko nrcok noopasen mey
kynr+ypamn? Kak rny6oko onn nponnkam+ n 6eccosna+enrnoe? B kakon mepe nenonenecknn
onr+ onpeene+c n orpannnnnae+c kynr+ypnon +pannnen? Ecnn kynr+ypr npec+annm+
co6on nepapxnm cnmnonnnecknx peanrnoc+en, +o ne+ nn n nnx o6nac+en, n ko+oprx nosmonr
nap+nnnnannn nonepx kynr+ypnrx 6aprepon? Cymec+nym+ nn peaknnn na mysrky, ne
e+epmnnnponannre kynr+ypon? Ena nn kora-nn6yr yac+c ckonrko-nn6yr ynepenno
o+ne+n+r na .+n nonpocr. Camrm onennnrm npen+c+nnem secr cnyn+ o+cy+c+nne o6mero
srka, ko+oprn nosnonnn
<c+p. 174>
6r cpannnna+r coepanne onr+a npec+ann+enen pasnrx kynr+yp. Hon+n cnonecnoro
srka ne am+ +akon nosmonoc+n, nockonrky onn camn kynr+ypno e+epmnnnponanr n
nenon+nr 6es nepenoa n +onkonannn, ncera rpy6rx n ne+onnrx. ae n o6men kynr+ypnon
cpee onn npec+annm+ co6on cnnmkom +onopnrn nnc+pymen+ n onncann qenomenon
mysrkanrnoro onr+a.
Cnona ymonkam+ +am, re nannnae+c mysrka. Hocnenee, n+o mr moem onpeenn+r
cnonom n nenep6annsyemrx nnena+nennx o+ mysrkn, .+o cnnec+esnn 6ecnncnennre
neaekna+nre nocnpn+n snynannn, kak ecnn 6r onn 6rnn omymennmn spn+enrnrmn,
+ak+nnrnrmn, nkyconrmn, o6on+enrnrmn, mrmennrmn n +.. He cneye+ nn nne+r n
cnnec+esnx pennk+r npnmn+nnnoro nepennann snyka kak Hpncy+c+nn, cner
nepno6r+nrx mnc+nnecknx nap+nnnnannn n oprannneckom nepacnnennnom ennc+ne mnpa? He
nnm+c nn onn nn+nmnrmn cnmnonamn marnneckoro camoo+oec+nnenn c peanrnoc+rm?
Mono npenonon+r, n+o nmenno .+n nonpocr nmen n nny Kyp+ Bakc, kora on nncan:

Cnono marn oxna+rnae+ npeenrno nanrn komnnekc ymc+nennrx qynknnn, n
nrcmen c+enenn ak+nnnrx n mnpe npnmn+nnnrx nnemn, ko+oprn nc em nn+ n
pamkax n nne pamok pennrnosnrx o6pon nrcokopasnn+rx nnnnnnsannn, kak 6r nn
6rnn onn ocna6nenr naynnrm snannem n mrmnennem.[17]

Mysrkanrnre nnena+nenn, ko+opre mr ocosnam, onennnaem n onpeenem cnonamn,
.+o ncero nnmr nnnma nepxymka anc6epra onpeennnrn, xo+ n cmy+nrn, namk na +o,
n+o mysrka ec+r nen+o 6onrmee, nem snynanne, n+o e nocosna+enrnoe nosenc+nne na
ncnxoqnsnneckym npnpoy nenoneka snann+enrno cnnrnee, nem o6rnno npenonarae+c.
Heoc+ynnre n na6nmenn n o6rek+nnnoro anannsa, .+n nosenc+nn ne sannmam+ ymr
ceprsnrx ynnrx. Onn cornacnr nme+r eno nnmr c nn+ennek+yanrno noc+nnmrmn
acnek+amn mysrkn. Hx nn+ennek+yannsm nnn+ n mysrke npoyk+ yma, +anan+a n
nso6pe+a+enrnoc+n, cpec+no nrpaenn nync+n n nen n ne onyckae+ mrcnn, n+o mysrka,
nosmono, kopenn+c n no+pe6noc+n, mnoro 6onee qynamen+anrnon, nem o6menne n
.c+e+nneckoe yonne+nopenne n +on e no+pe6noc+n, ko+opa nrsrnae+ k nsnn marnm.
Knr nnme+:

Marnneckne enc+nn .+o ne n+o nnoe, kak npoeknnn ncnxnnecknx co6r+nn,
ko+opre, n cnom oneper, okasrnam+ o6pa+noe nosenc+nne na ncnxnky n norpyam+
nnnnoc+r n coc+onne nekon onaponannoc+n. Pn+yanrnre enc+nn o6pamam+
nnnmanne n nn+epec nasa, k nny+pennen cnmennon o6nac+n, ko+opa cnyn+
nc+onnnkom n
<c+p. 175>
nenrm ncnxe, saknmnae+ n ce6e ennc+no nsnn n cosnann. 3+o ennc+no, nekora
npncy+c+nonanmee, 6rno y+paneno n onno 6r+r cnona naneno. [18]

Marnneckoe enc+nne mysrkn, naeno noxoponennoe n ena pasnnnnmoe no
+onc+rmn nc+opnnecknmn nacnoennmn sananon kynr+ypr, npnsnae+c kak nen+o camo co6on
pasymemmeec, nonn+ae+c n npak+nkye+c ncemn nsnec+nrmn napoamn n oc+anrnrx nac+x
mnpa. n nnx mysrka .+o ne 6onee n ne menee, kak nno+nopmnn enc+nennrn cnmnon
nenrnoc+n, ennc+na n ec+ec+nennoro pannonecn c mnpom, annrn o+ nanana npemn n
coxpanemrn nokonennmn anonnmnrx mypenon.
Homnmo nm6rx nnrx o6rcnennn, ye .+o ono nomorae+ non+r ynnn+enrnym
nnynec+r mysrkanrnrx cnc+em n +pannnonnrx n +ak nasrnaemrx npnmn+nnnrx o6mec+nax.
Onn oc+ananncr npak+nneckn nensmennrmn na npo+ennn +rcnene+nn ne npoc+o n cnny
nnepnnn n koncepna+nsma, no n 6naroap 6n+enrnomy kon+ponm, nenpec+annrm ycnnnm n
nopon c+kon ncnnnnnne. Kyp+ Bakc co6pan neko+opre ns mnoronncnennrx cnne+enrc+n n
nonrsy .+oro y+nepenn.

Marnneckne pn+yanr, kak n nrcokopasnn+re pennrnn, n cymnoc+n sannc+ o+
nepnoro n +onnoro cneonann nnc+on +pannnn, a ne o+ nepemen,
.kcnepnmen+nponann nnn +ak nasrnaemoro nporpecca. Ecnn necn mamana nnemenn
ananen ne 6ye+ ne+rc npannnrno, +annop n macke cnann+c, kak nenonek,
nopannrn yapom. [a] (3+o npnnon+ na ym qa+anrnre nocnec+nn, ko+oprmn,
cornacno nnnnckon mnqonornn, npena+o neymenoe nenne nonn+aemrx nmn par. [6]
Camo co6on pasymee+c, n+o c+porne nopmr +onnoc+n cnoco6c+nym+ noepannm
nepr n morymec+no snaxap n ero pn+yanon; ero neyana npn nonr+ke ncnenn+r
6onrnoro c ro+onnoc+rm o6rcne+c +em, n+o on, onno 6r+r, onyc+nn kakym-
nn6yr omn6ky n pn+yane nnn nennn. [n]
H+o6r ns6ea+r .+oro, +onnoc+r nac+o o6ecnennnae+c camrmn c+pornmn mepamn.
Ha oc+pone Faya na Honrx Fe6pnax n npenne npemena, kak pacckasrnam+, c+apnk,
noopynnrn nykom n c+penamn, nasnpan na +annymmnmn manrnnkamn n nrnyckan
c+peny no +omy ns nnx, k+o conepman omn6ky. [r] Taka yc+pamamma ncnnnnnna
noepnnanacr n n mysrke: Tonrko n+o npomemne o6p nocnmenn manrnnkn
nnemenn nacy+o n Knon Aqpnke sa omn6kn n nennn nonepranncr nakasannm
cnennanrnrmn +pannrmn nn+kamn. [] Takoe nakasanne kae+c mrknm ynpkom
no cpannennm c me+oamn, npnmennmnmnc n Honnnesnn, re o+ ne6penoc+n npn
ncnonnennn pn+yana o6rnno o+ynann +em, n+o conepmnnmero omn6ky kasnnnn. [e]
<c+p. 176>
Hon+enne k nnc+o+e +pannnn .+o ne npoc+o srnec+no. Cnmennre kan+nnnnnn
6pamnnon, 6ync+on, noc+onnrx enpeen n mycynrman nce onn apxannnr; a
ka+onnnecka nepkonr c+pemn+c coxpan+r rpnropnanckne menonn n
nocc+anannnna+r nx n nepnonananrnon nnc+o+e noncmy, re napymae+c nepnoc+r
opnrnnany. 3+o o+nocn+c n k noc+onnrm npanocnannrm nepknam. [19]

Honpknnanne +onnoc+n cneonann nnc+on +pannnn n yc+pamammen ncnnnnnnr
moe+ nnymn+r omn6onnoe npenonoenne, n+o mysrka, +annr n pn+yanr onnr 6rnn
nocnponsnon+rc pas sa pasom n c+ko qnkcnponannon qopme, nm6oe o+knonenne o+
ko+opon cnn+anocr qa+anrnon omn6kon. B 6ecnncrmennrx kynr+ypax yc+non +pannnn +aka
+onnoc+r npoc+o-nanpoc+o neoc+nnma. C+porne nopmr onpeennno o+nocnnncr ne ko
ncem menrnanmnm e+anm, no yc+anonn+r, n+o nmenno enae+ nenne necnn npannnrnrm n
a6opnrena, npesnrnanno +pyno. Hapaokcanrna nanek+nnecka npnpoa 6ecnncrmennrx
yc+no-cnyxonrx kynr+yp o6renne+ npo+nnonononoc+n: c+a6nnrnoc+r n o+cy+c+nne
nporpecca o6ecnennnam+c nenpeprnnon napnan+noc+rm, c+porne kanonr +pe6ym+
cnon+annoc+n n nso6pe+a+enrnoc+n, a +pannn c+anonn+c 6asncom +nopneckon cno6or.
Hc+opnk npnanckon mysrkn Tomac O'Kanannn o+menae+:

3+o cno6oa, rpannnr ko+opon yc+anannnnam+c na npo+ennn mnornx nokonennn
nynmnmn ncnonnn+enmn n, n+o oco6enno nano, nynmnmn cnyma+enmn, nockonrky
nmenno onn n konennom cn+e pemam+, npnemnemr nn nonmec+na nnn ne+. Tem, k+o ne
npnnanen+ k nx cpee, +pannn moe+ kasa+rc ysknm c+ecnn+enrnrm na6opom
npannn, no +pannnonnrn ncnonnn+enr ne nnn+ e n +akom cne+e. On nnn+ non+nym
saany n +om, n+o6r no-nonomy nn+epnpe+npona+r +pannnonnrn ma+epnan, nrpasn+r
nepes nero cno mysrkanrnoe ny+r, o+me+n+r ero nena+rm cnoen nnnnoc+n.
Bosmonoc+n naprnponann ma+epnana coo+ne+c+nenno cnonm nkycam nac+onrko
mnpokn, n+o on ne omymae+ n +pannnn nnnero nnmn+npymmero.

To, n+o O'Kanannn nnme+ o6 npnanckon naponon mysrke, o+nocn+c n k mysrke
nennknx kynr+yp Boc+oka c +em +onrko pasnnnnem, n+o n cnny cnoen pennoc+n, pasnn+rx
qnnocoqnn n 6onee +ecnrx cnsen c marnen n pn+yanom .+n kynr+ypr +onnee n pemn+enrnee
onpeenm+ kanonr mysrkanrnoro noneenn. Pasymee+c, onpeenenn am+c na srke,
nmemmem mano o6mero c. srkom sananon +eopnn mysrkn. Onn konnen+pnpym+c ne na
qopme, a na snanennn, n nc+opn, ko+opym onn pacckasrnam+, nannnae+c nne yponn
co6c+nenno mysrkn. Kyp+ Bakc npnnon+ neko+opre ns npec+annennn, cnsannrx c
mysrkanrnrmn nnc+pymen+amn.

<c+p. 177>
Hnc+pymen+r n nce nx cnonc+na xapak+epnsym+c nx snanennem, a ne
npnnneka+enrnoc+rm nnn kpaco+on. Bnannmo nx snynanne mrkoe nnn cnnrnoe,
npnrnymennoe nnn nponsn+enrnoe; nx nnemnne qopmr okpyrnre nnn
saoc+pnnre; nx pacnne+ka mep+nenno 6ena nnn kponano kpacna; camrn xapak+ep
cnsannrx c nnmn nnennn yapon no nnm nnn nmn o semnm, ckpe6ymnx nnn
rnamnx. Bc .+o nnon+ pannne nnc+pymen+r n nsompnnrn na6npnn+
omysrkanrnrx marnnecknx konno+annn, npesnrnanno anknx o+ .c+e+nneckoro
nacnaenn. H kak nc+onnnkn snyka, n kak npeme+r, nnc+pymen+r npec+annm+
mnc+nneckne peanrnoc+n connna n nynr, nce+nopmne myckoe nnn enckoe nanana,
nnoopone, or n ne+ep; onn nnm+c cnnrnenmnmn ns ncex cpec+n nosenc+nn
na cnepxrec+ec+nennoe, kaknmn +onrko pacnonarae+ neno-nek, conepmammnn
nsnenno nanre pn+yanr pan coxpanenn cnoero soponr n cymec+nonann. [21]
3+n neponann cnsrnam+ mysrky ne +onrko c pennrnen n pennrnosnrmn
pn+yanamn, no n c kocmonornen, +o ec+r c pasnnnnrmn acnek+amn camon ncenennon
6yr +o c+panr cne+a, npemena roa, nne+a, nemec+na nnn nnenn npnpor.
B Kn+ae, nanpnmep, 6apa6an, 6naroap koanon mem6pane, cnsan c Cenepom,
snmon n noon. dnen+a nana, cenanna ns 6am6yka, o+oec+nne+c c Boc+okom,
necnon n ropon. Hn+pa cnonmn mnkonrmn c+pynamn npec+anne+ Kr, ne+o n oronr.
Me+annnnecknn konokon npnnanen+ Banay, ocenn n nnare.
Ananornnnrm o6pasom karn ns nenana+n nony+onon kn+anckon mysrkanrnon
cnc+emr sakpennn sa onpeennnrm nacom n n mecnem roa. hm6onr+no, n+o
cnmennre rnmnr nom+c n +enenne roa, coo+ne+c+nenno, n nenana+n pasnrx
+onax, nonrmacr o+ mecna k mecny na nony+on. H on+r-+akn, n+r ocnonnrx
+onon kn+anckon rammr npec+annm+ 1) Cenep, nnane+y Mepkypnn, epeno n npnrn
nne+, 2) Boc+ok, Knn+ep, noy n qnone+onrn nne+, 3) nen+p, Ca+ypn, semnm n
n+rn nne+, 4) Bana, Benepy, me+ann n 6enrn nne+, 5) Kr, Mapc, oronr n kpacnrn
nne+.
B Hnnn pasnnnnre qopmynr .+E3 +ake cnsrnam+c c +emn nnn nnrmn
nne+amn, nmn neenn, c+nxnmn, ne6ecamn, nnane+amn, npemenamn roa, snakamn
Bonaka, ronocamn n+nn, nospac+amn nenoneka, +enocnoennmn, +emnepamen+amn,
mycknm nnn encknm nonom n mnornm pyrnm. Kaon .+E0 o+neeno onpeennnoe
npem n, n ae n namn nn ona ne onna snyna+r n nenoxomee npem. Tonno
+ak e onn apa6cknn >+A-> (menonnecka qopmyna) npnnanen+ sonakanrnomy
snaky Onna, nocxoy n ncnene+ rnasa; pyron npnnanen+ Bnnsnenam, en+omy
nacy n, kak cnn+ae+c, nomorae+ npn cepennon apn+mnn n cennnrnoc+n; +pe+nn
cnsan c Pr6amn, y+pom n mnrpenrm; ne+np+rn c Brkom n npoc+yamn; n+rn
co hrnom n konnkamn; mec+on c Koseporom n 6onesnmn cepna. [22]
<c+p. 178>
Pamana ronopn+ nam, n+o npnmepno sa ne+rpe c+one+n o namen .pr nnnnckne
.+E3 naennncr en+rm .monnmn: nm6onr, nenoc+r n o6poymne; o+nara, yac n rnen;
o+npamenne, ynnnenne n cnokonc+nne. 3+o ne moe+ ne nanomnn+r o Hna+ononon
konqnkannn rpenecknx naon, n ko+opon opnncknn na onpeennc kak cnnrnrn n
myec+nennrn, qpnrnncknn kak c+pac+nrn n .kc+a+nnnrn, nnnncknn kak enc+nennrn n
nsneennrn, a mnkconnnncknn kak nenanrnrn n ckop6nrn.
Mrcnr o +om, n+o snykopr (a nose, +onanrnoc+n) o6naam+ pasnnnnrmn
.monnonanrnrmn n ncnxonornnecknmn cnonc+namn, sannmana ymr npak+nnecknx mysrkan+on
n +eope+nkon na npo+ennn Cpennx nekon n Bospoenn. B XVIII neke ona nonno+nnacr n
+eopnn aqqek+on (Affektenlehre), a em nose cnenacr k 6ananrnon nee necnoro maopa n
rpyc+noro mnnopa.
Y6eenn +akoro poa nnkora ne oc+nrann rny6nnr n 6esycnonnoc+n +ex
neponannn, ko+opre am+ nepymmemy ero kap+nny mnpa n onpeenm+ ero onr+.
Cnonnmnec na ocnone .mnnpnneckon mysrkanrnon npak+nkn, onn oc+ananncr connanrno
npnn+rmn ycnonnoc+mn, nnkak ne cnsannrmn c npemennrmn nnknamn o6mnnnon nsnn,
npnponrmn nananamn nnn kocmnnecknmn cnnamn. B o+nnnne o+ mysrkanrnon mnqonornn
kynr+yp Boc+oka, sananre konnennnn .+oca n .monnn n mysrke 6rnn ncero nnmr +eopnmn.
Bekamn, nannna c Hna+ona, onn qopmynnponanncr n mannnynnponann nac+poennmn
cnyma+enen o+ kynr+nnnponann y+onnnecknx rpaancknx o6poe+enen o
neonornneckoro nocnn+ann n npocto pasnnenenn.
Byknanrnrn cmrcn cnona raga aqqek+, c+pac+r, .monn cnsan c kopnem ranj,
ko+opoe osnanae+ nne+, okpacka. Kaa .+E+ cosa+ ncenponnkammym a+mocqepy (rasa),
ko+opa okpamena onpeennnon, xo+ n +pyno omy+nmon .monnen, nac+poennem n cmrcnom,
oprannneckn npncymnmn onpeennnomy momen+y npemenn, mec+y n o6c+o+enrc+nam. "+E+
nrnne+ n snykax cymec+nymmym ckpr+ym peanrnoc+r ono ns coc+onnn, nepes ko+opre
mnp npoxon+ n cnom 6esoc+anononnom nnennn, npnnon+ ncnxoqnsnneckne pn+mr
nenoneka n coo+ne+c+nne c +annrmn, yckonrsammnmn pn+mamn camon nsnn.

Hnnncknn mysrkan+ nac+pannae+ cnon nnc+pymen+ n npncy+c+nnn ropc+kn nmen,
cnmnx nokpyr n ro+onmnxc cnyma+r ero nrpy. Hac+pannacr, on nr+ae+c
nponnkny+r n nx ymr n nac+poenn. Y nero ne+ sapanee yc+anonnennon mysrkanrnon
nporpammr. On ns6npae+ pary, ko+opa kae+c emy noxomen k annomy momen+y,
n nmnponnsnpye+ na e ocnone... Hamn nnnnckne parn npe-
<c+p. 179>
c+annm+ nac+poenn, onpeenennre acnek+r npemenn nnn npnpor... ae n camrx
pennnx okymen+ax nnycon ronopn+c o nanoc+n n xapak+epe nosenc+nn pn+mon
pasnnnnrx ymc+nennrx coc+onnn, n 6pamnnr cenann .+o+ cnennqnnecknn nn
anannsa nenoneneckoro yma n npnpor oco6on naykon. Heyany nnn napymenne
nopka 6pamnn ncera npnnncrnae+ kakomy-nn6o nsrny pn+ma, n n nx nepemonnx
mono nne+r npak+nneckoe npnnoenne naykn ynpannenn pn+mom. [23]

Heynnn+enrno, n+o parn .+n nepyko+nopnre nkonr noc+onno nsmennnnrx n
nensmennrx acnek+on nsnn o6oec+nnm+c n nepconnqnnnpym+c. Pasnnnnre
nnnnckne an+opr onpeennn nx kak myckne nnn enckne, coo+nocnnn kak pon+enen n
e+en n npec+annnn nx n nnonncnrx o6pasax (raga-mala). Hoo6no 6oec+nam, onn
naenm+c marnnecknmn cnnamn; neko+oprm param (Mallar ragas) npnnncrnae+c
cnoco6noc+r nrsrna+r or, pare Dupak poa+r nnam, pare Kedar ncnen+r 6onesnn
n nnann+r kamenr n +.. Hmnponnsann na ocnone +on nnn nnon parn ne +onrko npo6yae+ e
marnneckne cnonc+na, no n nosenc+nye+ na nnx, n, n sanncnmoc+n o+ +oro, kak mysrkan+
+pak+ye+ .+y pary, on moe+ noepa+r n ykpenn+r ec+ec+nennrn nopok nsnn 11nn
ocna6n+r ero n noc+ann+r no yrposy.
Hoo6nre neponann o+nmr ne pekoc+r n pennnx kynr+ypax. n pennnx
kn+annen, nanpnmep, cymnoc+r mysrkn saknmnanacr ne n snynannn, a n e cnepxrec+ec+nennom
morymec+ne, n .+a nepa nna n ceron.

Ye n III neke o n... cymec+nonana sakonnenna cnc+ema, ko+opa cnsrnana
mysrkanrnre snykn c nopkom no Bcenennon... 3+a cnc+ema cosananacr n
pacmnpnacr ananornnno poc+nennrm cnc+emam n Hnnn, c+panax ncnama, pennen
Fpennn n xpnc+nanckom cpenenekonre-Bepa n cnoco6noc+r mysrkn noepnna+r
(nnn, npn nenoo6ammem yno+pe6nennn, paspyma+r) Bcenenckym Fapmonnm
nr+ekana ns nepr n marnneckym nnac+r snykon. Kak nponnenne coc+onn ymn,
ennc+nennrn snyk o6naan cnnon 6naro+nopno nnn paspymn+enrno nnn+r na pyrne
ymn. Taknm e o6pasom on mor nnn+r n na nce nnenn Hpnpor...
Kn+an, nepo+no, ynnkanen +em, n+o pn+yanrna mysrka cnn+ae+c secr
nac+onrko enc+nennrm peryn+opom rapmonnn no Bcenennon noo6me n n rocyapc+ne
n nac+noc+n, n+o nepnrm onrom npann+en 6rno cnen+r sa 6esynpennoc+rm
co6nmenn +pannnn ncnonnenn mysrkn n rocyapc+nennrx pn+yanon. [24]

Hepeckasanna Bakcom penn nerena o kn+anckom mac+epe B.ne, ko+opomy
nonao6nnocr +pn roa, n+o6r nepea+r na nnne
<c+p. 180>
menonm, nnmym n ero cepne, nmee+ npnmena+enrnoe npoonenne; ono nnymae+ mrcnr o
+om, n+o mysrka, omymaema n ncnonnema onnrm o6pasom, moe+ no6yn+r Hpnpoy
o+c+ynn+r o+ cnonx co6c+nennrx sakonon.

Brna necna; n kora on +ponyn c+pyny ]+2J n sac+annn snyna+r nocrmon nony+on,
nonnc npoxnanrn ne+ep, a kyc+r n epenr npnnecnn nnor. Kora 6rna ocenr,
on kocnync c+pynr &8- n sac+annn n+opon nony+on o+osna+rc, nonen nerknn
+nnrn ne+ep, a kyc+r n epenr oenncr nennkonennrm y6opom. Kora 6rno ne+o, n
on nsnnk snyk ns c+pynr ^, conpononn ero onnnana+rm nony+onom, nomn cner n
+peckynnn mopos nnesanno ckonan nrom pekn n ospa. Kora nac+ynnna snma, on
onnnn c+pyny \@3 n sac+annn n+rn nony+on o+knnkny+rc, connne nanano nann+r,
n n mrnonenno pac+an. Hakonen, on nsnnk snyk ns c+pynr V1B2J n o6rennnn e c
ne+rprm oc+anrnrmn c+pynamn: cnaoc+nre ynonenn samen+ann, o6naka yann
co6panncr, cnaka poca nana na semnm n nc+onnnkn nanonnnnncr o kpan.

Marnnecka cnoco6noc+r mysrkn npeoonena+r sakonr npnpor npocnanne+c n
nerenax ncex napoon, npoonae+ Kyp+ Bakc. Ho kn+ancknn mnq 6onee rny6ok:
morymec+nen ne snyk kak +akonon: nyeca +nopn+ cepne, nennkoe cepne, ko+opoe n mysrke
naxon+ ronoc n nrpaenne. [25]
Xo+ nepa n morymec+no mysrkn n nokon+c na +on e ocnone, n+o n cnmna+nnecka
marn saknnnanne noo6noro noo6nrm, mey nnmn ec+r nanoe pasnnnne. Marnneckne
enc+nn, o ko+oprx mr snaem ns mnoec+na mnqon, neren, nonme6nrx ckasok n
an+pononornnecknx nccneonannn, ena nn o+nnnam+c o+ kononc+na n nopo6r; name ncero
onn cnya+ n oc+nenn npak+nnecknx nenen o6prx nnn snrx n oco6enno nennr n
6opr6e c npo+nnnnkom. H+o e kacae+c mysrkn, +o +e e nc+onnnkn ronop+ nam, n+o ona
non+n ncera npnnnekanacr n ncnenenn n nocc+anonnenn nopka n nenoneke n n npnpoe.
eno secr ne n oco6on mopanrnon npnpoe mysrkn, a n xapak+epe cosanaemon em
ncnxoqnsnneckon nac+ponkn.
Ak+ cnmna+nneckon marnn ncera nxo+omnnen: on npenonarae+ npo+nnononoenne n
pasprn mey o6rek+om kononc+na n marom, ko+oprn c+pemn+c nosenc+nona+r na nero,
mannnynnpy ero noo6nem. Henn+enr n mysrkan+ naxo+c n nnon cn+yannn. Onn ne
mannnynnpym+, ne nosenc+nym+ na o6rek+, no c+pem+c yc+pann+r nxo+omnnecknn pasprn,
o+oec+nn+rc c nsnennrmn cnnamn (ko+opre nmenym+c cnepxrec+ec+nennrmn +onrko
no+omy, n+o pannonanrno nenoc+nnmr). Ocymec+nn yanrnoc+r-
<c+p. 181>
ennc+no, nocc+anannnna co6c+nennym nenoc+noc+r n noccoenncr c kocmnnecknm
nopkom, onn nosnonm+ nenn+enrnrm perenepa+nnnrm cnnam npnpor enc+nona+r nepes
nnx.
Hon+n +y e cn+yannm mr naxonm y nc+okon sananon nnnnnnsannn. Hnqaropennr
+oe 6rnn nenn+enmn-mysrkan+amn. Onn +oe nepnnn n cnny ka+apcnca, onnmenn ymn
nocpec+nom nocc+anonnenn n nen rapmonnn (armonia), npnponoro sakona. Onn nonn+ann
mysrky kak nc+nnnoe noo6ne n mannqec+annm ncenenckoro sakona n nepnnn n e
cnoco6noc+r rapmonnsona+r ym n +eno. Ha .+om, onako, cxoc+no konnae+c, n oporn
pacxo+c. Brcmnm poom mysrkn n nnqaropennen 6rna +a, ko+opa o6pamena ne k cnyxy
n nync+nam, a k pasymy; no rapmonnen onn nonnmann ne ennc+no c nnrm, nenno
nsmennnnrm mnpom, a +anny nennrx n nensmennrx nncen, nponopnnn n reome+pnnecknx
qnryp. Onnmenne nenoneneckoro yma n +ena osnanano npnneenne nx n cornacne c nesr6nemon
kocmnneckon rapmonnen, a ne nknmnenne no nceo6remnmmne pn+mr nsnn, n nnamnnecknn
nopok, n ko+opom mnp nne+c. Barnnno+nsnponannre nnc+o nn+ennek+yanrnrmn
nananamn, onn ne nn+epeconanncr ma+epnanrnrmn qenomenamn n coepannem nenoneneckoro
onr+a, ne onepnn nync+nam n npene6perann peanrnoc+rm npemenn.

Hny+apx ronopnn o nnqaropennax: "Hasnanenne reome+pnnnrnec+n nac ns mnpa
nync+n n nopnn n nnec+n n mnp nn+ennek+a n nennoro. Ho+omy n+o cosepnanne nennoro
ec+r konenna nenr qnnocoqnn +ak e, kak cosepnanne +annc+n ec+r konenna nenr
pennrnn"...
Hc+opnneckoe snanenne nen, n+o 6ecc+pac+na nayka o+kprnae+ ny+r k
onnmennm ymn n, n konennom cn+e, k e ocno6oennm, +pyno npeynennnn+r...
Hnqaropencka konnennn naykn kak ny+n cosepnann nennoro nponnkna nepes
Apnc+o+en n yx xpnc+nanc+na n crrpana pemammym ponr n Bananoro mnpa. [26]

$,B53A3; M2B4 7.-E.044+
Cnyc+ nana+r n+r c+one+nn y6eenn nnqaropennen no-npenemy nnr:
nn+ennek+ o+kprnae+ ny+r k nc+nne, n nc+onnnkom snann nne+c nayka. C nepmnnr,
oc+nrny+on nocne onroro nocxoenn, naneon+onor n +eonor Tenp e Eapen
nepeknnkae+c co cnonmn pennnmn npemec+nennnkamn:
<c+p. 182>
?=*J C-5JP0 @2+F3*, 7.01/0 ,40E-, C-5JP0 @2+*J. O+cma +annc+nenna +ra,.,
nenpeoonnmo nnekyma nenoneka k nayke kak nc+onnnky Xnsnn,., nnc+nnk+,
ronopmnn nam, n+o, n+o6r 6r+r nepnrm Xnsnn, mr onnr @2+*J; mr onnr
sna+r 6onrme n 6onrme; mr onnr 6es yc+ann ncka+r Hen+o,.. ko+opoe nn+c n
konne konnon +em, k+o nponnk n camoe cepne peanrnoc+n. B y+nepam, n+o, cney
.+nm ny+m, mono nan+n necomre ocnonann n nepr n Hporpecc. [27]

He Hporpecca npononeye+c co npemn Bnaennoro Anryc+nna, ecnn ne
Apnc+o+en. Moe+ nokasa+rc c+pannrm, n+o c+onr c+apa o6menpnsnanna konnennn
samnmae+c c +akon c+pac+rm n nc em nyae+c n necomrx ocnonannx. Bonpomammen
no+on y+nepenne Eapena o6sano nonon nn+epnpe+annn c+apon nen: nnepnre n nc+opnn
on cnsan Hporpecc c 3nonmnnen, npnnnmaemon sa npnnnnn Xnsnn. O+cma mrcnr o +om, n+o
nenr nenoneneckon pacr nakannnna+r snanne, no+omy n+o nnmr na .+om ny+n 6ye+
oc+nrny+o, nonnoe cnnnne nnnnnyanrnrx ymon n noocqepe ncenenckoro cosnann n
pasyma.
Hpnsnana +onrko cosnanne n cosna+enrnoe snanne, o+oec+nn naynnre sakonr c
peanrnoc+rm n camon Xnsnrm, nona .cxa+onorn Eapena okonna+enrno sakpenne+
annnn pasprn n nsanmnoe o+nyenne cy6rek+a n o6rek+a. Xnna konkpe+noc+r
nnnnnyanrnoro n konnek+nnnoro cy6rek+nnnoro onr+a ncknmnae+c ns nsanmoo+nomennn
mey nenonekom n peanrnoc+rm, a orpannnenne .+nx nsanmoo+nomennn snannem sakprnae+
nosmonoc+r cnnnn c nsnrm, nap+nnnnannn: 6r+n.
Moe+ nokasa+rc c+pannrm +o, n+o 6pakocone+anne Hporpecca n 3nonmnnn ne
nponsomno mnoro panrme, nockonrky n +o+, n pyra npenonaram+c n nyeo-xpnc+nanckom
+onkonannn nc+opnn. Konnennn Tenp e Eapena nosnnkna na nonne, noro+onnennon pom
ero nc+opnneckn 6nnsknx npemec+nennnkon. 3+a +enennn nosnnkna n cepenne npomnoro
neka, n nckope e nponnenn mono 6rno o6napyn+r n +aknx pasnrx o6nac+x, kak nayka,
6nonorn, nonn+nka n .c+e+nka.
B 1848 roy Mapkc n 3nrenrc ony6nnkonann Kommynnc+nnecknn mannqec+
eknapa+nnnoe nsnoenne nsrna na nc+opnneckym .nonmnnm o6mec+n kak cnec+nn
c+nxnnnoro pasnn+n .konomnnecknx cnn n npoponec+no o 6yymem mnponom 6ecknacconom
o6mec+ne 6es connanrnon npar, nepanenc+na n o+nyenn. B 1859 roy n
Hponcxoennn nnon apnnn nrnnnyn konnennnm nporpeccnnnon 6nonornneckon
.nonmnnn nocpec+nom npncnoco6nenn k menmmnmc npnponrm ycnonnm n nrnnann
nan6onee
<c+p. 183>
npncnoco6nennrx. Hpnmepno c +oro e npemenn n o konna c+one+n ymamn nn+ennek+yanon
nnaen Fep6ep+ Cnencep, cosanmnn nceo6remnmmym +eopnm .nonmnnn n npnpoe,
nenoneneckon ncnxnke n o6mec+ne. Ero nonnmanne .nonmnnn kak nponecca, neymero o+
neonpeennnon neynoponennon onoponoc+n ko nc 6onee cnono oprannsonannon
pasnoponoc+n 6rno pannnm npennennem conpemennoro npec+annenn o6 oprannneckon
.nonmnnn kak nporpeccnnnon nqqepennnannn n poc+a c+pyk+ypnon cnonoc+n, nepexoa o+
6onee nepo+nrx coc+onnn k menee nepo+nrm, nnane ronop, n nanpannennn ynennnenn
ner.n+ponnn, +o ec+r c+pyk+ypnon nnqopmannn.
Fononokpyn+enrnrn nporpecc naynnrx snannn n +exnnnecknx oc+nennn sa
nocnenne nek-non+opa nnymae+ mrcnr o +om. n+o ne .nonmnnn o+kprna nenoneky cekpe+
camon nsnn. Onako cnpocnm ce6: oc+a+c nn nporpecc neen +akon e nosnrmammen n
okprnmmen, kakon ona 6rna n cepenne npomnoro neka? He cosan nn on mnoec+no
npo6nem, konqnnk+on n kpnsncon, ko+opre em +pn-ne+rpe nokonenn nasa 6rno
nenosmono npenne+r? He npenpa+nnc nn saxna+rnammnn no+ok nso6pe+ennn n o+kpr+nn
n nennym peaknnm, ko+opym nenonek necnoco6en oc+anonn+r nnn samenn+r? He npnxon+c
nn emy +enepr pacnnannna+rc sa o6pe+nnoe morymec+no +aknmn no6onnrmn .qqek+amn, kak
nc+omenne nc+onnnkon .neprnn, sarpsnenne okpyammen cper, nepenacennnoc+r,
nsmenenne mnponoro knnma+a, mexannsann nsnn n ckyka?
Ho ennsom 6onrme sna+r nenonek nonynnn nosmonoc+r nsmen+r cnom cpey
o6n+ann; okpya ce6 n+opon npnpoon, on nc 6onee o+ane+c n o+ene+c o+ nepnon,
nc+nnnon npnpor. 3+o n o+kprno nepe .mancnnnponannon naykon n +exnnkon ny+r
neorpannnennoro nporpecca, ko+oprn c+an o+oec+nn+rc c nornkon nc+opnn n camon
nsnn.
Bo nceo6remnmmem .nonmnnonnom nsrne, qak+nneckn, cqopmynnponana oco6a
cyr6a sananon nnamnnnon nc+opnneckon nnnnnnsannn (Bep+ananqn). Hporpecc kak sakon
Xnsnn osnanae+ nocxoenne, conepmenc+nonanne, nonnsny, ycnonenne. To, n+o orpomnoe
6onrmnnc+no nacenenn semnoro mapa nnkora ne snano nporpeccnnnon nc+opnneckon
.nonmnnn n nyo nee c+penonnnoro npemenn, ne cmymano nmen Banaa: .+o 6onrmnnc+no
npoc+o o+c+ano n cnom pasnn+nn. Hokop+r nkne napor n nnemena, o6pama+r nx n cnom
nepy, npnnnna+r nm sananre nennoc+n cnn+anocr non+nrm onrom mnccnonepon n
kononnsa+opon.
<c+p. 184>
Tem e .+nonen+pnnecknm .nonmnnonnsmom 6rnn nponnkny+r ymr nc+opnkon
mysrkn nocnennx nyx c+one+nn. Onn ncxonnn ns nyx akcnoma+nnecknx npenocrnok:
nepnoe, pasnnnacr nc+opnneckn, mysrka npoxon+ onpeennnym nocneona+enrnoc+r qas,
noo6nrx qasam nenoneneckon nsnn n, n+opoe, enponencka mysrka nne+ co6on nrcmee
oc+nenne .+oro .nonmnnonnoro nponecca n, +aknm o6pasom, ona npoknarnae+ ny+r, no
ko+opomy onnr npon+n nponne mysrkanrnre kynr+ypr. Kyp+ Bakc npnnon+ n
kommen+npye+ +nnnnnoe y+nepenne n onon ns nc+opnn mysrkn, ony6nnkonannon n 1827
roy:

"B An+nnnoc+n e+ckom nospac+e mysrkn 6rnn nsnec+nr +onrko npoc+re
menonn, ne snanmne ykpamennn, kak n y +aknx napoon, kak nnycr, kn+annr,
nepcr n apa6r, ko+opre eme ne nrmnn ns e+ckoro nospac+a".
3+o nonc+nne rerenrncknn nporpeccnnnsm: kak e aneko mr ymnn n namen
spenoc+n (nnn n namen cennnrnoc+n?)! He c+anem kaca+rc rny6okoro neneec+na
mnennn o "npoc+rx, ne snammnx ykpamennn menonx" nnycon, nepcon n apa6on
.+nx nenpensonnnrx mac+epon opnamen+nponannoro nenn, ko+opre oc+annm+
npoc+o+y cnonm nnsmnm qopmam e+cknx necen n Banay. [28]

3nonmnnonna konnennn nc+opnn mysrkn ne nnmena ocnonannn. O6ospena ny+r,
nponennrn em sa neckonrko c+one+nn, +pyno ne ynne+r nenr nocneona+enrnrx,
neo+pasnmo nornnnrx nsmenennn n cnnron. Onoronocne nepnoro +rcnenenn n... cmennnocr
nyxronocnrmn opranymom n konyk+om, ko+opre sa+em pasnnnncr n +px- n
ne+rpxronocnrn kon+panynk+: ns nonnqonnn kpnc+annnsonanacr rapmonn, a moanrnoc+r
yc+ynnna mec+o +onanrnon cnc+eme, ko+opa noc+enenno ycnonnacr noka, nakonen, ne
npnnena k a+onanrnoc+n, a sa+em oekaqonnn, cepnnnon +exnnke n nponnm cnc+emam
komnosnnnn XX neka.
Camrm nanrm 6rno 6r paccma+pnna+r .+n nepemenr n cnsn c menmmnmnc
o6mnmn ycnonnmn sananon nnnnnnsannn n kynr+ypr. Onncanne nx kak c+ann an+onomnoro
camopasnn+n mysrkanrnoro nckycc+na o6naae+ ycnonnon nennoc+rm +eope+nneckon
cnekynnnn. Onpeen+r .+n nepemenr kak nporpecc mory+ nnmr 6nnsopykne nmn,
ocnennnnre .+on neen. Camym e rpy6ym omn6ky conepmann +e, k+o, .kc+panonnpy nem
nporpecca n npomnoe, naxonn ncm ne-sananym mysrky npnmn+nnnon, menenno
nporpeccnpymmen o+ c+ann onono+non menonn k nyxno+non c+ann n +ak anee.
3n+ysnac+r .nonmnnn cknonnr sa6rna+r o +om, n+o ona nnknnnna n ne+ k nrmnpannm n
ncnesnonennm oco6en, 6nonornnecknx nnon n nenrx nnnnnnsannn.
<c+p. 185>
Konennrn cmrcn, nanpannenne n nasnanenne nsnn ckpr+r o+ nac. Ho +o, n+o nam
nsnec+no, nanon+ na mrcnr o nonc+nennom xapak+epe .nonmnnn: nocxoenne n onom
osnanae+ nncxoenne n pyrom, kaomy npno6pe+ennm cony+c+nye+ y+pa+a. Bep+ananqn
nnme+ o6 .+on nonc+nennoc+n kak 6nonor:

Xnsnr ynopno nonnmae+c no cnnpann na nce 6onee nrcokne yponnn, onnannna
cnon karn mar. Ona pasnnnae+c o+ onokne+onnrx oprannsmon k mnorokne+onnrm
n +em camrm nnocn+ n mnp cmep+r. Ona oc+nrae+ 6onee nrcoknx yponnen
nqqepennnannn n nen+pannsannn n pacnnannnae+c sa .+o cnoco6noc+rm
nocc+anannnna+r pannonecne nocne napymennn. Ona nso6pe+ae+ nrcoko pasnn+ym
nepnnym cnc+emy, a nmec+e c nen 6onr. K nepno6r+nrm nac+m .+on nepnnon
cnc+emr ona o6anne+ mosr n cosnanne, ko+opoe npn nocpec+ne nenoro mnpa
cnmnonon cnoco6no npenne+r 6yymee n ynpann+r nm, no n +o e camoe npem ona
nopoae+ +penorn n c+paxn, ko+opre 6rnn nesnakomr nkapm; nakonen, sa nce .+o
pasnn+ne en moe+ 6r+r npn+c sanna+n+r camoynnn+oennem. [29]

Hpnmn+nnnrn oprannsm pasnnnae+c ny+m nocneona+enrnoro enenn,
nqqepennnannn n o6pasonann nc 6onee ysko cnennannsnponannrx opranon. Henoe pac++,
ero c+pyk+ypa ycnone+c, c+anonn+c nc 6onee pasnoponon, no nmec+e c +em y+pannnae+
rn6koc+r, c+anonn+c nc 6onee xpynkon. Xnnon oprannsm npenpamae+c n kpnc+ann.
C+pyk+ypnoe ycnonenne, o+kprnanmee nc nonre saxna+rnammne nosmonoc+n, n
nso6paae+c kak nporpecc n mysrke. Hsnanka e .+oro nporpecca oc+ae+c non+n
nesamenennon. Ba nero npnxonnocr n npnxon+c pacnnannna+rc rny6oknmn n noka nnoxo
cosnanaemrmn nsmenennmn mysrkanrnoro noneenn.
Hemnorne o+am+ ce6e o+n+ n +om, n+o nrnemnee n+koe pasenenne ponen mey
komnosn+opom, ncnonnn+enem n cnyma+enem, npnnnmaemoe kak onnoe, cpannn+enrno
neannero nponcxoenn, n+o ono cnsano non+n ncknmnn+enrno c sananon +pannnen n
npec+anne+ co6on okamenenmnn npoyk+ nqqepennnannn nekora ennon n
nceo6remnmmen mysrkanrnon qynknnn.
Hepnonananrnoe ennc+no npoonae+ cymec+nona+r +onrko n ckpr+rx
pynmen+apnrx qopmax. B xoe connnenn komnosn+op nrc+ynae+ nepnrm nn+epnpe+a+opom
n cnyma+enem cnoen mysrkn; xopomnn ncnonnn+enr c+apae+c nponnkny+r n samrcen an+opa
mysrkn, o+oec+nn+rc c nnm; a xopomnn cnyma+enr +o+, k+o cnoco6en c nonnmannem
cnen+r sa mysrkon n e ncnonnennem n coynac+nona+r, conepenna+r.
<c+p. 186>
Bnponem, .+o pennk+onoe ennc+no mono nan+n, n ocnonnom, nnmr n mysrke, ne
noprnammen c knaccnnecknmn +pannnmn: cosa+enn 12-+ononrx, cepnnnrx, c+oxac+nnecknx
n npoc+panc+nennrx komnosnnnn ne onenr cno npec+annm+ ce6e, kak onn 6yy+ snyna+r;
an+op anea+opnneckon komnosnnnn noro+onnen k snykonomy pesynr+a+y nemnornm nynme
cnonx ncnonnn+enen n cnyma+enen; a nponsneenn .nek+ponnon mysrkn, cosanaemre
komnrm+epamn n ncnonnemre cnc+emamn nnamnkon, mory+ nocnpnnnma+rc nnmr kak
nkonnnnre o6rek+r na nnnennon semne nosmono, cnnrnoenc+nymmne, no
ncknmnammne coynac+ne.
3+a .nonmnn nonce ne nne+c camopasnn+nem mysrkn, peannsannen e
nmmanen+nrx no+ennnn. Pemammym ponr n nen nrpann n nrpam+ nnemnne qak+opr
+exnnneckne, connanrnre, kommepneckne n nponne, qak+opr, nnymne sananon
nnnnnnsannen o+nmr ne n nanpannennn, npeycmo+pennom npnpoon.
Hc+opn mysrkn .+o nc+opn nenonenec+na; no+ cnona, ko+opre cneonano 6r
nanep+a+r na qpon+one namero oma, nnme+ Kyp+ Bakc. [30] Onako neoc+a+onno npoc+o
conmec+n+r ne nc+opnn paccma+pnna+r .nonmnnm mysrkn na qone conno-kynr+ypnrx
nponeccon. Heo6xonmo sarnny+r rny6e n nenncannym nc+opnm mnponocnpn+nn,
nennoc+en, ncnxonornnecknx yc+anonok, yxa sananon nnnnnnsannn, ynne+r ee kak
orpomnym oprannsmnneckym cnc+emy, nonepennym nny+pennnm nsmenennm, npoxomym
nepes p pasnnnnrx coc+onnn, ko+opre nonynann cno o+paenne no ncex cqepax
nenoneneckon e+enrnoc+n.
Tonrko c nrco+r n+nnrero non+a mono oxna+n+r ennrm nsopom .+y rnran+ckym
nc+opnneckym nepcnek+nny n cnsa+r pasnoponre nc+opnneckne co6r+n. Pasenenne na
npoqeccnonanrnrx mysrkan+on n cnyma+enen 6rno cnec+nnem nepemenr, nponcmemen n
Enpone npnmepno cemr c+one+nn nasa. Hpcn Bnr nockasrnae+ nosmonym o+npannym
+onky .+oro nponecca:

3+o+ nean konnen+pnponanc na oc+ynnrx mnpcknx yononrc+nnx 6onrme, nem
na nosmonon .cxa+onornneckon kape nnn nosnarpaennn, n no+omy c+on n
npnnnnnnanrnon onnosnnnn k nsrnam 6onrmnnc+na cpenenekonrx 6orocnonon na
nasnanenne mysrkn... He, n+o mysrka, napy c no.snen, onna cymec+nona+r pan
ne camon, y+nepananacr +py6aypamn, +pynepamn nnn nx repmancknmn co6pa+rmn
mnnnesnnrepamn... 3+n nponosnec+nnkn rymannsma n mysrke no neo6xonmoc+n
o+c+annann nesanncnmoc+r mysrkan+a-npak+nka n, enc+ny +aknm o6pasom,
nononnn nanano pasmeenannm mey ncnonnn+enem n ayn+opnen. [31]

<c+p. 187>
Bnponem, Aam e Fannr, Fnnom 'Amrenc, Banr+ep qon ep dorenrnene n nx
konnern ne 6rnn +onrko ncnonnn+enmn; n nx npemena .+o cnono 6rno nnmeno cmrcna: onn
nrpann n nenn mysrky co6c+nennoro connnenn. Pasenenne ponen cosa+en n ncnonnn+en
mysrkn nponsomno mnoro nose.
Ckonrko-nn6yr onpeennno a+npona+r .+o+ cnnr +pyno ne ns-sa neoc+a+ka
nnqopmannn, a n cnny +oro, n+o qynknnn ncnonnn+en ne noam+c +onnomy onpeenennm.
Bo nce npemena 6onrmnnc+no mysrkan+on kak npoqeccnonanon, +ak n nm6n+enen neno n
nrpano mysrky, connnnnym kem-nn6o pyrnm. Onako em +pnc+a ne+ nasa 6rno 6r nenepno
nne+r n nnx npoc+o ncnonnn+enen nnn ae nn+epnpe+a+opon nynx connnennn: n 6onrmen
nnn menrmen c+enenn onn coynac+nonann n e snykonom oqopmnennn, n nsnec+nom cmrcne,
npoona +py komnosn+opa n npnana okonna+enrnrn nn ero cxema+nneckn
no+nponannomy samrcny. Komnosn+opr o6rnno camn npec+annnn cnon connnenn ny6nnke,
n nepeko nmn 6rnann nennr n nnc+pymen+annc+r. ae c nonnennem npoqeccnonanrnrx
konnep+nrx oprannsannn no n+opon nononnne XVIII neka mysrkan+r npoonann ncnonn+r
mysrky cnonx konner-conpemennnkon n o6mennna+rc ponmn c komnosn+opamn.
Kpynnrn cnnr, pasennnmnn nx, 6rn o+nac+n cnsan c nepemenon o+nomenn k
mysrke n nckycc+nam noo6me: mysrka c+ana paccma+pnna+rc kak pasnnenenne, npeme+
pockomn n nc+onnnk yononrc+nnnkak +onap, sa ko+oprn c+onno nna+n+r. O6 .+on kpy+on
nepemene n kynr+ypnon nsnn Hon Fenpn hanr nnme+:

Hy6nnnna konnep+na nsnr nananacr no-nac+omemy no npemena Be+xonena.
Mnoronncnennre mysrkanrnre ynpeenn, xoponre o6mec+na, opkec+pr,
koncepna+opnn n mysrkanrnre qec+nnann, nonnnmnec n nepnon +pe+n npomnoro
neka, nponosrnamann nac+ynnenne nonon 6ora+on mysrkanrnon nsnn. Pasmax .+on
e+enrnoc+n cosan no+pe6noc+r n apmnn mysrkan+on-ncnonnn+enen, n
komnosn+opr, ko+opre n npenne npemena camn sa6o+nnncr o6 ncnonnennn cnonx
connnennn, 6rnn ye ne n coc+onnn o+nena+r .+on no+pe6noc+n: komnosn+op n
ncnonnn+enr pasennnncr, n n+opon o6pn camoc+o+enrnoc+r. [32]

n ny6nnkn nonoro +nna mysrka ye ne 6rna oprannneckon nac+rm n
nemen+npymmnm nananom o6mnnnoro yknaa nsnn; ona c+ana o6rek+om nnc+o .c+e+nneckoro
cosepnann. Hona ny6nnka ye ne ononrc+nonanacr xne6om nacymnrm cnoen mysrkn, no
nponnna nenacr+noe nm6onr+c+no k mysrke nnrx mec+ n npemn. Honocosannre
konnep+nre oprannsannn n onepnre komnannn
<c+p. 188>
o+nenann +on e no+pe6noc+n, n+o n mysen, nosnnkanmne no ncen Enpone Yqqnnn no
dnopennnn (1737), Hpao n Mapne (1785), hynp n Hapne (1793), Pnnkc n Amc+epame
(1808), Hannonanrna ranepe n honone (1824), 3pmn+a n Cank+-He+ep6ypre (1852).
Okonna+enrnoe o6oco6nenne ncnonnn+en n komnosn+opa conponoanocr nsanmnrm
o+nyennem, +pennmn n konqnnk+amn. Onn ne mor o6on+ncr 6es pyroro, no na nonpnme
connanrnoro npec+na n mysrkanrnoro an+opn+e+a onn 6rnn nenpnmnpnmrmn conepnnkamn.
Bepn 6rn onnm ns mnornx, k+o neroonan no nonoy cnoenonn n camoy+nepenn
ncnonnn+enen:

H+o kacae+c npnpckoro noxnonenn n +nopneckon nnnnna+nnr n kaom
ncnonnennn, +o .+o+ npnnnnn nens6eno npnnon+ k ypoc+ny n qanrmn. 3+o nmenno
+o+ ny+r, ko+oprn npnnn mysrky k ypoc+ny n qanrmn n konne npomnoro c+one+n
n n nanane .+oro, kora nennr o+nannanncr "+nopn+r" (kak npoonam+ nrpaa+rc
qpannysr) cnon nap+nn, npnno ncnec+nne .+oro k nonnon nepas6epnxe n
6eccmrcnnne. He+, xony +onrko ono-ennc+nennoe +nopenne n 6yy nonnoc+rm
yonne+nopn, ecnn onn 6yy+ npoc+o n +onno ncnonn+r +o, n+o nanncano. Bea n
+om, n+o onn ne oc+anannnnam+c na +om, n+o nanncano. B o+nepram mrcnr o +om, n+o
nennr nnn npnp cnoco6nr "+nopn+r" nnn pa6o+a+r +nopneckn. 3+a ne, kak
ncera ronopnn, ne+ n nponac+r. [33]

B +o e npem enc+nn+enrnrn +nopen mysrkn nync+nye+, n+o ne +onrko ero
nponsneenne nono nn+epnpe+npye+c, n ero samrcen nckaae+c, no n cam on o+onnny+ n
+enr n sacnonen qnrypon ncnonnn+en.

Hama mysrkanrna nsnr nc 6onrme n 6onrme npenpamae+c n kynr+
nn+epnpe+a+opa. Henny pama+nneckomy conpano nnn nrcokomy +enopy, a ne
Pnxapy Barnepy, nosam+c xnanr sa Tpnc+ana n Hsonry. Hy6nnka,
noknonmmac "6oec+nennomy" npnpy, cknonna sa6rna+r o nknae Be+xonena n
nap+n+ypy n nocxnane+ rpannosnoc+r ncnonnenn en+on cnmqonnn
onpeennnrm npnpom... Kap+nna noc+enenno mennacr na npo+ennn nocnennx
ne+rpxco+ ne+, n +enepr nn+epnpe+a+op, ko+oprn panrme npncy+c+nonan na sanem
nnane, c+an sneson ncnonnn+enrc+na. He ynnn+enrno, n+o mysrkanrnrn mnp
pasnpam+ apkne cnopr o npane na nn+epnpe+annm n e rpannnax. Kakonr npana
nn+epnpe+a+opa? Fe naxo+c .+n rpannnr? [34]

Becr narnno nrc+ynae+ mnsoqpennnecknn xapak+ep pacmennenn nekora ennon,
nenrnon ponn mysrkan+a. Ho ecnn nap+nnn-nann nyx npoqeccnonanon n nponsnonmon nmn
conmec+no my-
<c+p. 189>
srke c+onr orpannnena, ycnonna, npo+nnopennna, +o o cnyma+enrckon nap+nnnnannn ena nn
npnxon+c ronopn+r.
Mysrkan+r-npoqeccnonanr na Banae anno sa6rnn o npemenax, kora nx npekn
mynnnr, enmnnr n ae e+n nenn n nrpann na nnc+pymen+ax cnon+anno n ec+ec+nenno.
He ymem+ sananre npoqeccnonanr n ynn+r mysrke nnn mysrky c ronoca n na cnyx:
mnoronekona yc+no-cnyxona napona +pannn nrmnpae+ +enepr ae n epennx.
Komnosn+op moe+ coo6ma+r ncnonnn+enm o cnonx namepennx +onrko n
nncrmennon qopme. Ho mepe +oro kak pasprn mey nnmn pacmnpnc, a mysrkanrnre
c+pyk+ypr c+anonnnncr nc 6onee e+anrnrmn n cnonrmn, coo+ne+c+nenno nsmennacr n
mysrkanrna no+ann.
Ocnonnre +nnr mysrkanrnon nncrmennoc+n na Banae ne cmennncr n rnakon
xpononornneckon nocneona+enrnoc+n. Pasnre +nnr n nnr no+annn cocymec+nonann,
nr+ecnnn ona pyrym, nepennann pacnne+ n ynaok nmec+e c konkpe+nrmn c+nnmn n
6onee o6mnmn ycnonnoc+mn, ko+opre onn o+paann n noepnnann. Cmenr no+annn
nenosmono o6rcnn+r na ocnone nornneckon npeemc+nennoc+n. Onn npnnanea+ k
pasnnnnrm poam n pasnnnam+c ne +onrko cpec+namn o6osnanenn, no n cnonmn
ocnonnrmn npenocrnkamn, qynknnmn n nenmn.
3kqone+nneckne snakn namekann na nanpannenne nnenn ronoca n onpeennnrx
momen+ax. Byknamn o6osnananncr nrco+r +onon. Henmr ykasrnann o6mne onep+ann +ekynnx
mennsma+nnecknx opnamen+on. Cnona, coc+annennre ns cnoron conrmnsannonnon cnc+emr
Fnno Ape+nnckoro, nomorann nennam sanomnna+r nennnnre menonneckne qopmynr c
+onnon nn+epnannkon, no 6es ykasannn na a6conm+nym nrco+y, nn+enrnoc+n nnn pn+m. B
nonnqonnnecknx no+annx 6onrmoe nnnmanne yennocr nrco+e n nn+enrnoc+n, nockonrky
onn onnr 6rnn o6ecnenn+r cnnxponnoc+r ronocon n nsompnnrx kon+panynk+nnecknx
kom6nnannx. Onn nocnynnn nananom knaccnneckon n+nnnnennon no+annn, no ne nomemann
nosnnknonennm nnc+pymen+anrnrx +a6yna+yp kap+ nnennn nanrnen na knanna+ype nnn
rpnqe. Knaccnnecka no+ann ne ynpasnnna n nnqponre o6osnanenn akkopnkn n
nap+n+ypax XVIII neka, xo+ n pacnonarana n .+oro ncemn neo6xonmrmn cpec+namn. 3+n
nnqponkn nonynnnn n+opym nsnr n conpemennon asonon npak+nke.
Orpomnoe 6onrmnnc+no mysrkan+on nmee+ ceron cmy+noe npec+annenne o c+aprx
cnc+emax no+annn, nx cnonc+nax n nosmonoc+x. Cornacno mnpoko pacnpoc+pannnomy
nosspennm, pas-
<c+p. 190>
nn+ne no+annn 6rno nponeccom nocneona+enrnrx yconepmenc+nonannn, nenrm ko+oprx
6rno cena+r rpaqnneckoe npec+annenne mysrkanrnrx c+pyk+yp kak mono 6onee
onosnannrm, ncnepnrnamme nonnrm n +onnrm. B Harvard Dictionary of Music mr nn+aem:
Honnoc+rm pasnn+a cnc+ema no+annn onna pacnonara+r cpec+namn o6osnanenn nyx
rnannrx cnonc+n mysrkanrnoro snyka: ero nrco+r n ero nn+enrnoc+n. [36] Takona, .
pasymee+c, conpemenna no+ann, aneko npensomema ncex cnonx npemec+nennnn,
ko+opre pom c nen nrrn+ npnmn+nnnrmn, neyknmnmn n nenn+nrmn. Peanrna
kap+nna, nnponem, ne c+onr npoc+a.
Ono ns pacnpoc+pannnrx sa6nyennn sac+anne+ nne+r n nap+n+ype +onnrn n
nonnrn rpaqnnecknn .knnnanen+ mysrkn e o6rek+nnnrn n camooc+a+onnrn ananor. 3+o
y6eenne nosnone+ +eope+nkam anannsnpona+r mysrky ne n snynannn, a n nap+n+ype,
ocnonrna+r cnon nrnor ne na cnyxonrx, a na nnsyanrnrx na6nmennx. Taka nomena
nona ae n cnynae camon e+anrnon nap+n+ypr. Mysrkan+, onnaenmnn nckycc+nom
n+enn, ncnonnenn n anannsa no+non sanncn, sa6rnae+ o co+nx 6onrmnx n manrx
ycnonnoc+en, neamnx n e ocnone, n o co6c+nennom orpomnom onr+e cnymann n ncnonnenn
mysrkn, npno6pe+nnom sa onrne ror npoqeccnonanrnon e+enrnoc+n. 3+o em 6onee
cnpanennno no o+nomennm k c+aprm nnam no+annn.
Bnynanne mysrkn ne moe+ n ne onno qnkcnpona+rc na 6ymare c ncnepnrnammen
nonno+on. Mnorne ycnonnoc+n nac+onrko xopomo ycnoenr ynac+nnkamn mysrkanrnon
kommynnkannn, n+o o+paa+r nx n no+annn 6rno 6r nyc+on +pa+on 6ymara n npemenn.
Ho+annn ncex npemn npenarann cpec+na n qnkcannn +oro, nero mysrkan+r nnkak ne
mornn sna+r. Kak nonpknnae+ Faponr Hay.pc,

nanre cnonc+na c+nn nac+o nocnpnnnmam+c kak nen+o camo co6on
pasymemmeec n npeenax annon mysrkanrnon kynr+ypr n no+omy ne nyam+c n
no+annn n nac+o ne no+npym+c. [36]

B neko+oprx cnynax ne +onrko camre o6mne, no n camre cnennqnnnre .nemen+r
c+nn nnn nponsneenn +ma+enrno ns6eranncr n sanncn: nnora cosa+enn mysrkn
c+pemnnncr ne c+onrko nnqopmnpona+r, ckonrko ckprna+r. Y mnornx ns nnx 6rnn cnon
cekpe+r, oc+ynnre +onrko nocnmennrm nnenam nx mkonr, nnn .so+epnneckoro 6pa+c+na
(qpanko-qnamanckne kon+panynk+nc+r) nnn connanrno npnnnnernponannon rpynnr
(cekpe+r xpoma+nsmon n opnamen+anrnoro po6nenn nn+enrnoc+en n nnepnanckom mo-
<c+p. 191>
+e+e XVI neka). Ho+ann 6rna npnsnana npo6ya+r n mysrkan+ax rny6oko
nn+epnannsonannre nnc+nnk+r mysrkanrnoro noneenn, nrpa6o+annre o6ynennem n
onr+om, a ne cna6n+r nx nep+eamn c+anap+nrx .nemen+on mysrkanrnon konc+pyknnn.
Ona ne nnc+pyk+nponana, a namekana na +o, n kaknx mec+ax n n+o nmenno moe+ 6r+r
o6anneno n nponecce npenpamenn ckene+non sanncn n snynamym mysrky. Ona npenonarana
cnon+annoc+r peaknnn na nncannre ykasann, a ne nx nean+nnnoe ncnonnenne, ko+opoe ae
no npemena Pamo n Baxa cnn+anocr nenpnemnemo npecnrm n nynrrapnrm.
B +pannnonnrx n npnmn+nnnrx kynr+ypax nenen nnn nnc+pymen+annc+ ne nyae+c
n sanncn cnonx mysrkanrnrx nen. Y nero, qak+nneckn, n ne 6rno nnkaknx nen, ko+opre
nyanncr 6r n nonnomennn. Bepnrn cnoen npnpoe, on 7.-3@,-/3*, a ne ,-47.-3@,-/3*
mysrky. Ero connemennnkn noxna+rnam+ e na cnyx n, onnaen em, okasrnam+c n +om e
nonoennn, n+o n +o+, o+ koro onn e nocnpnnnn. Ennc+nennrm mrcnnmrm noo6nem
no+annn, nomoranmen nm, mornn 6r+r nenponsnonrnre ec+r mac+epa, ko+oprmn on
nonpknnan pn+m, nonrmenn n nonnenn ronoca, nanana n konnr qpas. Cner +akoro
pynmen+apno nnsyanrnoro npec+annenn mysrkn nnennn ynpannmmen pykn
(xnponomn), no neko+oprm npenonoennm, sanena+nenncr n kon+ypax nenma+nnecknx
snakon. pyrnm nsnec+nrm nc+onnnkom pannnx no+annn nocnynnn .kqone+nneckne snakn n
+ekc+ax cnpnnckon, enpenckon, apmnckon, nnsan+nnckon n kon+ckon nn+yprnn, ko+opre
ykasrnann n+eny na neo6xonmre aknen+r n moynnnn ronoca.
Henmr n .kqone+nneckne snakn 6rnn npnsnanr oxpan+r nanre cnonc+na
cnmennrx rnmnon n nponsnocnmrx +ekc+on. Onako 6n+enrno co6nmaemre npenncann ne
npen+c+nonann cno6oe n cnon+annoc+n. Hanpo+nn, nx ckyoc+r, .cknsnoc+r noompnn
nnnnna+nny, nso6pe+a+enrnoc+r n naxonnnoc+r. Oco6enno cno .+o+ c+nmynnpymmnn
.qqek+ nrc+ynae+ n 6yknennrx no+annx, nonynnnmnx mnpokoe pacnpoc+panenne na
mnpokom npoc+panc+ne o+ Fpennn o Hnnn n Kn+a,no+annx, n ko+oprx 6yknamn
o6osnanae+c +onrko nopok nrco+, oc+ann cnoco6r sanonnenn npoc+panc+na mey nnmn
nennkom na ycmo+penne mysrkan+a.
Moe+ nokasa+rc neo6rcnnmrm napaokcom +o, n+o mysrkanrnre kynr+ypr,
pacnonaranmne c+onr npnmn+nnnrmn n nenanrmn cnoco6amn coxpanenn +pannnn,
npak+nneckn ne mennncr n +enenne onrnx nepnoon npemenn. Onennno, ne mysrkanrna
nncrmennoc+r, a cama kynr+ypa rapan+nponana nx c+a6nnr-
<c+p. 192>
noc+r. Hpo+nncr nepemenam, pennnno oxpan cnmennre +pannnn n pn+yanr, kynr+ypa
nmec+e c +em noompna nnnnnyanrnym cno6oy n cnon+annoc+r ynac+nnkon pn+yana n
npnne+c+nonana nx pesynr+a+ pasnoo6pasne nponnennn ennoro. Baynenno mexannneckne,
+onno non+opmmnec enc+nn nrxonoc+nnn 6r pn+yan, nnmnnn 6r ero cmrcna nnoro
yxa, ak+nnnoro coynac+n n conepennann: nap+nnnnannn. Hmenno no.+omy npnemnemrmn
cnn+anncr +onrko +akne no+annn, ko+opre ne cnsrnann cno6oy mysrkan+a n ne yrpoann
pasnoo6pasnm.
B o+nnnne o+ 6onee nosnnx sananrx no+annn, .kqone+nneckne snakn, nenmr n
6yknr ne npenncrnann, a namekann; onn 6rnn cnoero poa ysenkamn na nam+r,
mnemonnnecknmn cpec+namn, ko+opre nanomnnann mysrkan+y o6 onpeennnrx enc+nnx na
ocnone apxe+nnnnecknx snykonrx cnmnonon nponno ycnoennon HM ponon +pannnn.
Hponecc nsmenennn n sananon mysrke n sananon no+annn 6rn cnsan c nananom
rny6oknx cnnron n o6men kynr+ypnon cn+yannn, npee ncero c xpnc+nannsannen Enponr.
Hsnec+no, n+o pannne c+nnn xpnc+nancknx rnmnon o+noc+c k nepnoy IV-VII nekon, no
nepnre manyckpnn+r n nenma+nneckon no+annn nonnnncr ne panee IX neka. o +oro
xpnc+nancka nn+yprn nesanncnmo cymec+nonana n nponne+ana n neckonrknx panonax
cenepnoro n sananoro Cpensemnomopr n o+n+nnno pasnnnaemrx c+nnx n Mnnane
(am6posnancknn), Toneo (mosapa6cknn), Cen-Fanne (rannnkancknn) n Pnme (rpnropnancknn);
nce onn cknarnanncr no cnnrnrm noc+onnrm nnnnnem cnpnnckon, enpenckon, ernne+ckon n
manpn+anckon +pannnn. Hennr, rny6oko nponnkmnec yxom cnoero mec+noro c+nn,
onennno, mornn nonara+rc na nam+r n nnc+nnk+ n ne nyanncr n nncrmennrx
nnc+pyknnx.
Bonee +oro, nonnnmnec co npemenem nenma+nneckne sanncn menonn mornn
nn+a+rc +onrko +emn, k+o ye snan .+n menonn. Hn onn ns +nnon nenma+nneckoro nncrma
o cnx nop pacmnqpona+r ne yananocr. 3+n sanncn o+noc+c n nepnym oneper k pnmckon
nn+yprnn, cnonnmenc npnmepno k cepenne IX neka, kora ka+onnnecka nepkonr
pacmnpna cnoe nnnnne n mnon Enpone, n ennrn kanon mysrkanrnon nn+yprnn
y+nepanc ny+m ncnpannenn nnn nornomenn n nr+ecnenn mec+nrx c+nnen. C
nenn+nrx nenm rpnropnanckoro nanena n nananacr .nonmnn, ko+opa npnnena n konennom
cn+e k nosnnknonennm knaccnneckon n+nnnnennon no+annn.
B +om, n+o .+o+ nponecc 6rn nrsnan nnemnnmn qak+opamn, ne nmenmnmn nnnero
o6mero c co6c+nenno mysrkanrnon neo6xonmo-
<c+p. 193>
c+rm, y6eae+ cyr6a pannnx qopm xpnc+nanckon nn+yprnn, ko+opre cnonnncr sa
npeenamn Enponr em o o6pamenn nmnepa+opa Konc+an+nna n xpnc+nanc+no n coxpannnn
cnom nesanncnmoc+r o+ Pnma. Cama monoa ns nnx apmncka nepkonr nnena n yno+pe6nenne
nenma+nneckym no+annm (+ake ne noammymc pacmnqponke) +onrko n XI neke; no+ann
cnpnnckoro nn+yprnneckoro nenn coxpannna pennee .kqone+nneckoe nncrmo; c+apenma
cpen nnx kon+cka nepkonr, no npeannm, ocnonanna n 43 roy n Kanpe camnm anoc+onom
Mapkom, o ceronmnero n o+neprae+ kakym 6r +o nn 6rno mysrkanrnym nncrmennoc+r.
Tonrko .+n +pn xpnc+nanckne nepknn cmornn yknonn+rc o+ nporpecca n coxpann+r cnon
+pannnn n nsnananrnon nnc+o+e.
C nonnennem mysrkan+on-npoqeccnonanon n y+nepennem npan mysrkn na
nesanncnmoe cymec+nonanne nosnnkna neo6xonmoc+r n 6onee conepmennrx cpec+nax
nncrmennon qnkcannn mysrkanrnrx connnennn. Onako co+nn o6pasnon necennoro
+nopnec+na +py6aypon n +pynepon, nocxomnx k XII neky, ynenenn n sanncx menonn 6es
ykasannn na nn+enrnoc+n n pn+m. Hponec+r .+n sanncn c+ano nosmono +onrko na py6ee
namero c+one+n, kora Hrep O6pn, Xan Bek n dpnpnx hmnnr npnmnn k nrnoy, n+o pn+m
.+nx menonn ne +pe6onan o6osnanennn, no+omy n+o coepanc n no.+nneckom +ekc+e n
nk+onanc coo+ne+c+nymmnm pn+mnnecknm moycom-c+onon.
C poennem n pasnn+nem kon+panynk+nnecknx c+nnen no+ann pn+ma npno6pena
kpn+nneckn nanoe snanenne. B mensypanrnon no+annn nonynann o+paenne 6eckonennre
+onkoc+n n yxnmpenn moanrnoro pn+ma, onako, .+a no+ann anana ykasann +onrko
ncnonnn+enm kaon nap+nn, yc+anannnnana o6mnn qopma+ nn+enrnoc+n ncero connnenn
nnn nac+n n ne sa6o+nnacr o cnnxponnsannn ronocon no npemenn. Bpemennre coo+nomenn
mey nap+nmn oc+ananncr rn6knmn, +ekynnmn, nsmennnnrmn; kaa nap+n npec+annna
co6on nesanncnmoe oprannneckoe nenoe. Bakc nnme+:

Ona +pe6ye+ +ma+enrnoro pacny+rnannnac+o o+ konna k nanany, npee
nem e cnmnonr mory+ 6r+r npannnrno pacmnqponanr n crpynnnponanr... Hama
no+ann ocnonana na mexannneckom cn+e: mensypanrnoe nncrmo 6rno
qynknnonanrnrm. [37]

Cneye+ o6ann+r, n+o napy c kon+panynk+nnecknmn connnennmn, sanna+nnnrmn
n pasnnnnoro nna mensypanrnon no+annn, cymec+nonana nonnqonn, peanrnoe snynanne
ko+opon nancera oc+ane+c npeme+om oraok. Discantus supra librum, contrappunto alla
mente, sortisatio +akonr neko+opre ns nasnannn nckycc+na
<c+p. 194>
kon+panynk+a, nmnponnsnpyemoro nennamn na ocnone ennc+nennon c+pokn c o6osnanennmn
nrco+, nckycc+na, nponne+anmero c IX no konen XVI nekon. Ye no npemena Fnnoma Mamo

manrnnkn-nennne n nx ynn+en npeoonenann nemrcnnmre ceron +pynoc+n;
c+pannna no+ 6rna ckene+om, ko+oprn cneonano oe+r . nno+rm n nanonnn+r kponrm
n xoe nonnqonnneckon nmnponnsannn. [38]

Onn o+kasrnanncr nocnonrsona+rc npenmymec+namn n yo6c+namn ye +ora oc+ynnrx
cpec+n no+non sanncn, oc+anacr n pycne +pannnn konnek+nnnoro cosann mysrkn, karn
pas snynamen no-nonomy, npenonarammen cnon+annoc+r n +nopnecknn pnck.
3+a npak+nka, onako, 6rna ocyena na ncnesnonenne n sa6nenne; nncrmennrn
kon+panynk+ ne +onrko coenc+nonan c+nnnc+nneckomy n +exnnneckomy pacnne+y nonnqonnn,
no n 6rn neo6xonm kak cpec+no kommynnkannn mey komnosn+opcknmn mkonamn n
komnosn+opamn, paccennrmn no ncen Enpone. B pesynr+a+e nnac+r komnosn+opa na
snykonrm npoyk+om nospac+ana, a ponr n nnnnna+nna mysrkan+on neyknonno cokpamanacr.
Mennocr camo nasnanenne no+annn: nepnonananrno npnsnanna qnkcnpona+r nennre
mysrkanrnre nmnynrcr, spna, ko+opre mysrkan+-nmnponnsa+op nrpamnnan, npenpama
n nonnokponnrn mysrkanrnrn ak+, ona c+anonnnacr cpec+nom onncann snykonrx c+pyk+yp,
sapanee npoymannrx n e+anrno o6pnconannrx komnosn+opom.
C karm nonrm yconepmenc+nonannem cokpamanncr oc+ponkn, n ko+oprx y
mysrkan+a oc+ananacr nosmonoc+r nponn+r nnnnna+nny, nso6pe+a+r, enc+nona+r
cnon+anno. Onon ns +aknx o6nac+en 6rn qnrypnponannrn 6ac, nnennrn no n+opon
nononnne XVI neka n nrmemnn ns yno+pe6nenn n cepenne XVIII neka. Ero nasnanne
nponcxon+ ne o+ cnona qnrypann, a o+ cnona qnrypr kak, no nnqaropenckon
+pannnn, nasrnanncr nnqpr. Hnqpr no nnnnen 6aca ykasrnann na nn+epnanrnrn coc+an
enaemon rapmonnn, onpeen +aknm o6pasom rapmonnneckne nocneonann n o6mnn
+onanrnrn kapkac connnenn. 3+a cnc+ema, nso6pe+nna oprannc+amn kak c+enorpaqnnecknn
cnoco6 sanncn akkopon conponoenn xoponon nonnqonnn nnn onoronocnoro ncanma, 6rna
nckope ns+a na noopyenne nennamn n nnc+pymen+annc+amn. Kak nnme+ Hon Fenpn hanr,

mysrkan+r nepnoa 6apokko... cnn+ann cno6onoe nnaenne nmnponnsnpyemrm
opnamen+om cnonm rnannrm xyoec+nennrm oc+onnc+nom... Hapy c nnc+o
nokanrnrm o6ynennem, nennr o6yna-
<c+p. 195>
nncr +onkoc+m mysrkanrnon komnosnnnn. Tonno +ak e karn mysrkan+ opkec+pa
onen 6rn yme+r n nynrn momen+ nso6pec+n cno6onrn kon+panynk+nnecknn
ronoc na ocnone annoro qnrypnponannoro 6aca. Cornacno Aroc+nno Arannapn,
an+opy nepnoro nonnoro pykonoc+na no opkec+ponomy ncnonnennm n
akkomnanemen+y (1608), mysrkan+-komnosn+op, enammnn nannynmnm o6pasom
pacnnennna+r cnon nap+nn, onen c nennnanmen ocmo+pn+enrnoc+rm n
6naropasymnem oc+epera+rc n+opennn n nap+nn pyrnx mysrkan+on nnn nx
y6nnponann... Kaomy cneye+ cnyma+r oc+anrnrx n a+r cnoen onepen
ncnonrsona+r naccan, +penn n aknen+r. Taknm o6pasom, opnamen+ann n
ykpamenne nap+nn ne 6rnn npnnnnernen nennon, no noncenenno npnmennncr ncemn
mysrkan+amn. [39]

Bax n Fenenr 6rnn nocnennmn nennknmn komnosn+opamn, ncnonrsonanmnmn
+exnnky qnrypnponannoro 6aca, n nocnennmn npec+ann+enmn nonnqonnneckon .pr. Hocne
nnx nen+p +ec+n pemn+enrno nepemec+nnc c nokanrnon mysrkn n nnc+pymen+anrnym,
rapmonn noc+opec+nonana na nonnqonnen, a npnnnnn qyrn yc+ynnn mec+o npnnnnny
cona+r. Komnosn+opr nonoro nokonenn no rnane c mannrenmnamn 6rnn n nepnym oneper
sann+epeconanr n cosannn +ema+nneckn nn+erpnponannrx qopm n n kon+pone na nx
qak+ypon, nnamnkon n +em6ponrmn cnonc+namn. dnrypnponannrn 6ac ne coo+ne+c+nonan nx
nenm; n pamkax +ma+enrno npoymannrx apxn+ek+onnnecknx c+pyk+yp ne 6rno mec+a
nmnponnsannonnon cno6oe n nenpeckasyemoc+n. Kora n 20-x roax npomnoro neka Bax 6rn
o+kpr+ sanono, neko+opre mysrkan+r em snann o nasnanennn nnqp no 6aconon nnnnen, no
nnk+o ne ymen nonrsona+rc nmn.

Mysrka, kakon mr nnnm e n manyckpnn+ax n nena+nrx nap+n+ypax XVII neka,
ae+ nam 6nenoe, npn6nnsn+enrnoe npec+annenne o +om, kak .+a mysrka snynana n
ncnonnennn nnp+yoson +oro npemenn... Mnorne nap+n+ypr coepa+ +onrko conrnym
nap+nm n nnqponannrn 6ac; oc+anrnoe, nknmna nnc+pymen+onky, oc+annnocr na
ycmo+penne nennon, nnc+pymen+annc+on n npnepa. [40]

Ennc+nennon pesepnannen, re nnp+yosr em nonrsonanncr orpannnennon
cno6oon, 6rnn kaennnn n onepnrx apnx n nnc+pymen+anrnrx konnep+ax. Ho n c+onr
+ecnrx rpannnax, nnmnnre npenen cper n kynr+ypr nmnponnsannn, kaennnn ckopo
nrponnncr n 6eccmrcnennym emonc+pannm nyc+on nnp+yosnoc+n, paspaanmym Bepn n
pyrnx komnosn+opon. Monap+ n Be+xonen nnmnnn ncnonnn+enen n .+on npnnnnernn, nsn na
ce6 nonenenn o kaennnx, cenan nx oprannneckon nac+rm nenoro, no npn .+om coxpannn
nmnponnsannonno-panconneckym manepy nsnoenn.
<c+p. 196>
3+o nonce ne 6rno nonnnkon. Ho+nponannre nmnponnsannn c XVII neka sannmann
same+noe mec+o n nm+nenon, nnpnnanrnon n oprannon nn+epa+ype no nasnannmn
kanpnnnno, +okka+, qan+asnn n npenmnn, ko+opre mornn 6r+r sanncmn enc+nn+enrnrx
nmnponnsannn nnn nx nncrmennrmn nmn+annmn. Takono e morno 6r+r nponcxoenne
napnannn, .kcnpom+on, nonnypn, napaqpas, +panckpnnnnn n nponnx connnennn n +ak
nasrnaemon cno6onon qopme, nanonnnmnx mysrky poman+nneckoro nepnoa. C+pemcr
nockpecn+r cneec+r, nmnynrcnnnoc+r nc+nnnon nmnponnsannn, komnosn+opr cna6ann
mysrkan+on e+anrnenmnmn nnc+pyknnmn, nknmna nnp+yosnre naccan. Hcnonnn+enr mor
nponn+r cnoe noxnonenne n +nopneckym nnnnnyanrnoc+r nnmr n npomey+kax mey
no+amn.
B n+ore +rcnene+nero nporpecca mysrkanrnoro srka, qopm n mysrkanrnon
nncrmennoc+n
Mnoroe n mysrke y+paneno; kora no+ann nanana rocnoc+nona+r na
mrcnn+enrnrm nponeccom mysrkan+a, n mysrke oc+anocr +onrko +o, n+o morno 6r+r
no+nponano.., cnon+annoc+r ncnesna, a komnosn+opr n mysrkan+r y+pa+nnn
cnoco6noc+r nmnponnsnpona+r. ae ceron npn po6kom nospoennn
nmnponnsannonnoe n conpemennon sananon mysrke komnosn+opr cknonnr
nso6pe+a+r cnoero poa no+annn rpaqnneckne n nnre,ko+oprm mysrkan+
onen cneona+r. Hnc+o yc+na +pannn, kak +akona, sananon mysrkon
y+epna.41
Pasnn+ne opranon ynpannenn noneennem ak+nnnoro mysrkan+ao+ monnannnrx
nenncannrx c+nnnc+nnecknx konnennnn no ny+n nakonnenn onosnannrx komnosn+opcknx n
+eope+nnecknx ykasannn mono npec+ann+r n npn6nnsn+enrnom xpononornneckom nopke
cneymmnm o6pasom:

ok. 800: Cnc+ema nocrmn nepkonnrx naon: +onr;
ok. 1100: Conrmnsannonna cnc+ema Fnno Ape+nnckoro: nn+epnanrnre qopmynr
n coo+nomenn mey ronocamn;
ok. 1250: Mensypanrna no+ann: nn+enrnoc+n no+ n pn+m;
ok. 1550: Hnc+pymen+onka: ynpannenne +em6pamn;
ok. 1600: dnrypnponannrn 6ac: ynpannenne akkoponrmn c+pyk+ypamn;
ok. 1700: C+anap+na nrco+a c+po (nnocnec+nnn mennacr);
ok. 1750: nnamnka: ynpannenne rpomkoc+rm n qak+ypon;
ok. 1800: Opnamen+ann: npenncanna kaennn n mennsma+nka.

<c+p. 197>
B 1812 roy npn6annnc em onn opran ynpannenn noneennem mysrkan+a.
Hso6pe+nnrn amc+epamcknm mac+epom Bnnkenem n npncnoennrn Menrnenem me+ponom
nrsnan y Be+xonena 6ypnrn .n+ysnasm: +enepr mono 6rno n +emnr ncnonnenn
npenncrna+r c nennnanmen +onnoc+rm! Panee komnosn+opr ykasrnann na enaemrn
xapak+ep mysrkn; qnsnnecka ckopoc+r onpeennacr nenncannrm, no o6menpnn+rm
non+nem cpenero +emna Tempo ordinario (o6rnnrn) n XVII neke n Tempo giusto
(oc+a+onnrn) n XVIII n. Tenepr e komnosn+op nonynnn ononnn+enrnym nnac+r na
ncnonnn+enem, ko+oprn, npnc+yna k pasynnnannm nap+n+ypr, n ceron o6san npee ncero
npokoncynr+npona+rc c +nkammnm mnnkom.
Hecmo+p na c+onr c+kne orpannnenn, ncnonnn+enn-poman+nkn ymypnncr
nonrsona+rc omy+nmon mepon cno6or. B o6mem cney +emnonrm ykasannm me+ponoma,
onn c noompenn n ayn+opnn, n komnosn+opon-ennomrmnennnkon mnpoko
nonrsonanncr nrpasn+enrnrmn nosmonoc+mn tempo rubato, ko+oprn +o o+c+anan o+
me+ponomnneckoro nynrca, +o onepean ero, noo6no ne+nm epena, cno6ono
packannnammnmc na ne+py, kak Eonen o6rcnn ynennkam. Hpn ncex snoyno+pe6nennx n
nopon manepnoc+n, rubato o+nenano poman+nneckomy neany cno6or.
Onako .+o+ nean nckope nrponnc. K nanany namero c+one+n nrcnnnacr nx
paspymn+enrna ponr, n komnosn+opr c+ann nsrcknna+r cpec+na nx o6ysann. Onnm ns
ny+en c+an neoknaccnnnsm. Hn+epecno, n+o n cnoen 6opr6e npo+nn ncnonnn+enrcknx
nonrnoc+en na kpynnenmnx komnosn+opa-neoknaccnka Xnne-mn+ n C+pannncknn 6rnn
ro+onr samenn+r nnannc+a mexannneckon nnanonon; C+pannncknn, n nac+noc+n, ono npem
noymrnan o6 ncnonrsonannn +akoro nnc+pymen+a n cnoen Cnae6ke.
Mexannneckne yc+ponc+na, ncnonnmmne mysrky 6es ynac+n nenoneka, c+ponnncr
nannna c XVI c+one+n; camre pannne nx nnx ynpannnn -kapnnonamn 6amennrx nacon. Hx
no+amn cnynn npamammnnc nnnnnp, ycaennrn m+nq+amn, mexannnecknn napnan+
+a6yna+ypnon no+annn, nonnnmenc npnmepno n +o e npem. 3+o+ npnnnnn, onrne
ncnonrsyemrn n nacax c mysrkon n mysrkanrnrx mka+ynkax, n cno npem npnmennc k
knannkopam, opranam n nopon necrma nkonnnnrm kom6nnannm nnc+pymen+on. Ha
npo+ennn XVII n XVIII nekon p komnosn+opon, o+ Kpn o Fanna n Monap+a connnnn
mysrky cnennanrno n +aknx yc+ponc+n. Cnom Bn+ny npn Bn++opnn Be+xonen
nepnonananrno connnnn n ckonc+pynponannoro Menrnenem mexannneckoro nanrapmonnkona,
ko+oprn 6rn npnsnan samenn+r opkec+p.
<c+p. 198>
B konne npomnoro neka me+annnnecknn 6apa6an co m+nq+amn 6rn samenn 6onee
npak+nnnon nonocon 6ymarn, ko+opa cnopannnanacr n ponnk nnn cknarnanacr rapmomkon;
mec+ononoenne n nnna npo6n+rx n nen o+nepc+nn onpeennn momen+, nrco+y n
nn+enrnoc+r kaoro snyka. Enpokoe pacnpoc+panenne nonynnnn mexannneckne qop+ennano
(nnanonr) n npnc+ankn k o6rnnrm ponm n nnannno. Bnepnre cnonre nnp+yosnre
connnenn mono 6rno ycnrma+r ne n konnep+nom sane, a n omamnnx ycnonnx.
Conepmenc+nonanne .+on +exnnkn nosnonnno qnkcnpona+r na ponnkax ncnonnenne kpynnrx
nnannc+on n cnrma+r nx nrpy y ce6 oma na co6c+nennom nnannno. P komnosn+opon, n
+om nncne Xnnemn+ n Tox, connnnn mysrky cnennanrno n mexannnecknx qop+ennano,
ncnonrsy .qqek+r, neoc+ynnre nnomy nnannc+y.
Bckope, onako, nyeca mysrkanrnon mexannkn nomepknn n nynax c+pemn+enrnoro
nporpecca .nek+ponnon +exnnkn snykosanncn, ynpannenn snykom n .nek+ponnrx nc+onnnkon
snyka. Henonek-mysrkan+, cnanana nnsnennrn o ponn nocnymnoro ncnonnn+en nonn
komnosn+opa, npenpa+nnc n +enenym qnrypy n noc+anmnka crpr n qan+ac+nneckn
morynen +exnnkn nnn n e npna+ok.
O6ospena .+o+ +rcnene+nrn nponecc c nosnnnn ananrapnsma, E+ykkenmmn+
o6rcne+:

Pann sanana mysrka cocpeo+onnnanacr na nenoneneckom ronoce. Bneennem
nnc+pymen+on 6rno osnamenonano nanano nonon .noxn. ... Mexannneckne
nosmonoc+n ynennnnnncr, nnamnnecknn n nrco+nrn nanasonr pacmnpnnncr.
3nek+ponna mysrka o6osnannna nac+ynnenne +pe+ren .pr... 3nek+ponnrn snyk ne
cosa+c "ec+ec+nennrm" ny+m, kak, nanpnmep, snyk oprana: nac+o+r .+o npoyk+
naykn... Henr mysrkn, nponsnonmon n npo6npke, erymannsann. Ona
nanpannena n c+opony o6rek+nnnoc+n. [42]

Cneymma xpononornnecka kap+a npnsnana cymmnpona+r xo .+on .nonmnnn. B
nen mono ynne+r, kak no mepe y+onnenn n conepmenc+nonann cpec+n n me+oon
no+annn *0X23F04A3X 324*.BAK3; po6nnacr 4*.BA*B.+ A->>B23A+K33 nocpec+nom
mysrkn: cokpamanacr o6nac+r cno6or kaoro ns e ynac+nnkon, ynennnnnanacr nx
cnennannsann n napac+ana nsanmna o+nynnoc+r; kak cnmanc o6rm monnannnrx, ne
+pe6ymmnx o6rcnenn o6mekynr+ypnrx Q-.>+5J2=X A-2,02K3; n kak, napannenrno c .+nm,
ns npononnka rny6nnnrx cnmnonnnecknx snanennn mysrka npenpamanacr cnepna n
camonennym c+pyk+ypy, a sa+em n n camonennoe snynanne.
<c+p. 199>

<c+p. 200>
)4*.0F+ 4 >B@=A-;
Mr npnnrknn npem o+ npemenn o+npann+rc n konnep+nrn san, +ea+p, mysen nnn
knno, n+o6r y+onn+r ay npekpacnoro, pasnnenrc nnn npoc+o ncnonnn+r cne+cknn onr.
Pemnnmncr noep+nona+r nnrmn nnena+nennmn, mr moem oc+a+rc oma n nacnan+rc
nx nrcokokanec+nennrmn cyppora+amn nocnyma+r konnep+ no pano nnn +enennennm,
noc+ann+r sanncr, nepennc+a+r anr6om xyoec+nennrx penpoyknnn.
Mr nnonne ocnonnncr c ponrm no+pe6n+en. Xyoec+nennre 6nara oc+annm+c
nam n ro+onom k yno+pe6nennm nne; mr ononrnr, nonyna onaemoe, n nnmano ne
cmymaemc cnoen non non nenpnnac+noc+rm k cosannm .+nx xyoec+nennrx cokponnm, nx
a6conm+non nensmennoc+rm n 6espasnnnnem k namemy npncy+c+nnm nnn o+cy+c+nnm.
3+a cn+yann pasenenn n onoc+oponnen oc+ankn xyoec+nennrx 6nar
no+pe6n+enm ma+epnannsonana n apxn+ek+ypnom pemennn npoc+panc+na 6onrmnnc+na
+pannnonnrx xpamon mys c nnnennon nonocon npocnennyma, o+enmmen npnnon+ym
pko ocnemennym cneny nnn .c+pay o+ sa+enennoro sana.
Hcnonnn+enrcka npak+nka, cno6ona o+ ncknx orpannnennn, o+nenae+ +onrko
sanpocam no+pe6n+en. hm6oe nponsneenne moe+ ncnonn+rc n nm6oe npem n n nm6rx
o6c+o+enrc+nax. Konnep+nre nporpammr nnannpym+c na mnoro mecnen nnepe, kak
pacnncann noeson n camon+on. Cnnmncr c .+on cpeon, +pyno nonepn+r, n+o 6ok o 6ok c
nen, a nnora n n e okpyennn cymec+nym+ kynr+ypr, n ko+oprx nenne, nrpa n +anen
nn+nmno n ne o+ennmo cnsanr c onpeennnrmn momen+amn n mec+amn. Hx kpn+epnn
nepnoro mec+a n npemenn non+n nenoc+nnmr.
3nap Xonn pacckasrnae+ o cnom nnsn+e k nnennam nnemenn ny.6no. On npn6rn k
nnm, n+o6r npncy+c+nona+r npn poec+nenckon +annenanrnon nepemonnn, no nponn n
onannn n neneennn neckonrko nacon, kora ona npyr nananacr 6es npeynpeenn.

n ny.6no co6r+n nannnam+ nponcxon+r, +onrko kora npem n nnx cospeno,
n nnkak ne panrme... Hocne mnornx ne+ noo6noro onr+a nn onn 6enrn nenonek ne
pemn+c raa+r, kora moe+ nana+rc +a nnn nna +annenanrna nepemonn. Te ns
nac, k+o nonn .+o, snam+, n+o +anen ne nannnae+c n onpeennnoe npem. On ne
cnsan nn c kaknm pacnncannem. On nannnae+c, kora neo6xonmre ycnonn ro+onr.
[43]

<c+p. 201>
Anan Meppnam nnme+ co ccrnkon na +pannnn nyx pyrnx nnemen amepnkancknx
nnennen:

Mysrka ne a6c+parnpye+c o+ cnoero kynr+ypnoro kon+ekc+a; e ne cnn+am+
o+enrnrm npeme+om, no paccma+pnnam+ kak nac+r mnoro 6onrmero nenoro.
Heo6xonmo pemn+enrno nonepkny+r secr, n+o namn kpn+epnn .c+e+nneckoro
sananoro nponcxoenn. Ecnn npnsna+r ncnxnneckym nc+annnm onnm ns
qak+opon sananoro npec+annenn o6 .c+e+nneckom, +o .+nm nnemenam
.c+e+nnecka yc+anonka nensnec+na. [44]

3+o cnpanennno no o+nomennm ko mnoec+ny kak npnmn+nnnrx, +ak n
nrcokopasnn+rx pennnx kynr+yp, c+omnx n onnosnnnn k sananon nnnnnnsannn. Hpn ncm
mnoroo6pasnn n rny6oknx pasnnnnx nx mnqonornn n neponannn, o6rnaen n connanrnrx
c+pyk+yp, ncem nm npncym komnnekc +nnonornnecknx oco6ennoc+en, ko+opre +ecno
nsanmocnsanr n, qak+nneckn, npec+annm+ ro6on pasnre rpann ennoro nenoro.
a) Bce .+n kynr+ypr nny+ n kanec+nennom nn+yn+nnnom npemenn, ko+opoe ryc+o
nacrmeno ncenosmonrmn snanennmn n onpeene+c nem yrono, +onrko ne nacamn;
konnnec+nennoe, pannonannsonannoe onepannonnoe npem na+anknnae+c secr na cnnrnoe
conpo+nnnenne, n onnaenne nm nonac cnsano c nenpeoonnmrmn +pynoc+mn;
6) Mnorne, ecnn ne nce, nnr ak+nnnoc+n n +om nncne mysrka pn+yannsonanr n
peko npec+annm+ co6on nnc+o npak+nneckym e+enrnoc+r, ne cnsannym co cnmennrmn
+pannnmn;
n) n nnenon +akoro kynr+ypnoro coo6mec+na xapak+epna nrcoka c+enenr ynac+n
no ncex o6mnnnrx nannnannx n, n nsnec+nom cmrcne, ynnnepcanrnoc+r: pasnnnn mey
mysrkan+om nennom, +annopom, xyonnkom n +. . n ayn+opnen ne cymec+nye+;
r) He cymec+nye+ n nckycc+na kak o+enrnon cqepr nenoneneckon e+enrnoc+n:
nannr ronop+: Y nac ne+ nckycc+na nc, n+o mr enaem, mr c+apaemc ena+r kak mono
nynme;
) To, n+o na Banae knannqnnnpye+c kak nponsneenne nckycc+na kak npeme+,
o6naammnn onpeennnrmn xapak+epnc+nkamn n cnonc+namn, n nnrx kynr+ypax nne+c
ak+om nocc+anonnenn nnamnneckoro pannonecn mey nenonekom n o6mnnon, o6mnnon n
nenom n cnepxnnnnrmn cnnamn n cmrcnamn, nsanmoenc+nymmnmn secr n cennac.
Takono nosmonoe, npesnrnanno o6o6mnnoe n .cknsnoe onncanne onpeennnoro
kynr+ypnoro +nna. Ono nosnone+ nne+r n kaon konkpe+non kynr+ype ne konrnomepa+
.mnnpnneckn nrnnen-
<c+p. 202>
nrx nep+, a nenoc+noc+r, onpeenemym ennrm rene+nnecknm koom,cnc+emy, nac+n
ko+opon nsomopqnr nenomy, n kaa n ckpr+om nne coepn+ nce oc+anrnre.
Tonno +ak e k cnc+emnomy nonnmannm sananon kynr+ypr mono npnn+n
paccma+pnna e n nm6on ns cymec+nenno nanrx nepcnek+nn, 6yr +o konnennn
onepannonnoro npemenn, npnnnnn pasenenn +pya, qenomen o+nyenn nnn c+a+yc
xyoec+nennoro o6rek+a.
Bsrn na nponsneenne nckycc+na kak na o6rek+, o6naammnn co6c+nennrm
nesanncnmrm cymec+nonannem, o6ocnonrnanc n o6cyanc nokonennmn .c+e+nkon. Ero
6rno npome npnn+r n non+r n cnsn c nnac+nnecknmn nckycc+namn, xo+, c+poro ronop,
o6rek+om nne+c ne kap+nna, a xonc+, nokpr+rn cnomn kpackn, ne ckynrn+ypa, a 6onee nnn
menee maccnnnrn kycok mpamopa, rnnnr, epena nnn rnnca. Tem ne menee .+o+ nsrn
pacnpoc+pannnc na mysrky, +anen n pyrne opqnneckne nnn nnre nckycc+na n peko
noneprae+c comnennm.

