- Лакан Жак, Семинары. Книга 20. Еще

Jacques Lacan LE SEMINAIRE ENCORE LIVRE XX (1972/1973) Tex e e a!
"# $a% Jacques&A"a#n M#""e% E'ITIONS '( SE(IL )ARIS 197* +,- .,-,/ 0123/,45 -/36, 27 189 (1972/1973) : ;<=>?@AA +>?>&,B<C> 2ABB<;> 6CDEAF /.DGDF 2H0-:, 2711
I M>? NDBOPABDFQR PSD TSA?O NFAUD>C>BAE> V C< DNOWBA?DL>BX TSD WYB> SDG=> FLD<GD ;D=> ZD;[> L<\BALDFSA ] NDFB< L>FR FO=>;QK F=O;OX 0D L;<[<C<[ V NDCVBR PSD [DGO F?>E>SQ C> ^SDS N;<=[<S C<F?DBQ?D WDBQ_<R P<[ ;>CQ_<X , E>S<[ DWC>;O\ABR PSD [DSAL O [<CV C> N;DSV\<CAA LF<GD NOSA WYB D=ACK V CAP<GD C< \` DW ^SD[ EC>SQX 3[<CCD ND^SD[OR C>L<;CD<R V <IJ E=<FQ ] => A LY SD\<X a<[O V C< N<;<FS>` O=ALBVSQFVXXX <IJ A <IJX aSD F C<?DSD;YU ND; AG;><S [C< C> ;O?OR S>? ^SD SDS Z>?SR PSD A F;<=A L>FR L DG;D[CDb [>FF< E=<FQ N;AFOSFSLOÌAUR V CAP<GD C< \` DW ^SD[ EC>SQ SD\< C>BA@DX /D SD \< BA F>[D<c ] L ^SD[ LF< =<BDX TSD L>_< V C< \` CAP<GD EC>SQ D C<?D<[ EC>CAAR O;YL?>[A L>[ N;<ND=>CCD[ ] D C<[ BA ;<PQ A=<S L [D<[ FBOP><c /< =O[>`K L>_> N;AL<;\<CCDFSQ [C< A DWdVFCV<SFV ?>? ;>E ND=DE;<CA<[R PSD [D< V DW ^SD[ C< \` CAP<GD EC>SQ A[<<S =;OGA< ?D;CAX 3 <FBA V =<bFSLAS<BQCD E>CA[>` ND DSCD_<CA` ? L>[ NDEA@A` >C>BAEA;OÌ<GD FLD< V C< \` DW ^SD[ CAP<GD EC>SQ N>@A<CS>R SD L>[ =D ^SDGD <IJ =>B<?DX :DS NDP<[O S< AE L>FR ?SD N;DUD=AS O [<CV FLDb >C>BAER F[DGOS CD;[>BQCD LYbSA AE C<GD C< ;>CQ_<R P<[ FDWFSL<CCDGD V C< \` DW ^SD[ EC>SQ ND?>\<SFV A[ =DLDBQCDX :DN;<?A SD[OR PSD P>FSD N;AUD=ASFV FBY_>SQR N;DSALD;<PAV [<\=O [DC>BASA?> A S<[R P<[ V E=<FQ E>CA[>`FQR ?>? LA=AS<R C<SX e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I : N;D_BD[ GD=O V =>B SD[OR D P<[ NDB>G>B LDE[D\CY[ L>[ ;>FF?>E>SQR E>GB>LA< XXX > SD A UO\<X /A VR CA SY F`=> ND=FS>LASQ C<BQEV &>VA UO\<R ABA > SY A UO\< C< F?>\<_QX ,C>BASAP<F?A[ =AF?O;FD[ ;O?DLD=AS DFS;>VR ?>? B<ELA< W;ASLYR BDGA?>K ND SO FSD;DCO [D\<S WYSQ SDBQ?D UO\<X 3[<CCD ^SDb BDGA?< V A FB<=O`R N;<=B>G>V L>[ =BV C>P>B> N;<=FS>LASQ F<WV L NDFS<BA ] NDFS<BAR ?>? A NDBD\<CD BQCDbX H=C>\=YR DSLV `;AFSOR ND\L_<[O OEC>SQR PSD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb [Db =AF?O;FR V NDN;DWDL>B DWdVFCASQ <[O SDR PSD B<\AS O ^SDGD =AF?O;F> L DFCDL<R SD <FSQ ;>ECA@O [<\=O VEY?D[R F D=CDb FSD;DCYR A GDLD;VIA[ FOWd<?SD[R F =;OGDbX f;A=AP<F?Ab Z>?OBQS<SR F?>E>B V <[OR VLBV<SFV =BV [D<GD LYFSONB<CAV C>AWDB<< ND=UD=VIA[ [<FSD[K F>[D FOI<FSLDL>CA< E>?DCD=>S<BQFSL> FLA=<S<BQFSLO<S D SD[R PSD VEY? ] DC FOI<FSLO<S F>[ ND F<W<R F?B>=YL>VFQ L<?>[AR > GDLD;VIA< FOI<FSL>R B`=A ] =;OGD< =<BDX M>?
7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I
PSD <[O N;A=<SFV N;DFSASQ [<CVR <FBA V F [<FS> O?B>=YL>` FBO_>S<BND[CAL `;AFSOR PSD N;>LD GDLD;ASR ND FOSAR D SD[ \<R D P<[ F<GD=CV WO=O GDLD;ASQ VR AWD NDBQEDL>CA<R L `;A=AP<F?D[ F[YFB<R A C>FB>\=<CA<R L F<?FO>BQCD[R FDLN>=>`S ND& Z;>C@OEF?A L D=CD[ FBDL<K ghu#ssanceX i;>LD C< N;DUD=AS [A[D NDFS<BA ] LDEQ[AS< UDSV WY S< CD;[YR PSD ;<GOBA;O`S =DW;Yb DWYP>b ?DC?OWAC>S>R SD <FSQ FD\AS<BQFSL>X aSD =D [<CVR SD V FS>CO AFUD=ASQ AE SDGDR PSD L N;>L< DFS><SFV E>LO>BA;DL>CDR SD <FSQ AE SDGDR P<[ L NDFS<BAR ?>? N;>LABDR E>CA[>`SFV ] AE B`WDLCYU DWdVSAbX 3CY[A FBDL>[AR V AFUD\O AE SDGD N;<=R W<E ?DSD;DGDR <FBA GDLD;ASQ LF<;Q<ER SD <FSQ LYFS;>AL>V F<;A`R ?DSD;>V WY ? ^SD[O N;<=<BO FS;<[AB>FQR C< DWDbSAFQX ->? FDDSCDFVSFV =;OG F =;OGD[ N;>LD A C>FB>\=<CA< V iHj0/f C>[ C> N;A[<;< D=CDGD FBDL>X 0BDLD ^SDROEOZ;O?S C>[ EC>?D[D S>?D< N;>LDLD< NDCVSA<c ] UD;D_D =<[DCFS;A;O<S ;>ECA@OR D ?DSD;Db V L>[ C> F<[AC>;< ND ^SA?< O\< ? _D;CV ;>ECA@O [<\=O NDB<ECY[R F D=CDb FSD;DCYR A =D& 9 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I FS>LBVÌA[ C>FB>\=<CA<R F =;OGDbX a<[O FBO\AS NDB<ECD<c TSD S>? CA?DG=> A C< WYBD P<S?D DN;<=<B<CDR LACDb P<[O ND;>EAS<BQCD< OL>\<CA< ND DSCD_<CA` ? F;<=FSL>[R ?DSD;D< LCO_><S GDLD;VI<[O FOI<FSLO VEY?X kEOZ;O?S DEC>P><SR PSD [D\CD F;<=FSL>[A lC>FB>\=>SQFVmR CD C<BQEV CA L ?D<[ FBOP>< AU ;>EW>E>;AL>SQX kEOZ;O?SR ABA N;>LD NDBQEDL>CAVR C> C>FB<=FSLDR DEC>P><SR PSD LY [D\<S< lC>FB>\=>SQFVm C>FB<=FSLD[R CD N;A OFBDLAAR PSD LY <GD C< ;>FS;>PAL><S<X : ^SD[ FOSQ N;>L> ] ;>E[<\<LYL>SQR ;>FN;<=<BVSQR LDE[SQ LF< SDR PSD S>? ABA AC>P< FLVE>CD F C>FB>\=<CA<[X : DSCD_<CAA N;>L>&C>&C>FB>\=<CA< =DB\<C F=SQR D=C>?DR D=CO DGDLD;?OX i;>LD C< VLBV<SFV =DBGD[X />FB>\=>SQFV NDCO\=><S P<BDL<?> SDBQ?D D=CD ] <GD FL<;U&VX 0L<;U&V A <FSQ C< PSD ACD<R ?