Mr ronopnm o kycke semnn, kycke +kann, kycke (piece) mysrkn. 3+o npoc+onoka
mr ne saymrnaemc. Ho kak +onrko mr cenann .+o+ comnn+enrnrn mar, mr
nannnaem n +pe+rem cnynae ncnr+rna+r nerkym nenonkoc+r. Mr nync+nyem, n+o
kyckom moe+ 6r+r nen+o, cymec+nymmee n nm6on momen+ noo6no kyckam
+kann nnn semnn... H+o-+o n nac nyae+c n .+om napaokcanrnom omymennn
nponecca kak nemn. Ec+r neknn me+aqnsnnecknn komqop+ n cnsrnannn
o6rek+nnnoc+n c nano oc+ynnon qnkcnponannoc+rm. [45]

Tak nnn nnane, n sananoro nenoneka mysrka .+o orpomnoe co6panne o+enrnrx
o6rek+on, ko+opre nano xpan+c n nap+n+ypax, rpammoqonnrx sanncx n marnn+nrx
nnnkax, n npn enannn mory+ 6r+r npo6yenr o+ onroro cna, kak Cnma kpacannna. 3+n
o6rek+r +ma+enrno pasnnnam+c: karn cna6n nacnop+om, n ko+opom ykasanr ero
co6c+nennoe nanmenonanne, nm komnosn+opa, onyc n +onanrnoc+r. Hepeko connnenne
cymec+nye+ n pasnrx peaknnx nnn nepcnx, kaon ns ko+oprx n cnom oneper
npncnannae+c c+a+yc o+enrnoro o6rek+a. Mono npenonn+a+r g-+oH'nym cnmqonnm
Monap+a c knapne+amn nnn 6es nnx, cmn+y C+pannnckoro He+pymka n opnrnnanrnon nnn n
nosnenmen nepcnn, cpannnna+r kamepnrn n opkec+ponrn napnan-
<c+p. 203>
+r mn6epronckon Honn npocne+nenn, nr6npa+r mey Kap+nnkamn c nrc+ankn
Mycoprckoro n qop+ennannom opnrnnane n n opkec+ponom nepenoennn Panen n +.. Kaoe
connnenne, kaa ero peaknn nnn nepcn, ecnn +akonre nmem+c, oxpanm+c sakonom o6
an+opcknx npanax, ko+oprn n 1790 roy 6rn npnn+ n CIIIA, a nocne .+oro n n oc+anrnrx
c+panax Banaa.
Konnennn xyoec+nennoro o6rek+a ne npoyk+ nonoro ymosaknmnenn, no
o+paenne peanrnrx ycnonnn xyoec+nennon kommynnkannn n conpemennom mnpe.
Bakonnennoe komnosn+opom connnenne nrxon+ ns-no ero kon+pon. Em ne ncnonnennoe,
ono + cnoen onepen. Hpnxon+ npem, n ono 6yknanrno npynae+c ncnonnn+enm, kak nemr.
Hepno onann nnora nsmepe+c ec+nne+nmn, a mec+a ero cosann n ncnonnenn
mory+ naxon+rc na pasnrx kon+nnen+ax. Hepeko c+onr e snann+enrnr nc+annnn mey
kynr+ypnrm onr+om an+opa mysrkn n e ncnonnn+enen. | nn ns nnx, 6naroronemmne nepe
samrcnom komnosn+opa, nr+am+c nocnonnn+r .+o+ npo6en nsynennem 6norpaqnn
komnosn+opa n o6c+o+enrc+n cosann nrecr, ero .noxn, cper n kynr+ypr. pyrne, 6onrme
nenmne co6c+nennym +nopneckym nnnnnyanrnoc+r, nonrsym+c mysrkon kak npenorom
n e peannsannn. Tpe-nn nornomenr ennc+nennon saanen nrnnenn nsymn+enrnon
+ykonon apxn+ek+ypr, cosannon komnosn+opom. Kak npannno, nce onn anekn o+ +on
nsnennon peanrnoc+n, ns ko+opon ponnacr ncnonnema nmn mysrka.
Hcnonnn+enn mnoro pasresam+, n nx penep+yap coc+anne+ camym nennym nac+r nx
6araa. B nc+onkonannx, nnmnnrx peanrnrx kopnen, mysrka npec+anne+c ayn+opnm,
ko+opre cnonmn nkycamn, mrcnn+enrnrmn nanrkamn n kpn+epnmn nac+o +ak e o+nnnam+c
o+ ncnonnn+en, kak ncnonnn+enr o+ komnosn+opa. Ha conpemennon kocmononn+nneckon
cnene, n nannnonckom cmemennn srkon, kynr+yp n +pannnn, c+pyk+ypa n coepanne
mysrkanrnon kommynnkannn kapnnanrnrm o6pasom nsmennnncr.
Hpnnac+noc+r k konnek+nnnon peanrnoc+n neponannn n +pannnn yc+ynnna mec+o
camonenrnomy .c+e+nneckomy nacnaennm; nap+nnnnann n mysrkanrnom ak+e samenena
onoc+oponnen nepeanen; nekora enc+nonanma kak cnepxnnnnrn o6rennmmnn cnmnon,
mysrka c+ana sepkanom, nosnpamammnm cnyma+enm o6pas ero nnnnnyanrnoro nnn
konnek+nnnoro .ro.
Yckopnmac na npo+ennn nocnennx cemn nnn nocrmn nekon nqqepennnann
c+nnen, nannonanrnrx mkon, pernonanrnrx nnom n nnnnrx manep cenana sananym mysrky
6ecnpeneen+no
<c+p. 204>
pasnoo6pasnon n cnonon. B +o e npem mysrka y+pa+nna 6esycnonnoc+r rny6okon,
nsnenno nanon nennoc+n mnqa, nepec+ana cnyn+r cnnon, +nopmen peanrnoc+r, n ennon
yxonnon cpeon.
Anpn Hyccep nonr+anc o6rcnn+r .+o+ nponecc kak nanek+nneckym .nonmnnm
nyx konnennnn, nac+o nc+ynanmnx n na+ny+re o+nomenn na ncm npo+ennn .noxn
rymannsma:

C onon c+oponr, .+o ne nonnoc+rm npeonpeenennoro mnpa, ko+opa
noepnnanacr nocneona+enmn Apnc+o+en n cnynna ocnonon cpenenekonon
+eonornn n +eokpa+nn. C pyron c+oponr, .+o ne qynamen+anrnoc+n nnnnon
cno6or, ko+opa npenonarae+c xpnc+nanc+nom, no na npo+ennn ncero nepnoa
qeoannsma oc+ananacr n sana+onnom coc+onnn. Hepna nosmonoc+r n pasnn+n
.+on nen nosnnkna n nepno poc+a ropocknx kommyn n XIII neke. Bnanane ona ne
o6naana pankanrnoc+rm a6conm+noro cy6rek+nnnsma.+o nponsomno nose, no
6rna y+nepennem n samn+on mnoec+na nnnnnyymon o+ nc 6onee koc+enenmen
nepapxnn. 3+o+ .+an namn cno nrpaenne (n cqepy onr+a) n npnmn+nnnon
nonnqonnn, ko+opa n nsnec+nom cmrcne nc+ynana n konqnnk+ c moanrnon
romoqonnen c e neanom nokopnoro nonnnenn. anee, mr snaem, n+o nannna c XV
neka c+pemnenne nnnnnyanrnrx ronocon k an+onomnn nonaano no nc 6onee
cyponrn kon+ponr pesynr+npymmen rapmonnn. Taknm o6pasom, konnennn
nnmpannc+nneckoro nepconannsma nepepocna n npec+annenne a6conm+noro .ro,
ko+opoe nonynnno nan6onee +onnym peannsannm n .konomnneckom nn6epannsme n
npocnemennon monapxnn... Takon 6rn nek op+ookcanrnon +onanrnoc+n... B ycnonnx
poman+nneckoro cy6rek+nnnsma nnnnnyym 6onee ne nn6pnpye+ n ynncon c +on
ncenennon, na ko+opon on o6pn nonnym nnac+r; on nc cnnrnee nync+nye+ ce6
sa6pomennrm n nyrn mnp. 3+o omymenne npmo ne+ k Cymepkam 6oron (+o ec+r,
k nonnon y+pa+e nepr n nosmonoc+r kakon-nn6o rapmonnn). Hoc+poman+nnecknn
.kcnpeccnonnsm, no 6onrmen nac+n nonynnnmnn nrpaenne n mysrke, ronopn+ ye
ne o ma+ammenc ncenennon, a o mnpe n coc+onnn nennoro xaoca. [46]

3+o ona ns mnornx connonornnecknx nn+epnpe+annn nc+opnko-kynr+ypnoro
nponecca, nonr+ok yc+anonn+r cnsr mey cmenamn o6mec+nennrx c+pyk+yp n neonornn
n cmenamn xyoec+nennrx c+nnen. Takne nonr+kn nac+o o+menenr kpannen ynpomnnoc+rm
n nnora sacnyenno nmenym+c nynrrapnrmn. C+nnn n nckycc+ne ne nnm+c nn
o+paennem, nn nopoennem o6mec+nennrx c+pyk+yp n nnc+n+y+on; n n +ex, n n pyrnx
npannnrnee nne+r cnennqnnnre napannenrnre nponnenn nepemen, npe+epnenaemrx
kynr+ypon n nenom, nac+nre acnek+r ennon oprannsmnneckon cnc+emr, npoxomen nepes
pasnnnnre coc+onn n nponecce e aan+annn k menmmenc cpee.
<c+p. 205>
nnamnka .nonmnnn sananon nnnnnnsannn (nc+opnneckon, n o+nnnne o+
an+pononornneckon, no onpeenennm Bep+ananqn) coo6mnna en nep+r
knasn6nonornneckoro nponecca. Hoo6no nnomy oprannsmy, ona pasnnnanacr no ny+n
nocneona+enrnon nqqepennnannn n cnennannsannn, ynennnenn pasnoo6pasn n cnonoc+n
nnn, ronop konkpe+nee, n nanpannennn nporpeccnnnoro pasenenn +pya, mexannsmon
ynpannenn n ponen.
Ynnkanrnoc+r mysrkanrnrx cnc+em saknmnae+c n +om, n+o onn nosnonm+
na6nma+r .+o+ nponecc n ero nan6onee a6c+pak+nrx n nmec+e c +em nan6onee onennnrx
nponnennx. Hpocnenna cmenr nc+opnnecknx c+nnen, mr nnnm, kak ns +ekynnx
menonnecknx nnnnn, neo+ennmrx o+ cnonecnoro +ekc+a, kpnc+annnsonanncr nckpe+nre
+ona, a sa+em nn+epnanr; kak onoronocne cmennocr nyx-, +px- n mnororonocnem; kak no
nc 6onee c+pornm kon+ponem kon+panynk+nneckon c+pyk+ypr cokpamanacr c+enenr
nesanncnmoc+n ronocon, noka, nakonen, onn ne nonann no nnac+r rapmonnn; kak npee
cno6ona akkopnka nonnnnacr rapmonnneckon nornke, menonnecknm nem o+nonnncr
onpeennnre ponn nny+pn qopmr, npoc+re qopmr paspac+anncr, nopoa nc 6onee
cnonre n macm+a6nre, nomanncr rpannnr +onanrnoc+n, conrnre ronoca n nnc+pymen+r
o6rennnncr n ancam6nn, c+anonnnncr nc menee same+nrmn ynac+nnkamn opkec+ponrx n
xoponrx monymen+on n +ak anee.
Coxpan+r rapmonnm n .+on pas6erammenc ncenennon, cosana+r c+ponnrn n
nornnnrn mysrkanrnrn kocmoc ns mnonnmnxc a+omon c+anonnnocr nc 6onee cnonon
saanen. Ba6pomennoc+r n nyrn mnp, noc+onnoe omymenne xaoca, o ko+oprx nnme+
Hyccep, .+o .monnonanrna me+aqopa npeenrnon nqqepennnannn, qparmen+annn n
pasennnoc+n, npn ko+opon nac+n 6onee ne consmepnmr c nenrm, nx oprannnecka cnsr n
nsanmosanncnmoc+r samenenr cnonon nnemnen cnc+emon ynpannenn, ynac+nnk +epe+ ns
nny nenoe, a ynac+ne cneeno k nrnonnennm ysko cnennqnnnrx nnc+pyknnn.
Coc+onne, ko+opoe connonorn onpeenm+ kak o+nyenne, enepconannsannm,
erymannsannm, xapak+epnsye+ conpemennym mysrkanrnym kynr+ypy. Ponr nen+panrnon
qnrypr n ak+e mysrkanrnon kommynnkannn orpannnena ero oqnnnanrnrm c+a+ycom
ncnonnn+en. Ecnn .+o connc+, +o on xo+ 6r npec+anne+ cnyma+enm nrecy n nenom.
Onako ropaso name on nxon+ n rpynny ncnonnn+enen, coc+omym ns nyx, +px, nana+n
nnn c+a nenonek. Y kaoro ns nnx cno nap+n, coc+oma ns menonnecknx qparmen+on,
qnrypannn, pn+mnnecknx qopmyn nnn o+enrnrx no+.
<c+p. 206>
C .+nmn o6prnkamn nynx mysrkanrnrx mrcnen nepe rnasamn, saa+rn mey
nonmn komnosn+opa, nrpaennon n no+nom +ekc+e, n npnpa, on nnmn ae +on
orpannnennon nosmonoc+n nponn+r cnom ap+nc+nneckym nnnnnyanrnoc+r, kakon
o6naae+ connc+. Ero nkna n ncnonnemym mysrky em 6onee enepconannsnpye+c n
nens6enrx ynnconax n ynoennx, n ko+oprx c+npae+c nnnnnyanrnoc+r ero ronoca nnn
nnc+pymen+a. Ec+r roprka nponn n +om, n+o nnnnnnsann, y+nepanmac na neanax
nnnnnyannsma n nnnnon cno6or, o +akon c+enenn npeycnena n o6esnnnnnannn mysrkan+a.
Onn ns .nnsoon okymen+anrnoro qnnrma Bennknn Canmo c omenomnmmen
penreqnoc+rm nrnne+ kon+pac+ mey nym cnc+emamn mysrkanrnoro noneenn. B nm
sanena+neno conmec+noe nrc+ynnenne asonon rpynnr hyn Apmc+ponra c cnmqonnnecknm
opkec+pom no ynpannennem heonapa Bepnc+anna. Hepeonanne .+nx nyx konnek+nnon
nepenocn+ spn+en nonepemenno +o n mnp cno6or, nos6ynnoc+n, nonnokponnon
cnon+annoc+n, +o n mnp ncnnnnnnr, kon+pon n ennoo6pasn konnen+pnpym+ ero
nnnmanne +o na saxna+rnammem, nenpeckasyemom 7.-K0440 cosann mysrkn pko
nnnnnyanrnrmn nnnnoc+mn, +o na snykonom 7.-/BA*0, +ma+enrno sannannponannom
komnosn+opom n nponsnonmom konnek+nnnrmn ycnnnmn no kon+ponem npnpa. Hepnre
nrpam+; n+opre +py+c.
Ba peknm ncknmnennem, nponsnoc+no n +exnonornneckn pasnn+rx o6mec+nax
oprannsye+c no npnnnnny snenren nenn. Ono nannnae+c c an+opa npoek+a, npenpamaemoro
pyrnmn nmrmn n npoyk+, ko+oprn +pe+rn oc+annm+ +oprymmnm oprannsannm, a
ne+np+re npoam+ no+pe6n+enm. 3+o+ npoyk+ moe+ 6r+r ma+epnanrnrm npeme+om nnn
kynr+ypnon nennoc+rm nonrm an+omo6nnem nnn knnoqnnrmom, apxn+ek+ypnrm
coopyennem nnn cnmqonnen: cxema nponsnoc+na oc+a+c n npnnnnne +on e.
Hrpa n opkec+pe, n cymnoc+n, mano nem o+nnnae+c o+ pa6o+r y c6oponnoro
konnenepa: n o6onx cnynax pa6o+nnk nponsnon+ sapanee o6ycnonnennre onepannn, nnoc
cnon ne6onrmon nkna n cosanne sannannponannoro npoyk+a. Mysrkan+ +ak e o+nyn o+
ncnonnemon nm mysrkn, kak pa6onnn o+ npoyknnn cnoero npenpn+n. Becr ne+ mec+a
nenoc+non nnnnoc+n n pasnoc+oponnoc+n nn mysrkan+a-nmnponnsa+opa, nn pemecnennnka-
ymenrna, ko+oprn cam saymrnae+ n co6c+nennrmn pykamn cosa+ ynnkanrnre nemn o+
nanana o konna.
hnnnn nponsnoc+na ma+epnanrnrx n kynr+ypnrx 6nar ney+ n
<c+p. 207>
cqepy no+pe6nenn. Bananrn no+pe6n+enr .ronen+pnnen, nepe6opnnn, nenpeckasyem n
nnep+en. Heo6xonmo noc+onno onnaena+r ero nnnmannem, pasnra+r anne+n+, co6nasn+r
nonon moon. B conepnnnec+ne sa ero 6narocknonnoc+r nponsnon+enm noc+onno npnxon+c
nsmrmn+r nen+o ne6rnanoe.
B cnc+eme macconoro nponsnoc+na n macconoro no+pe6nenn xapak+ep npoyk+a ne
nrpae+ oco6on ponn. He ynnn+enrno, n+o +akne cnona, kak 6nsnec, prnok,
npomrmnennoc+r, peknama, cnpoc n npn6rnr, nponno nomnn n nekcnkon pa6o+nnkon
xyoec+nennrx npoqeccnn: onn o+paam+ 6nnskoe noo6ne, nsomopqnsm yc+anonok n
moenen noneenn n o6nac+n xyoec+nennoro +nopnec+na n n o6mec+ne n nenom.
?B2*
Cneymma npoc+panna nn+a+a nomoe+ nam pesmmnpona+r panee ckasannoe n .+on
rnane. 3pnc+ depan nnme+ o cyr6e nckycc+na nmnponnsannn n sananon mysrke:

Cnon+annoe nso6pe+enne n oqopmnenne mysrkn n xoe ee ncnonnenn c+apr, kak
cama mysrka... Hcknmnn+enrno nnn npenmymec+nenno nmnponnsannonna npnpoa
pennen mysrkanrnon npak+nkn 6rna pesynr+a+om +oro o6c+o+enrc+na, n+o c+poroe
pasenenne na +nopmnx mysrkan+on (komnosn+opon), mysrkan+on-ncnonnn+enen n
naccnnnrx cnyma+enen pasenenne, npnnnmaemoe kak onnoe n namen
conpemennon sananon mysrkanrnon nsnn, 6rno nensnec+no na pannnx .+anax
nc+opnn mysrkn. Tnopnom n ncnonnn+enem menonn o6rnno 6rn onn n +o+ e
nenonek; nac+o nm e orpannnnnanacr ero ayn+opn... Hcnonnenne osnanano ne
c+onrko npec+annenne, ckonrko cosanne nonoro. Hmnponnsann n komnosnnn 6rnn
nepasnnnnmr. Hose .+n na poa e+enrnoc+n neko+opoe npem cocymec+nonann
mnpno n na pannrx npanax, noka c nso6pe+ennem no+annn aknen+ ne nepemec+nnc na
komnosnnnn, saqnkcnponannre c makcnmanrnon onpeennnoc+rm n +onnoc+rm.
Ho ae kora n pesynr+a+e mnoec+na .kcnepnmen+on na Banae no+ann
oc+nrna nan6onrmen cnoc+n n onpeennnoc+n, +ra k nenocpec+nennomy
mysrkanrnomy nrpaennm... ne yracna; ona nponnnacr n pasnre npemena n pasnrx
mec+ax n n mnoroo6pasnn qopm. Hmnponnsann ne ncnesana ae n nepnor camoro
c+pororo pasenenn +nopnec+na (komnosnnnn) n npe+nopenn (ncnonnenn) n
npo6nnae+c ae n ceronmnen mysrkanrnon nsnn, kora pannonannsnpymmne n
mexannsnpymmne +enennnn, kak moe+ nokasa+rc, oepann nonnym no6ey. [47]
<c+p. 208>
Xnn n okpyennn +rcn mysrkanrnrx connnennn, oc+ynnrx kak n nnom, +ak n n
mexannneckom ncnonnennn, nerko npnn+r nmnponnsannm sa pennk+ nrmepmen c+apon
+pannnn, ko+opomy cyeno nckope okonna+enrno ncnesny+r, kak ocneammee nosnpamenne
n e+c+no nrpnnoe, manonnnnoe, kanpnsnoe, no nokon+ponrnoe, a no+omy 6esnpenoe.
Tpynee non+r, n+o n nmnponnsannn nonynam+ nrxo c+nxnnnre nsnennre nmnynrcr,
ko+opre ocno6oam+ nenoneneckoe noneenne o+ npeckasyemon mamnnoo6pasnoc+n,
nocc+anannnnam+ nenrnoc+r nenoneka, nno+ n enc+nne ncm nonno+y ero nsnennon .neprnn.
B mnpokom cmrcne, mono y+nepa+r, n+o nsnenna cnna n nonno+a +nopnmon nm mysrkn
onpeene+c +em, nackonrko nonno on cnnnae+c c ynnkanrnon, nenon+opnmon
conokynnoc+rm ycnonnn annoro momen+a.
Ho no mepe +oro, kak nnam cnon+annon camopeannsannn nepes mysrky noc+enenno
npenpamanocr n sanopannammne kpnc+annr +ma+enrno npoymannrx komnosnnnn, ponr
mysrkan+a nc 6onee orpannnnnanacr pac+ymnmn +exnnnecknmn npenncannmn. He nonyna
cno6onoro nrxoa, noannemre +nopneckne nmnynrcr cosanann pac+ymee nny+pennee
nanpenne, n +e +onkn, n ko+oprx ono npoprnae+c ceron na nonepxnoc+r, mory+ nn6o
nocnyn+r npeoxpann+enrnrmn knananamn, nn6o okasa+rc +pemnnamn n nno+nne,
npenemammnmn ka+ac+poqy, no+omy n+o na kap+y noc+anneno ne npoc+o 6yymee nckycc+na,
no nenrnoc+r camoro nenoneka. Kak nokasrnae+ nsnr, nmnponnsann moe+ o6opannna+rc
npnc+ynamn macconoro 6ync+na n nacnnn.
Hpnmena+enrno, n+o n XX neke nmnponnsann nepnynacr n nne amepnkanckoro asa
kak pas, kora n Enpone nckycc+na o6pamanncr k npnmn+nnnomy, nppannonanrnomy,
napnapckomy n kanyn Hepnon mnponon nonnr, nenosnpa+nmo nepemennnmen mnp n nsnr
ncero nenonenec+na.

C nonnsnon asa non+n cpannnacr nonnsna +px camrx nanrx enponencknx
mysrkanrnrx c+nnen nocne e6mccn: c+nnen En6epra, Bap+oka n C+pannnckoro...
Kon+pac+ 6rn nopasn+enrno nnesannrm. Bce ne+rpe c+nn nosnnknn nesanncnmo n
ononpemenno nenocpec+nenno nepe Hepnon mnponon nonnon. 1911 ro cosann
6ap+okonckoro Allegro Barbaro, He+pymkn C+pannnckoro n nepnoro nrc+ynnenn
nrm-opneanckoro asa n Hrm-Hopke; hynnrn Hrepo En6epra 6rn connnn n
ncnonnen n 1912 roy, n +ora e 6rnn nnepnre ony6nnkonanr 6nmsr. C+onr peska
xpononornnecka rpanr, ne cnn+ammac c reorpaqnnecknmn n connanrnrmn
ycnonnmn, pekoc+r n nc+opnn mysrkn. [48]
<c+p. 209>
Em 6onee npnmena+enrno, n+o 6yn+ npo+nn nnepnnn npomnoro 6rn n snann+enrnon
c+enenn cnpononnponan o+kpr+nem nnrx +pannnn: 6ankancka n 6nnnenoc+onna napona
necn c+ana n Bap+oka, a mysrkanrno-no.+nneckoe nacnene cnann n C+pannnckoro +em
e, nem ne+nep+rm neka panee nnonesnncknn ramenan 6rn n e6mccn, noncka
nepcnek+nna n noc+nmnpeccnonnc+on, a aqpnkancka ckynrn+ypa n Hnkacco. Hoo6nrm
e o6pasom, as nrpoc ns sananoaqpnkancknx kopnen, nepecaennrx na amepnkanckym
nonny. On ne 6rn nso6pe+ennem, ko+opoe mono 6rno 6r npnnnca+r onpeennnomy
mysrkan+y, no c+nnem, no camon cnoen cy+n ncknmnammnm +akoe onpeenenne, c+nnem
nmnponnsnpyemon mysrkn.
Hoo6no nmnponnsannonnrm c+nnm npomnoro, as ne snae+ nncrmennoc+n n, n
nsnec+nom cmrcne, ne +pe6ye+ rpamo+noc+n: c+onknynmncr n pa6o+e na Hpnrm
konnep+om c mysrkan+amn as-6ana Byn Fepmana, C+pannncknn 6rn onnakono nopan
nx mac+epc+nom nnaenn nnc+pymen+amn n necnoco6noc+rm conrqenpona+r. asonre
connnenn, nnora qnkcnpyemre na 6ymare, ne 6onee yo6onn+aemr, nem nenma+nnecka
no+ann.

Bocnponsnec+n kapkac n ero npoc+enmen qopme nnn crrpa+r menonm,
sanna+nnnym na 6ymare, .+o ne as; +oro, n+o asonre mysrkan+r sanncrnam+,
neoc+a+onno, n+o6r ae camrn onr+nrn ns nnx mor noccosa+r mysrky cnoero
co6pa+a, ecnn on ne cnrman cnepna .+y mysrky n snynannn. Ecnn 6r onn saxo+enn
y+onnn+r .+y no+annm, cnonre pn+mr 6rno 6r nenosmono nponec+r, n
pacmnqpona+r nx 6rno 6r em +pynee, nem sannca+r... as noepnnae+c n
cnom cnennqnneckom cymec+nonannn n cpee mysrkan+on, naxomnxc n +ecnom
nnnnom kon+ak+e pyr c pyrom. [49]

nnamnnnre nsanmoenc+nn, nnon kon+ak+ o+nmr ne orpannnenr noneennem
nrpammnx. as .+o cqepa mysrkanrnoro nrsona n o+knnka, ec+on n nnennn. Hennoc+r
.+on mysrkn ne n nrpaennn nen, o6pason nnn mrcnn+enrnrx nponeccon, n menee ncero ona
npenasnanae+c n cosepnann. Ona ocnonana na nap+nnnnannn n noompe+ e. E nc+nnnrn
cmrcn yckonrsae+ o+ naccnnnoro o+c+pannnoro cnyma+en, no ona okasrnae+c 6ora+rm,
npnnocmnm rny6okoe yonne+nopenne onr+om n +ex, k+o ne o+ene+ ce6 o+
pasnp+rnammenc nmnponnsannn n cnoco6en pearnpona+r na e nepnne+nn ncem cnonm
cymec+nom cnon+anno, packpenomnno, ne pasymrna, onr+om nenrnoro
ncnxoqnsnneckoro 6r+n n ennc+ne c no+okom nsnn n npemenn, cno6onrm,
nenpeckasyemrm n nenon+opnmrm.
<c+p. 210>
Kpomennre oc+ponkn c mnkpoknnma+om nepno6r+noro nnemenn, n ko+oprx nosnnk n
pacnnn pannnn as, okasanncr cnnmkom xpynknmn n necnoco6nrmn yc+o+r npo+nn
annenn co c+oponr okpyammen connanrnon cper. as nan ep+non co6c+nennoro
orpomnoro ycnexa; 6yn+ 6rn y+nnnsnponan npomrmnennoc+rm pasnnenennn n
snykosanncrnammen nnyc+pnen. Bnnnne asonrx o6opo+on n npnmon kak na .c+panym,
+ak n na ceprsnym mysrky +pyno nepeonenn+r, nennkne asonre mysrkan+r
c+anonnnncr kymnpamn nenrx nokonennn, nx c+nnm nopaam+, nm nocnmam+ naynnre
nccneonann. Ho nepnonananrna cnon+annoc+r y+panena. Tenepr as cmakye+c
.nn+apnrmn rpynnamn n o6pasnonrx no kanec+ny sanncx ropaso name, nem n nnom
snynannn, n nn+epec k .+omy nckycc+ny n nenom npno6pen noc+anrrnneckym okpacky. Ero
.neprn ynenena nnmr n x.nnennnrax n oepnmoc+n mnrx noknonnnkon non-mysrkn.
Ornrnacr, mono pasnnnn+r npnnnny o6pennnoc+n asa. Kopnn ero
nmnponnsannonnon kynr+ypr naxo+c ne rny6e +pannnonnrx n enponenckon mysrkn
akkoponrx nocneona+enrnoc+en +nna I-IV-I-V-I n o6prnkon nonynpnrx mo+nnon, n+o n
mysrkan+on asa n ec+r 7J04+. Takon ma+epnan cosa+ neo6xonmre ycnonn n
nmnponnsannonnon .cno6or mysrkanrnoro noneenn, no, n o+nnnne o+ para nnn makoma, on
nnmen snanenn n morymec+na cnmnona; ae n camrx saxnanennrx ynac+nnkon
nap+nnnnann ne c+anonn+c nsnenno nanrm ak+om noccoennenn, nocc+anonnenn
pannonecn c okpyammen cpeon, mnpom, npnpoon n nnennnnrmn cnnamn, ynpannmmnmn
nsnrm. Camosa6nennoe norpyenne cnyma+en n xopomym asonym nmnponnsannm +onrko
nonpknnae+ ero o6mym cn+yannm o+nynnoc+n.

Bonrmnnc+no nmen ne o6naae+ o6rmom cosnann, oc+a+onnrm, n+o6r o+a+r
ce6e o+n+ n npo+nnonononoc+x, npncymnx nenoneneckon npnpoe. Cosanaemre
nmn nanpenn oc+am+c no 6onrmen nac+n 6eccosna+enrnrmn... Ceprsna
onacnoc+r, kopenmac n 6eccosna+enrnom, coc+on+ n +om, n+o ono nerko noa+c
nnymennm Henpeprnno pacmnpmmnnc pasprn mey cosnannem n
6eccosna+enrnrm ynennnnnae+ onacnoc+r ncnxnneckon nnqeknnn. Y+pa+a
cnmnonnnecknx nen osnanae+ paspymenne moc+on k 6eccosna+enrnomy. Hnc+nnk+
6onee ne samnmae+ nac o+ nesoponrx nen n nyc+rx nosynron. Pannonanrnoc+r 6es
+pannnn n noepkn nnc+nnk+a 6eccnnrna npo+nn a6cypa. [50]

as 6rn ne ennc+nennrm nrsonom nnn+enrnomy n mononn+nomy mysrkanrnomy
nc+e6nnmmen+y. Ckopee on npec+annn co6on nac+r mnoro 6onee mnpokon +enennnn
nonr+ok nepny+rc k
<c+p. 211>
nonnmannm mysrkn kak nponecca, a ne kak nemn, ne sanncmen o+ cper, nnonr cena+r e
nonem enc+nn, a ne na6nmenn, coynac+n, a ne no+pe6nenn nnn mannnynnponann,
cnonom, +enennnn k ocno6oennm mysrkn n npn nocpec+ne mysrkn. Hapns Anns nrpasnn
.+o c+pemnenne n cneymmnx cnonax:

Tkanr cymec+nonann cnne+ae+c n ennoe nenoe. Br ne moe+e, sannnyn
nckycc+no n yron, nae+rc, n+o ono 6ye+ nsnennrm, peanrnrm n snannmrm. He
moe+ 6r+r nnkakon 34A5YF3*05J2-4*3 n coepa+enrnom nckycc+ne. Ono
poae+c nenocpec+nenno ns cepnennnr onr+a nsnn, pasmrmnennn o nsnn n e
nponnann. [51]

Brnycknnk pecnek+a6enrnoro Henrckoro ynnnepcn+e+a, Anns emonc+pa+nnno
o+6pocnn akaemnneckne +pannnn, con+ nx nyc+rmn npepaccykamn. O+nmr ne 6yynn
nkono6opnem, on nr+anc cnocn+r nckycc+nennre 6aprepr, o+ennnmne mysrky o+ nsnn,
nepekpannan n noman samkny+re knaccnneckne qopmr, narpomoan nponsnonrnre, na
nepnrn nsrn, cnon snynannn, nrpan c+nnnc+nnecknmn napaokcamn, cney npnxo+nnnon
nepee nnena+nennn, o6pason, acconnannn n nnc+nnk+nnnrx nmnynrcon. Ero .kcnepnmen+r c
nonn+onanrnoc+rm, nonnpn+mamn, nonnrapmonnen, mnkpo+ononon nn+epnannkon no npemenn
onepennn ananornnnre onr+r n Enpone. On ne pasnnnan +eope+nneckne npenocrnkn
mysrkanrnoro srka n qopmr, a npoc+o y6npan npen+c+nn c ny+n snynannn, nnymaemrx ero
oc+pon na6nma+enrnoc+rm n nenpey6ennrm cnyxom.
Pasnma xna+ky nansrnaemrx +pannnen qopmanrnrx konc+pyknnn, on
ononpemenno pasmrnan co6c+nennre qopmr nsny+pn. On noompe+ ncnonnn+enen na
mysrkanrnoe nso6pe+a+enrc+no, npenara nm npnnnma+r co6c+nennre pemenn, ana+r nonm
cnonm +nopnecknm nmnynrcam n onpeennnrx pasenax nrecr, namepenno nsnoennrx n
nap+n+ype .cknsno; +akonr pasenr ad libitum n ero He+np+on cnmqonnn, re
nnc+pymen+annc+am npeoc+anne+c nosmonoc+r nmnponnsnpona+r, nnn ceknnn n nac+n
3mepcon Cona+r Konkop, o ko+oprx on nnme+:

Temn +onno ne yc+anonnen n ne onen 6r+r c+a+nnnrm: o6rnno on mene+c c
nac+poennem n, +onno +ak e, kak y 3mepcona... n y nnannc+a... Ono n +o e .cce
nnn c+nxo+nopenne 3mepcona moe+ nrsna+r cnerka nnoe nync+no, kora ono
nn+ae+c ne na saka+e, a npn nocxoe connna. [52]

<c+p. 212>

Bnponem, .+n noompemre nonrnoc+n onyckam+c n no+nponannon pame
connnenn, npenasnanennoro n mnorokpa+nrx ncnonnennn n konnep+nrx ycnonnx, n
cno6oa, npeoc+annema secr mysrkan+am, ne 6onrma, nem y co6akn, nporynnnaemon na
nnnnom nonoke.
B cepenne 40-x roon pankanrnoe paspemenne npo6nemr cno6or 6rno npenoeno
n nne npnnnnna anea+opnkn, n knmnenon qnrypon nonoro nanpannenn c+an on Ken.
Mysrkanrna nreca, +pannnonno nonnmaema kak noc+onna konc+pyknn, nepec+ana
cymec+nona+r, n ckonrko-nn6yr e+annsnponanna no+ann 6rna o+6pomena. Hrecon c+an
karn ennnnnrn ak+ cosann snynamen mysrknynnkanrnrn n nenon+opnmrn (ecnn,
konenno, on ne sanncrnanc na marnn+nym nnnky). Hn komnosn+op, nn ncnonnn+enn na nen
ne nnac+nr; nmec+o .+oro onn c+anon+c +onkona+enmn pesynr+a+on cnynannoro nponecca.
Fnannrm qak+opom n npnn+nn pemennn, nepxonnrm an+opn+e+om, nc+nnnrm +nopnom c+an
Cnynan.
Hoo6nre nrecr npec+annm+ co6on nrpaenne nnc+on no+ennnanrnoc+n,
peannsann ko+opon ne onnpae+c na kakoe-nn6o npenapn+enrnoe cornamenne mey
mysrkan+amn, n n nnx +onno +ak e, kak n cnyma+enen, snykonre pesynr+a+r nx
enc+nnn nenpeckasyemr n npec+annm+ co6on nenpeprnnrn cmpnpns. O6a okasrnam+c n
cn+yannn nmenc neonpeennnoc+n. H+o6r nsnnenr cmrcn ns .+oro nenpeckasyemoro
no+oka snynannn, saneomo nnmnnoro nornkn, cam cnyma+enr nrnyen nmnponnsnpona+r
ap+nkynnpona+r, nopasen+r, rpynnnpona+r, onosnana+r, coo+nocn+r, ena .+o na cnon
c+pax n pnck, kak nannen+, nonepraemrn ncnxonornneckomy +ec+y Popmaxa, nnane ronop,
ak+nnno coynac+nona+r n ak+e.
Anea+opnnecka mysrka ne npenonarae+ nonnmann, nonckon nnoennoro n ne
cmrcna. E neanrnrn cnyma+enr n ynac+nnk +o+, k+o ne ymae+, ne anannsnpye+, +o+,
komy ya+c non+n n nekoe senonoo6noe men+a+nnnoe coc+onne, k+o cnoco6en onnakono
ponno, 6esonenonno n 6eso+nocn+enrno npnnnma+r nc, n+o emy npenarae+c,npon+r
o+pesok npemenn, onnmennrn o+ mrcnen, konkpe+nrx .monnn n nocnomnnannn: ncnr+a+r
nnc+oe cymec+nonanne.
O +om, nackonrko nnc+rm n c+epnnrnrm ono moe+ 6r+r, nosnone+ cyn+r
qop+ennanna nreca Kena +pxnac+na He+rpe mnny+r n +pnna+r +pn cekynr, npn
ko+opon nnannc+ ne nsnnekae+ nn ennoro snyka, a rpannnr mey xponome+pnneckn +onno
o+mepennrmn nac+mn o+menam+c nnmr nerknmn napyme-
<c+p. 213>
nnmn ero nonnon nenonnnoc+n. (Bnponem, .+a nreca ne nnonne nnmena cmrcna: e
nn+enrnoc+r, o6osnanenna n nasnannn, coc+anne+ 273 cekynr, n+o, onennno, onno
nanomnn+r o6 a6conm+nom nyne no +emnepa+ypnon mkane Kenrnnna.)
Enponenckne komnosn+opr-ananrapnc+r npoknarnann co6c+nennrn ny+r k +on e
nenn. Cnon 6yn+ npo+nn knaccnnecknx npnnnnnon mysrkanrnon qopmr onn ocnonrnann na
ncenosmonrx qnnocoqcknx nex n nsnennom npeknonennn nepe +annamn n morymec+nom
nncen. Enponencknn ananor He+rpx mnny+ n +pnna+n +px cekyn .+o C+pyk+ypr
Hrepa Bynesa n nyx ponen kynrmnnann noc+ne6epnonckoro cepnannsma, connnenne, o
ko+opom ero ennomrmnennnk Anpn Hyccep nncan:

n Bynesa C+pyk+ypr npec+annm+ co6on neko+oporo poa a6conm+nrn
nynr n ero nsrckannx, ncnr+anne ornm (nnn nrom), ko+opomy on pemnn
noneprny+r cno noo6paenne n mac+epc+no, "n+o6r... nrcnn+r, ko+opre ns
.nemen+on npon+ conpo+nnnemoc+r". (dak+nneckn, y nero 6rna mrcnr nasna+r .+o
connnenne ncne sa rpanmpon Knee Y rpannn nnooponon semnn.) [53]

B .+om cnynae a6conm+nrn nynr 6rn oc+nrny+ nocpec+nom komnosnnnonnon
nponeypr, nasnanennem ko+opon 6rno

34A5YF3*J nm6re non+openn, nm6ym cnmme+pnm... nm6on peanrnrn nopok..,
o6ecnenn+r 207.0.=,2-0 -C2-,50230 n a6conm+nym nenpeckasyemoc+r.
Bynes no+nepae+ cnoe c+pemnenne nrnn+r cymnoc+nym neo6pa+nmoc+r
npemenn. [54]

Hponeypa connnenn C+pyk+yp coc+ona n pacnpoc+panennn npannn
mn6epronckoro me+oa komnosnnnn nenana+rm +onamn na nce ynpannemre nsmepenn n
napame+pr mysrkanrnrx .nemen+on. To+anrna cepnannsann, nonna e+epmnnnponannoc+r
komnosnnnonnon c+pyk+ypr o6epnynacr rocnoc+nom neonpeennnoc+n. Onako, kak
nac+annae+ Hyccep, .+o connnenne

ne 20-7.0/05L22-, a ckopee 20-7.0/053>-, no +on npoc+on npnnnne, n+o ono cnnmkom
6ora+o n cnnmkom mnornm npena+o, n+o6r nonynn+r kakoe-nn6o ono onpeenenne
nnn xapak+epnc+nky. Ono no.+omy 4,0.X-7.0/05L22- n o6naae+ cnnon kak
qopmanrnon cnmme+pnn, +ak n +emn packpenomammnmn cnnamn, ko+opre mr
cnsrnaem c acnmme+pnen. [55]

3+o nanpannenne 6rno nnnmo c+pemnennem pacnnann+r nensmenemre
kpnc+annr mysrkanrnon qopmr n mrcnn, cnona ce-
<c+p. 214>
na+r mysrky nonnnrm o+paennem neo6pa+nmoro npemenn n camon nsnn, nnkora ce6 ne
non+opmmen, nencnepnaemon n cnoen cnonoc+n n no+ennnx, neoc+ynnon onosnannomy
onpeenennm n ne onyckammen oc+anonkn n qnkcannn.

Kapnnanrnon omn6kon knaccnneckon mrcnn... 6rna nepa n +o, n+o npem mono
oc+anonn+r, n+o mono noc+nrny+r nemn n nx nenocpec+nennom o6nnnnn n
onpeennnrm ny+em. 3+o, qak+nneckn, o+pnnanne nx (n namen) .qemepnon npnpor.
Bcnec+nne .+on omn6kn mr o6napynnn, n+o 6pomenr n 6ymymmnn no+ok, ns
ko+oporo ne+ ny+n nasa, n ko+opom ne+ opnen+npon. Hnoxo non+oe npem mc+n+ sa
ce6; mrnonennoe nac+omee ncera 6rno nnmr nens6enrm cnec+nnem npomnoro n
nnxopaonnrm yc+pemnennem k 6yymemy; ne+ nnnero 6eso+nocn+enrno nennoro. [56]
Byymee nyc+o. B name npem .+o kae+c oco6enno onennnrm. Ennc+nennrn
cnoco6 cnpann+rc c nyc+o+on .+o nrpa cnyna, neko+oprn a6cypnrn cnoco6
noneenn. Honna nyc+o+a 6yymero paso6nanae+ omn6onnoc+r nornkn n
pannonannsma. Hyc+o+a 6eckonenna n no+omy a6cypna. Ho.+omy ennc+nennrn po
nenoneneckon ak+nnnoc+n, ko+oprn moe+ okasa+rc nonesnrm n .+om nxoennn n
6eckonennym nyc+o+y, .+o a6cypna ak+nnnoc+r. [57]

3+n na nrckasrnann, ko+opre kay+c nac+mn onoro mononora, npnnanea+
onenr pasnrm nmm. Onn ns nnx komnosn+op, +eope+nk, qnnocoq Anpn Hyccep, pyron
eq Ha+onn, no.+, nnonncen, n npomnom asonrn mysrkan+. Hpnneennrmn nrme
cnonamn on nannnae+ rnany cnoen knnrn-ncnonen Kynr+ypa 6om6r, nrc+yna o+ nnna
nokonenn, nrpocmero n ocosnanmero ce6 no snakom Xnpocnmr: pasrnenannon monon
60-x roon.
Kynrmnnannen nx a6cypnon ak+nnnoc+n 6rnn c+yenneckne 6yn+r 1968 roa
poc+nre nsprnr anapxnn, nanpannennon npo+nn connanrnoro n mopanrnoro nopka
knapa+nrx. Hanncr na c+ene Cop6onnckoro ynnnepcn+e+a o6rnnna: Hananmac
penonmnn npnsrnae+ k o+ne+y ne npoc+o kann+annc+nneckoe, no nnyc+pnannsonannoe
o6mec+no. O6mec+no no+pe6n+enen onno norn6ny+r nacnnrc+nennon cmep+rm. O6mec+no
o+nyenn onno ncnesny+r ns nc+opnn. Mr nso6pe+aem nonrn ne6rnanrn mnp.
Boo6paenne saxna+nno nnac+r.
Anapxn cokpymana c+enr, o+enmmne nckycc+no o+ nsnn. Byn+r 6rnn
packpenomammnmn x.nnennnramn, n nckycc+no peko 6rnano 6nne k cnonm
oprnac+nnecknm nc+okam. [58] Hyccep n ero ennomrmnennnkn-ananrapnc+r hynano
Bepno, o+osnanmnnc na 6yn+r 68 roa cnoen Cnnqonnen, hynn Hono, Kapnrennn
E+okraysen n pyrne o+nmr ne 6rnn 6espasnnnnr k nync+nam,
<c+p. 215>
nnaenmnm nokonennem pasrnenannon monon. Onn 6rnn nnmr ocmo+pn+enrnee n
nemnoro anrnonnnee n cnonx ymosaknmnennx.

To, n+o mr moem nasna+r conpemennon anapxnen, necomnenno, onpananno n e
kpannen onnosnnnn k knaccnneckon ncknmnn+enrnoc+n, k 6ypyasnon nepapxnn
ysypna+opon, nr npeynennnennoe nnnmanne k cnoemy noponno nenepenocnmrn
pasna. Mr o+am ce6e o+n+ n +om, kakym orpomnym ponr nrpam+ secr nen
o6rek+nnnoro nopka n cnmme+pnn; n mr snaem +ake, nackonrko necno6onr o+
nnx namn connanrnre o+nomenn n namn camre rny6okne nync+nonann. Ho.+omy
anapxnn npec+on+ onroe n +pynoe eno onnmenn ny+n, no ko+opomy nam
npec+on+ n+n... Ho ona conepmn+ omn6ky n nanpann+c k nonon nenn, ecnn
o+neprne+ neo6xonmoc+r nckoro nopka, nckon ncnnnnnnr (nnane ronop,
nckoro @2+F0238). [59]

Ennc+nennrm nanrm comsnnkom n 6opr6e c .ronen+pnnnrm nepapxnnecknm
nopkom n o6mec+ne, mrcnn n nckycc+ne n ananrapnc+on 6rn Bcemorymnn Cnynan.
Onn anennnponann k cnynam, ne +onrko o6pamacr k a6cypnrm, nponsnonrnrm,
nnc+nnk+nnnrm enc+nnm, no n onnma cnon +nopneckne nmnynrcr n cno +nopnec+no o+
konnen+yanrnrx nn+ennnn. Onn onann, n+o enaema, cno6ona o+ nckon
npeymrmnennoc+n npana cama co6on nrc+ynn+ ns c+nxnn x.nnennnron n panno
nenpeckasyemrx cnepxe+epmnnnponannrx komnosnnnn, ns ko+oprx 6ecc+pac+na nornka
nncen nr+pannna nce cy6rek+nnnre cmrcnr. Ho pesynr+a+om .+nx nonr+ok nnnncr, ecnn
ncnonrsona+r xapak+epnc+nkn camoro Hyccepa, 6poynono nnenne, qopmanrnoe 6eccnnne,
nepasnnnnmoc+r n nen+panrna nyc+o+a.
An+op knnrn o nocnpn+nn conpemennon mysrkn npnxon+ k 6eccnopnomy, xo+ n
neonennnomy nrnoy:

dopma moe+ nosnnkny+r ns namen cnoco6noc+n na6nmenn n, +em camrm, ns
rny6nnr n o6rma namero nnnnoro onr+a. To, nero mr ne pacnosnam, n nac
qak+nneckn ne cymec+nye+. [60]

B o+cy+c+nne konnen+yanrno ocmrcnennon qopmr, nepe nnnom nepasnnnnmoc+n n
nenpeckasyemoc+n nnnnrn onr+ oc+a+c ennc+nennrm nc+onnnkom cmrcna onr+
cnyma+en, ncnonnn+en n camoro komnosn+opa. H ennc+nennoe, n+o karn ns nnx moe+
pasnnnn+r n cnec+r ocmrcnennrm a a+omnsnponannom xaoce, .+o o+paenne ero co6c+nennoro
nnnnnyanrnoro .ro.
Onn ns onoon Bynesa n nonrsy anea+opnkn nra+ e kopennym cna6oc+r.
<c+p. 216>
Hockonrky mysrkanrnoe pasnn+ne nne+c qynknnen npemenn qnsnneckoro
npemenn, n +enenne ko+oporo ono pasnep+rnae+c, ono onyckae+ nneenne
cnynannoc+en na neckonrknx .+anax n na neckonrknx yponnx komnosnnnn.
Pesynr+a+om .+oro nn+c nocneona+enrnoc+r, ocnonanna na nan6onrmen
nepo+noc+n cnynannrx co6r+nn n neko+oprx npemennrx rpannnax, ko+opre +ake
neonpeennnr. B kon+ekc+e namen sananon mysrkn .+o moe+ nokasa+rc
a6cypnrm, no nnnncka mysrka, nanpnmep, nocpec+nom cone+ann cnoero poa
c+pyk+ypnon qopman+r c nmnponnsannen, necrma nerko cnpanne+c c .+on
npo6nemon, npenara cnoco6 e pemenn na karn enr. 3+o, onennno,
npenonarae+ conepmenno nnon cnoco6 cnymann. [61]

Paccya+r o6 nmnponnsannn n nnnnckon mysrke n non+nx nocneona+enrnoc+n,
ocnonannon na nan6onrmen nepo+noc+n, ko+opa onpeene+c c+pyk+ypnon qopman+on,
snann+ ynycka+r ns nny rny6oknn cnmnonnnecknn cmrcn, ko+oprm .+a qopman+a o6naae+
n n mysrkan+a, n n cnyma+en, e cnsr c konnek+nnnrm 6eccosna+enrnrm n morymec+no
n kanec+ne nocpennka n nap+nnnnannn.
O6cya+r mysrky na srke qopm snann+ nrpa+r c okamenenmnmn ckene+amn nekora
nnrx enc+nennrx snanennn, ko+opre c nsmenennem kynr+ypnon .konornn nnmanncr nonnr
n ne naxonnn ce6e npnmenenn n e+enrno pannonannc+nneckom sananom nn+ennek+e.
Hmn+ann mysrkanrnon npak+nkn n npnmon nnrx kynr+yp, cnmynnn sen 6ync+cknx
coc+onnn nnn cneonanne +mnrm namkam kn+anckon Knnrn nepemen n anea+opnneckon
nponeype +ak e 6eccnnrnr coo6mn+r mysrke 6onee nrcokym cnepxnnnnym snannmoc+r, kak
me+or cepnanrnon nnn c+oxac+nneckon komnosnnnn.
Bpem n o+c+ynnenn, no-nnnmomy, naspeno. B 6onee nosnnx connnennx Bynesa,
E+okraysena, Bepno n n cnonx co6c+nennrx Hyccep samenae+ o+nocn+enrno npannnrnre
pn+mr, cno onepnennre rapmonnneckne nacnoenn n saknmnae+:

Ecnn .+n nosmonoc+n 6onee ne npec+annm+ co6on nansannrn nopok, a,
ckopee, nep+r, nopok ko+oprx y+nepae+c napy c pyrnmn,.. +o 6onee ne+
npnnnn npoona+r ns6era+r nx. B 6r ae o+nannc npeckasa+r, n+o n 6nnskom
6yymem .nonmnn npnme+ +akoe nanpannenne, n ko+opom nce +nnr mysrkanrnoro
nrpaenn, nakonnennre o ceronmnero n, cnona c+any+ yno+pe6nmrmn. [62]

<c+p. 217>
!"%I#VNW%M
1 Lucien Levi-Bruhl. The Notebooks on Primitive Mentality (nep. Peter Riviere),
Harper & Row Publishers (New York, 1975), cc.125-126. B anrnenmem c+pannnr ykasrnam+c
n +ekc+e.
2 Musharaff Moulanna Khan. Pages in the Life of a Sufi. Sufi Publishing Company
(1971,1-e ns. 1932), cc.127,129, 61.
3 Gershom Scholem. On the Kabbalah and Its Symbolism. Schocken Books (New
York, 1696), cc.15-16.
4 Ernst Cassirer. Language and Myth (nep. Cmsann hanrep). Dover Publications, Inc.
(New York, 1946), cc.6-7.
5 Arthur Koestler. The Act of Creation. Danube (London, 1969).
6 Edward T.Cone. The Authority of Music Criticism." Journal of the American
Musicological Society, vol. xxxiv, no.l (Spring 1981), c.7 (kypcnn mon. - F.O.)
7 Susanne K.Langer. Feeling and Form. Charles Scribner's Sons (New York, 1953),
c.32.
8 Ernst Cassirer. An Essay on Man. Yale University Press (New Haven and London,
1944), cc.164,168.
9 Johan Huizinga. Homo Ludens. A Study of the Play-Element in Culture. (Boston,
1950), Hpencnonne.
10 Alan W.Watts. Psychotherapy: East and West. Ballantine Books (New York, 1961),
c.28
11 Edward Edinger. Ego and Archetype. Penguin Books (Baltimore, 1972), C.130.
12 Erich Fromm. Escape From Freedom. Discus, Avon Books (New York, 1971),
cc.34,36.
13 Alan Lomax. "Folk Song Style." American Anthropologist 61 (1959), c.929.
<c+p. 218>

14 Tomas O'Canainn. Traditional Music in Ireland. Routiedge & Kegan Paul,Ltd.
(Boston, 1978), c.79.
15 Johan Huizinga. Homo Ludens. A Study of the Play-Element in Culture, nn+. ns., c.
163
16 Alain Gheerbrant. Journey to the Far Amazon. (New York, 1954), c 104.
17 Curt Sachs. The Wellsprings of Music. A Da Capo Paperback (New York), c.93
18 Carl G. Jung. "Commentary on The Secret of the Golden Flower." In: Psychology
of the. East (nep. R. F. C. Hull), Princeton University Press, Bollingen Series XX (Princeton,
1978), cc.26-27.
19 Curt Sachs. The Wellsprings of Music, nn+. ro., cc.79-80.
. Morris Edward Opler, An Apache Life-Way, Chicago, 1941, c.107
. Curt Sachs, The Rise of Music in the Ancient World, New York, 1943, c.173.
. George Herzog, "Speech-melody and Primitive Music," The Musical Quarterly,
vol.20 (1934), c.462.
. Curt Sachs, World History of the Dance, New York, 1937, c.219.
. Hugh Ashton, The Basuto, London, 1952, c51. '
. Ralph Linton, The Tree of Culture, New York, 1955, c.27.
20 Tomas O'Canainn. Traditional Music in Ireland, nn+. ns., c.4
21 Curt Sachs, Our Musical Heritage: A Short History of Music (2-e ns.) Prentice-
Hall, Inc. (New York, 1955), c 3.
22 Tam e. cc. 22-23.
23 Musharaff Moulanna Khan. Pages in the Life of a Sufi, nn+. ns.. cc.20-21, 45.
24 Laurence Picken. The Music of the Far-East Asia." The New Oxford History of
Music I, Oxford University Press (London, 1969), cc.87-88.
25 Curt Sachs. The Rise of Music in the Ancient World. East and West. W. W. Norton
and Company, Inc. (New York, 1943), c 107.
26 Arthur Koestler, The Sleepwalkers. Penguin Books, 1964, c 37.
27 Pierre Teilhard deChardin. The Future of Man. Harper Torchbooks, Harper & Row,
Publishers (London-New York, 1964), c. 20.
28 Curt Sachs. The Wellsprings of Music, nn+. ns., c.7.
<c+p. 219>

29 Ludwig von Bertalanffy. Robots, Men and Minds. George Braziller (New York,
1967), cc.87-88.
30 Curt Sachs. The Wellsprings of Music, nn+. ns.. c.7.
31 Percy M. Young. The Concert Tradition from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth
Century, Routiedge and Kegan Paul (London, 1965), cc.l-2,3-4.
32 Paul Henry Lang. Music in Western Civilization. W.W.Norton and Company, Inc.
(New York, 1969), c.967.
33 Hn+. no kn.: Frederick Dorian. The History of Music in Performance. W.W.Norton
and Company, Inc. (New York, 1966), c.7.
34 Tam e, cc.23-24.
35 Harvard Dictionary of Music (pe.. Willi Apel), 2-e ns., "Notation", c.578.
36 Harold Powers. Penensn na kn.; Alan P. Merriam. The Anthropology of Music.
Perspectives on New Music vol.4, no.2 (Spring-Summer 1966), c.168.
37 Curt Sachs. Rhythm and Tempo. A Study in Music History (New York, 1953),
cc.166,168.
38 Warren Dwight Allen. Philosophies of Music History. A Study of General Histories
of Music 1600-1960. Dover Publ., Inc. (New York, 1962), c.viii.
39 Paul Henry Lang. Music in Western Civilization, nn+. ns., cc.359-360.
40 Tam e, cc. 359.
41 David Reck. "Improvisation in Western Classical Music" The Journal of the Music
Academy vol. XLV, parts i-iv (Madras, 1974), c.74.
42 H. H. Stuckenschmidt. Twentieth Century Music (nep. c nem. Richard Deyeson).
McGraw-Hill Book Company (New York-Toronto, 1969), c.178.
43 Edward T. Hall. The Silent Language. Anchor Books Edition (New York, 1973),
cc.9,10.
44 Alan P. Merriam. The Anthropology of Music. Northwestern University Press
(1964), c 263.
45 David Borrows. "Music and the Biology of Time." Perspectives on New Music
vol.10, no. 1 (Fall-Winter 1972), c.241.
<c+p. 220>
46 Henri Pousseur. The Question of Order in New Music." Perspectives on
Contemporary Music Theory (pe. B. Boretz and E. T. Cone) W.W.Norton and Company, Inc.
(New York, 1972), cc.102,103.
47 Ernst Ferand. Improvisation in Nine Centuries of Western Music, (Kln, 1961), c.5.
48 William W. Austin. Music in the Twentieth Century. W. W. Norton and Company,
Inc. (New York, 1966), cc.178,179.
49 Tam e, C.182.
50 Carl Jung. "Aion." The Collected Works, vol.9, part II. Bollingen Series XX (New
York, 1959), cc247 n cne.
51 Charles Ives. ***, The Musical Quarterly vol xix, no. 1 (January 1933), p.47.
52 Charles Ives. "Essays Before A Sonata." The Second Pianoforte Sonata, Arrow
Music Press, Inc., 1919.
53 Henri Pousseur. "The Question of Order in New Music," nn+. ns., c.106.
54 Tam e, c.99
55 Tam e. c.112.
56 Tam e, c.103-104.
57 Jeff Nutall. Bomb Culture. Paladin, Granada Publishing, Ltd. (London, 1970), c.67.
58 Tam e, c.9
59 Henri Pousseur. The Question of Order in New Music," nn+. ns., c.109- 110.
60 Roger Reynolds. Mind Models. The New Forms of Musical Experience. (New York,
1975), p.230.
61 Pierre Boulez. "Alea." Perspectives on Contemporary Music Theory (pe. B. Boretz
and E. T. Cone), W.W.Norton & Company, Inc. (New York, 1972), p.49.
62 Henri Pousseur. The Question of Order in New Music," nn+. ns.. c.114.
<c+p. 221>
65+,+ 78*+8. !"(&:"NW&:)(
"0,L* 53 @,0.J , 504B E5BX->,
:.BC3* 53 .-E, E.0>3* 53 E.->,
!-0* 53 /0,+ @+ X-5>->
W+ ,48A3; @,BA
&,-; -*A53A , ,-@/BX0 7B4*->
"-/3PJ *= ,/.BE.

:= ,20>50PJ E.-X-*B E.->-,
% E5+4B CB.3 3 ,+5-,,
% A.3AB 405J4A3X 7+4*BX-,
% P5LPJ -*,0*...
A. C. Hymknn, 3xo
NAB4*3F04A-0 7.-4*.+24*,-
Mysrka snynn+ n nocnpnnnmae+c n +om e camom +pxmepnom dnsnneckom mnpe, n
ko+opom cymec+nyem mr camn n nc nponee. 1x+r nn kaka-nn6o cnennqnnecka cnsr mey
mysrkon n npoc+panc+nom? Hockonrky mysrkanrnoe snynanne nponsnon+c na 6onrmem nnn
menrmem pacc+onnn o+ nac n oc+nrae+ namero cnyxa 6naroap nannnnm nosymnon cper,
+o cosanne on+nmanrnrx akyc+nnecknx ycnonnn coc+anne+, no-nnnmomy, ennc+nennym
ckonrko-nn6yr ceprsnym npo6nemy.
enc+nn+enrno, no nce npemena .+on npo6neme yennocr orpomnoe nnnmanne.
Apxn+ek+opr 6rm+c na akyc+nkon konnep+nrx sanon, c+pemcr cosa+r ycnonn, npn
ko+oprx snynanne, o6oramennoe penep6epannen, oc+nrano 6r camrx o+ennnrx yronkon.
Hnenepr nenpeprnno conepmenc+nym+ .nek+ponnoe o6opy-
<c+p. 222>
onanne n ycnnenn, sanncn, nocnponsneenn n +pancqopmannn snyka, o6nnacr
makcnmanrnon +onnoc+n n nonno+r nepeann ero cnonc+n, nknmna npoc+panc+nennre. H +e, n
pyrne nonrsym+c nomomrm ncnxoqnsnonoron n o6r+rm nmn nonnmannem nponeccon
cnyxonoro nocnpn+n. Bc .+o, onako, n ne sa+parnnae+ cymnoc+n mysrkn, n ne cneye+ nn
no.+omy oc+ann+r paccyenn o npoc+panc+ne cnennannc+am n o6nac+n ckynrn+ypr,
nnonncn n apxn+ek+ypr, nckycc+n no npenmymec+ny npoc+panc+nennrx?
3+o rny6oko ykopennnmeec y6eenne nno nnn ckpr+o okpamnnae+ 6onrmym nac+r
orpomnon mysrkoneneckon nn+epa+ypr. ae nan6onee +eope+nneckn mrcnmne an+opr
cknonnr sa6rna+r +y akcnoma+nneckym nc+nny, n+o npoc+panc+no npec+anne+ co6on +akoe
e ynnnepcanrnoe n neo+remnemoe ycnonne cymec+nonann n onr+a, kak npem.
Knnra Hykepkann Bnyk n cnmnon: mysrka n nnemnnn mnp nrrnn+ na .+om
o6mem qone peknm ncknmnennem. Onepnpy qnnocoqcknmn n ncnxonornnecknmn
aprymen+amn n ccrnkamn na pyrne nckycc+na, an+op npnmepno na c+a c+pannnax o+neprae+
nsrn na mysrky kak nenpoc+panc+nennrn, nnc+o npemennon qenomen. On nnme+:

n nac npoc+panc+no .+o mec+o, re npe(uevm pacnonaram+c n pasnrx nynkvax.
To+ nnn nnon npeme+ nocnpnnnmae+c rnasom, a em oc+onepnee pykon; n
npoc+panc+ne nponon+c rpannnaona nac+r npoc+panc+na o+rpannnnnae+c o+
pyron nnn o+ oc+anrnoro npoc+panc+na... Ho yxo, cnrmamee +ona, ne snae+
noo6noro pasnnnenn... B o+nnnne o+ npeme+on, +ona ne naxo+c secr nnn
+am; karn +on nesecym... Hpoc+panc+no, ko+opoe mr cnrmnm, ne nmee+ mec+...
Brco+a, mnpnna, rny6nna .+nx pasnnnnn n cnyxonom npoc+panc+ne ne+. Ec+r
+onrko ono nanpannenne o+kya, n ero, ecnn yrono, mr moem onpeenn+r kak
ennc+nennoe nsmepenne cnyxonoro npoc+panc+na. [1]

Becr onennno cmemenne cnyxonoro n akyc+nneckoro npoc+panc+n, npnpoa ko+oprx
conepmenno pasnnnna. n opnen+annn n +ononom npoc+panc+ne nsmepenn akyc+nneckoro
npoc+panc+na ne nmem+ nn manenmero snanenn. Mr y6eenr, n+o +ona, ko+oprmn mr
mrcnenno mannnynnpyem, ne nponsno+c namn camnmn, no npnxo+ nsnne, ns okpyammero
nac mnpa, n ko+opom snynn+ mysrka. Onako .+o y6eenne nono. B akyc+nneckon cpee ne+
nn +onon, nn ae snykon; ec+r nnmr kone6ann nac+nn nosyxa. Pasnnnaemre namn snykn n, n
oco6ennoc+n, mysrkanrnre +ona .+o npoyk+ nenoo6pasnmo cnonoro mrcnn+enrnoro, xo+ n
6eccosna+enrnoro nponecca anannsa, o+6opa n cnn+esa no rny6oko ycnoennrm npannnam,
mnoro 6onee cnonrm, nem +e, n+o ycnannam+c
<c+p. 223>
npn nsynennn nnoc+pannoro srka n npenpamam+ nepacnnennmrn no+ok snynannn n pr
snakomrx cnon n non+nrx qpas.
Mnoec+no sa6nyennn n qnnocoqnn, .c+e+nke n +eopnn mysrkn cnsano c
omn6kamn cy6rek+nnnsma c o6rnaem nne+r n mysrke camooc+a+onnrn o6rek+ n
an+onomnom yme, nepn+r, n+o .annrm nn+pocneknnn coo+ne+c+nym+ o6rek+nnnre peanrnoc+n,
a sa+em o+kprna+r .+n mnnmre peanrnoc+n n okpyammem mnpe. Hpeoone+r .+o+ kny6ok
sa6nyennn n annom cnynae snann+ cno o+enn+r npoc+panc+no Q3@3F04A-E- mnpa o+
cy6nnmnponannrx npoc+panc+n pasnnnnon npnpor, pekonc+pynpyemrx na FB,4*,022->,
>=453*05J2-> n /BX-,2-> yponnx. Tonrko n .+om cnynae mr ynnnm cnonre
mnoroo6pasnre nsanmocnsn mey nnmn, npn6nnsnmc k nonnmannm nx xapak+epa, cnonc+n n
snanenn.
Hn mysrka, nn nocnpnnnmammnn e cy6rek+, ne o6naam+ an+onomnrm
cymec+nonannem. Hync+nennrn o6pas mysrkn, e c+pyk+ypr n yxonnre cmrcnr nc .+o
nnor e+enrnoc+n cy6rek+a, cqopmnponannoro konnek+nnnrm n nnnnrm onr+om
onpeennnon kynr+ypr. O6rek+nnnrm crprm n .+on e+enrnoc+n cnyn+ oco6rm
o6pasom oprannsonannrn akyc+nnecknn qenomen, nc+pena c ko+oprm nponcxon+ n
qnsnneckom npoc+panc+ne n noncenennom o6mem npoc+panc+ne npeme+on, +en, nnennn
n npo+nnoc+en. Ho n ennc+nenno o6rek+nnnoe qnsnneckoe npoc+panc+no, no o6pasy n
noo6nm ko+oporo cosam+c npoc+panc+na cy6rek+nnno cy6nnmnponannre, nn+nmnrm
o6pasom nknmnae+c n mysrkanrnrn qenomen, c+anonn+c ero neo+remnemrm a+pn6y+om,
npno6pe+a +em camrm konkpe+nre nnnnnyanrnre cnonc+na n snanenn.
dnsnneckoe npoc+panc+no +ak e neo6xonmo n mysrkn, kak nosyx n rxann.
O6rnno mr ne samenaem nn +oro, nn pyroro. Mr o6pamaem nnnmanne na nosyx, ko+oprm
rmnm, +onrko ecnn on nacrmen oco6rmn apoma+amn nnn oco6enno sarpsnn; mr o+am
ce6e o+n+ n cnonc+nax qnsnneckoro npoc+panc+na mysrkn, +onrko ecnn akyc+nka
ncknmnn+enrno xopoma nnn onenr nnoxa.
Bnanennem qnsnneckoro npoc+panc+na mono 6rno 6r npene6penr, ecnn 6r ono
6rno +onrko nepeammen cpeon. Ho. y nero ec+r pyra, 6onee nana ponr. 3+o mec+o
o6n+ann, noe. snynamen mysrkn, n ko+opon ono +ak e cymec+nenno, kak
pesonnpymmnn kopnyc ckpnnkn n nn6pannn c+pyn no cmrnkom. 3+o oco6enno xopomo
nonnmann c+pon+enn nepkonnrx sannn; onn o6nnanncr enaemrx akyc+nnecknx ycnonnn,
oc+ann nonoc+n n onpeennnrx mec+ax kamennon knakn, nmyponrna n c+enr rnnnnre
cocyr pasnrx o6rmon, nac+panna rnran+cknn pesonancnrn
<c+p. 224>
mnk nepkonnoro nn+eprepa +ak, n+o6r nm6oe snynanne 6ynno onrnn o+snyk, nnymammnn
mnc+nneckoe nync+no. Oprannsonannoe +aknm o6pasom qnsnneckoe npoc+panc+no okasrnae+c
n 6yknanrnom cmrcne cnona neo+ennmrm komnonen+om mysrkn xoponon n, n oco6ennoc+n,
oprannon.
C+on+ +onrko noyma+r o6 .+om, kak c+ane+ camoonennnrm, n+o ne +onrko xapak+ep
mysrkanrnoro snynann, no n karn nn mysrkn npenonarae+ cnonc+na n o6rm
akyc+nneckon cper. Konkpe+nre ycnonn qnsnneckoro npoc+panc+na nknmnenr n
rene+nnecknn ko kaoro +nna mysrkn n o6ecnennnam+ e nrnnanne non+n +ak e, kak
rene+nnecknn ko nm6oro nnoro oprannsma npeonpeene+, 6ye+ nn on n+r n nosyxe, n
noe nnn no semnn. herko noo6pasn+r, nackonrko npo+nnoec+ec+nennrm 6rno 6r snynanne
ne6epnoncknx Bara+enen na prnonnon nnoman, ynep+mpr 1812 ro Hankonckoro n
kamepnom sane nnn yxonoro opkec+pa n nepknn.
eno ne +onrko n neo6xonmoc+n coo+ne+c+nn mey o6rmom nomemenn n cnnon
snynann, no n n coo+ne+c+nnn mey cnonc+namn npoc+panc+na n xapak+epom nnc+pymen+on,
ronocon n mysrkanrnon +kann, nnamnnecknm yponnem, nanasonom n konopnc+nneckon
rammon. Hcnonnn+enm nsnec+no, nanpnmep, n+o ne +onrko nx nr6op +emnon, no n e+ann
nn+epnpe+annn nepeko nk+ym+c akyc+nkon konnep+noro sana.
dnsnneckoe npoc+panc+no, n ko+opom nponcxon+ nc+pena c mysrkon, .+o nomnmo
ncero nponero, o6mec+nennoe npoc+panc+no, npnnaneamee annon kynr+ype n annomy
nepnoy, ko+opoe ae n +nmnne nec+ n ce6e sap onpeennnrx cmrcnon, npenocxnmennn
n onannn; ono yc+anannnnae+ connanrno okpamennrn kon+ekc+, n ko+opom 6ye+
nocnpnnnma+rc n onennna+rc ncnonnema mysrka.
Hccney srk connanrnoro npoc+panc+na n pasnrx kynr+ypax kak ckpr+oe
nsmepenne kommynnkannn, 3nap Xonn pasnnnae+ ne+rpe ocnonnrx nc+annnn n cnsannre c
nnmn pasnnnnre +nnr kon+ak+a: 32*3>2=; , 70.4-2+5J2=; , 4-K3+5J2=; n 7BC53F2=;:

O+ nnonncn nm6oro nnoro poa nop+pe+ o+nnnae+c ncnxonornneckon
6nnsoc+rm, ko+opa nenocpec+nenno onpeene+c enc+nn+enrnrm qnsnnecknm
nn+epnanom,nc+annnen n qy+ax n mnmax mey na+ypon n xyonnkom.
Fpoccep onpeene+ .+y nc+annnm n npeenax o+ ne+rpx o nocrmn qy+on. Takoe
npoc+panc+nennoe o+nomenne nnonncna k cnoen moenn onpeene+ cnennqnneckne
cnonc+na nop+pe+non nnonncn o6menne oco6oro xapak+epa, non+n 6ecey, n
ko+opym spn+enr nop+pe+a moe+ nc+ynn+r c nenonekom, nso6pannrm na nm. [2]
<c+p. 225>
!0.4-2+5J2+8 nc+annn n nepconanrnrn kon+ak+ cnonc+nennr kamepnon mysrke
mysrkanrnomy ananory nop+pe+a. B o6onx cnynax +onkne e+ann nrc+ynam+ c nan6onrmen
penreqnoc+rm n nocnpnnnmam+c c nan6onrmen cnoc+rm, 6yr +o qak+ypa kon nnn
nmancr snykonon +kann. Hepconanrna nc+annn o6ecnennnae+ makcnmanrno o+n+nnnoe
nnenne n cnrmanne: nosmonoc+r nne+r nrpammnx ynac+nnkon ancam6n n6nnsn
snann+enrno ycnnnnae+ .qqek+, nponsnonmrn mysrkon. Bonee +oro, npoc+panc+nenna
6nnsoc+r cnyma+enen nens6eno cosae+ 6onee +ecnrn kon+ak+ mey ncnonnn+enmn n
ayn+opnen, peaknnn ko+opon, +epmmnec n 6onrmom sane, nerne oc+nram+ nx nnnmann n
okasrnae+ same+noe nnnnne na xo ncnonnenn. Hmenno n npeenax .+on nc+annnn nn+ n
pacnne+ae+ nc+nnnoe nckycc+no nmnponnsannn.
Ho mepe o+anenn cnyma+en nnn spn+en o+ nc+onnnka nnena+nennn ero
nonnennnoc+r cna6ee+. !0.4-2+5J2+8 nc+annn nesame+no nepexon+ n 4-K3+5J2BY, a
nync+no nnnnon npnnac+noc+n yc+ynae+ mec+o 6onee nnn menee o+c+pannnomy cosepnannm
nnn na6nmennm. Connanrna nc+annn n yc+anonka onnakono npncymn monymen+anrnon
nnonncn n cnmqonnn. O+ nnx onam+ ne menknx e+anen, nnrx nopo6noc+en, +onknx
o++enkon nrpaenn n paqnnnponannrx qak+yp, no nonnomenn nen, +emr,
kpynnomacm+a6noc+n samrcna n komnosnnnn.
C rny6oknm nonnmannem connanrno-kynr+ypnon qynknnn mysrkn Haynr Bekkep
o+nepr ynpomnnoe n 6nnsopykoe o6rcnenne cnmqonnn kak cona+r n opkec+pa n
nonnenne 6onrmnx konnep+nrx sanon kak pesynr+a+ nnc+o npak+nneckon neo6xonmoc+n
cosa+r noxomne akyc+nneckne ycnonn n maccnnnoro opkec+ponoro snynann. Cona+a,
nncan on, apeconana nnnnnyymam, +ora kak cnmqonn o6pamae+c k o6mnne. B cnoen
ne6onrmon knnke Cnmqonn o+ Be+xonena o Manepa [3] on cnsrnae+ norm n pacnne+
cnmqonnn n XIX neke c sapoennem n pasnn+nem nync+na nannonanrnoro camocosnann n
coo+ne+c+nymmnx neonornn n c+panax Enponr. B okonna+enrno cekynpnsonannrx
o6mec+nax konnep+nre sanr n onepnre +ea+pr c+ann xpamamn knasnpennrnosnrx kynr+on,
komnosn+opr nanann npononeona+r, n cnmqonn, cnmnonnsnpymma nonoe nync+no
nannonanrnoro ennc+na, mnpckym qnnocoqnm nsnn n rpaanckne o6poe+enn, sanna
mec+o meccr, ko+opa n npemec+nymmym .py cnynna cnmnonom yxonnoro ennc+na.
Ba npeenamn connanrnoro npoc+panc+na npoc+npae+c em 6onee o6mnpnoe
7BC53F2-0 npoc+panc+no. B o+nnnne o+ npemec+nymmnx, ono ne nreneno ns o6rennoro
nsnennoro npoc+panc+-
<c+p. 226>
na n o+nnnae+c o+ nero +onrko .c+e+nneckn. 3+o npoc+panc+no, cosanaemoe
apxn+ek+ypnrmn coopyennmn n ancam6nmn, napkamn, monymen+amn n nam+nnkamn,
c+ennrmn pocnncmn, nanno n nponnmn .nemen+amn oprannsyemon nenonekom nnemnen cper.
Hpncy+c+nymmne noc+onno, cnn+re c noncenennrm okpyennem, onn ncnononr rny6oko
nosenc+nym+ na o6n+a+enen .+on cper. Onn cpannn+enrno peko cosepnam+c
nenocpec+nenno n onennnam+c kak .c+e+nneckne o6rek+r, npncy+c+ny, kak npannno, na
nepnqepnn nnnmann. Hy6nnnnoe npoc+panc+no onnae+, n npnkonrnae+ k ce6e nnnmanne,
kora n nm pasnocn+c nepesnon konokonon, npnsrn my.snna na monn+ny, nrpa yxonoro
opkec+pa n o6mec+nennrx caax, na ropocknx ynnnax n nnomax nnn naponon necnn n none.
Hannna ye c XVII neka cnennanrnre mysrkanrnre komnosnnnn npenasnananncr
n npasnec+n no o+kpr+rm ne6om. Mysrka nnen.pa c e mnpoknmn onep+annmn,
maccnnnrmn snynannmn n npoc+on qak+ypon nocnpnnnmanacr na 6onrmnx pacc+onnx,
cmemnnacr c ronocamn nsnn n npnpor, o6oramacr ec+ec+nennrm .xom. Mysrka na noe
Fenen, nanncanna n 1715 roy n r nopnonoro npasnec+na na Temse, komnosnnnn Focceka
n pyrnx komnosn+opon n mysrkanrnrx npasnec+n dpannysckon penonmnnn, nrpa
poronrx opkec+pon na nencknx oc+ponax, macconre mysrkanrno-pama+nneckne nncnennponkn
na nnomax He+porpaa n nepnre ror Ok+6prckon penonmnnn +akonr neko+opre ns
nan6onee nsnec+nrx n npnmena+enrnrx ncnonrsonannn ny6nnnnoro npoc+panc+na n nc+opnn
mysrkn.
O+nomenne mysrkn k qnsnneckomy npoc+panc+ny ne npnnnekae+ nnnmanne
nccneona+enen n ocnonnom no+omy, n+o npoc+panc+no n nepnym oneper onpeene+c
nanpannennmn n nsmepnmrmn pacc+onnmn, ko+oprmn ec+ec+nenno npene6penr, nockonrky
snyk kak 6r nesecym. Hon+op .+o rny6oko ykopennnmeec y6eenne, opan nnme+:

Mysrkanrnrn onr+ o+pnnae+ kakym-nn6o nanoc+r nanpannenn na nc+onnnk
snyka (ncknmna, pasymee+c, c+epeoqonnm,..) n konc+pynpye+ qnk+nnnym o6nac+r
noo6paaemoro mysrkanrnoro npoc+panc+na, saana ko+oporocnyn+r
pacnosnanannm snykon pasnnnnon nrco+r, annrx n ononpemennoc+n. [4]

Becr c oco6on cnoc+rm nrc+ynae+ cmemenne akyc+nneckoro (qnsnneckoro)
npoc+panc+na c npoc+panc+nom +ononrm (mrcnennrm). Bosnnkae+ nonpoc: nonemy, o+nepra
nepnoe n konc+pynpy n+opoe, cnyma+enr nnc+nnk+nnno nonopannnae+c nnnom k nc+onnnky
snyka? Tonrko nn yo6c+nom nnnespenn ncnonnn+enen o6rc-
<c+p. 227>
ne+c c+anap+na nnannponka konnep+nrx sanon c pamn kpecen, o6pamennrx k .c+pae?
3+o+ nonpoc nomorae+ ncnomnn+r, n+o +akona aneko ne ennc+nenna oprannsann
qnsnneckoro npoc+panc+na, nsnec+na ns nc+opnn mysrkanrnrx kynr+yp, n nanon+ na mrcnr
o +om, n+o ono o6naae+ co6c+nennon nennoc+rm n kaknm-+o o6pasom cnsano c
noo6paaemrm +ononrm npoc+panc+nom.
dnsnneckoe npoc+panc+no o+nmr ne nne+c nen+panrnon cpeon no o+nomennm k
mysrke, cnsn mey nnm n pasnnnnrmn noo6paaemrmn npoc+panc+namn mysrkn mnoro
cnonee n rny6e, nem o6rnno npenonarae+c. 3+n cnsn no mnorom onpeenm+c
oco6ennoc+mn konkpe+non kynr+ypr n mysrkanrnon cnc+emr. B. o6men qopme mono
ckasa+r, n+o nx rny6nna n xapak+ep sannc+ o+ snanenn npoc+panc+nennrx non+nn n
o+nomennn n pasnnnnrx kynr+ypax.
&+A.+5J2-0 7.-4*.+24*,-
Mysrkanrnre +eopnn n .c+e+nneckne ynenn, npene6perammne akyc+nnecknm
npoc+panc+nom, n nrcmen c+enenn ns6npa+enrnr. onn npnnnmam+ n pacn+ ne snykn, a +ona
ne nepnnnnre annre mysrkanrnoro nocnpn+n, a ero npoyk+o6pa6o+annrn,
o6osnanennrn n oprannsonannrn. Bonee +oro, onn ronop+ ae ne o ronax kak +akonrx,
no o6 nx nrco+e, nn+enrnoc+n n (pee) cnne. Hs c+onr +ma+enrno npenapnponannoro
mrcnennoro o6pasonann nsnnekae+c coepanne: c+pyk+ypa nnn o6pas. 3+n +eopnn n
ynenn nomoram+ sa6rna+r o coepannn camoro snyka qnsnneckoro ma+epnana mysrkn,
ko+oprn moanrnoc+rm, no+ennnmn n nennoc+rm n npnnnnne o+nnnen o+ +ona.
Tona n nx konqnrypannn nosnnkam+ n mrcnennom npoc+panc+ne, nm npnnncrnae+c
o6rek+nnnoe cymec+nonanne n nekom neanrnom mnpe. Bnyk cneye+ o6pa+nrm ny+m: on
nosnnkae+ n okpyammem mnpe n npoennpye+c na .kpan cnyxonrx nocnpn+nn. Fonop
+onnee, ecnn 6r nam cnyxonon .kpan 6rn nenpens+rm pernc+pa+opom, a ne n nrcmen
c+enenn ns6npa+enrnrm nepepa6a+rnammnm yc+ponc+nom, +o 6ecnncnennre, ononpemennre,
6eckonenno 6ora+re n nsmennnnre snynann, ko+oprmn nacrmen okpyammnn nac mnp,
sanonnnn 6r nc name cymec+no.
&5=P3>=; mnp rny6oko o+nnnen o+ mnpa ,3/3>-E-. Bnenne a+ nam mnoec+no
npeme+on, o+ennnrx pyr o+ pyra n pac-
<c+p. 228>
nonoennrx n pasnrx nanpannennx n na pasnrx pacc+onnx o+ nac. Mr nocnpnnnmaem
.+n npeme+r noonepno, coo+noc nx, n +aknm o6pasom qopmnpyem o6pas n nem
+pxmepnoro npoc+panc+nanx c+annonapnoro nmec+nnnma. Cnrmanne a+ nam ne
npeme+r n npoc+panc+ne, no ronoca no npemenn ne mnoec+no mec+, nanpannennn n
nc+annnn, no ncenpncy+c+nne n cqepnneckom cnyxonom npoc+panc+ne, pacmnpmmemc no
mepe ncnymnnann n nero. 3+n ronoca snyna+ ononpemenno n, naennnre co6c+nennon
.neprnen, 6om6apnpym+ nac co ncex c+opon. H+o6r opnen+npona+rc n cnyxonom
npoc+panc+ne, nam ne npnxon+c nonopannna+r ronony, o+rcknna+r npeme+ rnasamn n
qokycnpona+rc na nm, kak .+oro +pe6ye+ nnsyanrnoe npoc+panc+no; nmec+o .+oro mr
nanpannem npoek+op nnnmann n cnyxonon cqepe na +o+ nnn nnon snyk, ronoc, na +o
nnn nnoe nx kanec+no.
Hsnec+no, n+o cnoco6noc+rm nokannsannn nanpannennn nenonenecknn 6nnaypanrnrn
cnyx cnnrno yc+ynae+ spennm: cpen omn6ka oc+nrae+ 5 npn qpon+anrnom
pacnonoennn nc+onnnka snyka n 15 n nponnx cnynax. Ho c+onr neconepmennrn n
npoc+panc+ne ma+epnanrnrx npeme+on, cnyx nnon+ nac n neoc+ynnrn spennm mnp
nennnmoro nnamnnnrn, nonnrn nsnn n nnenn.
Mnorne kynr+ypr c pasnon c+enenrm o+n+nnnoc+n naenm+ nnon mnp
nennnmoro cnonc+namn yxonnoc+n n cn+oc+n. Panee n .+on knnre ne pas ynomnnan o
yxonnom snanennn snyka. Bo+ em ono camoe nopasn+enrnoe cnne+enrc+no
neconsmepnmoro pasnnnn mey snykom n cnsannrm c nnm ma+epnanrnrm npeme+om. Ono
kacae+c >-53>- aqpnkancknx nnrmeen +py6r, snynanne ko+opon ec+r yx nno+noro
heca. Kannn Typn6yn coo6mae+:

B ne snam n +onnoc+n, nero nmenno onan, no snan nemnoro o +py6ax monnmo
n o +om, n+o nx enam+ ns 6am6yka. Bepo+no, paccnn+rnan ynne+r npeme+,
nokpr+rn nsompnnon pesr6on, ykpamennrn opnamen+om, nonnrm
pn+yannc+nneckon cnmnonnkn nen+o cnmennoe, nrsrnammee 6naroronenne,
npeme+, onn nn ko+oporo cnn+ae+c onacnrm... Ho ynnen, n+o nnc+pymen+,
ko+oprn cnonm nopaamme rpy6rm snykom cme+ae+ +nmnny n +ak e rpy6o paccen
mon nnnmsnn, cenan nonce ne ns 6am6yka n noo6me ne ns epena, ne nokpr+ pesr6on
nnn kaknmn-nn6o ykpamennmn. 3+o 6rn npoc+o o+pesok me+annnneckon penanon
+py6r c napeskon c o6onx konnon... B cnpocnn non+n mno+om, kak .+o nosmono,
n+o6r n kanec+ne monnmo, c+onr cnmennoro n nnx, ncnonrsonanc kycok +py6r,
ykpaennon y c+pon+enrnrx pa6onnx... Onn cnokonno n rpomko o+ne+nnn nc+pennrm
nonpocom: "He nce nn panno, ns nero cenano monnmo? 3+o snynn+ samena+enrno
cnnrno n, no6anok, ne rnn+, kak epeno"...
<c+p. 229>
...Heckonrknmn mnny+amn nose, nocne +oro, kak nananocr nenne, ycnrman
ronoc o+nenammero monnmo, cnonno 6r ono npe6rnano camo no ce6e n rny6nne neca.
Men 6onee ne cmymano +o, n+o .+o+ nnc+pymen+ 6rn npoc+o noonpononon +py6on,
no+omy n+o +enepr, kora ne mor nne+r ero, nonn npano+y nonynennoro
o6rcnenn. Bnynanneno+ n+o nano. Mynnnr n narepe nenn, n ronoc monnmo
o+knnkanc na nx nenne, nenpeprnno nepememacr n, kasanocr, n karn momen+
naxocr ncmy. [5]

Xpnc+nancknn +eonor Haynr Tnnnnx, co cnoen c+oponr, pasmrmne+ o pasnnnnx
mey nnennem n cnrmannem n pennrnosnom onr+e.