>? A[N<;>SAL C>FB>\=<CAV ] />FB>\=>bFVn 3[<CCD E=<FQ C>UD=ASFV SDS NDLD;DSCYb NOC?SR ?DSD;Yb >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F ACS<;<FO<SX : SD L;<[VR ?DSD;D< NDFB< L>F ?DG=>&SD L [D< ;>FND;V\<CA< N;<=DFS>LABDR V NDNYS>BFVR ;>E[Y_BVV DW ^SD[R N;D=<[DCFS;A;DL>SQR PSD NFAUD>C>BAE C< NDELDBV<S WDBQ_< =<;\>SQFV ^SA?AR DS ?DSD;Db VR N;A LF<[ OL>\<CAA ? C [<SCD ] ND DWUD=CDb S;><?SD;AAK N;DG;<FFD[ ^SD C< C>EDL<_Q ] DS >;AFSDS<B<LF?DGD N;<=FS>LB<CAV D WYSAA ? OSABAS>;AE[O p<CS>[>R SD <FSQ ? S<D;AA ZA?@AbR G=< VEY? LYFSON><S ?>? NDS;<WAS<BQC>V @<CCDFSQR ?>? ACFS;O[<CSX 3[<CCD ^SD NDWO=ABD [<CV NDFS>LASQ ND= FD[C<CA< SD WYSA<R SD LYF_<< WB>GD ?>?
N;<=[<S FDE<;@>CAVR C> ?DSD;D[ C>=<VBAFQ C<?DG=> NDFS;DASQ E=>CA< ^SA?AX 3S>?R V DFS>LBV` L>F ] DFS>LBV` L NDFS<BAR G=< ACA@A>SAL> @<BA?D[ L>_>X /D OUD=VR NA_O C> =L<;VUR PSDWY LYR OUD=VR E>=O[>BAFQ D SUR ?DSD;Y[ L NDFS<BA ^SDbR ND&LA=A[D[OR N;<=>L>BAFQR LDS ^SO Z;>EO ] C>FB>\=<CA< o;OGDGDR o;OGDGD F WDBQ_Db WO?LYR C>FB>\=<CA< (S<BD[) o;OGDGDR ?DSD;D< <GDR ^SDGD o;OGDGDR FA[LDBAEA;O<SR C< VLBV<SFV EC>?D[ B`WLAX 17 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I
2 />NAF>L ^SDR V C< NA_O LFB<=K A SDP?>R ABA >[ACQR q#n => WO=<S S>?X .`WDLQR ?DC<PCD \<R ND=><S EC>?R A EC>? ^SDS LF<G=> LE>A[<CX j LYF?>E>B ^SDR L DFSD;D\CDb ZD;[<R O\< =>LCDR E>[<SALR PSD POLFSL> ] DCA LF<G=> LE>A[CYX 0N<@A>BQCDR PSDWY [<CV FN;DFABA NDSD[ &, B`WDLQR ?>? \< B`WDLQR DC> SD\< LF<G=> LE>A[C>c ] , ?>? \<R ?DC<PCDn 0?>\O WDBQ_<K W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< LDDWI< C< DS?;YBA WYR ?DG=> W C< LYVFCABDFQR PSD \CA< P<BDL<?> ] ^SD \CA< o;OGDGD A PSD UDSV FS;>FSQR A[<CO<[>V B`WDLQ`R A [D\<S ND;Db \CA< AGCD;A;DL>SQR DC> LF< ;>LCD =><S <[O NDBCO` LDB`X iDF[DS;AS< UD;D_<CQ?DR A LY OLA=AS<R ?>?A< DCD SOS N;DAELD=AS DNOF& SD_<CAVn />FB>\=<CA< o;OGDGD ] C>FB>\=<CA< (S<BD[) o;OGDGD DFS>LBV<SR S>? ABA AC>P<R LDN;DF DS?;YSY[K DSL<SR ?DSD;Yb DCD C<F<S L F<W<R C< DWVE>S<BQCD L<;<CX pDBQ_< SDGD DSL<SD[ ^SA[ [Y C< [D\<[ =DLDBQFSLDL>SQFVR NDSD[O PSD B`WDLQ S;<WO<S B`WLAX M;<WO<S C<N;<;YLCDX M;<WO<S <IJ A <IJX 1IJ ] ^SD A[V SDGD EAVCAVR G=< W<;<S L o;OGD[ FLD< C>P>BD S;<WDL>CA< B`WLAX 3S>?R DS?O=> AFUD=AS SDR PSD C>FB>\=<CA<[ S o;OGDGD FNDFDWCD =>SQ C>[R NOFSQ C<=DFS>SDPCYb A C<=DFSDL<;CYbR DSL<Sc TSD C< B`WDLQX TSD SDR PSD L N;D_BD[ GD=OR ND= L=DUCDL<CA<[ DS P>FDLCA 0LVSDb ,CCYR LCO_>L_CA< [YFBASQ FAFS<[CDR C>EL>B V FBDLD[ >[O; (1r>SAG)X ,[O; ] ^SD FS;>CCY<R L\O/`L>CCY< L S<BD EC>?AR PSD LA=A[ [Y C> <GD NDL<;UCDFSAX TSD P<;SY NDB>R N;ALC<F<CCY< L S<BD AE NDSOFSD;DCCFSAR S> E>;D=Y_<L>V NB>E[>R ?DSD;O` [Y FNDFDWCYR ?>E>BDFQ WYR ;>FF[DS;<SQ L [A?;DF?DN A ?DSD;O`R ?>? LY ND[CAS<R \AECQ` D=CDEC>PCD C>EL>SQ C<BQEVR AWD F S>?A[ \< OFN<UD[R ;<N;D=O@A;OV S<BDR DC> C<F<S <[O F[<;SQX 3[<CCD S>[ <IJ LDNBDI<CAV (Ten&ch%$s) W<;<S C>P>BDX /<N;>LABQCDR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R GDLD;ASQR WO=SD S<BDR FD[>R A E>;D=Y_<L>V NB>E[> ;>EBOP<CYR AWD S<BDR L[V <<R C<F<S C> F<W< FB<=YX 0B<=Y ^SA L C<GD E>[O;DL>CYX 11
+>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I /D ^SD C< N;DFSD FB<=YX pYSA< S C<F<S C> F<W<R ?DC<PCD \<R FB<=Y NDB>R CD ^SDR FO=V ND LF<[OR VLB<CA< BA_Q LSD;APCD<X 3 LDLF< C< DS ^SAU FB<=DL E>LAFASR ?>? [Y EC><[ AE DNYS>R C>FB>\=<CA< S ] SR ?DSD;D< FA[LDBAEA;O<S FDWDb o;OGDGDX 3[<CCD S>? ^SD LYGBV=ASR <FBA C> L<IA NDF[DS;<SQ C<N;<=LEVSDX : P<[ DC>R B`WDLQR E>?B`P><SFVc i;>L=> BAR PSD ] ?>? OSL<;\=>`S >C>BASA?A FD F[<BDFSQ` S<[ WDB<< ND;>EAS<BQCDbR PSD OSL<;\=<CA< ^SD A=<S L;>E;<E F AU FDWFSL<CCY[ DNYSD[ ] N;>L=> BAR PSD FOSQ B`WLA FDFSDAS L FBAVCAAR L SD[R PSDWY =LD< FS>BA D=CA[c jLBV<SFV BA T;DF SVGDb ? <=ACD[OR ? H=CD[Oc H C<[R DW ^SD[ H=CD[R O\< =>LCD SDBQ?D A GDLD;VSX H=CDGD A[<<SFV L=DLDBQ (s a tr"r(n) ] F?>E>B V L N;D_BD[ GD=OR LYFS;DAL C> ^SD[ NDBD\<CAA @<BYb ?O;FX 0=B V ^SD C< =BV SDGDR ;>EO[<<SFVR PSDWY LCDLQ L<;COSQFV ? N;<=FS>LB<CA` D N<;LDC>P>BQCD[ F[<_<CAAX :<=Q FB<=OV E> \CA<[R [Y N;AUD=A[R C>DWD;DSR BA_Q ? N;DL>BOR EAVCA` ] DS?O=> A FB<=O<SR PSD ND N;A;D=< FLDLF<GD DEC>P>ÌA[X j =BV SDGD A DW;>SABFV FC>P>B> ? u;<G<R PSDWY ND?