Becnncnennre xpamr, pas6pocannre no ncemy mnpy, xpan+ npeme+r n
nso6paenn, nepes ko+opre mr moem nne+r Bora. Ho +o, n+o mr nnnm, .+o
nonrsaxna+rnammne, yacammne, nenpeoonnmo npn+ra+enrnre n cnoen
co6nasnn+enrnon kpaco+e nnn paspymn+enrnon momn... Mr npnxonm n nx xpamr,
cosepnaem nx, o6rennemc c nnmn n nonnom o+kase o+ ce6, a sa+em yxonm
onyc+omennre, o+nanmnec, ynnn+oennre. Bo+ nonemy cnrmanne
npo+nnonoc+anne+c nnennm. Bo+ nonemy cnona n cnona nso6paenn
ynnn+oam+c, xpamr cnram+c, n Bora nmenym+ Beckonennon Besnon. [6]

Pennrnosnrn onr+, yxonnre nonckn A6conm+noro neo+remnemr o+ nepennann
snyka n npoc+panc+ne, o ko+opom nenn+enn mysrkn kak nckycc+na mornn sa6rna+r n +enenne
onrnx nepnoon nc+opnn, nocnpnnnma e kak nnemnnn o6rek+, pas n nancera
saqnkcnponannoe snykonoe noc+poenne. H +onrko nepes nepennanne npoc+panc+nennoro
6r+n snyka mysrka nepec+a+ 6r+r o6rek+om n c+anon+c nocpennkom nc+nnnon
nap+nnnnannn.
Bnyk, nocnpnnnmaemrn ne cam no ce6e, a kak snynamee npoc+panc+no, nrxon+ sa
npeenr ncknmnn+enrno cnyxonrx omymennn. Kak ckasano n sen 6ync+ckon cy+pe
Cypanrama, n +akon cn+yannn yxo ne +onrko cnrmn+, no n nnn+, o6one+ n ocsae+... Hee
nperpar mey nync+nennrmn qynknnmn ncnesam+... Tora nosnnkae+ nepennanne,
nasrnaemoe "conepmennrm cnnnnem". [7]
n nenoneka n coc+onnn men+annn, n ynac+nnka pennrnosnoro pn+yana
snynamee npoc+panc+no c+anonn+c cnmennrm. 3+o +o, n+o ckprnae+c sa +epmnnom
+2*3Q-2. Hoo6no pyrnm pennnm non+nm, ono o6pocno pasnnnnrmn snanennmn. Fpekn
nasrnann +2*3Q-230; ok+annoe ynoenne ronocon n xope; n npnmenennn k
rpnropnanckomy xopany an+nqonamn nasrnanncr kan+nknn, o6pamnnmne ncanm, a nose
oco6oro cknaa komnosnnnn, nknmnanmnec n meccy. Cnennqnneckn mysrkanrnre
snanenn .+oro cnona sacnonm+ ero npmon cmrcn: an+nqon .+o o6men
<c+p. 230>
nponosrnamennmn n o+ne+amn na nnx, snykonoe nsanmoenc+nne mey nym rpynnamn
ynac+nnkon enc+na, npenonarammee nx cnmnonnneckym npoc+panc+nennym paso6mnnoc+r.
Takon cmrcn an+nqona n n penneenpenckon, n n xpnc+nanckon nn+yprnx.
Ono ns pennenmnx cnne+enrc+n o6 an+nqone n cakpanrnom npoc+panc+ne
coepn+c n Bn6nnn. Fo+oncr nnec+n cnon napo nepes peky Hopan n o6e+onannym
semnm, n+o6r sakpenn+r annrn emy sakon n nac+noc+n, sanpe+ ena+r cnmennre
nso6paenn,...sanonean Moncen napoy n enr +o+, ronop: Cnn onnr c+a+r na rope
Fapnsnm, n+o6r 6narocnonn+r napo, kora nepen+e Hopan... A cnn onnr c+a+r na rope
Fenan, n+o6r 7.-3@2-43*J npokn+ne... henn+r nosrnac+ n ckay+ ncem Hspannr+nam
rpomknm ronocom: "Hpokn+, k+o cenae+ nsnannrn nnn nn+rn kymnp, mepsoc+r nepe
Focnoom, nponsneenne pyk xyonnka..." (B+op.: 27; 11-15). Momnre ankne xopr
6narocnonennn c mra n npokn+nn c cenepa, noonepno ornamanmne mnpokym onnny
mey ropamn, .+o+ nnena+nmmnn pn+yan nocnmenn n nepy n semnm o6e+onannym
ne mor ne oc+ann+r nensrnanmrn cne n ero ynac+nnkax, ko+opre, o+nena Amnnr na
kaoe nponosrnamenne, c+anonnnncr nac+rm nonoro cnmennoro mnpa.
An+nqon c+an onnm ns nan6onee cymec+nennrx komnonen+on xpnc+nanckoro
pn+yana, n n cnom nccneonannn an+nqona Venit ad Petrum Manqpe Bykoqnep nonpknnae+
ero cnmnonnneckoe snanenne:

Hpee, nem o6pa+n+rc k mysrke .+oro an+nqona, mr onnr kocny+rc ero
nn+yprnnecknx acnek+on, ko+opre nanr ne +onrko camn no ce6e, no n n mysrkn...
An+nqon cnsan c pn+yanom omonenn c+ynnen na Cn+on neene, yc+anonnennrm n
nam+r +oro qak+a, n+o Hncyc omrn c+ynnn cnonx anoc+onon no npem Tannon nenepn
(Hoann: 13)... Tekc+ cocpeo+onen na nanore mey He+pom n Hncycom; neko+opre
nonec+nona+enrnre nac+n nrnymenr, n nx cnona nepeym+c nenocpec+nenno. Cpen
nnx ec+r na nanrx y+nepenn: "Ecnn ne omom +e6, ne nmeemr nac+n co Mnom"
n "Focnon! He +onrko norn mon, no n pykn n ronony" [8-9)... Omonenne c+ynnen 6rno
ne +onrko ak+om cmnpenn, no n acconnnponanocr no mnornx ne pnmcknx
enomnnannx c o6nac+rm cakpanrnoro, n nac+noc+n, c +annc+nom kpemenn.
Omonenne c+ynnen coc+anne+ nac+r o6pa kpemenn n mosapa6ckon, rannnkanckon,
am6posnanckon, npnanckon, aqpnkanckon n neko+oprx Boc+onnrx nepknax. [8]

3+n ne, c+onr necxone cn+yannn, poc+nennr no cnoemy snanennm. Hapo, neomrn
Monceem, nepes o6men rpomonoo6nrmn nosrnacamn, nepymmne xpnc+nane nepes o6p
omrnann nor c+anon+c npnnac+nrmn Bory nepes Bemnm n Bakon nnn nepes
<c+p. 231>
Hncyca Xpnc+a. Hpesnrnanno pasnre cn+yannn coepa+ o6mnn .nemen+: snynanne,
cnmnonnneckn cnsrnammee npoc+panc+nenno paso6mennrx ynac+nnkon enc+na.
Pecnoncopnoe nenne, npn ko+opom xop o+nenae+ kopnqem nnn na xopa
o6mennnam+c menonnecknmn qpasamn, cymec+nye+, kak nsnec+no, no mnornx mysrkanrnrx
kynr+ypax Kn+a, Tn6e+a, Cenepnon n Hen+panrnon Aqpnkn, apa6cknx c+pan, Fpennn n n
+pannnx cnanncknx napoon. 3+o+ +nn nenn ynomnnae+c n neko+oprx +pyax, no ero
cmrcn, nny+pennne mo+nnr n .qqek+r peko npnnnekann k ce6e nnnmanne. Onn ns +aknx
kommen+apnen, npnnaneamnn Kyp+y Bakcy, kae+c nonepxnoc+nrm n po6knm:

An+nqonn nponsnon+ oco6enno saxna+rnammee nnena+nenne n cnny +oro, n+o
6naroap npoc+panc+nennomy npo+nnoc+onnm nyx nonyxopon ona spnmo cnsrnae+
mysrkanrnym cnmme+pnm c apxn+ek+ypnon. [9]

Ha .+o+ cn+ +eonorn 6onee cnonooxo+nnnr. Onn ronop+ nam, n+o an+nqon .+o
nmn+ann konnep+a anrenon, n ko+opom xepynnmr n cepaqnmr coc+sam+c n
nocxnanennx Tnopna nepe Ero +ponom, kak .+o mono nne+r no mnoec+ne nkon n
nnonncnrx nono+en. Mysrka, +nopnma nenonekom, anno ye o6pena an+onomnm n 6onee
ne paccma+pnnae+c kak nmn+ann anrenrcknx konnep+on, kak npno6menne k
6oec+nennomy nanany, no nn+yprn nnonr n nnonr noccosa+ nepnoponrn ak+
nap+nnnnannn. dnsnneckoe npoc+panc+no pn+yana c+anonn+c cakpanrnrm. Ono
npenpamae+c n nnnmoe, cnrmnmoe noo6ne ncenennon, n nkonnrn o6pas peanrnoc+n,
cosanaemon nepon. Bce nync+nennre nocnpn+n cnnnam+c, n+o6r no+nepn+r
cnmennoc+r .+oro npoc+panc+na. Ero onnosnnn okpyammemy npoqannomy mnpy
nonpknnae+c nepa+nnecknm srkom 6orocnyenn, nso6paennmn n nkonamn, ec+amn
n oennmn cnmennnkon, nne+nrmn nn+paamn, 6narononnmn, nkycom npnnac+n n,
nomnmo +oro, nonnamn onro ne y+nxammnx snynannn ronocon n nnc+pymen+on, ko+opre ne
+onrko npnno+ n +pene+ ymn nepymmnx, no sac+annm+ nx +ena n camo npoc+panc+no
nn6pnpona+r n ynncon.
B .+om cnmnonnneckom mnkpokocme n cnom oneper o+paae+c onnosnnn
cakpanrnoro n npoqannoro. Hn+eprep xpama nqqepennnponan na cnmennoe an+apnoe
npoc+panc+no n mnpckoe npoc+panc+no konrperannn. Hx onnosnnn nmena 6r ne 6onrme
cmrcna, nem coo+nomenne .c+par n mec+ n ny6nnkn n konnep+nom nnn onepnom sane,
ecnn 6r e ne onnnn an+nqonnrn o6men penn+npymmnx n nommnx ronocon,
nponosrnamennn n o+ne+on. Hpoc+panc+nennrm cnmnonnsmom, nonnamn snynannn,
nnymnxc no
<c+p. 232>
nc+pennrx nanpannennx, npeoonenae+c cn+yann o+nynnoc+n n paso6mnnoc+n
ynac+nnkon, n yxonna peanrnoc+r, n ko+opon onn nny+, nnonr o6pe+ae+ ennc+no.
Hac+oma pn+yannc+nnecka nap+nnnnann c+anonn+c nosmonon +onrko n
cnmnonnneckn npeo6pannom npoc+panc+ne n nnamnnnom cnnonom none, renepnpyemom
camnmn ynac+nnkamn, ko+opoe n+rnnae+ nx n konnek+nnnoe +annc+no. ae nsr+rn ns
pn+yanrnoro kon+ekc+a, an+nqon coxpane+ cnon cnmnonnneckne n npoc+panc+nennre
konno+annn, onnpammnec na ero mysrkanrnoe noc+poenne n coepanne +ekc+a. An+nqon
Venit ad Petrum oc+a+c cnmnonom npnnamenn Xpnc+y, xo+ 6r ero ncnonnenne n ne
conponoanocr omrnannem c+ynnen.
Pasymee+c, n +aknx cnynax cnmnonnneckne snanenn peannsym+c nnn oc+am+c
nesamenennrmn n sanncnmoc+n o+ nocnmnnoc+n n nonnennnoc+n npncy+c+nymmero o+
ero opnen+annn na .c+e+nneckoe nocnpn+ne n cyenne nnn na camoo+any n coynac+nn.
ae 6naronec+nnre npnxoane nepeko necrma nync+nn+enrnr k .c+e+nneckomy o6nnky
pn+yana, +ora kak pn+yan, npec+annemrn na onepnon cnene nnn knno.kpane, nnora
nopoae+ nc+nnnym nap+nnnnannm; +ak no npem onoro ns cnek+aknen onepr Pnmckoro-
Kopcakona Ckasanne o nennnmom rpae Kn+ee rpynna c+apoo6pnen n sane npyr
npncoennnnacr k nennm na cnene, a knnopenccp Cepren Hapaanon 6rn nopan,
o6napynn npn nokase qnnrma Hne+ rpana+a n apmnckon epenne, n+o n onpeennnrn
momen+ spn+enn-kpec+rne c+ann monn+rc.
Tpak+yemrn kak nnc+o komnosnnnonnrn npnm, an+nqon nnmae+c cnmnonnneckoro
snanenn. An+nqonna nepeknnnka xopon n +px ns mec+n Mo+e+on Baxa nnn nyx
opkec+pon n xopon n C+pac+x no Ma+qem ne nnocn+ n qnsnneckoe npoc+panc+no
nsmepenne cakpanrnoc+n. H, nanpo+nn, kora n npomnom neke komnosn+opr nonr+anncr
nospon+r cnmnonnsm an+nqona, cnyma+enr namn ce6 n +pancqopmnponannom
npoc+panc+ne conepmenno pyrnx nsmepennn. Ono 6onee ne npoc+npanocr o+ ero +onkn n
mnpckom npoc+panc+ne k cnmnonnneckomy cakpanrnomy nen+py, no npec+anano n
nep+nkanrnon npo+nnoc+n, re semnoe n ne6ecnoe coo+nocnnncr kak nns n nepx.
uacvnnk +annc+na n cakpannsonannom npoc+panc+ne npenpa+nnc n spnvenn
anneropnneckoro npec+annenn.
Bepnnos n Bepn n cnonx Peknnemax npenncrnam+ pasmemenne ononnn+enrnon
rpynnr menrx yxonrx nnc+pymen+on na xopax +ak, n+o6r +py6r C+pamnoro Cya n
Tuba Minim cnrmanncr cnepxy, kak 6r c ne6ec. Bonee nsompnnym, +pxmepnym +pak+onky
akyc+nneckoe npoc+panc+no nonynae+ n Boennom peknne-
<c+p. 233>
me Bpn++ena. B .+om neo6rnnom connnennn n o6mym pamy +pannnonnon saynokonnon
meccr nkpannenr nokanrnre .nnsor na c+nxn Ynnqpea Oy.na no.+a, norn6mero
monorm n Hepnon mnponon nonne. Fonoca connc+on-cona+ n conponoammero nx
kamepnoro opkec+pa onoc+c c anancnenr, nn+yprnneckne pasenr nepememam+ nen+p
enc+nn n e rny6nny, re pacnonoenr ocnonnre ncnonnn+enrckne cnnr meccr, a
nnymammne naey n y+emenne snynann xopa manrnnkon n nop+a+nnnoro oprana
onoc+c c xopon, nockonrky, kak ykasrnae+ komnosn+op, onn onnr cnrma+rc n
o+anennn, [10] noo6no ronocam anrenon. Oco6enno kpacnopennnrm 6rn n .+om cmrcne
maneponcknn samrcen, o ko+opom komnosn+op pacckasan n onon ns 6ece n anpene 1898
roa:

B xo+en 6r kak-nn6yr ncnonnn+r n Bene "C+pac+n no Ma+qem" c nym
o6oco6nennrmn opkec+pamn onnm cnpana, pyrnm cnena, c nym +ak e
pasennnrmn xopamn n em c +pe+rnm, ko+oprm onna c+a+r cama o6mnna,
ny6nnka, n ko+oprn nyno 6rno 6r pasmec+n+r re-nn6yr n pyrom mec+e. K +omy
e nanepxy, y oprana, noc+annn 6r em xop manrnnkon, n+o6r nx ronoca
onocnnncr kak 6r c ne6a. Tr ynnnmr, kakoe nonynn+c nnena+nenne, ecnn nonpoc n
o+ne+ 6yy+ snyna+r o+enrno n ne 6yy+, kak +enepr, nepememanr, +onno pena c
6o+non. [11]

Hamepenne Manepa nospon+r nn+yprnneckym +pak+onky 6axoncknx Haccnonon,
npenpa+n+r cnyma+enen n ynac+nnkon mnc+epnn ne 6rno n, nepo+no, ne morno 6r+r
ocymec+nneno. O+nomenne k npoc+panc+ny n enponenckon kynr+ype nno nsmennnocr.
* * *
Cneye+ nn nne+r n .+om nonopo+e na 90 rpaycon n npenpamennn
ropnson+anrnoro cakpanrnoro npoc+panc+na npnnac+noc+n n nep+nkanrnoe anneropnneckoe
npoc+panc+no cosepnann npnsnak ckonrko-nn6yr cymec+nennoro nsmenenn kynr+ypnrx
c+epeo+nnon n nennoc+en? Takoe npenonoenne moe+ nrsna+r mnoec+no nospaennn.
He6eca ncera cnmnonnsnponann yxonnoc+r, cne+ n cn+oc+r, a semn rpexonnym nno+r,
+rmy n cmep+r. Takono coo+nomenne nepxnero n nnnero npoc+panc+n n nkonax n
pennrnosnon nnonncn, n apxn+ek+ype co6opon n nepknen n ae n srke, kora mr ronopnm
c mopanrnom naennn nnn nrcoknx oc+onnc+nax nenoneka.
Ho-nnnmomy, +o e nsmepenne nannnec+nye+ n noo6paaemom npoc+panc+ne +onon
c ero cne+nrmn nrcoknmn n +mnrmn nnsknmn pernc+pamn, nocxomnm n nncxomnm
nnennmn, ko+o-
<c+p. 234>
prmn n 6ecnncnennrx cnynax cnmnonnsnpym+c normr nnn cnar n yxonnom,
qnsnneckom nnn .monnonanrnom nsmepennn.
Mono c ynepennoc+rm y+nepa+r, n+o nep+nkanrnoe nsmepenne yxonnoc+n
ynnnepcanrno n nceo6me. 3+o ne n+o nnoe, kak cy6nnmann onr+a cymec+nonann n
qnsnneckom mnpe, n ko+opom mr ncnr+rnaem n npeoonenaem cnnr semnoro +ro+enn,
myckynrnrmn ycnnnmn nsmepem pacc+onn, pasnnnaem cne+ n +rmy.
Hs .+oro ynnnepcanrnoro onr+a n poam+c no.+nneckne, yxonnre n
pennrnosnre me+aqopr, anneropnn n cnmnonr. Onn cymec+nym+ n noo6paaemom
nnsyanrnom npoc+panc+ne, n o+ konkpe+noc+n neponannn sanncn+, npoc+npae+c nn ono nnepx
k ne6ecnomy Bory- O+ny, nnn nnns n rny6nnr Ma+epn-Hpnpor. B xpnc+nancknx
6orocnyennx nnc+o+a n cn+oc+r cnmnonnsnpym+c napmnm nckan+onrm snynannem
e+cknx ronocon, +ora kak +n6e+ckne monaxn penn+npym+ n nemrcnnmo nnskom pernc+pe.
Hpnmena+enrno, n+o n amkenasnncknx cnnarorax an+apr, c ko+oporo nn+ae+c Topa,
naxon+c na nosnrmennn, a n ceqapcknx on onymen nne yponn nona.
Onako yxonnoe nnenne, kak 6r ono nn 6rno an+onomno, coxpane+ cnonc+na
spn+enrnoro onr+a: yxonnoe oko coc+on+ n poc+ne c rnasom. Cmo+pe+r n nne+r snann+
nocnpnnnma+r kap+nny okpyammero mnpa, n ko+opon cmo+pmnn ne nnn+ ce6 camoro.
Ynne+r ce6 n .+on kap+nne on moe+, +onrko c+an o6rek+om n camoro ce6
nocpec+nom camoo+c+panenn n camoonenkn. Hmenno .+n anann+nneckne onepannn,
npncymne spennm n enammne ero c+onr conepmennrm nnc+pymen+om o6rek+nnnoro
na6nmenn, ncknmnam+ nap+nnnnannm, ko+opa c+anonn+c nosmonon +onrko +ora,
kora nc+annn n pasnnnne mey cy6rek+om n o6rek+om ncnesam+.
Kynr+ypnre my+annn, noo6nre nepenocy aknen+a c ropnson+anrnoro cnyxonoro
npoc+panc+na na nep+nkanrnoe nnsyanrnoe, o6rek+nnno +pyno okasyemr n ne noam+c
ckonrko-nn6yr +onnon a+nponke. Onn menenno nponcxo+ na sanem nnane, sa-cnonmre
6onee mo6nnrnrmn n nnrmn nsmenennmn. Hepemena n nocnpn+nn npoc+panc+na
c+anonn+c 6onee onennnon n kon+ekc+e nn+enrnoro nepexoa o+ onoro kynr+ypnoro +nna
k pyromy o+ 6ecnncrmennon arpapnon kynr+ypr k ropockon nnnnnnsannn.

Herpamo+noe cenrckoe nacenenne nne+ n ocnonnom n mnpe snyka n o+nnnne o+
sananrx enponennen, nen mnp npenmymec+nenno nnsyanen. Bnykn .+o n nsnec+nom
cmrcne nnenn nnamnnnre nnn, no menrmen mepe, npnsnakn nnamnnnrx nnennn
nnenn, co6r+nn, ak+nnnoc+n,no o+nomennm k ko+oprm ne samnmennrn o+
onacnoc+en nenonek onen 6r+r noc+onno nac+opoe... Mnp sny-
<c+p. 235 >
ka .+o mnp, nonnrn nenocpec+nennoro, nnnnoro snanenn n cnymammero, +ora
kak sananrn enponeen nne+ 6onee nnn menee n nnsyanrnom mnpe, k ko+opomy on, n
o6mem, 6espasnnnen. [12]

Fonop 6onee konkpe+no, .+o+ cnnr napy c nenrm pom pyrnx kapnnanrnrx
nepemen cnsan c ncnesnonennem nocnennx o+ronockon cpennx nekon, pacnne+om
kynr+ypr Peneccanca n nananom 6apokko. Ha npo+ennn npnmepno ne+rpx c+one+nn na (
meny cakpanrnomy mnpy nepaccyammen nepr, pn+yannsonannoro 6r+a n konnek+nnnon
nap+nnnnannn n +annc+ne nsnn npnmn cne+cknn mnp Pasyma, rymannc+nnecknx neanon,
ney+onnmon nm6osna+enrnoc+n n npeknonenn nepe naynnrm snannem.
I3.4A-0 7.-4*.+24*,-
Hc+opnkn nepeko ykasrnam+ na 1600 ro kak na onn ns camrx nanrx
noopasenon n .nonmnnn sananoro nckycc+na. 3+a kpyrna nnqpa, pasymee+c, ycnonna:
nonre +enennnn saponnncr mnoro panrme n okonna+enrno cnonnncr snann+enrno nose
.+on a+r. H nc e na py6ee XVII c+one+n nannnann nc+opnneckon nanoc+n 6rnn
oco6enno o6nnrnrmn.
Poenne onepr n opa+opnn, nosnnknonenne konnep+non +pannnn, nonnenne
romoqonno-rapmonnneckoro c+nn, c+nnen recitativo n rappresentativo, poc+ snanenn n
yenrnoro neca nnc+pymen+anrnon, a sa+em opkec+ponon mysrkn, pasnn+ne qyrn n pyrnx
ynnqnnnponannrx, ocnonannrx na cnmme+pnn mysrkanrnrx qopm +akonr 6rnn nan6onee
nsnec+nre n oco6o nanre nonmec+na .+oro nepenomnoro npemenn.
Kaoe ns nnx n nce onn, nmec+e ns+re, mory+ nen+o ckasa+r nam o nepemene
mnponocnpn+n, ncnxonornnecknx yc+anonok n cnc+emr nennoc+en, n nose mr ynnnm,
kak .+a nepemena nonnnna na npoc+panc+nennre nsmepenn mysrkanrnoro onr+a. Ho cennac
penr non+ o qenomene, oco6enno narnno o+pasnnmem nonoe o+nomenne k akyc+nneckomy
npoc+panc+nyo mnoroxopnon mysrke.
Anp. Morap, qpannyscknn ckpnnan, no6rnanmnn n 1639 roy n H+annn,
pacckasrnae+ o konnep+e mnoroxopnon mysrkn n Pnme kak o6 onom ns cnonx camrx
cnnrnrx nnena+nennn:

B npoc+opnon nepknn no o6e c+oponr o+ nrcokoro an+ap naxonnncr na oprana n
nnmn n mysrkan+on. Eme nocemr nnm, nocrmn nnn en+n qy+on nrmnnon, 6rnn
pacnonoenr no ne+rpe c kaon
<c+p. 236>
c+oponr nnnnoro neqa na pannrx pacc+onnx pyr o+ pyra. B kaon nomemanc
xop co cnonm opranom-nop+a+nnom. npnp, okpynnrn o+6opnrmn nennamn,
saanan +emn nepnomy xopy. Y kaoro ns oc+anrnrx xopon 6rn cnon npnp,
cnennmnn sa ec+amn nepnoro, a6r +emn 6rn ennrm, n nnk+o ns ncnonnn+enen ne
o+c+anan. Hrmnrn kon+panynk+ nso6nnonan npekpacnrmn menonmn n npn+nrmn
penn+a+nnamn. Bo+ ns nepnoro xopa cnrmn+c cono conpano, a pyroe conpano
o+nenae+ emy ns +pe+rero, ne+np+oro nnn ec+oro xopa. Bo+ na, +pn, ne+rpe nnn
n+r ronocon ns pasnrx xopon nom+ nmec+e, a sa+em nce xopr noonepno non+opm+
c+poqyonn sa pyrnm. H nnonr conepnnnam+ na xopa, a na pyrnx nm o+nenam+...
Hakonen, nce ec+r xopon o6rennm+c n Gloria Patri. Hpnsnamcr, nnkora ne
ncnr+rnan +akoro noc+opra, kak npn .+om ncnonnennn. [13]

Hpak+nka ncnonrsonann nyx nnn 6onee npoc+panc+nenno paso6mnnrx xopon nnn
npoc+panc+nennoro pasenenn onoro xopa (coro spezzato) nosnnkna n nepnon nononnne XVI
neka n npnnncrnae+c Pyqqnno Bap+onynnn, +oramnemy mysrkanrnomy npek+opy
Hayanckoro co6opa n Cenepnon H+annn. Ho oc+nrny+r nac+omero pacnne+a mnoroxopnon
mysrke 6rno cyeno n co6ope Cn+oro Mapka n Benennn.
Becr n 1550 roy maestro di capella qnamanen Apnan Bnnnap+ connnnn n
ncnonnn Salmi spezzati n nocrmnronocnoro xopa, pasennnoro na na nonyxopa, ko+opre
nomemanncr no o6e c+oponr neqa. Ynnkanrna nnannponka co6opa Cn+oro Mapka cama no
ce6e morna nanec+n na mrcnr o noo6nom .kcnepnmen+e. Brcokne npoc+opnre ranepen,
pasennnre 20-me+ponon mnpnnr nnnnrm neqom, ocnamenr 6onrmnmn opranamn (nepnrn
6rn nepec+poen, a n+opon yc+anonnen n 1490 roy). Tpe+nn opran no rnannrm kynonom
nonnnc n 1588 roy.
B .+on apxn+ek+ypno ap+nkynnponannon, akyc+nneckn 6ora+on cpee n+opon
oprannc+ Anpea Fa6pn.nn, a sa+em ero nnemnnnk-ynennk onannn Fa6pn.nn npoonann
nccneona+r nrpasn+enrnre nosmonoc+n snyka n npoc+panc+ne. Hx o+kpr+n npnnnekann
ne +onrko n+anrnnen nponamo ako66n n hoonnko Bnaany, no n nemnen heo
Xaccnepa, Mnxa.n Hpe+opnyca, Camy.n Een+a n Fenpnxa Em+na, ko+opre cresanncr
cma, n+o6r nepen+r onr+ cnonx nenennancknx co6pa+ren.
Mono nnmr ynnn+rc +omy, n+o nc+opnn sananon mysrkn, n nynmem cnynae,
6erno kacam+c .+nx .knepnmen+on, a nnora nonnoc+rm o6xo+ nx (nanpnmep, n 1100-
c+pannnnom +pye Hona Fenpn hanra Mysrka n sananon nnnnnnsannn o mnoroxopnon
mysrke ne+ nn ennoro ynomnnann).
<c+p. 237>
Bo+ ononrno pekoe onncanne, ko+opoe a+ neko+opoe npec+annenne o nennoc+n
nonon +pak+onkn akyc+nneckoro npoc+panc+na n mnoroxopnon mysrke:

onannn mnoromy naynnnc y cnoero n Anpea, no npensomn n ero, n ncex
cnonx conpemennnkon n npemec+nennnkon 6neckom snykonrx kpacok, ko+oporo on
oc+nran coennennem mnoec+na ronocon n nnc+pymen+on n nnena+nmmnm
ncnonrsonannem rpynn nennon c nnc+pymen+anrnrm conponoennem nnn 6es nero...
Kpaconnoc+r n snynanne snannnn n nero mnoro 6onrme, nem n nm6oro
komnosn+opa ero nnn npemec+nymmero nokonenn... Honn-xoponre connnenn
cosananncr n nso6nnnn, npoc+npacr o+ nyx nnn ne+rpx 4-ronocnrx xopon o
o6rnnrx connnennn c nncnom ronocon, oc+nranmnm nana+n. B neko+oprx ns
nnx, n o+c+ynnenne o+ npnn+on +ora npak+nkn, npenncrnanncr onpeennnre
akkomnannpymmne nnc+pymen+r, nknmna violini piccolo (ckpnnkn), violini (anr+r),
6aconre nnonr, kopne+r, qaro+r n +pom6onr. B onon ns nrec, Suscipe
clementissime, 6-ronocnrn xop conoc+anne+c c ancam6nem ns mec+n +pom6onon;
pyra, camoe 6nec+mee ns ero connnennn, in Ecclesiis, nanncana n nyx 4-
ronocnrx xopon, knap+e+a connc+on, oprana n opkec+pa, coc+omero ns nnon, +px
kopne+on n nyx +pom6onon. [14]

Baxna+rnammne nccneonann nosmonoc+en mysrkanrnoro snynann n
penep6epnpymmem npoc+panc+ne ne +onrko nnecnn n komnosn+opcknn samrcen nonoe,
+em6pono-kpaconnoe nsmepenne, nononn +em camrm nanano nckycc+ny opkec+ponoro
nncrma, no npnnenn n k pyrnm nononneennm. onannn Fa6pn.nn nepnrm c+an
nonrsona+rc nnamnnecknmn kon+pac+amn; ero snamenn+a Sonata Pian e Forte n menrx n
ckpnnkn n Canzon in Echo n nyx 5-ronocnrx nnc+pymen+anrnrx ancam6nen n nyx
opranon npenocxn+nnn onn ns nsnm6nennrx .qqek+on komnosn+opon .noxn Bapokko.
Bonee +oro, nockonrky onroe 6-cekynnoe .xo n co6ope Cn+oro Mapka npenpa+nno 6r
cnonym kon+panynk+nneckym +kanr n snykonon xaoc, onannn nepemennn manepy: c+nnr
+ekynnx ropnson+anrnrx menonnecknx nnnnn yc+ynnn mec+o c+nnm maccnnnrx,
komnak+nrx akkoponrx nep+nkanen, o+kprn ny+r rapmonnn c e ocnonnrmn
qynknnonanrnrmn o+nomennmn mey akkopamn.
B nenom, .+o+ nponecc nn k 6onee npoc+omy, pemn+enrnomy, pama+nneckn
nnena+nmmemy c+nnm. Hn+epecno, n+o cnoen kynrmnnannn pasnn+ne mnoroxopnon mysrkn
oc+nrno n connnennx komnosn+opon pnmckon mkonr, necmo+p na nx 6onrmym
koncepna+nnnoc+r, npnnepennoc+r k nn+yprnnecknm qopmam n nonnqonnneckomy c+nnm.
Meccr n mec+nana+n, nana+n ne+rpx n 6onee ronocon ne 6rnn pekoc+rm; xopr
nncnom o nocrmn pasme-
<c+p. 238>
manncr no ncemy rnran+ckomy nny+pennemy npoc+panc+ny co6opa Cn+oro He+pa. Camrm
omenomnmmnm nnoom .+oro +ak nasrnaemoro konoccanrnoro 6apokko nnnacr
npasnnnna mecca n nocrmn xopon, nacnn+rnammnx 54 nap+nn, n nyx opranon,
connnnna Opanno Benenonn n 1628 roy, ko+oprn, kak samenae+ Kyp+ Bakc, 6rn
necomnenno ononen, ynnen e nsannym nap+n+ypy non+n n p nrco+on. [15]
Kak 6r nnymn+enrno nn nrrnenn noo6nre nap+n+ypr, onn nosnonm+ nnmr
orarna+rc o +om, n+o 6onee ncero nopaano cnyma+enen. Hsynenne nx +onrko c +onkn
spenn qopmr n c+nn o6xon+ camoe cymec+nennoe n cnennqnnnoe n .+on mysrke:
nync+nennoe nosenc+nne e snynann. Hpo6ynnmnnc nn+epec k nonno+e, 6ora+c+ny n
kpaconnomy pasnoo6pasnm nenocpec+nenno, xo+ n nenno, nnnn na c+nnr: c ynennnennem
nncna nap+nn n nno+noc+n qak+ypr mysrkanrnre cpec+na n qopmanrnre npnmr
c+anonnnncr nc 6onee npoc+rmn n npospannrmn. Mysrka noknana neanrnrn mnp
kon+panynk+nnecknx c+pyk+yp, n ocnonnom apeconannrx nn+ennek+y, n+o6r c+a+r nac+rm
ma+epnanrnoro mnpa nnena+nmmen qnsnneckon peanrnoc+rm, o6pamennon k nync+nam.
Mnoroxopnre konnep+r npenpamann noncenennoe, noo6no nosyxy, ne samenaemoe,
qnsnneckoe npoc+panc+no n nc+onnnk nonrx rny6oknx nepennannn.
Hpecrmennre ncemn anrnenmnmn npnknmnennmn mysrkn n npoc+panc+ne, mr
ena nn moem noo6pasn+r, kaknm nonnymmnm o+kpr+nem n nmen +oro npemenn
okasanocr nnesanno onnmee +pxmepnoe npoc+panc+no, sanonnennoe maccnnnrmn
snynannmn ronocon n nnc+pymen+on, npnxomnmn co ncex c+opon, ymnoennrmn .xom.
Camo .+o o6nonaknnammee, nn6pnpymmee npoc+panc+no c+ano mysrkon, ko+opym +enepr
mono 6rno ne +onrko cnrma+r, no n ocsa+r, omy+n+r ncem +enom, npocnen+r nsrnom,
ynne+r nsny+pn no mnoec+ne pakypcon n co mnoec+na +onek.
3+y kapnnanrnym nepemeny ena nn mono cnec+r cnynannrm nso6pe+ennem
ne6onrmon rpynnr nepkonnrx mysrkan+on, pemnnmnx omenomn+r conpemennnkon.
Hpannnrnee onyc+n+r, n+o ona o+nenana nekon naspenmen neo6xonmoc+n, nsmennnmemyc
yxy kynr+ypr n no+omy 6rna npnn+a c ro+onnoc+rm n .n+ysnasmom.
Paccma+pnna .+o nonmec+no n kon+ekc+e .nonmnnn enponenckon mysrkn, mr
moem npocnen+r ero nperc+opnm n renesnc. Ho n+o6r non+r ero nenocpec+nennre
mo+nnr, neo6xonmo nepecenr rpannnr, o+enmmne mysrky o+ pyrnx nckycc+n, n
nckycc+na o+ nsnn. B .+om cnynae o6napynnae+c cnsr mey nosnnknonennem
mnoroxopnon mysrkn n nn+enrnrm o6mnm nponeccom
<c+p. 239>
cekynpnsannn n cencyannsannn na Banae, nnk ko+oporo npnmnc na nanano XVII neka.
Ananornnna cn+yann nosnnkna n nnonncn +oro e nepnoa, ko+opa na
npo+ennn nemnornx ec+nne+nn pemn+enrno o+omna o+ +pannnonnon nyxmepnon
cnmnonnneckon komnosnnnn n o6pa+nnacr k nnnmsopnon +pxmepnon nepcnek+nne. He 6es
no+kn nsymnenn, Bnrqnnn nonpknnae+, n+o em n konne npemec+nymmero c+one+n
ocnonnrm npnnnnnom 6rno cone+anne qopm na nnockoc+n, no n+o

npnnnnn komnosnnnn na nnane k nanany 17-ro neka 6rn oc+annen pan onpeennno
nepcnek+nnnoro +nna komnosnnnn. B nepnom cnynae na6nmanacr npnnsannoc+r k
nnockoc+n, oprannsann .nemen+on kap+nnr n nnane, napannenrnom e nnockoc+n; no
n+opom cknonnoc+r o+nneka+r rnas o+ nnana, o+6pacrna+r ero, ena+r nesame+nrm,
ononpemenno nonpknna o+nomenn mey 6nnsknm n yannnrm n sac+ann
spn+en coo+nocn+r nemn n rny6nnnom nsmepennn... Hac+ano npem, kora...
nepcnek+nnnoe pacnonoenne .nemen+on kap+nnr saronopnno. [16]

Fny6nnnoe nsmepenne ronopn+ o nemax, necrma o+nnnnrx o+ +ex, n+o spn+enr
nrnn+rnae+ ns nyxmepnon komnosnnnn, pne ncero npec+annennon nkonon. Becr
qnrypr n npeme+r npec+annenr n cnmnonnneckom pacnonoennn, na ko+oprm y
qnsnneckoro rnasa ne+ nnac+n; o+nocn+enrnre pasmepr qnrypr onpeenm+c ne
pacc+onnem, a e cnmnonnnecknm necom no cpannennm k pyrnmn qnrypamn n
npeme+amn. C nonnennem nepcnek+nnnon nnonncn qnsnnecknn rnas cenanc
sakonoa+enem n cyrn n o6nac+n komnosnnnn. Kap+nna nepec+ana 6r+r nnsyannsannen
cnmnonon nepr n o6rek+om yxonnoro cosepnann. Ona npenpa+nnacr n okno, pame
ko+oporo spn+enm npenarae+c npoc+panc+nennoe nso6paenne +oro, n+o xyonnk nnen
peanrno nnn n noo6paennn c onpeennnon, konkpe+non +onkn n +om e
npoc+panc+ne. Hepcnek+nnnre cokpamenn, nnamnnnre nosr n ec+r, chiaroscuro
(cne+o+enr) n rmka .+n n pyrne npnmr 6rnn npnsnanr nrnn+r n nonpknna+r
o6rmnoc+r n rny6nny nepcnek+nnno oprannsonannoro on+nneckoro npoc+panc+na.
ae apxn+ek+opr, npnnrnno mrcnmne n +px nsmepennx, 6rnn oepnmr
nepcnek+nnon. Onn cosanann kpynnomacm+a6nre coopyenn c 6ecnpeneen+no
nsompnnon nnannponkon, nsorny+rmn nonepxnoc+mn, nnamnnnrmn qopmamn. B
nn+eprepax nsopam o+kprnanocr mnoro6pasne pakypcon c yanammnmnc cnomn
apxn+ek+ypnrx macc n e+anen, nepeonannem cne+a n +rmr. Peanrna nepcnek+nna nnnnrx
ranepen nepeko nonynana nnnmsopnoe npoonenne n nensanon nnonncn, nknmnnnon n
apxn+ek-
<c+p. 240>
+ypnrn samrcen. Hn+eprepr ne +onrko c+anonnnncr nc 6onee npoc+opnrmn, no n
o+kprnanncr no nne, c+eka no c+ynenm mnpoknx +eppac n car n napkn. Apxn+ek+opr
c+pemnnncr ncemn cpec+namn ycnnn+r omymenne pacmnpmmeroc nnamnnnoro
npoc+panc+na, nonnenr spn+en n ak+nnnoe qnsnneckoe n .monnonanrnoe nsanmoenc+nne c
nnm.
Oco6enno kpacnopennno .+a +enennn nponnnacr n nepec+ponke c+aprx nepknen.
Hpnmena+enrna n .+om cmrcne nc+opn na+nkanckoro co6opa Cn+oro He+pa. Ona nananacr n
IV neke, kora nmnepa+op Konc+an+nn nosnnr na mornnon anoc+ona He+pa ne6onrmym
6asnnnky. Hona 6asnnnka, nknmnnnma c+apym, 6rna noc+poena n 1506 roy apxn+ek+opom
Bpaman+e. Ponno nepes c+o ne+ e nnannponka n qopme pannokonennoro rpeneckoro kpec+a
6rna nsmenena n npn6nnena k ynnnnnomy na+nnckomy kpec+y: co6op nonynnn
nennnec+nennrn neq. Hakonen, n 1657-1667 roax Bepnnnn okpynn nnomar nepe
co6opom rnran+ckon .nnnn+nneckon kononnaon, o+kprn +em camrm cakpanrnoe
npoc+panc+no co6opa no nnemnnn mnp.
Apxn+ek+ypa 6apokko o6pamena k spennm +ak e, n cymnoc+n, kak nonnxopona
mysrka k cnyxy. H +a, n pyra noposnr n conmec+no cosanann mnoromepnym,
nnamnnnym, nync+nenno 6ora+ym, pkym n mnoroo6pasnym cpey. Onn nnnncr
ma+epnanrnrm nrpaennem yxa nonoro npemenn, oc+poro ocosnann mnpa nno+n n
omymennn kak peanrnon cper o6n+ann nenoneka, osnamenonan +em camrm pasprn c
nocnennmn pennk+amn cakpanrnoro mnpa cpenenekonon kynr+ypr.
To 6rn ne npoc+o nepenoc aknen+a c yxonnoro na ma+epnanrnoe, no kapnnanrnrn
nepenopo+ n camocosnannn nenoneka, n cnc+eme nennoc+en, nsnennon nepcnek+nne,
nanpannennn ycnnnn: cmnpennrn pa6 Bonn npyr omy+nn ce6 roprm xosnnom mnpa,
naennnrm nnac+rm nokop+r, nsmen+r, kon+ponnpona+r ero. Hapy c mysrkan+amn,
xyonnkamn n apxn+ek+opamn, ko+opre, +pancqopmnpy n oprannsy qnsnneckoe
npoc+panc+no, +nopnnn nonym cpey yma n nync+n, ynnre nc+ynann n nonym o6nac+r
.kcnepnmen+on n nccneonannn, nckope nananmnx nsmen+r ma+epnanrnoe okpyenne
nenoneka, a sa+em n ero camoro.
He+ nnnero ynnn+enrnoro n +om, n+o nennknn qnsnk n ac+ponom Fannneo Fannnen,
nrn nccneonann n +eopnn npnnenn k konqnnk+y c ka+onnnecknmn nnac+mn, 6rn crnom
Bnnnenno Fannne ynac+nnka qnopen+nnckon kamepa+r, konr6enn onepr; o+en n crn
6rnn nnnmr onnm n +em e yxom. K 1590-1600 roam o+noc+c onr+r Fannne-
mnamero no nsynennm sakonon naenn +en, semnoro npn+enn n ero nan6onee nanre
ac+ponomnneckne
<c+p. 241>
o+kpr+n. B +e e ec+nne+n Hoxannec Kennep saknarnan ma+ema+nneckne ocnonr
conpemennon naynnon ac+ponomnn, nonrsycr na6nmennmn n nsmepennmn cnoero
c+apmero konnern Tnxo Bpare. Onako o+kpr+re Kennepom +pn sakona nnenn ne6ecnrx
+en n ero nonnmannn 6rnn cnsanr c ne6ecnon mexannkon ne menee +ecno, nem c Fapmonnen
mnpa necnrmnon mysrkon cqep: nayka n nckycc+no em o6n+ann n ennom mnpe, n onnx
n +ex e ymax.
Heennmrn nn+epec k qnsnneckomy mnpy, c+pemnenne omy+n+r, nepen+r,
noc+nrny+r, nsmenn+r ero ncemn oc+ynnrmn nenoneky ny+mn nekom panee pko nponnnncr
n mnororpannon e+enrnoc+n heonapo a Bnnnn nnonncna, apxn+ek+opa, mysrkan+a,
rpaanckoro n noennoro nnenepa, ynnoro n, cnepx ncero, nenoneka enc+nn. Cpen ero
conpemennnkon 6rnn n pyrne nmn enc+nn, ko+oprx onrnenne neo6r+noc+rm
pacc+nnanmeroc nepe nnmn neneomoro mnpa nonnrano na ny+emec+nn, o+kpr+ne n
nokopenne nonrx semenr. B 1492 roy Konym6 nepeck A+nan+nnecknn okean n oc+nr
Baramcknx oc+ponon, mec+r ne+ cnyc+ Backo a Fama oc+nr Hnnn, em nepes +pn roa
Amepnro Becnynnn o+kprn Knym Amepnky, a n 1519 roy Marennany non+n yanocr
conepmn+r kpyrocne+noe ny+emec+nne. Mnponon kpec+onrn noxo sananon nnnnnnsannn
nananc.
Tpyno ne ynne+r o+paenne .+nx rny6oknx nepemen n enponenckon kynr+ype XVI-
XVII nekon n camom yxe mnoroxopnoro c+nn. Em +pynee cnec+r ero nsonnponannrm
.nnsoom n nc+opnn mysrkn. Ero 6ypnrn pacnne+ npec+a+ kak n+or onroro, noc+enennoro
n cnonoro nponecca, ko+oprn nananc ne+rprm c+one+nmn panee n npoonanc nocne
+oro, kak nonna mnoroxopnon mysrkn o+c+ynnna.
Hc+okn .+oro nponecca mono cnsa+r c pasnn+nem nonnqonnn. Oc+ananmac o
cepennr XII neka nyxronocnon, ona o6pena y heonnna n Hepo+nna rnannrx qnryp
Ho+pamckon mkonr+pe+nn ronoc: +pnnnym. Onnm ns nonmec+n Ars nova n nanane XIV
neka 6rno nneenne ne+np+oro ronoca kon+pa+enopa. o konna XVI neka, nknmna
+nopnec+no Opnano n hacco n Hanec+pnnr, ne+rpxronocne oc+ananocr nopmon
kon+panynk+nneckoro nncrma, coxpannn snanenne c+anap+a n n ycnonnx rapmonnneckoro
c+nn, onako na qone .+on nopmr nosnnkann n nm6onr+nre o+knonenn. C nanana XVI
neka onn ronopnnn o nenpeoonnmom c+pemnennn k anrnenmemy ynennnennm nncna nap+nn.
on Tanepnep nac+onnnno connnn mysrky n 5- n 6-ronocnrx xopon, Fepman dnnk
nanncan meccy n 11-ronocnoro xopa, onn ns mo+e+on An+onnna Hpymen npenasnanen n
12-ronocnoro xopa, mo+e+ Xockena e Hpe n xopa, coc+omero ns 24-x nap+nn, a
mo+e+om Spem In
<c+p. 242>
alium, nanncannrm n nocrmn 5-ronocnrx xopon, Tomac Tannnc no6nn pekop,
noc+annennrn c+one+nem panee rnran+cknm kanonom n 36 ronocon Okerema. hm6onr+no,
n+o nc .+o nponcxonno em o pacnne+a mnoroxopnoro c+nn n n ycnonnx ne cnsannrx c
nnm komnosn+opcknx mkon.
C poc+om nncna nap+nn nonnqonnnecka qak+ypa nens6eno enanacr nc menee
npospannon. Onennno nn+epec komnosn+opon k e c+poron rpaqnke o+c+ynan nepe +ron k
nync+nennon nonno+e o6mero snynann. O6pasno ronop, onn o+knarnann nepo n 6panncr sa
knc+r. B c+pemnennn ycnnn+r .monnonanrnoe nosenc+nne cnoen mysrkn, onn npenpamann
ckynon npno-6enrn kon+panynk+nnecknn pncynok n kpaconnoe snykonoe nono+no.
Hemanrn nkna n .+o+ nponecc nnocnnn mysrkanrnre nnc+pymen+r. Tn+ynrnre
nnc+r mnornx komnosnnnn npeoc+annnn na nr6op ncnonnenne xopom nnn
nnc+pymen+anrnrm ancam6nem. Hepeko nokanrnre n nnc+pymen+anrnre ronoca
o6rennnncr. Kak samenae+ Hon Fenpn hanr,

B 1526 roy 3pasm [Po++epamcknn] ce+onan, n+o nepknn co+pcam+c snykamn
qnen+, yok, +py6 n +pom6onon... mqan, Okerem, O6pex+, Xocken, ha Pm, Bpymenr
n nx conpemennnkn nce onn ynnnanncr nennkonennem nnc+pymen+anrnon
snynnoc+n: opran ncera ynac+nonan n conponoennn nx xoponrx connnennn, +py6r,
+pom6onr n nn+anpr nepeko nknmnanncr n nnc+pymen+anrnrn an+ypa...
Hcnonn+r .+n komnosnnnn 6es conponoenn snann+ nnma+r nx xapak+epnon
nena+n npemenn. [17]

Bosmonoc+n nr6opa secr 6rnn orpomnre. Ye no npemena Mamo n nopnonrx
npasnec+nax nacnn+rnanocr o+ 30 o 40 pasnrx nnc+pymen+on; .+o sac+anne+
npenonon+r, n+o nap+nn y6nnponanncr. B nocneymmne npemena nncno ncnonnn+enen
kaon nap+nn nokanrnon n nnc+pymen+anrnon pocno. Xop ns 50 nennon n opkec+p ns
80 nnc+pymen+annc+on ynac+nonan n +opec+nax n Pnme n 1564 roy. Bekom nose cnnrnoe
nnena+nenne na hoka+ennn nponsnn nnoncknn opkec+p, nacnn+rnanmnn 40-50 nnon n 15-20
ckpnnok. B 1682 roy Kopennn ncnonnnn cnon Concerti grossi n Pnme cnnamn 150
mysrkan+on, a n 1785 roy nononnr non+nnn nam+r Fenen n+rm rnran+cknmn
konnep+amn n Bec+mnnc+epckom a66a+c+ne, n ko+oprx 6rnn san+r 525 ncnonnn+enen.
Pasymee+c, n noo6nrx konnep+ax npoc+panc+nennre .qqek+r cnennanrno ne
nnannponanncr, no camo spennme co+en ncnonnn+enen, pasmemnnrx na mnpokom
npoc+panc+ne, maccnnnre snynann, onocmnec c pasnrx c+opon, ne mornn ne nponsnon+r
na npncy+c+nymmnx cnnrnoe nnena+nenne.
<c+p. 243>
N2*.+A*: !.-4*.+24*,- 34F0@+0*
Fo+nneckym nonnqonnm nepeko ynoo6nm+ ro+nneckon apxn+ek+ype. B o6onx
cnynax nponsneenne mrcnnnocr kak camoc+o+enrnrn mnp, n ko+opom .nemen+r
konc+pyknnn, qopmr n o6pasr onnr 6rnn ne cmemnna+rc nnn pac+nop+rc pyr n
pyre, no oc+ana+rc o+n+nnno pasnnnnmrmn .nemen+amn mnoec+na n ennc+ne. C .+on
nenrm kon+panynk+nneckne nap+nn nrepnnanncr n pasnrx naax, kaa ns nnx
orpannnnnanacr onpeennnrm pernc+ponrm nanasonom c +em, n+o6r ronoca ne
nepecekanncr, n nnc+pymen+anrnrx ancam6nx ns6eranncr onoponre +em6pr.
B .+nx ycnonnx qnsnneckoe npoc+panc+no 6rno +annrm comsnnkom komnosn+opon;
ono nomorano nqqepennnpona+r nap+nn ne +onrko mysrkanrno, no n akyc+nneckn,
cosanano nenpeymrmnennym c+epeoqonnm, npn ko+opon snykona kap+nna sanncena o+
mec+ononoenn cnymammero noo6no +omy, kak nn+eprep ro+nneckoro co6opa no-
pasnomy nnn+c n pasnrx pakypcax n c pasnrx +onek.
B konne XVI c+one+n kon+panynk+nnecknn c+nnr knonnnc k saka+y. Ero
c+pyk+ypr +nepenn, a cno6ono +ekynne menonneckne nnnnn nannnann kpnc+annnsona+rc.
Fonoca y+pannnann camoc+o+enrnoc+r n nc 6onrme nonaann no nnac+r nonon cnnr. Hs
npoxomnx nn+epnanon mey cocennmn ronocamn, npnsnannrx o6ecnennna+r 6narosnynne
kon+panynk+nneckon +kann, nosnnkann akkoponre komnnekcr, ko+opre
c+a6nnnsnponanncr, nc+ynann n onpeennnre o+nomenn pyr c pyrom n o6pasonrnann
co6c+nennym nepapxnm. Fapmonnnecka cnc+ema o+ne+nnno sannna o cnonx npanax, n
nnac+r e nanana 6esyepno pac+n.
C .+oro momen+a n cnc+eme mysrkanrnon nornkn n oprannsannn nanana
rnanenc+nona+r nona cnna c+panna cnna, enc+nymma n nnom nnane, nem
nenocpec+nenno cnrmnmre +ona n nx cone+ann. 3nemen+ rapmonnn ne +on n ae ne
akkop, a qynknn, o6pasyema npec+ann+enmn onpeennnrx knaccon nrco+.
Ononmnnre +ona nsanmosamenemr; qynknn ne sanncn+ o+ nx a6conm+non nrco+r n
pacnonoenn n moe+ 6r+r npec+annena nm6rm ns mnoec+na akkopon, coepamnx
+ona +ex e nasnannn.
Hapaokc rapmonnn coc+on+ n +om, n+o, nockonrky qynknn ne sanncn+ o+
nenocpec+nenno annoro cnyxy o+ nrco+no onpeennnrx +onon n nn+epnanon,
ycnrma+r e nenosmono n, +em ne
<c+p. 244>
menee, mr "cnrmnm" e no ne kak snynanne, a kak kpacky, .nepre+nnecknn sap, c+peny
nek+opa. Bocnpn+ne rapmonnn em 6onee ycnone+c +em, n+o rapmonnneckne qynknnn
mory+ cymec+nona+r n enc+nona+r +onrko n pamkax co6c+nennon cnc+emr cononnnenn. B
.+on cnc+eme onn onpeenm+ nanpannenne n nnamnky mysrkanrnoro pasnn+n, nomoram+
cnyma+enm npenne+r xo mysrkanrnoro ny+emec+nn n onepnennom nmn +onanrnom
npoc+panc+ne. Cnrmanne rapmonnn onnpae+c na oco6oe, nn+ennek+yanrnoe nocnn+anne
cnyxa.
Fapmonn .+o em ne mysrka. Ona nnmr cosa+ cpey n nepcnek+nny, ko+opre
o6pe+am+ peanrnoc+r n c+anon+c oc+ynnrmn n nocnpn+n 6naroap sanonnmmnm nx
konkpe+nrm mysrkanrnrm o6rek+am menonm n akkopam. 3+n na +nnonrx .nemen+a
o6rennnnncr n nonom, romoqonno-rapmonnneckom c+nne c+nne akkomnannpyemon
mononn. Ero rnannrm nn+omnnkom c+ana onepa; secr on pasnnnanc, cospenan n nakannnnan
cnnr n onnaenn nnc+pymen+anrnrmn qopmamn.
Ynpannemrn rapmonnen ennrn mar nnenn mysrkn cosan nonre nosmonoc+n
nnenenn npemenn nocpec+nom komnosnnnonnrx c+pyk+yp, ocnonannrx na nepapxnn
nepnonnnoc+en n cnmme+pnn. Ennoo6pasnre rpynnr me+pnneckon ce+kn, a sa+em +ak+r
cenanncr ocnonon komnosnnnonnrx c+pyk+yp n pannonecn mey nnmn. Cnoco6noc+r
sanomnna+r, ysnana+r n coo+nocn+r .nemen+r mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr n cnnonom none
rapmonnnecknx qynknnn okasanacr neo6xonmrm ycnonnem n XVI-XVII nekax, n o+ne+n+r
.+omy ycnonnm mor nnmr pannonanrno nsompennrn ym. Bc .+o o+nnnno rapmonnponano c
ymonac+poennmn n neanamn nac+ynnnmero neka Pasyma. Kak o+menae+ Kyp+ Bakc,

Haynnre me+or ne orpannnnnanncr cqepon naykn. Pasymy 6rnn nonnnenr nce
nponnenn nsnn, n ae o+ mys onanocr nepnoe cneonanne ero nk+a+y.
...Hckycc+no 6aponnoro kon+panynk+a 6rno o+neprny+o kak npesmepno nomnesnoe n
nanrmennoe n, cnepx ncero, npo+nnnoe Pasymy. Heanom c+an mononnecknn c+nnr.
[18]

Banpocam nonoro npemenn morna o+ne+n+r +onrko menon c e cnoc+rm xapak+epa,
aqqek+a, ap+nkynnnn n nrpaaemon nen. Ma++eson y+nepan:

Cnyx nac+o nsnnekae+ 6onrmee nacnaenne ns onoro, xopomo oprannsonannoro
ronoca, nsnarammero cnym menonm no ncen e ec+ec+nennon cno6oe, nem ns
nana+n ne+rpex nap+nn, ko+opre n c+pemnennn noenn+r menonm mey co6on
pasprnam+ ee n enam+ neysnanaemon. [19]

<c+p. 245>
Cosanne kpnc+annnsonannoro +ema+nsma, ko+oprn onyckan nornnnym paspa6o+ky,
6rno onon ns rnannrx saan komnosn+opon .+oro npemenn.
Tpyno ynne+r kakym-nn6o cnsr mey ncemn .+nmn nonmec+namn n npo6nemon
qnsnneckoro npoc+panc+na n mysrke. H n camom ene, nx o6cyenne saneno nac n
conepmenno nnre npoc+panc+na npoc+panc+na rapmonnneckoro nnenn, +onanrnoc+n n
komnosnnnn (ko+opre 6yy+ paccmo+penr n cneymmen rnane). H+o e kacae+c
qnsnneckoro, akyc+nneckoro npoc+panc+na, +o ono enc+nn+enrno ncnesno ns namero
o6cyenn, kak ono ncnesno ns ymon mysrkan+on XVII-XVIII nekon n +eope+nkon,
nocnn+annrx na mysrke .+oro nepnoa.
Bnponem ono nnkya ne enanocr. Hsmennnacr nnmr ero ponr: okasanocr, n+o
nennnmrn comsnnk nonnqonnn ne c+onr 6naropacnonoen k mysrke rapmonnneckoro
cknaa. Co npemenem nrcnnnocr, n+o npoc+panc+nennre ycnonn mory+ ckasrna+rc na nen
paspymn+enrnrm o6pasom.
Pannnn knaccnnecknn c+nnr snamenonan co6on cnnr o+ npmon nync+nennon
nornomnnoc+n snynamnm mnororonocnem, o+ camosa6nennoro norpyenn n +ekynne nonnr
nonnqonnnecknx nnnnn k onocpec+nonannomy, nn+ennek+yanrno ak+nnnomy na6nmennm sa
nnamnkon pasnp+rnann mysrkanrnrx c+pyk+yp no npemenn. Honrn c+nnr rappresentativo
osnanan, n+o mysrka kak konkpe+na nonnokponna peanrnoc+r nepec+ana cymec+nona+r n
nanana npec+ann+r nen+o o+nnnnoe o+ ce6 camon o6pasr, pama+nneckne cn+yannn n
konnnsnn. Bnynanne c+ano cpec+nom nrpaenn, mrcnn, o+nomenn, n ero a6conm+nre
nync+nennre cnonc+na mornn 6r+r cneenr k mnnnmymy.
3+o, n nac+noc+n, nosnone+ non+r, nonemy nnennre komnosn+opamn
mannrenmckon mkonr nnamnneckne .qqek+r +ak rny6oko no+pcann cnyma+enen cepennr
XVIII neka. Ye n 1805 roy Ey6ap+ nncan o6 onon ns cnmqonnn Kpnc+nana Kanna6nxa:

E forte noo6no rpomy, e crescendo noona, ee diminuendo nneck
o+annnoro pynr, e piano menec+ necnr. [20]

Tpyno nonepn+r, n+o noo6noe nnena+nenne morna oc+ann+r nrpa ne6onrmoro
opkec+pa ns +px ec+kon mysrkan+on. Ho n ero cnyma+enen nana 6rna ne qnsnnecka
cnna forte n piano, a o+nomenne mey yponnmn snynnoc+n, nrnnenne ko+oporo 6rno
nnonne no cnny n ckpomnomy ncnonnn+enrckomy coc+any.
3+o+ opkec+p-.m6pnon nckope nanan 6rc+po pac+n n ynennnnna+rc n pasmepe,
cnonno c+pemcr non+opn+r nponecc, ko+oprn n
<c+p. 246>
cno npem npnnn o+ nyxronocnoro opranyma n konyk+yca k rnran+cknm mnororonocnrm n
mnoroxopnrm komnosnnnm Bapokko. Hncno nap+nn c+pynnon rpynnr c nneennem
kon+pa6acon ynennnnnocr c ne+rpx o n+n. K qnen+am, ro6om, qaro+am n nan+opnam
nenckne knaccnkn o6annnn napy knapne+on n napy +py6. Be+xonen nnn qnen+y nnkkono,
kon+paqaro+, em ne nan+opnr n +pom6onr. Hapy c .+nm, pan coxpanenn snykonoro
6ananca, npoonana pac+n nncnennoc+r n c+pynnon rpynnr. Tponnon coc+an, ne cnn+a
ononnn+enrnrx nnc+pymen+on apq, qop+enrno, pasnoo6pasnrx yapnrx, c+an
nopmon n poman+nkon.
He npomno n c+a ne+ co npemenn kapnnkonoro manrenmckoro opkec+pa, kak Bepnnos
ye men+an o6 neanrnom opkec+pe ns 121 mysrkan+a n o qec+nnane c ynac+nem 465
nnc+pymen+annc+on n 360 xopnc+on. Hoo6no mnornm y+onnm, ero men+a 6rna ne cnnmkom
aneka o+ peanrnoc+n. Bpyknep, Barnep, Pnxap E+payc perynpno ncnonrsonann opkec+p
ne+nepnoro coc+ana, a Manep n Ckp6nn onenn coc+an o n+epnoro, coo+ne+c+nenno
ynennnnna rpynny c+pynnrx. Kora e n 1906 roy Manep nanncan cnom Bocrmym
cnmqonnm n nyx conpano, nyx anr+on, +px mycknx ronocon, xopa manrnnkon, nyx
cmemannrx xopon n nonnoro opkec+pa Cnmqonnm +rcnn ynac+nnkon, kak ona
peknamnponanacr k neyononrc+nnm komnosn+opa,on npensomn n men+y Bepnnosa, n
rnran+ckne macm+a6r mysrkanrnrx qec+nnanen konna XVIII neka.
Hepnre e marn na .+om ny+n nk+onanncr +pe6onannmn rapmonnneckoro cknaa.
Mec+o pasnoponrx nnc+pymen+on, npnxo+nnno cone+anmnxc n mysrke Peneccanca, sannn
rpynnr +em6pono poc+nennrx nnc+pymen+on. B nn+epecax nan6onee cnoro nocnpn+n
rapmonnneckon +kann nce e +pn, ne+rpe, a nnocnec+nnn n+r ronocon onnr 6r+r
npec+annenr n ennom, +em6pono onoponom nnane. Akkop, pacnpeennnrn mey
pasnrmn +em6pamn, pnckye+ y+pa+n+r ennc+no n mnoroe ns cnonx c+pyk+ypnrx n
nnamnnecknx no+ennnn.
C+onr e onacno n rapmonnn npoc+panc+nennoe pacnrnenne. C nonnennem n
konne 50-x roon c+epeoqonnn, npenn e 6yymee rocnoc+no, C+pannncknn +em ne menee
same+nn, n+o ne karn po mysrkn nrnrprnae+ o+ npnnnenenn nnnmann cnyma+en k
npoc+panc+nennomy qak+opy.

Mysrkanrno-akyc+nnecknn samrcen Barnepa n Banpen+e coc+on n +om, n+o6r
o6n+rc cnn+noc+n snynann opkec+pa, pasmec+nn ero kak mono +ecnee.
C+epeoqonnneckoe pasenenne c cosanaemon nm nnnmsnen opkec+ponoro
npoc+panc+na conepmenno nyo ero mysrkanrnrm namepennm. Ho nm6a nnc+o
rapmonnnecka mysrkamysrka, sanncma o+ cnn+noc+n n pannonecn,c+paae+
o+ npesmepnoro nnnmann k o+enrnrm nap+nm...
<c+p. 247>
C pyron c+oponr, +akoro poa nckaenn ne npe+ neko+oprm nnam
nonnqonnneckon mysrkn nmenno no +on npnnnne, n+o .+a mysrka nonn-qonnueckan,
+o ec+r onyckamma nocnpn+ne n pasnrx akyc+nnecknx nepcnek+nnax. Heko+opre
nonnqonnneckne nponsneenn ne sannc+ o+ o6mero rapmonnneckoro pannonecn, n
mr 6rnaem 6naroapnr, kora nac+n nx nny+pennen konc+pyknnn nnesanno
o6naam+c nnn penreqno nrc+ynam+ e+ann nsnoenn kakon-nn6o nap+nn. [21]

He +onrko Barnep, no n pyrne komnosn+opr npomnoro c+one+n sa6o+nnncr o
pannonecnn n cnn+noc+n opkec+ponoro snynann o 6anance mey rpynnamn opkec+pa,
menonneckon nnnnen n akkomnannpymmnmn ronocamn, o cnn+noc+n qak+ypnrx nnac+on,
ko+opa onna 6rna nonpknna+r ennc+no nrcoko nqqepennnponannon
komnosnnnonnon c+pyk+ypr. 3+nmn coo6paennmn pykonoc+nonanncr ne +onrko
ncnonnn+enn-npak+nkn, no n +eope+nkn an+opr yne6nnkon n pykonoc+n no opkec+ponke,
yennmne oco6oe nnnmanne o+nocn+enrnon cnne snynann ronocon, nnc+pymen+on n rpynn n
cnoco6am oc+nenn 6ananca mey nnmn.
Ba peknmn ncknmnennmn, mysrka knaccnko-poman+nneckoro nepnoa, n nepnym
oneper, mrcnnnacr kak a6conm+na c+pyk+ypa, paccnn+anna na a6conm+nre ycnonn
nocnpn+n, n +onrko sa+em kak o6rek+ nync+nennoro nocnpn+n. O6rmnoc+r
c+epeoqonnneckoro snynann opkec+pa .+o+ momnrn nc+onnnk .c+e+nneckoro
nacnaenn paccma+pnnanacr kak ec+ec+nennrn a+pn6y+ nnon mysrkn, ne
+pe6onanmnn sa6o+ komnosn+opa. He npnnnmanacr n pacn+ n nepo+noc+r napymennn
snykonoro 6ananca n peanrnrx ycnonnx konnep+noro sana. Mysrka cosananacr +ak, kak
ecnn 6r en npec+ono ncxon+r ns ennc+nennon +onkn n npoc+panc+ne. B pesynr+a+e
ennc+nennon okasrnae+c n neanrna nepcnek+nna e cnymann, connaamma c
nen+panrnrm npoxoom ocrm cnmme+pnn sana n .c+par. Mec+a, aneko o+c+omne o+
.+on cpenen nonocr, nomemam+ cnyma+en n nckannym nepcnek+nny, sac+ann ero
mnpn+rc c napymennmn snykonoro pannonecn +em 6onrmnmn, nem 6nne k .c+pae on
naxon+c.
I-C35J2-0 7.-4*.+24*,-
C+apre konnep+nre sanr nc em n xopomem coc+onnn, opkec+pr nponne+am+ n
mnoa+c, n, sa manrm ncknmnennem, nn ncnonnn+enn, nn komnosn+opr ne nonepram+
comnennm ycnonnoc+n,
<c+p. 248>
onemec+nnnnre n xpamax mys. 3+n ycnonnoc+n, nanmenee same+nre n nan6onee c+onkne,
nepennn mnoec+no c+nnen n nkycon, cmennnmnxc sa nocnenne ne+rpec+a ne+. He
noma+nynn nx n rny6okne no+pcenn nyx mnponrx nonn.
Konnep+nrn san, ae 6esnmnrn n monnannnrn, ronopn+ cam sa ce6. On nnymae+
nem ynoponennoro yc+onnnnoro mysrkanrnoro mnpa, nso6nnymmero samena+enrnrmn
+nopennmn, ko+opre snynann n 6yy+ snyna+r n ero c+enax ceson sa cesonom, rapan+npy
nm6n+enm mysrkn nonre n c+apre paoc+n. Konnep+nrn san .+o nnymn+enrnrn cnmnon
neno6enmon nnepnnn npomnoro, n ecnn mr xo+nm nan+n cpannnmrn cnmnon nac+omero, nam
cneye+ o6pa+n+r nsrn n pyrom nanpannennn.

Mo ne cqepnneckoe nomemenne, cnnomr ycaennoe nnamnkamn. B nen+pe
.+on cqepr nonemena npospanna n cne+a n n snyka nna+qopma n cnyma+enen.
Onn mornn 6r cnyma+r mysrky, connnnnym cnennanrno n +aknx nomemennn,
onocmymc k nnm cnepxy, cnnsy, co ncex c+opon. Ha nna+qopmy mono 6rno 6r
nonaa+r no nonecnon opoke. [22]

Tak E+okraysen onncrnan neanrnre ycnonn ncnonnenn cnonx Gesang der
Jnglinge. Emy npnmnocr ononrc+nona+rc menrmnm: connnenne 6rno nnepnre ncnonneno
n mae 1956 roa n 6onrmon c+ynn knrnckoro pano. Bnponem, n nen npnmnocr nponsnec+n
neko+opre nsmenenn, nockonrky, kak o6rcne+ komnosn+op,

3+o nponsneenne nanncano n n+n rpynn rpomkoronopn+enen, ko+opre onnr
6r+r pasmemenr nokpyr spn+enen n sane. C kakon c+oponr cnrmn+c snyk, nepes
ckonrko nnamnkon ononpemenno, nonopannnam+c nn onn nnpano nnn nneno,
nenonnnr nnn nepememam+c, +o, kak snykn n snykonre rpynnr nsnynam+c n
npoc+panc+no nc .+o nano n nonnmann .+oro connnenn. (69)

B Gesang der Jnglinge ncnonrsye+c .nek+ponnrn n .nek+ponno npeo6pasonannrn
snyk. B cneymmem cnom connnennn, Gruppen, E+okraysen o6pamae+c k +pannnonnomy
opkec+py, no +pak+ye+ ero necrma neo6rnno.

C camoro nanana okasanocr neo6xonmo npec+ann+r 6onee nnn menee nn+enrnre
rpynnr snynannn, mymon n nx cmecn ononpemenno n pasnrx +emnax. H+o6r nc .+o
mono 6rno nepno crrpa+r n ycnrma+r, 6onrmon opkec+p ns 109 mysrkan+on 6rn
pasenn na +pn opkec+pa menrmnx pasmepon. Karn ns nnx nmen cnoero npnpa
n pacnonaranc na neko+opom pacc+onnn o+ nyx oc+anrnrx... n ncnonnenn
Gruppen 3 opkec+pa onnr 6r+r pasmemenr n qopme nokonr. ...Taknm o6pasom,
nce cnyma+enn okpyenr opkec+pamn. (70-71)

<c+p. 249>
B 1962 roy E+okraysen sakannnnae+ Carre komnosnnnm n ne+rpx opkec+pon
n xopa, ko+opoe, coo+ne+c+nenno e nasnannm, nomemae+ cnyma+enen n cnoero poa
snynamym pamy, o6nyna nx nnymnmc snykom co ncex ne+rpx c+opon.
B onon ns cnonx apmm+a+cknx neknnn 1958 roa on kocnync nperc+opnn
npoc+panc+nennon mysrkn, nanomnnn, pasymee+c, o mnoroxopnrx .kcnepnmen+ax XVI-
XVII nekon, a +ake o monap-+oncknx Serenata Notturna n nyx ne6onrmnx opkec+pon,
Notturne n ne+rpx opkec+pon n Peknneme Bepnnosa. B +o e npem on samenae+: Hpn
6onee 6nnskom paccmo+pennn mono ynne+r, kak mano o6mero nasnannre o6pasnr nmem+,
c nrnemnen cn+yannen.
B npemec+nymmnx onr+ax, ronopn+ on, npoc+panc+no 6rno cpeon nanornnecknx
nepeknnnek, nmn+annn .xo n mysrke Bapokko, nonpoco-o+ne+nrx qopmyn y knaccnkon,
cpeon poman+nneckon mysrkanrnon apxn+ek+ypr, pamr n +ea+pa, +ora kak n XX neke
ono c+ano nonrm nsmepennem mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr. Takoe ncnonrsonanne npoc+panc+na
6rno, n nsnec+nom cmrcne, nrnyennrm: ono mrcnnnocr kak cpec+no ns6ea+r
mono+onnn n c+a+nkn, yrpoammnx cnepxoprannsonannrm mysrkanrnrm c+pyk+ypam.
Ecnn... o+ onoro snyka k pyromy nrco+a, nn+enrnoc+r, +em6p n nnamnka
menm+c (momen+ sa momen+om), +o mysrka n konennom cn+e enae+c c+a+nnnon: ona
mene+c npesnrnanno 6rc+po, necr nanason mysrkanrnoro onr+a npo6erae+c n onenr
kopo+knn o+pesok npemenn, n +ora okasrnaemrc n coc+onnn sac+rnmero nnenn:
mysrka c+on+ na mec+e.
Ap+nkynnpona+r 6onee npo+nnre npemennre qasr mono onnm cnoco6om: na
kakoe-+o npem nosnonn+r onon xapak+epnc+nke snyka omnnnpona+r na ncemn nponnmn...
Hanennoe pemenne saknmnanocr n npoc+panc+nennom pacnpeenennn... +aknx onoponrx
c+pyk+yp pasnnnnrx +nnon. (69)
Ocnoenne npoc+panc+na kak nsmepenn mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr o+nenano ne
+onrko nnc+o mysrkanrnrm coo6paennm, o ko+oprx ronopn+ E+okraysen. pyrne
conpemennre komnosnnnn nosnonm+ coc+ann+r 6onee nonnoe npec+annenne o nnymnx
mo+nnax n snanennn nonon npoc+panc+nennon mysrkn.
Pithopracta Bnnca Kcenaknca (1957) emonc+pnpye+ nnym c+opony noo6nrx
.kcnepnmen+on. E samrcen o6rcne+ nasnanne, coc+annennoe ns nyx cnon conpemennoro
rpeneckoro srka, osnanammnx nepo+na n peannsann. Hap+n+ypa npenncrnae+ na
+pom6ona, na6op yapnrx n nknmnae+ 45 pasnnnnrx c+pynnrx nnc+pymen+on c
nnnnnyanrnrmn nap+nmn. Oco6enno nn+epecno +o, n+o nac+rm e nne+c kap+a
enaemoro pasmemenn mysr-
<c+p. 250>
kan+on cpen cnyma+enen, no ncemy npoc+panc+ny kpyrnoro amqn+ea+pa, n o+anennn
pyr o+ pyra.
O+nomenne nepenopannnae+c: +enepr n ponn nocn+en coo6menn nrc+ynae+ ne
snyk, a npoc+panc+no, onemec+nnnnoe snykom. Tpannnonnoe non+ne mysrkanrnoro
nponsneenn nnmae+c konkpe+noc+n; o nm mono ronopn+r nnmr kak o cnc+eme
nnc+pyknnn, sanna+nnnrx n nap+n+ype. Tenepr .+o ne qnkcnponannoe snykonoe
nono+no, mano sanncmee o+ nonoenn cnyma+en, a o6nako snykonrx .nemen+on,
sanonnmmee san, paccennoe no ncemy ero o6rmy. Karn ns cnyma+enen nocnpnnnmae+
ero n ynnkanrnon akyc+nneckon nepcnek+nne no-cnoemy cnrmn+ nnamnneckne
o+nomenn mey snykonrmn .nemen+amn, onennnae+ nc+annnn n nanpannenn, c ko+oprx
onn npnxo+. Karn cnonno okasrnae+c nny+pn nennnmoro snykonoro coopyenn,
o6ospena cnyxom co cnoero, +onrko emy npnnaneamero mec+a ero nn+eprep, e+ann
ko+oporo noonepno nnn ononpemenno ocnemam+c nepe6erammnmn ncnrmkamn
snynannn.
Bepo+no, ne 6rno cnynannoc+rm +o, n+o .kcnepnmen+r c npoc+panc+nom n mysrke
connann no npemenn c nonnennem c+epeoqonnneckon snykosanncn. O6rmnoe snynanne
saqnkcnponannoe, nocnponsnonmoe, kon+ponnpyemoe .+o nen+o 6onrmee, nem npoc+o
+exnnnecka nmn+ann akyc+nkn konnep+noro sana. Okasanmncr n pacnopennn
mysrkan+on, .+o nonoe cpec+no ncnononr nepemennno camrn nsrn na mysrky. Mapmann
Maknm.n samenan ye n 60-x roax:

C+epeosnyk... okpyae+, o6nonaknnae+. Panrme snyk ncxonn ns onon +onkn, kak
.+o npenonarae+c nnsyanrnon kynr+ypon c e qnkcnponannon +onkon na6nmenn.
Honnenne nrcokokanec+nennon sanncn nonc+nne c+ano n mysrkn +em, nem ky6nsm
nnnc n nnonncn n cnmnonnsm n nn+epa+ypr, a nmenno, npnsnannem
mnororpannoc+n n mnoronnanonoc+n ennoro onr+a.. Mono ckasa+r nnane:
c+epeosnyk .+o snyk c rny6nnon... Bmec+e c nnm npnmna n rny6nna mysrkanrnoro
nepennann... Bce, n+o nocnpnnnmae+c c rny6nnon, c+anonn+c neo6rnanno
nn+epecnrm n nanrm, no+omy n+o rny6nna osnanae+ no nsanmoenc+nnn, a ne n
nsonnnn. Fny6nna osnanae+ osapenne ne +onky spenn, a npospenne: mrcnennym
nonnenennoc+r n nponecc... [23]

Bocnpn+ne mysrkn, n ko+opon npoc+panc+nennrn qak+op ncnonrsye+c
cosna+enrno n nenenanpannenno, oc+anannnna na ce6e nnnmanne cnymammero, kna+
konen 6rnon nnc+o cnyxonon nonnennnoc+n cnyma+en. Tenepr on nmee+ eno ne +onrko c
nn+ennek+yanrno noc+nraemrm nopkom snykon n nx .monnonanrnrm nosenc+nnem, no n c
okpyammen ero konkpe+non qnsnneckon pe-
<c+p. 251>
anrnoc+rm c nnamnnnrm snynamnm npoc+panc+nom onpeennnrx o6rmon n onep+annn.
Bocnpn+ne .+on peanrnoc+n nknmnae+ mexannsmr npoc+panc+nennon opnen+annn, ne
naxomne npnmenenn n knaccnneckon mysrke ne +onrko 6nnaypanrnrn cnyx, no n
ocsanne, spenne, nnra+enrnre peaknnn n mrmennre omymenn. Mysrkanrnoe noneenne
nepec+a+ 6r+r npenmymec+nenno mrcnennon e+enrnoc+rm; +enepr n nero nannnae+
nonneka+rc necr nenonek.
C+pemnenne ocno6on+r mysrky o+ +pannnonnon monononnn cnyxa n nn+ennek+a,
nrnec+n e ns nenonnnoc+n n o6mnpnrn n pasnoo6pasnrn mnp onr+a n enc+nn mono
o6napyn+r n mnpokom cnek+pe conpemennrx +enennn. Ono ns ero camrx kpacnopennnrx
nponnennn cnn+e+nneckoe enc+no, mysrkanrnrm komnonen+om ko+oporo nnnacr
Pome lectronique Bapesa.
3+a 8 mnny+na komnosnnn nepnre 6rna ncnonnena n 1958 roy na Bcemnpnon
nrc+anke n Bpmccene n nannnrone qnpmr dnnnnne, noc+poennom no npoek+y
apxn+ek+opa he Kop6msre n ero co+pynnka Kcenaknca n nne nnpka c +pem konnnecknmn
kynonamn. Ec+ec+nennre n .nek+ponno npeo6pasonannre snynann konokonon, ronocon n
mysrkanrnrx nnc+pymen+on n cone+annn c .nek+ponnrm snykom, nocnponsnonnncr c
mnorokananrnon sanncn nepes 425 nnamnkon, pasmemnnrx nenmn nonr nsorny+rx c+en.
3+n snynann ne +onrko ncxonnn c pasnrx c+opon n pacc+onnn, no n nepememanncr,
nrnn n cnyxa onep+ann nny+pennero npoc+panc+na. Ha 6e+onnponannre nonepxnoc+n
nn+eprepa npoennponanncr n cno6onom kon+panynk+e c mysrkon nenonnnre kap+nnr na
o6mym +emy Po nenonenecknn.
3kcnepnmen+r Bapesa, Kcenaknca, E+okraysena n pyrnx n o6nac+n
npoc+panc+nennon mysrkn ynnkanrnr. Onn ne ann nanano nonomy nanpannennm, xo+ n
6rnn noxnanenenr n npoonenr n 6onee ckpomnrx macm+a6ax pom
komnosn+opon. 3qqek+ npncy+c+nn, cosanaemrn ynomny+rmn nponsneennmn (kak n
c+epeosnykom n mnpoko.kpannrx knno+ea+pax), mono 6rno 6r cnec+r ncero nnmr
nm6onr+nrm +exnnnecknm a++paknnonom onnm ns +ex, n+o ckopo npneam+c n
+epm+ nonnsny.
Ho cmrcn npoc+panc+nennrx .kcnepnmen+on nenrs non+r n nnc+o mysrkanrnom
kon+ekc+e nmenno no+omy, n+o onn nrxo+ sa ero npnnrnnre pamkn. He non+op
o+kpr+ne nenennannen XVII neka, onn npnnnekam+ nnnmanne ne npoc+o k peannocvn
ec+ec+nennon cper, ko+opym mysrka enn+ c nenonekom, no k e (nnaunueckon npnpoe.
Onn nnoc+ npem n qnsnneckoe npoc+panc+no, npeo6paam+ panee nesr6nemoe
nmec+nnnme npeme+on n co6r+nn n nsmennnnym conokynnoc+r mec+, o+nomennn,
nanpannennn
<c+p. 252>
n npo+nnoc+en npec+annm+ co6on moenn ennoro cnnonoro non, n ko+opom
cymec+nye+ nenonek.
C+pon+enn +ekynnx snykonrx co6opon ocymec+nnm+ +o, o nm mornn nnmr men+a+r
apxn+ek+opr, ckynrn+opr n nnonncnr, cnsannre nnep+nrmn nensmenemrmn
ma+epnanrnrmn qopmamn. Bnponem, ncknmnenne coc+anne+ nonrn nn ckynrn+ypr,
nso6pe+nnrn n 1932 roy amepnkannem Anekcanpom Konepom, mo6nnn, c+anmne nocne
B+opon mnponon nonnr necrma pacnpoc+pannnrm ekopa+nnnrm .nemen+om apxn+ek+ypnrx
nn+eprepon n .kc+eprepon.
Hy+r nn ne no ncex o+nomennx mo6nnn 6pocam+ nrson nckycc+ny, ko+opoe nekamn
cnmnonnsnponano noc+onc+no, nnenpemennoc+r n nensmennoc+r, nnymam+ mrcnr o +enennn
npemenn, nsmennnnoc+n nemen, yc+onnnnoc+n kak npexomem momen+e pannonecn. Bmec+o
+oro, n+o6r +npo nokon+rc na semne, mo6nnn n coc+annmmne nx nac+n nonemenr,
ypannonemnna pyr pyra n nonopannnacr nokpyr cnonx ocen n o+ne+ na nennnmre
nosmymenn nosymnon cper. Hx a6c+pak+nre qopmr naxomnec n noc+onnom nnennn,
ncera nonre konqnrypannn nx .nemen+on nocnpnnnmam+c kak me+aqopa nenoc+onnoro,
npnnynnno menmmeroc, nenpeckasyemoro mnpa.
B o+nnnne o+ mo6nnen, apxn+ek+ypnre coopyenn c nonnnrmn .nemen+amn
c+pon+r ne npoc+o. H nc e nona konnennn +pancqopmnpyemoro npoc+panc+na naxon+
cno nrpaenne ae n +nnonrx amepnkancknx npoek+ax nonrx mkonrnrx sannn c
o+kpr+rmn nny+pennnmn npoc+panc+namn, nnennmrmn nepennnrmn neperopokamn, n
onocemennrx omon, n ko+oprx nepn nepeko samenm+c o+kpr+rmn apkamn.
Hona qnnocoqn nnamnneckoro npoc+panc+na naxon+ cno nrpaenne na pasnrx
ny+x. Apxn+ek+opr o+xo+ o+ +pannnonnoro srka npmrx nnnnn, nnocknx nonepxnoc+en,
npannnrnrx reome+pnnecknx qopm, pannomepnoro pn+ma, npmrx yrnon, c+poron cnmme+pnn
o+ ncex .+nx rem+anr+-.nemen+on, ko+opre onyckam+ onomomen+noe cxna+rnanne c
nenonnnon +onkn na6nmenn, enam+ nnenne n npem qak+opamn necymec+nennrmn n
ak+a nocnpn+n. Tenepr mono nc name nne+r nsorny+re nnn naknonnre nonepxnoc+n,
acnmme+pnnnre qopmr, nomanre nnn cnnpanrnre nnnnn, cxomnec no neonannrmn
yrnamn, neonoponoc+n qak+ypr, nanomnnammne o noncknx ronnapnrx nsennx. Bc .+o
saxna+rnae+ nsrn spn+en n ne+ ero nokpyr o6rek+a, o6nnk ko+oporo mene+c c karm
nonrm nepememennem nnn nonopo+om rononr: coopyenne npenpamae+c n
nocneona+enrnoc+r qopm, nepe+ekammnx ona n pyrym, pasnp+rnammnx-
<c+p. 253>
c n npoc+panc+ne n no npemenn. Banne myse Fyrrenxenma n Hrm-Hopke, noc+poennoe
dpankom hnonom Pan+omn n nepkonr n Ponmane, cnpoek+nponanna he Kop6msre,
nan6onee xapak+epnre n pkne o6pasnr apxn+ek+ypr, nnymenc no npemenn.
Kak .+o nn napaokcanrno, no ocosnanne nnamnnnoc+n npoc+panc+na, neoc+ynnon
na6nmennm c ennc+nennon qnkcnponannon +onkn, o6rennmmen mnoec+no nnanon n
acnek+on, nnepnre nosnnkno n nnonncn nckycc+ne, orpannnennom nyxmepnon nnockoc+rm
n no+omy nanmenee npncnoco6nennom n .+on nenn. Ye n 1907 roy Hnkacco n Bpak
npenonnn nonrn cnoco6 nnenn, o+nepranmnn +pannnonnoe on+nneckoe nsnenoo6ne.
Onn o+kasanncr o+ nnnennon nepcnek+nnr c e nenonnnrm, reome+pnneckn nen+panrnrm
nocnponsneennem npoc+panc+na, ynnennrm c onon +onkn (onnm rnasom). Ha nyxmepnym
nnockoc+r cnonx nono+en onn npoennponann npoc+panc+na, cosanaemre camnmn npeme+amn,
cnpny+re, qparmen+nponannre, nnnny+re pyr n pyra, c nepecekammnmnc nnanamn n
conmemnnrmn pakypcamn.
Hx c+nnr nnora onpeenm+ kak nn+ennek+yanrnrn nnn konnen+yanrnrn peannsm,
nockonrky n nm ko6r npec+annen ne spn+enrnrn, a mrcnennrn o6pas npeme+on,
conmemammnn nx pasnre acnek+r n pakypcr. Omn6onnoc+r +akoro o6rcnenn ne +onrko n
+om, n+o ono pasnynae+ rnas n nn+ennek+, npec+ann nx kak conepnnkon. Tak nasrnaemre
ky6nc+r ne nr+anncr nso6paa+r nen (nem sannmanocr nennkoe mnoec+no xyonnkon n
o, n nocne nnx), no c+pemnnncr nnsyannsona+r conokynnoe omymenne o6rek+on
oymennnnrx n neoymennnnrx n pasnre momen+r n n pasnrx coc+onnx, o+pasn+r
mnororpannoe nync+nennoe, .monnonanrnoe nepennanne nx nny+pennen nnamnkn.
Hpenec+ne +akoro nnnann n nso6paaemoe mono ynne+r ye no nsnnxpnnon qak+ype
nensaen Cesanna c epenrmn, ko+opre noxon na cnskn nepekpynennrx, nanpnnrx
mrmn.
Tonka spenn n nepcnek+nna, nonnmaemre 6yknanrno nnn me+aqopnneckn, cnya+
ynnnepcanrnrmn n nesamennmrmn non+nmn xyoec+nennon kpn+nkn. Onn onpeenm+
ennc+no nnnmsopnoro nnn noo6paaemoro mnpa kap+nnr, nonec+n, nrecr, pomana n nosnnnm
spn+en nnn nn+a+en n .+om mnpe. Heo6xonmo npenonara pyr pyra n enc+ny
conmec+no, +onka spenn n nepcnek+nna onpeenm+ ne +onrko +onorpaqnm mec+a enc+nn,
nopok co6r+nn, no n xapak+ep nx ocnemenn, ckpr+ym cnc+emy nennoc+en, npenon+ennn,
cyennn n onenok.
Cnopy ne+, .+a ycnonnoc+r (noo6no ycnonnoc+n +pannnonnrx konnep+nrx sanon)
coxpane+ cnny n n macce +enennn conpemennon nn+epa+ypr, nnonncn n apxn+ek+ypr. O
rny6nnnrx cnnrax n nn-
<c+p. 254>
ennn mnpa nosnonm+ cyn+r pyrne nnenn, ko+opre npn ncen cnoen ynnkanrnoc+n
o6napynnam+ nnena+nmmee cxoc+no nenen n me+oon. Honec+nona+enrnoe npoc+panc+no
nn+epa+ypr pasennno cyr6y npoc+panc+na n nnonncn, apxn+ek+ype n mysrke. Ero ennc+no
pasprnae+c, nso6paenn nnn n co6r+nn npo+nnopena+ pyr pyry, ono+onenna
nepcnek+nna po6n+c, n nn an+op, nn nn+a+enr 6onee ne nnaem+ nc+nnon.
hynn Hnpanenno o+pasnn nonym cn+yannm n nrece Eec+r nepconaen n nonckax
an+opa (1921). B +om e roy noncknn nnca+enr Aky+arana nanncan pacckas B name;
cnyc+ 30 ne+ Aknpa Kypocana cnn no nemy qnnrm Pacmon, n ko+opom karn ns ne+rpx
ynac+nnkon +parnneckoro konqnnk+a no-cnoemy onncrnae+ ero n co6c+nennoe noneenne
+ak, n+o o npane oc+a+c nnmr orarna+rc. Ho ne k+o nnon, kak oc+oencknn n 70-x roax
npomnoro neka npenpa+nn poman n nonnqonnm pesko necxonx xapak+epon, necxomnxc
nnnnrx nepcnek+nn, npo+nnopennnrx nsrnon na nemn n co6r+n, konqnnk+ymmnx mey
co6on nennoc+en, +pyno conmec+nmrx nmnynrcon.
Hsnec+no, n+o Anr6ep+ 3nnm+enn nocxnmanc pomanamn oc+oenckoro:
mnoec+nennoc+r nx nepcnek+nn n o+cy+c+nne ennon a6conm+non +onkn spenn, nosmono,
6rnn n nero npenec+nem mnpa o+nocn+enrnoc+n. H kora n 1945 roy Bynes nnepnre
o+kprn n ce6 mn6eproncknn me+o connnenn nenana+rm +onamn, on nnkonan:

3+o 6rno o+kponennem. Hepeo mnon 6rna mysrka namero npemenn, srk
neorpannnennrx nosmonoc+en... C nnm mysrka noknnyna mnp Hrm+ona n nc+ynnna n
mnp 3nnm+enna. He +onanrnoc+n ocnonana na ncenennon, onpeenemon +ro+ennem
n npn+ennem. He cepnnnoc+n ocnonana na ncenennon, nenpeprnno
pacmnpmmenc. [24]
* * *
Ananornn mey conpemennrm nckycc+nom n conpemennon naykon nnonne
npanomepnr, no neokasyemr. Mr nnnero ne o6rcnnm, nac+anna na +om, n+o En6epra
noxnonnna +eopn o+nocn+enrnoc+n, a oc+oencknn nomor 3nnm+enny o+kpr+r e. 3+o ne
6onee kak napannenn ropaso menee cymec+nennre, nem +o, n+o mono namyna+r n rny6nne,
no konkpe+nrmn naynnrmn n .c+e+nnecknmn +eopnmn, sa pasnoronocnnen
npoqeccnonanrnrx apronon, nac+nrx xyoec+nennrx c+nnen n cpec+n. H n .+om mnpokom
kpyry
<c+p. 255>
nnennn, n sa ero npeenamn n nonrx nep+ax nocnpn+n conpemennon enc+nn+enrnoc+n n
nenoneneckoro noneenn npocnennnae+ nona peanrnoc+r: peanrnoc+r +oro mnpa, n
ko+opom nenonek sananon kynr+ypr +enepr nnn+ ce6, enc+nye+, nn+ n coynac+nye+.
Hona kynr+ypna peanrnoc+r nrpaae+ ce6 n +rcnax pasnnnnrx qopm n
cnonax, npoek+ax, ma+epnanrnrx npeme+ax, n cone+annx nne+on, snykon n nnennn, n
o6pasax n qopmynax. Onn anennnpym+ k pasnnnnrm nn+ennek+yanrnrm cnoco6noc+m,
qopmam onr+a n noc+nenno+ camrx konkpe+nrx n nenocpec+nenno nepennaemrx o
nan6onee a6c+pak+nrx. Kaa ns +aknx qopm, paccma+pnnaema nsonnponanno, .+o ncero
nnmr ennnnnrn nrcoko cnennannsnponannrn snak, ko+oprn moe+ ne nme+r nnnero o6mero
c pyrnmn snakamn. Ho, non+re n conokynnoc+n, karn na cnom srke, onn cornacno
ykasrnam+ n onom n +om e nanpannennn.
Hx o6mnn nc+onnnk yo6nee ncero onnca+r n non+nx qnsnkn. Hona qnsnka nrmna
sa npeenr mnpa nrm+ononon knaccnneckon mexannkn, mnpa a6conm+noro nenonnnoro
.nknnona npoc+panc+na n nnnennoro npemenn, neynnn+onmon ma+epnn, ncemnpnoro
+ro+enn, nnepnnn, pannomepno nnymnxc +en n mexannneckn npeckasyemrx
nsanmoenc+nnn mey nnmn. Ona c+ana ynac+nnnen 6n+nr mey ma+epnen n .neprnen,
ko+opa mene+ camo reome+pnm mnpa, cnma, nsrn6a, pac+rnna, po6 npoc+panc+no,
sac+ann npem +enr c pasnon ckopoc+rm n pasnnnnrx ero +onkax. He+ 6onee +akon +onkn, c
ko+opon 6rno 6r nosmono na6nma+r .+o+ mnp n nenom; ne+ +akon nepcnek+nnr, ko+opa
nosnonnna 6r y6en+rc n ero ennc+ne. Hanomnm cnona Fensen6epra: nayka 6onee ne
npo+nnoc+on+ npnpoe kak o6rek+nnnrn na6nma+enr, no nnn+ n ce6e ynac+nnka nrpr mey
nenonekom n npnpoon... Cnonm nmema+enrc+nom nayka nsmene+ n nepeqopmnpye+ nsynaemrn
o6rek+. [25] Peanrna kap+nna mnpa onpeene+c +enepr momen+om, nonoennem n
noneennem nenoneka ynac+nnka .+on nrpr.
B o+nnnne o+ knaccnneckon naykn, sananoe knaccnneckoe nckycc+no ncera
cosna+enrno nnn 6eccosna+enrno nomemano nenoneka n nen+p nemen. H nc e .+o ne cnacno
e o+ sa6nyennn o6rek+nnnoc+n. Ono nneno ce6 n +om e camom mnpe, ko+oprn nonynnn
naynnoe onncanne n nrm+ononon ncenennon; ono nn+anocr nepon n nesr6nemoc+r n
noc+nnmoc+r o6mero nopka, ennoo6pasne n nornky, paccma+pnnano cnon +nopenn kak
camooc+a+onnre o6rek+nnnre mnkpokocmr n nocnpnnnmano nenoneka n a6conm+nrx
non+nx.
<c+p. 256>

Tenepr e n nayka, n nckycc+na c 6onrmen nnn menrmen cnoc+rm nanann o+ana+r
ce6e o+n+ n kapnnanrno nepemennnmenc kynr+ypnon peanrnoc+n nne+r mnp n nnom
cne+e. Hpec+annenn n nocnpn+n, ko+opre panee nonn+anncr a6conm+nrmn n
o6rek+nnnrmn, okasrnam+c o+nocn+enrnrmn, nsanmno ononnmmnmn nac+noc+mn. To, n+o
nona nayka qopmynnpye+ nocpec+nom konnennnn n +eopnn, nckycc+no kpnc+annnsye+ n
konkpe+nrx qopmax, nc+nnnnpymmnx onr+ no-nonomy nocnpnnnmaemon nsnennon
peanrnoc+n. Ono ns nan6onee onennnrx n kpacnopennnrx nponnennn .+oro cnnra
o+kpr+ne mysrkn n nnamnnnom mo6nnrnom ne+rpxmepnom npoc+panc+nenno-npemennom
kon+nnyyme.
<c+p. 257>
!"%I#VNW%M
1 Victor Zuckerkandl. Sound and Symbol: Music and the External World. Bollingen
Series XLIV, Princeton University Press, 1696, cc375-276, 290.
2 Edward T. Hall. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor Books, Doubleday and Company,
Inc. (New York, 1696), c.77.Hn+ ns: Maurise Grosser, The Painter's Eye, Rinehart and Company,
New York, 1951.
3 Paul Bekker. Die Sinfonie von Beethoven bis Mahler. Schuster und Loefler, Berlin,
1918.
4 William S. Jordan. Tune, Space and Music: Prolegomena to the History of Musical
Theory (Ph.D. thesis). The Florida State University, 1979, c.9.
5 Colin M. Turnbull. The Forest People. Simon and Schuster (New York, 1962),
cc.75-76,80-81.
6 Paul Tillich. The New Being. Charles Scribner's Sons (New York, 1955), cc.132-
133.
7 Manual of Zen Buddhism, coc+. n pe. D. T. Suzuki. Grove Press, Inc. (New York,
1960), c.69.
8 Manfred F. Bukofzer. Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Music. J. M. Dent &
Sons, Ltd (London, 1951) cc.230,231,238-239.
9 Curt Sachs. The Commonwealth of Art. W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. (New
York, 1946), cc.298-299.
10 Benjamin Britten. War Requiem, op.66 (nap+n+ypa). Boosey and Hawkes, Ltd
(London, 1966), npnmenann.
11 Fyc+an Manep. Hncrma, nocnomnnann (coc+. n pe. H. Bapconon), M., 1964,
cc.537-538.
12 J. C. Carothers. "Culture, Psychiatry and the Written Word." Psychiatry (Nov.
1959), c310, 308.
13 Hn+. no: Curt Sachs, Our Musical Heritage, New York, 1948, c.230.
<c+p. 258>
14 Alec Harman, Anthony Milner. Late Renaissance and Baroque Music. Man and his
Music,4.2. Barrie and Rockliff (London, 1969), cc.8-81,23.
15 Curt Sachs. Our Musical Heritage.., c.229.
16 Heinrich Wolfffin. Principles of Art History: The Problem of the Development of
Style in Later Art (nep.c nem. M. D. Hollinger). Henry Holt and Company (New York, 1932),
cc.73, 74.
17 Paul Henry Lang. Music in Western Civilization. W. W. Norton and Company, Inc.
(New York, 1969), c.306.
18 Karl Geiringer. "Bach's Sons and The Mannheim School." Music and Western Man
(pe. Peter Garvie). J. M. Dent and Sons, Ltd (London, 1970), c.214.
19 Tam e.
20 Hn+. no: Percy M. Young. The Concert Tradition. Routledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd
(London, 1965), c.123.
21 Igor Stravinsky and Robert Craft. Memories and Commentaries. Doubleday and
Company, Inc. (New York, 1960), c.119.
22 Karlheinz Stockhauzen. Two Lectures." Lecture I: "Music in Space." Die Reihe
5,1961, c.69 (anrnenmne ccrnkn na c+pannnr am+c n +ekc+e. C+a+r ocnonana na neknnn,
nponn+annon n nporpamme apmm+a+ckoro cemnnapa no conpemennon mysrke n 1958 roy).
23 Marshall McLuhan. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. A Signet Book
(New York, 1964), c.247.
24 Joan Peyser. Boulez. Schirmer Books (New York-London, 1976), cc.25-26.
25 Werner Heisenberg. The Physicist's Conception of Nature. Harcourt, Brace and
Company (New York, 1958), cc.20-21.

<c+p. 259>
65+,+ P04*+8. &'S_()(# !('#
IB@=A+ 7.-/BA* E.B77-,-E-
7-,0/0238: -.E+23@-,+22=; F05-,0A->
@,BA, % X-*8 .+@2=0 E.B77= 5Y/0; 7--
.+@2->B -7.0/058Y* *-, F*- -23
4F3*+Y* >B@=A-;, ,40 -7.0/050238
-42-,+2= 2+ 20A-*-.-> 4-E5+433 -
7.32K37+X >B@=A+5J2-; -.E+23@+K33,
A-*-.-0 >-10* 4BO04*,-,+*J *-5JA-
2+ 7-F,0 -CO2-4*3 -7=*+. W3 -/32
>B@=A+5J2=; 4*35J 20 4-@/+0* 4,-3X
4-C4*,022=X @+A-2-,: -2 @31/0*48 2+
@+A-2+X /+22-Y -CO04*,+ 3 AB5J*B.=
-CO2-4*3 5Y/0;, A-*-.=0 45=P+*
>B@=AB Z*-Y 4*358, 4-@/+Y* 00 3
347-528Y*.
on Bn.knnr, Hackonrko
mysrkanen nenonek? [1]
<-/=
Hpemec+nymma rnana 6rna nocnmena snyky n qnsnneckom npoc+panc+ne
o6+ekvy mysrkanrnoro onr+a. Tenepr e cneye+ o6pa+n+rc k cy6+ekvnnnmu qopmam, n
ko+oprx nocnpnnnmae+c mysrkanrna oprannsann, k +onam n cnyxonom none.
Mey snykom n +onom neo6xonmo nponec+n n+koe pasnnnne. Hepnrn
ma+epnanrnrn qenomen, nosenc+nymmnn na cnyxonon opran; n+opon e qenomen
ncnxnnecknn: pesynr+a+ +pancqopmannn cnyxonoro nnena+nenn nrenenn n onenkn
onpeennnrx cnonc+n snyka n konkpe+non cnc+eme mysrkanrnoro nocnpn+n.
<c+p. 260>
Bnykn mysrkanrnre n nnre mono nccneona+r o6rek+nnno npn nomomn
qnsnneckon annapa+ypr, nsmep+r n onncrna+r nx +onnre konnnec+nennre napame+pr. Tona
e n +ononre cone+ann mory+ na6nma+rc n onennna+rc nnmr nn+pocnek+nnno c
nonno+on n +onnoc+rm, sanncmnmn o+ c+enenn n nanpannennoc+n mysrkanrnoro pasnn+n
cy6rek+a. Becr pemammym ponr nrpae+ konkpe+na mysrkanrna cnc+ema, onpeenmma
xapak+ep n coepanne ero mysrkanrnoro onr+a, n, mnpe, kynr+ypa, n ycnonnx ko+opon on
cqopmnponanc.
Cymec+nye+ npnnnnnnanrnoe pasnnnne mey snannem n onr+om. Mono nakonn+r
connnrn 6ara snannn o pasnrx kynr+ypax, o6 nx +pannnx, neponannx, cnc+emax
nennoc+en, oco6ennoc+x mnponocnpn+n n noneenn nmen, npnnaneamnx k nnm. Ha
.+om qynamen+e mono c+pon+r 6onee nnn menee npoyk+nnnre orakn o +om, kak onn
nocnpnnnmam+ n onennnam+ ponym mysrky. Ho +akoe +exnnneckoe snanne nensmepnmo
aneko o+c+on+ o+ nnc+nnk+nnnoro nnaenn cnoen kynr+ypon, ko+opoe Bn.knnr nasrnae+
mysrkanrnon komne+en+noc+rm, npenonarammen ne npoc+o snanne, no ymenne, ne
nornneckne ymosaknmnenn, no cnon+annre enc+nn.
Bn.knnr samenae+ mnmoxoom, n+o mysrka aqpnkanckoro nnemenn nena ocnonana ne
na menonn, a na pn+mnnnrx nnennx ncero +ena, naxomnx n nennn nnmr cno
npoonenne. [2] He moem nn mr npenonon+r, n+o n n neko+oprx pyrnx kynr+ypax
nenne, nrpa na mysrkanrnrx nnc+pymen+ax n ae camo connnenne mysrkn nnm+c
npoonennem neknx nnrx nnon nenoneneckoro noneenn? n c+oponnero na6nma+en,
kak 6r rny6oko on nn nsynan mysrky nnoro napoa, kak 6r nckycno, 6yynn mysrkan+om, on
nn nmn+nponan e, oc+a+c neoc+ynnon +a konnek+nnna ncnxnnecka peanrnoc+r, n ko+opon
nn+ .+o+ napo n ns ko+opon poae+c ero mysrka.
Tonrko n cnoen ponon mysrke mysrkan+ cnoco6en yc+anannnna+r +annre cnsn
mey snykom n oprannsymmnmn ero ncnxnnecknmn nponeccamn n c+pyk+ypamn. O6cyenne
cnonc+n +onon n nx noneenn n cnyxonom none moe+ nec+ncr secr, n ocnonnom, nnmr n
pamkax sananon mysrkanrnon kynr+ypr.
Heo6xonmoc+r +akoro camoorpannnenn 6onee +onno qopmynnpye+c n non+nx
+eopnn nnqopmannn. n ne snyk .+o ncero +onrko ma+epnanrnrn nocn+enr coo6menn.
Kanec+na n snanenn, ko+oprmn snyk o6naae+ n rnasax cnyma+en, ne nnm+c ero
co6c+nennrmn cnonc+namn, no sakpennenr sa nnm n onpeennnon
<c+p. 261>
cnc+eme konponann, kak .+o cnonc+nenno nm6on kommynnkannn. Hpannna konponann
mory+ nenycmrcnenno yc+anannnna+rc konnennnen, kpnc+annnsona+rc ns maccnnnoro
kon+ekc+a coo6mennn na ocnone yc+onnnnrx koppennnn mey cnrnanom-nocn+enem n ero
snanennem nnn kasa+rc neynonnmrmn n neonpeennmrmn. Ho kommynnkann
ocymec+nne+c +onrko npn ycnonnn, n+o n o+npann+enr, n nonyna+enr coo6menn
nonrsym+c onnm n +em e na6opom npannn. Kak nn nposannno .+o snynn+, cosanne
mysrkn nne+c, ronop +exnnnecknm srkom, konponannem, a cnrmanne -ekonponannem
cmrcna, snanenn, yxonnrx nennoc+en ncero +oro, n+o mysrka ronopn+ nckymnnomy
cnyma+enm.
Honnmanne mysrkn kak konponannoro coo6menn onnpae+c na ne
qynamen+anrnre konnennnn +eopnn nnqopmannn konnennnn nm6opa n o6pavnon cnnsn.
Hepna osnanae+, n+o coo6menne coepn+ nsnec+nre cnyma+enm .nemen+r: ero anqann+
n cnonapr onnr 6r+r snakomr o6onm ynac+nnkam kommynnkannn. B coo6mennn cmrcn
ne coepn+c: .+o ncero nnmr nocneona+enrnoc+r cnrnanon, ynpannmmnx nr6opom
cmrcnon ns sanaca, ko+oprm pacnonarae+ nonyna+enr.
B cnc+emax naynno-+exnnnecknx kommynnkannn snanenn n cnoco6r ncnonrsonann
+aknx cnrnanon cpannn+enrno npoc+o o6ycnonn+r npn nomomn ec+ec+nennoro srka. Ho
konnennn nr6opa enc+nye+ n n cnc+emax xyoec+nennon kommynnkannn, anqann+r
ko+oprx mory+ 6r+r neorpannnenno 6onrmnmn n pasnoo6pasnrmn n, n cnny cnoen
cnmnonnneckon npnpor, neoc+ynnrmn cnonecnrm onncannm.
hm6a cnc+ema kommynnkannn ocymec+nnma +onrko n kon+ekc+e 6onee o6mnpnon
me+acnc+emr. n naynno-+exnnnecknx kommynnkannn +akon me+acnc+emon nne+c
ec+ec+nennrn srk. Me+acnc+emon, ko+opa naene+ cmrcnamn .nemen+r xyoec+nennrx
kommynnkannn n ononpemenno onpeene+ rpannnr nx nonnmann, cnyn+ kynr+ypna cpea
n e nenoc+noc+n n mnororpannoc+n. Becr onnaenne koamn xyoec+nennrx
kommynnkannn nponcxon+ n nponecce +ak nasrnaemoro aan+nnnoro noneenn. B c+a+re
nonna cnsr, 1969 Fperopn Ben+con +ak o6rcne+ ero:

Bce 6nonornneckne cnc+emr (oprannsmr n connanrnre nnn .konornneckne
oprannsannn oprannsmon) cnoco6nr npe+epnena+r aan+nnnre nsmenenn.
Aan+nnnre nsmenenn nrc+ynam+ no mnoec+ne qopm +aknx, kak peaknn,
o6ynenne, .konornneckoe nacneonanne, 6nonornnecka .nonmnn, kynr+ypna
.nonmnn n +.., n sanncnmoc+n o+ pasmepon n cnonoc+n paccma+pnnaemon cnc+emr.
<c+p. 262>
Kakona 6r nn 6rna cnc+ema, aan+nnnre nsmenenn sannc+ o+ ne+enr -C.+*2-;
4,8@3, 6yr +o mexannsmr ec+ec+nennoro o+6opa nnn nnnnnyanrnoro nokpennenn.
Bo ncex cnynax neo6xonmr nponecc 7.-C 3 -P3C-A n mexannsm 4.+,20238.
Ho n nponecce npo6 n omn6ok nens6enr omn6kn, a sa nnx npnxon+c
pacnnannna+rc 6nonornneckn nnn qnsnneckn. Ho.+omy aan+nnnre nsmenenn
onnr nocn+r nepapxnnecknn xapak+ep.
Conmema n nsanmocnsrna mnorne ne+nn o6pa+non cnsn, mr (n nce nponne
6nonornneckne cnc+emr) ne +onrko paspemaem konkpe+nre npo6nemr, no +ake
nrpa6a+rnaem 2+,=A, ko+oprn sa+em ncnonrsye+c n pemenn A5+44-, npo6nem-
pyrnmn cnonamn, mr (oprannsmr) BF3>48 BF3*J48.
dopmnpyemre nanrkn nenoa+nnnr, n nx ec+koc+r onpeene+c nonoennem n
nepapxnn aan+annn. Cama .konomn n nponecce npo6 n omn6ok /-4*3E+0*48...
nmenno +em, n+o npenocrnkn ncnonrsyemrx nanrkon ne nepecma+pnnam+c n ne
o+kprnam+c sanono. 3+n npenocrnkn mono cnn+a+r nac+nnno 6eccosna+enrnrmn.
enc+nona+r nnn nrc+yna+r n kanec+ne onon ns c+opon nsanmoenc+nn snann+
npenonara+r nannnne pyron c+oponr. Taknm o6pasom yc+anannnnae+c A-2*0A4*
n onpeennnoro knacca peaknnn. Hepenne+enne kon+ekc+on n coo6mennn,
o6pasymmnx kon+ekc+, A-*-.=0, noo6no nm6rm coo6mennm, o6pe+am+
cmrcn +onrko 6naroap kon+ekc+y, n nne+c npeme+om +ak nasrnaemon
+eopnn nonnon cnsn. [3]

Tepmnn cnyxonoe> n nasnannn annon rnanr o+nocn+c k cnoco6noc+n nocnpn+n
c+pyk+ypnrx .nemen+on n o+nomennn n mysrkanrnom coo6mennn. Hpn .+om o6mnn kon+ekc+
ncex cymec+nymmnx n nosmonrx coo6mennn n mysrke sananon +pannnn saa+c +em,
n+o mono nasna+r +ononrm nonem. 3+o+ kon+ekc+, o6naammnn n nepapxnn mysrkanrnrx
nanrkon npesnrnanno nrcoknm c+a+ycom, omnnnpye+ na nanrkamn nocnpn+n ncex
nac+noc+en mysrkanrnrx c+pyk+yp.
B nepapxnn koon mysrkanrnon kommynnkannn +ononoe none coc+anne+ camrn
rny6oknn, qynamen+anrnrn cnon. Ero cymec+nonanne n cnonc+na npnsnam+c kak annoc+r,
ne +pe6ymma nponepkn, non+n kak npnponrn qenomen (kakonrm ono o+nmr ne nne+c,
nonpekn akyc+nnecknm onoam mysrkanrnrx +eope+nkon pasnrx npemn).
H+o6r sanonnn+r npo6en n xo+ 6r o+nac+n ycnn+r non+n necosnanaemre
npenocrnkn cnc+emr o+nomennn, o6pasymmnx +ononoe none sananon mysrkn,
neo6xonmo ynne+r .+n o+nomenn n kon+ekc+e sananon kynr+ypr npocnen+r nx kopnn
n 6onee o6mnx cqepax nenoneneckon e+enrnoc+n n onr+a, nrxomnx aneko sa npeenr
co6c+nenno mysrkanrnrx.
<c+p. 263>
)0.*3A+5J
Mr peko o+am ce6e o+n+ n nopasn+enrnrx cnoco6noc+x ae .nemen+apno
nocnn+annoro mysrkanrnoro cnyxa. On ne npoc+o nnqopmnpye+ mosr o nonynennom
cnyxonom omymennn n +aknm o6pasom nosnone+ ycnrma+r snyk. On conepmae+ nen+o
npnnnnnnanrno nnoe nocpec+nom ekonponann npenpamae+ n +on nnn nnoe snynanne
qnsnnecknn nponecc, ko+oprn, kak +akonon, cnyxy neoc+ynen, nepe6pacrnae+ moc+
mey qnsnnecknm n ncnxnnecknm.
pyrne qopmr konponann +oro e qnsnneckoro nponecca mono nne+r n
nsnnnnc+on 6oposke rpamsanncn, n npno-6enrx ysopax snykonon opokn qnnrma, n
pncynke pacnonoenn enesnon nrnn, nocrnannon na marnn+nym nen+y, nnn n
npnnynnnon nncke nonn na .kpane ocnnnnockona. Tak nrrn+ rpaqnneckne .knnnanen+r
kone6annn nosymnon cper, ko+opre mr nocnpnnnmaem kak +on nnn snynanne.
Bce .+n qopmr kay+c nponsnonrnrmn, nnmnnrmn kakon-nn6o ynoponennoc+n,
ecnn +onrko mr ne nmeem eno c .nemen+apnrmn .nek+ponno renepnpyemrmn
cnnyconanrnrmn kone6annmn, ko+opre nocnpnnnmam+c kak +on nac+onrko
6ecxapak+epnrn, n+o C+pannnckomy n nm nynnacr yrposa c+epnnnsannn. Ecnn nepe
namn mysrkanrnrn snyk nokanrnrn nnn nnc+pymen+anrnrn, +o n nm mono o6napyn+r
neko+oprn nopok, pasnonn ero cnonym nonnonym qopmy na .nemen+apnre
cnnyconanrnre komnonen+r +ak nasrnaemoro pa dypre. B n+ore nonynaem nnnennrn
cnek+p na6op nac+o+, n 2, 3, 4, 5 n +.. pas npenrmammnx nac+o+y ocnonnoro +ona, mey
ko+oprmn pacnpeene+c o6ma .neprn snykonrx kone6annn. B nonynennon +aknm
o6pasom cymme ncera o6napynnae+c neoc+ana: nenpannnrnoc+n, o+knonenn n
mymonre npnsnykn, ko+opre am+ snyky nsnr n onpeenm+ ero mysrkanrnym nennoc+r,
oc+am+c sa npeenamn c+epnnrno ma+ema+nneckoro onncann.
3nek+ponnre anannsa+opr am+ nosmonoc+r na6nma+r nenpeprnnrn cnek+p
snykonoro nponecca, nan6onee nonno o+paammnn cnonc+na akyc+nneckoro qenomena. Ho
cnyxonon opran nnnero ne snae+ o cnek+pax. Bapa6anna nepenonka pearnpye+ na nosymnre
nonnr +onno +ak e, kak rpammoqonna nrna na nsnnnnnr opokn: onomepno. H +onrko
6naroap o6pa6o+ke komnrm+e-
<c+p. 264>
pom mosra, mr cnrmnm ne cnonenmnn na6op nac+o+, a mysrkanrnrn +on onpeennnon
nrco+r. Bo6anok, .+o+ +on kae+c nocn+enem cnennqnnnrx kanec+nennrx oco6ennoc+en:
on o6naae+ onpeennnrm +em6pom. Brco+a n +em6p nocnpnnnmam+c kak an+onomnre
cnonc+na +ona: nnc+pymen+r n ronoca coxpanm+ cnom nnnnnyanrnoc+r nesanncnmo o+
nrco+r, a nrco+a pacnosna+c npn nm6rx +em6ponrx napnannx. Onomepnre kone6ann
6apa6annon nepenonkn +pancqopmnpym+c n cnennqnneckn nenonenecknn nonnon nnan
cnyxonoro nocnpn+n n onenkn snynann.
Takon, nnponem, npoc+enmnn nanrk mysrkanrnoro cnrmann, na 6ase ko+oporo
cnyx oc+nrae+ em 6onee nopasn+enrnrx pesynr+a+on. Onomepnre snykonre nonnr,
nsnynaemre mnorosnynnrm nnc+pymen+om, ancam6nem, xopom nnn opkec+pom, nepe
cnonoc+rm ko+oprx nacym+ camre conepmennre .nek+ponnre anannsa+opr, cnyx
+pancqopmnpye+ n cosnesn cno pasnnnnmrx nrco+, +em6pon n o+enrnrx ronocon.
3+n 6eccosna+enrnre +pancqopmannn c+ko sanporpammnponanr n c+pyk+ypax
nocnpn+n: mey cnyxonrm paspaennem n cnrmnmrm mysrkanrnrm snynannem
naxon+c nensnec+na cnc+ema npeo6pasonannn. B kn6epne+nke +aka cnc+ema nasrnae+c
npnrm mnkom n onpeene+c ny+m yc+anonnenn koppennnn mey cnrnanom na ero
nxoe n o+ne+om na nrxoe. Onako npnrn mnk mysrkanrnoro cnrmann ne noa+c
+akomy anannsy. Becr nxonon n nrxonon cnrnanr mexannneckne kone6ann 6apa6annon
nepenonkn n ncnxnnecknn snykonon o6pas npnnnnnnanrno pasnnnnr no cnoen npnpoe n
no+omy necoo+nocnmr. Pemammee pasnnnne coc+on+ n +om, n+o npoyk+ nensnec+nrx
npeo6pasonannn oc+ynen +onrko nocnpnnnmammemy cy6rek+y.
Xopomo nsnec+no, nackonrko necxonmn 6rnam+ cy6rek+nnnre nocnpn+n onoro
n +oro e akyc+nneckoro qenomena. Hepasnn+rn cnyx nocnpnnnmae+ mysrkanrnoe snynanne
kak (nqqysnoe omymenne +pyno onpeennmrx kanec+n. Hpn neko+opon noro+onke
nannnam+ pasnnna+rc o+enrnre vona. Bonee ocnona+enrna +pennponka cnyxa +pe6ye+c
n +oro, n+o6r ne cmemnna+r veu6p +ona c ero nmcovon, +onnoc+r onenkn ko+opon n cnom
oneper naprnpye+c. Onr+nre nac+ponmnkn ponen n opranon onennnam+ ana+omnm +ona
ero o6ep+ona, kom6nnannonnre +ona n 6nenn: nx sa6o+n+ kanec+no +ona. B nnrx
kynr+ypax n mysrke cnrma+ ne +ona n +em6pr, a marnnecknn ronoc nesemnero mnpa.
Takomy mnoec+ny o6pason nocnpn+n onno coo+ne+c+nona+r ananornnnoe
pasnoo6pasne cnc+em o6pa6o+kn konponann
<c+p. 265>
n ekonponann akyc+nneckon nnqopmannn. Kaa cnc+ema nknmnae+ na6op
onpeennnrx qnnr+pon kpn+epnen nr6opa, pacnosnanann n onenkn,
npec+annmmnx +e nnn nnre ncnxnneckne npoyk+r npeo6pasonannn n ocosnann n
peaknnn. H kaa nne+c pesynr+a+om cnennannsannn ns6npa+enrnoro pasnn+n onnx
n noannenn pyrnx cnoco6noc+en, no+ennnanrno npncymnx nenoneky. on Bn.knnr
ronopn+ o pasnn+nn .+nx no+ennnn kak o nponecce, nanpannemom n nnmn+npyemom
kynr+ypon.

Bonpoc nackonrko mysrkanen nenonek? cnsan c 6onee o6mnmn nonpocamn
kakona npnpoa nenoneka? n kakonr npeenr ero kynr+ypnoro pasnn+n?... B
mnpe cymec+nye+ +ak mnoro mysrkn, n+o nnonne pasymno npenonon+r, n+o mysrka,
noo6no srky n, nosmono, pennrnn, nne+c cnennqnneckon nep+on
6nonornneckoro nna, k ko+opomy npnnanen+ nenonek. He ncknmneno, n+o
cymnoc+nre qnsnonornneckne n mrcnn+enrnre nponeccr, enammne nosmonrmn
cosanne n ncnonnenne mysrkn, nacneym+c rene+nneckn. Honnmanne .+nx n nnrx
nponeccon... moe+ nanec+n na mrcnr, n+o nenonek cymec+no 6onee samena+enrnoe
n oapnnoe, nem +o, nem emy nosnonm+ c+a+r mnorne o6mec+na. 3+o ne nnna
kynr+ypr, kak +akonon, no nnna camoro nenoneka, ko+oprn omn6onno o+nocn+c k
cpec+nam kynr+ypr kak k camonenn n no+omy nn+ pa(n kynr+ypr, a ne nonepx
kynr+ypr. [4]

Cpen orpannnennn, qopmnpymmnx mysrkanrnoe cnrmanne n sananon kynr+ype,
omnnnpymmee mec+o o+non+c snykonrco+noc+n. 3+o+ qak+op na npo+ennn nekon
coc+anne+ nesr6nemym ocnony ncex nponeccon n sananon mysrke, ncex e konkpe+nrx
nanpannennn, c+nnen n xyoec+nennrx cpec+n. Kapn Cnmop onncrnae+ snanenne
snykonrco+noc+n n camrx ka+eropnnecknx nrpaennx:

Brco+a .+o cymnoc+noe cpec+no mysrkanrnoro nrpaenn n nonnmann.
Bocnpn+ne +ona .+o nocnpn+ne nrco+r... Brco+a n mysrkan+a .+o +o e, n+o
kpacka n nnonncna: ero nrpasn+enrnoe cpec+no. Byr +o nen nnn neanr,
nac+poenne nnn c+pac+r, +exnnka nnn .monn; 6yr +o peanrnre nnn noo6paaemre
snynann; 6yr +o cnymanne, ncnonnenne nnn connnenne, cymnoc+r, coepanne,
nnac+nneckoe cpec+no mysrkn .+o nrco+a. [5]

dnsnneckn nrco+a onpeene+c nac+o+on kone6annn, no cnyma+enr ne
nocnn+rnae+ .+n kone6ann, a mysrkan+, nac+pannammnn cnon nnc+pymen+, npocn+ a+r
emy n, a ne 435 nnn 440 kone6annn n cekyny. Kak e mr nocnpnnnmaem n onennnaem
nrco+y rona? Tona cpannnnam+c n coo+noc+c kak nrcokne n nnskne;
nocneona+enrnoc+n +onon onncrnam+c kak nocxomne
<c+p. 266>
nnn nncxomne; menon nnrae+c no c+ynenm snykopa; o6rnno ona nopynae+c
nepxnemy ronocy, no nnora nnnemy nnn cpenemy. Hepenenr ananornnnrx
nrpaennn, cnsrnammnx nrco+y +ona c +onkamn n nepememennmn n nep+nkanrnom
nsmepennn, 6rno 6r ne+pyno npoonn+r. Hx nenrs cnec+r nponsnonrno
me+aqopnnecknmn, no+omy n+o onn npec+annm+ co6on ne onn ns nosmonrx, no
ennc+nenno oc+ynnrn cnoco6 nocnpn+n n onncann... nrco+r +ona.
Onako npoc+panc+nennre konno+annn snykonrco+noc+n, c+onr nesamennmre n,
onennno, 6esycnonnre n sananon mysrke, nmem+ orpannnennoe pacnpoc+panenne. O6 nnrx
cnoco6ax nocnpn+n n onenkn nrco+r n pyrnx kynr+ypax ronop+ npnn+re n nnx
nrpaenn. Kak coo6mae+ Anan Meppnam,

Tona, ko+opre mr nasrnaem nrcoknmn, 6amn onncrnam+ kak manenrkne nnn
cna6re, a namn nnskne +ona onn nasrnam+ 6onrmnmn nnn cnnrnrmn...
Yon+ep Hnenc nnme+, n+o n nnemenn nay na Conomononrx oc+ponax nnskne snykn
nasrnam+c CB5B, n+o snann+ npnre, a nrcokne A,+-, +o ec+r 6enre; .+n
nanmenonann nponcxo+ o+ o+me+ok, enaemrx yrnem na ocke, re npnre
nncxomne m+pnxn nasrnam+c npnrmn, a nerkne nocxomne 6enrmn...
Hnem 6aconra, re yenn oco6oe nnnmanne npo6neme menync+nennrx
nocnpn+nn, nasrnam+ nrcokne +ona manenrknmn (5B705+), a nnskne6onrmnmn
(5BA+*+) [6]

B nnonesnnckon mysrke, kak pacckasan an+opy n nnnnon 6ecee Cymapcam,
nrcokne +ona +ake nepeko xapak+epnsym+c kak manenrkne, a nnskne kak 6onrmne,
onako, napy c .+nm ncnonrsym+c pyrne onncann, ko+opre +pyno cnsa+r c nem-nn6o
snakomrm. Tak, rpynna nnsko snynamnx nnc+pymen+on ramenana nasrnae+c cnonom,
osnanammnm enckoe, a rpynna nrcoknx nnc+pymen+on cnonom, osnanammnm myckoe.
H+r c+ynenen nen+a+onnneckon rammr nmenym+c n nocxomem nanpannennn 7022B2EB5,
EB5B, /+/+, 53>+ n 20>, n+o nepenon+c kak ronona, ropno, rpyr, 5 (nosmono, c
ykasannem na n+r nanrnen pykn) n 6 +ak, n+o snykop, kak 6r c+on+ na cnoen
ronone.
Kak nsnec+no, manenrkne e+n na Banae nac+o ny+am+ nocxomee nnenne c
nncxomnm n nrcokne snykn c nnsknmn, npenonn+a pasnnna+r nx kak manenrkne n
6onrmne, +onkne n +onc+re, cne+nre n +mnre. hnmr nnocnec+nnn, nmec+e c
npno6pe+ennem o6mero onr+a opnen+annn n npoc+panc+ne onn ocnannam+ npoc+panc+nennre
konno+annn snykonrco+noc+n.
<c+p. 267>
O+cma mono cena+r oc+a+onno onennnrn nrno: cnsr +ona c nrco+nrm,
nep+nkanrnrm nsmepennem ne nne+c cnynaem cnnec+esnn; ona neo6rcnnma na ocnone
ncnxoqnsnonornneckon nacnec+nennoc+n nnn nnnnnyanrnoro nync+nennoro onr+a.
Brco+na xapak+epnc+nka +ona .+o ne omymenne nnn nocnpn+ne, no a6c+paknn,
nsnnennna ns o6mero npoc+panc+nennoro onr+a n nepenecnna na mysrky. B .+om
kon+ekc+e npenonon+enrnrn kommen+apnn Meppnama no nonoy onoon konnern kae+c
cnnmkom oc+oponrm. On nnme+:

An+op, no nnnmomy, y+nepae+, n+o +ak nasrnaema cnnec+esn nna, nem
+e, n+o cno o+paam+ nync+nennym koppennnm, nnenne kynr+ypno
o6cycnonnennoe, npenonarammee ne +onrko oprannsonannym cnc+emy cnsen, no n
rny6oko neamnn, nnymnnrn kynr+ypon cnmnonnnecknn cmrcn. [7]

Hepennanne n onncanne snykonrco+noc+n n sananon mysrke n nep+nkanrnom
nsmepennn, enc+nn+enrno, nne+c npoyk+om cnmnonnsannn. Hesamennmoe n nnane
neonpeennmoe mysrkanrnoe non+ne nrco+r cnyn+ nanenmnm cnonom n ynnkanrnom
srke, na ko+opom mysrka ronopn+ c nenonekom sananon kynr+ypr, nepenonnkom
mey akyc+nneckon, nenocpec+nenno neoc+ynnon peanrnoc+rm mysrkn n e ncnxnnecknm
o6pasom. 3+o ne nponsnonrnoe nso6pe+enne nn+ennek+a n ne nno sakpennnmnxc acconnannn,
no nc+nnnrn cnmnon, ponnmnnc ns mnororpannoro onr+a, ko+oprn nrennn
npoc+panc+nennoe nsmepenne kak oco6o nanoe, naennn ero kommynnka+nnnon cnnon n
nopynnn emy oco6ym ponr. Hpnmena+enrno, n+o pyrne kynr+ypr ne nomnn no .+omy ny+n,
xo+ mnornm ns nnx nrco+nre konno+annn +ona n pernc+pa ne nnonne nyr.
O6 .+om mono cyn+r no e+anm mnornx nennnennrx no+annn, ncnonrsyemrx n
pasnnnnrx panonax mnpa. B pennnx +ekc+ax enpenckon, nnsan+nnckon, cnpnnckon n
rpnropnanckon nn+yprnn nonrmenn n cnar penn+npymmero ronoca o+menam+c
nocxomnmn (/) n nncxomnmn ( \ ) .kqone+nnecknmn m+pnxamn. B nnnnckon nenneckon
no+annn, re c+ynenn o6osnanam+c nnqpamn, ok+annre +pancnosnnnn o+menenr yrnom,
o6pamennrm nnepx ( /\ ) nnn nnns ( V). Canckpn+cka 6yknenna no+ann ncnonrsye+ c .+on
nenrm +onkn na nnn no coo+ne+c+nymmen 6yknon, a mnkpo+ononre o+knonenn
o6osnanam+c kopo+knm m+pnxom nep+nkanrnrm na nnqpon nnn ropnson+anrnrm no nen.
B nec+opnanckon no+annn, pacnpoc+pannnmenc nocne V neka na Bnnnem n anrnem
Boc+oke, nrepannrn ocenon +on o6osnanae+c nnnnon ro-
<c+p. 268>
pnson+anrnon nnnnen, a noxor k nemy n yxor o+ nero +onkamn na nnn no .+on nnnnen
( ), nncno ko+oprx (o+ onon o +px) onpeene+ mnpnny menonneckoro mara.
B nepornnqnneckon nnc+pymen+anrnon no+annn, pacnpoc+pannnon n Cpenen Asnn,
rnnccannpymmnn nepexo o+ onon nrco+r k pyron nepea+c naknonnon nnnnen na
coo+ne+c+nymmnmn snankamn:


Takne snakn nnora nasrnam+ neorpammamn, nockonrky onn nepeam+ nen
nenocpec+nenno n nnsyanrnon qopme, mnny cnonecnre onncann n konnennnn, n no+omy onn
mory+ nesanncnmo nosnnka+r n pasnnnnrx kynr+ypax. Bnponem, cnono nenocpec+nenno n
annom kon+ekc+e necrma ne +onno: mr nnnero ne snaem n moem nnmr c+pon+r orakn o
npnpoe n mexannsmax c+onr nceo6men +pancqopmannn cnyxonoro paspaenn n
npec+annenne nrco+r.
Hpoc+panc+nennre xapak+epnc+nkn +onon, ne y+pannna cnoero cnmnonnneckoro
snanenn, mory+ kopenn+rc n n komnnekcnrx cnnec+esnx. Kak ye ynomnnanocr, nnskne
snykn 6onee nnn menee perynpno onpeenm+c kak +nre, ryc+re, 6onrmne, +mnre, a
nrcokne kak nrkne, npospannre, manenrkne n cne+nre. He+rpe cornacn (+pnxopa)
pennepycckon snykopnon cnc+emr nasrnam+c (n nocxomem nopke) npoc+oe,
mpannoe, cne+noe n +pncne+noe.
Ha acconnannn .+oro +nna onnpae+c ona ns +eopnn, o6rcnmmnx
npoc+panc+nennoe nsmepenne snykonrco+noc+n +em6panrnon komnonen+on +ona n cnsannrmn
c nen on+nnecknmn acconnannmn qo+nsmamn. Onako on+nneckne acconnannn, ko+opre
mono c neko+opon onen npanonoo6n cnsa+r co cnoco6noc+rm pasnnnenn pernc+pon, ne
nomoram+ non+r nopasn+enrnym +onnoc+r ae ne cnnmkom pasnn+oro mysrkanrnoro cnyxa n
onenke mnpnnr manrx nrco+nrx nn+epnanon.
pyra +eopn coo+nocn+ npec+annenne nrco+r c +pem pasenamn nokanrnoro
annapa+a, cnsannrmn y nennon c cy6rek+nnnrm omymennem pesonanca snykon pasnnnnon
nrenn, c rpynon kne+kon, ropnom n rononon. Coo+ne+c+nenno, nanason nenneckoro ronoca
nopasene+c na +pn pernc+pa nnnnn, cpennn n nrcoknn. 3+a +eopn oco6enno
nonynpna cpen nennon: nrpa6a+rnaema nmn cnoco6noc+r 6onee +onnon nokannsannn
pesonanca nny+pn kaon ns o6nac+en nomorae+ kon+ponnpona+r nrco+y npons-
<c+p. 269>
nonmoro snyka. B pesynr+a+e, npn npoxoennn ronoca nepes necr nanason pesonnpymma
+onka kae+c ckonrsmen o+ naqparmr nepes rpynym kne+ky k nepeny.
Xo+ .+a +eopn +ake ne nnonne yonne+nopn+enrna, ona npnnnekae+ nnnmanne k
nny+pennnm, nponpnonen+nnnrm omymennm kak ocnone nrco+noro cnyxa. Cney no .+omy
ny+n, Bonrqranr Kenep n 1915 roy npenononn, a sa+em .kcnepnmen+anrno no+nepnn, n+o
n nrpa6o+ke nrco+noro cnyxa pemamma ponr enc+nn+enrno npnnanen+
nponpnonen+nnnrm omymennm, no ncxomnm ne o+ pesonnpymmnx nonoc+en nokanrnoro
annapa+a, a o+ mrmennrx nanpennn ronoconrx cnsok. To e na6nmenne enae+ Meppnam
na ocnone nsynenn nnenckoro nnemenn 6aconrrn:

Hsnec+na cnsr yc+anannnnae+c mey nrco+on n mrmennrm ycnnnem:
mysrkan+ nrpa6a+rnae+ npnnrnky k onpeenennomy ycnnnm, ko+opoe on cnn+ae+
npannnrnrm. [8]

Meppnam ronopn+ o kpn+epnn npannnrnon nrco+r +ona, c ko+oporo nenen 6aconrrn
nannnae+ necnm. Kenep npnnncrnae+ mrmennomy ycnnnm 6onee o6mym ponr, y+nepa, n+o
cnoco6noc+r ycnrma+r +onnym nrco+y sanncn+ o+ cnoco6noc+n nocnponsnec+n e
co6c+nennrm ronocom. Cnrma+r menonm snann+ ononpemenno ne+r e npo ce6, c
sakpr+rm p+om nnn ncnyx. ae n nepnom cnynae nam nokanrnrn annapa+ ak+nnno enc+nye+,
nenpeprnno nac+pannacr na npec+annemym n annrn momen+ nrco+y +ona, n n nm6oe
mrnonenne ro+on nocnponsnec+n e. Omymenn pasnnnnrx c+enenen nanpenn ronoconrx
cnsok, cnsrnaemre co cnrmnmon n nocnponsnonmon nrco+on +ona, mono, +aknm o6pasom,
npnn+r sa rnannrn mexannsm nrco+noro cnyxa. [9] Hose 6rna o6napyena ananornnna
cnsr mey mrmennon ak+nnnoc+rm n penrm. Bonee +oro, kak nokasann mnoroo6pasnre
ncnxoqnsnonornneckne nccneonann, nocnpn+ne nm6oro poa ne nne+c naccnnnrm
o+paennem, no nknmnae+ e+enrnoc+r cy6rek+a: ono nosmono +onrko npn ycnonnn, n+o
cy6rek+ ak+nnno nocnponsnon+, ap+nkynnpye+, nmn+npye+, noccosae+ o6rek+.
Kenep ne ynomnnae+ o npoc+panc+nennrx konno+annx nocnpn+n nrco+r, n na
nepnrn nsrn moe+ nokasa+rc, n+o ero +eopn ne nmee+ nnnero o6mero c +emon nac+omero
pasena. H+o6r ynne+r .+y cnsr, oc+a+onno cena+r em onn mar.
Bc name snanne o ma+epnanrnom mnpe, nknmna name co6c+nennoe +eno, o6rnae+c
nepes qnsnneckym ak+nnnoc+r n mrmennrn onr+, ko+oprn H.H.Hannon nasrnan 6asanrnrm
komnonen-
<c+p. 270>
+om nocnpn+n n e+enrnoc+n opranon nync+n. Banenmen nep+on .+oro onr+a nne+c
+o, n+o on npno6pe+ae+c n rpann+annonnom none semnn, re nemn nmem+ nec, n nx
ec+ec+nennoe +ro+enne nnns npnxon+c npeoonena+r ycnnnem, nanpannennrm nnepx.
Bemnoe npn+enne, .+o+ nens6enrn .nemen+ npoc+panc+nennoro onr+a, npna+
nep+nkanrnomy nsmepennm oco6oe snanenne, nacrmae+ ero rny6oknmn cnmnonnnecknmn
cmrcnamn nennoc+nrmn, .monnonanrnrmn, mopanrnrmn n yxonnrmn.
Onyckanne rpysa conponoae+c nync+nom o6nernenn; norm +ec+n +pe6ye+
napamnnann ycnnn. nnenne ronoca nnepx n norm +ec+n nrsrnam+ no-pasnomy
nokannsonannre, no cy6rek+nnno +oec+nennre mrmennre omymenn. 3+a nepnnnna n
ynnnepcanrna ncnxoqnsnonornnecka cnsr qopmnpye+c y ncex nmen, cosana
no+ennnanrnym nosmonoc+r npec+annenn snykonrco+noro komnonen+a mysrkn n
nep+nkanrnom nsmepennn.
Becr nens6eno nosnnkae+ nonpoc: kakne cnennqnnnre nep+r sananon kynr+ypr n
e yxa cenann nep+nkanr rnannrm, camrm cymec+nennrm nsmepennem snykonrco+noc+n n
sananon mysrke +onno rpaynponannon mkanon, ko+opon sanporpammnponan cnyx
nm6oro noro+onnennoro cnyma+en, ne ronop ye o npoqeccnonanrnom mysrkan+e?
Hsnenna nepa n .kcnpeccnnnym cnny mysrkn cnsrnae+ e n nepnym oneper co
cnonc+namn nenoneneckoro ronoca c ero nrco+on, +em6pom, rpomkoc+rm, nn+onannonnon
rn6koc+rm, +emnom nsmenennn. An+nnnoe ynenne o6 nckycc+ne kak >3>0@340, nmn+annn
npnpor n omymaemrx qopmax camon npnpor, nc em nno, nrc+yna +enepr kak
npnnnnn nepnoc+n nsnennon npane. Mysrka noo6me, menon n nac+noc+n n n
oco6ennoc+n nocnpnnnmam+c n cnny .+oro kak nrpaenne ymennrx coc+onnn n nx
nnamnke npnnnnon n o+nnnon, normon n cnaon, onnnenn n npoc+pannn, nanpenn
n paspkn, nos6yenn n enpeccnn. Bce .+n nepemenr ne npoc+o noxon na nsmenenn
mrmennoro +onyca, no nensmenno conponoam+c nmn. Bonee +oro, mono y+nepa+r,
n+o, nonpekn xonemy y6eennm, peaknnen na mysrky nnm+c ne camn .monnn, no nx
couavnueckne cnunvoum, npnnnmaemre sa .monnn.
Bep+nkanrna npo+nnoc+r .monnonanrnrx nsn+on n naennn npno6pena n mnpe
xpnc+nanckon nepr ononnn+enrnrn cmrcn. B cone+annn c cnmnonnnecknm npoc+panc+nom
yannc+nnecknx onnosnnnn ona c+ana nsmepennem mopanrnrx n yxonnrx nennoc+en. yma
sananoro (ne o6sa+enrno nepymmero) nenoneka mene+c n
<c+p. 271>
momnom cnnonom none mey neconsmepnmo paso6mnnrmn nonmcamn ne6a n semnn, cne+a n
+rmr, nsnn n cmep+n, o6poe+enn n rpexa n nep+nkanrnom npoc+panc+ne xpnc+nanckon
pamr. H+o6r npn6nnsn+rc k Bory, namnn nenonek onen yno+pe6n+r cnny: Hapc+no
He6ecnoe cnnom 6epe+c, n yno+pe6nmmne ycnnne nocxnmam+ ero (Ma+q. 11; 12). Hoprn
nnepx, noponnmnn c+penonnnre mnnnn ka+onnnecknx co6opon, nrpaae+c n sananom
nckycc+ne n 6ecnncnennrx qopmax, ko+opre cymmnponanr nananrnrmn cnonamn 129-ro
Hcanma onon ns neckonrknx Hecnen nocxoenn Hs rny6nnr nsrnam k Te6e,
Focnon. (Tn6e+cknn monax nnn+ ce6 n nnom yxonnom npoc+panc+ne: on ne nsrnae+ ns
rny6nnr, no onyckae+ cnon ronoc n nemrcnnmo nnsknn pernc+p, c+pemcr nosmono rny6e
norpysn+rc n Hnn+o n Hpeno, nopoammee nc cymee.)
Brpocmnn na nonne .nnnnnc+nneckon kynr+ypr sananrn nn+ennek+ ynacneonan e
nepy no nce+nopmym cnny horoca n n morymec+no nncen ero neanrnoro nrpaenn. Co
npemn Hna+ona n Hnqaropa nncna n nncnonre o+nomenn nonn+am+c npononnkamn n mnp
nnc+on nc+nnr. Mysrka c+ana mrcnn+rc kak nepnoe n npenmymec+nennoe nonnomenne
+annr nopka n rapmonnn, saknmnnnon n nncnax. Kyp+ Bakc cnsrnae+ .+o c+pemnenne c
.+ocom nrcokon o6poe+enrm.

3+oc... ykasrnae+, kak ronopn+ Hna+on, na nynmym nac+r ymn, ko+opa
cknonna onep+r nync+ny mepr n pacne+y. 3+o osnanano A+5-A+E+*3Y
+oec+nennoc+r kpaco+r n o6poe+enn n npenonarano nepy n a6conm+nre,
nemenmmnec nennoc+n, conepmenc+no, nopmy n noc+onc+no. [10]

Henrm n npoyk+om +akoro nckycc+na nne+c oprannsann, qopma, c+pyk+ypa.
Ono ynpanne+c +onnrmn sakonamn mepr, o+nomennn n nponopnnn. Hs ncex nckycc+n
mysrka a+, noanyn, nan6onee 6ora+re nosmonoc+n konc+pyk+nnnoro, nornneckn
ynoponennoro +nopnec+na.
Bosmonoc+r +onnoro kon+pon na nrco+on n nn+enrnoc+rm enae+ mysrkanrnrn
+on nonc+nne neanrnrm c+pon+enrnrm ma+epnanom. Tonnoc+r nrco+noro cnyxa oc+nrae+c
n moe+ 6r+r non+a nnmr n cnsn c ero mrmennrm komnonen+om. Hponpnonen+nnnre
omymenn, cony+c+nymmne nocnponsneennm cnrmnmon nrco+r +ona peanrnomy nnn
monnannnomy, onon npnpor c +emn, n+o nanpannm+ pyky mnennpa, pesnnka, xnpypra,
xyonnka. B ocnone e nnennn, kak n n ocnone nrco+noro cnyxa, nen+ onr+,
npno6pe+aemrn n qnsnneckom npoc+panc+ne nocpec+nom
<c+p. 272>
ncex cymec+nymmnx y nenoneka nnon o6pa+non cnsn nnsyanrnon, cnyxonon, +ak+nnrnon,
mo+opnon n +.n. Tonkoc+r nponpnonen+nnnrx omymennn n, coo+ne+c+nenno, +onnoc+r
kon+pon na nnennmn pykn nnn coc+onnem ronoconrx cnsok moe+
conepmenc+nona+rc non+n 6ecnpeenrno ncnomnnm o no.max, nanep+annrx na pnconom
sepne, nnn o nac+ponmnkax, cnoco6nrx pasnnna+r nana+ym onm nony+ona.
Onako +o+ e 6asanrnrn komnonen+ moe+ pasnnna+rc n n nnrx nanpannennx.
Pasnnnenne n nepnoe nocnponsneenne E+>+A3 n nnnnckon mysrke +nnnsnponannrx
ckonrennn, +penen, nn6pa+o, mnkpo+ononrx kanannn npenonarae+ nannnne ne +onrko
nrco+noro cnyxa, ne menee oc+poro, nem cnyx sananoro mysrkan+a, no n pasnn+on
cnoco6noc+n na6nma+r n nocnponsnon+r cno6onoe nnenne +ona n ero nopon
neynonnmon nnamnke.
Cnyx sananrx mysrkan+on conepmenc+nye+c n o6pamennn co c+a6nnrnrmn
nopmannsonannrmn nrco+amn n nn+epnanamn. 3+o+ nponecc npocnennae+c n
nc+opnnecknx me+amopqosax, npnnemnx k conpemennon nnnennon no+annn. Hncna,
apnqme+nneckne n reome+pnneckne o+nomenn crrpann ne nocnenmm ponr n npenpamennn
rn6knx +ekynnx neorpamm nenma+nneckon no+annn n pr no+nrx rononok, +npo
pasmemnnrx na n+n nnnenkax n n nn+epnanax mey nnmn. Mono npocnen+r n +o, kak
.+n nnnnn nonnnncr c +enennem npemenn, n nep+nkanrnoe npoc+panc+no, nekora o+kpr+oe
n nepernamen+nponannoe, kpnc+annnsonanocr, npenpa+nnmncr n n+ore n nec+nnny
nckpe+nrx c+anap+nrx nrco+.
Fononkn no+ coo+noc+c ne +onrko no nrco+e. Onn naxo+c +ake npanee nnn
nenee ona pyron. C+poka no+noro +ekc+a nyxmepna; mnnnmym nyxmepno n c+pyk+ypnoe
npoc+panc+no sananon mysrkn. Ero n+opoe nsmepenne ropnson+anr.
6-.3@-2*+5J
Ecnn ma+epnan mysrkn +on, +o mysrkanrna c+pyk+ypa 434*0>+ o+nomennn
mey +onamn, .nemen+apnon ennnnen ko+oprx nne+c nn+epnan. Teope+nkn onpeenm+
nn+epnan kak pacc+onne mey nym pasnonrco+nrmn +onamn. anee, nn+epnanr en+c
na ncconancr n konconancr conepmennre n neconepmennre. 3+a xapak+epnc+nka
onpeene+c ne mnpnnon nn+epnana: no
<c+p. 273>
mepe ynennnenn nncna nony+onon n nn+epnane konconancr n ncconancr nepeym+c. Ona
onpeene+c akyc+nneckn nncnonrm o+nomennem mey nac+o+on kone6annn nepxnero n
nnnero +onon: nem menrme .+o po6noe nncno, +em ncconan+nee nn+epnan.
Onako qnsnko-akyc+nnecknn kpn+epnn o+nmr ne 6esycnonen. B mysrkanrno-
c+pyk+ypnom kon+ekc+e, ynncon (1:1), ok+ana (2:1) n nonna ok+ana (4:1) nnm+c
+oec+nennrmn n nsanmosamenemrmn conepmennrmn konconancamn; yoennma (8:3)
o6naae+ +emn e c+pyk+ypnrmn cnonc+namn, n+o n knap+a (4:3), n +ak anee. Hensnec+no,
cna6n nn nenonenecknn mosr neknm akyc+nnecknm kanrkyn+opom, no, cnrma n
onpeen nn+epnan, mr ne ymaem o6 o+nomennx nac+o+ n ae ne nocnn+rnaem
nony+ona. Mr pykonoc+nyemc nnrmn kpn+epnmn.
Pasnnnenne nn+epnanon nponcxon+ n nyx, no-nnnmomy, nesanncnmrx nnanax,
cnsannrx c nym pasnrmn +nnamn nocnpn+n n cnoco6amn onncann.
Hepnrn, ko+oprn mono ycnonno nasna+r nync+nenno-cosepna+enrnrm, onennnae+
kanec+no, okpacky nn+epnana ncknmnn+enrno nocpec+nom cnnec+e+nnecknx
xapak+epnc+nk. Meppnam nn+npye+ saknmnenne onoro .kcnepnmen+anrnoro nccneonann:

Mono, +aknm o6pasom, cymmnpona+r xapak+epnre kanec+na .+nx nn+epnanon
cneymmnm o6pasom: ok+ana rnaka; cen+nma +epnka, rpy6o-oc+pa, +epnko-
nona; cekc+a mrka, 6apxa+nc+a, conna; knnn+a nonnc+a, nyc+a,
c+ka; knap+a nacrmenna, ec+ka, rpy6a; +epnn mrka, nackamma;
cekyna ckpe6yma, napanamma. [11]

o cnx nop y nac ne+ +eopnn, cnoco6non ckonrko-nn6yr y6en+enrno o6rcnn+r
nponcxoenne noo6nrx xapak+epnc+nk, c+onr ckyno o+paammnx ropaso 6onee
6ora+rn n nqqepennnponannrn nync+nennrn cnek+p nocnpnnnmaemoro nn+epnana.
B+opon npenonarae+ nap+nnnnannm, coynac+ne, 6essnynnoe nenne. na +ona
nn+epnana cpannnnam+c ny+m nonepemennon nac+ponkn na nnx nokanrnoro annapa+a, n
nc+annn mey nnmn nsmepe+c pasnnnen n nanpennn ronoconrx cnsok. Fpanen+
.+oro mrmennoro ycnnn cnyn+ +onnon mepon nennnnnr n neca nn+epnana. Pacnosna+r,
+o ec+r nocnpnn+r nn+epnan snann+ onnae+r nm nocpec+nom enc+nennoro ycnnn,
npeoone+r n onenn+r ero conpo+nnnenne qnsnnecknm ak+om. Pacckas C+pannnckoro o6
onom ns .nnsoon cnoero +nopnec+na, npn ncen npnnynnnoc+n nopo6noc+en, ronopn+ o6
onr+e, cy+r ko+oporo non+na nm6omy mysrkan+y.
<c+p. 274>

Hosnonr+e pacckasa+r o6 onom cne, ko+oprn noce+nn men, kora connnn
Threni. Onar, sapa6o+anmncr o nosnero nenepa, nr n noc+enr, mynnmrn
onnm nn+epnanom. 3+o+ nn+epnan mne npncnnnc. On npenpa+nnc n .nac+nnnoe
nemec+no, pac+ny+oe mey nym sanncannrmn mnom no+amn, npnnm na kaom
konne, no no+amn, 6rno no nny, 6onrmomy nny. Onn 6rnn c+yennc+rmn na omynr
( no+poran nx) n +nnrmn, n samn+nrx o6ononkax. B npocnync c ynepennoc+rm, n+o
mon nn+epnan 6rn npannnrnrm. [12]

Hem mnpe nn+epnan mey +onamn, +em 6onrmee ycnnne +pe6ye+c n+o6r pac+ny+r
.nac+nnnoe nemec+no. B .+om cmrcne ec+r rpomana pasnnna mey cekynon n nonon,
ko+opre c+pyk+ypno +oec+nennr, no n ak+nnnoro nocnpn+n, nap+nnnnannn, +ak e
necpannnmr, kak nrkoe nnenne n poc+nrn ec+, kak c+on n nonnr.
Fapmonnnecknn nn+epnan nne+c onomomen+nrm o6rek+om +onrko n
nync+nennoro nocnpn+n: +onna onenka ero nennnnnr, nknmnamma mrmennym
ak+nnnoc+r, npec+anne+ co6on nocneona+enrnoc+r enc+nnn. Cymec+nennoc+r .+oro
pasnnnn oco6enno onennna n cnynae menonneckoro nn+epnana, okpacka n xapak+ep
ko+oporo menm+c n sanncnmoc+n o+ nanpannenn menonneckoro xoa. n npnmepa mono
cocna+rc na xopomo nsnec+nrn kon+pac+ mey nocxomen n nncxomen knnn+amn,
o6rnno onpeenemrmn kak nonpoc n o+ne+, kon+pac+ mey poc+om nanpenn n
paccna6nennem, napymennem n nosnpamennem yc+onnnnoc+n, npeoonennem cnnr +ec+n n
nonnnennem en. Menon nne+c no npemenn, ko+opoe o6pasye+ ropnson+anrnoe
nsmepenne mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr.
Cnono .monn (emotion) nponcxon+ o+ kopn moto, nnenne, n sanncnmoc+r
mey npononnpyemrm mysrkon nnennem n e .monnonanrnrm nosenc+nnem o+menan
ye Apnc+o+enr:

Honemy pn+mr n menonn, coc+omne ns snykon, noxon na nync+nonann, n
o+nnnne o+ nkyconrx omymennn, kpacok, sanaxon? O6rcne+c nn .+o +em, n+o onn
nnm+c nnennmn, kak n enc+nn? 3neprn cnsana c nync+nonannmn n
nrsrnae+ nx... Mr omymaem nnenne, ko+opoe cneye+ sa snykom. To e
nponcxon+ c pn+mom n c nsmenennmn nrco+r... 3+n nsmenenn nrsrnam+ enc+nne,
a enc+nne .+o npnsnak nync+nonann. [13]

Ycnnne, +pe6yemoe +aknm enc+nnem, sa+pannnae+c na npeoonenne nyxmepnoro,
nrco+no-npemennoro nn+epnana. Hem mnpe nn+epnan mey cocennmn snykamn menonn no
nrco+e n no npemenn, +em 6onrmee conpo+nnnenne on okasrnae+, n +em 6onrmee ycnnne
sa+pannnae+c na ero ycnoenne.
<c+p. 275>
Hpoc+on .kcnepnmen+ nomorae+ ocosna+r, n+o npome pacnosna+r nn+epnan, +ona
ko+oporo cneym+ nenocpec+nenno onn sa pyrnm, a ne pasenenr onron nayson, n n+o
nem onrme naysa, +em +pynee c+anonn+c .+a saana. ae kora nn+epnan coc+on+ ns
+onon onon n +on e nrco+r (npnma), .nac+nnnoe nemec+no, cnsrnammee nx,
pac+rnnae+c: nepnrn +on onen yepnna+rc n nam+n, noka ne nposnynn+ n+opon, n
+onrko nocne .+oro nx mono cpannn+r. Ponr +akon kpa+konpemennon nam+n nrnonnm+
mrmnr ronoconrx cnsok, ko+opre yepnnam+ nepnonananrnym nac+ponky o momen+a
onaemoro conoc+annenn, coxpanm+ noc+onnoe nanpenne cnonno nepenoc nec
nepnoro +ona nepes npemennoe npoc+panc+no, o+enmmee ero o+ n+oporo.
Ho cpannennm c .+nm konkpe+nrm, xo+r n ne ncera ocosnanaemrm onr+om
+eope+nnecka neconsmepnmoc+r nrco+r n npemenn, nony+ona n cekynr +epe+ cnny. B
mysrkanrnom o+nomennn nano +o, n+o nrco+a n npem omymam+c n nepennam+c kak
neo6xonmre nsanmoononnmmne nsmepenn snykonoro non. Brc+prn norm na manym
nony moe+ conponoa+rc +akon e sa+pa+on .neprnn, kak nn+epnan manon cekynr,
pasennnrn onron nayson.

Hpoc+panc+no .+on narpammr noxoe na npoc+panc+no no+noro +ekc+a, no 6rno
6r omn6kon nonara+r, n+o nepnoe nrneeno ns n+oporo: o6a onn rpaqnneckn o+paam+
nsmepenn, n ko+oprx nn+epnan nepennae+c kak omy+nma peanrnoc+r. B cnom knac-
<c+p. 276>
cnneckom +pye no mysrkanrnon akyc+nke O6 omymennx +ona Fenrmronrn +ake
npnxon+ k nee mysrkanrnoro npoc+panc+na, n ko+opom +ona ne +onrko nepememam+c no
nep+nkann, no n pasnp+rnam+c no ropnson+ann no npemenn.

Cymnoc+r npoc+panc+na saknmnae+c n +om, n+o n nm6on ero +onke mory+
pasmema+rc noo6nre +ena n nponcxon+r noo6nre nnenn. Bce. n+o moe+
nponson+n n onon nac+n npoc+panc+na, onnakono nosmono n nm6on pyron ero
nac+n n nocnpnnnmae+c namn n +onnoc+n +aknm e o6pasom. Tak e o6c+on+ eno n c
mysrkanrnon mkanon. hm6a menonnecka qpasa, nm6on akkop, nomemnnre na
kakon-nn6o nrco+e, mory+ nomema+rc na nm6on pyron nrco+e +ak, n+o mr
nemenenno samenaem xapak+epnre nep+r nx noo6n. C pyron c+oponr, +e e nnn
pasnre qpasr mory+ +ake snyna+r n pasnrx ronocax, nepememacr n npeenax
snykopa, noo6no nym +enam n npoc+panc+ne... Ananorn mey mysrkanrnrm
snykopom n npoc+panc+nom c+onr 6nnska no ncex cymec+nennrx o+nomennx, n+o
ae nsmenenne nrco+r 6esomn6onno n c ro+onnoc+rm cpannnnae+c c
nepememennem n npoc+panc+ne n nac+o me+aqopnneckn onncrnae+c kak nocxomee
nnn nncxomee /,310230 nnn .+@,0.*=,+230 kakon-nn6o nap+nn. [14]

Omymenne, n+o mysrka nne+c, npoxo pasnre nc+annnn c pasnnnnon
ckopoc+rm, moe+ kasa+rc ec+ec+nennrm cnec+nnem ee npemennon npnpor. Mr
npnnrnno ronopnm o vekymeu npemenn, 6nnskou 6yymem, (ankou npomnom n +ak anee.
Kak nokasrnae+ Xan Hre (cm. rnany Bpem), npoc+panc+nennoe npec+annenne npemenn
.+o kynr+ypna konnennn nanrk, nrpa6a+rnaemrn n nepnre 10-12 ne+ nsnn n ycnonnx
sananon nnnnnnsannn n sa+em nnonne ec+ec+nenno pacnpoc+panemrn na nocnpn+ne, n
ko+oporo mysrka c+anonn+c cnono oprannsonannrm o6rek+om, nnymnmc n
npoc+panc+nonoo6nom npemenn.
Ho mysrka ne npnnanen+ k mnpy ma+epnanrnrx o6rek+on, ne sannmae+
onpeennnoe nonoenne n ne nepememae+c n npoc+panc+ne. H ecnn e pasnp+rnanne
nepennae+c n onncrnae+c kak nyv, +o o6rcnenne .+omy cneye+ ncka+r ne n ananornx
c nnennem ma+epnanrnrx npeme+on, a n cnonc+nax ak+nnnoro cnennqnneckn mysrkanrnoro
nocnpn+n n npnpoe +ex nenponsnonrnrx, nac+o 6eso+n+nrx nny+pennnx nnennn,
ko+opre neo+ennmr o+ nepennann nnc+o npemennoro nponecca coynac+n,
nap+nnnnannn.
Bocnpn+ne nm6oro npemennoro nponecca neo6xonmo npenonarae+ pacnosnananne
pasnnnnn n pacnnenenne. Me+kn, pacc+annemre n nm, nnm+c nananom pn+ma. Bonpekn
pacnpoc+pannnomy sa6nyennm, nocnpn+ne pn+ma cnyxonoe, nnsyanrnoe nnn
<c+p. 277>
+ak+nnrnoe nenosmono npn naccnnnom na6nmennn. Ak+nnnoc+r cy6rek+a n nocnpn+nn
pn+ma +ak e neo6xonma, kak n nocnpn+nn nrco+r snyka. B o6onx cnynax mrmenno-
mo+opnre peaknnn coc+annm+ nen+panrnoe sneno ero nap+nnnnannn c +em nnmr
pasnnnnem, n+o n nocnpn+ne pn+ma nonnekae+c myckyna+ypa ne +onrko ronoconrx cnsok,
no ncero +ena.
Bonee copoka ne+ nasa, cymmnpy p .kcnepnmen+anrnrx nccneonannn no
nocnpn+nm pn+ma, na nonpoc n nm saknmnam+c .+n mo+opnre peaknnn? Tennon o+ne+nn:
...n mrmennrx cokpamennx srka, mrmn rononr, nenmc+en, nanrnen nor, n
nanpennx, nosnnkammnx n rop+ann, n ronone, rpynon kne+ke n konennoc+x, n
sana+onnrx cokpamennx rononnon n rxa+enrnon myckyna+ypr n, nakonen, n
ononpemennon c+nmynnnn mrmn-an+aronnc+on (crn6a+enen n pasrn6a+enen),
nrsrnammen cmeny qas nanpenn n paccna6nenn 6es nsmenenn
npoc+panc+nennoro nonoenn oprana... Bocnpn+ne pn+ma nnkora ne 6rnae+ +onrko
cnyxonrm; ono ncera nne+c nponeccom cnyxonnra+enrnrm. Bonrmnnc+no nmen
ne cosnae+ .+nx nnra+enrnrx peaknnn... Honr+kn noann+r mo+opnre peaknnn, nnn
npnno+ k nosnnknonennm +aknx e peaknnn n pyrnx opranax, nnn nneky+ sa co6on
npekpamenne pn+mnneckoro nepennann... Henrs npoc+o cnrma+r pn+m.
Cnyma+enr +onrko +ora nepennae+ pn+m, kora on ero co-nponsnon+, co-
enrnae+. [15]

Mrmenno-mo+opnre peaknnn, nknmnnnre n nocnpn+ne nrco+r n pn+ma, nnmr n
peknx cnynax noc+ nnrn xapak+ep n noam+c na6nmennm kak, nanpnmep, na ypoke
conrqeno nnn n noneennn manenrknx e+en, xnonammnx n naomn no mysrky. Xopomo
cqopmnponannrn nanrk nepec+a+ nya+rc n cosna+enrnom kon+pone, c+anonn+c non+n
neo6napynmrm, an+oma+nsnpye+c, peynnpye+c. B pesynr+a+e nponyckna cnoco6noc+r
kanana pesko nospac+ae+: oc+nraema .konomn nosnone+ nocnpnnnma+r mnoec+no nrco+ n
nrco+no-pn+mnnecknx o+nomennn n kaymenc mrnonennon ononpemennoc+n.
Bnnre nnn ckpr+re nnra+enrnre peaknnn na mysrky cnnnam+c c nensmepnmo
6onee mnpokon o6nac+rm cy6rek+nnnoro onr+a c onr+om opnen+annn n npoc+panc+ne n
enc+nnn c npoc+panc+nennrmn o6rek+amn. O+6nnanne pn+ma o+nnnae+c o+ xor6r nnn
nnennn n +anne +onrko nokannsannen n nennnnnon mrmennrx ycnnnn, a nenne nocxomen
rammr n .+om cmrcne cponn normy no c+ynenrkam nec+nnnr nnn nonnmannm rpysa. He+
+ake npnnnnnnanrnoro pasprna mey .+nmn mrmenno-mo+opnrmn peaknnmn n +emn
nonenrmn nmnynrcamn, nepemenamn ncnxnnecknx n
<c+p. 278>
.monnonanrnrx coc+onnn, ko+opre cnyma+enr nepennae+ n onpeene+ kak nnenn
ymn, nepeanaemre mysrkon. O+ ny+koc+n, rn6koc+n, +onnoc+n, pasnoo6pasn +aknx
peaknnn sannc+ rny6nna, 6ora+c+no n kpaconnoc+r o6oramennon nny+pennen nsnn,
npo6yaemon n cnyma+ene mysrkon.
Bcenponnkammnn onr+ cymec+nonann n none semnoro npn+enn cna6nn
nep+nkanrnoe nsmepenne ncnxonornnecknm cmrcnom n an nam mexannsm snykonrco+noro
nocnpn+n. Honemy e onr+ cymec+nonann no npemenn cnsrnae+c c ropnson+anrnon
npo+ennoc+rm? Hpoc+enmnn o+ne+ na .+o+ nonpoc moe+ nokasa+rc rpy6o nposannnrm:
mr ronopnm npem npoxon+, nacr 6ery+, onpeenem no.+nneckne me+pr pasmepom
c+onr n +.., no+omy n+o npoc+enmnm n nan6onee o6mnm cnoco6om pacnnenenn npemenn
nne+c xor6a nnenne n ropnson+anrnom nanpannennn. Ham srk o+paae+
npoc+panc+nennoe npec+annenne npemenn n cmrcne ne +onrko pacc+onnn (6nnskoe, ankoe,
onroe nnn kopo+koe npem), no n nanpannennn (6yymee ncera nepe namn n, nnracr k
nemy nnepe, mr oc+annem npomnoe nosan). Earammne norn npo+o+nn ncex
npemnsmepn+enrnrx mexannsmon, a nenonka cneon ec+ec+nennoe npec+annenne npemenn
kak ropnson+anrnon nnnnn, c+anmee sa+em nn+ennek+yanrnon a6c+paknnen.
aneko ne nce kynr+ypr npnepnnam+c +akoro npec+annenn npemenn. He nce onn
cnsrnam+ npoxoenne npemenn c nnennem cnena nanpano, kak .+o npnn+o n naynnrx
narpammax n o+paeno n nanpannennn nncrma n sananrx srkax n mysrkanrnrx no+annx
+akona em ona ycnonnoc+r nocnpn+n npemenn n sananon nnnnnnsannn. B
cemn+nnecknx srkax npnn+o npo+nnonononoe nanpannenne nncrma. B pennen Fpennn
nncann smenkon, men nanpannenne c kaon c+pokon. Kn+anckne nepornnqr n snakn n
mysrkanrnrx +a6yna+ypax pacnonaram+c c+on6namn. ko+opre nn+am+c cnepxy nnns n
cnpana naneno.
Mr ne snaem, nonemy +akonr nx cnoco6r qnkcannn npemennrx nponeccon, n n+o .+n
pasnnnn mory+ ckasa+r nam o qopmax npec+annenn npemenn n pyrnx kynr+ypax. He
o6sa+enrno mrcnn+c npem n nenpeprnnon npo+nnoc+rm ono nno ne +akono n
+pannnonnom n mycynrmanckoro mnpa npec+annennn npemenn kak mnennoro ny+n
paso6mnnrx mrnonennn. Ho ropnson+anrno mrcnnmoe, nenpeprnno pannomepno +ekymee
nsmepnmoe npem .+o npem namen, sananon nnnnnnsannn, ncnxnkn, naykn, connanrnoro
onr+a n mysrkn n+opoe nsmepenne e oprannsannn n nocnpn+n.
<c+p. 279>
65BC32+
Bnykonrco+na nep+nkanr n npemenna ropnson+anr nnm+c npoyk+amn
cnyxonnra+enrnon ak+nnnoc+n pasnnnnon nokannsannn. Hepna cnsana ncknmnn+enrno c
e+enrnoc+rm nokanrnon myckyna+ypr, +ora kak n+opa onnpae+c na noneenne ncen
mrmennon cnc+emr nenoneka. Cnoco6noc+r nocnpn+n nrco+r +ona qopmnpye+c
npenmymec+nenno na 6ase n n kon+ekc+e mysrkanrnoro onr+a, sa npeenamn ko+oporo ona
npak+nneckn ne naxon+ nnkakoro npnmenenn.
aneko ne nce mysrkanrnre kynr+ypr npenonaram+ n kynr+nnnpym+ +onnoc+r
c+anap+nsonannoro nn+epnanrnoro cnyxa, kaka neo6xonma n sananon mysrke. He no ncex
mysrkanrnrx kynr+ypax nrpa6a+rnae+c n nanrk npec+annenn npemennrx nponeccon n
qopme nnnennon nocneona+enrnoc+n. Ho +am, re .+o nponcxon+, nepeno npemenn na
srk npoc+panc+nennrx non+nn nne+c kynr+ypno o6ycnonnennrm 6eccosna+enrnrm
an+oma+nsmom, enc+nymmnm no ncex cqepax nenoneneckon e+enrnoc+n. Brco+nrn cnyx
nanrk cnennqnneckn mysrkanrnrn. Hpoc+panc+nenna npoeknn npemenn o+nmr ne
orpannnnnae+c o6nac+rm mysrkanrnoro onr+a. Tpe+re, rny6nnnoe nsmepenne nanmenee
cnennqnnno n neo6sa+enrno n mysrkanrnoro nocnpn+nn.
B o+nnnne o+ nepnrx nyx, ono ne npenonarae+ ak+nnnon nap+nnnnannn ne
npnnanen+ k nncny an+oma+nsnponannrx nanrkon, o6ycnonnennrx n +pe6yemrx
kynr+ypon. Cnoco6noc+r onennna+r pacc+onn o nn+epecymmnx o6rek+on, nocnpnnnma+r
nx spennem n cnyxom kak ankne nnn 6nnskne, npn6nnammnec nnn yanmmnec,
pasnnnae+c n pesynr+a+e 6nonornneckoro npncnoco6nenn nnnnnyyma k ec+ec+nennrm
ycnonnm.
3+a cnoco6noc+r ne cnennqnnna n nenoneka kak 6nonornneckoro nna. H menee
ncero npncyma nocnn+annnky sananon, npenmymec+nenno ropockon nnnnnnsannn
cnoco6noc+r cnyxonon opnen+annn n npoc+panc+ne: mono ne comnena+rc n +om, n+o y
nepno6r+noro nenoneka n nknx nno+nrx ona pasnn+a nensmepnmo cnnrnee. H nc e
nmenno sanana mysrka, nannna c onpeennnoro npemenn, c+ana anennnpona+r k .+on
cnoco6noc+n, pasnnnnrmn ny+mn cosana nnnmsnm qnsnneckon rny6nnr npoc+panc+na.
<c+p. 280>
Cnyxona opnen+ann n npoc+panc+ne onnpae+c n ocnonnom na onenky
o+nocn+enrnon rpomkoc+n snykon, nx +em6ponym okpacky, menmmymc c pacc+onnem, n na
.qqek+ .xa, a .+o kak pas +e xapak+epnc+nkn, ko+opre nerko noam+c kon+ponm n
mysrke. Ho acconnannn c noncenennrm onr+om, snykn rpomkne, peskne cnsrnam+c c
o6rek+amn nepenero nnana, a +nxne, +ymannre c 6onee nnn menee o+annnrmn.
Cnrnan +py6r sa cnenon, nosnemammen npn6r+ne ns6ann+en n 6e+xonenckon onepe
dnenno n n ynep+mpe heonopa N3,onn ns camrx epsknx n npmonnnennrx npnmepon
nknmnenn nonypeanrnoro-nonynnnmsopnoro npoc+panc+na n kpyr cpec+n mysrkanrnoro
nosenc+nn. 3qqek+ 6rn nnena+nmmnm, onako namepenne komnosn+opa nenrs nasna+r
nonrm. K +omy npemenn n +enenne no menrmen mepe nyx c+one+nn komnosn+opr
npeycnenann n cosannn nnnmsnn npoc+panc+na 6onee +onknmn n nnc+o mysrkanrnrmn
cpec+namn.
Hpnmena+enrno, n+o nx nn+epec k mysrkanrnomy nso6paennm npoc+panc+na nosnnk
non+n ononpemenno c ynnenennem nepcnek+nnon n nnonncn. 3xo c ero +annc+nennoc+rm n
no.snen anen cosanano co6nasnn+enrnym n npoc+ym nosmonoc+r mysrkanrnon nmn+annn, n
mapnran Opnano hacco O 1a, o ehe bon eccho, nanncannrn n konne XVI neka, o+kprn
nepn nepe mnoec+nom ananornnnrx nononneennn.
3xo c+ano nsnm6nennrm mo+nnom n onepax n opa+opnx .noxn 6apokko,
.qqek+om, k ko+opomy komnosn+opr nensmenno npn6erann, kora +ekc+ nnn cnennnecka
o6c+anonka nnymann nem o+kpr+oro npoc+panc+na. Cnennnk, Bykc+exye n pyrne
ncnonrsonann ero no mnoec+ne connnennn, cnennanrno nncanmnxc n opranon, nnora
ocnamanmnxc +ak nasrnaemrmn .xo-manyanom n .xo-pernc+pamn. 3+n nrecr nepeko n
nasrnanncr 3xo, kak n connnenn n menrx yxonrx, cna6nnrx .xo-cypnnon c manrm
o+nepc+nem, cmrnanmen n npnrnymanmen snynanne.
Tnnnnno 6aponnrn kon+pac+ forte n piano n nanor mey 6onrmon n manon
snykonrmn maccamn nrsnan k nsnn c+ynenna+re, +eppacoo6pasnre nsmenenn nnamnkn npn
nepemenax manyana n knanecnnnon n oprannon mysrke. 3+o+ kon+pac+ mor acconnnpona+rc c
nnocknmn rny6nnnrmn nnanamn, pasennnrmn noc+onnon nc+annnen, noo6no nnanam
nnonncnrx komnosnnnn Peneccanca. Komnosn+opr mannrenmckon mkonr nso6penn
Crescendi n diminuendi, ko+opre nponsnonnn cnnrnoe nnena+nenne na conpemennnkon. B .+om
nonom npnme mono ycmo+pe+r mysrkanrnrn ananor nepcnek+nnr n nnonncn. Hm
npeoonenanacr paso6mn-
<c+p. 281>
noc+r c+a+nnnrx nnanon, n yxomee n rny6nny npoc+panc+no onnnnocr nnennem,
cosananmnm nnnmsnm npn6nnenn n yanenn.
n poman+nkon c nx +ron k nnonncnon, nonec+nona+enrnon, pama+nneckon
nporpammnoc+n nnnmsopnoe rny6nnnoe npoc+panc+no 6rno oco6enno nanrm. Ono
c+anonnnocr apenon 6opr6r konqnnk+nrx cnn, nosnonno npenpama+r mysrky n noo6ne
cnenr, n no.+nnnrn nensa nnn ncnxonornnecknn nanmaq+. C+pemnenne pacmnpn+r
rny6nnnoe npoc+panc+no, nosmono penreqnee o6pncona+r kon+pac+nre o6pasr, pasnn+ne n
o6c+anonky co6r+nn nensmepnmo o6ora+nno nx opkec+ponoe nncrmo, qak+ypnre npnmr n
+em6ponym nann+py. To e c+pemnenne no6ynno Manepa nopna+r c +pannnonnrmn nopmamn
snykonoro pannonecn n ncnonrsona+r naponn+o peskne kon+pac+r snynnoc+n n
ononpemennoc+n: piano y c+pynnrx n forte y +pom6onon n onom n +om e +ak+e y nero ne
pekoc+r. Ero mysrka nac+o npec+anne+ co6on cnonym nonnqonnm paso6mnnrx
+ema+nnecknx .nemen+on, kon+pac+nrx +em6po nrx nnnnn, nnac+on n nnamnnecknx nnanon.
He orpannnnnacr +pannnonnrmn nnamnnecknmn pemapkamn, on nnn cnennanrnre ykasann
na xapak+ep coo+nomenn ronocon HS (Hauptstimme) n menonneckon nen nepnoro
nnana n NS (Nebenstimme) n nonnnnnoro ronoca, npnm, ko+oprm sa+em
nonrsonanncr En6epr n Bepr.
Bnanenne rny6nnnoro nsmepenn 6rno 6r ne c+onr nennko, ecnn 6r cosanne
nnnmsopnoro o6rmnoro npoc+panc+na 6rno ero ennc+nennon nosmonoc+rm. Hapy c .+on
nnonncnon +pak+onkon, a nnora n conepmenno nesanncnmo o+ ne, nnamnnecknm
kon+pac+am n rpaannm npna+c c+pyk+ypnoe snanenne.
C+pyk+ypnym qynknnm nnamnnecknx kon+pac+on +pyno nrenn+r n knanecnnnrx n
oprannrx nrecax, re nepexor c onoro manyana na pyron n nepemenr pernc+ponkn mory+
nocnpnnnma+rc nnc+o konopnc+nneckn. Em +pynee ynne+r e n nrecax, re +akne
kon+pac+r nno npnsnanr nmn+npona+r .xo. Onako n concerto grosso onn nrc+ynam+ kak ona
ns onpeenmmnx anponrx oco6ennoc+en, ne cnsanna c nso6pasn+enrnrmn saannmn.
Brnyknre nepeonann npospannoro xpynkoro snynann concertino (soli) n maccnnnrx ripieno
(tutti) cnya+ c+anonrm xpe6+om .+on qopmr: rny6nnnoe nsmepenne cosna+enrno n
nocneona+enrno ncnonrsye+c n konc+pyk+nnnrx nenx. B +on e ponn, xo+ n nnom nne,
ono nrc+ynae+ n mysrke romoqonno-rapmonnneckoro c+nn, re rnanna menonnecka mrcnr
npnnrnno cnsrnae+c c kpynnrm nna-
<c+p. 282>
nom n nocnpnnnmae+c na qone conponoammnx ronocon, ak-komnannmen+a,
rapmonnn n qnrypannn na sanem nnane.
* * *
Tpyno ne same+n+r 6nnskoro noo6n onncannon secr +pexmepnoc+n cnyxonoro non
noo6paaemoro npoc+panc+na mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr o6rennomy +pxmepnomy
npoc+panc+ny, ko+opoe mr ocnannaem nepes nync+nenno-nnra+enrnrn onr+ n noc+nraem
nan6onee npoc+rm cnoco6om n non+nx .nknnonon reome+pnn. Hesanncnmo o+ +oro,
nackonrko cno ocosnae+c .+o noo6ne, ono o6pasye+ qynamen+ sananoro mysrkanrnoro
yma, sakpenneno n npnnnnnax mysrkanrnon nncrmennoc+n n nenycmrcnenno nrpaae+c n
srke, ko+oprm mr nonrsyemc, ronop o mysrke. Cnona mory+ ne nponsnocn+rc, no
coo+ne+c+nymmne nm non+n nensmenno npncy+c+nym+, kora mr pasnnnaem nmcovy +ona,
mnpnny nn+epnana, npovnwnnocv mo+nna nnn nepnoa n nnanm mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr.
Conepmenno onennno, n+o .+o mysrkanrnoe npoc+panc+no cosano no o6pasy n
noo6nm o6rennoro nnemnero npoc+panc+na. 3+o n ecv o6rennoe npoc+panc+no,
cymec+nenno npenomnnnoe n npnsme cnennqnnnrx n mysrkanrnoro noneenn
ncnxoqnsnnecknx ak+on n peaknnn npoc+panc+no, npec+annemoe n kon+ekc+e
o6meuenoneueckoro onr+a.
A6c+pak+noe +pxmepnoe npoc+panc+no reome+pnn nsovponno: ero ocn mory+
men+rc mec+amn, ero nsmepenn onoponr n mory+ onennna+rc o6men mepon. B o+nnnne o+
nnx, nrco+a, nn+enrnoc+r n nnamnnecknn yponenr neconsmepnmr n ne nsanmosamenemr.
Mysrkanrnoe npoc+panc+no annsovponno, noo6no npoc+panc+ny o6rennoro onr+a: ncknn
snae+, n+o nckapa6ka+rc na ropy nrco+on n knnome+p .+o ne concem +o e camoe, n+o npon+n
knnome+p no ponnon opore.
Hoo6ne mysrkanrnoro npoc+panc+na npak+nneckomy (onr+nomy) npoc+panc+ny, c
onon c+oponr, n +eope+nneckomy (reome+pnneckomy), c pyron, no-nnnmomy, o6rcne+c
enc+nnem rny6oko ckpr+oro morymec+nennoro qak+opa. B .+om nyc+oponnem noo6nn
mono ynne+r npoyk+ +nnnnno sananoro yannsma nync+nennoc+n n nn+ennek+a.
Hync+nennoe nocnpn+ne n enc+nennrn nn+ennek+ o+nmr ne nnm+c monononnen
sananon kynr+ypr. Ho nmenno n nen nonc-
<c+p. 283>
kn ny+en noc+nenn mnpa noponnn conepnnnec+no mey nnmn n npnnenn k y+nepennm
nrcmero an+opn+e+a nn+ennek+a. 3+o+ nr6op 6rn cenan an+nnnon qnnocoqnen, sakpennn
cpenenekonon +eonornen n 6espasenrno noc+opec+nonan n nayke. onroe npem .+a
nnemma ne +penonna mysrky, n +em .neprnnnee conepnnnammne cnnr n+oprnncr n e
pasnn+ne n konne XVI neka.
Xyonnkn cnonno nnepnre o+kprnn n ce6 cymec+nonanne ma+epnanrnoro mnpa,
oc+ynnoro nync+nennomy nocnpn+nm. Hpoc+npammnnc no ncex nanpannennx, nonnrn
kpacok, nnenn, konqnnk+on, nanpnnoro pama+nsma, on nac+onrko saxna+nn nx
noo6paenne, n+o c+an ne +onrko o6rek+om nopaann, no n noo6paaemon peanrnoc+rm, n
ko+opym onn npoennponann cnon nnenn n qan+asnn.
He menrmnm no+pcennem o+kpr+ne mnpa ma+epnanrnrx +en nnnocr n ynnrx
konna XVI-nanana XVII nekon, saknarnanmnx ocnonr conpemennon .kcnepnmen+anrnon
naykn. Onn 6rnn +ak e nenacr+nr n ero nccneonannn, no, n o+nnnne o+ xyonnkon, nx
nn+epeconano ne c+onrko mnoroo6pasne ma+epnanrnoro mnpa n ero nync+nennom o6nnnnn,
ckonrko sakonr npnpor, nsnnekaemre ns na6nmennn n qopmynnpyemre pasymom.
Xyonnkn n ynnre ne npnnaneann k nym paso6mnnrm narepm. Mnornx ns nnx
mono nasna+r homo universalis: heonapo a Bnnnn 6rn ne +onrko nso6pe+a+enem n
qop+nqnka+opom, no n nennknm nnonncnem, a Horannec Kennep, nrno sakonr nnenn
ne6ecnrx +en, nonepn nx o+nomennmn mysrkanrnrx nn+epnanon. Hmenno +ora
neocnopnmrn an+opn+e+ nn+ennek+a noxnyn n mysrky 6ecc+pac+nrn yx reome+pnn,
ynoponnn n pasmepnn e nnsnonepckoe nny+pennee npoc+panc+no.
C .+oro npemenn ono nne+ co6on npoc+panc+no +onek, onpeenemrx +pem
koopnna+amn, ne ns ko+oprx nrco+a n nn+enrnoc+rconnaam+ c koopnna+amn no+non
c+pokn, a +pe+re, nosnnkmee mnoro nose, o6osnanae+c nocpec+nom nnamnnecknx ykasannn.
To, n+o mr naxonm na nepecenennn .+nx koopnna+, ne +on, ne .nemen+ mysrkn, no nnmr
nyc+on locus, nenka a6c+pak+non mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr. H+o6r c+a+r +onom, .+a nenka
onna sanonnn+rc akyc+nnecknm qenomenom onpeennnrx kanec+n peanrnrm snykom,
neo+ennmrm o+ cnoero +em6pa.
Cnrmnmrn namn +em6p, nnmmnnc cnonc+nom +ona, ncera npnnsan k
onpeennnrm koopnna+am, no, kak +akonon, on nmn ne onpeene+c. 3+o nonnomenne
a6c+pak+noro npec+annenn no+r, enammee e omymaemon peanrnoc+rm. Tem6p
nepe6pacrna-
<c+p. 284>
e+ moc+ mey yannc+nnecknmn nonmcamn: nennre, nnenpemennre nc+nnr, oc+ynnre
+onrko nn+ennek+y, nno+c n mnp npemenn n nync+n nckycc+no o6naroponnae+c naykon.
n Hna+ona .+o 6rno ocknepnennem, npoqanannen nennrx nen nnsmnm, npesnpaemrm nm
cop+om mysrkn. B +enenne mnornx c+one+nn enponenckne mysrkan+r connnnn mysrky,
ko+opa morna ncnonn+rc kaknmn yrono ronocamn n nnc+pymen+amn. Tonrko no n+opon
nononnne XVI neka neko+opre komnosn+opr nanann ykasrna+r neo6xonmrn
nnc+pymen+anrnrn coc+an ancam6nen. Tem6p c+an onnm ns qak+opon mysrkanrnon
konnennnn, n 6rno nonoeno nanano nckycc+ny ancam6nenoro n opkec+ponoro nncrma. Ho n
nym nekamn nose Bax n Hckycc+ne qyrn ne ykasan, kaknmn cnnamn cneye+ ncnonn+r
.+o connnenne. Mono npenonon+r, n+o ono cosana nocr kak a6conm+na mysrka,
paccnn+anna na nnc+o nn+ennek+yanrnoe nocnpn+ne, n ko+oporo +em6ponoe o6nanenne
mysrkn n e nync+nenna okpacka ne cymec+nennr.
Xo+ +em6p n ne ynennnnnae+ nncno nsmepennn +ononoro non, on kocnennrmn
ny+mn nnne+ na ero reome+pnm +onno +ak e, kak nne+ n ocnemenne ma+epnanrnoro o6rek+a
nnnm+ na onenky ero mec+ononoenn n npoc+panc+ne. Tem6p .+o ne konnnec+no, a kanec+no.
Ero nenrs nsmepn+r, ero mono nnmr onncrna+r n cnne-c+e+nnecknx non+nx. B nac+noc+n,
mr cpannnnaem +em6pr kak cne+nre n +mnre, nrkne n +nre; nepnre okpyam+ +on
cnnnem, n+opre o+6pacrnam+ +enr, cnonno aypa +em6pa cnnrae+ +on nnepx nnn nnns no
nep+nkanrnon mkane. Tem6pr c+kne nnn mrkne, maccnnnre nnn npospannre, peskne nnn
+ymannre cosam+ ananornnnym nnnmsnm pasnnnnon rny6nnr. Tak n nnonncn, n
sanncnmoc+n o+ n+koc+n kon+ypon, kon+pac+noc+n cne+o+enn, nacrmennoro nnn +ymannoro,
+nnoro nnn xononoro konopn+a, nso6pannre npeme+r kay+c o6rmnrmn,
nrc+ynammnmn na nonepxnoc+rm xonc+a nnn norpynnrmn n ero nnnmsopnym rny6nny.
K ckasannomy cneye+ o6ann+r na6nmenn na nosenc+nnem +em6pa na nocnpn+ne
nn+epnana. C nanmenrmnmn ycnnnmn pac nosna+c +em6pono onoponrn nn+epnan. Hpn
.+om ero kanec+na n oco6ennoc+n, c+enenr ncconan+noc+n n 6onrmon mepe sannc+ o+
+em6pa: +ak nn+epnan manon cekynr, nponsn+enrno pesknn y +py6, snynn+ mrko, cnaoc+no
memme y sacypnnennrx c+pynnrx. Akyc+nneckn on oc+ae+c +em e camrm, no omymenne
cosanaemoro nm nanpenn okasrnae+c nnrm. Em pesne .+o ckasrnae+c n cnynax
+em6ponoro kon+pac+a mey +onamn, npn ko+opom mene+c ne +onrko okpacka nn+epnana, no
n omymenne ero
<c+p. 285>
mnpnnr. Tem6ponrn kon+pac+, oco6enno n cone+annn c nnamnnecknm, cnoco6en pasnec+n
+ona nac+onrko aneko, n+o nn+epnan non+n nepec+a+ nocnpnnnma+rc kak c+pyk+ypnoe
ennc+no; oc+a+onno noo6pasn+r ce6e +y e manym cekyny n snynannn +py6 ff n c+pynnrx pp
con sordini. B nenom mono ckasa+r, n+o nem mnoronncnennee n pasnoo6pasnee +em6ponre
nnanr, +em npo+nnee n nmec+n+enrnee rny6nnnoe nsmepenne +ononoro non.
Bocnpn+ne +onon n o6pasyemrx nmn c+pyk+yp kak o6rek+on, o6naammnx
onpeennnrmn kanec+namn n nnanammnx n nennnmom +pxmepnom +ononom none, ne
nno ymospennn, no +a ncnxonornnecka qopma, n ko+opon sanana mysrka naxon+ cno
aekna+noe o+paenne n sananom yme. K +akomy npec+annennm npnxonmr, coo+noc n
cnsrna .nemen+r cnennqnneckn mysrkanrnoro onr+a c onr+om opnen+annn nenoneka n
ec+ec+nennon cpee. Ecnn .+a pekonc+pyknn nepna, +o onnr cymec+nona+r
anr+epna+nnnre ykasann na nnsyanrno npoc+panc+nennrn xapak+ep o6pason, nnymaemrx
mysrkon.
Mysrkanrnym no+annm npnn+o cnn+a+r +onnrm nnsyanrnrm ananorom snynamen
mysrkn. Mnoroo6pasnre rpaqnneckne cnc+emr qnkcannn mysrkn na 6ymare kone6nm+c
mey nym nonmcamn. Kaa npec+anne+ co6on komnpomncc mey nym
npo+nnopenamnmn pyr pyry +enennnmn, ns ko+oprx +a nnn nna npno6pe+ae+
omnnnpymmym ponr. Ona nanenena na konennrn mysrkanrnrn npoyk+ n cna6ae+
ncnonnn+en nosmono 6onee +onnrmn n nenycmrcnennrmn +exnnnecknmn ykasannmn.
pyra npenarae+ mysrkan+y nem, sepno, +nopnecknn nmnynrc, nonrsycr .cknsnrm
srkom namkon, nnymennn n cnmnonon.
Hpn nm6om coo+nomennn .+nx +enennnn ncnonnn+enm npnxon+c cone+a+r +pyno
conmec+nmre yc+anonkn n +nnr noneenn: nynk+yanrnoc+r n nan+ne, nocnymnoe
nrnonnenne e+anrnrx ykasannn n +ekc+e n +nopneckym cnon+annoc+r, pacmnqponky
ycnonnrx o6osnanennn n noc+nenne cnmnona. Bnponem, n neko+oprx npeenrnrx cnynax
cnm6nos noxnonennoro xyonnka n nepasmrmnmmen mamnnr pacnaae+c.
An+oma+nneckne yc+ponc+na npoe nnanon nnn mysrkanrnrx mka+ynok cna6enr
nnc+pyknnmn n qopme, ko+opa o+nnnae+c o+ o6rnnon no+annn +onrko +em, n+o no+r na
n+n nnnenkax samenenr o+nepc+nmn n nnymenc 6ymanon nen+e nnn m+nq+amn na
npamammemc 6apa6ane; n +e, n pyrne pasmemam+c n +on e nyxmepnon nrco+no-
npemennon nnockoc+n.
<c+p. 286>
B cnynae .nek+ponnoro an+oma+nneckoro yc+ponc+na, ncnonnmmero mysrky,
neoc+ynnym +pannnonnrm nnc+pymen+am, no+ann nrrnn+ kak +exnnnecka
narpamma, ona, +em ne menee, coxpane+ npnnrnnre nsmepenn, non+nre mysrkan+y.
Takona, nanpnmep, nap+n+ypa .nek+ponnoro connnenn E+okraysena Studium 'II, n ko+opon
mr naxonm nep+nkanrnym ocr nrco+ (pasmenennym n nac+o+ax snykonrx kone6annn),
ropnson+anrnym ocr npemennon npo+nnoc+n (n cekynax) n (nne) rny6nnnym ocr
nnamnkn (n enn6enax).