>E>SQ N;DN>FSQR DS=<BVÌO` ^SD H=CD DS P<GD&SD S>?DGDR PSD A[<<S C<NDF;<=FSL<CCD< DSCD_<CA< ? WYSA` AR ND SO FSD;DCO WYSAVR ? C>FB>\=<CA`X 2DGO ;>FF?>E>SQ L>[ [>B<CQ?O` AFSD;A` ] AFSD;A` NDNOG>VR ?DSD;Yb WYB LB`WB<C L iA?>FFDX 0 P<GD LEVBAR PSD DC LB`WB<C L iA?>FFDc 0 SDGDR PSD DC LF< L;<[V IAN>B <GD E> NDBY NA=\>?> A LD;DS ;OW>UAX iDNOG>b WYB LB`WB<C L SDR PSD L [O\PAC< GB>LCD< ] L <GD C>;V=X oBV NDNOG>VR ?>? =BV o<?>;S>R [O\PACY ] ^SD C>;V=Y C>XXX N;D&[<C>=<X i;DPQ D=<\=Y ] A N<;<= C>[A [<C>=>X /D ^SD LF<GD BA_Q [AZ ] S>?Db \< [AZR ?>? NDFS<BQR ?O=> V L>F SDBQ?D PSD OBD\ABX />FB>\=<CA< S<BD[R F ?DSD;DGD FDLB<P<CY D=<\=YR DFS>LBV<S C<;<_<CCY[ LDN;DF D SD[R PSD FDFS>LBV<S H=CDR SX<X LDN;DF DW A=<CSAZA?>@AAX iDNOG>b A=<CSAZA@A;DL>B F<WV F D=<SY[ iA?>FFDX 0 B`WDLQ` =<BD DWFSDAS SDPCD S>? \<X HWB>P<CA< NDSD[O A B`WAS [DC>U>R PSD DCD F CA[ ] D=CDX MDR PSD F?;YL><SFV ND= D=<\=Db A A[<CO<SFV S<BD[ N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDbR LDE[D\CDR 12 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I C< WDB<<R P<[ DFS>SD? ] SDR PSD V C>EYL>` DWd<?SD[ X /> ^SD[ DFS>S?< DW;>E A =<;\ASFVX ,C>BAE FLA=<S<BQFSLO<SR PSD B`WDLQ C>;@AFFAPC>K FOWFS>C@A? C>EYL><[DGD DWd<?SCDGD ] PO_Q FDW>PQVn ] VLBV<SFV DFS>SDPCD< L \CAAR SD <FSQ <GD N;APAC> ] C< NDELDBVV L N;AC@AN< \CA< O=DLB<SLD;ASQR =V <GD C<LDE[D\CY[R DCD C< =><S <[O S<[ F>[Y[ OG>FCOSQX
.`WDLQR =>\< WO=OPA LE>A[CDbR W<FND[DIC>K BA_Q \CA< WYSQ H=CA[R A NDSD[O DSCD_<CAV =LDAU C<LDE[D\CYX iDP<[O ;<PQ A=<S D =LDAUc ] o> NDSD[O PSD AUR NDBDLR =L>X 3 MDR PSD VLBV<SFV C> S<B< L E>G>=DPCDb ZD;[< NDBDLYU N;AEC>?DL ] ?DSD;Y< LF<GD BA_Q LSD;APCY ] C>=<BV<S FOI<FSLD S<[ ABA ACY[ NDBD[X oDNOFSA[X /D FOI<FSLD ] ^SD C>FB>\=<CA< S ?>? S>?DLDGDR SD <FSQ W<FNDBDGDR AWD O S>? C>EYL><[DGD C>FB>\=<CAV <FSQ D=C> U>;>?S<;C>VR DN;<=<& BVÌ>V <GD FOSQ P<;S>K SD[O H=CD[OR PSD C>F F L>[A SDBQ?D A ACS<;<FO<SR H=CD[O DSCD_<CAbR A[<CO<[YU F<?FO>BQCY[A (%a$$h% sexue )R DCD C< [D\<S F;<=A SDGDR PSD [D\<S WYSQ LYF?>E>CDR C>bSA [<FS>X HW ^SD[ A FLA=<S<BQFSLO<S >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FK NDF?DBQ?O =BV D=CDGD AE ^SAU DS[<P<CCYU N;AEC>?