Hnora +e e komnosn+opr nonrsym+c no+annmn nnoro, npmo npo+nnonononoro
xapak+epa. Onn ne npenncrnam+ +onnre napame+pr snykonoro pesynr+a+a, nmec+o .+oro
npenara mysrkan+y nekym kanny n nmnponnsannn, ko+opym on nnpane nn+a+r n
+pak+ona+r no co6c+nennomy ycmo+pennm. Takne mysrkanrnre +ekc+r o6rnno 6onrme
noxon na a6c+pak+nym rpaqnky. H+r qop+ennannrx nrec n .nna Tmopa Cnnrnano
Bycco++n mory+ a+r npec+annenne o6 onon ns +aknx qopm nnsyannsannn mysrkanrnrx
nen. Kakon 6r ny+r +pancqopmnponann spn+enrnoro o6pasa n mysrkanrnrn nn ns6pan
mysrkan+, cno, n+o n nm6om cnynae on nr6npae+ +y nnn nnym +paek+opnm n npoc+panc+ne
pncynka, cneye+ nnnnm nknmnnnrx n nero rpaqnnecknx mo+nnon n +pancqopmnpye+ nx n
snynanne n onpeennnon npemennon nocneona+enrnoc+n.
<c+p. 287>



B .+om kpannem nponnennn mysrkanrna rpaqnka cmrkae+c c nnsyanrnrmn
nckycc+namn. A6c+pak+nre .nemen+r n nso6pasn+enrnrx nckycc+nax n n mysrke nac+o
onncrnam+c n onnx n +ex e nrpaennx. Hckycc+noner ronop+ o nnsyanrnrx pn+max n
kap+nne, opnamen+e, apxn+ek+ype, a mysrkan+r o snykonrx nnanax, qak+ypax n konopn+e.
He ynnn+enrno, n+o qopma n nne+, .mancnnnponannre n a6c+pak+non nnonncn o+
npeme+nrx snanennn, nepeko +pak+ym+c kak knasnmysrkanrnre .nemen+r komnosnnnn n
.kcnpeccnn.
Xnnonncnre nono+na, noo6nre Cnmqonnn nnn Hmnponnsannn Kannnckoro,
dyre n posonom n 6enom dpanna Kynkn, dyre n kpacnom Hayn Knee, Komnosnnnn
Hn+a Monpnana, nocnpnnnmam+c kak npnrnamenne k mysrkanrnon nmnponnsannn nnn kak
nnonncna sanncr mysrkanrnrx nnena+nennn.
hn+oncknn xyonnk n komnosn+op Hmpnennc, ne 6yynn nn a6c+paknnonnc+om n
nnonncn, nn ananrapnc+om n mysrke, cosan neckonrko cepnn kap+nn, ocnonannrx na
mysrkanrnrx +emax n komnosnnnonnrx npnnnnnax mysrkn. Ona ns ero kap+nn dyra
(1908) na nepnrn nsrn kae+c sapnconkon cenepnoro nensaa c enmn,
o+paammnmnc n nonepxnoc+n osepa. Ba+em spn+enr samenae+, n+o o+paenne ne
coo+ne+c+nye+ o+paaemomy: nepnoe npec+a+ kak pakoxona nnnepcn n+oporo, +enn
non+opmmnxc onep+annn kak nonnqonnnecka qak+ypa, ncnonrsymma en-
<c+p. 288>
nrn mo+nn n ymenrmennn n n ynennnennn, +mna senno-rony6a nne+ona ramma nrsrnae+ n
npec+annennn mrkne npnrnymennre +em6pr, a pn+m nnonncnrx macc menennrn +emn.



Henoe nrrnn+ kak qparmen+ nonnqonnneckon nap+n+ypr n nnonncnom o6nnnnn.
Kapnka+ypr n mmopnc+nneckne pncynkn anennnpym+ k spanomy cmrcny n
nonrsym+c o6menon+nrm rpaqnnecknm srkom. na pncynka amepnkanckoro
kapnka+ypnc+a Cona C+ann6epra cno nokasrnam+, n+o nepeno mysrkanrnrx nnena+nennn
n nnsyanrnre ne ny ae .+omy npnsemnnnomy anpy.



<c+p. 289>
I0*.3A+
Ecnn +ononoe none knasnnpocrpanc+nenno, +o ono onno o6naa+r onpeennnrmn
konkpe+nrmn cnonc+namn. Bcno, n+o .+o ne 6ecqopmennoe ene, no npoc+panc+no, xopomo
oprannsonannoe cnc+emon nnnennrx onoponrx nsmepnmrx koopnna+, nosnonmmen
onosnanno nokannsona+r ennnnnre o6rek+r n onncrna+r nsanmoo+nomenn mey nnmn.
Tonrko n +akom npoc+panc+nennom kon+nnyyme npoc+re n cnonre o6rek+r mory+
+pancqopmnpona+rc n nepemema+rc, coxpan cnon xapak+epnre ysnanaemre nep+r.
Mo+nn oc+a+c +em e camrm npn nm6om nrco+nom nonoennn, +emne n yponne
rpomkoc+n, a qynknnn akkopa ne sannc+ o+ pernc+pa, pacnonoenn n +em6ponoro
oqopmnenn.
B o+nnnne o+ +eope+nnecknx ymospn+enrnrx npoc+panc+n, ocn ko+oprx yxo+ n
6eckonennoc+r, +ononoe none .+o npoc+panc+no nocnpn+n n, kak +akonoe, ono orpannneno
npeenamn nenoneneckoro cnyxa, ckopoc+rm ncnxoqnsnnecknx peaknnn n nrco+on
cencopnrx noporon. Ero nsmepenn pasnomepnr n onyckam+ nnmr npn6nnsn+enrnym
konnnec+nennym onenky.
Tak, ocr snykonrco+noc+n npoc+npae+c npnmepno o+ 32 o 16 000 kone6annn n
cekyny, sannma 9 ok+an, n e rpannnnre +onkn onpeenm+c coo+nomennem 1:500.
Hac+o+a yapon, ynpannmma +emnom, naprnpye+c o+ 30 o 180 n mnny+y (coo+nomenne
1:6). Cama kopo+ka no+a (mec+rec+ ne+np+a) o+nocn+c k camon nnnnon (6pennc)
kak 1:128, a rpomkoc+r moe+ men+rc n npeenax o+ 25 o 100 enn6en o+nomenne
mey omymennmn camoro +nxoro n camoro rpomkoro snykon coc+anne+ 1:180.
Kpome +oro, +pn nsmepenn +ononoro non ne nnonne rnakn. Brco+noe
nsmepenne nnknnnno: ono npec+anne+ co6on cnnpanr ok+an, ko+opa c karm nn+kom
nosnpamae+c k knasn+oec+nennon o+npannon +onke. nn+enrnoc+n, nocneona+enrno
enmnec nononam, o6pasym+ cnoero poa nnknr nny+pn nnknon. Temnr menm+c
c+ynenna+o o+ Largo o Prestissimo, kak n nnamnneckne rpaannn, npoc+npammnec o+
pianissimo o fortissimo.
Xo+ .+n ocn n neconsmepnmr, mey nnmn, +em ne menee, cymec+nye+ nsnec+noe
noo6ne. C karm nn+kom ok+annon cnnpann nac+o+a kone6annn ynannae+c, c karm
cneymmnm marom n nponnx nsmepennx ynannam+c nn+enrnoc+n, +emnr n
nnamnneckne yponnn; pasnnnne mey ff n f nnn ! n !!, pannoe 10 db,
<c+p. 290>
cy6rek+nnno omymae+c kak ymenrmenne rpomkoc+n n na pasa.
Annso+ponnoc+r +ononoro non, pasnokanec+nennoc+r ero nsmepennn ne +onrko
enae+ nx neconsmepnmrmn, no n nrpaae+c n nopasn+enrno 6onrmnx pasnnnnx nncna
rpaannn kaoro ns nnx. Han6onee +onko nqqepennnponano snykonrco+noe nsmepenne:
npn 12 xpoma+nnecknx c+ynenx n ok+ane nx o6mee nncno n npeenax ncnonrsyemoro n
mysrke nanasona oc+nrae+ 108. B pannomepno +emnepnponannom c+poe xo na nony+on
(100 nen+on) coc+anne+ nsmenenne nac+o+r na 6%, onako, +pennponannomy cnyxy
oc+ynnr o+knonenn n 5 nen+on (+.e. na ony nana+ym nac+r nony+ona) nnn n 0,3%, n
o6mee nncno +aknx mnkpo+ononrx rpaannn oc+nrae+ 2000 (cneye+, nnponem, o+me+n+r,
n+o cnoco6noc+r pasnnnenn nrco+r sanncn+ o+ pernc+pa: ona makcnmanrna n cpenem
pernc+pe n ymenrmae+c k kpam cnyxonoro nanasona. 3+omy cnonc+ny cnyxa n
cneymmem pasene rnanr 6ye+ yeneno oco6oe nnnmanne).
Pasnnnn mey nsmepennmn n mepamn nrco+r, npemenn n rpomkoc+n,
xapak+epnrmn n nnx noporamn, nennnnnon n nncnom rpaannn c oco6on narnnoc+rm
nrc+ynam+ n cneymmen +a6nnne:


Ekanr Hoporn
I0.=



Ocn
nanasonr n
o+nomenn
mar nncno % mar nncno %
Brco+a
32-16000 Fn
(9 ok+an)
1:500
nony+on
(100 n)
108 6% 5 n. 2000 0,3%
Bpem
30-180 M.M.
1:6 nnn ok.
1:4 (Bakc)
cnon.
ykas.
7-8 25-30%.
mkana
M.M.
36 5%
Fpomkoc+r
25-100 B
1:180
6 240% 1 B 75 7.5%

<c+p. 291>
Cymmnponannre secr me+pnneckne cnonc+na cnyxonoro non, pasymee+c,
npncymn nnmr sananon mysrke. Bonee +oro, onn xapak+epnsym+ cpannn+enrno nosnmm
c+anm e nc+opnneckon .nonmnnnnpnmepno, nocnennx ne+rpx c+one+nn. 3+o nonce ne
snann+, n+o sa npeenamn .+oro nepnoa nnn n neenponencknx mysrkanrnrx kynr+ypax
o+cy+c+nym+ e+anrno yc+anonnennre nopmr o6pamenn co snykom. Hanpo+nn, mnorne
c+apre kynr+ypr cneym+ nopmam snann+enrno 6onee cnonrm, npnxo+nnnrm n
+pe6ona+enrnrm.
Cnennqnnnoc+r +ononoro npoc+panc+na sananon mysrkn onpeene+c, no-
nepnrx, +onnon n ennoo6pasnon knan+onannoc+rm kaoro ns ero nsmepennn, no-n+oprx,
onoponoc+rm nx cnonc+n na ncm nx npo+ennn n rpannnax cnyxonoro nocnpn+n n, n-
+pe+rnx, a6conm+nrmn konnnec+nennrmn snanennmn +onek o+cn+a. H+o6r non+r
cnennqnnnoc+r oprannsannn .+oro npoc+panc+na, neo6xonmo ocosna+r pasnnnne mey
+onnoc+rm +exnnnecknx ycnonnn n ny+koc+rm cnyxa, mey naynnrmn n
mnqonornnecknmn +eopnmn, mey +eope+nnecknmn nopmamn n nx npak+nnecknmn
peannsannmn. Banana mysrkanrna cnc+ema naxon+c, n ocnonnom, no ony c+opony
.+oro noopasena. Bo+ neko+opre npnmepr +oro, n+o mono nan+n no pyrym ero
c+opony.
Bnykopr knaccnneckon nnnnckon mysrkn coc+o+ ns cemn +onon, nasrnaemrx
cokpameno 4+, .3, E+, >+, 7+, /X+ n 23. H+o kacae+c nx nrco+r, +o ennc+nennoe
ykasanne na .+o a+ nnecneymmnn knaccnnecknn (no.+nnecknn) +ekc+:

Hannnn nsa+ +on 4+;
H+nna-ka+aka .3;
Kosen no+y E+;
H+nna kpaynka >+;
+en cnonm nnc+rm ronocom 7+;
hrymka, nos6ynna nm6onrm, /X+;
Cnon, nonynnnmnn yap no ronone kpmkom xosnna,
nsa+ nocnennn +on (23) nepes xo6o+. [16]

3+o+ snykop moe+ pasnp+rna+rc n nm6on ns +px ok+an, npnsnanaemrx
+eopnen, nnn no ncex +px; nnn ok+ana nmenye+c rpynrm pernc+pom, cpen
ropnonrm, a nepxn rononnrm. Hn+epecno, n+o ncnonrsyemrn nanason onpeene+c
secr ne rpannnamn cnyxonoro nanasona, a rpannnamn nenneckoro ronoca; nrco+noe
nonoenne snykopa nnc+o pen+nnno, nockonrky ero yc+anannnnae+ nenen, nr6npammnn
nan6onee yo6nym n ce6 +eccn+ypy.
<c+p. 292>
C+ynenn snykopa (4,+.=) pasenenr nn+epnanamn, mnpnna ko+oprx onpeene+c
nncnom mnkponn+epnanon (P.B*3 ) +onno +ak e, kak nn+epnanr n sananon mysrke
onpeenm+c nncnom nony+onon. Onako nnnncka ok+ana coepn+ ne 12, a 22
mnkponn+epnana. Cnono P.B*3 nocxon+ k rnarony P.B, osnanammemy cnrma+r, n ero
onpeenenne (snyk, ena ynonnmrn cnyxom) nosnone+ cnsa+r ero c noporom
snykonrco+noro pasnnnenn.
Onn ns ocnonnrx snykopon, 4+-E.+>+, nrrnn+ cneymmnm o6pasom:



Ha nepnrn nsrn, secr ncnonrsonan +o+ e npnnnnn, n+o n n o6pasonannn
snykopon sananon mysrkn. &+-E.+>+, nrpaenna nepes P.B*3 (4, 3, 2, 4, 4, 3, 2), moe+
nokasa+rc nnmr cnerka o+nnnammenc o+ nocneona+enrnoc+n nony+onon n maopnom
snykope (2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1):


Onako neko+opre, nac+o ne samenaemre oco6ennoc+n nnnnckon cnc+emr
paccennam+ .+y nnnmsnm noo6n. Ona ns nnx enenne ok+anr na non+n nnoe 6onrmee
nncno manrx nn+epnanon n neo6xonmoc+r onepnpona+r ne+nep+mn +onon nmec+o nony+onon,
+pe6ymma oco6on +pennponkn n nac+ponkn cnyxa. pyra, 6onee cnona npo6nema coc+on+
n +om, n+o, n o+nnnne o+ sananon cnc+emr, n ko+opon nce nony+onr pannr n n nm6om
nrco+nom nonoennn, na nm6om ynac+ke snykopa onpeenm+c c+anap+nrm o+nomennem
1:1,05946.., nennnnna P.B*3 ne noae+c +onnomy onpeenennm. Bokpyr .+on npo6nemr
nenacr onnnnna nckyccn.

Baananc nonpoc, pannr nn onn ma+ema+nneckn. C.p Ynnrm onc, nepnrn
enponencknn ynnrn, sann+epeconanmnnc .+on npo6nemon n konne XVIII neka,
y+nepae+, n+o onn ne ananornnnr, xo+ n cnn+am+c n o6mem +akonrmn. On
nonepknnae+, n+o an+opr nnnncknx +pak+a+on nnkora ne o6pamanncr k
ma+ema+nke npn o6cyennn .+oro nonpoca.
a
Bosanky. n saknmnenne cnoen c+a+rn
O6 nnnnckom pasenennn ok+anr npnsna+ nx o6mee noo6ne,
6
c nem cornacen Pao
Caxn6 H.P.Banxapkap.
n
dokc C+p.ny.n, onako, npnnncrnae+ P.B*3 ne ono, a
+pn ma+ema+nnecknx snanenn: (a) pasnnny mey 6onrmnm
<c+p. 293>
n manrm +onom, nasrnaemoe 7.+>+2+P.B*3, 22 nen+a, (6) pasnnny mey manrm
+onom n nony+onom 70 nen+on n (n) pasnnny mey nony+onom n 7.+>+2+P.B*3
90 nen+on.
r
Hemenknn ynnrn -p B.Bpeno.p nesanncnmo o+ C+p.ny. nonynnn
npak+nneckn connaammne snanenn: 24, 66 n 90 nen+on

Hose, onako, anneny n

knnre o6 nnnncknx snykopax
e
kpn+nkonan nx kak neoc+a+onno +onnre. Taknm
o6pasom, +onna nennnnna P.B*3 npoonae+ e6a+npona+rc. Hpec+anne+c,
onako, n+o n pennnx nnnnnen P.B*3 6rno o6mnm nanmenonannem nm6oro
nn+epnana, menrmero, nem nony+on. o XVIII neka nnkaknx npnsnakon
ma+ema+nneckoro noxoa k .+on npo6neme n Hnnn ne o6napyeno.* [17]

Tonna nncnona nennnnna P.B*3 moe+ kasa+rc ceprsnon npo6nemon sananomy
ynnomy, no o+nmr ne nne+c +akonon n nnnnckoro mysrkan+a. Bnnoe o+cy+c+nne
nn+epeca k +onnomy onpeenennm P.B*3 camo no ce6e ronopn+ o +om, n+o nnnnckne
mysrkan+r nonaram+c na omymenne n nnc+nnk+ ropaso cnnrnee, nem na o6rek+nnnre
konnnec+nennre nopmr n nsmepenn.
Cnc+ema P.B*3 o6rcne+ (xo+ 6r nac+nnno) npnpoy npn6nnsn+enrnoc+n, a +onnee
oco6on cno6or, rn6koc+n, +ekynec+n nnnnckon mysrkn. Hnnnckne snykopr o6naam+
nym nanrmn oco6ennoc+mn. Ona ns nnx saknmnae+c n +om, n+o 4,+.= npec+annm+
co6on ne +onkn (kak c+ynenn enponencknx snykopon, pasennnrx +onno yc+anonnennrmn
nn+epnanamn), a rpynnr, nynkn mnkponn+epnanon, xo+ nx nasnann n npnkpennenr k
nepxnnm rpannnnrm +onam kaon rpynnr. pyra oco6ennoc+r nomorae+ non+r
mnoroo6pasne nnnncknx .+E n oco6re me+or nx nrneenn ns nyx ocnonnrx snykopon.
Enponenckne snykopr nonynam+c ny+m o+oec+nnenn +onnkn c pasnnnnrmn
c+ynenmn nensmennon nocneona+enrnoc+n cemn noc+onnrx nn+epnanon; na ocnonnrx
nnnncknx snykopa nannnam+c c +onon 4+ n >+ (ananornnno enponencknm rammam /- n
4-5J) n nasrnam+c, coo+ne+c+nenno, 4+-E.+>+ n >+-E.+>+, onako onn cnya+ nnmr
ncxonrm ma+epnanom.
Pasnnnnre .+E3 nar o6pasym+c ns nnx nocpec+nom anr+epannn. 12
anr+epannn, ysakonennrx nnnnckon +eopnen n npak+nkon, menm+ nncno P.B*3 n 4,+.+X;
4,+.+ moe+ cnnra+rc nnns nnn nnepx +ak, n+o ona nnn ne e nnnnx P.B*3
c+anon+c anr+epnponannrm +onom 23, n +.. C kaon anr+epannen, c kaon nonon .+E-;
konqnrypann naonoro non n ero nrpasn+enrnre cnonc+na menm+c. Cneymma cxema
moe+ cnyn+r rpy6on nnnmc+pannen .+oro me+oa.
<c+p. 294>



Pacmnpemre, +onko nqqepennnpyemre, nonnnre o6nac+n 4,+. onnnm+c
E+>+A-; ckonrennmn o+ onoro +ona k pyromy, +penmn, nn6pa+o n pyrnmn m+pnxamn,
ko+oprmn onpeenm+c 6ora+c+no, rn6ka nrpasn+enrnoc+r, nenopaaema cnon+annoc+r
nnnnckon menonkn. Ckasannoro onno 6r+r oc+a+onno, n+o6r non+r, nackonrko .+o
+ekynee, oprannneckn npeo6paammeec naonoe none o+nnnae+c no cnoen npnpoe,
+pak+onke n cnonc+nam o+ ma+ema+nneckn ncnncnennoro nrco+noro nsmepenn sananon
mysrkn.
<c+p. 295>
Brno 6r, onako, omn6kon nonara+r, n+o nnre n nnkora sa npeenamn Banaa
+onnre nsmepenn n ma+ema+nneckne o+nomenn ne ncnonrsonanncr n nrco+non
oprannsannn mysrkn. n pennnx kn+annen, nepnnmnx n mysrky kak xpann+enrnnny
nopka no Bcenennon, npo6nema nrco+non oprannsannn 6rna nsnenno nanon. Mey V n
I I I nn. o n... Bmpo mysrkn naxonnocr n neennn nmnepa+opckon Hana+r mep n necon, n
ero o6sannoc+rm 6rno noepanne noc+onc+na a6conm+non nrco+r, na ko+opon c+ponnacr
nc mysrkanrna cnc+ema. Cornacno mnqy, nepna a6conm+na nrco+a 6rna nonynena o+
n+nnr dennkca mnnnc+pom nmnepa+opa, nocnannrm cnennanrno c .+on nenrm k Bananrm
Fopam. pyron ny+r 6rn 6onee nposannnrm: +on npannnrnon nrco+r nsanana +py6ka
nnnon +onno n kn+ancknn qy+, nmemamma +onno 1200 spen pnca.
Hcxo ns .+oro camoro nnskoro +ona (nasrnaemoro Xn+rn konokon) c+ynenn
kn+anckon nen+a+onnneckon rammr nrnonnncr cnoco6om, onncannrm ye n cepenne III n. o
n... B+opa +py6ka enanacr na ony +pe+r kopone nepnon n nsanana +on knnn+on nrme,
+pe+r +py6ka 6rna na ony +pe+r nnnnee n+opon n snynana knap+on nne, n +ak anee. Ha
Banae .+a nponeypa, nsnec+na co npemn Hnqaropa, onncrnae+c n nm6om yne6nnke
+eopnn mysrkn no nasnannem knap+o-knnn+onoro kpyra:


Bcne sa Hnqaropom, pennne kn+annr 6rnn pasonaponanr, o6napynn, n+o
nenana+rn mar ne npnnon+ +onno k +ony ok+anon nrme ncxonoro. Hnqarop nonn
npnnnny: nenr nnc+rx knnn+ (3:2) n knap+ (4:3) ne moe+ npnnec+n k ok+ane (2:1).
Baknmnn+enrnrn mar o+knonnc o+ ne na 23,5 nen+a +ak nasrnaemym nnqaropenckym
kommy. Kn+annr e c neo6rknonennrm ynopc+nom nr+anncr pemn+r .+y npo6nemy
npak+nneckn, ynennnnna nncno maron. B cepenne I neka o n... nncno +py6ok 6rno oneeno
o 60, a n nanane VI neka o 360. Hon+no, n+o c karm nnknom omn6ka pocna:
mysrkanrna ncenenna o+kasrnanacr samrka+rc.
Kak nn nonnonano .+o o+kpr+ne qnnocoqon n ynnrx, ono ne okasano nnkakoro
nnnnn na kn+anckym mysrky. E npak+nne-
<c+p. 296>
cknm nyam nnonne o+nenann n+r ocnonnrx +onon (ns ko+oprx nsnnekanncr n+r
ocnonnrx nnon nen+a+onnneckon rammr) n cemr ononnn+enrnrx +onon. Hs nnx na
npo+ennn c+one+nn nosnnk cnonrn arnomepa+ snykopon, naon, cnc+em n
+pancnosnnnn, sany+annoc+r ko+oporo cnoco6na noc+ann+r n +ynnk camrx npocnemnnrx
ns conpemennrx kn+ancknx mysrkan+on.
Hoxo k .+on npo6neme n pennen Fpennn 6rn nnrm. He ena
ononrc+nona+rc nem-nn6o menrmnm, neenn pannonanrno noc+nnma cnc+ema,
mysrkan+r, 6rnmne n pannon mepe qnnocoqamn n ec+ec+noncnr+a+enmn, nr+anncr
noc+pon+r nocneona+enrno ma+ema+nneckym mysrkanrnym +eopnm, n nac+noc+n, nrnec+n
snykop ns nenrx nncen n nx o+nomennn.
Hapy c nnqaropencknm nnknnnecknm me+oom ncnonrsonanc pasenn+enrnrn
me+o, npenoennrn nnmocom n coc+onmnn n enennn ok+anr na +epnnn 6onrmne
(5:4) n manre (6:5). Cymma 6onrmon n manon +epnnn anana knnn+y, n +onnoc+n
connaanmym c nnqaropenckon (3:2), no 6onrma +epnn (5:4 nnn 80:64) nonynanacr ye
nnqaroponon (81:64) na 21,5 nen+a+ak nasrnaemym nnmony kommy. Bonee npak+nnnrn
komnpomncc ns6pan Apnc+okcen ynennk Hna+ona, crn npoqeccnonanrnoro mysrkan+a;
on pemnn nrepnna+r +onnre akyc+nneckne o+nomenn nnmr n nnc+rx nn+epnanax
ok+anr, knnn+r n knap+r, npeoc+annn nce oc+anrnre na ycmo+penne n nkyc mysrkan+on.
Honckn neanrnoro mysrkanrnoro c+po nonnomenn Mnponon rapmonnn,
o+kprnammenc nenoneky n nncnax, npoonana nnae+r ymamn mysrkan+on-
+eope+nkon n n nocneymmne c+one+n. Co npemenem npo6nema c+po c+ana npak+nneckn
nanon. Hecxoenn n npo+nnopenn, ko+opre n .noxy moanrnoro onoronocn
+eope+nkon +penonnn 6onrme, nem mysrkan+on, c poennem rapmonnn, +onanrnoc+en n
moynnnn anann o ce6e sna+r ockop6n+enrno qanrmnnrmn cosnynnmn.
Mysrkanrnrn kocmoc okasanc nppannonanrnrm, a akyc+nneckn nnc+rn c+pon
neocymec+nnmrm. Bnykop, ocnonannrn na o+nomennx nenrx nncen, npn +pancnosnnnn
nckaanc. Brno cno, n+o akyc+nnecknm conepmenc+nom npn+c noep+nona+r.
He pannomepnon +emnepannn nosnnkna saonro o +oro, kak Bax nanncan cnon
Xopomo +emnepnponannrn knannp. Apnan Bnnnap+ o6ymrnan e em n 1550 roy.
Ona 6rna npnn+a n kanec+ne o6men nopmr +onrko nocne +oro, kak mysrkan+r ncnepnann
nosmonoc+n npncnoco6nenn c+apon, .c+e+nneckn 6onee npnnneka+enrnon cnc+emr k
nonrm c+nnnc+nnecknm ycnonnm. B 1555 Hnkona Bnnen+nno onncan apxnnem6ano c
mec+rm manyanamn n 31
<c+p. 297>
knannmen n ok+ane, na ko+opom mono 6rno nonyna+r nce +ona na+onnneckon,
xpoma+nneckon n .nrapmonnneckon ramm pennerpeneckon +eopnn. Heckonrko nose
6enrrnen Eapnr hm+on noc+ponn nnc+pymen+ c 18 knannmamn n ok+ane, nknmnanmnmn,
napy c na+onnnecknmn c+ynenmn, .nrapmonnneckne napnan+r xpoma+nnecknx
c+ynenen. Hpnmepno n +o e npem c+ponnncr nnc+pymen+r, ennnmne ok+any na 24 n 28
c+ynenen. Hrpa+r na nnx 6rno +pyno. Hpoek+ Fmnrenca, samrcnnnmero nnc+pymen+ c 31
knannmen n ok+ane, ko+oprn onen 6rn cena+r nosmonrmn +pancnosnnnn
na+onnnecknx snykopon, +ak n ne 6rn ocymec+nnn.
Tonna nn+onann (just intonation) nasnanne onon ns mnornx cnc+em
nac+ponkn 12 +onon ok+anr. Oco6enno nonynpna n ckpnnnnnon npak+nke nanana XVIII
neka, ona 6rna npnsnana makcnmanrno npn6nnsn+r nosmono 6onrmee nncno knnn+ n
+epnnn k akyc+nneckn nnc+omy nny. Hnqaropencknn c+pon ncxonn +onrko ns nnc+on
knnn+r. Cpene+ononrn c+pon (meantone), nsnec+nrn no menrmen mepe n n+n
napnan+ax, o6eperan nnc+o+y 6onrmnx +epnnn. Karn npnnocnn n ep+ny nnc+o+y ncex
n+opoc+enennrx nn+epnanon, n, 6yynn npnemnemrm n onnx +onanrnoc+x, okasrnanc
nenpnemnemrm n pyrnx.
Pannomepna (nnn norapnqmnnecka) +emnepann nnnacr nonc+nne
emokpa+nnecknm komnpomnccom. Hpnnnnn nenrx nncen n nx o+nomennn 6rn o+6pomen n
ok+ana pasenena na 12 pannrx nony+onon, onpeenemrx nppannonanrnrm nncnom
1,059431... . B pesynr+a+e nce nn+epnanr, sa ncknmnennem ok+anr, okasanncr
nennc+rmn, no panno yno+pe6nmrmn no ncex 24 maopnrx n mnnopnrx +onanrnoc+x.
Xonona ma+ema+nka okonna+enrno nr+ecnnna pennmm marnm cnmennrx nenrx nncen.
Hpn ncm mnoroo6pasnn cnoco6on oprannsannn snykonrco+noro npoc+panc+na nce
onn ncxonnn ns ennon monnannnon npenocrnkn: nn+epnanr onnr 6rnn nonynn+r
+onnre nncnonre snanenn, n snykop mrcnnnc kak ce+ka +ak nnn nnane
saqnkcnponannrx nrco+. Mey nn+mn .+on ce+kn nen+ mysrkanrna nnnenna
semn neo6n+aemre, nyc+re, non+n necymec+nymmne nponanr. Mysrkan+ ynoo6nnc
kana+oxony, ko+opomy noc+onno rposn+ onacnoc+r cockonrsny+r n ynac+r: ckonrko-
nn6yr same+noe o+knonenne o+ npeyc+anonnennon nrco+r ocyae+c kak qanrmnna
no+a, ne+epnnma rpsr. He ynnn+enrno, n+o mysrka, npnnsanna k .+omy ce+na+omy
npoc+panc+ny, kae+c noc+onnrm mysrkan+am prammenc, ckanymen, kak n+nna, c
ne+kn na ne+ky, no panee npnneennrm Bapesom cnonam ero nnnnckoro ynennka.
<c+p. 298>
Kpn+epnn +onnoc+n, sakpennnnrn pannomepnon nony+ononon ce+kon
+emnepnponannon xpoma+nneckon rammr, enc+nye+ n n name npem. Ero ne kone6nm+
nonr+kn conpemennrx komnosn+opon pasmrnn+r snykonrco+noe npoc+panc+no, cena+r
ero 6onee rn6knm nocpec+nom nneenn mnkponn+epnanon n ony ne+nep+ym n n ony
mec+ym onm +ona n ae enennem ok+anr na 96 pannrx nn+epnanon, kak noc+ynnn
mekcnkancknn komnosn+op Xynnan Kapnno. Bce .+n nonr+kn nnmr ynennnnnam+ nncno
nenonnno saqnkcnponannrx nn+en. Ho-nnnmomy, mysrke sananon +pannnn .+a
npeoxpann+enrna ce+ka +ak e neo6xonma, kak konnennn nrco+no onpeennnoro n
c+a6nnrnoro +ona.
* * *
pyrnm nsmepennem ce+na+oro npoc+panc+na nne+c npem.
Brco+y +ona nenrs nocnn+a+r. Hac+o+r n akyc+nneckne o+nomenn ckpr+r o+
cnyxa, n cnoco6r oprannsannn nep+nkanrnoro nsmepenn mysrkn npnxonnocr o+rcknna+r,
o6ocnonrna+r n paspa6a+rna+r npak+nneckn.
Oprannsann npemenn ne +pe6onana c+onr 6onrmnx nn+ennek+yanrnrx ycnnnn.
Bpem pasmepe+c mnoec+nom nnrx ec+ec+nennrx nponeccon, nac+o neo+ennmrx o+
camoro na6nma+en, pn+mamn xor6r, rxann, cepna n +.. Ena nn mono
comnena+rc n +om, n+o npem mysrkn nekamn pasmepnocr nnennmn nor +annopa, pyk
6apa6anmnka, rxannem qnen+nc+a. Cepne cnynno ec+ec+nennrm me+ponomom, n
coo+ne+c+nnn c ko+oprm pn+mr n +emnr nocnpnnnmanncr kak menennre nnn 6rc+pre.
Banrn nkna n oprannsannm mysrkanrnoro npemenn nnecna penr penn+nponanne
cnmennrx +ekc+on, pasmepennrn pn+yannsonannrn c+nnr nepeann .nnnecknx ckasannn n
no.snn.
Bce .+n pn+mnnnre nponeccr, npn ncex pasnnnnx nx npnpor, c+enenen cno6or n
cnonoc+n, oc+ynnr na6nmennm, kanonnsannn n kon+ponm. Becnncnennre cxemr
nnenenn npemenn n c+nxax, +anne n mysrke nrpa6a+rnanncr n c+anonnnncr +pannnen no
ncex nsnec+nrx kynr+ypax n no nce nepnor nc+opnn. Takne pn+mnneckne c+pyk+ypr
pennoc+no oxpannncr kak nana nac+r nn+yprnnecknx n no.+nnecknx kanonon. Mnorne
o+knonenn npomanncr, kpome o+c+ynnennn o+ nepnoro pn+ma. Cnorn +ma+enrno
nocnn+rnanncr n o6rennnncr n rpynnr onrne n kpa+kne, yapnre n neyapnre.
Bakpennnnre n pasnnnnrx kanonnsnponannrx cone+a-
<c+p. 299>
nnx, onn c+anonnnncr c+onamn rpeneckon knaccnneckon no.snn n qynamen+om moanrnoro
pn+ma n pannen nonnqonnn.
B nonckax npnnnnnon oprannsannn snykonrco+noro npoc+panc+na, n onpeenennn
ero konnnec+nennrx napame+pon nncna nrpann npesnrnanno nanym ponr. Ynac+nonann onn
n n oprannsannn mysrkanrnoro npemenn, no ne kak konnnec+na, a kak nnc+re nen,
cnmennre cnmnonr. B cpenenekonon cnmennon ma+ema+nke ennnna cnmnonnsnponana
Bora, nonkaTnopenne, +ponka cn+ym Tponny; ne+rpe coo+ne+c+nonano nncny
enanrennc+on n rnannrx c+nxnn; cemr 6rno cnmnonom nenoneneckon npnpor coennenn
yxa n nno+n (3+4); nenana+r (3x4) cnmnonnsnponano nponnknonenne yxa n nno+r n
nncno anoc+onon n +..
Bennknn ma+ema+nk XV neka Hnkonan Kysancknn, conepmenno nesanncnmo o+ cnonx
co6c+nenno ma+ema+nnecknx nccneonannn, nnen n nncnax n reome+pnnecknx qnrypax
o+kponenn nc+nnr n o6rek+r cosepnann. Bonpoc, coc+o+ nn .+n cnmennre nncna ns
pannrx no nennnnne ennnn, nokasanc 6r emy a6cypnrm. H c+onr e a6cypno 6rno 6r
cnn+a+r, n+o npemennre ennnnr mysrkanrnrx c+pyk+yp, ocnonannrx na cnmennrx
nncnax, onnr 6r+r konnnec+nenno pannrmn. Mexannneckne yc+ponc+na n nsmepenn n
pannomepnoro enenn npemenn n konnennn ynnqnnnponannoro +ak+onoro enenn
nonnnncr nnmr c okonna+enrnrm oqopmnennem connanrnoro c+epeo+nna o6rek+nnnoro
onepannonnoro npemenn.
Kyp+ Bakc nnme+ o pannnx .+anax qopmnponann pn+ma:

Oprannsann pn+ma nosnnkna mnoro nose +oro npemenn, kora nenonek, noo6no
n+nne, menonneckn nrpaan nync+na paoc+n nnn nenann. Hoka nenen 6rn
onnonkon n nen 6es ynac+nn pyrnx ronocon nnn nnc+pymen+on, no+pe6noc+r n
pn+mnneckon ncnnnnnne 6rna onenr cna6on. Menonka o+c+anrx nnnnnnsannn n
Amepnke, na mnrx oc+ponax Tnxoro okeana, n Asnn n Aqpnke peko
o6napynnae+ +o+ mexannnecknn nopok, k ko+opomy c+pem+c nce nrcoko
pasnn+re kynr+ypr...
Bananre konnennnn, co6nasnmmne conpemennoro pacmnqponmnka npoc+o+on n
yo6c+nom n+enn, onacnr; +ak+onre nep+r n pasmep, npoc+annennrn n nanane
mysrkanrnoro +ekc+a, o6mannnnr n ne am+ npec+annenn o6 .+on cno6oe n
nppannonanrnoc+n.
...B npnmn+nnnrx kynr+ypax, n conrnom nennn mr o6rnno ne naxonm
oprannsymmero npnnnnna nnn c+pyk+ypr n kakom-nn6o sananom nonnmannn... [18]

Mexannnecknn cn+, ynnqnnnponannre me+pnneckne cxemr o+cy+c+nym+ ne +onrko
n o+c+anrx npnmn+nnnrx kynr+ypax, no n n ynnconnom nennn rpnropnanckoro xopana, n n
nrcoko pasnn+on
<c+p. 300>
peneccancnon nonnqonnn. Bnponem n nocnenen, c poennem n nanane XIV neka c+nn Ars
Nova, y+nepnnmero npnnnnn neorpannnennon 6nnapnon ennmoc+n nn+enrnoc+en, ye
6rnn nocenr cemena ennoo6pasn.
Hnnnna+opom .+oro nonmec+na 6rn Hre+po Kpyne, ko+oprn n konne XIII neka nnn
enenne cemn6pennca (n +o npem kpa+nanmen nn+enrnoc+n) na menrmne nac+n o+ 2 o 7.
3+o neo6rknonenno pasnoo6pasnno pn+m, no cosanano nonre cnonoc+n. Menrmne
nn+enrnoc+n ne nrnncrnanncr n no+ax: nx naneano nnon+r n sanncnmoc+n o+
mysrkanrnoro kon+ekc+a cornacno sany+annrm npannnam mensypannn n moanrnoro pn+ma.
Xan e Mypnc qnnocoq n ma+ema+nk, nonrsonanmnnc an+opn+e+om n nonpocax
mysrkanrnon +eopnn, nckope ysakonnn 6nnapnoe enenne nn+enrnoc+en, cenan +em camrm
pemammnn mar n c+opony ynpomenn n c+anap+nsannn pn+ma (na o6enenne ko+oporo ye
+ora ce+onann neko+opre ns ero conpemennnkon).
K py6ey XVI-XVII nn. .+o+ nponecc oc+nr cnoero nornneckoro sanepmenn.
Pn+mnneckne moycr n cnonoc+n mensypannn 6rnn okonna+enrno oc+annenr n nonnoc+rm
samenenr nonon, me+pnneckon cnc+emon oprannsannn mysrkanrnoro npemenn, ocnonannon na
npoc+rx nncnonrx c+pyk+ypax ns nyx nnn +px pannrx ennnn, o6rennemrx onnm
noc+onnrm aknen+om, n na kom6nnannx +aknx c+pyk+yp.
3+o+ pemn+enrnrn cnnr o+nenan sanpocam nn+ennek+yanrnoro knnma+a Beka
Pasyma. Me+pnneckne pn+mr yonne+nopnn nym rnannrm ycnonnm cekynpnsonannoro
nckycc+na: cnoc+n mrcnn n nrpaennm aqqek+on. Hepnoe nonnnno mysrky neanam
reome+pnn n nncnonrx nponopnnn; n+opoe oc+nranocr nocpec+nom o6pamenn mysrkn k
nrpasn+enrnomy ec+y n +enecnrm nnennm kak npo+onnnam, oco6enno n mysrke XVIII n.
c e rocnoc+nom pn+mon +anna n mec+nn.
Mysrkanrnoe npem n npem noo6me nanann mrcnn+rc n +pak+ona+rc kak
pacnncnennrn nyc+on kon+nnyym, n ko+opom yo6no pasmemanncr n onosnananncr +nnonre
npemennre c+pyk+ypr, nrenennre ns pasnnnnrx kon+ekc+on. Mysrka c+ana onnm ns
nponnennn +on konnennnn npemenn, ko+opa 6rna cqopmynnponana Hrm+onom n
qnnocoqcknx n naynno +eope+nnecknx non+nx.

A6conm+noe, nc+nnnoe ma+ema+nneckoe npem camo no ce6e n n coo+ne+c+nnn co
cnoen npnpoon +en+ pannomepno, nesanncnmo o+ ncero nnemnero, n nnane nmenye+c
nn+enrnoc+rm. O+nocn+enrnoe, kaymeec, o6rennoe npem ec+r nekoe
omymaemoe nnemnee (+on-
<c+p. 301>
noe nnn ne+onnoe) nsmepenne nn+enrnoc+n mepon nnenn, ko+opoe o6rnno
ncnonrsye+c nmec+o nc+nnnoro npemenn; +akonr nac, enr, mecn, ro... B
qnnocoqcknx onpeenennx nam nanen+ o+nneka+rc o+ namnx nync+n n
paccma+pnna+r nemn +ak +akonre, o+nnnnre o+ +oro, n+o nne+c ncero nnmr nx
omymaemrmn nsmepennmn. [19]

Honnmanne npemenn n o6pamenne c nnm n sananon nnnnnnsannn XVII-XIX nn. 6rno
neocosnanno nrm+onnancknm no yxy. Ynnkanrnre cnonc+na konkpe+nrx co6r+nn n
npeme+on nepec+ann nrpa+r kakym-nn6o ponr n onenke npemennrx o+nomennn n nponeccon.
Bpem y+pa+nno kanec+nennym xapak+epnoc+r, o6ecnne+nnocr, npenpa+nnocr n nen+panrnrn
onoponrn pannomepno nnymnnc qon nm6rx co6r+nn n nponeccon. B mysrke, kak n no
ncex nponnx cqepax kynr+ypr, naykn n npak+nneckon e+enrnoc+n, y+nepnnocr
xponome+pnneckoe npem.
:-7-5-E38
Taknm o6pasom, mysrka sananon knaccnneckon +pannnn pasmemae+c na
pannomepnon ce+ke, o6pasonannon nepecekammnmnc nennnmrmn nn+mn, ko+opre
nepekprnam+ o+nonmrn en nanason nrco+no-nnamnneckoro cnyxa. 3+a ce+ka enc+nye+
kak qnnr+p: secr mysrkon c+anonn+c +onrko +o, n+o yepnnae+c na nen. Oc+anrnoe ne
naxon+ onopr, nponannnae+c cknosr nenkn .+oro qnnr+pa n ncnesae+ n nyc+om
npnspannom nonpoc+panc+ne, ncknmnnnom ns peanrnoro +ononoro non.
Hennnma ce+ka npocnennnae+ n nm6on +pannnonnon nap+n+ype c e
n+nnnnennrmn c+anamn, pacnnenmmnmn nrco+noe npoc+panc+no, nensmennrmn
+ak+onrmn nep+amn, o+cekammnmn pannre npemennre nn+epnanr, n nac+rm sa6opom
nocrmrx, mec+nana+rx nnn +pnna+r n+oprx.
Cornacno onon ns rnannrx npenocrnok, kaoe nsmepenne .+on pem+kn
onopono n pannomepno, noo6no nsmepennm nrm+onona npoc+panc+nenno-npemennoro
kon+nnyyma. Hmenno no.+omy pn+mnnecka qopmyna, akkop nnn menonnecknn mo+nn
mory+ nepemema+rc ns onoro ynac+ka +ononoro non n pyron nnepx nnn nnns n
nosnnka+r n pasnre momen+r npemenn, oc+anacr +oec+nennrmn camnm ce6e n
ysnanaemrmn. Onn nocnpnnnmam+c
<c+p. 302>
kak o6rek+r, o6naammne konc+an+noc+rm rem+anr+a. Bonee +oro, mono ckasa+r, n+o
karn ns nnx cam nrc+ynae+ kak rem+anr+ nnnapnan+, pacnosnanaemrn no mnoec+ne
napnannn. Hx konc+an+noc+r o6rek+nnna n nrpasnma nepes nrco+nre n npemennre
nn+epnanr, ko+opre mory+ 6r+r +onno nsmepenr n ne sannc+ o+ mec+ononoenn +aknx
o6rek+on n +ononom none.
He +ononoro npoc+panc+na kak pannomepnon npmoyronrnon pem+kn noo6na
mepka+opckon npoeknnn n kap+orpaqnn, npnnecmen n cepenne XVI neka cnany n npnsnanne
e nso6pe+a+enm, n c+onr e o6mannnna. B o6onx cnynax nsmepenn npoc+panc+na en+c
na nncnenno pannre o+peskn, nrpaennre n onom cnynae nepes rpaycr mnpo+r n
onro+r, a n pyrom nepes nony+ona n nanmenrmne nn+enrnoc+n. Ho nsmep+r peanrnre
pacc+onn na kap+ax Mepka+opa nenosmono: n nx npmoyronrnon (nnnnnpnneckon)
cnc+eme koopnna+ +onkn cenepnoro n mnoro nonmcon pac+rnnam+c n nnnnm pannon c
.kna+opom nnnr. H +onno +ak e nenosmono cyn+r o peanrnon mnpo+e nrco+noro
nn+epnana ncxo ns ero nncnennon nennnnnr. Bna, n+o nmeem eno c onnm n +em e
nn+epnanom, mr ne moem ne nync+nona+r, n+o nennnnna ero mene+c n sanncnmoc+n o+ ero
nrco+noro nonoenn.
onyc+nm, nam npenaram+c ne manre +epnnn na pacc+onnn +px ok+an
ckaem, e2-g2 n E-G n saa+c nonpoc: pannr nn .+n nn+epnanr?. Onosnannrn o+ne+
okasrnae+c secr nenosmonrm: nn+epnanr pannr, nockonrky coepa+ pannoe nncno
nony+onon, no nepxn +epnn kae+c namnoro 6onee npoc+opnon, nem nnn, ca+a
non+n o c+enenn y+pa+r konconan+noc+n.
3+o nnenne onncrnae+c n yne6nnkax ncnxonornn no nasnannem ncnxonornneckon
nrco+r n nnnmc+pnpye+c eqopmnponannrm nso6paennem knanna+ypr, re pacc+onn
mey knannmamn coo+ne+c+nym+ omymaemon mnpnne nn+epnanon.



Hckaenn na .+om pncynke npnymenrmenr. O6 nx enc+nn+enrnom macm+a6e
nosnone+ cyn+r narpamma, ocnonanna na .kcnepnmen+anrnrx annrx o6 nsmenennx
nync+nn+enrnoc+n cnyxa k nrco+nrm nsmenennm n rpannnax cnyxonoro nanasona. Ona
<c+p. 303>
o+paae+ nennnnny noporonoro pasnnnenn nsmenennn nrco+r n nen+ax n nponen+ax n
nokasrnae+, n+o .+o+ nopor, nan6onee nrcoknn y nnnero konna nanasona (pasnnnenne
nrco+r nanxymee), npn nnennn nnepx nonnae+c, oc+nrae+ mnnnmanrnon nennnnnr
(yponn nan6onee +onkoro pasnnnenn okono 5 nen+on nnn 0,3%) n panone 2-n-4-n ok+an n
cnona nonrmae+c no mepe npn6nnenn k nepxnemy npeeny cnyxonoro nanasona.
Hsmepenn nokasrnam+, n+o n rpannnax yno+pe6nmoro nanasona nrco+ oc+po+a nrco+noro
pasnnnenn nnn, nnrmn cnonamn, nno+noc+r nomnnanrno onoro n +oro e nn+epnana
mene+c o n+n pas, a .+o o6rcne+, nonemy knnn+a n kpannem nnnem pernc+pe kae+c
non+n +akon e yskon, kak mana cekyna n cpenem pernc+pe.



Bosnnkae+ napaokcanrna cn+yann. C onon c+oponr, cymec+nym+ ok+anr, knnn+r,
knap+r n nponne nn+epnanr c+poro onpeennnon nennnnnr, ko+opa o6ycnonnena
coo+nomennmn nac+o+ n ne sanncn+ o+ nx pernc+ponoro nonoenn. C pyron,
pernc+ponoe nonoenne nac+onrko cnnrno nnne+ na nx nocnpn+ne, n+o onn n +o+ e
nn+epnan kae+c n neckonrko pas mnpe nnn ye ce6 camoro. Henr nen+nnnrx ok+an
pac+rnnae+c, kak pesnna, n cepenne nanasona n n nospac+ammen c+enenn cnmae+c no
mepe npn6nnenn k ero kpam.

<c+p. 304>



Bosmono nn, n+o6r n snykonrco+nom nsmepennn cymec+nonana ne ona cnc+ema
nopka, a ne, c+onr pasn+enrno neconnaammne? Kak o6rcnn+r cnoco6noc+r mysrkanrnoro
nocnpn+n opnen+npona+rc n .+on nonc+nennon cnc+eme 6es ycnnnn n kakoro-nn6o
nync+na konqnnk+a nnn nny+pennero npo+nnopenn?
H+o6r o+ne+n+r na .+n nonpocr, oc+a+onno o+a+r ce6e o+n+ n +om, n+o c
noo6noro poa saraonnrmn cn+yannmn mr c+anknnaemc na kaom mary. Brcoknn xonm
n o+anennn mono sacnonn+r naonrm, ne ynnncr .+omy n sa6rna o neconsmepnmoc+n
.+nx nyx npeme+on. Henocpec+nennoe, nepaccyammee nocnpnnvne n onocpeonannoe
onr+om pannonanrnoe snanne mnpno cocymec+nym+ n .+on n mnoec+ne ananornnnrx
cn+yannn, ne npo+nnopena pyr pyry n ne npnnneka nnnmanne k nonc+nennoc+n cnc+emr
onenkn. Tak e nonc+nenna cnc+ema onenkn nennnnnr snykonrco+nrx nn+epnanon: onn
nepennam+c kak uyncvnennme peanrnoc+n n ononpemenno onosnavcn na 6ase
npemec+nymmero snakomc+na c nnmn kak c akyc+nnecknmn o6rek+amn.
To, n+o akyc+nneckn nen+nnnre nn+epnanr o6naam+ cnonc+nom kasa+rc
6onrmnmn nnn menrmnmn, xopomo nsnec+no ns ncnxonornn. Hn+epnanr npec+annm+c
nan6onee mnpoknmn, a cnyx makcnmanrno nync+nn+enen k nsmenennm nrco+r, rpy6o ronop, n
o6nac+n 1-n n 2-n ok+an. 3+a o6nac+r npnmepno, o+ 200 o 800 kone6annn n cekyny
nmenye+c fovea nnn n+oe n+no cnyxa no ananornn c nen+panrnon o6nac+rm
ce+na+kn, n ko+opon spn+enrnre o6pasr oc+nram+ makcnmanrnon n+koc+n n e+anrnoc+n.
3+y o6nac+r mono nasna+r +ake nepennm nnanom mysrkanrnoro o6pasa
anancnenon, na ko+opon cymec+nennre co6r+n nponcxo+ c nan6onrmen c+a+nc+nneckon
nepo+noc+rm. Hn+epecno n +o, n+o ona, n o6mem, connaae+ c rpannnamn cpenero
nenoneneckoro ronoca n ec+ec+nennoro nenn.
pyra oco6ennoc+r cnyxonoro nocnpn+n nepemenna nync+nn+enrnoc+r k cnne
snyka npna+ em 6onrmee snanenne cpe-
<c+p. 305>
nemy ynac+ky snykonoro nanasona. Hmenno n o6nac+n makcnmanrnon nync+nn+enrnoc+n
cnyxa k nrco+e nannnae+ kpy+o nospac+a+r ero nync+nn+enrnoc+r k cnne snyka. Kak
nokasrnae+ npnnonmrn nne rpaqnk+ak nasrnaema kpnna pannon rpomkoc+n,no 2-
n-B-n ok+anax (+o ec+r, n o6nac+n mey 500 n 2000 Hz) snyk kae+c na 40-50 enn6en
rpomne snykon +onno +akon e cnnr na kpax cnyxonoro nanasona.



Pasnnnne n 40-50 enn6en osnanae+, n+o cy6rek+nnno omymaema rpomkoc+r
mene+c o+ 2
4
o 2
5
nnn o+ 16 o 32 pas, n+o .knnnanen+no nsmenennm pacc+onn o
nc+onnnka snyka n 4-5,5 pas. Hnnmsn menmmenc nc+annnn, cosanaema conmec+nrm
enc+nnem necrma cxonx sanncnmoc+en mey nrco+on snyka, c onon c+oponr, n noporamn
nocnpn+n rpomkoc+n n nrco+nrx o+nomennn, c pyron, nomorae+ non+r napaokc
nrco+noro cnyxa. On saknmnae+c n conmemennn nyx npncymnx nenoneky nnanon nocnpn+n
qnsnueckoro n ncnxonornueckoro.
C+epeo+nn nrco+noro nsmepenn kak nenn pannrx ok+an (nnn nnrx nn+epnanon)
npenonarae+ nen+panrno o6rek+nnnoe o+nomenne cnyma+en k .+omy nsmepennm, kak ecnn
6r .+o 6rna mkana +emnepa+ypr, nnanoc+n, neca nnn a6c+pak+noe nncnonoe npoc+panc+no
ma+ema+nkn. B .+om nnane nocnpn+n a6conm+na nrco+a nnn o+nocn+enrna rpomkoc+r
snyka ne nrpam+ nnkakon ponn. Cnyx enc+nye+ kak akyc+nnecknn anannsa+op,
pernc+pnpymmnn
<c+p. 306>
+oec+nennoc+r nn+epnanon ncknmnn+enrno Ha ocnone nx qnsnnecknx xapak+epnc+nk, n
kakon 6r nac+n cnyxonoro nanasona onn nn nosnnkann. Bonpoc o mec+ononoennn
na6nma+en, o nnnnon nepcnek+nne, n ko+opon o6ospenae+c npo+nnoc+r nrco+noro
nsmepenn, secr ne nosnnkae+. Ha6nma+enr nesecym; ne npnnsannrn k onpeennnon
+onke, on nocnpnnnmae+ n onennnae+ nce ynac+kn .+oro o6rek+nnnoro +eope+nneckoro
npoc+panc+na onnakono. He nosnnkae+ n nonpoc o qopme nrco+noro nsmepenn: 6yynn
onomepnrm, .+o npoc+panc+no moe+ npnnnma+r nm6ym qopmy, ko+opa ne napymae+
npncymym emy pannomepnoc+r nnenenn.
Onako n .+on cnc+eme nn+epnanrnre o+nomenn nonnomenr n snyke, o6naammem
pasnnnnrmn cnonc+namn, ko+opre onennnam+c cy6rek+om coo+ne+c+nenno ero
ncnxonornneckon npnpoe. Henonek cnrmn+ snykn kak rpomkne nnn +nxne, o+ne+nnnre nnn
pacnnrnna+re, nno+nre nnn paspennre, 6nnskne nnn o+annnre, nocnpnnnma nx n
co6c+nennon cy6rek+nnnon nepcnek+nne.
Y cnyma+en ec+r co6c+nenna mepa nrco+r ec+ec+nennrn cpennn pernc+p
ronoca, yponenr rnas, no o+nomennm k ko+opomy on onpeene+ cnrmnmre snykn kak
nnskne nnn nrcokne, cnonno o6pama na nnx cnon cnyxonon nsrn nnns nnn nnepx. Ero
cnyxonoe none saknmneno n nepcnek+nny, nynn ko+opon kacam+c npeenon cnrmnmoro. B
.+on nepcnek+nne, c ero +onkn cnyxa, ok+anr ne pannr, n nenr nx ne o6pasye+ npmym
nnnnm.
Hpeenrno nnsknn, ena cnrmnrn snyk cnonno nosnnkae+ nann ns rny6okoro
ne6r+n; nonrmacr, on cnrmn+c rpomne n kae+c npn6nnammnmc, nockonrky
rpomkoc+r pac+e+ 6rc+pee, nem omymenne nrco+r, nc em nsnymen n nno+nom nnnem
pernc+pe; em nrme rpomkoc+r oc+nrae+ makcnmyma (xo+ qnsnnecka cnna snyka oc+a+c
npenen) on kak 6r npoxon+ na 6nnanmem pacc+onnn nepe cnyxonrm nsrnom
na6nma+en, nosnon pasnnnn+r menrnanmne e+ann; em nrme snyk ema+epnannsye+c,
cna6ee+, ero kon+ypr pacnnrnam+c on o6pamae+c n pkym +onky n nrmnne n ye ne
c+onrko nonnmae+c, ckonrko yane+c, noc+enenno enacr nepasnnnnmrm, n ncnesae+.
3nek+ponnrn snyk saneomo noc+onnon cnnr, ckonrsmnn o+ nnnero o nepxnero npeena
cnrmnmoro nanasona, nannynmnm o6pasom nnnmc+pnpye+ .+o onncanne.
B nepcnek+nne nync+nennoro nocnpn+n nenr ok+an npec+anne+c ne npmon
nnnnen, a napa6onon, nrnyknoc+rm cnoen o6pamennon k na6nma+enm, a nynamn
npoc+npammnmnc nnepx n nnns nponr o+ nero. Brnykna cpen o6nac+r nocnpnnnmae+c
6onee nnn menee qpon+anrno, kae+c nan6onee 6nnskon, n nn+epnanr
<c+p. 307>
secr kay+c nan6onee mnpoknmn n nmec+nmrmn. Ho mepe nnenn nnepx n nnns o+
nen+panrnon o6nac+n, nn+epnanr nn+c no nc 6onee oc+prm yrnom, n cokpamennn, n
na kpax nanasona npn6nnam+c k o6pasymmnm nepcnek+nnnoro yrna non+n no
kaca+enrnon. 3+nm mono o6rcnn+r, nonemy na kpax nanasona snyk nosnnkae+ n
ncnesae+ non+n neynonnmo, a ne o6prnae+c nnesanno, kak 6rno 6r n cnynae, ecnn 6r
nrco+noe npoc+panc+no 6rno npmonnnennrm.
Cymmapnrn ncnxonornnecknn pesynr+a+ nsmenennn noporon nrco+noro pasnnnenn n
rpomkoc+n .qqek+ npn6nnenn n yanenn o+pan n npenaraemon cxeme nnnnen
nnnmsopnon +paek+opnn snyka.



B npoonenne onroro npemenn na Banae, kak n nrne n +pannnonnrx kynr+ypax,
mysrka ncnonrsye+ orpannnennrn o+pesok nanasona cnrmnmrx snykon ynac+ok,
cnsannrn c npeenamn nenoneneckoro ronoca. B .+nx ycnonnx kpnnnsna nrco+noro
nsmepenn ne npnnnekana k ce6e nnnmann n ne samenanacr. Tonno +ak e o nanana .pr
ny+emec+nnn n nennknx reorpaqnnecknx o+kpr+nn ne samenanacr kpnnnsna semnon
nonepxnoc+n: mepka+opcka
<c+p. 308>
npmoyronrna npoeknn, a+npyema 1568 room, 6rna nocnennm o+ronockom pennnx
npec+annennn o nnockon Bemne.
Ocosnanne o+kpr+rx npoc+panc+n kak semnoro, +ak n mysrkanrnoro, rpannnr
ko+oprx nekamn npec+annnncr npeenom, 6rno +anno n nepasprnno cnsano c
npak+nnecknm nccneonannem ma+epnanrnoro mnpa, nonnoro 6ecnncnennrx nemen,
co6r+nn, nponeccon, enc+nnn n omymennn.
Oepnmoc+r ynnrx n +nopnon neo6r+noc+rm qnsnneckoro npoc+panc+na n ero
neneomrmn nosmonoc+mn, npnnena, napy c 6ypnrm pacnne+om ec+ec+nennrx nayk n
nepcnek+nnnon nnonncn, k nonomy nsrny na npoc+panc+no mysrkn k ocosnannm ero
xyoec+nennrx no+ennnn n anomy onnaennm nmn. Bnemne .+o+ momnrn nmnynrc
nponnnc n nosnnknonennn nonoro +nna npoc+panc+nennrx mnoroxopnrx komnosnnnn.
Ero nny+pennne nponnenn 6rnn nananom pankanrnon +pancqopmannn enponenckon
mysrkanrnon cnc+emr.
C +oro npemenn mysrkan+r neyc+anno sanonrnann n kononnsnponann
npoc+panc+na sa ropnson+om mnpa, npnnrnnoro n nokonennn nx npemec+nennnkon,
orpannnennoro nym-+pem ok+anamn. O+kprna+enn nonrx mysrkanrnrx +eppn+opnn
pacmnpnn cnon nnaenn n o6onx nanpannennx nnrcr, ko nc 6onrmen cne+onocnoc+n
n 6ecnno+noc+n, n nnns, k +mnrm rny6nnam.
Bmec+e c pacmnpennem nsnennoro npoc+panc+na nepe mysrkon o+kprnanncr nc
nonre, 6onee mnpokne konopnc+nneckne, nnonncnre, pama+nneckne nosmonoc+n, n
ko+oprx oc+po nyanocr nckycc+no nonoro npemenn. Pacmnpcr nnepx n nnns, mysrkanrnoe
npoc+panc+no ononpemenno npno6pe+ano nc 6onrmym o6rmnoc+r, nepcnek+nny, rny6nny;
nc+annn mey cpennm n kpannnmn pernc+pamn nepennm n sannm nnanamn
nospac+ana c karm nonrm sanonannrm ynac+kom nrco+r.
Henoneneckne ronoca c nx orpannnennrm nanasonom ne mornn ynac+nona+r n .+om
nponecce, ko+oprn ocymec+nnnc c nomomrm mysrkanrnrx nnc+pymen+on. 3+o, nepo+no, n
nocnynno onon ns npnnnn pemn+enrnoro o++ecnenn nokanrnon mysrkn nnc+pymen+anrnon
n XVII neke. C .+oro npemenn mysrkanrnre nnc+pymen+r nn+encnnno conepmenc+nym+c n
moepnnsnpym+c, n nx .nonmnn c oco6on cnoc+rm nnnmc+pnpye+ qasr pacmnpenn
nrco+non +eppn+opnn n enponenckon mysrke.
<c+p. 309>



Hepeopnen+ann n pacmnpmmemc npoc+panc+ne c+ana knmnenrm qak+opom n
pasnn+nn enponenckon mysrkn. Hockonrky .+on +eme nocnmena cneymma rnana,
kocnycr ero secr kpa+ko.
Hoka o6rm mysrkanrnoro npoc+panc+na onpeennc nanasonom nenonenecknx
ronocon, komnosn+op, nenen, nnc+pymen+annc+ ne o+ennn ce6 o+ nero; nm ne
npnxonnocr yma+r o cnom mec+e n .+om npoc+panc+ne. n nenoneka cpennx nekon n
Peneccanca nc ono 6rno, no onpeenennm, uenoneuecknu npoc+panc+nom ero
qnsnneckoro n yxonnoro camonponnenn.
C nonopo+om o+ nokanrnon mysrkn k nnc+pymen+anrnon n nananom pacmnpenn
snykonoro npoc+panc+na cn+yann kapnnanrnrm o6pasom nsmennnacr. B snykonom none,
nrmemem sa npeenr, oc+ynnre ronocy, nonapnnncr nnc+pymen+r. Hcnonrsyemoe n
nospac+ammen c+enenn n onnca+enrnrx, nso6pasn+enrnrx, ekopa-
<c+p. 310>
+nnnrx nenx, ono o+ennocr o+ co6c+nenno cy6rek+a, npo+nnoc+ono emy kak o6pas
nnemnen peanrnoc+n mec+a enc+nn, a+mocqepr, .monnonanrnon o6c+anonkn. B .+nx
ycnonnx y cy6rek+a nonnnacr neo6xonmoc+r onpeenn+r cno mec+o n o6men kap+nne,
yc+anonn+r cnom nepcnek+nny n +onky na6nmenn, c ko+opon on mor 6r o6ospena+r nc
nponcxomee n orpomnom snykonom npoc+panc+ne. Pemenne .+on npo6nemr 6rno
kapnnanrnrm n ncec+oponnnm.
Hosnnn na6nma+en onpeennnacr cpasy n neckonrknx nnanax. Ona y+nepnnacr
y nen+pa nokanrnoro nanasona, ko+oprn, nnmnnmncr 6rnon ncknmnn+enrnoc+n, +em ne
menee oc+anc oco6on o6nac+rm nnc+o nenoneneckoro nrpaenn. Cepenna 1-n ok+anr
o6pasye+ e ropnson+ +onky pannonecn, o+npannon n konennrn nynk+ .kckypcon n
mysrkanrnom npoc+panc+ne.
B .+om nan6onee nac+o nocemaemom ome oco6enno +ecno rnes+c nanre
menonneckne nen; +enepr onn ne paccpeo+onnnam+c n nonnqonnneckon +kann, no
konnen+pnpym+c n onoronocnom nsnoennn, npno6pe+a snanenne o6pason, xapak+epon,
nepconaen nepenero nnana, nrc+ynammnx n okpyennn nonnnnnrx ronocon n
akkomnanemen+a.
Bny+pn pa .+oro menonneckoro npoc+panc+na +onnka c+ana nnanammen
+onkon cxoenn, rnannrm opnen+npom n oprannsa+opom nnenn n +onanrnom none. A
na 6onee nrcokom c+pyk+ypnom yponne rapmonnn +onnka c+ana nen+panrnon ocrm
npemennon nepcnek+nnr mysrkanrnoro pasnn+n.
Takono, n cymnoc+n, onncanne romoqonno rapmonnneckoro c+nn, nosnnkmero n
XVII neke no nasnannem c+nn akkomnannpyemon mononn, ko+opomy 6rno cyeno
nckope sa+mn+r, a no+om n nr+ecnn+r nonnqonnnecknn c+nnr.
:8E-*0230
Kak nsnec+no, sakonr n nopmr nens6eno napymam+c. Hx napymenn concem ne
o6sa+enrno ronop+ o snonamepennoc+n nnn ne6penoc+n. Peanrnre nnenn
ynnkanrnre n nenon+opnmre kon+ponnpym+c qak+opamn 6onee mnoronncnennrmn,
cnonrmn n nenpeckasyemrmn n, nem +e, n+o mory+ 6r+r yn+enr n a6c+pak+non nopme.
3kcnepnmen+anrnre nsmepenn ncera coepa+ c+a+nc+nneckne napnannn. O+knonenn o+
yc+anonnennon nopmr,
<c+p. 311>
nens6enre n nenoneneckom noneennn, nesamennmr n paronennr n nckycc+ne, re onn
nnymam+ nync+no cnon+annoc+n n cno6or, neo+ennmr o+ cmrcna n nrpasn+enrnoc+n,
am+ nrxo +nopnecknm nnc+nnk+am xyonnka.
O+knonenn o+ neko+oprx nopm +ononoro npoc+panc+na, +npo yc+anonnennrx n
sananon mysrke, o6napynnam+ onpeennnym nocneona+enrnoc+r n nornky. H+o6r
nrnn+r .+n o+knonenn n peanrnom mysrkanrnom noneennn, neo6xonmo paccmo+pe+r
ero kpynnrm nnanom.
Mysrkan+am nsnec+no, n+o o+nomenne +onon n nn+epnane cnrmn+c nym
pasnrmn cnoco6amn, noonepno nnn ononpemenno: akyc+nneckn n +onanrno. B nepnom
cnynae .+o o+nomenne onennnae+c +onrko konnnec+nenno kak nc+annn mey +onamn.
Bo n+opom cnynae nn+epnan mrcnenno nomemae+c n +o+ nnn nnon rnno+e+nnecknn
naonrn nnn naorapmonnnecknn kon+ekc+, n sanncnmoc+n o+ ko+oporo acnek+ nn+epnana
mene+c. Pacc+onne mey +onamn oc+ae+c +em e, no +enepr onn nocnpnnnmam+c ne
npoc+o kak orpannnn+enrnre +onkn, no kak nnnnnyanrnre nac+nnr, pasnnnammnec
maccon, sapom n nek+opom, cnsannre cnnamn npn+enn nnn o++anknnann,
sannmammne +o yc+onnnnoe, rocnoc+nymmee, +o nonnnnnoe, neyc+onnnnoe nonoenne.
Onn n +o+ e nn+epnan moe+ cnrma+rc n neckonrknx moanrnrx nnn +onanrnrx
nepcnek+nnax, c nepemenamn ko+oprx menm+c n ero no+ennnan, qynknn n cmrcn. Bo+,
nanpnmep, neko+opre nosmonre acnek+r nocnpn+n nocxomen knap+r:



Takonr nnmr neko+opre ns nosmonrx napnan+on +onanrnoro nc+onkonann n
omymenn onoro n +oro e nn+epnana. Pasnnnnr n nnx ne +onrko nec kaoro ns +onon
n c+enenn nx o+nocn+enrnon yc+onnnnoc+n, no n nx nek+opnre xapak+epnc+nkn
no+ennnanrna nnamnka n nepo+noc+n nx anrnenmero nnenn.
Pasymee+c, nce .+n cnonc+na n +enennnn ne sanoenr n camnx +onax: onn ne
o6naam+ cno6oon nonn n cnoco6noc+rm onpeen+r cno noneenne. nnamnneckne
no+ennnn npnnncrnae+ nm
<c+p. 312>
cnyx, nomemammnn nx n +o+ nnn nnon ycnoennrn nm naonrn, +onanrnrn nnn rapmonnnecknn
kon+ekc+. Hn+epnpe+ann nsonnponanno ns+oro nn+epnana rnno+e+nnna n cnsana c
makcnmanrnon neonpeenennoc+rm: nanpannenne, n ko+opom moe+ pasnepny+rc ero
ckpr+a nnamnka, sanncn+ o+ konkpe+noro mysrkanrnoro okpyenn. C yc+anonnennem
kon+ekc+a n cokpamennem neonpeennnoc+n pannomepna nrco+no-npemenna ce+ka
npeo6paae+c: +ona npno6pe+am+ sap .neprnn, nc+ynam+ no nsanmoenc+nn n
nepapxnneckon cnc+eme cononnnenn, renepnpy cnnonoe none, ko+opoe eqopmnpye+
nen+panrno onoponym me+pnky +ononoro npoc+panc+na.
Tona nponsno+c mysrkan+om, n .+o+ nponecc o+paae+ ero o+nomenne k nnm, ero
nonnmanne nx mec+a n annon cnc+eme n n konkpe+nom mysrkanrnom kon+ekc+e.
Besynpennoc+r nn+onannn n cnoco6noc+r me+ponomnneckn ponnon nrpr nenpemennre
ycnonn +exnnneckoro mac+epc+na mysrkan+a. Onako emonc+pann .+nx o6poe+enen na
.c+pae o6rnno nanon+ na mrcnr, n+o mysrkan+ ncnonne+ no+r, a ne mysrky, n+o on e
ne nync+nye+, n emy nenero ckasa+r.
Hnora 6ecc+pac+na mexannnecka +onnoc+r npenonarae+c samrcnom connnenn
nnn naponn+o ncnonrsye+c n nenx c+nnnsannn. Ho n n .+om cnynae mysrkan+ ne cnoco6en
coc+sa+rc n +onnoc+n c nrpammnmn mamnnamn o+ nnanon o komnrm+epon. eno
concem ne n ymep6noc+n nenoneneckon npnpor nnn n nnc+o c+a+nc+nneckon nens6enoc+n
o+knonennn o+ nopmr. Xopomne mysrkan+r nsnec+nr cnonmn nonrnoc+mn. H+o6r
noxny+r nsnr n ncnonnemym mysrky, onec+n o cnyma+en e nrpasn+enrnoc+r,
nny+pennmm oprannsannm n cmrcn, onn nsrn6am+, pac+rnnam+ n cnmam+ ce+ky nrco+ n
cn+nrx onen, cnc+ema+nneckn napyma +ma+enrno yc+anonnennre o+nomenn. H nmenno
.+n napymenn o+menam+ nx nn+epnpe+annn nena+rm nnnnnyanrnoc+n, npnam+ nm
opnrnnanrnoc+r n y6en+enrnoc+r, nrnnm+ onep+ann, ysnr n pasprnr cnnonoro non, n
ko+opom pasnp+rnae+c annoe mysrkanrnoe nponsneenne.
3kcnepnmen+anrnoe nsynenne cnonc+n cnnonoro non naonrx n +onanrno-
rapmonnnecknx +ro+ennnsaana npesnrnannon cnonoc+n. dak+opr, onpeenmmne .+n
cnonc+na, cnnmkom mnoronncnennr n nsmennnnr, a pesynr+a+r nsmepennn ne mory+
oc+nrny+r maccr n onoponoc+n, onyckammnx c+a+nc+nnecknn noxo. dnsnnecknn
npnnnnn neonpeennnoc+n, ncknmnammnn nonynenne nonnon nnqopmannn o cnonc+nax
.nemen+apnrx nac+nn, npnnonm +ake k cnonc+nam n +paek+opnm +onon n none +ro+ennn.
Heko+opoe npec+annenne o cnnax, enc+nymmnx n .+om rpann+annonnom none, am+
pesynr+a+r nccneonann, nponennoro n akyc+nneckon na6opa+opnn Mockonckon
koncepna+opnn n 1964 roy. [20] B kanec+ne o6rek+a 6rnn ns6panr ncnonnenn Ckpnnnnnoro
konnep+a Menenrcona Onc+paxom, Kpencnepom n Cnre+n. B pe o+o6pannrx o+prnkon
onpeennacr +onna nrco+a kaoro +ona menonn n c+enenr e o+knonenn n nen+ax o+
c+anap+non nrco+r +emnepnponannoro c+po. Honynennre nnqpr cno nokasrnam+, n+o y
.+nx kpynnrx mysrkan+on nn+onann ne +onrko ne o+nnnae+c nypn+anckon nnc+o+on, no n
nonepena na nepnrn nsrn nponsnonrnrm kone6annm: enc+nn+enrna mnpnna nn+epnanon
mey +emn e +onamn menonn mene+c npn kaom nonom e nonnennn.



(O+knonenn o+ nopmnponannon nrco+r ykasanr na no+non c+pokon, a o+c+ynnenn o+ c+anap+non mnpnnr
nn+epnanon no nen).
<c+p. 314>
Bnnma+enrnee npncma+pnnacr k .+nm nnqpam, mono same+n+r, n+o o+knonenn
oco6enno kone6ann mnpnnr nn+epnanon ne nnmenr onpeennnon nornkn, nan6onee
narnno nrc+ynammen n coo+nomennx menonneckn cnsannrx, no ne o6sa+enrno cmenrx
+onon. Tak, n nepnom npnmepe /- (VI) paspemae+c n 43 (V) xoom, nanomnnammnm
kam6na+y, npnnm mana cekyna mey nnmn cyae+c na 20-41%. Bonee cnonym, no n
6onee nonnym kap+nny pncye+ n+opon npnmep, re nn+epnanr ceknennnn (nncxomne
ymenrmennre knap+a n knnn+a) cyenr, n nce +pxno+nre mo+nnr kak 6r cnopannnam+c
nokpyr cnonx mec+nrx nen+pon yc+onnnnoc+n snykon +onnneckoro +pesnynn.
3+n snykn cnonno cosam+ nokanrnre non, nsrn6a npoc+panc+no n cnonx
okpec+noc+x, npn+rnna k ce6e 6nnanmne, oco6enno xpoma+nneckn anr+epnponannre,
+ona. Tak nrcne+c, n+o non+n +onanrnoro nen+pa, yc+onnnnoc+n n neyc+onnnnoc+n,
+ro+enn n paspemenn .+o ne +eope+nneckne a6c+paknnn n ne a6eppannn cy6rek+nnnoro
nocnpn+n, no peanrnre qenomenr. Kak nn manr n +pyno ynonnmr kone6ann nn+onannn n
c+po, onn necrma cymec+nennr. Bnaroap nm, nemre mp+nre no+r npenpamam+c n nnym
mysrky n ocmrcnennrn n nrpasn+enrnrn oprannsm, n nnnnnyanrnoe pasnnnammeec
xyoec+nennoe nenoe.
Hn+onannonnre o+knonenn ne orpannnnnam+c macm+a6om o+enrnrx snykon. B
o6onx npnneennrx o+prnkax non+n nce +ona, nknmna camn +onnkn, sanrmenr n nepnom
npnmepe, n cpenem, na 17, 21 n 9 nen+on, a no n+opom na 19, 14, 2 n 19 nen+on. 3+o
ronopn+ o +om, n+o ne +onrko nnnnnyanrnre +ona, no n nenre ceknnn mory+ o+knon+rc
o+ nopma+nnnoro c+po cnnamn, ko+opre, onennno, o6naam+ 6onrmnm anrnoenc+nnem.
An+opr nn+npyemoro nccneonann o6rcnm+ kone6ann nrco+r nn+onannn n
c+po +pem qak+opamn. Onn ns nnx cnsan c moynnnmn, npn ko+oprx nonnnnna
c+ynenr, c+anoncr +onnkon, coxpane+ cnon npennn nn+onannonnrn yponenr n +em camrm
onpeene+ nn+onannonnrn yponenr nonoro pasena. Tak, npn moynnnn ns e-moll n D-dur
yponenr cnnae+c na 10-20 nen+on n cnny +oro, n+o "0, 6yynn n >3->32-.0 na+ypanrnon
VII c+ynenrm, cknonno nn+onnpona+rc nne c+anap+non nrco+r. Cnnr +ro+enn
ynpannm+ n o+nomennmn mey +onnkamn.
Hnanammnn yponenr nn+onannn, amnnn+ya n nanpannennoc+r o+knonennn
okasrnam+c cnsannrmn +ake c +ema+nneckon n pama+yprnneckon c+pyk+ypon connnennn.
Honna nnn nonrma c+pon, pacmnp nnn cnma nn+epnanr, ncnonnn+enr ycnnnnae+
<c+p. 315>
.kcnpeccnm pama+nneckn nanpnnrx nnn cympannrx .nnsoon, nonepknna nx kon+pac+
c .nnsoamn noko n npocne+nnnoc+n.
Becr nannnae+ enc+nona+r +pe+nn qak+op +nopnecka nnnnnyanrnoc+r
ncnonnn+en, ero konnennn nponsneenn. B kaom ns +px nrammnxc ncnonnennn
konnep+a Menenrcona o6napynnae+c cnennqnnecka cnc+ema o+knonennn, ko+opa moe+
ckasa+r koe-n+o o c+pa+ernneckom nnane mysrkan+a, nonnmannn nrpasn+enrnrx
nosmonoc+en mysrkn n nnamnkn e qopmr.

Ckyoc+r n nenanoc+r annrx ncknmnae+ kakne-nn6o o6o6menn
o+nocn+enrno onep+annn n cnonc+n rpann+annonnoro non konnep+a Menenrcona. Ha
ocnone .+nx annrx mono noc+pon+r nnmr npnmepnym moenr, ne npe+enymmym
na oc+onepnoc+r, cxema+nnnym kap+y, ammym nekoe nenoc+noe npec+annenne
o nsanmoo+nomennx n no+ennnanrnon nnamnke +onon n none +ro+ennn. Yo6nee
ncero .+o cena+r n qopme kpyronon narpammr, npec+annmmen samkny+rn
ok+annrn snykop, n ko+opon pannomepno pasmemennre panycr coo+ne+c+nym+ 12
+onam +emnepnponannon xpoma+nneckon rammr. Honoenne kaoro +ona mey
okpynoc+rm n nen+pom onpeene+c mepon ero nec+a6nnrnoc+n, .nepre+nnecknm
sapom: nen+p okpynoc+n cneye+ paccma+pnna+r kak no noponkn, +onky noko
n pannonecnmec+o +onnkn, a okpynoc+rkak e kpan, mec+o makcnmanrnon
neyc+onnnnoc+n, re +on ncnr+rnae+ nan6onee cnnrnoe +ro+enne k +onnke nnn k
6nnanmemy o+nocn+enrno yc+onnnnomy snyky. Cnnomnre panycr coo+ne+c+nym+
+onam, npec+annennrm n o6cyaemrx npnmepax. Hynk+npnrmn panycamn
o+menenr nx nn+onannonnre o+knonenn o+ nopmr.


<c+p. 316>
* * *
Fnno+e+nneckoe none +onanrnrx +ro+ennn kak nenoe cymec+nye+ nnmr n qopme
a6c+pak+non pekonc+pyknnn. Hpak+nneckn e mr moem na6nma+r nnmr pasnp+rnanne
ero no npemenn, n xoe ko+oporo noc+enenno nrpnconrnam+c ero o+enrnre ynac+kn n
o6mne onep+ann. O6naammee co6c+nennon nnamnkon, rpann+annonnoe none nmec+e c +em
+pancqopmnpye+c n nponecce pasnn+n mysrkn: npem nrc+ynae+ kak ono ns ero
nsmepennn.
Hpn ncen neconsmepnmoc+n nrco+noro (nep+nkanrnoro) n npemennoro
(ropnson+anrnoro) nsmepennn mysrkn, nm cnonc+nennr neko+opre o6mne nep+r. Hx npeenr
onpeenm+c nosmonoc+mn nenoneneckoro nocnpn+n nanasonamn oc+ynnrx
nenoneky nac+o+ snykonrx kone6annn n mysrkanrnoro nynrca. Bny+pn o6onx cymec+nye+
neka nen+panrna o6nac+r, omymaema kak nopmanrna, ec+ec+nenna, no o+nomennm k
ko+opon onennnam+c o+knonenn. B nrco+nom nsmepennn .+o o6nac+r nenanpnnoro
nenn, no npemennom nac+o+a cnokonnoro mara nnn 6nenn cepna, panna npnmepno 78-80
yapam n mnny+y. O6a nsmepenn n sananon mysrke pannomepno ynoponenr nony+onom
n yapom me+ponoma. H nmec+e onn o6pasym+ c+knn kopce+, ko+oprn mysrka, n cnom
c+pemnennn o6pec+n nsnr, cmrcn n nrpasn+enrnoc+r, pacma+rnae+ n eqopmnpye+.
B o+nnnne o+ mkanr nrco+, nano saqnkcnponannon n camon konc+pyknnn
knannmnrx nnc+pymen+on, npemenna mkana yckonrsae+ o+ +onnoro kon+pon. Bepna
nn+onann nk+ye+c mysrkan+y o6menpnn+on nopmon, +ora kak n o6nac+n pn+ma n +emna
on nonynae+ nnmr o6mne ykasann n nrnyen npnnnma+r camoc+o+enrnre pemenn.
Hrpa no me+ponom .+o+ o6rek+nnnrn c+anap+ mysrkanrnoro npemenn,
mynn+enrna ae n nnc+o +exnnnecknx ynpanennx, neconmec+nma c ocmrcnennrm
ncnonnennem n nensmenno emonc+pnpye+ nenosmonoc+r n mysrkan+a c+a+r mamnnon.
3+o mexannneckoe yc+ponc+no necomnenno nonesno npn qopmnponannn nanoro n
mysrkan+a c+epeo+nna pannomepnoro nynrca ce+kn onepannonnoro npemenn n ycnonno
nonesno npn yc+anonnennn o6mero +emna coo+ne+c+nenno me+ponomnnecknm ykasannm n
no+nom +ekc+e.
Temnr n xyoec+nennom ncnonnennn onpeenm+c n nepnym oneper
nnnnnyanrnoc+rm mysrkan+a n ero ncnonnn+enrckon konnennnen annoro connnenn.
Onako onn sannc+ +ake o+ mno-
<c+p. 317>
ec+na ononnn+enrnrx +pyno ynonnmrx o6c+o+enrc+n o+ o6mero +onyca nsnn,
ko+oprn pasnnnen n c+onnne n nponnnnnanrnom ropoe n necrma necxo n pasnnnnrx
c+panax n kynr+ypax, o+ akyc+nkn sana, nncnennoc+n, coc+ana n nac+poenn cnyma+enrckon
ayn+opnn, o+ noror, npemenn cy+ok, mecna n +.n. He ynnn+enrno, n+o nn+enrnoc+r
connnenn n pasnrx ncnonnennx naprnpye+c n nopasn+enrno mnpoknx npeenax.
C+pannncknn nncan o6 .+om:

Ecnn ckopoc+n no ncm na cne+e n n nac camnx nsmennnncr, name omymenne +emna
ne moe+ oc+ana+rc npennm. Ykasann me+ponoma, npoc+annennre copok ne+ +omy
nasa, 6rnn conpemennrmn copok ne+ +omy nasa. Ha +emn nnne+ ne +onrko npem,
no n ycnonn ncnonnenn, no ko+oprm karn pas c+pon+c nonoe ypannenne. B 6rn
6r ynnnen, ecnn 6r xo+r ona ns monx sanncen cneonana npoc+annennrm
me+ponomnnecknm ykasannm. [21]

Be+xonen, .+o+ noc+opennrn noknonnnk nso6pe+enn Menrnen, nrnyennrn
nepecmo+pe+r cnon co6c+nennre me+ponomnneckne ykasann, rnenno nocknnknyn: Hnkakoro
me+ponoma! Tomy, y koro ec+r nepnoe omymenne mysrkn, on ne nyen; +omy, y koro ero ne+,
me+ponom ne nomoe+. [22]
Temnr n nx monqnkannn, oco6enno +e, n+o nonaam+ no ka+eropnm tempo rubato,
cnnrno sannc+ o+ nkyca n npnxo+n ncnonnn+en. Hepeko +emnonre o+knonenn 6rnam+
naponnrro npeynennnennrmn, no, onpeen nx +aknm o6pasom, mr nonepraem comnennm ne
nx onpanannoc+r, no nync+no mepr ncnonnn+en. Onennno, sa .kc+panaran+noc+mn n
.kcneccamn ckprnam+c neperynpnoc+n +emna, neo6xonmo npenonaraemre cnn+akcncom
mysrkanrnoro +ekc+a, ero rpamma+nneckn npannnrnon, ocmrcnennon ap+nkynnnen. Taknm
o6pasom, penr moe+ n+n o mnkpockonnnecknx o+knonennx o+ pannomepnoro nynrca
o+knonennx +oro e macm+a6a, n+o n paccmo+pennre panee napnannn nn+onannn n c+po.
B panee nn+nponanmenc c+a+re npnno+c pesynr+a+r nsmepennn +emnonrx
kone6annn n ncnonnennx nrecr Eymana Fpsr nnononnennc+amn Kasanrcom n
denepmanom n ckpnnanom Knmem. Ha ocnone +onnon xponome+pnneckon nn+enrnoc+n
kaon no+r +emn onpeennc nncnom ne+nep+nrx onen n mnny+y, n .+n nnqpr
nanocnnncr na rpaqnk. Conoc+annenne +px rpaqnkon ne +onrko ronopn+ o mnpo+e
nnnnnyanrnrx +emnonrx napnannn, no n o6napynnae+ npnmena+enrnym o6mnoc+r. (B
nnnen nac+n cnonoro rpaqnka ana ycpennna kap+nna +emnon no 2-m n 3-m
nocrmn+ak+ax nrecr.)
<c+p. 318>



<c+p. 319>
B +ekc+e ec+r ncero na ritardandi n konne kaoro 8-+ak+a, ko+opre
o+n+nnno o+paenr no ncex +pex ncnonnennx. Onako, na .+om kopo+kom ny+n
nponcxon+ ropaso 6onrme co6r+nn. Cy no nn+enrnoc+m o+enrnrx no+, nena
ne+nep+non no+r kone6ne+c mey 71 n 17 M.M. H ae ycpennnrn rpaqnk nokasrnae+
nykpa+nre nsmenenn +emna n npeenax o+ 24 o 50 M.M. B +o e npem n nx
nonnoo6pasnom pncynke o6napynnae+c ennrn +pxqasnrn nopok, o+n+nnno
na6nmaemrn no ncex 4-+ak-+ax. Karn ns nnx nannnae+c 6rc+prm yckopennem o+
ynnnnnoro sa+ak+a k cnnrnon one (a); menonnecka kynrmnnann conponoae+c
cnnennem n o+nocn+enrnon c+a6nnnsannen +emna (B): n konnonkax qpas nepe nesypamn
+emn samene+c n pesko naae+ n konne 8-+ak+onrx npenoennn (c).
B cymec+nonannn nnnapnan+a qpasonon arornkn ne+ nnnero neonannoro: 6es .+oro
+pnnnanrnoro npnma ne o6xo+c nn nennkne, nn npoc+o rpamo+nre mysrkan+r. Bano
non+r pyroe: nem nk+ye+c .+o+ ma6non? nonemy c+pemnenne npna+r menonn
ec+ec+nennoc+r n y6en+enrnoc+r nensmenno npnnon+ k nemy? kakonr cnnr,
npoknarnammne n menonneckon qpasr c+onr nsnnnnc+oe pycno, n ko+opom ona +en+
cno6ono n nenpnnynno, nan6onee nonno nrnn cnom nny+pennmm nnac+nky n
nrpasn+enrnoc+r? renepnpym+c nn .+n cnnr camon menonen nnn nosenc+nym+ na ne
nsnne?
Onncrna pncynok menonn, mysrkan+r ronop+, n+o ona nonnmae+c, oc+nrae+
kynrmnnannn nnn kynrmnnannonnoro nna+o n cnona cnyckae+c. Hasna+r .+n onpeenenn
me+aqopnnecknmn 6rno 6r nenepno: onn o+paam+ peanrno nepennaemrn onr+ nnenn
n nrco+nom npoc+panc+ne n cnsannrx c nnm ycnnnn. Bocnponsno menonm ronocom,
nanena e npo ce6 nnn npoc+o cnymane kak na6op +onon, a kak ennrn o6pas, mr
nnemc n nep+nkanrnom npoc+panc+ne: kapa6kaemc nnepx, ycnnnem oc+nraem nepmnnr,
a sa+em ckonrsnm no cknony nnns. Bs6npacr na peanrnrn xonm, mr mrmennrmn ycnnnmn
npeoonenaem cnny +ec+n. Bs6npacr na xonm menonn, ronoconre cnskn nponsno+
ananornnnym pa6o+y n oc+annm+ nam ananornnnoe omymenne; semnoe npn+enne secr
ne enc+nye+, no nync+no npeoonenn cnnr +ec+n oc+a+c.
3+o+ cyppora+ seunoro npnvnwennn ona ns cnn, ko+opre renepnpym+ cnnonoe
none menonneckoro nnenn, onpeen sanncnmoc+r mey ero nanpannennem n ckopoc+rm
n +em camrm eqopmnpy pannomepnym npemennym ce+ky. E enc+nne nomorae+
<c+p. 320>
non+r neko+opoe samenenne n c+a6nnnsannm +emna n kynrmnnannonnon qase momen+
o+rxa nocne norma, pannonecn cnn, nanpannennrx nnns, nonr o6onx cknonon. Ho +akoe
o6rcnenne ne nomorae+ non+r yckopenne npn norme k kynrmnnannn n onrnn menennrn
cnyck c ne.
Becr ne cneye+ sa6rna+r, n+o menon nne+c +ake n cnnonom none
+onanrnoc+n, npoxo nepes o6nac+n 6onrmen nnn menrmen yc+onnnnoc+n n +ro+e k
nen+panrnrm +onkam npn+enn. 3+o none, renepnpyemoe camon menonen, nannnae+
onpeen+r e anrnenmee noneenne. Tonannan rpannvannn momnoe npn+enne
+onnkn, npeoonenammee conpo+nnnenne cnnr +ec+n, o6rcne+ yckopenne n nanane
ncex ne+rpx qpas.
Bamenenne k konny qpas nnn npenoenn nepe nesypon nnn k konny connnenn
n nrpasn+enrnom nnane nnymae+ npec+annenne o6 yc+anon paspke nocne nanpenn,
npenkymennn 6nnskoro o+rxa. H cnona nosnnkae+ nonpoc: nem o6rcne+c neo6xonmoc+r
.+oro c+peo+nnnoro npnma, nonemy on ncera kae+c oprannnnrm, ec+ec+nennrm, cnonno
sanoennrm n camon npnpoe menonn?
Hesypa .+o ne +onrko nrpasn+enrna e+anr. Hoo6no san+on nnn +onke, ona
pacnnene+ +enenne mysrkn, cnrnannsnpye+ o sanepmennn, ncnepnannoc+n noc+poenn n
o+ene+ ero o+ cneymmero. Ona npnae+ qpase nnn nepnoy sanepmnnoc+r, sakpyrne+
nx. Hesypa ne n+oprae+c n +enenne menonn, no oprannneckn nr+ekae+ ns ne, nnoc
saknmnn+enrnrn m+pnx no nny+pennnn nopok noc+poenn. O6pamnnnoe nesypamn, ono
cnp+rnae+c nokpyr cnoero cmrcnonoro n c+pyk+ypnoro pa.
Tekvonnueckoe vnrovenne +pe+nn qak+op, nnnmmnn na noneenne menonn no
npemenn. Ono ynac+nye+ n nananrnom yckopennn k npenkymaemomy nen+py n ennc+nennoe
cnoco6no o6rcnn+r samenenne +emna k konnam qpas. Ero +opmosmee enc+nne cnsano c
npn+ennem +ek+onnneckoro pa, ko+opoe cnonno neoxo+no o+nyckae+ o+ ce6
yanmmymc menonm, npo+nnoenc+ny e ec+ec+nennomy nnennm nnns. Ho mepe
yanenn o+ +ek+onnneckoro pa, rpann+annonna macca, oc+annema menonen nosan,
pac++, n nnenne coo+ne+c+nenno samene+c.
Cnnonoe none, cosanaemoe .+nmn +pem qak+opamn, enc+nye+ ye na yponne
+pxno+non moenn mo+nna, mnkpockonnneckoe npoc+panc+no ko+oporo eqopmnpye+c
nrco+nrmn n npemennrmn o+knonennmn k nen+py makcnmanrno yc+onnnnomy +ony na
cnnrnon one. Tnnnsnponannoe noneenne +akoro mo+nna n kom6n-
<c+p. 321>
nnponannom cnnonom none knasnsemnoro npn+enn, +onanrnoro n +ek+onnneckoro
+ro+ennn mono npec+ann+r cneymmen cxemon.



B nm6om nponsneennn, ae ecnn ono nacnn+rnae+ ncero neckonrko +ak+on,
nepecekam+c n nsanmoenc+nym+ cnnonre non pasnrx macm+a6on, nen+pr ko+oprx
+onanrnre n +ek+onnneckne npnnanea+ cnonon nepapxnneckon c+pyk+ype. Mo+nnr,
qpasr, npenoenn ne npoc+o nrc+pannam+c n nenr. Ha kaom c+pyk+ypnom yponne
onn +epm+ pannonpanne, o6pasym+ nenoc+noc+r cneymmero macm+a6a co cnonm nen+pom
+ro+ennn. Ho mepe pasnp+rnann mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr nepapxn pac++, noka ne
oc+nrae+ yponn nenoro nponsneenn, nen+p ko+oporo cosae+ none +ro+ennn,
oxna+rnammee nce nneneamne yponnn.
Ona ns nanrx n +pynrx saan ncnonnn+en peannsona+r apxn+ek+onnnecknn
nnan komnosn+opa, nrnn+r nnamnky nsanmoenc+nnn n pannonecn manrx n 6onrmnx
.nemen+on mysrkanrnon c+pyk+ypr. Hpnmena+enrno, n+o o6rnnym npnnnny neononrc+na
neko+oprmn cnonmn nnannc+nnecknmn n npnpcknmn nrc+ynnennmn Paxmannnon
onpeenn cnonamn: kynrmnnann cnonsna.
Anann+nk, nsynammnn qopmy mysrkanrnoro connnenn, nnpane nocnn+rna+r onn
n +ak+r, oc+anacr n nrm+ononom a6conm+nom pannomepno pacnncnennom npemenn,
6espasnnnnom k co6r+nm, ko+opre mory+ pasnepny+rc n nm. K coanennm, nepeko +ak
e o+noc+c k mysrke n ncnonnn+enn, nnmne cnom o6sannoc+r n nynk+yanrnom
nocnponsneennn nn+enrnoc+en n +emnon, ykasannrx n no+nom +ekc+e. Onn ncnonnm+ ne
mysrky, a no+r.
Ho mysrka kak nnon pasnnnammnnc oprannsm, kak npoyk+ +nopneckoro
noneenn nrpaenn, nocnpn+n n nepennann, npeo6paae+ cno nsnennoe
npoc+panc+no, npeoonena ero
<c+p. 322>
nopma+nnnym nen+panrnoc+r. Okpynna nonem +ro+ennn, ncxomnx o+ mnoec+na
+onanrnrx n +ek+onnnecknx nen+pon, ona nne+c c nepemennon ckopoc+rm
nonnoo6pasno, npnnnnamn n o+nnnamn, cney onep+annm .+oro non. Ero kpnnnsna,
pasprnr n napymenn pannomepnoc+n ne pesynr+a+ omn6ok nnn a6eppannn ncnonnn+en,
no ckpr+a n camon mysrke no+ennnanrna neo6xonmoc+r.
Heneomo n mysrkan+on, mysrka ncera nna ocmrcnennon nsnrm ne n
nenonnnom nrm+ononom ynnnepcyme, a n pen+nnnc+ckom npemenn-npoc+panc+ne
3nnm+enna, n nnamnke nsanmoenc+nymmnx macc, rpann+annonnrx nonen, o+nocn+enrnrx
nnennn, npemen n nc+annnn.

<c+p. 323>
!"%I#VNW%M
1 John Blacking. How Musical is Man? University of Washington Press (Seattle and
London, 1974), pp.10.25
2 Tam e, c. 27
3 Gregory Bateson. Steps to An Ecology of Mind. Ballantine Books (New York,
1972), pp.273-276
4 John Blacking. How Musical is Man?, nn+. ns., c.7
5 Carl Emil Seashore. The Psychology of Musical Talent. Silver, Burdett and
Compaby (Boston, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, 1919), p30
6 Allan P. Merriam. The Anthropology of Music. The North-Western University Press,
1964, pp.96-97
7 Tam e, c. 101
8 Tam e, c. 119
9 Cymec+nye+ nn+nmna cnsr mey nos6yennem cnyxonoro nepna n
nnnepnannen opranon nokannsannn... Ecnn y annoro ncnr+yemoro ne cnonnacr
qynknnonanrna cnc+ema, xapak+epnsymmac ynac+nem nokanrnon mo+opnkn, +o snykonre
komnonen+r co6c+nenno no nrco+e nm ne nqqepennnpym+c. 3+o+ neckonrko napaokcanrno
nrrnmnn qak+ +em ne menee moe+ cnn+a+rc nnonne yc+anonnennrm. A. heon+ren, O
connanrnon npnpoe ncnxnkn nenoneka, ypnan Bonpocr qnnocoqnn, 1961, N1, c. 35
10 Curt Sachs. The Commonwealth of Art. W. W. Norton and Co, Inc. (New York,
1946), pp.201-202
11 Allan P. Merriam. The Anthropology of Music, nn+. ns., c.95. Hpnneenna nn+a+a
ns c+a+rn: Edmonds, E. M., and M. E. Smith The Phenomenological Description of Musical
Intervals," American Journal of Psychology 34
(1923), C.290
12 Hropr C+pannncknn. nanorn, h., Mysrka, 1971, c. 226
<c+p. 324>
13 Hn+. no: Hermann L. F. Helmholtz, On the Sensation of Tone, Longmans, Green,
and Company (London-NewYork, 1895), p.251
14 Tam e, c. 370
15 Tennon, B. M. Hcnxonorn mysrkanrnrx cnoco6noc+en, M.-h., 1947, cc. 273.
277-278
16 Arnold Bake, The Music of India", The New Oxford History of Music, vol. I,
cc.211
17 Tam e, cc. 205-206. Hc+onnnkn, ynomnnaemre n c+a+re:
a
Sir William Jones, "On the musical modes of the Hindus", Asiatic Researches, iii
(1792), p.55
6
Bosanquet, "On the Hindu division of the octave", Proceedings of the Royal
Society, xxvi (1877)
n
Rao Sahib P. R. Bandarkar, Indian Antiquity, 1912 r
r
Tam e, c. 112

A B. Breloer, "Grundelemente der altindischen Musik" (Bonn, 1922)

e
A. Danielou, Introduction to the Study of Musical Scales (London, 1943)
18 Curt Sachs. Rhythm and Tempo. NewYork, 1953, pp.35-36
19 Sir Isaac Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and His System
of the World (University of California Press, 1947), pp. 6,8. Hn+npye+c no c+a+re: A. Cornelius
Benjamin, "Ideas of Time in the History of Philosophy", The Voices of Time, J. T. Fraser (pe.),
George Braziller (New York, 1966), p.18
20 O. Caxan+yena. Hn+onannonnrn ananns ncnonnenn nepnon nac+n konnep+a n
ckpnnkn c opkec+pom Menenrcona. C6. Hpnmenenne akyc+nnecknx me+oon nccneonann n
mysrkosnannn, M. 1964.
21 Hropr C+pannncknn. nanorn, nn+. ns., c.294
22 Hn+. no kn.: Frederick Dorian. The History of Music in Performance. W. W. Norton
and Company, Inc. (New York, 1966), c.200
23 O. Caxan+yena, E. Hasanknncknn. O nsanmocnsx nrpasn+enrnrx cpec+n n
mysrkanrnom ncnonnennn. C6. Mysrkanrnoe nckycc+no n nayka, nrn.1. M., 1970
<c+p. 325>
65+,+ 40/J>+8. <(IISW%<N\%M
(/2+1/= >+4*0. <JYE02 ,=7+5=,+5
4-.28A3. <B4-A A3.73F+ B7+5 2+ C+>CBA,
3 C+>CBA -*-@,+548. ) Z*-* >3E
<JYE02 347=*+5 7.-4,0*50230> 4A+@+5:
"(/32 B/+. 3 ,40, F*- 8 @2+5, @+C=*-;
C-5JP0 >20 20F0E- B@2+,+*J... )3/0230 3
@,BA @+4*+,353 >028 @+C=*J -
7.3,=F2->".
sen koan Bnyk
IB@=A+ 3 8@=A
Hepeko mr cnrmnm: mysrka o+kprnae+ nepe nenonekom nonrn mnp,
komnosn+op nnon+ cnyma+en n cnon mnp. n Manepa cosa+r nonym cnmqonnm snannno
ncemn cpec+namn mysrkanrnon +exnnkn noc+pon+r oco6rn mnp. He+ nn penr o konkpe+nom
connnennn, +nopnec+ne o+enrnoro komnosn+opa nnn kpynnom nc+opnneckom c+nne,
cnyma+enr conpnkacae+c c nekon nonon peanrnoc+rm, n ko+opon on nepnae+ onr+,
neoc+nnmrn n ero o6rennom cymec+nonannn.
Tak eno o6c+on+ ne +onrko c mysrkon. Hennoc+r oc+annemoro nckycc+nom
onr+a onpeene+c ne ero nonnsnon camon no ce6e, no +em, n kakon mepe ono nrnne+
ckpr+re yponnn n nnanr nny+pennen nsnn cnyma+en, spn+en, nn+a+en n n sanncnmoc+n
o+ .+oro qopmnpye+ ero nny+pennmm nn+ennek+yanrnym, .monnonanrnym, nync+nennym n
yxonnym cpey.
<c+p. 326>
B .+y nonym, xyoec+nennym peanrnoc+r, kak onpeenm+ e .c+e+nkn, no
nny+pennmm cpey, cosanaemym snynannmn, nnnnmn, nne+om, qopmamn n nnennem,
nenrs nponnkny+r nnkaknm nnrm cnoco6om. H+o6r npn6nnsn+rc k nonnmannm e
.konornneckon npnpor, neo6xonmo npee ncero cnec+n ma+kne moc+kn nonepxnoc+nrx
paccyennn o coepannn mysrkn.
Baana .+a ne ns nrknx. B sananon .c+e+nke n mysrkosnannn rny6oko ykopennnocr
nonnmanne mysrkn kak coo6menn, komnosn+opckoro nocnann, nepenocnnka nen, o6pason,
nync+n, nen. B +akom npec+annennn mysrka nnncrnae+c n o6mym konnennnm nckycc+na
kak na6opa cnennqnnnrx kananon kommynnkannn, npec+annemrx kak srkonoo6nre
cnc+emr, onnpammnxc na qynamen+ ec+ec+nennoro srka. Bonee +oro, nomemenne mysrkn
n .+y cnc+emy xopomo cornacye+c c akcnoma+nnecknmn n sananon kynr+ypr n naykn
nemn o paso6mnnoc+n n onnosnnnn cy6rek+a n o6rek+a, cnoco6nrx nc+yna+r n kon+ak+
+onrko nocpec+nom o6mena coo6mennmn.
O npak+nneckon necoc+o+enrnoc+n ynoo6nenn mysrkn srky ynomnnanocr n
nepnon rnane. Tem ne menee n 60-x roax .+o+ noxo namn morymec+nennoro nokponn+en n
nnne cemno+nkn, ko+opym e c+oponnnkn npec+annnn ynnnepcanrnrm knmnom ko ncem
nnam n +nnam kommynnkannn. Ynncon Kykep nannnae+ cnom knnry Mysrka n cmrcn c
kpa+koro onncann cemno+nneckoro noxoa:

Cemno+nka nanmenonanne naynnoro nccneonann o6men +eopnn snakon. Ona
oxna+rnae+ snakn nm6on mrcnnmon npnpor snakn, ynac+nymmne kak n
nnnnnyanrnon n o6mec+nennon nsnn nmen n nno+nrx, +ak n n srkonom n
osrkonom noneennn n no ncex ero ncnxonornnecknx n qnsnonornnecknx
nponnennx. Cemno+nka kak o6ma +eopn snakon cnyn+ ocnonon nm6oro
nccneonann +oro, n+o mr nasrnaem cmrcnom, noxonm nn mr k nemy c +onkn
spenn +eopnn nnqopmannn, ncnxonnnrnnc+nkn, me+annnrnnc+nkn nnn, kak n namem
cnynae, c +onkn spenn nckycc+n n, n nac+noc+n, mysrkn. [1]

Y cosa+enen cemno+nkn 6rno oc+a+onno ocnonannn cnn+a+r srk nananom n 6ason
nm6rx qopm o6menn n kommynnkannn. B kynr+ype, nrpocmen na Bn6nnn, .+o 6onee, nem
ec+ec+nenno. Cnono, c+anmee nno+rm, o ko+opom ronopn+c n Enanrennn o+ Hoanna, non+n
nym +rcnene+nmn panee y+nepnno nsnananrnoc+r srka. Em 6onee pannee
cnne+enrc+no coepn+c n pacckase C+aporo Bane+a o +om, kak Bor an Moncem na rope
Cnnan ckpnann o+kponenn, ckpnann kamennre, na ko+oprx nanncano 6rno nepc+om
Bonnm (Hcx. 31:18).
<c+p. 327>
Tpyno noo6pasn+r 6onee neckoe okasa+enrc+no nepnnnnoc+n srka kak cpec+na
kommynnkannn (no nckom cnynae, n sananon, nyeo-xpnc+nanckon kynr+ype). Hpana, secr
cpasy e nosnnkam+ neko+opre nonpocr o coo+nomennn nncrmennoro srka n yc+non penn.
Ho nonoy ne+xosane+noro pacckasa o aponannn Bakona napoy Hspann H nspek Bor...
nce cnona cnn, ronop... (Hcx. 20:1) Fepmom Eonem saa+c nonpocom:

Kora e+n Hspann nonynann ec+r Banoneen, n+o mornn onn n
enc+nn+enrnoc+n cnrma+r n n+o onn cnrmann?.. Moncen onn 6rn cnoco6en
yc+o+r nepe 6oec+nennrm ronocom, n on non+opnn nenonenecknm ronocom ero
nonenenn... Hspannr+ne ycnrmann +onrko +50Q, ko+oprm nannnae+c nnpn+cknn
+ekc+ ec+n Banoneen, +50Q cnona anoxn, +o ec+r, B. 3+o o6c+o+enrc+no
kae+c mne n nrcmen c+enenn npnmena+enrnrm, no+omy n+o n nnpn+e cornacna
+50Q npec+anne+ co6on ncero nnmr nonoenne ronoconrx cnsok nepe
nponsnecennem cnona, nannnammeroc c rnacnon. Mono ckasa+r no.+omy, n+o .+o+
+50Q o6osnanae+ nc+onnnk ncex ap+nkynnponannrx snykon, n ne cnynanno
ka66annc+r ncera nnenn n nm yxonnrn kopenr ncex nponnx 6ykn, oxna+rnammnn
n cnoen cymnoc+n necr anqann+ n, +em camrm, nce .nemen+r nenonenecknx
npec+annennn n onncannn mnpa. [2]

3+o paccyenne nanon+ na mrcnr o +om, n+o cpec+nom nepnnnnon n nan6onee
npmon kommynnkannn 6rnn ne snakn na kamne n ne cnona yc+non penn, a snyk. To, n+o nam
nsnec+no ns qnnocoqnn n mnqonornn pennero Boc+oka, nokpenne+ .+o npenonoenne.
Hanomnm nenneckoe noynenne o snyke, nopoammem 6yknr, cnorn, cnona n onpeenmmem,
+aknm o6pasom, noncenennym nsnr nmen, o6 ananornnnrx nosspennx +n6e+cknx
6ync+on, cyqn+on, pennnx ernn+n n kn+annen.
Bnyk nne+c +em o6mnm kopnem, ns ko+oporo nponspac+ann n srk, n mysrka.
Hspenne n onrne ona kpnc+annnsye+ cnon snykonre cpec+na ns snynannn nnon penn,
necnonecnrx ronoconrx cnrnanon, cmrcnonrx nn+onannn n +onanrnrx srkax. Hoo6no
penn, mysrka, npec+anne+ co6on snynanne no npemenn, n ncnonrsye+ nenonenecknn ronoc n
kanec+ne cnoero nepnnnnoro ma+epnana. Hakonen, mysrka nrpa6o+ana co6c+nennym cnc+emy
nncrmennoc+n no+annm, ko+opa, ananornnno nncrmennon penn, nosnone+ sakpenn+r
n naonro coxpan+r mysrkanrnre coo6menn.
Homnmo snynann n nncrmennoc+n, n mysrke ycma+pnnam+ qopmanrnre acnek+r
srka .nemen+r snanenn, nrpaenn n cnn+akcnca. Hna+on n pennne kn+annr
konqnnnponann snykopr n nar coo+ne+c+nenno nx .monnonanrnomy n mopanrnomy
<c+p. 328>
nosenc+nnm. B XVIII neke nonrsonanacr nonynpnoc+rm +eopn aqqek+on (Affektenlehre)
nonr+ka cosann mysrkanrnoro cnonap c+pac+en; Ma++eson, onn ns rnannrx e
npo+aronnc+on, nepenncne+ okono nana+n .monnonanrnrx coc+onnn n coo+ne+c+nymmnx
nm nrpasn+enrnrx cpec+n. Konnennn mysrkanrnrx qnryp nnena n mysrke
6eccnonecnrn ananor nckycc+na kpacnopenn n npenncrnana c+anap+nsonannre
qopmanrnre npnmr nsnoenn, aprymen+annn, o6cyenn n y+nepenn mysrkanrnoro
+esnca.
onra n 6ora+a nc+opn c6nnennn n napannenen c srkom cenana mysrky
oco6enno yo6nrm n npnnneka+enrnrm o6rek+om cemno+nneckoro noxoa oco6enno n
cnny necpannnmon c nponnmn nckycc+namn o+n+nnnoc+n e kpnc+annnsonannoro cnn+akcnca.
Onako, n+o6r nocnonrsona+rc npenmymec+namn cemno+nneckon +eopnn,
neo6xonmo npnn+r nenrn p e ocnonnrx npenocrnoknpnsna+r, kak mnnnmym, n+o

1. cymec+nye+ pasnnnne mey co6c+nenno srkom n penrm a6c+pak+non cnc+emon
npannn n nopoaemrmn em konkpe+nrmn coo6mennmn, +ekc+amn;
2. nm6on +ekc+ coc+on+ ns snakon, o6osnanammnx onpeennnre peanrnoc+n: snak o6naae+
nonnon npnpoon .+o ma+epnanrna qopma, naennna n annon srkonon cnc+eme
konkpe+nrm snanennem;
3. snakn nm6oro srka coc+annm+ konennrn anqann+ +nnonrx nnnapnan+nrx .nemen+on
nnn ennnn nrpaenn;
4. konnennn srka oxna+rnae+ +pn mnpokne o6nac+n:
a) ec+ec+nennrx (nannonanrnrx) srkon,
b) nckycc+nennrx srkon (ma+ema+nkn, xnmnn n +.n., a +ake pasnnnnre +exnnneckne
kor) n
c) n+opnnnre moennpymmne cnc+emr, nknmnaemre n non+ne kynr+ypr, ko+opre
o6pasym+c na 6ase ec+ec+nennoro srka ny+m ynpomenn nnn cy6nnmannn n +om
nncne, mysrka.

hm6re +eope+nneckne o6o6menn oc+nram+c ny+m o+6opa cymec+nennrx
kpn+epnen n npene6peenn necymec+nennrmn. Cemno+nke, nrpocmen ns naykn o srke,
npnmnocr npene6penr cnnmkom mnornm. Cemno+nnecknn noxo k ne co6c+nenno srkonrm, n
nac+noc+n, xyoec+nennrm nnennm okasanc necnoco6nrm ne +onrko o6rcnn+r, no ae
npnn+r no nnnmanne cnennqnnnre n npnnnnnnanrno nanre n nnx cnonc+na. He
ynnn+enrno, n+o cemno+nneckne anannsr nponsneennn nckycc+na peko ny+ anee nepenoa
onennnoc+en na srk .so+epnnecknx non+nn.
<c+p. 329>
on Bn.knnr 6pocae+ pemn+enrnrn nrson an+opn+e+y cemno+nkn n mysrke:

B npenaram paccma+pnna+r mysrky kak oco6rn nn kommynnkannn n
anannsnpona+r e c nenrm nrcnenn +oro, n+o nne+c cnennqnnnrm n
mysrkanrnoro noneenn n o+nnnae+ ero o+ pyrnx qopm noneenn n nccneyemom
o6mec+ne. [3]

On o+neprae+ nonoenne o n+opnnnoc+n mysrkn kak nac+ponkn na
ec+ec+nennrm srkom. Ony ns cnonx c+a+en, nrsrnamme osarnannennym Mysrka kak
nepnnnna moennpymma cnc+ema, on nannnae+ cneymmnmn cnonamn:

Ho neckonrknm npnnnnam npenonn+am ne nonrsona+rc cnonamn srk
mysrkn. Bo-nepnrx, onn cknonnr npec+ann+r cnonecnrn srk kak
rnanenc+nymmym qopmy nenoneneckoro nrpaenn; n xo+ +epmnn srk cnyn+
sakonnrm cnnonnmom "cpec+n kommynnkannn", cnono srk cnnmkom o6pemeneno
konno+annmn, n+o6r nm mono 6rno c ynepennoc+rm nonrsona+rc n .+om 6onee
mnpokom cmrcne. Bo n+oprx, .+o cnono nnymae+ mrcnr o npmom nepenonmom
npec+annennn nen.., c ko+opon nemnorne cornac+c. B-+pe+rnx, n .+o camoe
nanoe, ono cknone+ nac, pan nporpecca n anannse mysrkn, nonon+rc na non+n
nnnrnnc+nkn nnn na me+or, nrpa6o+annre n xoe nsynenn srka. [4]

Mr ne snaem, nackonrko nepna rnno+esa o nponcxoennn mysrkn ns nenoneneckon
penn n oc+a+onnr nn ocnonann npenonara+r, n+o cnoen qopmanrnon nornkon mysrka
o6sana nosenc+nnm cnn+akcnnecknx sakonon srka. Mono 6es oco6oro pncka
y+nepa+r, n+o ero nc+opnnecka .nonmnn ne 6rna onpeenmmnm qak+opom n .nonmnnn
mysrkn. Hanee ncero paccma+pnna+r pasnn+ne mysrkn n cnonecnoro srka kak
napannenrnre nesanncnmre nponeccr, necmo+p na +o n+o onn nekamn nrc+ynann n +ecnom
comse n co+pynnnec+ne.
IB@=A+ 3 .0FJ
Kaa ns .+nx an+onomnrx cqep o6pasye+ camoc+o+enrnym cnc+emy; kaa
morymec+nenna n cnoen o6nac+n n emonc+pnpye+ oco6oe o+nomenne k peanrnoc+n. B
nsnec+nom cmrcne, srk n mysrkannenn nsanmno ononnn+enrnre: kaoe nknmnae+
nep+r pyroro. Brpaenn srk mysrkn n mysrka srka n pan-
<c+p. 330>
non mepe ymec+nr n nnmn+nponanr. Onn ykasrnam+ na acnek+r, cnonc+nennre n mysrke, n
srky, no coo+nocmnec n nnx npmo npo+nnonononrm o6pasom.
Cxema+nneckn ronop, srk npenonarae+ npenmymec+nennym yc+anonky na
anann+nneckym pannonanrnoc+r, na nornky c+a+nnnrx non+nnnrx pasnnnennn n
nnenpemennre onncann qenomenon n neknn ns6pannrn momen+ nx cymec+nonann. Mysrka
onnpae+c na cnnkpe+nneckym nceo6remnmmym nync+nennoc+r, konnen+pnpye+ nocnpn+ne
na kanec+nennon nonno+e snykonoro qenomena n ero naxponnneckom, npemennom
pasnp+rnannn. B o6onx cnynax non+ne srk ykasrnae+ na a6c+pak+nre
oprannsannonnre c+pyk+ypr n qynknnn, +ora kak non+nem mysrka nokprnae+c
konkpe+noe nepennanne ynnkanrnon omymaemon peanrnoc+n snykonoro nponecca +on nnn
nnon npnpor.
Hmenno secr mey srkom n penrm, c onon c+oponr, n mysrkon, c pyron,
nponerae+ rnannrn noopasen. Fonopn+r o srke kak nepnnnnon, a o mysrke kak n+opnnnon
moennpymmnx cnc+emax snann+ c+npa+r o+menennoe pasnnnne. eno ne +onrko n +om, n+o
n srk, n mysrka e+epmnnnponanr morymec+nennrm o6mnm qak+opom kynr+ypr no-
pasnomy, no npee ncero n +om, n+o onn o+nenam+ n am+ nrxo pasnmu nenonenecknm
cnoco6noc+m n no+pe6noc+m.
Pasnnnacr kak nnc+pymen+ nn+ennek+yanrnoro noc+nenn enc+nn+enrnoc+n,
ec+ec+nennrn srk nrpa6a+rnan na6op a6c+pak+nrx snakon (cnonapr) n a6c+pak+nrx
c+pyk+yp (rpamma+nka), nosnonmmnx o6osnana+r (nomen+r cnonamn n rpamma+nnecknmn
c+pyk+ypamn) nce o6rek+r n o+nomenn mey nnmn, pasnnnaemre n annon kynr+ype. B
cnny .+oro srk, noo6no qnnr+py, nnyckae+ n cosnanne +onrko +e nnenn n cnonc+na
peanrnoc+n, ko+opre on cnoco6en o6osnann+r. Onepnponanne non+nmn (snakamn knaccon
o6rek+on) n rpamma+nnecknmn c+pyk+ypamn (snakamn +nnon o+nomennn), enae+ srk
neo6rknonenno momnrm nnc+pymen+om a6c+pak+no nornneckoro onncann
enc+nn+enrnoc+n, no o+nnmae+ y nero nosmonoc+r npec+ann+r ennnnnoe,
nnnnnyanrnoe, ynnkanrnoe. Hnkakne cnona ne nomory+ cnenomy nnn anr+onnky non+r
pasnnnne mey rony6rm n sennrm, n camre kpacnopennnre onncann ne cpann+c c +em,
n+o mysrka ronopn+ cnyma+enm. Mey a6c+pak+non nckpe+non nnnennon moennpymmen
cnc+emon srka n nnrmn moennpymmnmn cnc+emamn nenpeprnnrmn, mnoromepnrmn,
anennnpymmnmn k nync+nennoc+n, ne+ nn noo6n, nn nepexoa.
<c+p. 331>
3+o+ kon+pac+ mono non+r kak pesynr+a+ nn+enrnon pacxomenc .nonmnnn n
cnennannsannn no snakom (nckypcnnnocvn, n onom cnynae, n penpesenvavnnnocvn, n
pyrnx. B xoe .nonmnnn srk nrpa6a+rnan, o+6npan, nakannnnan n knaccnqnnnponan
konennre na6opr c+anap+nrx ennnn qonem, 6ykn, mopqem, cnon, nac+en penn,
rpamma+nnecknx c+pyk+yp n +.n. hnnrnnc+nneckn nrckasrnanne nnnapnan+no no o+nomennm
k cnoco6y ero ma+epnanrnoro oqopmnenn. Ero cmrcn ne sanncn+ o+ cnonc+n nponsnocmero
ronoca n ero nrco+r, ckopoc+n n rpomkoc+n penn; 6ykna pacnosna+c kak +akona n
nena+nom nnn pykonncnom +ekc+e, n neononon pekname nnn n kamne; cnono ykasrnae+ na
nce n karn ns npeme+on, ko+opre o6osnanam+c nnn mory+ o6osnana+rc nm. 3nemen+r
srka +nnonon npnpor.
3nemen+r mysrkanrnoro nrckasrnann nnon, cnnrynpnon npnpor. Tonrko n
mysrkanrnon +eopnn, y+nnnsnpymmen npnnnnnr srka, onn npec+annm+c konennrm
na6opom c+anap+nrx ennnn. H +onrko n qopme no+annn .+oro ananora nncrmennon penn
onn nrrn+ kak nnnenno oprannsonannre nckpe+nre .nemen+r. Bnynama mysrka
coc+on+ ns 6eckonennoro mnoec+na nenon+opnmrx .nemen+on. Tona onon n +on e nrco+r
n nn+enrnoc+n ne +oec+nennr pyr pyry: nx mysrkanrnoe snanenne mene+c c
+onnanmnmn nsmenennmn snykonsnnenenn, +em6pa, nnamnkn, qona n kon+ekc+a. Karn
o+enrnrn +on a+ cnyma+enm nosmonoc+r nepen+r ynnkanrnym peanrnoc+r nnon,
konkpe+nrn, 6ora+rn onr+, ko+opon ne moe+ 6r+r nonynen nnkaknm nnrm ny+m.
B o+nnnne o+ .nonmnnn srka n penn, konkpe+noc+r snykonoro ma+epnana 6rna n
oc+a+c onon ns nanenmnx sa6o+ necn+nrx nokonennn mysrkan+on no ncex nsnec+nrx
kynr+ypax. n mysrkn nensmepnmo nanee, nem n penn, nponsnocn+c nn qpasa
mycknm, encknm nnn e+cknm ronocom, n oco6enno nanr nnnnnyanrnre oco6ennoc+n
ronocon. Bosmonoc+n nenoneneckoro ronoca n npnmr nenn nekamn pasnnnanncr n
kynr+nnnponanncr n pasnnnnrx kynr+ypax, noponn neo6r+noe mnoroo6pasne c+nnen,
+exnnk n manep. Tonno +ak e cokponnmnnna mysrkanrnrx snynannn nenpeprnno
o6oramanacr nocpec+nom cosann n conepmenc+nonann mysrkanrnrx nnc+pymen+on,
ncnncnemrx +rcnamn, nrpa6o+kn n mnnqonkn npnmon nrpr na nnx.
B kaon mysrkanrnon kynr+ype nokanrna n nnc+pymen+anrna nann+pr
npenaram+ mysrkan+y npak+nneckn neorpannnennrn nr6op snynannn, ko+opre mory+
cone+a+rc camrm pasnnnnrm o6pasom, n n cnny .+oro kaoe mrnonenne snynamen mysrkn,
ne ro-
<c+p. 332>
nop ye o nenon nrece, c+anonn+c n cnyma+en npmrm nc+onnnkom oc+poro,
nonnokponnoro nepennann.
He+ nnkaknx ocnonannn nepecma+pnna+r +pannnonnoe npec+annenne o mysrke kak
nckycc+ne n nepnym oneper nrpasn+enrnom. Penpesen+ann nocpec+nom nrpaenn
npnnnnnnanrno o+nnnna o+ penpesen+annn nocpec+nom o6osnanenn. Hepna npec+anne+
cno coepanne no ncen ero nync+nennon konkpe+noc+n, n+opa e ncnonrsye+
nponsnonrnre snakn-pnrkn, ykasrnammne na cno coepanne n pamkax annon
kynr+ypnon konnennnn. Ecnn ne ronopn+r o snykonopaa+enrnrx, nnonncymmnx,
nso6pasn+enrnrx n nponnx nepnqepnnecknx npnmax, mnpoko npnmenemrx n neko+oprx
c+nnx, +o cnpanennno 6ye+ ckasa+r, n+o mysrka ne o6osnanae+ cmrcn, no cama nne+c
nm. Kak cymmnpye+ on Bn.knnr,

B srke ko (ma+epnanrna qopma. 6.(.) n nocnanne mory+ anann+nneckn
pasrenn+rc 6es o6pamenn ko nnesrkonrm qak+am. B mysrke e ko n nocnanne
nepasenrnr: ko n ec+r nocnanne, n ecnn nocnanne anannsnpye+c o+enrno o+ koa,
+o mysrkon npene6peram+ pan connonornn, nonn+nkn, .konomnkn, pennrnn n +..
Hnane ronop, mysrka +pak+ye+c n +aknx cnynax kak nponsnonrnrn cnmnon
connanrnrx, nonn+nnecknx, .konomnnecknx nnn pennrnosnrx o+nomennn n, kak
co6c+nenno mysrka, nnmae+c cmrcna. [5]

Xenammne nne+r n mysrke snakonym cnc+emy +oro nnn nnoro poa cknonnr
sakprna+r rnasa na me+oonornneckn nenpeoonnmoe npen+c+nne. B nm6on snakonon
cnc+eme snak moe+ qynknnonnpona+r +onrko npn ycnonnn, n+o ero snanenne sapanee cno n
nenycmrcnenno oronopeno. Cnona o6naam+ orpomnrmn nosmonoc+mn nsanmnoro
nc+onkonann kaoe cnono moe+ 6r+r o6rcneno nocpec+nom pyrnx cnon. Takym
nosmonoc+r am+ n +ak nasrnaemre cnmnonr nckycc+nennrx srkon naykn. Ho n
mysrke n nckycc+ne, kak +akonom, cnonecnre o6rcnenn n konnennnn 6eccnnrnr.
Pasymee+c, mono sapanee oronopn+r cmrcn +oro nnn nnoro nne+a, nnnnn, qopmr nnenn,
menonneckoro o6opo+a n nonrsona+rc nmn kak mysrkanrnrmn non+nmn (+akona,
nanpnmep, qynknn nen+mo+nnon n narneponcknx onepax), no .+n nemre non+nnnre pemapkn
n nynmem cnynae mano n+o o6annm+ k nx co6c+nennon mysrkanrnon nrpasn+enrnoc+n, a n
xymem o+nnekam+ o+ ne nnnmsnen nonnmann.
Hs ncero ckasannoro mono cena+r onn nrno: mysrka ne nne+c nn
nac+ponkon na ec+ec+nennrm srkom, nn snakonon cnc+emon.
<c+p. 333>
IB@=A+ A+A 43>,-5
Ecnn mysrka neonpeennma n non+nx srka, +o kak e cneye+ nonnma+r e? Ecnn
ona o6naae+ c+pyk+ypon n cmrcnom, +o nem o6rcnn+r necoc+o+enrnoc+r npnnoennn k
nen cemno+nkn n c+pyk+ypannsma .+nx 6eccnopno npoyk+nnnrx +eopnn kommynnkannn?
Baknmnenn, k ko+oprm mr npnmnn, kay+c nenornnnrmn, ny+r nn ne a6cypnrmn.
Mysrka nn+ +onrko n snynannn, no ckasa+r, n+o mysrka ec+r snynanne, snann+ nnsnec+n e
na yponenr cnyxonrx omymennn. Mysrka npec+anne+ co6on nen+o nensmepnmo 6onrmee n
nnoe. Ona a+ nenoneky manc nc+ynn+r n nsnenno nanrn kon+ak+ c +pynooc+ynnrmn
yponnmn cymec+nonann, ykasrnae+ na nen+o nosan ce6, no +o, na n+o ona ykasrnae+,
neo+ennmo n neo+nnnnmo o+ snynann. Cmrcn n cpec+no, nec+nnk n nec+r ennr,
nenon+opnmr n nesamennmr. He cymec+nye+ nn pyroro cnoco6a nepen+r onr+,
oc+annemrn mysrkon, nn nosmonoc+n onnca+r ero, n packprnaemrn em mnp n o+cy+c+nne
snynann moe+ 6r+r nnmr nocnomnnannem nnn npenkymennem.
Henornnna, nepo+no, ne cama cn+yann mysrkanrnoro o6menn, a nonr+ka n+ncny+r
e n nenoxomne pamkn npnnrnnrx npec+annennn. Tonkonanne no cxoc+ny c nem-nn6o
pyrnm sacnone+ camo mysrky, nosnon pasnnnn+r n nen +onrko +o, n+o nxon+ n pamkn
ns6pannon ananornn.
Bsrk ona ns +aknx co6nasnn+enrnrx npea+enrcknx ananornn.
Kommynnkann pyra. Yc+anonn+r kommynnkannm snann+ cnsa+r, coennn+r,
yc+anonn+r o+nomenne, nepea+r neko+opym nnqopmannm ns onoro nynk+a n pyron.
Mysrka moe+ nrpa+r n .+y ponr. C nesanam+nrx npemn +py6r n nn+anpr npnsrnann k
6n+ne, konokonrnrn snon nsneman o namec+nnn nparon n pyrnx nanrx co6r+nx; mysrka
conponoana .nnneckne ckasann, o6rennna nmen ennon .monnen. He +onrko no
o+nomennm k +akoro poa nac+nrm cn+yannm, no n n 6onee o6mem cmrcne mono ckasa+r,
n+o mysrka cnyn+ onnm ns nanrx cpec+n nenoneneckoro o6menn.
Ba6nyenne nosnnkae+ n +o+ momen+, kora nac+non qynknnn npna+c
a6conm+nrn cmrcn n npnpoy mysrkn nannnam+ onpeen+r, ncxo ns e npak+nnecknx
npnmenennn. Mysrka nne+c kommynnkannen, kora ona ncnonrsye+c kak cpec+no
nnemysr-
<c+p. 334>
kanrnoro coo6menn. Ho, nomnmo cnoco6noc+n cnywnv +em nnn nnrm nenm, ona
npec+anne+ co6on oco6rn mnp, o6naammnn co6c+nennrm 6mvneu; ona ne pacckasrnae+ o6
.+om mnpe, ne onncrnae+ ero, no cama ecv .+o+ mnp. B .+om npnnnnnnanrnoe o+nnnne
mysrkn o+ srka n nac+noc+n n snakonrx cnc+em noo6me.
nonc+nenna npnpoa mysrkn onpeene+ oco6ym cnonoc+r e n anannsa. C
onon c+oponr, mysrka nrc+ynae+ kak npoyk+ kynr+ypr, nc+opnn, +pannnn, konnek+nnnon
mypoc+n, momnrn qak+op connanrnrx nsanmoenc+nnn, qenomen, cymec+nymmnn
o6rek+nnno n npenonarammnn o6rek+nnnrn noxo. Ho, c pyron c+oponr, .+o+ rnran+cknn
o6rek+ cymec+nye+ +onrko no+omy, n+o nn+ae+c onr+om, nrpac+ae+ ns onr+a, ncera rny6oko
nn+nmnoro, nnnnnyanrnoro, cy6rek+nnnoro.
Bocnpnnnmaema kak kommynnkann, mysrka nosnpamae+ cnyma+enm
konqnnnponannrn o6pas +ex nnn nnrx c+opon konnek+nnnoro onr+a kynr+ypr, k ko+opon
on npnnanen+, o+nynnoe camoo+paenne ero kynr+ypnoro . Ona nrc+ynae+ kak
cpec+no o6menn cnyma+en c camnm co6on, n ecnn 6r nennoc+r mysrkn .+nm
ncnepnrnanacr, ona nomnmo .c+e+nneckoro yonne+nopenn nrpana 6r ckopee
nera+nnnym ponr, ykpenn nenoneneckym cn+yannm camoo+nyenn, camonsonnnn,
napnnccn-neckon nnn masoxnc+ckon camoo6rek+nnannn.
Mysrka, ko+opa onncrnae+c kak ocno6oamma, accnmnnnpye+c n
nnnnnyanrnom onr+e, nponnae+c kak peanrnoc+r. Hpn .+on yc+anonke ona nepec+a+
cnyn+r o6rek+om, npo+nnoc+omnm cy6rek+y, no c+anonn+c +em, n+o nponcxo(nv co
cnyma+enem. Takon kon+ak+ c mysrkon nosnnkae+ +onrko, kora ona c+anonn+c ero
peanrnoc+rm, kora, oc+annn cyenn, on +epe+ n nen cno , o+oec+nne+c c nen,
nepec+a+ nocnpnnnma+r e kak nen+o nnemnee, nnoe, nem on cam,c+anonn+c nac+rm,
+oec+nennon nenomy. 3+o n ec+r nap+nnnnann, kak e nonnmae+ henn-Bpmnr,
nponnanne peanrnoc+n, +nopnmon nnrm mnqom: mysrkon.
Mysrka, kak mnq, naprnpye+c o+ kynr+ypr k kynr+ype. To, n+o n onon nn+
kak morymec+nennrn mnq, qopmnpymmnn o6pas mnpa, n pyron nocnpnnnmae+c npoc+o
kak nonme6na ckaska. Mysrka, onnm nmm necyma nny+pennee ocno6oenne, pyrnmn n
nynmem cnynae nenn+c kak nc+onnnk npn+nrx omymennn.
H mnq, n mysrka nyam+c n qnsnneckom cy6c+pa+e. Hm neo6xonmr cnona n
o6pr, snynanne n enc+nne. n +eope+nka, co c+oponr na6nmammero nsanmoenc+nn
cnmenocnyn+en
<c+p. 335>
nnn mysrkan+a c ayn+opnen, .+o kommynnkann. Ho n ynac+nnka ak+a, saxnanennoro
nm, .+o nap+nnnnann: nnan ero 6r+n.
He+ nnnero ynnn+enrnoro n +om, n+o konnennnn n me+or cemno+nkn, .+on
ynnnepcanrnon +eopnn kommynnkannn, okasanncr nenpnronrmn n o6nac+n, re ne
cymec+nye+ pasenenn na o6rek+ n cy6rek+, o+npann+en n nonyna+en, ma+epnanrnrn
snak n neanrnoe snanenne.
Cnmnon knmnenoe non+ne n onpeenennn nenckypcnnnrx cnc+em,
conpo+nnnmmnxc cemno+nneckomy n nponnm konnen+yanrnrm nonr+kam anannsa,
moe+ o+kpr+r ny+r, neymnn n cqepy nap+nnnnannn onr+a-neponann, no
onpeenennm henn-Bpmn.
3+o+ +epmnn, pasmr+rn nepas6opnnnrm yno+pe6nennem, +pe6ye+ y+onnenn. On ne
nmee+ nnnero o6mero c +em, n+o nmenye+c cnmnonamn n cemno+nke c a6c+pak+nrmn
snakamn, naennnrmn (n o+nnnne o+ nkonnnecknx snakon n snakon-nnekcon)
konnennnonanrnrmn snanennmn, co cnonom, o6osnanammnm non+ne, 6yknon,
ykasrnammen na snyk penn, nnqpon, coo+ne+c+nymmen onpeennnomy konnnec+ny nnn mepe,
co snakamn, npec+annmmnmn konnennnn, o+nomenn n onepannn n ma+ema+nke, xnmnn,
qnsnke n +.. Takoro poa snakn ncnonrsym+c n n mysrkanrnon no+annn n o6osnanenn
enaemrx cnonc+n snykonon +kann, n n .+om cmrcne ona nne+c noxomnm npeme+om
n cemno+nneckoro anannsa.
Hoo6no 6ymanrm enrram, snak ne o6naae+ co6c+nennon nennoc+rm. 3+o nnmr
ycnonnoe o6osnanenne nennoc+n, e samena, nnnka+op. &3>,-5, coo+ne+c+nenno nsnananrnomy
cmrcny .+oro rpeneckoro cnona, ec+r neknn npeme+, pasnomannrn nanoe kak o6sa+enrc+no
no oc+nrny+omy cornamennm mey c+oponamn n noccoennemrn n momen+ ocymec+nnenn.
Henoe moe+ 6r+r mone+on nnn nankon ero ma+epnanrnoc+r necymec+nenna. Cymec+nenno
+o, n+o .+o nenoe nne+c nenpemennon nac+rm kon+pak+a, ero cnne+enrc+nom
ennc+nennrm n nesamennmrm n, n .+om cmrcne, 6esycnonnrm. Hennoc+r cnmnona n nennoc+n
camoro cornamenn.
B c+a+re Hpnpoa pennrnosnoro srka Haynr Tnnnnx nponon+ n+kym rpannny
mey snakamn n cnmnonamn.

Bnakn nnkonm o6pasom ne ynac+nym+ n peanrnoc+n n morymec+ne +oro, na n+o onn
ykasrnam+. Cnmnonr e, xo+ onn n ne +oec+nennr +omy, n+o onn
cnmnonnsnpym+, coynac+nym+ n snanennn n cnne cnmnonnsnpyemoro... Hanpnmep,
nso6paenn 6ykn anqann+aA nnn P ne npnnac+nr snykam, na ko+opre onn
ykasrnam+. Ho qnar
<c+p. 336>
npnnac+en k morymec+ny kopon nnn nannn, ko+opoe on cnmnonnsnpye+. Ho.+omy
co npemn Bnnrrenrma Tenn ney+c cnopr o +om, kak nanen+ nec+n ce6 n
npncy+c+nnn qnara.. Cnona srka .+o snakn sakpennnnrx sa nnmn cmrcnon... Mr
cnoco6nr o6rcn+rc non+n ncknmnn+enrno nocpec+nom cnon-snakon, cno nx o
snanenn ny+r nn ne ma+ema+nnecknx snakon. Takon a6conm+nrn nean nornnecknx
nosn+nnnc+on. Ha npo+nnonononom e nonmce naxo+c nn+yprnnecknn nnn
no.+nnecknn srk, cnona ko+oporo coxpanm+ cnny c+one+nmn. Onn o6pe+am+
cmrcn n cn+yannx, n ko+oprx okasrnam+c nesamennmrmn. Onn nnm+c +ora ne
+onrko snakamn, ykasrnammnmn na o6ycnonnennre cmrcnr, no +ake cnmnonamn
peanrnoc+n, k morymec+ny ko+opon onn npnnac+nr. [6]

3+o nanrn momen+. Mey cnmnonamn n snakamn ne+ conepnnnec+na: yponnn, na
ko+oprx onn cymec+nym+, n nx ponn pasnnnnr. Bnak moe+ n onpeennnrx ycnonnx c+a+r
cnmnonom, a nnocnec+nnn, nosmono, y+pa+n+r cnmnonnnecknn xapak+ep; c pyron c+oponr,
cymec+nym+ cnmnonr, nnkora ne 6rnmne snakamn. Ha nonpoc sanem noo6me nynr
cnmnonr? Tnnnnx o+nenae+: n+o6r o+kpr+r oc+yn k ckpr+rm n nnane neoc+nnmrm
yponnm peanrnoc+n (56), n npoonae+:

no n .+oro neo6xonmo o+kpr+r nen+o nnoe, a nmenno, yponnn ymn, yponnn
nny+pennen peanrnoc+n, n onn onnr coo+ne+c+nona+r yponnm nnemnen
peanrnoc+n, packprnaemrm cnmnonom. Taknm o6pasom, karn cnmnon nmee+ ne
rpann: on o+kprnae+ peanrnoc+r n o+kprnae+ ymy... Ecnn ponr cnmnona
enc+nn+enrno +akona, +o c+anonn+c cno, nonemy cnmnonr nesamennmr... 3+nm onn
o+nnnam+c o+ snakon, no+omy n+o snakn ncera onyckam+ sameny: onn cosna+enrno
nso6pe+am+c n ncknmnam+c ns o6pamenn. Cnmnonr e poam+c n ymnpam+.
Hs kakoro e npena poam+c cnmnonr? Hs npena, ko+opoe n namn nn
nmenye+c rpynnonrm nnn konnek+nnnrm 6eccosna+enrnrm, npnsnammnm n annom
npeme+e, cnone, qnare n +.. cno co6c+nennoe 6r+ne. (57-58)

B o+nnnne o+ Tnnnnxa, paccyammero npenmymec+nenno o pennrnosnrx cnmnonax,
Knr ronopn+ o cnmnonax 6eccosna+enrnoro, no onpeene+ nx necrma cxonm o6pasom.

Konnennnn 43>,-5+ n snaka onnr, na mon nsrn, c+poro pasrpannnnna+rc.
Cnmnonnneckne n 40>3-*3F04A30 snanenn nemn npnnnnnnanrno pasnre... hm6a
nn+epnpe+ann cnmnonnneckoro nrpaenn kak ananora nnn cokpamnnoro
o6osnanenn nsnec+noro npeme+a nne+c 40>3-*3F04A-;. Hpn cnmnonnneckon
nn+epnpe+annn cnmnonnneckoe nrpaenne paccma+pnnae+c kak nannynma ns ncex
nosmonrx qopmynnponok o+nocn+enrno nensnec+noro npeme-
<c+p. 337>
+a, ko+oprn nmenno no .+on npnnnne ne moe+ 6r+r npec+annen c 6onrmen
cnoc+rm nnn xapak+epnoc+rm... Cnmnon nn+, noka on npena+ cmrcnom. Kora .+o+
cmrcn nrne+pnnae+c, cnmnon B>3.+0*, coxpan nnmr nc+opnneckoe snanenne.
Bnne+c nn npeme+ cnmnonom nnn ne+, sanncn+ rnannrm o6pasom o+ B4*+2-,A3
na6nmammero cosnann. [7]

O6a onn ronop+ o6 am6nnanen+non npnpoe cnmnona. C onon c+oponr, on
neo+ennm o+ ckpr+on peanrnoc+n n no+omy nocnpnnnmae+c kak cama .+a peanrnoc+r no
ncm e morymec+ne. C pyron c+oponr, .+o nnmr e nec+nnk, nemec+nennrn npec+ann+enr,
ne +oec+nennrn npec+annemomy. Hoo6no nm6omy npeme+y, cnmnon ncera nrc+ynae+ n
nekon nync+nenno nocnpnnnmaemon ma+epnanrnon qopme, no ero qopma npospanna:
npnspanna. Cnmnon nrnonne+ cno oco6oe npenasnanenne +onrko n +ex cnynax, kora ero
ma+epnanrna qopma o+pnnae+c, o+6pacrnae+c n 6onee ne c+on+ na ny+n onr+a. On
noo6en 6pomennomy n semnm sepny ns enanrenrckon npn+nn, ko+opoe, n+o6r a+r poc+ok,
onno ymepe+r. Hcnesnonenne ma+epnanrnon qopmr pemammee no+nepenne
nc+nnnoc+n cnmnona; mnnmre cnmnonr, qe+nmn, nonr n nponne o6rek+r cyenepnn .+o
ncnr+anne ne nrepnnam+.
Bnynanne mysrkn onn ns nnc+enmnx cnmnonon: nac+r n nec+nnk +on ne nmemmen
nmenn peanrnoc+n, c ko+opon mr nc+ynaem n conpnkocnonenne nepes mysrky n mysrkanrnrn
onr+. Cnmnonnneckoe morymec+no mysrkanrnoro snynann non+n nepaspymnmo, ae kora
ono nn+epnpe+npym+c kak o6rek+. Hs6ann+rc o+ nero ne mory+ camre cyxne ns
+eope+nkon, y6ennre n +om, n+o onepnpym+ ncknmnn+enrno o6rek+nnnrmn annrmn n
qak+amn. n nnx +akoro poa annrmn cnya+ nrco+a snyka, ero nn+enrnoc+r, rpomkoc+r
n +em6p, nn+epnanr n c+pyk+ypr, o6pasyemre +onamn, n +.n. Onn onncrnam+ mysrkanrnre
.nemen+r n c+pyk+ypr n +epmnnax cnnec+esnn n o+nomennn, ne samena +oro, n+o ronop+
ne o snyke kak o6rek+nnnom qenomene, a o ero nocnpn+nn, nno ne +oec+nennom
snynannm n n +o e npem neo+ennmom o+ nero.
Hsmepenn cnyxonoro non, paccmo+pennre n nperymen rnane, .+o n ec+r
nsmepenn +on ckpr+on nnon peanrnoc+n, ko+opa o+kprnae+c cnyma+enm nepes
mysrkanrnrn snyk n c+anonn+c ero nny+pennen peanrnoc+rm, 6eso+n+noe, no xopomo
snakomoe ena nn ne kaomy cnnnne mysrkn n ymn, mnc+nnecknn ak+, ocymec+nnemrn
nocpec+nom cnmnonnneckon cnnr mysrkn.
Mysrka noccoenne+ nny+pennnn mnp nnnnnyanrnoro cnyma+en c ero
nsnananrnon nonnon, nosnpamae+ ero k nc+okam ncex ec+ec+nennrx cnmnonon k nepnnnnrm
.nemen+am onr+a nenone
<c+p. 338>
ka n npnponon cpee: k peanrnoc+n semnoro npn+enn, nosnanaemoro nepes mrmennre
ycnnn, okpyammero npoc+panc+na, nokprnaemoro maramn, ma+epnn n neo6r+noro
pasnoo6pasn e nync+nenno nocnpnnnmaemrx cnonc+n, k peanrnoc+n noprna n
conpo+nnnenn, ko+opoe on nc+penae+, rxann n 6nenn cepna .+nx nepnnnnrx
npnponrx mexannsmon ocosnann npemenn.
Mysrka npn6nnae+ nac k nc+okam a6conm+noro, oconnanrnoro, npekynr+ypnoro
cymec+nonann.
&3>,-5= AB5J*B.=
Kak +onrko cnmnon-sepno npopac+ae+, no6er, nonnmmnnc ns nonnr, nannnae+
qopmnpona+rc ycnonnmn annon kynr+ypr. Hon+n neonpeennmrmn ny+mn kynr+ypa
pemn+enrno ynpanne+ ceneknnen cnonc+n n npnnnnnon oprannsannn snykonon ma+epnn n
onpeene+ konkpe+noc+r cnmnonnnecknx qopm. Fonop me+aqopnneckn, ona pemae+, 6yy+
nn sanorom nc+penn co ckpr+on peanrnoc+rm nononnnka mone+r, nac+r rnnnnon +a6nnnkn c
nncrmenamn nnn knmn o+ cokponnmnnnr.
Banana kynr+ypa cknonna nne+r n mysrke knmn npeme+, cam no ce6e ne
o6naammnn oco6on nennoc+rm, no cnoco6nrn (ecnn on noon+ k samky) o+kpr+r
cnyma+enm oc+yn k onammnm ero necme+nrm yxonnrm n nn+ennek+yanrnrm
cokponnmam. 3+o+ nsrn, nr+ekammnn ns xapak+epno sananon nxo+omnn cy6rek+a n
o6rek+a, nnymae+ nonoe npec+annenne o cy6rek+e kak o nyc+om cocye, ko+oprn moe+
nanonnn+rc +onrko ns nekoero nnemnero nc+onnnka.
Bnponem, nennoc+r cnmnona ne n nocc+anonnennon ns nyx nononnnok mone+e, nnn
rnnnnon +a6nnnke, nnn n ycnemno o+nep+on cokponnmnnne, a n camom ak+e noccoennenn.
Mysrka o+kprnae+ cnyma+enm oc+yn k ero nc+nnnon peanrnoc+n, nocc+anannnnae+ e
ennc+no c peanrnoc+rm ero mnpa, cqopmnponannon kynr+ypnon +pannnen, mnoronekonrm
onr+om nc+opnn n o6mec+nennrx o+nomennn.
Bne+r n mysrke npoyk+, coo6menne, xyoec+nennrn o6rek+ snann+ noxon+r k
nen c ysknmn mepkamn cemno+nkn, necnoco6non ae npnsna+r cymec+nonanne
cnmnonnneckoro nsmepenn. Cnmnonnnecka .neprn mysrkn nrcno6oae+c +onrko n
+oro, k+o
<c+p. 339>
nnn+ n mysrke oco6ym nnoc+acr kynr+ypr, cnennqnnnoe nponnenne e nsnennon cnnr n
cymnoc+n nac+r kynr+ypr, +oec+nennym nenomy.
Hecnoco6noc+r nornneckn connaa+r c .+nm napaokcom nap+n-nnnannn onpeene+
ymep6noc+r kak o6menpnn+rx, +ak n nan6onee pankanrnrx onpeenennn mysrkn kak
o6pasa, o+paenn enc+nn+enrnoc+n, e moenn n ae nepnnnnon moennpymmen cnc+emr
(Bn.knnr). Bnyma mrcnr, n+o mysrka ec+r nen+o nnoe, nem kynr+ypa, o+nnnnoe o+ ne,
n+opnnnoe, nponsnonoe, qakynr+a+nnnoe, .+n n noo6nre onpeenenn sa+emnm+ nx
on+onornneckoe, 6r+nnnoe ennc+no, nx nepasprnnoc+r +o o6c+o+enrc+no, n+o ne+
kynr+ypr 6es mysrkn, kak ne+ mysrkn 6es kynr+ypr, n+o mysrka n kynr+ypa ono.
3+o cnpanennno no o+nomennm ko ncem, ae camrm nac+nrm mannqec+annm
kynr+ypr nac+m, +oec+nennrm nenomy. Hpn nepnom snakomc+ne c mysrkanrnon
nrecon cnyma+enm o6rnno 6rnae+ oc+a+onno neckonrknx cekyn snynann, n+o6r
onpeenn+r, npnnanen+ nn ona k cnoen nnn nyon kynr+ype, a npn neko+opom sanace
nnena+nennn o+ nnrx kynr+yp, c 6onrmnm nnn menrmnm npn6nnennem oraa+rc o6
.+nnneckon npnnanenoc+n .+on nrecr. Mnmon+noe snynanne nocnpnnnmae+c ne kak
snak, naennnrn o6ycnonnennrm snanennem, a kak nep+a snakomoro nnna.
Cnymammnn moe+ ne sna+r, kak onpeenn+r xapak+ep .+oro snynann n ero
nc+onnnk, no o+ nero ne yckonrsny+ pasnnnn mey n+anrncknm bel canto, nennem
my.snna n mnoec+nom pyrnx nokanrnrx manep nenn, mey pe6a6om n ckpnnkon,
ckpnnkon n enponenckom penep+yape n n nnnnckon .+E0, n npnanckon nre n amepnkanckon
country music. 3+n n noo6nre pasnnnn yc+anannnnam+c ne na ocnone +oro, n+o cnyma+enr
snaev, a na ocnone +oro, n+o on uyncvnyev, n n .+om neonpeennmom cnonamn mrnonennom
qnsnornomnneckom ysnanannn emy o+kprnae+c, xo+ 6r cmy+no, kak nensa npn
ncnrmke monnnn, o6nnk nenon kynr+ypr.
Takne nnena+nenn ne o6sa+enrno o+menenr pnrkom nckycc+no. Bel canto mono
ycnrma+r n ynnnnom myme, ysopna+rn ronoc my.snna pasnocn+c na cye+on 6asapa,
cnrmn+c na qone xapak+epnrx snynannn mec+non penn. Xec+r nmen, kpackn n ysopr
oe, qopmr c+poennn, pncynok nncrma, sanaxn n nkyc nnmn nc .+o mannqec+annn nx
kynr+ypr kak nenoro. n nnnma+enrnoro na6nma+en nepes kaym ns .+nx o6rennrx
nopo6noc+en cama nsnr nenpenamepenno ronopn+ cnmnonamn.
Bnynann, kap+nnr n nponne nc+onnnkn nnena+nennn o+ noncenennon nsnn .+o ne
snakn nero-nn6o nnoro, no cama .+a nsnr,
<c+p. 340>
mnpnaamn cnoco6on nnmma nam cnom nennnmym, 6essnynnym peanrnoc+r
noymenanrnoe nepes qenomenanrnoe. Hckycc+no 6ep+ cno nanano n .+om neo6r+nom
pesepnyape n nno+n nsnn, n konkpe+noc+n e mnorokpaconnon o6ononkn, cknosr ko+opym
npocnennnae+ e yx. O6rnno npo+nnonoc+annemre nno+r n yx, no nnnmoc+n, pasnnnnre
n neconoc+annmre, coo+noc+c, n cymnoc+n, kak ne nnoc+acn ennon peanrnoc+n kak
peanrnoc+r nnenna n nennenna.
Mono 6es oco6oro pncka npnn+r rnno+esy o nponcxoennn mysrkn ns snykonrx n
pyrnx nponnennn noncenennon nsnn ny+m na6nmenn, o+6opa n nopaann.
Hc+opnkn o6cyam+ e .nonmnnm kak nponecc kpnc+annnsannn .nemen+on mysrkanrnon
qopmr, nnom n c+nnen, oc+ann non+n 6es nnnmann nonpoc o +om, nem onpeene+c
nsnenno nanoe snanenne mysrkn, +ak, kak ecnn 6r ono 6rno an+oma+nnecknm
cnec+nnem, no6onnrm npoyk+om .nonmnnn e ma+epnanrnon qopmr.
H+o pykonon+ mysrkan+om npn o+6ope +oro, a ne nnoro snynann, npn cosannn
mysrkanrnrx nnc+pymen+on, npn nrpa6o+ke n kynr+nnnponannn cnennqnneckon manepr nrpr
n nenn, npn nso6pe+ennn +oro, a ne nnoro pn+mnneckoro nnn menonneckoro o6opo+a n +..?
Hoc+anonka .+oro nonpoca nocc+anannnnae+ nepenpny+ym nepcnek+nny.
Tnopneckoe noneenne mysrkan+a nk+ye+c nonce ne nornkon mnqnneckoro
camopasnn+n qopm, manep n c+nnen. Ono veneonornuno n nanpanneno na yonne+nopenne
nsnenno nanon yxonnon no+pe6noc+n ero o6mnnr. Mysrkan+ nnc+nnk+nnno c+pemn+c
noepnna+r n noso6nonn+r xpynkoe ennc+no ckpr+on nny+pennen peanrnoc+n kaoro
nnnnnyyma n nennnmon nnemnen peanrnoc+n kynr+ypr n nenom. 3+o ennc+no npesnrnanno
nonnno. Bny+penn peanrnoc+r sa+emne+c, nckaae+c, qanrcnqnnnpye+c nnnnrmn
y6eennmn, neonornmn n neponannmn; peanrnoc+r kynr+ypr nenpnme+no mene+c c
karm cymec+nennrm cnnrom n e nc+opnneckom cymec+nonannn.
Ennc+no .+nx nyx nsmennnnrx nanan noepnnae+c +onrko nocpec+nom cosann
nonrx mysrkanrnrx n nnrx cnmnonon. Hepeko nononneenn ne nrepnnam+ c+koro
ec+ec+nennoro o+6opa, okasrnam+c nensnecnoco6nrmn. Hs nnx nrnnam+ nnmr +e, n
ko+oprx o6mnna nnn o6mec+no npnsnam+, nonrsycr cnonamn Tnnnnxa, co6c+nennoe 6r+ne.
Cnmnon ne cneye+ cmemnna+r c ero 6eckonenno pasnoo6pasnrmn ma+epnanrnrmn
qopmamn; kpec+r, nennammne mnnnr nnn kynon, n pyke cnmennnka nnn na rpyn
npnxoannna, me+annnneckne
<c+p. 341>
nnn kamennre, nso6pannre na 6ymare nnn onepnennre ec+om, -r nc .+o pasnnnnre
ma+epnannsannn ennoro cnmnona, no ne cam cnmnon.
Tonno +ak e mono ykasa+r na +y nnn nnym xapak+epnym e+anr nnn nep+y
mysrkanrnoro connnenn nnn c+nn, no nx cnmnonnnecknn cmrcn mono +onrko
nonync+nona+r n oco6on noc+anonke nnn xapak+epnom nsrn6e nommero ronoca, +em6pe
nnc+pymen+a, pn+mnneckom ysope. Takne e+ann cpannn+enrno nerko nsonnpona+r,
onncrna+r n knaccnqnnnpona+r. Ho +onrko cknosr +mnoe c+ekno +eope+nnecknx
konnen+yannsannn onn nrrn+ o+enrnrmn o6rek+amn, pacnonoennrmn na pasnnnnrx
yponnx ceman+nneckon nec+nnnr, o+ menrnanmnx, mec+nrx o nan6onee o6mnx n
nnn+enrnrx. B enc+nn+enrnoc+n e karn ns .+nx qopmanrno o+enrnrx qparmen+on
cnmnonnneckn +oec+nen nenomy: karn o+kprnae+ oc+yn k nenoc+noc+n kynr+ypr.
Kynr+ypa no onpeenennm npec+anne+ co6on nekym nenoc+noc+r, n, kak +akona,
onna o6naa+r rpannnamn. Onako cno6onoe yno+pe6nenne non+n kynr+ypa ne
+onrko npanomepno, no n neo6xonmo. Mr ronopnm o sananon kynr+ype nnn sananon
nnnnnnsannn, cymec+nymmen na c nononnnon +rcnene+n. H, xo+ nacnene .nnnnckon
mypoc+n nc em ne ncnepnano, a 6n6nencka nyeo-xpnc+nancka +pannn no-npenemy
nna, sanana kynr+ypa ne mononn+. Ha npo+ennn nc+opnn ona npe+epnenana
rny6okne nny+pennne nepemenr, n n karn e nepno npec+anne+ co6on cnonrn
nepapxnnecknn konrnomepa+ nac+nnno connaammnx, conepnnnammnx nnn ae
npaymmnx cy6kynr+yp, nokomnxc na nekoem o6mem qynamen+e.
B karn ns kpynnrx nepnoon ona poana cnon cnmnonr, ko+opre npn
cneymmem +ek+onnneckom cnnre ymnpann, yc+yna mec+o nonrm cnmnonam. 3+n
rnran+ckne nnknr +pancqopmannn cnmnonnneckon cper mono ynne+r n pasrpannnn+r
nnmr c nrco+r n+nnrero none+a. He+rpe ns nnx, ko+opre 6yy+ paccmo+penr n cneymmen
rnane, mono ycnonno cnsa+r co cpennmn nekamn (npnmepno o nanana XII n.),
Peneccancom (npnmepno o nanana XVII neka), Honrm npemenem (o 1900 r.) n
conpemennoc+rm nnn n mysrkanrno-c+nnnc+nnecknx non+nx .pamn mononn,
nonnqonnn, +onanrnoc+n n a+onanrnoc+n (n mnpokom cmrcne .+oro cnona).
<c+p. 342>
!"%I#VNW%M
1 Wilson Coker. Music and Meaning. A Theoretical Introduction to Musical
Aesthetics. The Free Press, Collier-MacMillan Limited (London, 1972), p.71
2 Gershon Scholem. On the Kabbalah and Its Symbolism. Schocken Books (New
York, 1969), pp.29-30
3 John Blacking. The Problem of 'Ethnic' Perceptions in the Semiotics of Music."
The Sign in Music and Literature (Wendy Steiner, ed.). University of Texas Press (Austin,
1981), p.184
4 Ibid., pp.184-185
5 Ibid., p.185
6 Paul Tillich. Theology of Culture. A Galaxy Book, Oxford University Press (New
York, 1964), pp.54,55-56 (anrnenmne ccrnkn-n +ekc+e)
7 C. G. Jung. "Psychological Types." Collected Works, vol. 6, Princeton University
Press (Princeton, 1971), pp.473-476

<c+p. 343>
65+,+ ,-4J>+8. %W:#"`#"9
#4*J >2-E-0 2+ 4,0*0, /.BE 6-.+K3;,
F*- 3 20 4235-4J 2+P3> >B/.0K+>.
Eekcnnp, Famne+
"0A+ C0@ C0.0E-,
Anana Kymapacnamn nannnae+ cnom knnry o6 opnen+anrnom nckycc+ne nanrm
samenannem o ero cnsx n nens6enrx cpannennx c enponencknm nckycc+nom.

Cneye+ nomnn+r, n+o non+ne enponenckoe nckycc+no npenonarae+ na pasnrx
+nna, ono xpnc+nanckoe n cxonac+nneckoe, pyroe noc+peneccancnoe n nnnnoe. Hs
namero onepka o6 3kxap+e 6ye+ cno n k +omy e nrnoy nac npnneno 6r
nsynenne domr Aknnnckoro n ero nc+onnnkon, n+o 6rno npem, kora Enpona n
Asn mornn non+r n, enc+nn+enrno, xopomo nonnmann pyr pyra. [1]

O6cya nsrnr Menc+epa 3kxap+a, Kymapacnamn npee ncero ykasrnae+ na
oco6oe nonoenne xpnc+nanckoro nckycc+na, neo+ennmoro o+ 6naronec+n n pennrnosnon
+pannnn: Bce ero paccyenn nponnsanr mrcnrm o xyonnke kak ".ksanr+nponannom
pa6o+nnke". Hckycc+no .+o pennrn, pennrn .+o nckycc+no onn ne cnsanr, a
+oec+nennr: nckycc+no nosnanann Bora. (62-63).
<c+p. 344>

Mono ne comnena+rc n +om, n+o nmenno +ak npocnemennre nmn n Hapne n
Knrne n XII n XIII c+one+nx, kora xpnc+nanckoe nckycc+no naxonnocr n senn+e,
nnenn ero n nenom n n ero konkpe+nrx qopmax. H +e e camre nmn, konnek+nnno
coc+annnmne Hepkonr, npenncrnann +emr nckycc+na n nan6onee cymec+nennre
e+ann e nkonorpaqnn; pa6onnn, nnora monax, npomemnn nckyc a name ymenrn
pemecnennnk nnocnnn karn cnon nkna n .+y cokponnmnnny, nomnmo mac+epc+na,
ko+opoe o+ nnx onanocr. (65-66) ...Ymenrn pa6o+nnk ncero nnmr nnc+pymen+, n
nec+n ce6 emy naneano coo+ne+c+nenno sa6o+cr o pa6o+e, a ne o ee nnoax; on
mor n onen 6rn nennkom o+ana+rc en. ...He emonc+pann cnoero mac+epc+na
6rna ero nenrm, no npee ncero cnyenne n xnana nepnonpnnnne ero +pya
o6pasy, nnymemy n noo6paennn xyonnka "6es mrcnn o6 o6naannn". ...To+, k+o
c+pemn+c nsymn+r cnonm nckycc+nom, ne nac+omnn +pyennk, a +mecnannrn
sasrnana: "oc+onnomy nenoneky noo6ae+ c+rn+rc o6napynna+r +akym
cknonnoc+r nepe o6prmn nmrmn". (91)

Hckycc+no ne 6rno o+enrnon, .c+e+nneckon cqepon nenonenecknx oc+nennn;
xyonnk ne nync+nonan ce6 cosa+enem nnn nnaenrnem nnoon co6c+nennoro +pya.
Hanpo+nn, nckycc+no cnynno ny+m ns6annenn nenoneka o+ o6mana nnnnnyanrnrx
nnena+nennn n c+pac+en, nomora emy npno6mn+rc k nrcmen peanrnoc+n nepr. Takon onn
ns rnannrx nynk+on, n ko+oprx openeccancnoe n opnen+anrnoe nckycc+no mornn non+r n
nonnmann pyr pyra.
pyrne +onkn conpnkocnonenn o+nocnnncr k me+oam noccoennenn c
6oec+nennrm nananom n oc+nenn nny+pennen yxonnon nenrnoc+n. 3+n me+or,
onnpanmnec na ne-yannc+nnecknn nsrn na +eno n ym, pasnrmn ny+mn cnsrnanncr c
mnc+nnecknm onr+om no ncex pennnx pennrnx, 6onrmnx n manrx.
Hnynsm, 6ynsm, ncnam n Bn6nn n pannon mepe ncxo+ ns neennmoc+n
ncnxoqnsnneckon npnpor nenoneka. hm6onr+no, n+o monac+rpr cn. Ka+epnnr,
noc+poennrn n IV neke y nonon ropr Cnnan, c+an +em mec+om, re nosnnk,
kynr+nnnponanc n nonynnn o6ocnonanne oco6rn nn monn+nr, pacnpoc+pannnmnnc sa+em
no ncemy xpnc+nanckomy Banay.
Onako no nnnnnem neonna+onnneckoro yannsma .+o+ ny+r pasnonnc. C camoro
nanana: monn+na nonynnna na pasnrx nc+onkonann, n ko+oprx mono ynne+r saporm
6yymero pacxoenn mey Boc+onnon n Bananon nepknamn.
Pasnnnn mey +onkonannmn kacanncr ne cnon: o6pamenna k Bory nenpec+anna
monn+na, ko+opym npak+nkonann n npononeonann nepnre monaxn-xpnc+nane n ernne+ckon
nyc+rne, coc+ona
<c+p. 345>
ncero ns neckonrknx cnon npocr6r o nomnnonannn nnn ae onoro cnona Focnor
nnn Hncyc. Cnono monax nponcxon+ o+ monos, onn; monax .+o +o+, k+o nn+ n
onnonec+ne n npncy+c+nnn Bora. On nmenonanc +ake ncnxac+om o+ rpeneckoro
cnona hesychia, yennenne, n monn+na ero nasrnanacr nncyconon monn+non.
Cy+r pacxoenn saknmnanacr ne n cmrcne monn+nr, a no nny+pennem coc+onnn
monmeroc. Enarpnn Hon+nncknn, monax c connnrm snannem qnnocoqnn n me+aqnsnkn,
nepnrm onncan me+o nnc+on monn+nr. B cnonx Chapters (omemnx o nac no nmenem
Hnna Cnnanckoro) on nasrnae+ +akym monn+ny nenpeprnnon 6eceon yma c Borom,
nrcmnm ak+om yma, nocxoennem yma k Bory, ak+om, noro+annnnammnm ym k
ncnonrsonannm co6c+nennoro morymec+na. Enarpnn Hon+nncknn noynan: O+neprnncr
cnoen nno+n n cnonx enannn n nnn, cornacno ymy... Cnac+nnn ym, ocno6onnmnnc o+
nckon ma+epnn n onnmennrn o+ ncero n nac monn+nr. [2] Hoann Menenopq
kommen+npye+:

He npenpaman nn on, kak ynennk Opnrena, monamec+no n nekym
nn+ennek+yannsonannym yxonnoc+r? Heonna+onnnecka konnennn npnponon
6oec+nennoc+n nenoneneckoro yma (nous) npnnena ero k nonnmannm monameckon
ackesr ne kak cnne+enrc+na 4+>-; 75-*3 o Hapc+ne Bonem nny+pn nac, no kak
pasnonnomenn yma n monn+ne pan npeoc+annenn yma co6c+nennon ero pa6o+e.
Enarpnn mor nannca+r cnon +pak+a+ O monn+ne co ccrnkamn na Hncanne, no 6es
ennoro ynomnnann o6 HncyceBonnomennom Crne Bonem. [3]

B o6oec+nnennn yma, npespennn k nno+n n omymennm n n o+enennn cy6rek+a o+
o6rek+a cosepnann on 6rn ne onnok. To+ e nsrn ncnoneonan ero nennknn
conpemennnk Bnaennrn Anryc+nn, kanmnnc n nonc+nennoc+n cnoero o+nomenn k
nennm n nepknn:

B nync+nym, n+o namn ymr nonnekam+c n nnam 6naronec+n cn+rmn cnonamn
6onee nosnrmenno n cepresno, kora onn nom+c, nem kora ne+, n n+o nce
nync+nonann namero yxa no npnnnne camoro nx pasnoo6pasn naxo+
coo+ne+c+nennoe mec+o n ronoce n nennn... Ho y6naro+nopenne moen nno+n,
nosenc+nnm ko+opon ym nnkora ne onen nonepra+rc, nac+o cmymae+ men...
Tak kone6nmcr mey onacnrm yononrc+nnem n ycnnrnon +pesnoc+rm. B
cknonmcr (xo+ n ne nrckasrnam okonna+enrnoe mnenne) k +omy, n+o6r oo6pn+r
nenne n nepknn, ko+opoe nocpec+nom yononrc+nn, oc+annemoro cnyxy, moe+
nomonr 6onee cna6rm ymam npnn+n n 6naronec+nnoe nac+poenne. H nce e, kora
cnynae+c, n+o nenne +porae+ men cnnrnee, nem cnona, ko+opre nom+c,
npnsnamcr ce6e n +kom rpexe n coanem, n+o cnrman .+o nenne. [4]
<c+p. 346>
ae nocne nocmep+noro ocyenn Enarpn H+rm Bcenencknm co6opom n 553
roy, yannsm pasnonnomnnoro yma n nno+cknx nync+n ykpennnc n sananom mnpe n
ocnonnom 6naroap an+opn+e+y Bnaennoro Anryc+nna, .+oro +nopna nc+opnn n c+pon+en
moc+a mey c+aprm mnpom n nonrm.
3+o osnanano ceprsnrn o+xo o+ yxa pannero xpnc+nanckoro monamec+na n
onr+a ennc+na +nopenn n ak+e nepr. Menenopq nnme+ o Enarpnn n ero ynn+ene
Makapnn:

Ho cymec+ny, Enarpnn 6rn nna+onnkom, nnenmnm n nenoneke nn+ennek+,
sa+onnnrn n nno+r: +aknm o6pasom, n yxonnon nsnn +enecnomy ne 6rno mec+a...
Ynenne e Makapn o nenpeprnnon monn+ne nenocpec+nenno nr+ekano ns Bn6nnn n
naxonno o+knnk y c+onkon: nenonekennoe nenoe, n +aknm on nc+ynae+ n
conpnkocnonenne c Borom... Fnannoe nmec+nnnme .+oro apa cepne.

Tak, nepes xpnc+nanc+no mono nkycn+r o+ mnnoc+n Bonen: "Bkycn+e, n
ynnn+e, kak 6nar FocnorF (Hc. 33:9). 3+o nkymenne ec+r nnyma cnna yxa, c
nonnon onpeennnoc+rm nnmma ce6 n cepne... Cepne .+o rocnonn n napr
ncero +enecnoro oprannsma, n kora mnnoc+r oxna+rnae+ nac+6nme cepna, ona napn+
na ncemn ero opranamn n ncemn ero mrcnmn. Ho+omy n+o n cepne o6n+ae+ ym n nce
mrcnn ymn: n cepne naxon+ on nc cno 6naro. (Spiritual Homilies, XV, 20).

Bepa n cepne kak nen+p oprannsma n o6n+annme yma nonynnna... oco6oe pasnn+ne
n mnc+nnnsme Boc+onnoro xpnc+nanc+na. [5]

Pacnpoc+panenne n pasnn+ne ncnxasma, o ko+oprx nnme+ Menenopq, oc+nrnn
kynrmnnannn n nanane XIV neka. Hen+panrnon qnrypon .+oro nnenn c+an cn. Fpnropnn
Hanama, a ero rnannrm .nemen+om 6rna (n nrne oc+ae+c n neko+oprx noc+onno-
npanocnannrx monac+rpx) +ak nasrnaema monn+na cepna nnn nncycona monn+na. B
VII neke Hoann Knnmakyc nnen e nasnanenne n cnsrnannn nmenn Hncyca c rxannem, a
n XIII neke Hnknqop n +aknx 6ecxn+poc+nrx cnonax onncan ncnxac+ckym monn+ny:

Tr snaemr, n+o mr rmnm, nrxa n nrrxa, +onrko 6naroap namemy cepny...
Ho.+omy, kak ckasan, cr, co6epn cnon ym n nanpanr ero ronopm o +nom ymek
nospm: .+o ny+r, ko+oprm rxanne oc+nrae+ cepna. Cenan nox, nanpanr ym
nnns, k cnoemy cepny nmec+e c nosyxom, ko+oprn +r noxnyn... Ba+em +r onen
sna+r, n+o, nockonrky +am o6n+ae+ +non yx, +r ne onen monna+r n 6esenc+nona+r.
Hyc+r y +e6 ne 6ye+ pyroro ena nnn sa6o+r, kpome kak nsrna+r: "Focnor Hncyc
Xpnc+oc, Crn Bonn, nomnnyn menF Hn npn kaknx o6c+o+enrc+nax ne anan ce6e
posrxy...[6]
<c+p. 347>

Tecno n cnc+ema+nnno cnsrna monn+ny c oco6rmn npnmamn rxann, ncnxac+r
ocymec+nnnn mnc+nneckoe ennc+no yma n +ena +onno +ak e, kak .+o oc+nrae+c n
6ync+ckon men+annn, nnnnckon nore n ncnamckom /X3A.0, nensnpa na nce pasnnnn
nx cnmnonnnecknx n o6ponrx cnc+em, neponannn n orma+on.
3+o ne 6rno pesynr+a+om cnynannoro connaenn nnn nesanncnmrx o+kpr+nn.

B XIII neke nosnnkano mnoec+no kon+ak+on mey monaxamn-xpnc+nanamn n
ncnamom: n+n cn+rx nnn nncann dnno+e n Fpnropn Hanamr nso6nnym+
okasa+enrc+namn. Cnsanna c rxannem monn+na c 6oec+nennrm Hmenem na yc+ax
6rna +ak mnpoko pacnpoc+panena n ncnamckom mnpe, n+o nnk+o ne moe+ o+pnna+r
qak+ nsanmonponnknonenn .+nx nyx ny+en yxonnoc+n. (Cm. pa6o+y L.Gardet, "Un
problme de mistique compare: la mention du Nom divin dhikr dans la mistique
musulmane," Revue Thomiste, III, 1952. 642-679; IV. 1953. 197-216). [7]

Hpn rny6oknx, 6pocammnxc n rnasa pasnnnnx monn+nennoro noneenn n pasnrx
pennrnx +pyno nonepn+r, n+o nce onn ncxo+ ns onoro nc+onnnka. Em +pynee onyc+n+r,
n+o ns +oro e nc+onnnka poae+c snyk, ko+oprn mr nasrnaem mysrkon. 3+o+ o6mnn
nc+onnnk cam nenonek n ero nnon nenoc+noc+n: ero rxanne 6oec+nennrn ap ncemy
nnomy, n ko+opom ma+epnanrnoe neo+ennmo o+ yxonnoro, n ero cepne cpeo+onne,
noepka n nync+nnnnme nsnn.
B .+om cmrcne co6c+nenno monn+na ne ennc+nennrn ny+r 6orononn+ann n
mnc+nneckoro ennenn c cymnm. Cyqn+r, +n6e+ckne monaxn, mycynrmane n nnycr
nocnpnnnmam+ poenne snyka kak 6oronnenne, +eoqannm. Hnqaropennr n Hna+on
ronopnnn o mysrke cnrmnmon n necnrmnon; nnonesnnnr, n ko+oprx snyk cnrmnmrn
ec+r mannqec+ann nennennoro snyka, o6n+ammero n cepne; mac+ep Hen kn+anckon nerenr
n manrnnk aqpnkanckoro nnemenn 6aconra, ko+opre nr+am+c ynonn+r yckonrsammym
menonm n cepne, ncemn nmn nne+ ona n +a e ec+ec+nenna +eonorn.
O6mnoc+r nc+onnnka sa+emne+c n +o+ momen+, kora karn ns nnx nr+ae+c
o6rcnn+r cno noneenne. Hpo6nnacr cknosr mnorocnonnym nonny necxonx kynr+yp,
ennrn nmnynrc nonynae+ +pyno cpannnmre mnqonornneckne onncann, onnpae+c na
pasnre cnmnonnneckne cnc+emr, nponne+c n cnennqnnecknx moynnnx ronocon n
monn+ne n, n konennom cn+e, n cnennqnnecknx snykonrx cnonc+nax mysrkn.
<c+p. 348>
B +akom cne+e n cneye+ paccma+pnna+r sananym pasnonnnoc+r necnn xnanr n
monn+nr rpnropnanckoe nenne. 3+o+ o6menpnsnannrn kopenr n nc+ok ncen mysrkn
Banaa o6rnno nsynae+c kak onn ns mysrkanrno-nc+opnnecknx c+nnen c +onkn spenn
ero .nonmnnn, nn+yprnneckon qynknnn, +eope+nnecknx nopm, qopmanrnrx npnnnnnon,
no+annn n c+nn ncnonnenn. Takon noxo +ak e nens6een, kak nsynenne pennen
nkononncn c nckycc+nonenecknx nosnnnn, n +ak e neaekna+en.
Fpnropnanckoe nenne em ne 6rno mysrkon an+onomnrm nckycc+nom, npnsnannrm
oc+ann+r .c+e+nneckoe yonne+nopenne. On 6rn nem-+o 6onrmnm, nem mysrka,
neo+ennmon oprannneckon nac+rm xpnc+nanckon pn+yanrnon nsnn n nenom. Ho ae .+o
onpeenenne neoc+a+onno nonno. Kpanne cymec+nenno ynne+r n .+om qenomene ny+r
yxonnon nap+nnnnannn n onr+a, cnmnonnneckoro nocpennka, npononnka oco6on yxonnon
cper, ko+opa n nepymmero c+anonnnacr peanrnoc+rm.
3+a c+opona rpnropnanckoro nenn nano ckpr+a o+ na6nma+en.
Henpn+sa+enrnrn nonymenonnecknn-nonypenn+a+nnnrn ynncon ronocon, cnona n cnona
non+opmmnx c non+n neynonnmrmn napnannmn nensmennrn kon+yp nanena, ne o+nnnae+c
pasnoo6pasnem nnn opnrnnanrnoc+rm n cam no ce6e ne cnnmkom nn+epecen n anannsa.
He ynnn+enrno, n+o n nonnmannn mysrkanrnon oprannsannn rpnropnanckoro nenn
cnennannc+r onnpam+c, n ocnonnom, na +o, n+o 6rno nsnec+no n onncrnanocr n +pak+a+ax ye
c cepennr IX neka. Hepeno na conpemennrn srk n y+onn non+n nn+epnanon, snykopon,
+onon n npon., onn pncym+ e+anrnym, no c+a+nnnym kap+nny nrco+nrx o+nomennn n c+pyk+yp.
H pennne, n conpemennre +eope+nkn mano n+o ronop+ o +om, kak .+n o+nomenn n
c+pyk+ypr pasnp+rnanncr no npemenn. Honr+kn noccosa+r n o6ocnona+r npemennon nopok
rpnropnanckoro nenn samnn n +ynnk n cnopax mey mkonamn aknen+yannc+on n
nponopnnonannc+on o6 ocnonnrx nn+enrnoc+x no+. Hn+yn+nnna cno6oa ero ncnonnenn,
sanna+nnna n npak+nke n nsannx Conemckoro monac+rp, npnn+a nepkonrm nnmr nnny
o+cy+c+nn pyrnx, 6onee connno o6ocnonannrx nn+epnpe+annn.
Pn+m, pn+mnneckne qopmynr n noc+poenn, nepnonneckne pasmepr, kpa+noc+r
c+anap+nrx nn+enrnoc+en, cnn+akcnc n nornka mysrkanrnon qopmr nce .+n
npec+annenn, sannmanmne c+onr nanoe mec+o n mysrkanrno-+eope+nneckon mrcnn
nocnennx nekon, no-nnnmomy, ne nmem+ nn manenmero o+nomenn k rpnropn-
<c+p. 349>
anckomy nennm. Ero nnenne cama ero nsnr yckonrsae+ o+ nn+ennek+yanrnrx
nokymennn.
o poenn nonnqonnn ne cymec+nonano a6c+pak+nrx npnnnnnon npemennon
oprannsannn mysrkn; rpnropnanckoe nenne camo 6rno +on o6nac+rm, re .+n npnnnnnr
nannnann kpnc+annnsona+rc. hornka nncen, ns ko+opon nynmne ymr cpenenekonr nr+anncr
nsnneka+r 6oec+nennre o+kponenn, ne nmeno na nnm nnac+n. Ono cnynno 6onee nrcokomy
an+opn+e+y cnmennomy Hncannm. Ono ne npoc+o anano ronoc cnmennrm cnonam kak
nrpaennm mrcnn, no nocc+anannnnano nsnananrnoe Cnono kak snynanne 6rno nmn+annen
ak+a +nopenn, 6oec+nennoro rxann, ko+oprm cosan mnp n mnponon nopok. H cosan
Focnor Bor nenoneka ns npaxa semnoro, n nynyn n nnne ero rxanne nsnn, n c+an nenonek
ymem nnom (Br+ne, 2:7). Bor nennnm, no ronoc Ero moe+ 6r+r ycnrman. 3+nm ronocom
On an nmm Bakon, n +em e ronocom n ckasan Bor nananocr n nponnranocr
+nopenne.
Takoe npec+annenne xapak+epno n mnornx pennnx pennrnn. Mapnyc Enanep nnme+
n c+a+re Hpnmn+nnna mysrka:

B cne+e npec+annennn o snyke kak nepnonananrnon cy6c+annnn mnpa, snynama
cnonnnecka nonoc+r... nne+c ne +onrko nc+onnnkom mysrkanrnoro noxnonenn,
no n nc+onnnkom Tnopenn. B knnre "Religion und Mythologie der Uitoto" Preuss
nnme+:

Cymec+nye+ neka neo6rcnnma cy6c+annn... Mnp nosnnk, kora Bor kocnync
.+on npnspannon cy6c+annnn n kpenko epan e sa npnspannym nn+r, ko+opa
npoxonna F0.0@ /=X+230 0E- .*+...*

H+o6r nponsnec+n snyk, neo6xonmo ycnnne. ...Bna ns onr+a, n+o karn
+nopnecknn ak+ +pe6ye+ cocpeo+onenn n ycnnn, pennne nnnnckne qnnocoqr
npnmnn k nee kocmnneckon ep+nr. Cornacno nx ynennm, mnp nosnnk ns nroxa
cne+a-snyka, +penne (ep+nonpnnomenne) ko+oporo noponno 6oron n snsr n,
nakonen, pacmnpnnocr n ma+epnm... Ananornnnrm o6pasom noc+ynae+ noc+mnnc
acke+, npenarammnn n ep+ny cno rxanne nsnn n nennn nnn penn+nponannn ns
nonoc+n cnoero cepna n nrknx. [8]

pennne saknnna+enrnre qopmynr n cnmennre +ekc+r ne 6rnn no.snen. pennne
nenneckne rnmnr XV V nn. o n... 6rnn penn+annen o+prnkon Pnr Ber.

Xo+ onn n nmenym+c no.snen, npn nx anannse mr no mnornx cnynax
o6napynnaem o+cy+c+nne o6rnnon perynpnoc+n n nn+enrnoc+n cnoron, nnne
c+pok n n pn+me, ko+opa o6rnno acconnnpye+c c no.snen. [9]
<c+p. 350>
He npnnanen+ k no.snn n .+om cmrcne n penneenpencka Topa, na +ekc+r ko+opon
cnnaroranrnre kan+opr nmnponnsnponann cnon kan+nnnnnn. 3+n nocnenne npnsnam+c
6nnanmnmn npemec+nennnnamn pannexpnc+nancknx rnmnon, 6n6nenckne +ekc+r ko+oprx,,
nepeneennre na na+rnr, +ake 6rnn nnmenr no.+nneckon perynpnoc+n. dpasr .+nx +ekc+on
neonnakonre no npo+nnoc+n, c neperynpnon aknen+yannen 6rnn ennc+nennrm
qak+opom, onpeennmnm pncynok nonn rpnropnanckoro nenn.
Mono saknmnn+r, n+o nosnnkanmnn n pesynr+a+e pn+m camoe +pyno ynonnmoe
cnonc+no rpnropnanckoro nenn pasn+enrno o+nnnanc o+ +oro +nna npemennon oprannsannn,
ko+opa o6rnno cnn+ae+c cnennqnnnon n mysrkn. Becr ne 6rno nnnero, n+o noxonno 6r
na nepapxnneckym rpynnnponky nckpe+nrx cn+nrx ennnne 6onee kpynnre ennc+na
perynpno non+opmmnxc +ak+on n nepnoon. Hoo6no pennen enpenckon kan+nnnnnn,
cno6o no nmnponnsannonnrm nc+ynn+enrnrm pasenam .+E3 (+5+7) n >+A->+ (/+4*E+X),
pannexpnc+nancknm rnmnam npncyma nna npemenna oprannsann, ko+opon nyr
pannomepnre pn+mr mara, packannnann nnn npamenn, cnsannre c nnennmn
nenoneneckoro +ena n pyrnmn qnsnnecknmn nponeccamn.
Hx npemennon nopok onpeene+c rxannem nponnennem n pn+mom camon
nsnn, ko+oprn nnkora ne non+ope+c n +onnoc+n, neoc+ynen konnnec+nennomy
nrpaennm n c+npae+ pasnnnne mey yxonnrm n qnsnnecknm. (ae n namn nn n noxnany
mysrkan+y ronop+, n+o n ero ncnonnennn mysrka rmn+, a C+pannncknn ncnr+rnan
an+nna+nm k oprany, nockonrky, ronopnn on, .+o+ monc+p ... ne rmn+.)
C nponsnecennem cnon rxanne c+anonn+c ronocom. 3+o nponcxon+ npn nroxe
ep+nennom ocno6oennn yxa, nnenmr (rpeneckoe cnono, osnanammee nosyx, ymy nnn
yx; pycckoe cnono rxanne +ake .+nmonornneckn poc+nenno cnonam yma n yx).
Brox nonna, n +akon e nnnapnan+nrn kon+yp menonnecknx qpas. Boxn o6pasym+
naysr, momen+r o+rxa, ec+ec+nennre nesypr mey qpasamn. Hpo+nnoc+r qpas,
onpeenema cnonecnrm +ekc+om, a +em camrm n nnna menonnecknx nonn, noc+onno
mene+c. 3+n nonnr nonnmam+c, kone6nm+c mey nonrmennmn n nonnennmn,
nonpknnammnmn oco6o nanre cnona, nnora saepnnam+c na o+enrnrx cnorax,
pacmnp nx mennsmamn, n onyckam+c k saknmnn+enrnomy +ony qnnanncy.
dnnannc ne o6sa+enrno connaae+ c nananrnrm +onom menonn. H, xo+ +eopn
+npo yc+anannnnae+ nonoenne qnnannca n
<c+p. 351>
kaom ns nocrmn nepkonnrx naon, na npak+nke menon moe+ oc+anonn+rc nnn
sanepmn+rc n na pyrom +one. Bonee +oro, n cnom nnennn ona nepeko moynnpye+ ns
onoro naa n pyron, n npenocxnmenne saknmnn+enrnoro +ona cnsano c neynepennoc+rm n
neonpeennnoc+rm. Tak rpnropnanckoe nenne nocnpnnnmae+c cnyma+enem, nrn cnyxonre
nanrkn cqopmnponanncr no nnnnnem knaccnneckon mysrkn n mysrkanrnon nornkn,
npnnrkmnn opnen+npona+rc no +onnke o+npannomy nynk+y connnenn nnn ero nac+n,
ko+oprm npeonpeenn ero nynk+ nasnanenn.
B o+nnnne o+ .+on npeyc+anonnennon nornkn +onanrnon cnc+emr, menonneckoe
nnenne n o+kpr+om sr6kom none moanrnoc+n +eneonornnno. O+ nero onam+ ne
nosnpamenn ncn+r, k nanany, a nnenn k npenync+nyemon, no neneomon nenn n
6yymem. B cnom cnmnonnneckom snanennn ono nponnennnanrno .+o mysrkanrnoe
nonnomenne .cxa+onornneckon yc+pemnnnoc+n k ocymec+nnennm o6e+onann.
B mnpe nepr ocymec+nnenne o6e+onann oc+nrae+c ne nocpec+nom cosna+enrno
nnannpyemrx enc+nnn; ono npnxon+ camo n nonoennoe npem. H no+omy nenonek,
npno6mammnnc k cnmnonnneckon peanrnoc+n rpnropnanckoro nenn, ne c+apae+c
ne+epnennno npeyrarna+r ero saknmnn+enrnrn +on n ne ymae+ o ero c+pyk+ypnom
nopke.
Takoe o+nomenne k nnennm mysrkn no npemenn npncyme ne +onrko
xpnc+nanckomy cpenenekonrm. hm6on snyk, nknmnnnrn n men+annm, nmenye+c nn on
mysrkon nnn ne+, nsrnae+ k nap+n-nnnannn, a ne k o6rek+nnnomy na6nmennm, k
yc+panennm ymc+nennrx coc+onnn, a ne k mrcnn+enrnon ak+nnnoc+n, npenonarae+
norpyenne, a ne mannnynnponanne; 6r+ne, a ne e+enrnoc+r. Bpem ero nsnn npem,
nrnnemoe nm, c+anonn+c ennc+nennon peanrnoc+rm noc+onno npncy+c+nymmnm
cennac, +ekyna nenpeprnnoc+r ko+oporo ne snae+ nnemnnx opnen+npon, nnnero,
noxoero na ce+ky onpoc+panc+nnennoro nn+ennek+yanrnoro npemenn, pekon 6es 6eperon.
Ha o6men ocnone +akoro cnoco6a nocnpn+n nmn enponencknx cpennx nekon n
Boc+oka mornn non+r pyr pyra. n ncex nnx mysrka neo+ennma o+ ronoca n
nponsnomero ero rxann .+oro ec+ec+nennoro nponnenn nsnn, 6eckonennoro
cnnpanrnoro pn+ma cymec+nonann, cnmennoro ak+a, cynmero nocc+anonnenne nny+pennen
nenrnoc+n n nenoneke, ero ennc+na c mnpom.
Konnennn nada, sanmc+nonanna nnonesnnnamn ns nnycckon Hora mac+pa,
npenonarae+ nmenno .+o: Na npana, kocmnnecka .neprn, nonynaema nepes rxanne, Da
Arnn, 6ornn orn.
<c+p. 352>
Mysrka, poammac n cepne n ncxoma ns nero, .+o rxanne nsnn,
coennnnoe c ornm nsnn. Taka mysrka ne o6sa+enrno npenasnanena n nenn, no ona
onna coo+nocn+rc c ronocom n ynpann+rc rxannem. Kak cnne+enrc+nye+ Focnamn,
...Mr nepnm, n+o .monnonanrnoe nosenc+nne menonn nennkom onpeene+c
cnonamn necnn nx cmrcnom n nokanrnon nn+onannen. Hnc+pymen+r nsam+ +onrko
rnacnre, n n .+om coc+on+ cymec+no a6conm+non mysrkn. E pesynr+a+
nonrmenn n nonnenn nrco+r snyka n nx nopok nocn+ nnc+o
nn+ennek+yanrnrn xapak+ep, n no+omy mysrka, nponsnonma nnc+pymen+amn,
nmenye+c cyxnm nnc+pymen+annsmom.
Hnnncka mysrka, 6yynn no npnpoe cnoen nokanrnon, npenonn+ae+ nnmr +e
nnc+pymen+r, ko+opre no snynannm npn6nnam+c k nenoneneckomy ronocy.
Hnc+pymen+r onnr ronopn+r, non+opm+ namn mysrkan+r. O6 nnc+pymen+ax,
necnoco6nrx nocnponsnec+n .qqek+ nenoneneckoro ronoca, namn mysrkanrnre
+pak+a+r npene6pen+enrno nmenym+ Sushkam Vadyam (cyxon nnc+pymen+annsm).
[10]

Tpannnonno, kn+ancknn nnnr ne ncnonrsye+c n akkomnanemen+a nennm nnn n
nmn+annn nenoneneckoro ronoca. B nm camom n n ero snynannx nn+ nmn+annm ncenennon,
n pasnnnnre nac+n nnn, kak n pasnnnnre +nnr ero snynannn, coo+ne+c+nym+ nanrm
acnek+am kn+anckon kocmonornn. Ho nnnnomy cnne+enrc+ny Tonra mac+epa nrpr na nnne
n ynnoro, n n nckycc+ne nnn, n n kocmonornn rxanne +ake nrpae+ pemammym ponr.
Hepeonanne npemn roa, nepemenr noror, poc+ n ymnpanne, mopckne nonnr, npnnnnr n
o+nnnr nc .+o rxanne npnpor, noc+ynr rapmonnsonannoro Kocmoca. Kora
rapmonnnnoe pannonecne napymae+c, pn+m rxann npnpor c6nnae+c: nosnnkam+
semne+pcenn, +anqynr, rono, .nnemnn n nnre c+nxnnnre 6ec+nn.
Kak nocpennk n men+annn, nnnr cnsrnae+ ne6eca, cnmnonnsnpyemre nrnyknon
nepxnen ekon, co snynannem qnaone+on; semnm c nnockon nnnen ekon, nosnrmennem
noc+ankn, noo6non ropnon rpe, n snynannem o+kpr+rx c+pyn; nenoneneckym npnpoy,
c onep+annmn ero kopnyca n dpnka+nnnrm snykom, nponsnonmrm ckonrennem nanrna
nonr c+pynr.
Bnyk +ne+c, nnora nrxo sa npeenr cnrmnmoro, c+onrko e, ckonrko
npoonae+c nox n nrox nrpammero: rxanne coc+anne+ ncknmnn+enrno nanrn
.nemen+ o6ynenn n nrpr na nnne. Ero pn+m onn ns pn+mon npnpor cponn
ynonennm ne+pa, ypnannm pynr, menec+y nnc+nr, kpnkam ypannen: on nepnonnen, no
neperynpen. H +ak e neperynpen pn+m qpas.
<c+p. 353>
Mysrkan+ rmn+ menenno, n nrpa na nnne em 6onee samene+ +emn ero rxann
n cepna, +em camrm ynnn nsnr nrpammero. Kn+annr nep+, n+o ncnonnn+enn na nnne n
monaxn, nponsnocmne cnon monn+nr c rny6oknm menennrm rxannem, nny+ onrme
pyrnx nmen.
ae n neko+oprx +pannnonnrx ancam6nx Boc+oka conmec+na nrpa
koopnnnpye+c ne cn+om, a rxannem.

Onn ns nnon nonckon nopnonon mysrkn, raraky, ncnonne+c rpynnon
mysrkan+on, cnmnx napannenrnrmn pamn n rnmnx npmo nepe co6on. O6mee
cornacne oc+nrae+c ny+m rn6koro, ec+ec+nenno connaammero rxann. Onn
rma+ n no+omy nrpam+ kak 6onee nnn menee ennoe oprannneckoe nenoe, n
npnnrnnoe n nac nanpenne nacnnrc+nennon cnnxponnoc+n secr o+cy+c+nye+.
[11]

Cn+y ne+ mec+a n n nrpe ancam6nen 6apa6anon Bananon Aqpnkn. Pncynok
pn+mnneckoro noca, nosnnkammnn n pesynr+a+e komnnemen+apnon nonnqonnn pn+mon,
yc+anannnnae+c neymnm, ncxo ns pn+ma nponsnocnmon cnmennon qopmynr.
Hoo6na oprannnnoc+r pn+ma xapak+epna n n pyrnx napoon Aqpnkn. Bn.knnr
nnme+ o6 aqpnkanckom nnemenn nena:

B mysrkanrnon cnc+eme nena nmenno pn+m o+nnnae+ necnm (u imba) o+ penn (u
amba), n no+omy cnona, penn+npyemre n npannnrnom pn+me, nmenym+c necnmn. H
C+pannncknn, n nena nac+annam+ na +om, n+o mysrka nknmnae+ nenoneka.
Hpannnrnrn pn+m mo+opa nnn nacoca moe+ kasa+rc noxonm na pn+m 6apa6ana, no
nena ne npnmy+ ero sa mysrky n ne 6yy+ +pony+r nm, no+omy n+o .+o+ pn+m ne
nponsnen nenocpec+nenno nenonekom... Mysrka nena ocnonana na pn+mnnnrx
nnennx ncero +ena... H, kora mr samenaem naysy mey nym yapamn 6apa6ana,
nam cneye+ non+r, n+o 6apa6anmnk ne o+rxae+: karn yap .+o nac+r o6mero
nnenn ero +ena, n xoe ko+oporo pyka nnn nanonka yape+ no koe 6apa6ana. [12]

Bn.knnr onpeene+ coc+onne nrpammnx kak nonnym nornomnnoc+r
'Bnenpemennrm Cennac Boec+nennoro yxa", ncnesnonenne "" n 6r+nn. H +akono e
coc+onne +oro, n koro mysrka neo+ennma o+ ero rxann n ero nnenn, c+anonmnxc
ronocom n snynannem.
Mrkne yckonrsammne nn6pannn mnkonrx c+pyn nnn, pn+mo-menonneckoe
kpyeno nnnnckon parn, mnoropycnre pn+mr nnonesnnckoro ramenana, 6eckonennrn
pn+mnnecknn opnamen+ yapnrx ancam6nen Aqpnkn nr+nnnrn noc+oponnnn na6nma+enr
moe+ cnec+r peannsannmn +ex nnn nnrx c+pyk+yp. Ho camn mysrkan+r n nx ayn+opnn ne
snam+ nnkaknx c+pyk+yp mrcnennrx
<c+p. 354>
npoc+panc+nennrx konc+pyknnn, ko+opre mory+ nnmr npeonpeennnrm o6pasom
pasnep+rna+rc no npemenn. n nnx mysrka .+o marn cnmnonnneckon +pancqopmannn,
peannsann nx nc+nnnoro 6r+n.
C+one+nmn sakonrna mysrky n kopce+ ncenosmonrx c+pyk+yp n qopm, mr nc
em ronopnm o e nnennn n rxannn. Pasymee+c, rmn+ n nnrae+c ne cama mysrka, a
nenonek, cnymammnn e. H noka nenonek, ne nea +oro, cmemnnae+ co6c+nennre omymenn
n enc+nn c mysrkanrnrm snynannem, nepe nnm o+kpr+a nosmonoc+r nny+pennero
onnmenn, nocc+anonnenn nenrnoc+n n ennc+na c mnpom, onr+a, c+onr xopomo
snakomoro enponennam nepnoro +rcnene+n n... n xpann+enm pennnx +pannnn n c+panax
Boc+oka n n pyrnx nac+x cne+a.
&,8O022=; A-4>-4
Onr+ nnenpemennoro, c+poro ronop, ne nne+c ncknmnn+enrnon npepora+nnon
mysrkn. On cony+c+nye+ men+a+nnnrm coc+onnm, oc+nraemrm pasnnnnrmn ny+mn;
mysrka nnmr onn ns nnx. H, nockonrky +akne coc+onn cnnmam+ onnosnnnm cy6rek+-
o6rek+, menym men+annn 6yr +o snyk, cnono, o6pas nnn nnenne nepec+a+
nocnpnnnma+rc kak nnemn qnsnnecka peanrnoc+r.
Mysrka, nmenyema nckycc+nom, ne nnmae+c o6rek+nnnoro 6r+n ae n
cnyma+en nnn mysrkan+a, rny6oko nornomnnoro em. Ona oc+a+c o6rek+om
.c+e+nneckoro cosepnann n, n+o em nanee, nrpaennem o6rek+nnannen,
ma+epnannsonannon npoeknnen nync+nonannn, omymennn, o6pasnrx npec+annennn n nen.
H+ nn penr o6 o+enrnom nponsneennn nnn nenom nc+opnneckom c+nne, ona
pasnp+rnae+c nepe mrcnennrm nsopom cnyma+en kak cnona nnamnnna kap+nna
nn+erpanrnrn cnmnon nny+pennero mnpa annon kynr+ypr, ee co6c+nennrn o6pas.
O6pas mnpa, cosanaemrn mysrkon, o6naae+ onpeennnrmn nsmepennmn. Kak
samenae+ Bn.knnr,

nmenno no+omy, n+o mysrka cnoco6na cosana+r nekne mnpr nnp+yanrnoro npemenn,
Fyc+an Manep ronopnn, n+o ona moe+ nec+n nac n nnon mnp n mnp, re nemn
6onee ne nonnac+nr npemenn n npoc+panc+ny. [13]
<c+p. 355>
Cosanne nnp+yanrnoro npemenn, onennno, osnanae+ nnmr ocno6oenne o+
o6rennrx npemenn n npoc+panc+na, nockonrky nne .+nx nsmepennn ne moe+ 6r+r nn
peanrnoro, nn noo6paaemoro mnpa.
Ho mnp, o6rek+nnnponannrn n mysrke, ne ncera 6rn npoeknnen nnnnoro nnenn,
ko+oprm xapak+epnsye+c poman+nnecknn nepno c ero nnnnnyannc+nnecknmn
npn+sannmn. C nc+opnneckon +onkn spenn, mysrka .+o ncera nno konnek+nnnrx
+nopnecknx ycnnnn n e cnmnonnnecka nennoc+r onpeene+c o6mnm kynr+ypnrm
nacnenem, nnennnnrmn c+nnnc+nnecknmn kanonamn n +em, n+o nasrnae+c "yxom npemenn".
C+nnr cam no ce6e .+o ckpr+rn nnnapnan+ o6pasa kynr+ypr, nonynammnn n mysrke +rcnn
konkpe+nrx peannsannn.
Honnenne n XII neke npnma A+2*B4+ Q3.>B4+ (mnoro nose nonynnnmero .+o
nanmenonanne), ko+oprn 6onee, nem na n+r c+one+nn sann nanoe mec+o n enponenckon
nonnqonnn, 6rno cnmn+omom cymec+nennon nepemenr n ncnxonornneckon yc+anonke no
o+nomennm k mysrke. Pannnn cno6onrn n mennsma+nnecknn opranym, pasnnnmnnc n
mkonax Mapnnana n Ho+p-am (a sa+em n mo+e+ax XIIIXIV nekon, mnoronncnennrx meccax
n komnosnnnx pyrnx +nnon, nknmna neko+opre connnenn H.C.Baxa), c+ponnncr
nocpec+nom o6annenn onon, nyx nnn +px nonnnrx opnamen+nponannrx nnn
kon+panynk+nneckn paspa6o+annrx nap+nn k menonneckon qpase n nap+nn +enopa, ko+opa
sanmc+nonanacr ns rpnropnanckoro penep+yapa n nac+o coc+ona ncero ns neckonrknx no+
6onrmnx nn+enrnoc+en.
Coo+ne+c+nenno nasnannm nap+nn (tenere epa+r, noepnna+r), menon
kan+yca qnpmyca cnynna ckpennmmnm c+epnem n qynamen+om ncen komnosnnnn.
Hpennn menym ncenornomammen men+annn 6rn npenpamen n pamy, sannk
mnoroqnrypnon kap+nnr. Camoo+oec+nnenne co cmrcnom cnon n menonen
rpnropnanckoro necnonenn yc+ynnno mec+o 6naronec+nnomy cosepnannm cnmnonnneckoro
nmec+nnnma cnmennoro mnpa.
dpannyscknn mo+e+ XIII-XIV nekon cnyn+ kpacnopennnrm cnne+enrc+nom .+on
nepemenr mysrkanrnoro n yxonnoro kpyrosopa. Cno nanmenonanne on nonynnn 6naroap
npn6annennm cnon (mots) k nepxnnm nap+nm, ko+opre panee +onrko nokannsnponanncr. n
+enopa no-npenemy ns6npanacr menenna nn+yprnnecka menon c na+nncknm +ekc+om, no
nepxnne ronoca nepeko cna6anncr qpannyscknmn, nac+o c+nxo+nopnrmn +ekc+amn. Hx
nasnanennem 6rno ykpama+r n nocn+r nem, nonnomnnym n na-
<c+p. 356>
+nnckon qpase kan+yca qnpmyca cnyn+r cnoeo6pasnrm kommen+apnem k +esncy. B
pesynr+a+e +akoro cone+ann nocnpn+ne mo+e+a ne +onrko npenonarano nsnec+nym
nepcnek+nny, no cama .+a nepcnek+nna nonnacr. Onako npak+nneckn nepas6opnnna
memannna cnon nnkoro ne cmymana. Kak o6rcne+ Anek Xapman,

3+a mysrka n, qak+nneckn, nc mysrka npnmepno o 1600 roa ne npenasnananacr
n mnpokon ny6nnkn; .+o o+nocn+c kak k nn+yprnneckomy, +ak n k nnc+o cne+ckomy
mo+e+y. B nepnom cnynae nanrm 6rno n oc+a+c n co6opax n monac+rpx
monn+nennoe enc+no, nrpaennoe n qopme cny6r, a nonce ne npncy+c+nne nnn
o+cy+c+nne konrperannn. n xopnc+on n ae n camnx cnmennnkon +onka
+exnnka coennenn nyx nnn +px +ekc+on, ononpemenno nrpaammnx onn n +e e
nync+na, 6rna non+na n oc+annna rny6okoe yonne+nopenne. To e mono ckasa+r
n o cne+cknx mo+e+ax, ko+opre ncera connnnncr n ncnonnnncr n pacn+e na
kynr+ypnym .nn+y. [14]

Pasnnnne mey nn+yprnnecknm n cne+cknm mo+e+om 6rno, n ocnonnom,
qopmanrnrm: nepnrn mor ncnonn+rc n nepknn, a n+opon ne mor. O6 ycnonnoc+n .+oro
pasnnnn ronopn+ cymec+nonanne mo+e+on +pe+rero poa, n ko+oprx cone+anncr ne +onrko
na+rnr n pasronopnrn srk, no +ake cnmennre +ekc+r co cne+cknmn, a kon+panynk+om
rpnropnanckon menonn nnora cnynnn nonynpnre nanenr; rnmn ene Mapnn mor
conponoa+rc necnen o +ocke no nosnm6nennon. Conpemennnkn ne nnenn n .+om
komync+na.

Takoe cone+anne cnmennoro n cne+ckoro ne 6rno oco6ennoc+rm mysrkn, no+omy
n+o... mr naxonm +onnym napannenr n apxn+ek+ype +oro npemenn nnn, nepnee, n
ckynrn+ype, coc+annnmen neo+remnemym npnnanenoc+r nennnec+nennrx
ro+nnecknx co6opon, oc+nrmnx nennnanmero conepmenc+na no dpannnn n XIII neke...
dnrypr c+anonnnncr nenonenecknmn c ynr6ammnmnc nnnamn, cknonnnrmn
rononamn, nrpasn+enrnrmn pykamn, n oennx, nncnaammnx ec+ec+nennrmn
cknakamn. Hpen c+poroc+r cnmnonnnecknx nso6paennn enr Mapnn n
mnaenna Hncyca yc+ynnna mec+o snakomomy o6pasy ma+epn c pe6nkom;
nenoneneckoe c+ano o+paennem 6oec+nennoro... Xnno+nre, pac+enn,
mnqonornneckne nyonnma n qan+ac+nneckne, ae rpo+ecknre xnmepr
nonynmn-nonysnepn nrrnrnam+ ns yrnon nnn nrc+ynam+ ns c+en nrcoko na
rononon n cnapyn, n nny+pn co6opa.
C+pon+enn n mysrkan+r XIII neka ne nnenn nnnero nenoo6ammero nnn
nenon+n+enrnoro n coennennn cne+cknx o6pason co cnmennrmn, n kak ckynrn+ypa,
+ak n mo+e+ npec+annnn +o, n+o mono nasna+r nckycc+nom ananornn, n ko+opom
nepennann n nyeca .+oro mnpa nomorann non+r n o+nac+n o+pasn+r cnany
Bonm. [15]
<c+p. 357>
Cpenenekonoe mrmnenne n nenom n no ncex cnonx nac+x 6rno nponn+ano nemn
xpnc+nanc+na, nnme+ Xnsnnra n knnre Baka+ Cpennx nekon. [16] On ronopn+ o
xapak+epnon n +oro npemenn npnnynnnon cmecn acke+nsma n .po+nkn, nrpaenn
ko+oprx ononnncr o kpannoc+n n npno6pe+ann xapak+ep pn+yana. Oco6enno kpacnopennn
n .+om cmrcne ero pacckas o Fnnome e Mamo n ero "Le Livre du Voir-Dit", n ko+opon
mec+nec+nne+nnn npocnannennrn no.+ n mysrkan+ ncnonernanc n cnoen nm6nn k mnon
Heponenne 'Apmen+rep.

B Voir-Dit Mamo pennrn n nm6onr nepememanr c nc+nnnrm 6ecc+rc+nom. Hac
ne onen moknpona+r +o+ qak+, n+o an+op 6rn kanonnkom nepknn n Penmce, no+omy
n+o n cpenne neka monaxn nnsmnx panron, ko+opre mornn c+anonn+rc kanonnkamn
(He+papka 6rn onnm ns nnx), ne onnr 6rnn co6nma+r a6conm+noe nenomypne.
He 6rno ncknmnn+enrnrm n +o o6c+o+enrc+no, n+o nanomnnnec+no c+ano nonoom
n nm6onnon nc+penn... Hopasn+enrno +o, n+o Mamo, .+o+ ceprsnrn n +onknn no.+,
cnn+ae+ cno nanomnnnec+no necrma 6naronec+nnrm. ... On non+ope+ monn+nr n
cay, ona nosnm6nennym. On cnann+ en nop+pe+, kak cnoero Bora na semne.
Bc+yna n nepkonr n en+nnennon monn+nr (novene), on knn+c n karn ns
en+n nen connnn+r no c+nxo+nopennm o nosnm6nennon, n+o ne memae+ emy
y+nepa+r, n+o on monnnc c nennknm apom, (c. 67, 123-124)

Bnaronec+ne n c+pac+r, nnam nepr n nync+nennrn .kc+as nepememnnanncr n
cnmennom mnpe nenoneka, nnmero na rpannne cpenenekonr n pannero Peneccanca.
Mnc+epnn, npec+annnmne n pama+nneckon qopme nn+yprnm, .nnsor ns Hncann n
n+nn cn+rx pasrrprnanncr na prnonnrx nnomax c ncnonrsonannem 6r+onoro
pasronopnoro srka n o6nnnem nnrx, nnora rpy6o na+ypannc+nnecknx nopo6noc+en. B
nnonncnrx nono+nax n +pnn+nxax +oro npemenn nnenn Pa, Aa, Hnc+nnnma n
C+pamnoro Cya kaoe n cnom, ne ncera n+ko o+rpannnennom nonpoc+panc+ne
cocec+nym+ c xnmepnnecknmn qnrypamn, kap+nnamn semnrx nacnaennn n c+paannn.
dnsnnecknn n mrcnennrn nsop, ko+opomy mnp npec+anan +aknm, ne 6rn
nnnnnyanrnrm: ono+onenna nepcnek+nna nonnnacr mnoro nose. Mnp nnenc rnasamn
o6mnnr, n o6pas ero ne sanncen o+ cnynannoro nonoenn na6nma+en-xyonnka: o+ nero
onann nso6paenn peanrnoc+n +akon, kakon ona npec+anana n cne+e nepr.
Honrsycr +ak nasrnaemon o6pa+non nepcnek+nnon ne cxomenc, a
pacxomenc n nanpannennn na6nma+en, c+apre mac+epa nso6paann acnek+r
npeme+on, ne nnnmre c onon qnk-
<c+p. 358>
cnponannon +onkn, no o+kpr+re n mnorornason o6mnnr. Onn npn6erann n k
6nyammen nepcnek+nne, ko+opym Bep+ananqn onncrnae+ kak nponecc cnmnonnsannn
nnenn no npemenn npn nomomn npoc+panc+nennrx npec+annennn.

Hanpnmep, n kap+nnax c+aprx ronnannen c nso6paennem c+pac+en Xpnc+a na
nepenem nnane mono nne+r nepnre oc+anonkn kpec+noro ny+n 6nnenanne n
nosnoenne +epnonoro nenna, sa+em, n neko+opom o+anennn, necenne kpec+a n,
nakonen, nann xonm Fonroqr c +pem pacn+rmn. Hy+r c+anonn+c cnmnonom
npemennon nocneona+enrnoc+n. [17]

Oco6rn cnoco6 nocnpn+n n npec+annenn npeme+on no mnoec+ne conmemennrx
npoc+panc+nennrx, npemennrx n cnmnonnnecknx nepcnek+nn ne +onrko o+pasnnc n
nonn+ekc+onom n nonnmenonneckom cknae mo+e+a, no, n 6onee mnpokom n a6c+pak+nom
nnane, onpeennn camrn npnnnnn nonnqonnneckoro c+nn.
Hpnnncrnanne rpnropnanckomy nennm n nckycc+ny kon+panynk+a cnc+emr nocrmn
cemnc+ynennrx naon, ynacneonannon o+ rpeneckon an+nnnoc+n n o6cyanmenc
mnoec+nom an+opon c VI o XVI neka, o+ Bo.nn o Fnapeana, n snann+enrnon mepe
nne+c nnoom +eope+nnecknx ymospennn. Fyc+an Pns nnn+ secr nonr+ky nacnnrno
nansa+r .+y cnc+emy snykopon n naon macce mysrkn, ko+opa cosananacr n
cymec+nonana nesanncnmo o+ ne. [18]
B enc+nn+enrnoc+n mysrka ne connnnacr ncxo ns saannrx a6c+pak+nrx
snykopon n nn+epnanon; ona onnpanacr na +onr n menonneckne qopmynr n nanasone
knap+r nnn knnn+r, ko+opre Apn6o Cxonac+nk paccop+nponan n knaccnqnnnponan n XI
neke. Hs nocrmnec+n menonnecknx qopmyn on ncknmnnn nana+r nocemr kak
neyno+pe6nmre, y+nepa, n+o oc+anmnxc oc+a+onno n nm6on npak+nneckon
neo6xonmoc+n.

H+o kacae+c ncnonrsonann naon n kanec+ne +onanrnon ocnonr nonnqonnnecknx
komnosnnnn, +o mr ne pacnonaraem kaknmn-nn6o cnne+enrc+namn cnc+ema+nnnoro
o6pamenn c nnmn o konna XV c+one+n, kora qnamancka mkona nosponna
nn+epec k rpnropnanckon +pannnn n cnmennon mysrke. Komnosnnnn XIV neka
oco6enno npnmena+enrnr cnoen +onanrnon cno6oon... B .+om cmrcne nn+epecno
o+me+n+r, n+o +onrko n XVI neke komnosn+opr nanann cosana+r nonnqonnneckne
connnenn n onpeennnrx naax n n+o o6osnanenn npoe toccata primi toni
nc+penam+c ne panee 1550 roa (Anpea Fa6pn.nn). Tnnk+opnc, ko+oprn, no-
nnnmomy, nepnrm nsynan nar n cnsn c nonnqonnnecknmn komnosnnnmn,.,
saknmnnn, n+o na moe+ yc+anannnna+rc no o+nomennm ne ko ncen komnosnnnn, no
+onrko k e o+enrnrm nap+nm... Ananornnnrm o6pasom Fna-
<c+p. 359>
pean n cnonx 6nec+mnx anannsax connnennn Xockena n pyrnx komnosn+opon
("Dodecachordon") nnkora ne ronopn+ o nae nonnqonnneckon komnosnnnn n nenom,
no +onrko o naax pasnnnnrx nokanrnrx nap+nn.19

Taknm o6pasom, o XVI neka mysrke 6rna neneoma enna n o6ma +onanrna
oprannsann. Mnoec+nennoc+r e nepcnek+nn nnnmoe nponnenne +oro, n+o kpoe+c na
6onee rny6okom yponne n camon nee nonnqonnn: cocymec+nonanne ne +onrko nsanmno
nesanncnmrx menonnecknx nnnnn, no n nx nesanncnmrx +ononrx nonen.
Kaa nap+n nonnqonnneckon komnosnnnn cosa+ cno co6c+nennoe none
+ro+ennn n yc+anannnnae+ oco6ym nepcnek+nny c e co6c+nennrm nen+pom. Kaa
saknmnena n cnom cnennqnneckom moanrnom npoc+panc+ne, noo6nom nonpoc+panc+nam n
nnonncn nosnero cpenenekonr n pannero Peneccanca.
Tpak+onka nonnqonnnecknx nap+nn komnosn+opamn cno ykasrnae+ na ne
oco6ennoc+n. Bo-nepnrx, cosna+enrno nnn 6eccosna+enrno, onn c+ann o+nocn+rc k nx
+ema+nneckomy ma+epnany kak k onosnanaemrm npoc+panc+nennonoo6nrm o6rek+am
onpeennnrx onep+annn n pasmepon. Bo-n+oprx, +ononoe npoc+panc+no, sannmaemoe .+nmn
o6rek+amn, ne 6rno nn a6conm+nrm, nn nenonnnrm.
Hnnepcnn, npmre n pakoxonre o6pamenn, ynennnenn n ymenrmenn
+ema+nnecknx o6pasonannn 6rnn nmenno nrpon (ecnn ne ckasa+r, onrnnponannem)
mysrkanrnrmn o6rek+amn n nx oco6rx npoc+panc+nax. B kaon nap+nn, nesanncnmo o+
nponnx, +ema+nsm mor nepenopannna+rc nnepx noramn, n+n+rc o+ konna k nanany,
cnma+rc nnn pac+rnna+rc. Pasymee+c, nc .+o nocnno nnc+o qopmanrnrn xapak+ep n ne
coo+ne+c+nonano nnnemy sa npeenamn mysrkn, ecnn ne ronopn+r o e spn+enrnom o6pase n
no+annn.
He 6es nnnnn cxonac+nneckon mrcnn no rnane c domon Aknnncknm, mysrkan+r
6rnn cknonnr nne+r cnom nrcmym saany n nosneennn mysrkanrnrx konc+pyknnn.
Cnonc+na c+pon+enrnoro ma+epnana 6rnn nm non+n 6espasnnnnr. O+ +ema+nsma ne onann
nrpasn+enrnoc+n, opnrnnanrnoc+n nnn npnnneka+enrnoc+n.
Hepeko .+o 6rna soggetto cavato, +o ec+r nrpesanna +ema, nonynanmac
conepmenno 6eccmrcnennrm, c mysrkanrnon +onkn spenn, ny+m. Hocneona+enrnoc+r no+
onpeennacr nopkom rnacnrx, nrpesannrx ns kakoro-nn6o nmenn nnn qpasr.
Hocpec+nom conrmnsannonnrx cnoron Fnno Ape+nnckoro, nm "Hercules Dux Ferrarie"
npenpa+nnocr nepes re, ut, re; ut; re, fa, mi, re n
<c+p. 360>
+emy d-c-d-c-d-f-d meccr Xockena e Hpe. dpasa "Vive le roi" c+ana +emon +enopa c-e-c-d-d-
g-e n ero e nnc+pymen+anrnon koponannonnon nrece. Hepnre cnona mo+e+a Okerema "Ut
heremita solus" nocnynnn nc+onnnkom ero +emr c-d-e-g, n +ak anee.
O6naenna nocneona+enrnoc+r nrco+, nanecenna na 6ymary, nepeko 6rna
ennc+nennrm nocnoprem nennon n nnc+pymen+annc+on, ko+opre nmnponnsnponann na .+on
ocnone nonnqonnneckym c+pyk+ypy, pykonoc+nycr cnonecnrmn, nac+o naponn+o
.nnrma+nnecknmn nnc+pyknnmn komnosn+opa.

Fnnom e Mamo mor connnn+r rondeau +ekc+ n mysrky; mysrka coc+on+ ns
ennc+nennon no+non c+pokn, a n no.+nneckom +ekc+e o6rcne+c, kak ns .+nx
neckonrknx no+ noc+pon+r nenym +pexronocnym nrecy. On nannnae+c cnonamn: "Ma
fin est mon commencement" mon konen ec+r mo nanano, +o ec+r, nepxnnn ronoc
onen 6r+r +onnrm pakoxonrm nsnoennem +emr +enopa. anee n +ekc+e
ronopn+c: "Mo +pe+r necnr +pnr o6opannnae+c nokpyr ce6 n +ak
sakannnnae+c" n+o +pe6ye+ pakoxonoro kanona n +pe+rem ronoce, n +ak anee...

...B nosnem cpenenekonre sarakn 6rnn nanrm .nemen+om .so+epnneckoro
o6menn mey nocnmennrmn npoqeccnonanamn n, n konennom cne+e, cnynnn
nc+onnnkom cne+cknx pasnnenennn. Mono onyc+n+r, n+o nx nens6enrm
cnec+nnem 6rn .nemen+ nrpr. Ho nosan ncex .+nx mysrkanrnrx noenok n nx
mnqponannrx onncannn neana nc+nnno ro+nnecka ne cosann nponsneenn
nckycc+na ns ennoro poc+ka, ncknmnammero nc nnemnee, neoprannnnoe, cnynannoe,
nponsnonrnoe, n enanma mysrkan+on coynac+nnkamn +nopneckoro nponecca. [20]

3+a paoc+na nrpa-nmnponnsann napanrma +nopnec+na peneccancnoro
pemecnennnka-mac+epa 6rna cno6ona o+ nnemnnx coo6paennn n ynpannnacr nnc+o
mysrkanrnrmn nmnynrcamn. Ecnn e nonnqonnneckne snynamne co6opr XIV-XVI
c+one+nn nponsno+ non+n +akoe e cnnrnoe nnena+nenne, kak camn ro+nneckne co6opr,
qopmr ko+oprx, kak same+nn Kyp+ Bakc, onnr 6rnn cena+r nnon nx konc+pyknnm o+
qynamen+a o konnnka mnnn, [21] +o o6rcne+c .+o +em, n+o n +e, n pyrne
cosanananncr n nocnpnnnmanncr n nensmepnmo 6onee o6mnpnom n rny6oko snannmom
kon+ekc+e. Onn cnynnn cnmnonnnecknm nrpaennem nsnennon 6opr6r nenoneka n
cnmennom kocmoce n mnpe, cosannom nepon, na apene 6eckonennon, nceo6remnmmen
yxonnon pamr.

Cnnpn+yannsm .+o pennrnosno-pama+nnecka konnennn, n ko+opon necr mnp
nonon 6opr6r snrx n o6prx nanan, re nocxoenne o+
<c+p. 361>
ma+epnn, semnn-kamnen-pac+ennn-nno+nrx k nenoneky-yme n k yxyn6oryne6y n
o6pa+noe nncxoenne, re 6opr6a nocxoenn n nncxoenn n kaom nnennn,
+ene, cymec+ne npec+anne+ peanrnoe coepanne mnpa.
...Bepxnee npoc+panc+no cenanocr cnmennrm, nrcoknm, nno+nopmnm
npoc+panc+nom, a nnnee+mnrm, nemomnrm, mep+nmnm... Hpoc+panc+no secr
nonnmae+c ne kak npoc+a qnsnnecka npo+nnoc+r c +pem onnakonoro
snanenn nsmepennmn. Bepx n nns secr ne reome+pnneckne +onkn o+nocn+enrno
nenoneka, no a6conm+nre, nensmennre +onkn ne6ecnoro n semnoro. Cam nenonek
onpeene+c nonoennem mey nepxom n nnsom. nnenne nnepx n nnns .+o ne
npoc+o mexannneckoe nepememenne, a nnenne k oyxo+nopnnoc+n nnn k
ma+epnannsannn... Pan-ne6o, nnc+nnnme-semn, a nosemnrn mnp .+o n
cnnpn+yannc+nneckom mnponosspennn peanrnoe yc+ponc+no ncenennon.
Mnoroqokycnoc+r, necnennoc+r k onon +onke spenn npoc+panc+na...
onpeennacr ne nesnannem nepcnek+nnr, a nenpnsnannem nen+panrnoro
reome+pnneckoro npoc+panc+na, npoc+panc+na, nnmennoro pennrnosnon ceman+nkn,
nonnnnnoro nync+nennomy rnasy....
B nonnqonnn ronoca em ne nnna, a kocmnneckne cnnr. [22]

Cnmnonnnecknm apxe+nnom +akoro npoc+panc+na cnyn+ 6n6nencka hec+nnna
Hakona: ...no+, nec+nnna c+on+ na semne, a nepx e kacae+c ne6a; n no+, Anrenr Bonn
nocxo+ n nncxo+ no nen (Br+ne, 28:12). B ma+epnannsannx npoc+panc+na cnmennoro
kocmoca cymec+nenno 6rno +onrko nep+nkanrnoe nsmepenne, naennnoe oco6rm
cnmnonnnecknm cmrcnom. Bocnpnnnmaemre nnnnnyanrnrm nync+nennrm rnasom rny6nna
npoc+panc+na, 6nnsoc+r nnn yannnoc+r npeme+on necymec+nennr n nkonorpaqnn,
cpenenekonon n pannen peneccancnon nnonncn; nx npoc+panc+nennrn cnon o6naae+
mnnnmanrnon rny6nnon.
B snynannn nonnqonnneckon mysrkn ne+ ae namka na rny6nnnoe nsmepenne. Bce
ronoca nea+ n nny+c n onon n +on e akyc+nneckon nnockoc+n. Bnykona +kanr
coc+on+ +onrko ns nepenne+ammnxc menonnecknx nnnnn. Hx rpaqnneckn n+knn pncynok
ne sa+emne+c nnnem, n+o noxonno 6r na sanonnenne, akkomnanemen+, qon, qnrypannn
nnn opnamen+. Hn ona ns nap+nn ne omnnnpye+ na oc+anrnrmn, nce onn onnakono nanr,
nepnee, nano nenoe, n cosannn ko+oporo ynac+nym+ nce ronoca, nonrsymmnec o6mnm
c+pon+enrnrm ma+epnanom, n n karn momen+ snynann pasnre qasr o6mero
+ema+nneckoro ma+epnana n pasnrx nap+nx npec+annenr ononpemenno.
B .+on +ekynen c+pyk+ype ne+ +akon qnkcnponannon +onkn, ko+opa morna 6r
cnyn+r opnen+npom. Bmec+o .+oro mnoec+no +aknx +onek pacceno na ncm npo+ennn
komnosnnnn +onek,
<c+p. 362>
ncnrxnnammnx n racnymnx +o n onon, +o n pyron nap+nn no mepe +oro, kak n nnx
nosnnkam+, npoxo+ n cnaam+ nonnamn nan6onee penreqnre nac+n +ema+nsma. H+o6r
cnen+r sa pasnp+rnannem kon+panynk+nneckon +kann, nyno conepmn+r nenosmonoe:
nonepemenno qnkcnpona+r nnnmannem mnoec+no yckonrsammnx +onek, ononpemenno
yepnna n nocnpn+nn nc nx cnne+enne. pyron ny+rn6npa+r ero
pacqokycnponannrm, o+kpr+rm nce-npnemnmmnm cnyxom n men+a+nnnom coc+onnn.
Pasnp+rnanne nonnqonnneckon mysrkn no npemenn cnoco6c+nye+ .+omy. C
qopmanrnon +onkn spenn ero mono npn6nnnno onpeenn+r kak nenr kanonnnecknx
napnannn. Onako, n o+nnnne o+ napnannn n c+nnx, xpononornneckn 6onee 6nnsknx k
namemy npemenn, .+o ne cepn mnnna+mp, no xapak+epy n c+pyk+ype kon+pac+npymmnx pyr
pyry, a mononn+noe ennc+no. Hesypr nonnm+c +onrko n o+enrnrx nap+nx,
nepekprnaemre cnn+nrm menonnecknm nnennem n pyrnx; o6mee nnenne nmn ne
npeprnae+c. Honnqonnnecka +kanr pasnp+rnae+c, o6rnno n menennom ponnom +emne,
onro n noc+enenno, pas6yxae+ n cnmae+c 6es nepeprnon nnn neonannrx cnnron. Tonrko
n konne ronoca o6rennm+c n nmec+e oc+anannnnam+c.
hanonoo6noe nonnqonnneckoe nnenne ne snae+ ennoro n ncex nap+nn
cnnxponnsnpymmero pn+mnneckoro nynrca, non+opmmnxc pn+mnnecknx qopmyn,
me+pnneckon oprannsannn, nosnnkmen nmec+e c +ak+onrmn nep+amn nnmr no 2-on nononnne
XVII neka. Karn ns ronocon nne+c ne +onrko n co6c+nennom moanrnom none, no n n
co6c+nennom npemenn, cno6onrn o+ nepapxnn cnnrnrx n cna6rx onen n eemrnonennon
cnnxponnsannn c oc+anrnrmn ronocamn.
Hon+ne qopmr, c+onr nanoe n mysrke nocnennx n+n c+one+nn, k
nponsneennm kon+panynk+nneckoro c+nn ena nn npnnonmo. Mr ne o6napynm n nnx
conoc+annennn kon+pac+nrx mysrkanrnrx nen, sakonnennrx nepnoon, .kcnosnnnn n
paspa6o+ok, penpns, cosammnx nnena+nenne nosnpamenn k nanany, n npnsnakon cnmme+pnn
.+on ocnonr knaccnneckon qopmr. Kynrmnnannm, oprannsymmnm knaccnneckym
apxn+ek+onnky, +ake ne naxon+c mec+a n nnc+o nonnqonnnecknx connnennx, kak ne+ n
nnx mec+a pama+nnecknm nepnne+nm, npnnnnam n o+nnnam .monnn.
Cnyma+enr okasrnae+c na orpomnom snykonom nna+o 6es cnrx rpannn n
opnen+npon, cnoco6nrx nomonr emy cnen+r sa nponeccom n naxon+r cno mec+o n nm.
Menee ncero .+o+ nponecc noxo na ny+r, neymnn ns onoro nynk+a n pyron, o+ onoro
coc+onn k pyromy. dak+nneckn ne nny+c nn mysrka, nn cny-
<c+p. 363>
ma+enr: o6a onn noko+c n nennom Hpncy+c+nnn n cnmennom kocmoce,
ma+epnannsyemom n snynannn, ko+opoe noc+enenno, cnonno 6nyammnm nynom,
o6pnconrnae+ ero.
)--C.+1+0>=0 5+2/P+Q*=
Onpeen+r nonnqonnm kak nc+opnnecknn c+nnr, a meccy n mo+e+ kak +nnnnnre n
nero qopmr mono nnmr n camom rpy6om npn6nnennn. 3+o+ c+nnr n cnonx nnc+rx
nponnennx nn+encnnno pasnnnanc c nanana XIV no konen XVI neka no dpannnn, H+annn,
Anrnnn, repmancknx semnx, Hcnannn n Hnepnanax +pyamn +aknx rnran+on, kak Mamo,
mqan, anc+e6nr, Okerem, Xocken e Hpe, Hsaak, Opnano hacco n Hanec+pnna. Honr+ka
onpeenn+r o6mee ennc+no .+oro momnoro +pxnekonoro nnac+a n mysrkanrno-
+eope+nnecknx non+nx ne nomorae+ noc+nrny+r nn cnennqnky konkpe+nrx
nonnqonnnecknx nnennn, nn nx o6mym yxonnym nonny.
Orpomna .konornnecka cnc+ema co mnoec+nom nnm, n ko+oprx nosnnkann n
pasnnnanncr pasnnnnre nannonanrnre +enenn n komnosn+opckne mkonr, n nenom
oc+ananacr nesr6nemon. Ocnonanna na cnmnonax, enanmnx cakpanrnrn kocmoc nnon
peanrnoc+rm n nrpaennem nenoneneckoro onr+a, .+a cnc+ema ne morna noc+enenno
nepepon+rc n nen+o npnnnnnnanrno nnoe. Ona morna nnmr pacnac+rc, yc+ynnn mec+o
nonon cnc+eme. To, n+o ceron nocxnmae+ nenn+enen mysrkn n c+apon nonnqonnn, .+o
okamenenrn oc+on nyc+re pakonnnr c nx nopasn+enrno cnonrmn rapmonnnnrmn
qopmamn, ysopamn n pacnne+kon: nckonaemre oc+ankn nnrx oprannsmon, nekora
oymennnnrx cmrcnom, +annmnx n ce6e rny6okne yxonnre nennoc+n.
Pasymee+c, kpymenne cakpanrnon ncenennon, nen+pom ko+opon 6rn Bor, n samena
e cne+cknm nsrnom na mnp nponsomnn ne nnesanno. Hpenec+n .+oro nanenmero
noopasena n nc+opnn enponenckon kynr+ypr mono nne+r ye n n+anrnckom mapnrane
XIV neka c ero nm6onnrmn cme+amn, .monnonanrnrmn nnn nync+nennrmn menonmn,
nrknmn pn+mamn n xopomo ap+nkynnponannrmn qopmamn; n ony6nnkonannom n 1435 roy
+pye heona Ba++nc+a Anr6ep+n o nepcnek+nne n nnonncn n n mnoroxopnrx .kcnepnmen+ax
cepennr XVI c+one+n. C pyron c+oponr, n +ene-
<c+p. 364>
nne onroro npemenn nocne nac+ynnenn nonon .noxn yx nonnqonnn coxpannc y Baxa.
O pacnae c+apon cnc+emr nennoc+en n nosnnknonennn nonon nosnec+nn p co6r+nn
konna XVI neka. Ono ns nnx o+kprnano nonre ny+n nepe mysrkanrnon nrpasn+enrnoc+rm
n nonnnno na nce nocneymmee pasnn+ne sananon mysrkn. He6onrma rpynna mysrkan+on,
nomema n nc+opnm no nasnannem qnopen+nnckon kamepa+r, okono 1580 roa o6rnnna
nonny nonnqonnn.

E nnnnna+opom 6rn Fannnen. B +pak+a+e, ony6nnkonannom n 1581 roy, on
o6pymnnae+c na nsompennrn c+nnr nmn+annonnon nonnqonnn... kak
nenpncnoco6nennrn nn n cnon nepeann cnon, nn n oc+a+onno +onkoro nnn
cnnrnoro nrpaenn .monnn, saknmnnnrx n +ekc+e. Hpo+nn .+on c+apon mysrkn
on nrnnrae+ c+nnr, ko+oprn coc+on+, n cymnoc+n, ns onnonnon nokanrnon nnnnn,
6nnsko cneymmen ec+ec+nennrm aknen+am n nn+onannm +ekc+a n conponoaemon
npoc+rmn nnc+pymen+anrnrmn akkopamn. Bonee +oro, on +pe6ye+, n+o6r nenen
ncnonnn cnom nap+nm c rny6oknm nync+nom n... nmnponnsnponan ykpamenn na
oco6enno nanrx cnonax. Takne nrecr nmenym+c mononmn, n camre pannne ns
nnx, omemne o namero npemenn, coc+o+ +onrko ns nokanrnon nnnnn n 6aca. [23]

Bokanrna menon c akkoponrm conponoennem ne coepana, n cymnoc+n,
nnnero nonoro. Hnc+a menon kynr+nnnponanacr n conrnon necne nannna co npemn
+py6aypon n +pynepon, xo+ ona n 6rna c+a+nnnon, nyon pama+nneckon .kcnpeccnn, n
ncnonnnacr, kak npannno, 6es conponoenn nnc+pymen+on, ko+opre ncnonrsonanncr nnmr
n npenmnx n nn+epnmnx. C pyron c+oponr, n anpe mapnrana pasnnnc menonnecknn
c+nnr c nopasn+enrno 6ora+on rapmonnneckon qak+ypon, ny+ko o+knnkanmnnc na cmrcn n
.monnonanrnym okpacky +ekc+a, oco6enno, n connnennx Mapennno n esyanro, onako,
nnenne ronocon oc+ananocr nnc+o nonnqonnnecknm.
B conoc+annennn co cnonmn npenec+nnkamn, nonrn cnn+es akkomnannponanna
monon nrrnen pesknm ynpomennem. Hpeprnnc+a menonnecka eknamann c
neonannrmn qnopn+ypamn na qone ropc+kn nepeymmnxc akkopon kasanacr ceprsnrm
mysrkan+am npnmn+nnnon n manonpnnneka+enrnon. B +o npem n .+om ankom .m6pnone 6rno
non+n nenosmono pasnnnn+r cnnr, ko+oprm nckope npec+ono cmec+n napc+no nonnqonnn n
cosa+r na ero mec+e conepmenno nonym cnc+emy mysrkanrnoro mrmnenn mysrkanrnym
napanrmy nonoro mnponocnpn+n.
<c+p. 365>
Fonop +exnnnecknm srkom, cy+r .+oro nc+opnneckoro cnnra saknmnanacr n
pacnae onoponon nonnqonnneckon +kann n kpnc+annnsannn nyx nsanmno ononnn+enrnrx
nnanon mysrkanrnon nrpasn+enrnoc+n n nornkn onnonnon menonneckon nnnnn n
akkoponon rapmonnn.
Tonrko n rny6okon nc+opnneckon nepcnek+nne mono ocosna+r, nackonrko nanrmn
n aneko nymnmn 6rnn nocnec+nn .+on nqqepennnannn. Conpemennnkn ena nn mornn
npenne+r nx. n nnx mononnecknn c+nnr 6rn nospoennem pennerpeneckon >05-703.
Mepcenny, n nac+noc+n, npnnncrnam+ cneymmne cnona, ko6r ckasannre nm n nanane 1600-x
roon:

Ho-nnnmomy, nckycc+no connnenn n nap+nx, ko+opoe npak+nkonanocr +onrko n
+enenne nocnennx c+a n+nec+n nnn nyxco+ ne+, 6rno nso6pe+eno npoc+o c +em,
n+o6r nocnonn+r nsrnr apnn (menonn) n ckprna+r neneec+no conpemennrx
mysrkan+on o+nocn+enrno >05-703 nnn menonn, kak e kynr+nnnponann rpekn,
coxpannnmne neko+opre e cner n henan+e, cornacno cnne+enrc+nam
ny+emec+nennnkon, cnrmanmnx nenne nepcon n conpemennrx rpekon... Hoc+nrny+r n
onenn+r kpaco+y +pno ne +ak nerko, kak kpaco+y y.+a, nockonrky ymy n cnyxy
npnxon+c n ono n +o e npem o6pama+r nnnmanne na cnnmkom mnoro nemen. [24]

y.+, +o ec+r menonm c akkomnanemen+om, nocnpnn+r +em npome, n+o on
nosnone+ konnen+pnpona+rc +onrko na onon nemn na menonn c +ekc+om, yen
conponoennm mnnnmanrnoe nnnmanne. Ccrnka na nnc+o monoqonnneckne c+nnn
Cpensemnomopr n Bnnnero Boc+oka nokasrnae+, nackonrko necymec+nennrm qonom
menonn akkomnanemen+ kasanc Mepcenny.
Taknm o6pasom, nym nosnnkmnm ononpemenno cqepam nrpasn+enrnoc+n 6rnn
o+neenr aneko ne pannre ponn. Ona c+ana nen+panrnrm o6rek+om nnnmann, pyra
non+n nesame+non +enrm, okpyennem, a+mocqepon. Onepa anp, n ko+opom nonrn c+nnr
namn nan6onee 6naronpn+nym cpey n nonynnn nan6onee nonnoe nrpaenne, n onepnrn
cnek+aknr c nennamn na cnene n opkec+pom, ckpr+rm o+ rnas n me, narnno emonc+pnponan
.+y cy6opnnannm.
B mysrkanrnom nocnpn+nn nonnnc nonrn qak+op, nyrn kak monoqonnn, +ak n
nonnqonnn: npoc+panc+no, nnnmsn nc+annnn mey npeme+om n qonom, nepennm n sannm
nnanamn. Mysrkanrna c+pyk+ypa o6pena rny6nnnoe nsmepenne n nmec+e c nen nepcnek+nny c
ennrm oprannsymmnm nen+pom. Co6c+nennrmn ny+mn n cpec+namn mysrka o+srnanacr na
mennmeec nocnpn+ne mnpa.
<c+p. 366>
He +onrko n nanane XVII neka, no n mnoro nose 6rno +pyno npenonon+r, n+o
cymec+nye+ kaka-nn6o cnsr mey poennem mononn c akkomnanemen+om n nnesannrm
ynnenennem nepcnek+nnon n nnonncn. Pasymee+c, penr secr moe+ n+n ne o nsanmnom
nnnnnn nyx nckycc+n, a o6 o6mnoc+n nonrx yc+pemnennn n saan. Mysrkan+r n nnonncnr
+epnn nn+epec k cosepnannm cakpanrnoro mnpa, ero yxonnrx nennoc+en n cnmnonon n
nonopannnanncr nnnom k mnpy qnsnneckomy n ero npenomnennm n yme n omymennx. Hanen
dnopencknn o6rcne+ .+y nepemeny c npeenrnon cnoc+rm:

Kora pasnarae+c pennrnosna yc+onnnnoc+r mnponosspenn, n cnmenna
me+aqnsnka -CO0E- naponoro cosnann pasreae+c nnnnnyanrnrm ycmo+pennem
-*/05J2-E- nnna c ero -*/05J2-Y +onkom spenn, n npn+om c o+enrnom +onkom
spenn n .+o+ nmenno annrn momen+, +ora nonne+c n xapak+epna n
o+rennnnoro cosnann nepcnek+nnnoc+r. [25]

<c+p. 267>
hnnenna nepcnek+nna o+nenae+ npnpoe nenoneneckoro rnasa: em onpeene+c +o,
kak nenonek nnn+ npoc+panc+no n npeme+r, pacnonoennre n nm. Xyonnkam 6rno
oc+a+onno ocosna+r reome+pnm nepcnek+nnr n naynn+rc nonrsona+rc em n cnom
nckycc+ne. Ho snykona nepcnek+nna, n ko+opon cnyma+enr nocnpnnnmae+ mysrky, cna6o
cnsana c nync+nennrm cnyxonrm onr+om; nocnennn nknmnae+c n nocnpn+ne nnmr n
cnynax nepeonann rpomkoro n +nxoro snynannn nnn ennonpemennoro nnamnneckoro
kon+pac+a, cosammero nnnmsnm rny6nnr. B o6onx cnynax .+a nnnmsn moe+
ncnonrsona+rc kak n o6pasno-onnca+enrnrx, +ak n konc+pyk+nnno-qopmanrnrx nenx.
B o+nnnne o+ nnsyanrnrx o6pason nnonncn, snynanne mysrkn co nc+poennrm n
nero o+nomennem mey nepennm n sannm nnanamn nne+c, pasnp+rnacr no npemennon
nepcnek+nne. B pesynr+a+e nosnnkae+ nonna npoc+panc+nenna cnc+ema nyxmepna
pama, n ko+opon nenr pama+nnecknx co6r+nn napannenrno nocnpnnnmae+c cnyma+enem
kak noc+enennoe nrnnenne ennoro konc+pyk+nnnoro samrcna.
Hepnoe nocnpnnnmae+c c 6onrmen ro+onnoc+rm, nem n+opoe. Kora mysrka
nonec+nye+ nnn nso6paae+, mr nocnpnnnmaem e nnenne noremr n cnar n menonn,
napac+ann n paspkn rapmonnneckoro nanpenn, pernc+ponre cmenr, no+emnenne nnn
npocne+nenne +em6pon kak nponecc, nn+nmno n mnoroo6pasno cnsannrn c namnm onr+om
qnsnneckoro npoc+panc+na, npno6pe+nnrm nocpec+nom spenn, cnyxa, ocsann n
mrmennrx ycnnnn.
<c+p. 367>
C pyron c+oponr, n noc+nenn mysrkn kak pasnp+rnammenc konc+pyknnn ona
onna nocnpnnnma+rc n a6c+pak+no mrcnnmom onepannonnom npoc+panc+ne npemennrx
o+nomennn.
Onepannonnoe nocnpn+ne npemenn, onncannoe Hre, nen+ n ocnone nm6on
mysrkn, o6naammen qopuon n knaccnneckom cmrcne .+oro cnona, n nne+c neo6xonmrm
ycnonnem e nonnonennoro nocnpn+n. Hmenno ono enae+ nosmonon e oprannsannm n
nponne+ ce6 no ncex ne+rpx rnannrx acnek+ax komnosnnnn: n menonke, rapmonnn,
+onanrnoc+n n apxn+ek+onnke.
3+n cononnnnnre nac+nre npemennre nepcnek+nnr o6naam+ kaa cnonm
nen+pom n oprannsym+c pn+mamn pasnnnnrx macm+a6on.
n menonkn nen+pom nne+c vonnka; nokpyr ne menon o6pamae+c, k nen
+ro+em+ e +ona, no o+nomennm k nen onennnae+c mepa nx yc+onnnnoc+n n neyc+onnnnoc+n.
Menonnecka nepcnek+nna oprannsye+c nepapxnen perynpnrx npemennrx ennnn onen,
+ak+on n +ak+onrx rpynnnponok, o6pasymmnx mnorocnonnym ce+r, ko+opa koopnnnpye+
mo+nnr, qpasr, npenoenn n nepnor n nn+erpnpye+ nx n nepapxnneckym c+pyk+ypy.
n rapmonnn nen+pom cnyn+ vonnueckoe +pesnynne, +onka paspemenn n noko,
o+npannenn n npn6r+n rapmonnnecknx nocneona+enrnoc+en, ko+opa onpeene+ qynknnn n
cy6opnnannm akkopon, ncnonrsyemrx n .+nx nocneona+enrnoc+x. Hx nanana n okonnann
cosam+ cnon nonnoo6pasnrn pn+m, n nnenne rapmonnn, noo6no menonneckomy
nnennm, coo+nocn+c c ce+kon npemennrx ennnn.
Fapmonnneckne qynknnn, onako, ne orpannnnnam+c o+nomennmn mey
cmenrmn akkopamn; onn enc+nym+ n mey cocennmn pasenamn qopmr n nepeko
pacmnpm+c +onanrnrmn o+knonennmn nnn moynnnmn.
Knaccnneckoe connnenne nannnae+c n sanepmae+c, kak npannno, n onon n +on e
vonannocvn, ko+opa c+anonn+c rnannon ocrm ncen komnosnnnn nen+pom, +onkon
cxoenn ncex e nac+nrx nepcnek+nn. Hoo6no +omy, kak menon onpeene+ nnenne n
pn+m cony+c+nymmen en rapmonnn, mysrkanrnrn ma+epnan ncero connnenn onpeene+ xo
n pn+m ero +onanrnoro pasnn+n. Mey nnenennem qopmr, cmenamn +ema+nsma n
+onanrnrmn cnnramn yc+anannnnae+c +ecna cnsr. Hocneona+enrnoc+r n+ko
onepnennrx pasenon, kon+pac+nre +ema+nneckne ma+epnanr ko+oprx nepeym+c n
nosnpamam+c na ocnone nepnonnnoc+n n cnmme+pnn, o6pasye+ knasnnpoc+panc+nennym
konc+pyknnm mysrkanrnon qopmr.
<c+p. 368>
O+ knaccnneckon qopmr onam+ sakonnennoc+n, +ema+nneckoro ennc+na,
camooc+a+onnoc+n; ona sakpr+a, kak onpeennn Bnrqnnn qopmy n knaccnneckon
nnonncn. B o6onx nckycc+nax .c+e+nneckn nennoe omymenne sanepmnnoc+n cosa+c non+n
reome+pnneckon npannnrnoc+rm nponopnnn nny+pn nenoro n ero nac+en. B cone+annn c
ennon +onanrno oprannsonannon npemennon nepcnek+nnon .+o ykasrnae+ na ennc+no n
onoponoc+r mrcnennoro npoc+panc+na, sannmaemoro mysrkanrnon qopmon.
Oc+annn nosan nnenpemennym cakpanrnym ncenennym n nc+ynnn n mnp
nenoneneckoro onr+a, mysrkan+r 6rnn saxnanenr npemennrmn qenomenamn nepemenamn
coc+onnn, nnamnkon nrpasn+enrnrx ec+on n nnennn, pasnn+nem co6r+nn n nen, n
c+pemnnncr o+paa+r nx n mysrke c pasnnnnon c+enenrm konkpe+noc+n. C+pyk+ypnre n
nrpasn+enrno-onnca+enrnre qynknnn non+n nepasennmo cnnnncr.
Tenennn reome+pnneckon ynoponennoc+n qopmr npnnon+ k +nnnsannn
mysrkanrnrx cme+on. Cknarnam+c c+epeo+nnr kon+pac+nrx +emnon, me+pon n
+onanrnoc+en; pasnnnnre nnr nnenn n +ema+nsma npnnsrnam+c k onpeennnrm
pasenam; qopmynr menonnecknx n rapmonnnecknx kaancon n mnoec+no nnrx, 6onee
+onknx n pasnoo6pasnrx e+anen cnya+ ny+enrmn snakamn, ko+opre noc+onno
nnqopmnpym+ cnyma+en o ero mec+onaxoennn n pasnp+rnammenc pama+nneckon
konc+pyknnn.
Conepma cnon ny+r no npemenn, cney sa nsrn6amn komnosn+opckoro noo6paenn,
sa nnennem nen, .monnonanrnrx coc+onnn, noo6paaemrx cnen n co6r+nn, cnyma+enr
ynepen n nennom nosnpamennn: kpyr samkn+c, nnkn sakonnn+c, cnnpanr pasnn+n
npoenae+ nonnrn nn+ok n nepn+c k o+npannon +onke. On nync+nye+ ce6 n 6esonacnoc+n n
konennom samkny+om nrm+ononom ynnnepcyme c ero +nprmn o+n+nnnrmn onep+annmn,
necokpymnmo npo+nnoc+omnmn xoy npemenn.
Makcnmanrno nepnoe noccosanne +akoro mnpa c+ano rnannrm c+pemnennem
xyonnkon n mysrkan+on. Ero npmrm npoyk+om nnnc stile rappresentativo. On pacnnn n
mysrkanrnrx nonnomennx no.snn, opa+opnx n onepax XVII neka, n ko+oprx komnosn+opr
nr+anncr nepeana+r cmrcn cnon, pama+nnecknx konnnsnn, nnonnca+r o6c+anonky
noo6paaemoro enc+nn, mysrkanrno nocnponsno n nonpknna nn+onannn .monnonanrno
okpamennon xapak+epnon penn, pasnnnnre +nnr nnennn, snykonopaann n nponne
nso6pasn+enrnre cpec+na. Henonek n ero mnp c+ann
<c+p. 369>
npeme+amn c+pac+non sann+epeconannoc+n; mnqonornneckne cme+r n oenn nnny+r ne
ymepnn e.
Cnoco6noc+r mysrkn npec+ann+r avov mnp cama no ce6e 6rna nonnymmnm
o+kpr+nem, n komnosn+opr npnnnncr c .n+ysnasmom nccneona+r o+kprnmeec nepe nnmn
nonoe none e+enrnoc+n. Hx naxokn, o+ camrx nannnrx o n nrcmen c+enenn nsompnnrx,
ro+onnnn nonny n 6yymen nporpammnon n npo6nemno konnen+yanrnon mysrkn XIX n XX
nekon. B cnom oneper, .+n naxokn nosnnkann ne na nyc+om mec+e.
Honr+kn mysrkanrno nmn+npona+r ronoca n snynann noncenennon nsnn n
npnpor enanncr c nanana XV neka. B neko+oprx n+anrncknx caccias na ronoca kanona
nonynann +pak+onky, nnymanmym o6pas noronn. Cney sa +ekc+om, mysrka nepeanana
+py6nre cnrnanr, mym oxo+r, kpnkn ynnnnrx +opronnen. B onon ns necen mnnnesnnrep
Ocnanr qon Bonrkenm+enn nopaae+ ronocam rony6, anoponka, posa, cononr n
kykymkn. Ero ne namna npoonenne n +ak nasrnaemrx n+nnrnx nrecax Xanekena n XVI
neke n Kynepena n XVII.
Hx onr+r ne o6omn nnnmannem A+anacnyc Knpxep, ko+oprn n +pak+a+e Musurgia
(1650) konneknnn mysrkanrnrx qak+on n nerennsnarae+, cpen nponero, ronoca
pasnnnnrx n+nn (nepennkn, ne+yxa na sape, kypnnr, cnecmen nno nnn csrnammen nrnn+),
no+npy nx n ae nrckasrna coo6paenn o+nocn+enrno nx naonon ocnonr. Henne n+nn
.+nx npnponnrx nennon, cnmnonon cnon+annoro npnponoro +nopnec+na coxpanno
cnom npn+ra+enrnoc+r n nose, o+ Hac+opanrnon cnmqonnn Be+xonena o Oiseaux exotique
n Rveil des Oiseaux Meccnana.
Mysrkanrna nnonncr ne orpannnnnanacr nocnponsneennem n+nnnx ronocon;
ona oxna+rnana ncenosmonre cnrmnmre n ae nnnmre npnponre qenomenr. B
nnpnnanrnrx qan+asnx ona Bynn n pyrnx anrnnncknx komnosn+opon o n nocne
1600 roa nanoe mec+o o+nonnocr noccosannm snynannn konokonon. B onon ns cnonx nrec
Ynnrm Mynn nonr+anc nepea+r xopomym noroy, monnnm n packa+r rpoma, kak
rnac+ pemapkn n no+ax. B 1700 roy nemen Horann Kynay ony6nnkonan cnon Eec+r
6n6nencknx nc+opnn nocneona+enrna nporpammnrx cona+ n knannkopa, nonnrx
nso6pasn+enrnrx .nnsoon, nknmna qnnanrnym qyry n +emne presto, nso6paammym
6erc+no qnnnc+nmnn o+ anna.
O +om, kak aneko saxonnn +akne nonr+kn, ronopn+ connnenne qpannysckoro
komnosn+opa Map.na Map. Tableau de l'Opration de la Taille (1717) n anr+a n knannkopa,
npnsnannoe nso6pasn+r xo
<c+p. 370>
onepannn no yanennm kamn ns monenoro nysrp n o6nnrno ycnamnnoe nocnmmnmn
pemapkamn, ko+opre, no-nnnmomy, onnr 6rnn nn+a+rc ncnyx no xoy ncnonnenn. 3+o+
mysrkanrnrn komnkc oc+a+c cnoero poa pekopom ae nocne ncex nso6pasn+enrnrx
npnmon Pnxapa E+payca n omamnen cnmqonnn, Anrnnnckon cnmqonnn, on
Knxo+e, Tnne Ynenmnnrene n pyrnx ero cnmqonnnecknx no.max. C nanana npomnoro
neka anp mysrkanrnon kap+nnr sanoenan none+noe mec+o n sananon mysrke n nonynnn
mnpokoe pasnn+ne n +nopnec+ne mnoec+na komnosn+opon.
Ho, c+pemcr nepeana+r mysrkon nnena+nenn o+ npeme+on, nensaen, co6r+nn,
komnosn+opr c+pemnnncr +ake o6ora+n+r mysrky non+nnnrm coepannem, .kcnpeccnen n
nornkon penn.
Onnm ns npnmon, nonynnnmnn n anrnosrnnon nn+epa+ype nanmenonanne word
painting (nnonncanne cnona), pasnnnanc n nokanrnon mysrke n 6rn cnsan c nonckamn
mysrkanrnoro .knnnanen+a cnona nnn nnymaemoro nm npec+annenn. Cnono ne6eca peko
nenocr 6es nocxomero nnenn n menonn nnn akkomnanemen+e, a cnono noa 6es
nonnoo6pasnoro nnenn, kak, nanpnmep, no 2-n nac+n, Y pynr 6e+xonenckon
Hac+opanrnon.
Hpak+nka ncnonrsonann mysrkanrnrx nkonnnecknx snakon-non+nn 6rna
nac+onrko o6men n pacnpoc+pannnon, n+o n 1625 roy Hoaxnm Tmpnnryc cmor npenon+r
nx knaccnqnkannm. B cnom +pak+a+e Opusculum bipartitum on nopasene+ mysrkanrno
nso6paaemre non+n na +pn ka+eropnn. Ona ns nnx Verba affectuum oxna+rnae+
nponnenn .monnn: paoc+r, nnan, cmex n +.. pyra Verba motus et locus cnsana c
o6osnanennmn enc+nnn n mec+ononoennn: c+o+r, 6ea+r, nprra+r; ne6eca, npencnon,
ropa n +.n. Tpe+r Adverbia temporis, numeri o+paae+ ckopoc+r n konnnec+nennym
xapak+epnc+nky nnenn: 6rc+po, menenno; nar, +pnr; peko, nac+o n +..
Bnponem, npn ncen nopo6noc+n .+on nomenkna+ypr ona em ne npeycma+pnnana
mysrkanrnre nkonr a6c+pak+nrx non+nn +akne, kak qnrypa kpec+a y Baxa,
ncnxonornnecknx coc+onnn y poman+nkon (nonpoc nanano Hpenmon hnc+a, d-
moll'non cnmqonnn dpanka; neonpeennnoc+r nanano dayc+-cnmqonnn hnc+a),
cnonrx konnnsnn n nen (nen+mo+nnr n narneponcknx onepax n npon.).
B kan+a+ax n xopanax Baxa em npocnennae+c cnsr mey cmrcnom cnon n
cony+c+nymmnmn nm mysrkanrnrmn qnrypamn. B cnoen monymen+anrnon monorpaqnn o
Baxe Enennep nocn+nn
<c+p. 371>
ne+rpe rnanr o6cyennm .+nx 6ora+rx cnsen, y+nepa, n+o nonnmanne cmrcna
noo6nrx qnryp-mo+nnon n nnc+o nnc+pymen+anrnrx connnennx Baxa conepmenno
neo6xonmo n nx ncnonnenn c npannnrnon ap+nkynnnen n qpasnponkon.
Hnc+pymen+anrna mysrka XIX neka c e nnrmn nnn ckpr+rmn konnennnonnrmn n
nporpammnrmn +enennnmn n +akon c+enenn nacrmena a6c+pak+nrmn n onnca+enrnrmn
.nemen+amn, n+o e cnonecnoe nc+onkonanne c+anonn+c non+n nenpeoonnmon
neo6xonmoc+rm.
Hapy c nakonnennem cnonap onnca+enrnrx mysrkanrnrx nnom nanoe
snanenne npnananocr ocosnannm n ynoponnnannm npnnnnnon komnosnnnonnon nornkn
cnn+akcncy, nopky nsnoenn n mysrke. Hannna c py6ea XVII-XVIII nn., enanncr
cnc+ema+nneckne nonr+kn non+r n onpeenn+r npnnnnnr mysrkanrnoro nsnoenn no
ananornn c opa+opcknm nckycc+nom n a+r emy qopmanrnoe onncanne.
Hoaxnm Bypmenc+ep (1599, 1606), Hoxannec Hynnyc (1613), Hoaxnm Tmpnnryc
(1625), Kpnc+oq Bepnap (1660), Hoxannec Ma++eson (1739) n pyrne no mnorom
opnen+nponanncr na nacnene nennknx pnmcknx opa+opon (Institutio oratorio Knnn+nnnana k
cepenne XVIII neka neckonrko pas nsananocr n Fepmannn n pyrnx c+panax Enponr) n na
kpacnopenne conpemennrx npononennkon. Onn onncrnann n cnc+ema+nsnponann
qopmanrnre +nnr, oxna+rnammne nce c+oponr n qasr nsnoenn, o+ o+enrnrx qpas o
oprannsannn nenoro.
B Conepmennom kanenrmenc+epe Ma++eson onncrnae+ komnosnnnm kak
nocneona+enrnoc+r mec+n qas, nasrna nx Exordium (nneenne), Narratio (nponosrnamenne),
Propositio (rnannoe y+nepenne), Confutatio (kon+paprymen+), Confirmatio (no+nepenne)
n Peroratio (saknmnenne). Hpo+nnoc+r n snanenne kaon ns qas mornn naprnpona+rc, no
nx qnkcnponanna nocneona+enrnoc+r onna 6rna coo6mn+r komnosnnnn cnny
y6en+enrnon penn, coepamen nsnoenne +esnca, ero pasnn+ne, ananns, nponepky n
y+nepenne. Hmenno +akym oprannsannm mono c 6onrmen nnn menrmen o+n+nnnoc+rm
npocnen+r no mnoec+ne 6axoncknx npenmnn n qyr, nnnennnn n cmn+, ko+opre
enc+nn+enrno snyna+ kak pn+opnneckn y6en+enrna, rny6oko .monnonanrna, nornneckn
neo+pasnma 6eccnonecna penr.
Hocne Baxa mysrka peko c+annnacr n cnsr c pn+opnkon. Ha cmeny .+omy non+nm
npnmno nonoe: (nanekvnka. C nosnnknonennem spenon cona+non qopmr mononor kak
npnnnnn mysrkanrnoro nrckasrnann yc+ynnn mec+o nanory. Ennrn mysrkanrnrn +e-[13]
<c+p. 372>
snc, pasnoc+oponne o6cyaemrn n nonnqonnneckom kon+ekc+e, cmennnc
conoc+annennmn kon+pac+nrx mysrkanrnrx nen.
Honrn c+epeo+nn, yc+anonnnmnnc ye y Fanna n Monap+a, nonynnn
kpnc+annnneckoe nrpaenne n snamenn+rx nyx npnnnnnax Be+xonena. Bsprnna+a
.neprn, ckpr+a n conoc+annennx kon+pac+nrx mo+nnon n qpas, naxon+ nrxo n
c+onknonennn xapak+epon rnannon n no6onnon nap+nn, a sa+em n pama+nnecknx konnnsnx
paspa6o+kn, ko+opre npeoonenam+c n cnn+esnpymmen penpnse.
Cona+na qopma y+nepnnacr kak nan6onee npec+ann+enrna moenr nonoro
mysrkanrnoro mrmnenn cnmnonnnecka c+pyk+ypa, nocpec+nom ko+opon nonoe npem
nrpaano cno nnenne nsnn kak nponecca, nnnmoro konqnnk+om n 6opr6on.
Hn+epecno, n+o +akoe nnenne nnnocr nnoom ckopee nn+yn+nnnoro npospenn,
neenn .mnnpnneckoro nsnennoro onr+a. B cona+nrx qopmax Fanna konqnnk+ n ero
npeoonenne +esnc, an+n+esa n cnn+es qopmynnpym+c non+n ncknmnn+enrno nepes
+onanrnrn kon+pac+ .kcnosnnnn, cnnmaemrn n penpnse, a ne nepes kon+pac+ mey
+ema+nneckn necrma 6nnsknmn rnannon n no6onnon nap+nmn. n Fanna n ae n
Monap+a, o6oc+pnnmero +ema+nnecknn kon+pac+ mey nap+nmn, +ema+nsm npnnanean k
cqepe nnc+o mysrkanrnrx nen, ne o+romennrx ckonrko-nn6yr onpeennnrmn
nsnennrmn coo+ne+c+nnmn, pama+nnecknm nnn qnnocoqcknm no+ekc+om. Cona+a n
cnmqonn 6rnn ckopee o6mnmn komnosnnnonnrmn +nnamn nonem nrpr c mysrkanrnrmn
nemn, neenn nnnnnyanrnrmn mysrkanrno-pama+nnecknmn konnennnmn.
Komnosn+opr +onrko nannnann o+kprna+r nc+onnnkn noxnonenn n mnoroo6pasnn
nsnennrx peanrnoc+en, ncka+r cpec+na mysrkanrnon nop+pe+nsannn pasnnnnrx e c+opon,
konnnsnn, cnn n konqnnk+on, 6r+a n npnpor.
Be+xonen cenan rnran+cknn mar k npenpamennm nrpr mysrkanrnrmn nemn n
pama+nneckoe nonec+nonanne, n nanpannennn, ko+opoe onpeennno mysrkanrnrn knnma+
na nocneymmne non+opa c+one+n. Honrsycr nakonnennrmn cpec+namn n nso6pe+a nonre,
komnosn+opr nanann c+pon+r mnpr, cosana+r mysrkanrnre ananorn co6c+nennoro
mnponocnpn+n n mnpononnmann, o+ monymen+anrnon cnmqonnn o mnnna+mpr, o+
necnn o onepr.
C nomomrm cona+non qopmr nnn 6es ne onn o6nnanncr e konennoro .qqek+a
cosann mnorocnonrx komnosnnnn, oprannsonannrx ennc+nom nepcnek+nnr n
nanpannenn, nny+penne nenrnrx n sakonnennrx. Onn paspa6a+rnann rapmonnneckne,
+onanr-
<c+p. 373>
nre n komnosnnnonnre c+pyk+ypr, o6ecnennnanmne .+o ennc+no, neyc+anno
kynr+nnnponann xapak+epnrn nnnnnyannsnponannrn +ema+nsm, pasnnrann snykonoe
npoc+panc+no no ncex nanpannennx, nrnn ero kon+pac+amn nnamnnecknx n +em6ponrx
nnanon.
Xopomen nnnmc+pannen .+oro mysrkanrnoro ynnnepcyma moe+ nocnyn+r
opkec+ponoe nc+ynnenne k narneponckomy ho.nrpnny ca+oe mysrkanrnoe nsnoenne
rnannoro cme+noro mo+nna onepr: cnacn+enr-prnapr cn. Fpaan cnyckae+c na semnm, no,
pasonaponanmncr n nenepnn nmen, noknae+ nx.
Bc+ynnenne nannnae+c ene cnrmnrm npospannrm xopanom ckpnnok n nrcmem
pernc+pe, ko+oprn menenno n nnanno cnnae+c, ma+epnannsycr n snynannx nnsknx
c+pynnrx n epennnrx, oc+nrae+ nnsmen, kynrmnnannonnon +onkn n maccnnnom tutti c
+non merm, a sa+em nonopannnae+ nnepx n, cney n o6pa+nom nopke, cnona +ae+ n
npeenrno nrcoknx akkopax ckpnnok. Henoe +ecno cnsano 6eckaanconon 6eckonennon
menonen xopana n ynopnrm o+onnrannem paspemenn rapmonnneckon neyc+onnnnoc+n,
oc+nraemon nnmr n konne, xo+ +onanrna ocr A-dur'a omymae+c noc+onno.
Bosnnkammnn mysrkanrnrn o6pas nocn+ o+n+nnno npoc+panc+nennrn xapak+ep.
Cnyck c nrco+ o yponn semnn, nepexo ns paynon rmkn n o6nac+r makcnmanrno
o+n+nnnoro nnenn, noc+enennoe napamnnanne, a sa+em ocna6nenne snynann n npeenax
ncero nnamnneckoro nanasona nc .+o nnymae+ 6ora+re nync+nennre n npeme+nre
npec+annenn.
Cne+onocnrn, nosymnrn, nema+epnanrnrn, nnanane ena pasnnnnmrn o6pas
noc+enenno enae+c nc 6onee maccnnnrm, +nrm, o+n+nnnrm, non+n ocsaemrm.
Hpnmec+nne ne6ecnoro nocnannnka mysrkanrno nso6paeno kak ny+r qnsnneckoro npeme+a
ns nenoc+nnmon nrco+r n ann na semnm cnoero poa neonosnannoro ne+ammero
o6rek+a, ko+oprn npn6nnae+c, npnsemne+c n o+6rnae+.
I-@+3A+ @0.A+5
Brno 6r omn6kon nonara+r, n+o noo6paaemre nanmaq+r mysrkanrnre
nnsyannsannn komnosn+opckon kap+nnr mnpa +enepr npnnanea+ npomnomy. Hanpo+nn,
+akon ny+r coo+necenn
<c+p. 374>
mysrkn c nsnennrm onr+om npoonae+ cymec+nona+r kak n nonrx, +ak n n +pannnonnrx
npenomnennx, necmo+p na rny6okne nepemenr n ncnxonornnecknx yc+anonok, n camon
peanrnoc+n.
Mnorne komnosn+opr npoonann c+pon+r mnpr, nn+erpnpona+r o6pasr-nen,
o6pasr-konnnsnn n ennon nnamnneckn pasnnnammenc mysrkanrnon konnennnn. Onepr n
cnmqonnn Xnnemn+a, opa+opnn n nosnne cnmqonnn Onerrepa, non+n nce cnmqonnn n
nosnne knap+e+r Eoc+akonnna n mnorne pyrne connnenn nacrmenr annmsnmn
pama+nnecknx co6r+nn, sac+annm+ saymrna+rc na mopanrnrmn npo6nemamn
conpemennoc+n, qopmynnpym+ rny6oko nnnnoe o+nomenne k nanrm nsnennrm nnennm n
npo6nemam.
B ocnone nenoc+noc+n mysrkanrnrx konnennnn nen+ nenoc+noc+r mnponosspenn
nx cosa+enen. Hen+panrno oprannsonanna, xopomo ynoponenna, nny+penne
c6anancnponanna qopma cona+na nnn nna, +pannnonna nnn moepnnsnponanna
xapak+epnsye+ mnpokne o6nac+n komnosn+opckon npak+nkn XX neka.
Kpynna qopma nan6onee c+onknn .nemen+ knaccnneckoro mysrkanrnoro
nacnen nepenna ae nepenopo+, conepmnnrn mn6epronckon cnc+emon. Bo
mnoec+ne cnonx oekaqonnrx connnennn En6epr coxpane+ nan6onee +nnnnnre nep+r
cona+non qopmr, xo+, kak same+nn Pene hen6onnn no nonoy ero Cmn+r, op.29 (1926),
mn6eproncka "cona+na qopma" +ak e o+nnnae+c o+ cona+non qopmr y Manepa nnn
Bpamca, kak .+a nocnen o+ cona+non qopmr y Ey6ep+a nnn Eymana. [26] Anr6an Bepr
cneye+ en n nepnon nac+n cnoero Kamepnoro konnep+a (1925) c neykocnn+enrnon
ncnnnnnnon [27], a Be6epn ns6npae+ n nepnon nac+n Cnmqonnn, op.21 (1928)
c+poanmnn npnnnnn nonnoro ne+rpxronocnoro kanona.
Cna6enmnm n nan6onee ysnnmrm konc+pyk+nnnrm .nemen+om knaccnneckon
komnosnnnn okasanacr rapmonn. B pesynr+a+e ncero neckonrknx ec+nne+nn nn+encnnnoro
pasnn+n .kcnpeccnnnre n konopnc+nneckne nosmonoc+n rapmonnn nenoo6pasnmo
pacmnpnnncr, no n +on e mepe ona no+epna cnoco6noc+r nen+pannsona+r, nanpann+r n
ap+nkynnpona+r nponecc mysrkanrnoro pasnn+n.
3+y .nonmnnm nopo6no ocne+nn 3pnc+ Kyp+ n knnre Poman+nnecka rapmonn n e
kpnsnc n "Tpnc+ane" Barnepa, ony6nnkonannon n 1920 roy nepes 60 ne+ nocne
narneponckon onepr, n ko+opon okonna+enrno cnonnc c+nnr 6nyammnx rapmonnnecknx
nocneona+enrnoc+en, npeenrno xpoma+nsnponannrx qynknnonanrno neonpeennmrx
akkopon, nenpnro+onnennrx ncconancon n nepaspemnnrx saepannn.
<c+p. 375>
C+nnr Tpnc+ana cno ronopnn o pacnae rapmonnneckoro qynamen+a
mysrkanrnon konc+pyknnn n o cnsannom c .+nm ncnesnonennn nync+na nanpannennoc+n n
o6men nepcnek+nnr mysrkanrnoro pasnn+n. To o6c+o+enrc+no, n+o n npoonenne
nocneymmero nonyneka Bpamc, Bpyknep n komnosn+opr neoknaccnneckoro +onka
npoonann onnpa+rc na nponnym cnc+emy +onanrno-rapmonnnecknx o+nomennn, morno
nnmr o+cponn+r nens6enoe.
B 1911 roy En6epr +eope+nneckn o6ocnonan (a o +oro npak+nneckn peannsonan)
nem .mancnnnponannoro ncconanca. Ynpasnenne c+pyk+ypnon qynknnn rapmonnn 6rno,
onako, nac+rm 6onee epskoro npenpn+n ynpasnenn +onanrnoc+n kak +akonon. Oc+on
mysrkanrnon komnosnnnn, rnannrn qak+op opnen+annn n npoc+panc+ne mysrkanrnon
c+pyk+ypr pacnanc. H+o6r npeo+npa+n+r 6eccosna+enrnre cockanrsrnann n npnnrnnym
konem +onanrnoro mrmnenn n rapan+npona+r nnc+ym n nocneona+enrnym a+onanrnoc+r, on
nrnnnyn cnyc+ ec+r ne+ konnennnm komnosnnnn nenana+rm +onamn, coo+nocnmrmn
+onrko pyr c pyrom, cnc+emy, n ko+opon nn onn +on ne mor c+a+r oprannsymmnm
nen+pom.
En6epronckoe 6eckomnpomnccnoe nsrnanne +pannnonnon +onanrnoc+n 6rno
nrpaennem kpannero pankannsma. pyrne komnosn+opr ocna6nnn nnn nen+pannsonann e
nen+pannsymmym cnny ne c+onr pemn+enrnrmn mepamn. e6mccn ns6pan ny+r nonon
nn+epnpe+annn moanrnoc+n. Bap+ok cone+an e c a+onanrnoc+rm n +onanrnon nonpnsannen.
Mnno nponnn oco6oe npnc+pac+ne k nonn+onanrnoc+n. Hpn ncex pasnnnnx ny+en o6ma
+enennn ykasrnae+ n nanpannennn nrne+pnnann, sa+emnenn, pasmrnann nnn
pacmennenn komnosnnnonnrx c+pyk+yp n nepcnek+nn.
3+a +enennn nopoena o6rek+nnnrmn npnnnnamn: o+xo o+ knaccnnecknx nopm
o+paan enanrnannm c+apon cnc+emr nennoc+en knaccnneckon kap+nnr mnpa kak
nornnnoro, camooc+a+onnoro nenoro, o6ospnmoro c ennon +onkn spenn. Bnamena+enrno,
n+o nepemenr na mysrkanrnon cnene nananncr n kanyn Hepnon mnponon nonnr,
npoonanncr n kpa+kne na ec+nne+n, npemec+nonanmne B+opon mnponon nonne, n
nocne ne, o+paa kpymenne nnnmsnn, pacna pannonannc+nneckoro mrmnenn, poenne
6ecnpeneen+no nonoro nsrna na mnp.
He +ak ye cymec+nenno, nackonrko cno cosnanann .+n nepemenr komnosn+opr,
xyonnkn, nnca+enn, pama+yprn. Hx c+pon+enrnre npnmr ronop+ camn sa ce6.
Oprannsann, npn ko+opon a6conm+na qnkcnponanna +onka coo+necenn nen+p, ocr nep-
<c+p. 376>
cnek+nnr o+cy+c+nye+ n .nemen+r nnn rpynnr .nemen+on coo+noc+c +onrko pyr c
pyrom, c+anonn+c nc 6onee cnmn+oma+nnnon n camrx pasnnnnrx paspesax conpemennon
peanrnoc+n.
dparmen+apno-konnanrn +nn oprannsannn na6nmae+c non+n noncmy n
conpemennon nn+epa+ype n no.snn, qnnrmax n +ea+panrnrx noc+anonkax, nnonncn n
apxn+ek+ype, n kynr+ypnon n connanrnon cpee, n ncnesnonennn xyoec+nennrx mkon n
nnepon, n meynaponrx o+nomennx n n xapak+epe rno6anrno oc+ynnon nnqopmannn.
Ena nn 6ye+ npeynennnennem ckasa+r, n+o enen+pannsann, pacna nepapxnnecknx
o+nomennn, nnmpannsm n romorennsann nepememnnanne, ycpenenne npec+annm+
co6on camre o6mne xapak+epnre nep+r conpemennon nnnnnnsannn. O +om e ronop+
nccneona+enn conno-.konomnnecknx nponeccon:

Yckopenne cosae+ K02*.+5J2-->+.E32+5J2BY c+pyk+ypy, kak e nasrnam+
neko+opre .konomnc+r. Kora ona enae+c npesmepno 6onrmon n nnnnna+nnr n
ynpannenn ns nen+pa, e ynac+kn nannnam+ o+en+rc n cosana+r co6c+nennre
nen+panrno-maprnnanrnre cnc+emr... 3nek+ponnre ckopoc+n nopoam+ nen+pr
noncmy. Hepnqepn ncnesae+ na namen nnane+e. [28]

Ba neckonrko ec+nne+nn yc+onnnna o6ospnma nsnenna cpea nenoo6pasnmo
pacmnpnnacr, ycnonnnacr n qparmen+npo-nanacr. Henonek, nr+ammnnc noc+nrny+r
nopok n .+on nonon enc+nn+enrnoc+n, nan+n n nen cno mec+o, okasrnae+c nepe nnnom
xaoca, nync+nye+ ce6 6pomennrm n 6ypnrn no+ok, n ko+opom ne sa n+o yxna+n+rc n ne+
ny+n nasa.
Beccmrcnenno nr+a+rc connaa+r c xaocom nocpec+nom npnnrnnrx non+nn
cnmnonnneckn snannmon qopmr, nepapxnn n cononnnenn. Xaocom mono onnae+r nnmr
nocpec+nom c+pyk+ypr ynoponnnann cone+annn .nemen+on, y+pa+nnmnx co6c+nennym
nennoc+r n snanenne. C+pyk+ypa c+ana n komnosn+opon rnannrm npeme+om sa6o+
nocnennm npn6enmem oprannsymmen cnnr nn+ennek+a n nocnennm onpanannem
cymec+nonann nckycc+na. B npec+annenn o nsnn, pannonanrno ye ne noc+nnmon, ona
o6emana nnec+n xo+ 6r a6c+pak+nrn nopok.
Onako ae a6c+pak+nre .nemen+r mory+ cone+a+rc n cknarna+rc n c+pyk+ypy
+onrko npn nannnnn nekoero kon+nnyyma. En6epr nepnrm ocosnan, n+o cosanne n
nocnpn+ne c+pyk+yp npenonarae+ nannnne ynnqnnnponannoro npoc+panc+na
npoc+panc+na nyx nnn 6onee nsmepennn, n ko+opom mysrkanrnre nen npec+am+ kak
ennc+no; n nnnmc+pannn cnoen mrcnn on npn6erae+ k nnsyanrnomy o6pasy.
<c+p. 377>

Ennc+no mysrkanrnoro npoc+panc+na +pe6ye+ a6conm+noro n nenoc+noro
nocnpn+n. B .+om npoc+panc+ne, kak n ne6ecax Cneen6opra (onncannrx n
Cepaqn+e Banrsaka), ne+ a6conm+noro nnsa, nanpannennn nnpano n nneno, nnep n
nasa. hm6a mysrkanrna konqnrypann, nm6oe nnenne +onon onnr
cxna+rna+rc kak nsanmoo+nomenne snykon, nosnnkammee n pasnre momen+r n n
pasnrx nynk+ax. [29]

Bonpoc o mec+onaxoennn na6nma+en, +onkn, c ko+opon +ononre c+pyk+ypr
mory+ nocnpnnnma+rc n noc+nra+rc, En6epr oc+anne+ 6es o+ne+a. Bmec+o .+oro on
cpannnnae+ konqnrypannn, nsnnennnre ns 12-+ononoro pa, c ma+epnanrnrmn o6rek+amn
noom, 6y+rnkon, nacamn, coxpanmmnmn cnom rem+anr+nym konc+an+noc+r n
onosnanaemrmn nesanncnmo o+ nx nonoenn o+nocn+enrno na6nma+en. Mono
npenonon+r, n+o cosa+enr oekaqonnn monnannno onyckan cymec+nonanne nekoen
qnkcnponannon +onkn nne cneen6opronckoro mysrkanrnoro npoc+panc+na, nosnonmmen
nocnpnnnma+r n pacnosnana+r +ononre c+pyk+ypr no ncenosmonrx nonopo+ax n
nonoennx ne +onrko n ropnson+anrnom, nocneona+enrnom, no n n nep+nkanrnom,
akkoponom nsnoennn.
Cy+r, onako, n +om, n+o cnoco6r nocnpn+n ma+epnanrnrx o6rek+on n snykonrx
noc+poennn npnnnnnnanrno pasnnnnr. 3+n nocnenne ne mory+ na6nma+rc ns kakon-nn6o
saannon +onkn no nnemnem npoc+panc+ne, no+omy n+o onn oc+ynnr nocnpn+nm +onrko n
ynnkanrnom npoc+panc+ne, cosanaemom nmn camnmn. Bnykonre c+pyk+ypr .+o ne
cosnesn, pacnosnanaemre n pasnrx nonoennx n n pasnrx +onkax ne6ecnoro cnoa.
Cnyma+enr necnoco6en ne +onrko coo+nocn+r, no ae pasnnnn+r +ononre cosnesn, noka
onepnennoe nmn cnennqnneckoe npoc+panc+no ne n+ne+ ero n ce6 n ne c+ane+ ero
npoc+panc+nom.
* * *
Mysrkanrnoe npoc+panc+no npec+anne+ co6on cnennqnneckn sananym npo6nemy,
n ero nc+opn nmee+ nanano. Ono ne cymec+nye+ n mononnnrx mysrkanrnrx kynr+ypax, n
oc+annemom nmn onr+e npocne+nenn, ocno6oenn ns +emnnnr .ro, nocc+anonnenn
yxonnon nenoc+noc+n. Hpoc+panc+no nosnnkae+ nmec+e c cn+yannen, n ko+opon nenonek,
o6napynnmnn cnom o+rennnnoc+r, nr+ae+c nocpec+nom mysrkn opnen+npona+rc n
okpyammem ero mnpe n nan+n cno mec+o n nm. B cakpanrnom npoc+panc+ne
<c+p. 378>
nonnqonnn nenonek okasrnanc nepe +annon Borero rnena, mypoc+n n
mnnocepn, cknonnc n cmnpennn n nokannn n o6pe+an paoc+r npno6menn n
onnmenn.
Onrnmmnm 6rno o+kpr+ne cnoco6noc+n mysrkn nop+pe+nsnpona+r
nenonenecknn mnp co6r+nn no ncenosmonrx o6c+o+enrc+nax mnqonornnecknx,
nc+opnnecknx, peanrnrx n noo6paaemrx, c+pac+en, nync+nennrx nocnpn+nn,
konqnnk+on, mrcnn. H xo+ nonec+nonann o co6r+nx, pasrrprnanmnxc n .+nx
mysrkanrnrx nanmaq+ax, co npemenem c+anonnnncr nc 6onee +parnnnrmn,
6esrcxonrmn, yc+pamammnmn, komnosn+opon n cnyma+enen nosnarpaano cosnanne
+oro, n+o n mysrkanrnrx o+paennx mnp nc e coxpane+ cnre onep+ann,
nanpannennoc+r n nornky, ne nnmn cmrcna, onnpae+c na nesr6nemre nennoc+n.
B mysrkanrnrx noccosannx an+pononen+pnneckoro mnpa em npncy+c+nye+
omymenne yc+onnnnoc+n: secr mono konnen+pnpona+rc na penreqnrx cnsnrx
menonnecknx nex, epa+rc sa ny+enonym nn+r +onanrno-rapmonnneckoro
pasnn+n, n nm6on momen+ sna+r cno mec+o n pasnp+rnammenc nepcnek+nne.
C pasnoennem .+nx qopmoo6pasymmnx qak+opon ncnesano n omymenne
c+a6nnrnoc+n. Onncannoe En6eprom mysrkanrnoe npoc+panc+no nnmeno ne +onrko
+pannnonnrx ny+enrx snakon, no ae kapnnanrnrx +onek nepxa n nnsa n
cnsannoro c nnmn omymenn neca, +ec+n, semnoro +ro+enn, neamero n ocnone
npoc+panc+nennoro onr+a nenoneka. B cosanaemom nm coc+onnn nenecomoc+n penr
moe+ n+n ae ne o neyc+onnnnoc+n (npenonarammen cnom npo+nnonononoc+r,
yc+onnnnoc+r), no o6 a6conm+non neonpeennnoc+n n no+epe opnen+annn.
En6epr cosan, a ero nocneona+enn (npee ncero, Be6epn) pasnnnann
mysrkanrnym cnc+emy, c+pyk+ypno nsomopqnym mnpoomymennm sananoro nenoneka
n+opon nononnnr XX neka. Ha onm nocnenoennrx nokonennn monorx komnosn+opon
oc+anocr yc+pann+r cner c+pyk+ypnon cnmme+pnn o6ecnenn+r a6conm+nym
neo6pa+nmoc+r n nenpeckasyemoc+r nnenn mysrkn.
Cnepxoprannsonanna mysrka, mysrka cnyna, nmnponnsann 6es onopr na
kakym-nn6o moenr npnno+ k +pynopasnnnnmrm pesynr+a+am. Komnosn+opy 6onee
nenero ckasa+r o+ cnoero nnna. Tenepr on nnn+ cnom saany n cosannn ,-@>-12-4*0;.
Ceprsnomy cnyma+enm, npeoc+annennomy camomy ce6e, oc+ae+c o+6npa+r, o6oco6n+r
n kom6nnnpona+r snykonre .nemen+r, c+po ns nnx cno nnnnoe mysrkanrnoe
npoc+panc+no +onno +ak e, kak on c+pon+ nnnnrn mnp cnonx nkycon, y6eennn n
mnennn o mnpe, n ko+opom on nn+.

<c+p. 379>

!"%I#VNW%M
1 Ananda K. Coomaraswamy. The Transformation of Nature in Art. Dover
Publications (New York, 1934), p. 3 (anrnenmne ccrnkn n +ekc+e)
2 Hn+ no : John Meiendorff, St Gregory Palamas and Orthodox Spirituality. St.
Vladimir's Semmary Press (New York, 1974), pp. 21-22
3 Ibid., p. 23
4 The Confessions of St Augustine, Book X, Chapter XXXE.
5 John Meiendorff, op. cit., pp. 24,29
6 Ibid., pp. 59-60
7 Ibid., p. 62
8 Marius Schneider. "Primitive Music." The New Oxford History of Music, vol.
1, pp. 45-46
* published in Leipzig, 1921
9 O. Gosvami. The Story of Indian Music. Asia Publishing House, Bombay,
Calcutta, New Deli, Madras, pp. 3-4
10 Ibid., pp. 291-292
11 Roger Reynolds. Mind Models: New Forms of Musical Experience. (New
York, 1975), p. 221
12 John Blacking. How Musical Is Man? University of Washington Press (Seattle
and London, 1973), p. 27
13 Ibid., p. 110
14 Alec Harman. Mediaeval and Early Renaissance Music. Man and His Music,
vol. 1. Barrie and Rockliff (London, 1954), p. 108
15 Ibid., p. 110
<c+p. 380>
16 Johan Huizinga. The Waning of the Middle Ages. Doubleday and Company,
Inc. (Garden City, New York, 1954), pp. 67,123-124
17 Ludwig von Bertalanfly. "Perspectives in Art and Science." Perspectives on
General System Theory. George Braziller (New York, 1975), pp. 36-37
18 Gustave Reese. Music in the Middle Ages. (New York, 1940), p. 115
19 Harvard Dictionary of Music (Willi Apel, ed.) 2nd ed. (London, 1973), p. 167
20 Curt Sachs. The Commonwealth of Art. W. W. Norton and Company (New
York, 1946), pp. 252-253
21 Cm. npnm. 13 k 3-n rnane
22 H.H.Hoqqe. Mnc+epn n onepa (nemenkoe nckycc+no XVI-XVIII nn.).
hennnrpa, 1937, ee. 34, 35, 41
23 Alec Harman, Anthony Milner. Late Renaissance and Baroque Music. Man
and His Music, vol. 2. Barrie and Rockliff (London, 1962), p. 129
24 Hpnneeno n kn.: Charles Burney, General History of Music from the Earliest
Ages to the Present Period (London, 1776-1789). Harcourt, Brace and Company (New York,
1936), vol. 1, pp. 147-148
25 H.A.dnopencknn. O6pa+na nepcnek+nna. C6. Tpyr no snakonrm
cnc+emam, nrn. III. Tap+y. 1967. c. 385
26 Rene Leibowitz. Schoenberg and His School. A Da Capo Paperback (New
York, 1975), p. 109
27 Ibid., p. 190
28 Marshall McLuhan. Understanding Media: the Extensions of Man. A Signet
Book (New York, 1964), pp. 91-92
29 Arnold Schoenberg. "Composition with Twelve Tones" (1941). Style and Idea
(New York, 1950), p. 113
<c+p. 381>
65+,+ /0,8*+8: G+A5YF0230
"$)%RST%U&M (?"NG )#VW(&:%
O6mensnec+no, n+o name nn+yn+nnnoe omymenne npoonn+enrnoc+n mysrkanrnon
nrecr nenano n o6rnno omn6onno. Ho +o npnnnnam, ono n +o e connnenne kae+c
n onnx cnynax 6eckonenno nnnnrm, a n pyrnx cnnmkom kopo+knm. Onenkn nn
+enrnoc+n onpeennnon nrecr n rpynne cnyma+enen n onnakonrx ycnonnx 6rnam+
nac+onrko a6cypno npo+nnopennnrmn, n+o nosnnkae+ nckymenne cnec+r nx cnynannrmn
orakamn.
Ona ns nemnornx nsnec+nrx nonr+ok .kcnepnmen+anrno yc+anonn+r coo+nomenn
mey o6rek+nnnon nn+enrnoc+rm n e cy6rek+nnnon onenkon 6rna npenpnn+a n
nanane 20-x roon Benenon-3ksemnnpckon. [1] n ncnr+yemrx ncnonnnncr +pn
npenmnn Ckp6nna kaa nponrprnanacr +pn pasa, n .+o+ .kcnepnmen+ non+opnc c
nepeprnamn nar. Hocne .+oro ncnr+yemrm npenaranocr onenn+r npoonn+enrnoc+r
kaon npenmnn n mnny+ax n cekynax. Pesynr+a+r cneenr n +a6nnny.
<c+p. 382>




B omn6kax cy6rek+nnnon onenkn npoonn+enrnoc+n npenmnn ne+ nnnero
neonannoro, no nopasn+enrno +o, n+o n kaom o+enrnom cnynae cnyma+enn omn6anncr n
c+opony kak nepeonenkn, +ak n neoonenkn na neckonrko co+ nponen+on.
Bonee nosnne .kcnepnmen+r anann cxonre pesynr+a+r, xo+ n nnx omn6kn n ne
oc+nrann c+onr nopasn+enrnrx pasmepon. 3+o, no-nnnmomy, o6rcnnocr nnrm, ne
cnennqnneckn mysrkanrnrm noxoom k npo6neme. Po6ep+ Opnc+ann [2] ncnonrsonan n
cnonx onr+ax .nek+ponno renepnpyemre cnrnanr pasnnnnon cnonoc+n, a ne mysrky nnn
kakon-nn6o nnon ocmrcnennrn snykonon ma+epnan, a n onncannrx Tomacom deem [3]
.kcnepnmen+ax no nsynennm cy6rek+nnnon onenkn npo+nnoc+n npemennrx nponeccon
mysrke yennocr mnnnmanrnoe nnnmanne.
Heaekna+noc+r onenok nn+enrnoc+n nrecr, onennno, o6rcne+c neknmn
cy6rek+nnnrmn a66epannmn nocnpn+n, o ko+oprx mono nnmr c+pon+r orakn. Baana
em 6onee ycnone+c +em, n+o .+n a6eppannn ne +onrko noc+ nnnnrn xapak+ep, no n
o+nnnam+c kpannen nec+a6nnrnoc+rm. Bc .+o enae+ pesynr+a+r nx .kcnepnmen+anrnoro
nsynenn necrma nenanrmn. Mnoroe sanncn+ o+ noc+anonkn, me+oon nrnonnenn n
o6pa6o+kn .kcnepnmen+anrnrx annrx. B .+om cmrcne, nm6n+enrckne, ne6peno
noc+annennre n npoqeccnonanrnre, +ma+enrno kon+ponnpyemre .kcnepnmen+r mory+ a+r
onnakono o6mannnnre pesynr+a+r. He cneye+ ynycka+r ns nny n +o, n+o ynnkanrnoc+r,
nenocnponsnonmoc+r kaoro o+enrnoro ak+a mysrkanrnoro nocnpn+n enae+
nenosmonrm nakonnenne maccnna annrx, neo6xonmoro n c+a+nc+nneckon o6pa6o+kn.
<c+p. 383>
Hanpamnnae+c npenonoenne: n+o ecnn mnny+r n cekynr, ko+oprmn
onepnpym+ n ncnr+yemre, n nccneona+enr, o+noc+c k nocnpn+nm ne npemenn, kak
+akonoro, a nero-+o nnoro?.
dnnocoqr n qnnocoqckn mrcnnnmne ncnxonorn npomnoro 6rnn 6nne k pasrake
qenomenon n napaokcon nocnpn+n npemennrx nponeccon, nem conpemennre
.kcnepnmen+a+opr. Tak Bepknn, ncne sa Fo66com n hokkom, npenononn, n+o
nn+enrnoc+r onpeene+c konnnec+nom sanonnmmnx e nen nnn enc+nnn. Ha .+o
nocneonano nospaenne co c+oponr ero conpemennnka Tomaca Pna:

B 6onee cknonen nonara+r, n+o cnpanennno nen+o npmo npo+nnonononoe. Kora
nenoneka +epsae+ 6onr nnn onanne, on ena nn moe+ yma+r o nem-nn6o, kpome
cnoero c+paann; n nem 6onee .+o+ ennc+nennrn npeme+ nnaee+ ero ymom, +em
nnnnee kae+c npem. C pyron c+oponr, kora on ynnenn necenon mysrkon,
npn+non 6eceon nnn nnon nrpon yma, nmee+ mec+o, no-nnnmomy, necrma 6rc+pa
nocneona+enrnoc+r nen, no npem kae+c onenr kopo+knm. [4]

Hecmo+p na nnnmoe pacxoenne, o6a qnnocoqa npanr, n nym c+one+nmn
nose Ynnrm enmc nonr+anc npnmnpn+r nx nsrnr. On nncan:

Boo6me ronop, npem, sanonnennoe pasnoo6pasnrmn n nn+epecnrmn
nnena+nennmn, kae+c kopo+knm npn ero nponnannn, no nnnnrm n
nocnomnnannn, +ora kak nyc+on o+pesok npemenn kae+c nnnnrm npn ero
npoxoennn, no kopo+knm npn pe+pocnek+nnnom nsrne na nero. [5]

Bnponem, secr nosnnkae+ nona saraka: ner, ncnomnna nyc+oe npem kak necrma
kopo+koe, mr nomnnm +ake, kaknm onrnm ono kasanocr; a ncnomnna, kaknm onrnm n
nmec+n+enrnrm nam kasanocr nacrmennoe nnena+nennmn npem, mr, +em ne menee, nomnnm,
kak 6rc+po ono npomenrknyno. Kak e na c+onr necxonx o6pasa onoro n +oro e o+peska
npemenn mory+ cocymec+nona+r n nam+n?
Honre .kcnepnmen+anrnre nccneonann ena nn o6rcn+ .+y nny+penne
npo+nnopennnym nonnym cnc+emy onenkn. Knmnom k nen ckopee moe+ nocnyn+r
+eope+nnecknn ananns ak+a mysrkanrnoro nocnpn+n. Ero cneye+ non+r kak npoyk+
nsanmosanncnmoc+en mey onpeennnrmn nepemennrmn qak+opamn, ncnonrsy
na6nmenn, nakonnennre nokonennmn mysrkan+on, n +om nncne camona6nmenn, n 6onee
o6mne coo6paenn o6 onr+e nepennann nenonekom npemenn n nn+enrnoc+n.
<c+p. 384>
Ak+ nocnpn+n mysrkanrnoro npemenn yo6no npec+ann+r n nne konnen+yanrnon
moenn nsanmosanncnmoc+n mey rnannrmn nepemennrmn. Takonr o6rek+nnna
nn+enrnoc+r annoro ak+a nocnpn+n (T) n mkana, no ko+opon .+a nn+enrnoc+r
cy6rek+nnno onennnae+c (t). B coo+ne+c+nnn c npnnnnnom nnnennoc+n npemenn,
npenonaraemrm konnnec+nennrmn nsmepennmn n cyennmn, .+n nepemennre
npec+annenr npmrmn. 3+n npmre nc+penam+c no neko+oprm yrnom (a), nockonrky, n
cnny pacxoennn mey peanrnon nn+enrnoc+rm n e onenkon, onn connaam+ +onrko n
nanane koopnna+, n nynenon momen+ (0). Onenky a6conm+non nn+enrnoc+n (T) e
npoeknnm na ocr (t), ono ns nsmepennn cy6rek+nnno nocnpnnnmaemon nn+enrnoc+n
6yem nasrna+r 7.-0A*3,2=> ,.0>020> (t
p
).



Bcno, n+o npn onpeennnom noc+onnom snanennn T npoek+nnnoe npem sanncn+
+onrko o+ nennnnnr yrna: ono +em menrme, nem mnpe yron (a). Ero mono nasna+r yrnom
spenn, no ko+oprm nocnpnnnmae+c anna nreca, o+nomennem cnyma+en k
nocnpnnnmaemomy mysrkanrnomy qenomeny, c+enenrm ero sann+epeconannoc+n.
He+ neo6xonmoc+n o6rcn+r, n+o .+o+ qak+op ne moe+ nsyna+rc o6rek+nnno n
onennna+rc konnnec+nenno. H nc e on o+paae+ nen+o peanrnoe n ne moe+ 6r+r
ncknmnn ns anannsa. Yron spenn cnyma+en xapak+epnc+nka ne +onrko a6conm+no
nnnna, no n npesnrnanno nenoc+onna. Ona o+paae+ coc+onne cnyma+en n annom ak+e
nocnpn+n, c+enenr ero nornomnnoc+n nponcxomnm n mysrke n, n konennom cn+e, ero
onenky e coepa+enrnoc+n. Bc .+o sanncn+ ne +onrko o+ camon mysrkn, no n o+
onnnemoro em nnnnoro onr+a cnyma+en, ero nac+poenn, nnnmann, nocnpnnmnnnoc+n n
mene+c o+ onoro ak+a nocnpn+n annoro connnenn k pyromy. Hepnoe nnena+nenne o+
nrecr nenon+opnmo, n npn kaon nonon nc+pene c nen n nocnpn+nn ynac+nye+ necr
nakonnennrn panee onr+. C+enenr sann+epeconan-
<c+p. 385>
noc+n, a nmec+e c nen n npoek+nnnoe npem, kone6ne+c ae n npeenax ennnnnoro ak+a
nocnpn+n, n npenaraemym narpammy cneye+ no.+omy paccma+pnna+r kak ennnnnym
mrnonennym qo+orpaqnm nnamnnnoro nponecca.
Yron ! mono nasna+r +ake xapak+epnc+nkon A+1BO0;48 75-*2-4*3 4-C=*3;,
nonnma no co6r+nem nm6ym nepemeny nanpannenn, neonannoc+r, nonrn .nemen+ +oro
nnn nnoro poa, n ko+oprx cnyma+enr o+a+ ce6e o+n+. 3+o onpeenenne, no cy+n,
+oec+nenno nperymemy: o6a onn ykasrnam+ na onn n +o+ e qak+op, nnnmmnn na
nepennanne n onenky nn+enrnoc+n npemennoro nponecca. Ennc+nennoe pasnnnne mey
nnmn coc+on+ n +om, n+o n+opoe onpeenenne npenonarae+ ne +onrko c+enenr nonnennnoc+n
cnyma+en n mysrkanrnoe nepennanne, no n yponenr ero mysrkanrnon komne+ennnn
cnoco6noc+n nqqepennnpona+r n cone+a+r .nemen+r mysrkanrnon +kann.
C+enenrm mysrkanrnon noro+onkn, o6rmom nakonnennoro onr+a, cnoco6noc+rm
konnen+pannn, sanomnnann n +.. onpeenm+c nonno+a n aekna+noc+r nocnpn+n
mysrkanrnoro coo6menn. Hem 6orane npomnrn mysrkanrnrn n o6mnn
nn+ennek+yanrnrn, nync+nennrn, .monnonanrnrn onr+ cnyma+en, +em mnoronncnennee
+onkne e+ann, ko+opre on cnoco6en pasnnnn+r n onenn+r, n +em nrme nno+noc+r co6r+nn,
na6nmaemrx nm n annom connnennn .
B +enenne pa ne+, cnyma ye snakomym mysrky, on o6napynnae+ n nen nonre
komnosnnnonnre e+ann, coo+nomenn, cnsn, nc+onnnkn kpaco+r n cmrcna. Ba+em
noc+enenno nac+ynae+ c+an nacrmenn: .nemen+ neonannoc+n n o+kpr+n y6rnae+ n
na cmeny emy npnxon+ ysnananne snakomoro. Hekora rny6okne, cnene nnena+nenn
+epm+ nonnsny, c+anon+c npeckasyemrmn nepec+am+ nocnpnnnma+rc kak co6r+n, n
nx cy6rek+nnno nepennaema nno+noc+r pesko y6rnae+. Tonrko conepmenno nona
ncnonnn+enrcka nn+epnpe+ann annoro connnenn nnn kpy+a nepemena nnnnon
cnyma+enrckon nepcnek+nnr moe+ o6pa+n+r .+o+ nponecc. Tnnnnnoe nsmenenne nnnnoro
yrna spenn no o+nomennm k onpeennnomy o6pasny knaccnneckoro penep+yapa na
npo+ennn ne+ mono npec+ann+r kpnnon na cneymmen c+pannne.
Mnorne ncnxonorn cornacnr n +om, n+o kaymeec nncno co6r+nn na ennnny
npemenn nenocpec+nenno nnne+ na nocnpn+ne n onenky nn+enrnoc+n. Kak nponnna+enrno
same+nn em n nanane namero neka Feqnnr, nonno+y coepann mr cnmnonnneckn
nrpaaem npo+ennem no npemenn. [6] Bnocnec+nnn .+o+ qak+op onpeennc kak
xapak+ep nocnpnnnmaemrx nsmenennn, [7] mrc-
<c+p. 386>
nennoe coepanne, [8] nnn o6pasr [9] n cnsrnanc c sakonamn nponecca o6pa6o+kn
nnqopmannn n nenoneke.



Mnmon cymmnpye+:

dak+opnrn ananns hoennna [10] na ceronmnnn enr nne+c nan6onee
cnc+ema+nnecknm nccneonannem qak+opon, o+ne+c+nennrx sa neonoponoc+r
cy6rek+nnnoro npemenn. On o6napynn ne+rpe qak+opa, ynac+nymmnx n pemennn
konkpe+nrx saan no onenke npemenn, n onpeennn nx kak onnosnnnn 32*0.042-E- n
4ABF2-E-, @+7-52022=0 nnn 7B4*=0 nn+epnanr, +A*3,2-4*J nnn 7+443,2-4*J
cy6rek+a n c+enenr 7-,*-.2-4*3... [11]

Taknm o6pasom, mr o6napynnaem npemennoe nsmepenne mysrkanrnoro onr+a,
npnnnnnnanrno o+nnnnoe o+ npoek+nnnoro npemenn. O6a onn onennnam+c no onon n +on
e npemennon mkane, no o+paam+ necrma pasnre acnek+r mysrkanrnoro onr+a. Ono ns
nnx nne+c cy6rek+nnnrm o+nena+kom, npoeknnen ero /53*05J2-4*3, pyroe e
xapak+epnsye+ o6rm ero 4-/0.1+238 n no+omy ero mono onpeenn+r kak ,.0>8
4-@0.K+238 (t
c
).
n cnyma+en nepennaemre nm co6r+n nponcxo+ n camon mysrke, n npeenax
e nn+enrnoc+n (T), n no+omy ona onna san+r n namen moenn mec+o .kpana, na
ko+oprn npoennpye+c cy6rek+nnno onennnaemoe coepanne annon nrecr.



<c+p. 387>

Hpnnyr nocnpn+n n onenkn npemenn mysrkanrnoro onr+a c6nnam+ c +onky ne
+onrko nenckymnnrx cnyma+enen, no n camnx komnosn+opon. Tak, connn B+opym kan+a+y,
op. 31, Be6epn nncan Bnnnn Panxy: E npoonn+enrnoc+r nonnaca. [12] Hose, sakonnnn
nap+n+ypy n cna6nn e nopo6nrmn me+ponomnnecknmn ykasannmn, on nepecmo+pen
nepnonananrnym onenky, cokpa+nn e o 16 mnny+. Onako npoonn+enrnoc+r ncnonnenn
B+opon kan+a+r ne npenrmae+ 10 mnny+. Pa6o+a na Bapnannmn n opkec+pa, op. 30,
Be6epn nncan +omy e koppecnonen+y: Hreca sannmae+ o6pym ne+nep+r naca. [13] B
nap+n+ype ykasano: Hpoonn+enrnoc+r 9

1/2 mnny+. Peanrna e npoonn+enrnoc+r
mey 6 n 7 mnny+amn. C+pannncknn, o+ananmnn ce6e 6onee cnrn o+n+ n c+pannoc+x
noneenn npemenn n mysrke, nncan: B snam, n+o neko+opre pasenr "Arona" coepa+
n+poe 6onrme mysrkn na onn n +o+ e o+pesok npemenn, nem neko+opre pyrne mon
nemn. [14] H+o em on mor nme+r n nny, ecnn ne y+poennym nno+noc+r co6r+nn?
Hs ne+rpx nsanmocnsannrx nepemennrx nennnnn namen moenn +onrko ona ocr
nn+enrnoc+r nmee+ o+nomenne k npemenn, noa+c nsmepennm n konnnec+nennon
onenke. ne pyrnx npec+annm+ co6on knasnnpemennre nsmepenn, o+paammne
kanec+nennre acnek+r nocnpn+n mysrkanrnoro connnenn n neoc+ynnre nncnonomy
nrpaennm.
Oco6enno nn+epecno +o, n+o n nnamnke mysrkanrnoro onr+a 7.-0A*3,2-0 ,.0>8 n
,.0>8 4-@0.K+238 menm+c n npmo npo+nnonononrx nanpannennx. Hpn saannon
npoonn+enrnoc+n nrecr (T-const), nem nrme kaymac nno+noc+r co6r+nn (!), +em
kopone npoek+nnnoe npem n +em nnnnee npem cosepnann. H nao6opo+: no mepe yracann
nn+epeca cnyma+en, .+n na knasnnpemennrx nsmepenn c6nnam+c.
Paccmo+pnm npeenrnre cnynan, n ko+oprx c+enenr sann+epeconannoc+n cnnae+c
o nyn n npn6nnae+c k makcnmanrnon. Hepnrn coo+ne+c+nye+ cn+yannn ckynammero
penensen+a, nrnyennoro no onry cny6r n +rcnnrn pas cnyma+r connnenne, ko+opoe
nsnec+no emy nonr n nonepk n ne coepn+ nnkaknx cmpnpnson. B naccnnnom ysnanannn
anno snakomoro ero nn+ennek+, .monnn n noo6paenne npnnnmam+ mnnnmanrnoe ynac+ne.
Hnn+o ne +penon+ ero nync+no npemenn, n ero onenka nn+enrnoc+n ncnonnenn 6ye+
non+n aekna+non.
<c+p. 388>


Cornacno onon ns ncnxoqnsnonornnecknx rnno+es, name nync+no npemenn
6asnpye+c na nokasannx 6nonornnecknx nacon arnomepa+a noc+onnrx oprannnecknx
pn+mon c nepnoamn, npoc+npammnmnc o+ onen cekynr o neenr, mecnen n ne+. Ecnn
nokasann 6nonornnecknx nacon ne ncera nn+am+c npannnrno, +o .+o o6rcne+c +em,
n+o onn cnnomr n pom sa+emnm+c n nckaam+c ncnxnnecknmn n qnsnonornnecknmn
nponeccamn pasnnnnon nn+encnnnoc+n n okpackn, conponoaemrmn nync+namn
yononrc+nn nnn nckomqop+a, yonne+nopenn nnn neyonne+nopnnoc+n, nanpennem
nnn paccna6nennem.
B knnre Ec+ec+nenna qnnocoqn npemenn Yn+poy o6rcne+ 6onee +onnoe, nem
o6rnno, nync+no npemenn y nmen, naxomnxc n coc+onnn rnnnosa nnn no enc+nnem
napko+nkon, +em, n+o n +aknx coc+onnx e+enrnoc+r cosnann nnnnnyyma nn6o
noanne+c, nn6o o6oco6ne+c o+ 6nonornnecknx nponeccon n ne nnne+ na nx o+paenne n
yme.
Mysrka, n cnny ak+nnnoro (mono ckasa+r, arpeccnnnoro) xapak+epa cnoero
nosenc+nn, ne onyckae+ noo6noro o6oco6nenn. Ona nonnekae+ n ak+ nap+nnnnannn ncero
cnyma+en. Hpnnennre n Fnane n+opon cnona Konnena

nenpeprnna yc+pemnennoc+r mysrkn nnep saxna+rnae+ nnonne: c onon c+oponr,
ona, kak kae+c, oc+anannnnae+ camo npem, sanonn onpeennnoe npemennoe
npoc+panc+no, a c pyron, npec+anne+c +ekymen nepe namnm nsopom c nanopom n
cnepkannem morynen pekn

nokpennm+ mrcnr o nonnon cnc+eme knasnnpemennrx onenok nn+enrnoc+n
connnenn.
Baxna+rnammnn nanop +enenn mysrkn cosa+c nenpeprnnoc+rm nsmenennn,
no+okom nepennaemrx cnyma+enem co6r+nn pasnp+rnannem e 4-/0.1+*05J2-Y
nnana. Omymenne e, n+o mysrka oc+anannnnae+ npem n npenkymenne saknmnn+enrnoro
apxn+ek+ypnoro yonne+nopenn cnsanr c noc+nennem e konc+pyknnn, Q-.>=.
Coepa+enrnrn n qopmanrnrn nnanr nepasrennnmr, no nx nosenc+nne n nocnpn+ne
onnpam+c na npesnr-
<c+p. 389>
nanno pasnre +nnr ncnxoqnsnneckon ak+nnnoc+n, n c+onr e pasnnnnr nx npemennre
.knnnanen+r.
Bpem cosepnann nno cnsano c nepennannem cmrcnon, +ora kak npoek+nnnoe
npem o+paae+ c+enenr noccosann o6men oprannsannn mysrkanrnoro qenomena n
cosnannn cnyma+en. Hem 6onrme o6rm nepennaemrx nm n mysrke co6r+nn, +em nnnnee
npem cosepnann; nem ycnemnee on cxna+rnae+ .nemen+r, yc+anannnnae+ nepapxnneckne
cnsn n npenocxnmae+ konc+pyknnm nenoro, +em kopone npoek+nnnoe npem.
Coo6ma cno nnena+nenne o nn+enrnoc+n nrecr n mnny+ax n cekynax, cnyma+enr
moe+ onncrna+r nn6o +o+, nn6o pyron ns .+nx nyx acnek+on mysrkanrnoro onr+a. Takono,
no-nnnmomy, nan6onee npanonoo6noe o6rcnenne nenoc+nnmrx pacxoennn no
npemennrx onenkax, o6napyennrx Benenon-3ksemnnpckon.



Pannomepnoe pacnpeenenne nnnmann mey no+okom mysrkanrnrx co6r+nn n
c+anonnennem qopmr, nonna yc+anonka nocnpn+n ena nn oc+nnmr. Hepennanne
cmrcnon, nn+encnnnoe .monnonanrnoe coynac+ne, conponoaemoe 6ora+on nrpon qan+asnn n
acconnannn, 6eccnopno nne+c nan6onee pacnpoc+pannnon yc+anonkon. B .+om cnynae
kaymac nn+enrnoc+r onpeene+c n coo+ne+c+nnn c npemenem cosepnann, cosana
nrcokym nepo+noc+r npeynennnennrx onenok n+o n nokasann .kcnepnmen+r co
ckp6nncknmn npenmnmn. C pyron c+oponr, omn6kn npnymenrmenn ckopee
xapak+epnsym+ 6onee npocnemnnoro, no nrpaennm Konnena, anann+nneckn mrcnmero
cnyma+en, coc+annmmero menrmnnc+no; +akon cnyma+enr c+pemn+c k onomomen+nomy
oxna+y mysrkanrnoro nenoro n pamkax pacmnpennoro nac+omero n coo6mae+ cnom onenky
npoek+nnnoro npemenn.
<c+p. 390>
* * *
Cnoco6noc+r cxna+rna+r n yepnna+r 6onee nnn menee o+n+nnnrn mrnonennrn
o6pas mysrkanrnoro nenoro, o+nnnamma nm6oro komne+en+noro sananoro cnyma+en, ne
naxon+ o6rcnenn n +eopnn mysrkn n necrma neoxo+no npnsnae+c ncnxonoramn. Onako o6
.+om c+pannom qenomene mnorokpa+no cnne+enrc+nonann n mysrkan+r, n nm6n+enn mysrkn.
B knnre Besnpemennrn momen+ Yopnep Annen onncrnae+ ono ns +aknx cnonx
nepennannn:

3+o 6rno noo6no ncnrmke monnnn no npem ncnonnenn 6e+ xonenckon Cermon
cnmqonnn n +pnymqanrnon 6rc+pon nac+n... C+pemn+enrnrn no+ok mysrkn ne
npepnanc, n +o, n+o T.C.3nno+ nasrnae+ n+opennem 6esnpemennoro momen+a,
onno 6r+r npockonrsnyno re-+o mey nym mec+nana+rmn... Beccnonecnrn
no+ok cnonrx nync+nonannn... n cone+annn c pn+mnnecknm nnennem mysrkn 6rn
noo6en cnnnm connennrx nynen n nonon nrnn na noonaom. [16]

Hn+epecno, n+o n onom ns cnne+enrc+n, npnnennrx n knnre Ynnrma enmca
Pasnnoo6pasne pennrnosnoro onr+a, onncanne onr+a 6oec+nennoro Hpncy+c+nn
nocne+c no ananornn c mysrkanrnrm nnena+nennem.

O6rnnoe omymenne okpyammnx npeme+on ncnesno. B .+o mrnonenne ne
oc+ananocr nnnero, kpome nenrpasnmon paoc+n n noc+opra. Henosmono onnca+r .+o
nepennanne. Ono 6rno noxoe na nnena+nenne o+ 6onrmoro opkec+pa, kora nce
o+enrnre no+r cnnannm+c n ennym pas6yxammym rapmonnm, oc+annmmym y
cnyma+en ennc+nennoe nync+no, n+o ero yma nosnocn+c n ena ne pasprnae+c o+
nepenonnmmnx e .monnn. [17]

An+op nac+o nn+npyemoro nncrma, ko+opoe +pannnonno npnnncrnae+c Monap+y,
onncrnae+ cnom cnoco6noc+r cnrma+r nc connnenne ne ono sa pyrnm, kak .+o 6ye+
snyna+r, a kak 6r nc cpasy. Cornacno nsnec+nomy cnne+enrc+ny Enoccepa, Be+xonen +ak
onncrnan cnon +nopnecknn nponecc: Beyma ne nnkora ne noknae+ men. Ona
normae+c, ona pac++, cnrmy n nny nosnnkammnn nepeo mnom o6pas no nm6rm yrnom,
kak ecnn 6r on 6rn o+nn+. [18]
Xo+ an+opc+no o6onx cnne+enrc+n c+ann+c no nonpoc, onn kacam+c onr+a,
ko+oprn n +on nnn nnon c+enenn snakom mnornm mysrkan+am n naxon+ kocnennoe
no+nepenne n o6mem npnsnannn +oro, n+o cnmynr+annoe noc+nenne mysrkanrnon qopmr
kak
<c+p. 391>
ennonpemennoro nenoro nosmono n ena+enrno. Xapak+epno, n+o cnom mrcnr o mysrke kak
ennc+nennon o6nac+n, n ko+opon nenonek peannsye+ nac+omee n ocno6oae+c o+
+ekynec+n npemenn, C+pannncknn +ake cnsrnae+ c onpeennnrm noc+poennem,
mysrkanrnon konc+pyknnen.
B nenoc+nom cxna+rnannn mysrkanrnon qopmr nanym ponr, 6eccnopno, nrpae+
nam+r, no .+o+ qenomen nenrs o6rcnn+r npoc+rm sanomnnannem ncex snykonrx cnaraemrx
connnenn; n .+om cnynae, pesynr+a+om 6rn 6r ne c+ponnrn o6pas, a ryn, nanoo6ne +oro, n+o
nsa+ ponr npn nrpe c noc+onno naa+on npanon neanrm.
B neane, cnyma+enr o+a+ ce6e o+n+ n kaom mrnonennn snynann, nnnma+enrno
cnen+ sa nnennem mysrkn, no sanomnnae+ on ne .nemen+apnym nocneona+enrnoc+r snykon,
a nx kon+ypr, noc+poenn, conokynnoc+n o+nomennn pn+mnneckne qnrypr, menonneckne
qpasr, kaanconre qopmynr.
Ho sanomnnanne .+nx ennc+n c+ann+ nepe namn +o+ e, xo+ n menrmero macm+a6a
nonpoc, n+o n cxna+rnanne nenoro. Pn+m, menon, kaanc nnm+c ennc+namn ne n cnyxa.
Mr cnrmnm nnmr o6pasymmne nx, cmenmmne pyr pyra momen+r snynann. B karn
momen+ cnyxy oc+ynen +onrko onnonnrn +on menonn, onnonnrn akkop nnn yap pn+ma.
ae manoro macm+a6a ennc+no npenonarae+ npennenne, peannsye+c na ocnone
npecymec+nymmen rnno+e+nneckon moenn n, +aknm o6pasom, nrxon+ sa npeenr
mrnonennoro nac+omero.
Hac+omee npec+anne+c 6eckonenno manon +onkon +onrko n a6c+paknnn.
Henoneneckoe nac+omee nnonne nsmepnmo. 3+o kpa+nanma nn+enrnoc+r pasenrno
nocnpnnnmaemrx .nemen+on. E .kcnepnmen+anrno yc+anonnenna nennnnna panna 100-50
mnnnncekynam nn+enrnoc+n no+r n 6rc+pom naccae nnn qonemr n 6rc+pon penn.
Onako nenoneneckoe cennac mnoro nmec+n+enrnee. Bnaroap cnoen
nnepnnonnoc+n, cencopna nam+r n +enenne kopo+koro npemenn coxpane+ cne,
nocnecnenenne cepnn mrnonennrx nnena+nennn, nosnon +aknm o6pasom oxna+n+r e n
nenom, nanoo6ne +paek+opnn me+eopn+a nnn +paccnpymmen nynn. Knen nasnan .+o npem
kaymnmc nac+omnm. [19]
Hcnxonorn no-pasnomy onennnann a6conm+nym npoonn+enrnoc+r kaymeroc
nac+omero. Ynnrm enmc n Hpnnnnnax ncnxonornn nonarae+, n+o ono moe+ oc+nra+r
12 cekyn. Kyp+ Bakc +ake cnn+ae+ 12 cekyn makcnmanrnon nn+enrnoc+rm, n rpann-
<c+p. 392>
nax ko+opon nosmono ononpemennoe cxna+rnanne cepnn o+n+nnno pasnnnaemrx co6r+nn.
[20] Benena-3ksemnnpcka npenononna, n+o nn+enrnoc+r +akoro o+peska kone6ne+c
n npeenax o+ 0,5 o 6 cekyn. [21] Hrepon ykasrnae+ 5-6 cekyn, [22] Monr nasrnae+
npomey+ok o+ 1 o 10 cekyn nenocpec+nennon nam+rm n 5-10 cekyn npemenem
nacrmenn. [23] 3+nm pacxoennm, nnponem, ne cnnmkom snann+enrnrm, ynnn+rc ne
npnxon+c: kak same+nn Xane, npnpoa nac+omero +akona, n+o ero npo+nnoc+r
+onno yc+anonn+r nenosmono. [24]
Kaymeec nac+omee onpeene+c, nomnmo ncero nponero, xapak+epom
nocnpnnnmaemon cepnn co6r+nn. Onennno, n+o cnsnoc+r, npoc+o+a n ynoponennoc+r
cnnrno pasnnram+ ero rpannnr. Mr 6es oco6rx ycnnnn sanomnnaem nnnnoe npenoenne
nnn menonm, no moem okasa+rc necnoco6nrmn sanomnn+r mnoro 6onee kopo+kym cepnm
6eccnsnrx cnoron nnn +onon nponsnonrnon nrco+r. He+pyno y6en+rc c xponome+pom n
pykax n +om, n+o n orpomnom 6onrmnnc+ne cnynaen nsnoenne mysrkanrnon nen n sananon
mysrke ne nrxon+ sa npeenr 10-12 cekyn.
Ho non+n cnsnoc+n n 6eccnsnoc+n, npoc+o+r n cnonoc+n, ynoponennoc+n n
nponsnonrnoc+n ne npoenr n ne a6conm+nr. Onn qopmnpym+c konkpe+nrm kynr+ypnrm
onr+om napy c na6opom c+pyk+ypnrx moenen-c+epeo+nnon, nomorammnx noc+nrny+r
(+onnee, onosna+r) kpa+nanmym cepnm co6r+nn kak ennc+no n kaymemc nac+omem.
Bnykonon no+ok +en+ n sapanee noro+onnennom noe, sanonn ero, nrnn ero
npoqnnr n onep+ann. Ho +ak eno o6c+on+ y komne+en+nrx komnosn+opon, mysrkan+on,
cnyma+enen, pacnonarammnx o6mnpnrm sanacom moenen snannmoro mysrkanrnoro
noneenn. n nnx cnyma+r mysrky snann+ ncka+r n naxon+r nopok n snykonom no+oke,
6r+r nonnennnrm n nenpeprnnrn nponecc pemenn npo6nem o+6npa+r ns nannnnoro
sanaca aekna+nre moenn, c+pon+r rnno+esr nepo+noro npoonenn, koppek+npona+r nx
no mepe noc+ynnenn nnqopmannn, coenn+r manre ennc+na n 6onrmne, nonrsycr
moenmn 6onrmnx macm+a6on, noka n cosnannn ne nosnnkae+ npec+annenne ennc+na
connnenn kak nenoro. H nananrnrm .+anom, enammnm nosmonrm nce nocneymmne,
cnyn+ .nemen+apnoe ennc+no, pacnosnanaemoe n kaymemc nac+omem.
He Ben+cona o6 .qqek+nnnoc+n n .konomnn nepapxnneckn oprannsonannoro
noneenn, nsnoenna n nanane rnanr mec+on, nannynmnm o6pasom no+nepae+c n
nnnmc+pnpye+c mysrkon. Moenr, nsnec+na cnyma+enm, moe+ 6r+r onosnana ae n +om
<c+p. 393>
cnynae, ecnn ona npec+annena nnmr cnonm qparmen+om nnn ae namkom. Hpnnnnn pars pro
toto, nac+r nmec+o nenoro, .konomn+ cnyma+enm maccy ycnnnn n npemenn. Kpome +oro,
moenn pasnnnnrx yponnen n macm+a6on coennenr cnonrmn nepekpc+nrmn cnsmn:
kaa npenonarae+ n ak+nnnsnpye+ onpeennnrn na6op pyrnx moenen (kak, nanpnmep,
nononnnnrn kaanc cosa+ onanne nonnoro kaanca n sanepmnnoro cnmme+pnnnoro
nepno a, a cmena +ema+nsma n cnnr n +onanrnoc+r omnnan+r cnyn+ nepnrm
npesnamenonannem +oro, n+o nenoe moe+ okasa+rc cona+non qopmon).
Hsnec+no, n+o ocnoennrn nnn snakomrn no onncannm mapmpy+ kae+c kopone
conepmenno nonon n nesnakomon oporn. Ysnananne nnn onpananmac oraka cokpamae+
pemenne npo6nemr, .konomn+ .neprnm n nrc+n+ .ro, nrsrna nync+no yononrc+nn,
yonne+nopenn c cony+c+nymmnm emy omymennem yckopenn npemenn: +akne coc+onn
ncera npoxo+ cnnmkom ckopo. Komne+en+nrn cnyma+enr, nocnpnnnmammnn xopomo
oprannsonannoe connnenne, cknonen cnnrno npnymenrma+r ero npoonn+enrnoc+r.
Hocneona+enrnoe noc+nenne nepapxnn mysrkanrnrx c+pyk+yp nospac+ammnx
macm+a6on conponoae+c nporpeccnnnrm cokpamennem kaymenc nn+enrnoc+n n n
konennom cn+e ne+ k onomomen+nomy, cnmynr+annomy npec+annennm nenoro. Hmenno
+akon cmrcn cnon C+pannnckoro o6 onpeennnom noc+poennn, 6naroap ko+opomy
mysrka nnocn+ nopok n... o+nomenn mey nenonekom n npemenem , a+ nosmonoc+r
omy+n+r, kak nen+o peanrnoe, a cneona+enrno, n yc+onnnnoe, nac+omee.
B nponecce nocnpn+n macm+a6non komnosnnnn npec+annenn e c+pyk+yp
nn+erpnpym+c, cnpecconrnam+c n, nakonen, o6pasym+ npoeknnm na .kpane, nnmnnom
npemennoro nsmepenn. B cna6on c+enenn nm6on cpennn cnyma+enr cnoco6en npec+ann+r
ce6e cona+y nnn cnmqonnm ne n pasnp+rnannn, kak .+o snynano n nero, a kak 6r ncm
cpasy. Bonee +oro, mono y+nepa+r, n+o nenoc+nrn nnenpemennon o6pas nponsneenn,
xo+ 6r n necnrn n e+anx, nanee coxpane+c n ero nam+n, nem konkpe+nre
mysrkanrnre nen n nopke nx nonnenn n pasnn+n.
Okasrnae+c, n+o na pacxomnxc nnana nocnpn+n mysrkanrnoro npemenn
c+pyk+ypno opnen+nponannoro npoek+nnnoro npemenn n nanonnennoro co6r+nmn npemenn
cosepnann nponsno+ poc+nennrn .qqek+ y+pa+r o6rek+nnnoro nync+na npemenn,
neorpannnenno pacmnpmmeroc n nmeroc mrnonenn. B +aknx cnynax nenano,
onennnae+ nn cnyma+enr nn+enrnoc+r nrecr n 5 cekyn nnn n 30 mnny+. Hem ycnemnee on
konnen+pnpye+c na
<c+p. 394>
mysrkanrnon oprannsannn, +em 6nne on noxon+ k nynenomy npemenn e conepmennoro
noc+nenn; nem rny6e ero nnnmanne norpyae+c n snynamnn no+ok, +em mnoronncnennee
cosepnaemre nm co6r+n, n +em mnpe pasnnram+c kaymnec npeenr kaoro mrnonenn.
Hepnrn ny+r sananrn, n+opon noc+onnrn, n karn ns nnx no-cnoemy ne+
k onr+y mnqonornneckoro npemenn onr+y, ko+oprn Hpnc+nn onncan cnonamn nc
ononpemenno, a ne ono sa pyrnm, a Mymapaq Mynanna Xan kak mrnonennoc+r ( at-one-
ment ).
Brnaenne ns npemenn nnn ocno6oenne o+ pa6c+na npemenn, onr+, ko+oprn
+ak +pyno o6rcnn+r pannonanrnrm srkom ncnxonornn, npec+anne+ co6on o6mnn
mnpoko pacnpoc+pannnrn mo+nn naponrx neren n mnqon mnornx napoon.
B nonckon nonme6non ckaske ronopn+c o pr6ake Ypamnma Tapo, ko+oprn n
narpay sa cnacenne nepenaxn 6rn npnrnamn no nopen Mopckoro pakona, re nponn +pn
n, a nepnynmncr n cnom epennm, ysnan, n+o o+cy+c+nonan cemrco+ ne+. Hepeko .+o+
mo+nn cnsrnae+c c mysrkon. oc+a+onno nanomnn+r o6 Opqee, nr nenne n nrpa na nnpe
sac+annnn npnpoy sac+r+r n nenonnnoc+n; o qnen+e Kpnmnr ronoce nennon
peanrnoc+n, snynamem ns-sa nyann Mann, Bennkon Hnnmsnn, n +om nncne nnnmsnn npemenn n
konennoc+n no npemenn. Pyccka nerena pacckasrnae+ o kpec+rnnne, o6napynnmem n
pemynem necy nepkonr, ns ko+opon onocnnocr nenne; npocnyman onn +onrko npmoc, on
nepnync omon n ysnan o+ rny6okoro c+apnka, n+o 6onee c+a ne+ nasa nenonek c ero nmenem
ymn n nec, n 6onrme nnk+o ero ne nnen.
Takonr nnmr neko+opre ns mnoronncnennrx o+paennn o6menenoneneckoro
apxe+nna ocno6oenn o+ npemenn, nennoro mnra, ko+opre necrma 6nnskn onncannm
mnc+nneckoro onr+a, nmenyemoro 4-2->+>+ n Bnonnn, 4+A.+>+ n Hnnn, ,+X* n Typnnn,
/+X. no-apa6ckn, A+3.-4 no-rpeneckn n +ak anee.
Men+a+nnnoe coc+onne, nasrnaemoe .+nmn nmenamn, ne o6sa+enrno cnsano c
.qqek+om mysrkn. Ho mysrka, no-nnnmomy, cosa+ nannynmym nosmonoc+r n cnyn+
nan6onee 6naroapnrm nocpennkom n oc+nennn +akoro coc+onn.
Hna+on nncan n Tnmee,

Hpnpoa neanrnoro 6r+n nenna, no naenn+r .+nm cnonc+nom no ncen ero
nonno+e +napr 6rno nenosmono. H no+omy on /Bor/ pemnn cosa+r nnymnnc
o6pas nennoc+n, n kora on yc+anonnn nopok n ne6ecax, on cenan .+o+ o6pas
nennrm, no nnymnmc... n .+o+ o6pas mr nasrnaem npemenem. [34]
<c+p. 395>
Hs ncero, n+o cymec+nye+ n mnpe, ns ncex nemen co+nopennrx, mysrkanrnrn snyk
ec+r nnc+enma n nannonnenma mannqec+ann npemenn. Bo npemenn on n nne+c, n
nokon+c, kak kn+ancknn cocy, noc+onno nnymnnc n cnom nokoe. Heynonnmo
nsmennnnrn n +o+ e camrn, on o6renne+ npomnoe c 6yymnm, npeo6paa .+n
nepeanrnoc+n n peanrnoe, nmeec nac+omee.
Mysrkanrnrn snyk o6naae+ mnpnaamn qopm n kpacok, ko+opre o6oramam+ n
ykpennm+ .+o o6pe+nnoe nac+omee. Hennnmrn, neocsaemrn, no ncenponnkammnn, on
nerko ncnesae+ kak o6rek+ n cnnnae+c c nn+nmnon nny+pennen nsnrm kaoro n
npoonae+ n+r n nen. H ncknn pas, kora .+o nponcxon+, mysrkanrnrn snyk ncnene+,
xo+ 6r na mnr nosnpama nenoneky nny+pennmm nenrnoc+r n nocc+anannnna ero ennc+no
c mnpom no +y c+opony pasnnnnn n nsmenennn.
<c+p. 396>

!"%I#VNW%M
1 Benena-3ksemnnpcka C.H. O ncnxonornn mysrkanrnoro nocnpn+n. M,
1924, c. 88 n cne.
2 Robert E. Ornstein. On the Experience of Tune. (New York, 1970)
3 Thomas Fay. "Context Analysis of Musical Gestures," Journal of Music Theory,
vol. XVIII (Spring, 1974)
4 Thomas Reid. Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man. (London, 1941), p. 210
5 William James. The Principles of Psychology, 2 vols. (New York, 1890), vol. I, p.
377
6 Feqnnr F. Onepkn ncnxonornn, ocnonannon na onr+e. CH6-M.. 1914, c. 188
7 Paul Fraisse. Psychologie du Temps, 2nd ed. (Paris, 1967), p. 156
8 Marianne Frankenhauser. Estimation of Time: An Experimental Study (Stockholm,
1959); nn+. n kn.: Ornstein, op. cit., p. 38
9 Jean Marie Guyau. La Genese de l'ide de Temps, 2nd. d. (Paris, 1902), pp. 85-6
10 J. C. Loehlin. "The Influence of Different Activities on the Apparent Length of
Time," Psychological Monographs, 73 (1959, whole No. 474); nn+. n kn.: Michon, op. cit., p. 12
11 John Albertus Michon. Tuning in Temporal Tracking. (Leiden, 1967), p. 11
12 Anton Webern. Der Weg zur neuen Musik. (Vienna, 1960), p. 73; nncrmo o+ 23
qenpan 1944 roa
13 Ibid., nncrmo o+ 3 map+a 1941 roa
<c+p. 397>
14 Hropr C+pannncknn. nanorn. h., 1971, c. 245
15 Aaron Copland. Copland on Music. (New York, 1963), p. 21
16 Hn+. no kn.: F. C. Happold. Mysticism: A Study and an Anthology. (London,
1973), p. 132
17 Hn+. no kn.: William James. The Varieties of Religious Experiences: A Study in
Human Nature. (New York, 1902, reprint, 1972), p. 66
18 Hn+. no kn.: A. W. Thayer. The Life of Beethoven, 3 vols. (London, 1960)
19 E. R. Clay. The Alternative: A Study in Psychology. (London, 1982), pp. 167-8
20 Curt Sachs. Rhythm and Tempo. (New York, 1953), p. 17
21 Cm. npnm. 1
22 H. Pieron. The Sensations: Their Functions, Processes, Mechanisms. (London,
1952)
23 A6paam Monr. Teopn nnqopmannn n .c+e+nneckoe nocnpn+ne (nep. c
qpann.). M., 1966, ee. 165. 186
24 Dialogues of Plato. Oxford University Press (London), vol. E, p. 456

<c+p. 398>
SA+@+*05J 3>L2


Anryc+nn, Bnaennrn 42, 47, 72, 79, 345, 379
Arannapn, Aroc+nno194
Aam e Fannr 187
Anns, Hapns 211, 220
Aky+arana, Pmnocke 254
Annen, Yopnep 390
Annen, Yopnep yan+ 39, 219
Anr6ep+a, heon Barrnc+a 363
Anr6nnonn, Tomaso 145
Anonnm 104
Anxanr+ K+encknn, npnnn 139
Anenr, Bnnnn 101, 102,151, 219, 380
Apn6o Cxonac+nk 358
Apnc+okcen 296
Apnc+o+enr 274
Apmc+ponr, hync206
Apnxenm, Pyonrq 27, 41
Am+on, Xrm 218

Bax, H.C. 44, 61, 92, 132, 139-40, 144-46, 191, 195, 232, 284, 296, 355, 363, 370-371
?.+2/02CB.E4A3; A-2K0.* a 4 132, 139, 141, 145-147
%4AB44*,- QBE3 284
<+2*+*= 370
I-*0*= 232
IB@=A+5J2-0 7.32-P0230 92
&*.+4*3 7- I+*Q0Y 139, 232, 233
Banxapxap, Pao Caxn6 292
Bap+ok, Bena 208, 209, 375
Bap+onynnn, Pyqnno 236
Bace 66, 67
Benk, Apnonr 41, 79, 152, 324
Ben+con, Fperopn 22, 27, 39, 40, 46, 77, 85, 89, 150, 261, 323, 392
Bek, X.B. 193
Bekkep, yn+-108, 114, 117, 150-153
Bekkep, Haynr 225, 257
Benena-3ksemnnpcka 381, 389, 392, 396
Benenonn, Opanno237
Bepanek, heo78
Bepr, Anr6an 281, 374
Beprcon, Anpn 62, 78
Bepno, hynano 214, 216
Bepnnos 232, 246, 249
Bepnap, Kpnc+oq 371
Bepnnnn, nannopenno 240
Bepnc+ann, heonap 206
Bep+ananqn, hmnnr qon 31-33, 41, 94, 183, 184, 205, 218, 380
Be+xonen 91. 115, 183, 185, 187-188, 195, 197, 225. 226, 317, 358
'0-2-.+ a 3 280
?3*,+ 7.3 )3**-.33 197
!+4*-.+5J2+8 43>Q-238 369
Bepknn 383
Bpnen, Hapns 380
Bnenk, Ynnrm 66, 78
Bn.nk, Apnonr75

<c+p. 399>

Bn.knnr, on 113. 114, 152, 259, 260, 265, 323. 329, 342, 332, 339. 353-354, 379
Bosanky. 292
Bopxec 117
Bo.nnn 47, 77, 98
Bpare, Tnxo 241
Bpak, Xop 253
Bpaman+e 240
Bpamc 374, 375
Bpene, Xnsenr 57, 78
Bpenoep, H. 293
Bpn++en, Benamnn 233, 257
)-022=; .0A,30> 232
Bpyknep, An+on 246, 375
Bpymenr, An+yan 242
Bykoqnep, Manqpe d. 230, 257
Bykc+exye n+pnx 145, 280
Bynes, Hrep 100, 213, 215-216, 220, 254, 258
Bynr, on 369
Bypmenc+ep, Hoaxnm 371
Bycco++n, Cnnrnano 286
Bxapa+a-Mynn 151
Bmnon, Fanc qon 85

Barnep 173, 188, 246, 247, 370, 374
'-Z2E.32 373
:.34*+2 3 %@-5J/+ 374, 375
Bapes, 3rap 61, 78, 81, 251, 297
Backo a Fama 241
Be6epn 374, 378, 387, 396
?+E+*053 224
)*-.+8 A+2*+*+ 387
&3>Q-238 374
)+.3+K33 /58 -.A04*.+ 387
Bennec, 3ron 143, 154
Bepn 188. 195, 232
"0A,30> 232
Becnynnn, Amepnro 241
Bnrqnnn, Fenpnx 14, 39, 239, 258, 368
Bnaana, hoonnko 236
Bnnanrn 145
Bnnnap+, Apnan 236, 296
Bnnkenr ns Amc+epama 197
Bnnkenr, dpnn 59, 78
B.n, Mac+ep 179
Fa6pnenn, Anpea 236, 237, 358
Fa6pnenn, onannn 236, 237
Fann, Hocnq 44, 91, 145, 197, 372
Fannnen, Bnnnenno 364
Fannnen, Fannneo 240
Fape, hyn 70, 79
Faqypnyc, dpanknnyc 104
Fnno Ape+nncknn 189, 196, 359
Feep6pan+, An.n 218
Ferenr 184
Fensen6epr, Bepnep124, 153, 255, 258
Fenrmronrn, Fepmann 276, 324
Fenenr F.d. 145, 195
Fepaknn+ 33, 34, 36, 86
Fepman, Byn 209
Feqnnr 385, 396
Fe+e H.-B. 6, 48
Fnnrom Amrencknn 187
Fnapean 358
Fo66c, Tomac 383
Fomep 86
Focnamn, O. 352, 379
Foccek, dpancya 226
Fpoccep, Mopnc 224
Fpoxeo, Hoxannec 104
Fmnrenc 297

anneny, A 293
anc+a6nr, on 363
an+e 87
apnnn, Hapns 182
e6mccn 208, 209, 375
ako66n 236
esyanro n Benosa 354

<c+p. 400>

enmc, Ynnrm 383, 390, 397
onc, Ynnrm 292
opan, Ynnrm C. 39, 226, 257
nnmoc 296
opnan, dpeepnk 219, 324
oc+oencknn, d.M. 164, 254
mqan, Fnnrom 44, 100, 242, 363
rmn, on 1, 39, 94

Enarpnn Hon+nncknn 345

Xane, H. 392
Xaneken, Knemen+ 369
Xocken e Hpe 241, 242, 359, 360, 363

Bakc, Kyp+ 14, 15, 18, 40, 61, 78, 100, 102, 108-109. 151-152, 174-176, 179. 180, 184,
186. 193, 218-219, 231, 238, 244, 257-258, 271, 290, 299, 323-324. 360, 380, 391, 397

Hsaak, Fenpnx 363
Hoann Knnmakyc 346
Hoqqe, H. H. 380

Kasanrc, Ha6no 317
Kannncknn, Bacnnnn 287
Kanna6nx 245
Kaccnpep, 3pnc+ 122-123, 153, 161, 217
Kayqman, Yon+ep 114, 152
Kay.nn, Fenpn 173
Knnn+nnnan 371
Kennep, Horannec 74, 79, 86, 241, 283
Ken, on 212
Kenep, Bonrqranr 269
Kpnr, Bko6 145, 197
Kec+nep, Ap+yp 26, 28, 35, 41, 44, 59, 73, 77-78, 88, 98, 150-151, 162, 217-218
Knnnnnr, Perp 30, 125
Knpxep, A+anacnyc-129. 154, 369
Knm, hanom 317
Knee, Haynr 213
Knen, 3.P. 391, 397
Konep, Anekcanp 252
Konym6, Xpnc+oqop 241
Konc+an+nn Bennknn 240
Konepnnk, Hnkonan 86,
Konnen, Apon 53-54, 56, 77, 388-389, 397
Kop6msre, he 251
Kopennn 145, 242
Kykep, Ynncon 39, 326, 342
Koyn, 3nap T.- 162, 217
Ko.n, Moppnc 27
Kpaq+, Po6ep+ 258
Kpencnep, dpnn 313
Kpnmna 394
Kpyne, Hre+po 300
Kcenaknc, Bnnc 249, 251
Kysancknn, Hnkonan 74, 299
Kymapacnamn, Anana 125, 343, 379
Kynay, Horann 369
Kynepen, dpancya 145,369
Kynka, dpann 287
Kypocana, Aknpa 254
Kyp+, 3pnc+ 374

hamapk 44
hanr, Hon Fenpn- 151, 187, 194, 219, 236, 242, 258
hanrep, Cmsann K. 26, 41, 78, 163, 172, 217
hao-nsr -63, 107, 110, 151
happe, Kno - 79
ha Pm, Hrep 242
heenxap+ 160
herpennn, onannn 145
hen6nnn 44
hen6onnn, Pene 380
heonnn 241

<c+p. 401>

henn-Bpmnr, hmcren 155, 157-161, 165, 217, 334
henn-C+pocc, Kno 29, 41, 119, 153
hnc+ d. 370
hoennn 386, 396
hoka+ennn, Hre+po 242
hokk, on 383
homake, Anan 169, 217
hm+on, Eapnr 297

Marennan 241
Maknm.n, Mapmann 250, 258, 380
Makcnenn, enmc 162
Makdn, Konnn 152, 114
Manep Fyc+an 144, 225, 233, 246, 257, 281,325, 354, 374
Mannnoncknn, Bponncnan 122, 153
Mapennno, hyka 364
Mapn+.n, Xak 157
Mapkc, Kapn 182
Maccnnron, hyn 70
Ma++eson 244, 328, 371
Mamo, Fnnrom e 44, 194, 242, 357, 360, 363
Menenopq, Hoann 345-346, 379
Menrnenr, Horann 198
Menenrcon-Bap+onrn 39, 313, 315, 324,
Meppnam, An.n H. 17-18, 20, 40, 114, 152, 201, 219. 323, 266-267, 269, 273
Mepcenn 365
Meccnan, Onnnep 369
Mnayop, H.B. 27, 41
Mnno, apnyc 375
Mnnnep, 3n+onn 145, 154, 258, 380
Mnnrkoncknn, Fepman 45
Mnmon, on Anr6ep+yc 386, 396
Morap, Anp. 235
Monr A6paam 392, 397
Monpnan, Hn+ 287
Monap+ 61, 91, 195,197, 199. 202, 372, 390,
Mynanna Xan, Mymapaq 81, 151-152, 217-218, 394
Mynn, Ynnrm 369
Mypnc, Hoann e 300
Mycoprcknn 203

Hasanknncknn, E. 324
Ha+onn, eq 214, 220
Hnknqop 346
Hono, hynn 214
Hop+pon, d.C.K. 78-79, 125, 153
Hynnyc, Horannec 371
Hrm+on, Hcaak 33, 44, 254-255, 300-301, 321, 322, 324, 368

O6pex+, Bko6 145,242
O6pn, Hrep 193
Onc+pax, ann 313
OKanannn, Tomac 170, 176, 218
Okerem, Hoxannec 145, 242, 360, 363
Onerrep, Ap+yp 374
Opnren 345
Opnano n hacco 145, 241, 280, 363
Opnc+ann, Po6ep+ 77, 382, 396
Opqen 394
Oc+nn, Ynnrm 220
Oy.n, Ynnqpn 233

Hannon, H. H. 269
Hanec+pnna 145, 241, 363
Hannnkap, Panmyno 71, 79
Hana Hoann XXII Annnroncknn 102
Hapaanon, Cepren 232
Hapmenn 33
Hackanr45
Hay.pe, Faponr 190, 219
Haxenr6enr, Horann 145
Hensep, oan 258
Hepo+nn 241
Hepcenn, Fenpn 74
<c+p. 402>
Hn+epcon, Ockap 84
He+papka 357
Hnkacco, Ha6no 209, 253
Hnpanenno, hynn 254
Hnqarop 13, 59, 151, 270, 295-297, 347
Hna+on 96, 104, 178, 271, 284, 296, 327, 346-347, 394, 397
Hny+apx 181
Hpe+opnyc, Mnxa.nr 236
Hpnc+nn, . B. 57, 65, 77-78, 395
H+onemen 86
Hyccep, Anpn 204-205, 213-216, 220
Hymknn A.C. 221
Hrepon, A. 392, 397
Hre, Xan 50-54, 77, 94, 276

Panenr Mopnc 203
Pan+, dpank hnon 150, 253
Panx, Bnnnn 388
Pamo X.d. 191
Pennonrc, Poep 150, 220, 379
Pek, .nn 219
Pn, Tomac 383, 396
Pnmcknn-Kopcakon, H.A. 232
Pns, Fyc+an 154, 358, 380

Cannnn.n, Fenpn C+.k 21
Canepckn, Maprape+ Bapenn 151
Caxan+yena, O. 324
Cnennnk, Bn Hn+epcson 145
Cn.Fpnropnn Hanama 346-347, 379
Cn. Ka+epnna 344
Cn.Makapnn 346
Cn. Hnn Cnnancknn 345
Cesann, Honr 253
Cnrep, Hapns 39
Cnre+n, Hoseq 313
Cnmop, Kapn 3mnnr 11, 39, 265, 323
Ckp6nn A.H. 381
Coqokn 86
Cnencep, Fep6ep+ 183
Cnnnosa, Bapyx (Benenk+) 66
C+ann6epr, Con 288
C+pannncknn H.d. 6, 39, 48, 51, 145, 173, 197, 202, 208-209, 246, 258, 263, 273,
317, 323-324,353, 388,391, 397
NE-2 388
&,+/0CA+ 197
!0*.BPA+ 145, 202, 208
)042+ 4,8O022+8 173
Threni 174
VL.2=; A-2K0.* 209
C+peny.n, dokc 292
Cysykn 66, 78, 257

Tanepnep, on 241
Tannnc, Tomac 242
Tam6ypnc+, Apy+nn 111, 152
Tennncon, Anrqpe 66-67
Tennon, B.M. 277, 324
Tnnnnx, Haynr 70-71, 79. 229, 257, 335-336, 340, 342
Tnnk+opnc 358
Tnnnan 44
Tox, 3pnc+ 198
Typn6yn, Konnn M. 228, 257
Tmpnnryc, Hoaxnm 371

Yn+poy, epanr . 69. 79, 388
Yo++c, Anan Y. 41, 166, 217

da6nan, Hoxannec 29, 41
dapmep, Fenpn op 80
den, Tomac 282, 396
denepman, 3mmanynn 317
depan, 3pnc+ 207, 220
deprmcon, onanr P. 3, 39
dn6onannn, heonapo 100
dnno+en 347
dnnk, Fepman 241
dnopencknn, Hanen 366, 380
dorenrnene, Banr+ep qon ep 187

<c+p. 403>

doma Aknnncknn 343, 359
dpank, Hesapr 370
dpen, Bnrmyn 21
dpensep, enmc 121-122, 153, 157
dpecko6anrn, nponamo 145
dpnpnx Bennknn 92, 171
dpo6eprep, Hoann 145
dpom, 3pnx 217
dyko, Mnmenr 117, 152
dypre, Xan Ba+nc+ 263

Xanmc, . 29. 41
Xapman, Anek 145, 154, 258, 379-380
Xaccnep, heo 236
Xensnnra, Hoxan 165, 171, 217-218, 357, 380
Xnnemn+, Haynr 197-198, 374
Xonn, 3nap T. 20-21, 23, 40, 44, 78, 94, 115, 200. 218-219, 224. 257

Hykepkannr, Bnk+op 3, 15-16, 39-40, 257

Hankoncknn H. H. 224
Hmpnennc, M.K. 287

Eapen, Tenp e 45, 77,127, 181-182, 218
Enennep, Anr6ep+ 371
Een+, Camy.nr 236
Eekcnnp 162, 343
Een6epr A. 48, 77, 208, 254, 281, 374-378, 380
Enerenr, dpnpnx 39, 48
Enoccep 391
Enanep, Mapnyc 349, 379
Eonem, Fepmom 217, 327, 342
Eonen d. 197
Eoc+akonnn . . 374
Enenrnep, Ocnanr 32
E+okraysen, Kapnrennn 214, 216, 248-249. 251, 258, 286
E+payc, Pnxap 246, 370
E+ykkenmmn+, F. 198, 219
Ey6ap+ Kpnc+nan 245
Ey6ep+ d. 91, 374
Eyman P. 162, 317, 174
Em+n F. 237

3nnm+enn, Anr6ep+ 28, 44-45, 162, 254, 322
3kxap+, Menc+ep Hoxannec66, 70, 343
3nnae, Mnpcna32, 41, 94, 144, 147, 154
3nno+, T.C. 65
3mepcon, Panq Yano 211
3nrenr6ep+ Amoncknn 104
3nrenrc, dpnpnx 182
3pasm Po++epamcknn 242

Knr, Kapn F. 64, 72, 78-79, 93, 96-97, 125-128, 150-151, 153-154, 158, 160, 174,
218, 220, 336, 342

Bko6yc hrecknn 104
Bnr, Hepcn M. 186, 219, 258
Bqqe, Anrena 150

<c+p. 404>

!.0/>0*2=; BA+@+*05J

Akyc+nka 2, 8-10, 124, 223, 226-227, 243, 245, 262, 298, 313
nc+annn n kommynnkannn 224-227
.kcnpeccn 60, 108, 264-267, 283, 361
qak+op n ncnonnennn 222, 225, 232, 235-237, 246-247, 249
nsmepenne nn+epnanon 99, 273, 276, 284, 296, 298, 304-305, 310
penep6epann 59, 317
snykonon cnek+p 263
Anea+opnka 186, 212, 215-216
Anxnmn 129
An+nqon 229-232
Apa6r 59, 63, 66, 110, 177, 184, 192
Apmne 191, 193, 232
Apxe+nn 63, 84-87, 93, 120, 127, 132, 148-149, 166, 192
Apxn+ek+ypa 6, 14, 39, 42, 48, 58, 63, 195, 200, 203, 206, 221-222, 226, 231, 233,
236, 239-241, 243, 249, 251-254, 287, 354
Ac+ponomn 74, 86, 98, 104, 240-241, 244
Aqpnka 18, 68, 88, 93, 109, 113-114, 175, 209, 228. 230-231, 259, 298
6aponra 109
6aconra 347
6amn 266
nacy+o 175
nena 113-114, 260. 353
nn 114
nnrmen 229

Bapokko 194, 235, 238, 240, 280
Bn6nn 3, 85, 108, 341, 350, 369
Bnxennopnsm 24
Bynsm 160-161, 175, 327, 344, 346

Bnsan+n 191, 267
Bocnpn+ne 2-4, 6, 14-16, 27, 37-38, 50, 51-53, 81-82, 86, 98, 123, 164. 215, 222-
225, 231, 234, 252, 255-256, 276, 282-284, 298, 337, 358, 361-362, 366-367, 383-384, 393
kak e+enrnoc+r 54, 124, 232, 269-270, 277-278, 390
moenn n. 21, 43, 48, 74, 83, 85, 143, 172, 215, 244, 339, 376-377, 394
nanrkn n. 13, 26, 49-50, 52, 55-58, 94, 127, 190, 273, 276, 351, 385-386
cnnkpe+nneckoe n. 9-10, 12, 60-61, 125, 153, 174, 251, 330
cnyxonoe 226-229, 244, 246-247, 250, 260, 262-263, 265-267, 279, 285, 289,
301, 303-311, 314, 316
qopmr 90, 95
n nap+nnnnannn 69, 91, 93, 106-107, 274, 277, 334, 347
Bpem
6nonornneckne nacr 388
n kynr+ypax Boc+oka 65-66, 69-72, 79. 87. 179
n snyk 43, 47-54. 56-64. 77, 228
nn+yn+nnnoe 51, 53, 56-57, 62, 68, 200-201, 382
n qopma 48-49, 102, 244,
n .nonmnn 45,
kpyronoe 74, 86,
nnnennoe 46, 54, 69. 183, 255, 279,289. 385
ma+ema+nneckoe 300
mnqonornneckoe 64-68, 70-74, 92, 110, 139, 252, 284, 330, 353-354, 368, 394
neo6pa+nmoc+r 213, 214
onepannonnoe 50-53, 56, 62
onpoc+panc+nnennoe 62,
onenka 382 cne.

Faraky 14, 353
Famenan 87, 93, 115. 117, 144, 209, 266, 353
Fapmonn 8, 81. 184, 194-195, 204, 216, 235, 237, 243-246, 310-312, 364-365, 367
Fem+anr+ 83, 148, 252, 302, 377
Fonr 53, 60, 88, 108
Fo+nka 100, 243, 356, 360
Fpenn 66, 168, 179. 191. 231, 240, 249, 297, 299. 335, 345, 350, 358, 365

nenana+n+onona cnc+ema 48, 184, 374-375, 377
eyknn x, 27
as 90, 189. 206, 208-210
sen 6ynsm 66, 212, 216, 229, 325
yannsm 72, 75, 97, 116, 163, 270, 282, 284, 344, 346, 355
rxanne 2, 14, 85, 298, 338, 346-347, 349-354

Enanrenn 72, 85,140, 299, 326, 337
Enpen 160, 165, 192, 230, 267, 350
Ernne+ 76, 192, 327, 344

Bnyk 2-3, 9-10 20, 36, 49, 54, 59, 71-73,81-82,88,98-99. 173, 190, 192, 199, 229, 231,
234, 259. 327- 329, 347-352, 395
Bana n Boc+ok 57, 60-62, 75-76, 105-110, 177-180, 350
n kommynnkannn 261-267, 332
n npoc+panc+no 226, 228, 236-238, 243, 247, 254, 280, 305-307, 310, 361, 366,
373
c+epeo 250
.nek+ponnrn 198
Bnak 69, 152, 163, 169, 255, 268, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334-335, 339, 370, 380

Hsomopqnsm 37-38, 202, 207, 378
Hkaa+ 110
Hmnponnsann
n ase 209-210
Carnatic 68, 112, 170, 178-189
nonnqonnnecka 194-196, 360, 364
+epmnn 92
Hnennr
nanaxo 63
nnockorononre, ny.6no 200
o6pr nocnmenn 169

<c+p. 406>

Hnn 16, 61, 68, 72, 88, 93, 11-112, 170, 178. 216, 267, 272, 291-294. 351-352
6apa6anr 105
snykopr 293-294
qnnocoqn 72, 106, 179, 346, 348
Hnonesn 346
npemennon nopok 87
onpeenenne nrco+ 266
Hnynsm 71, 75, 343
Hnyknn x, 27-28
Hn+epnan 9, 49, 59, 61, 74, 99-100, 104, 120, 189, 194, 196, 205, 211, 243, 268, 272-
276,282, 284-285, 297, 298, 301-302, 312-314, 336, 347, 357
akyc+nnecknn/+onanrnrn 311
sanncnmoc+r o+ pernc+pa 303-307
mnkpo+ononre 61
conopnre kanec+na9-10, 273
conpo+nnnenne n. 274
mpy+n 292-293
Hn+ynnn 29, 36, 63, 85, 97, 114, 119-120, 126-127, 158, 347, 371
kak onr+ 64, 67
n. npemenn-50-51, 53, 55-57, 62, 70, 94, 201, 380
Hcnxasm 344-346
Hcnam 16, 76, 179, 343, 346

Kanon
kak qopma 100,142,143,192, 361,363,370,375
kak +pannn 23,58,102,143, 298, 356
Kan+yc qnpmyc 100, 356-357
Kn+an 16, 23, 59, 63, 128, 184, 278, 327, 347, 353-354
knaccnqnkann 117
Knnra nepemen (H-Hsnnr) 216
konnennn npemenn 66, 69
konnennn mysrkn108-109, 177, 179-180, 295-296
Komnosn+opckne mkonr
Ars nova 101-103, 241, 300
qnamancka 190, 236, 359
mannrenmcka 195, 245, 280
Ho+p-am 356
pnmcka 192, 237
cn. Mapnnana 356
nencka 246
Konnep+ 120, 140, 195, 231
concerto grosso 139,145, 242, 281
npak+nka 187, 219, 225-227, 235, 247-248, 258
manepr 171
Konnpan+, sakon146
Kon+r 191, 193
Ky6nsm 250
Kynr+ypa
nnnnne k. 20-21, 43-44, 82, 84, 93,155, 223, 259-260, 267, 330, 338, 392
k. kak cnc+ema 19, 38, 89, 94, 165-166, 190, 204, 339-341
orpannnenn k. 15-17, 25-29, 48, 5;-54, 67, 71,81, 126-131, 157, 173, 224,
265, 276, 278-279
+nnr k. 32-33, 57, 63, 90-92, 94, 108, 131-132, 147, 176-179, 191. 201, 234,
299
ycnoenne k. 114-116, 166
yponnn k. 21-24, 115
<c+p. 407>

Marn 86, 120-122, 159. 174-177, 179-180, 264, 297. 354
Makom 177, 210, 350
Ma+ema+nka
n komnosnnn 13.101,104, 292-293, 300
n mysrkanrnoe mrmnenne11, 59
kak +annoe snanne 13, 60,73, 98-100, 299
n npoc+panc+no 294-295, 297, 305
Mensypann 100. 102. 193. 196, 300
Me+ponom 197, 298, 312, 316-317, 387
Mexannneckne nnc+pymen+r197-198
Mexannnnsm 25, 33-34
Mnnnesanr 186, 369
Mnoroxopnrn c+nnr 235-238, 241-242, 246, 249, 308, 363
Monnmo 228-229
Mo+e+ 232, 241, 355-356, 358, 360, 363
Mysen 188, 253
Mysrkanrna komne+ennn 9, 22-23, 260, 385, 390, 392-393
Mycynrmanc+no 70, 176, 278, 347

Hac+omee
peannsann n. 48, 51, 69,391, 393, 395
kaymeec n. 392.
Ha+rmac+pac 105
Heonna+onnsm 344-345
Ho+ann 58, 91, 95, 102-103, 115, 152, 189-192, 194, 196, 199, 207, 272, 278, 285,
327, 331, 335, 348, 359
6yknenna 191-192, 286
rpaqnnecka 286
neorpaqnnecka 152
mensypanrna 102-103, 193,
nenma+nnecka 103, 192-193
nec+opnancka 267
nec+opnancka 267
pasnn+ne n. 102, 196, 209, 272
+a6yna+ypna 197
nnqpona 189, 194-195, 267
.kqone+nnecka192-193, 267
H.n 109

O6ynenne 22-23, 49. 55, 58, 103, 113, 115, 194
na Boc+oke 68, 113-116, 352
+eopn o. 22, 261-262
Opran 58-59, 145, 194, 196-198, 224, 233, 235-238, 242, 280-281
Opranym 100, 102, 184, 246
Opnamen+nka 287
n mononnecknx c+nnx 112, 184, 189
n nonnqonnn 190,194-196, 355, 361
ramaka 61
pn+mnnecka o. 353

Hapon 145
Hnqaropenc+no 13, 59-60, 73-74, 86,99-101, 108,181, 195,271, 295- 297, 347
Hna+onnsm 72, 74, 96, 165, 178, 346
Hepcn 44, 109, 365
Honnnesn 175
Hcnxnneckne qynknnn 97, 125-129

<c+p. 408>

Para 84-85, 88, 93, 139, 175, 177-179, 210, 293, 339, 350, 353
Pamana 178
Pn+yan 25, 29, 32, 37, 47, 65, 76, 86, 91, 98, 120-123, 159, 161, 170, 172-177, 179,
192, 201, 228-232, 235, 298, 348, 357
Popmax-+ec+ 212

Canckpn+ 36, 69, 75
Cemno+nka150, 163, 326, 328-329, 333, 335-336, 338
Cnmnon 29. 63-64, 73, 76, 86-S7, 93-94, 100, 127, 131, 160-161, 163-169, 171-173,
175, 185, 192, 203, 210, 230-231, 233-234, 248, 267, 270, 285, 299, 332-333, 335-341, 347, 351-
353, 355-356, 358, 360-361, 363, 366, 372, 385
Cnmynr+annoc+r12, 391, 393
Cnnec+esnn 2, 10, 12, 174, 267, 273, 284, 337
Cnpn 191-193, 267
Conrmnsann 189, 196, 359
C+pon 296, 314
Cyqn+r 66, 76, 81, 106, 159, 327, 347

Tana 68, 110-112
Teneonorn 34, 89,148, 340, 351
Tem6p 8-9, 55, 60, 85, 152, 195-196, 237, 243, 246, 249, 264, 268, 270, 279, 281,
283-285, 289, 331, 337,341, 366, 373
Temn 9, 49, 112, 197, 236, 248, 289, 316-321, 353, 362, 368
Tn6e+ 57, 86, 234, 327, 347
Topa 234
Tpy6aypr, +pynepr 186, 193, 364

Ycyn 110-111, 152

Hnkona 113
Hnnr 23, 109, 179, 352-353

3nonmnn 17, 45-46, 182, 184

Kna Amepnka 14

Bnonn 14, 63, 66, 209, 252, 254, 353, 394
Fenpnx Opnon
PEBO MYBBKH
Honncano k nena+n 16.10.91. dopma+ 60 X 90/16. Bymara oqce+na N 1. Fapnn+ypa
Tanmc. Oqc. nena+r. Hen. n. 27. Ycn. nen. n. 27. Yn.-ns. n. 26,8. Ycn. kp.-o++. 66,3. Tnpa
2500 .ks. Bakas N 668. Hena oronopna. Cank+-He+ep6yprckoe o+enenne nsa+enrc+na
Cone+cknn komnosn+op. 190000, Cank+-He+ep6ypr, yn. Fepnena, 45. O+nena+ano c opnrnnan-
make+a n +nnorpaqnn nm. H. E. Ko+nkona nsa+enrc+na dnnancr n c+a+nc+nka. 195273,
Cank+-He+ep6ypr, yn. Pyc+anenn, 13.