>[A NDB> FOI<FSLR =BV [O\PACYR DWB>=>Ì<GD N;<FBDLOSY[ Z>BBAP<F?A[ D;G>CD[ ] DW;>SAS< LCA[>CA<K N;<FBDLOSY[ ] S<B<FCYb NDBDLDb D;G>CR D;G>C \<CIACY ] E=<FQ CO\CD ND[CASQR PSD \<CIACY ?>? S>?DLDbR +<CIACY F WDBQ_Db WO?LYR C> F>[D[ =<B< C< FOI<FSLO<SR PSD \<CIAC> N;AC@ANA>BQCD C<&LFV ] D;G>C \<CIACYR NDLSD;V`R ^SDR ND[A[D S<B<FCDGD C>FB>\=<CAVR NOFSD< [<FSDX ,C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F =<[DCFS;A;O<S C>[R F?>\<[ S>?R LDS PSDK Z>BBDF ] ^SD DS?>ER ND FDDW;>\<CAV[ FDL<FSAR D=CDGD AE =LOU C>=<B<CCYU NDBD[ FOI<FSL L OFBOG<R ?DSD;O` <[O C>=B<\AS D?>E>SQ =;OGD[OX 3 C< GDLD;AS<R ND\>BObFS>R PSD O \<CIACY <FSQR [DBR LSD;APCY< NDBDLY< N;AEC>?A ] =D[ACA;O`S O C<< L N<;LO` DP<;<=Q N;AEC>?A [>S<;ACF?A<X /APSD FN<@A>BQCD C< LY=<& 13 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I BV<S \<CIACO ?>? DFDWYb NDB ] ;>EL< PSD NDBDLDb D;G>CX :F< FS;DASFV LD?;OG Z>BBAP<F?DGD C>FB>\=<CAV ] A[<CCD DW ^SD[ FLA=<S<BQFSLO<S >C>BASAP<F?Ab DNYSR ND?>EYL>VR PSD FN<@AZA?> \<CIACY FDFSDAS L NDEA@AAR ?DSD;O` DC> ND DSCD_<CA` ? Z>BBAP<F?D[O C>FB>\=<CA` E>CA[><SK DC> N;<=>C> <[OR ?>? V LY;>EABFVR C<&LFVX 0?>\O WDBQ_<K Z>BBAP<F?D< C>FB>\=<CA< N;<NVSFSLO<S [O\PAC< NDBOPASQ C>FB>\=<CA< DS S \<CIACYR AWD SDR P<[ DC C>FB>\=><SFV ] ^SD C>FB>\=<CA< D;G>C>X :DS NDP<[O FL<;U&VR ?DSD;D< V SDBQ?D PSD DN;<=<BAB ?>? A[N<;>SAL />FB>\=>bFVnR N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb ?D;;<BVS ?>FS;>@AA ] WB>GDLA=CDGD FNDFDW> [DBP>BALD N;AEC>SQR PSD C>FB>\=<CA< o;OGA[R S<BD[ o;OGDGDR [>VPAS ;>EL< PSD L W<F?DC<PCDFSAX 3 V =>\< F?>\OR ?>?Db A[<CCD ] SDb F>[DbR CA WDBQ_< CA [<CQ_<R C> ?DSD;Db FS;DASFV N>;>=D?F v<CDC>X ,UABB A P<;<N>U> ] LDS FU<[> C>FB>\=<CAV C>FB>\=<CA< D=CDb
NDBDLACY C>=<B<CCYU NDBD[ FOI<FSLX 0SDABD ,UABBO F=SQ FLDb N<;LYb _>GR ND?>E>SQ p;AF<A=<R C> PSD DC FNDFDW<CR ?>? S> NDSAUDC<P?OR P<;<N>_?DbR DS C<GD DS=>BV<SFVR NDSD[O PSD DC> C<&LFV ] C< LFV N;AC>=B<\AS <[OX aSD&SD DFS><SFV A[ C< N;AFLD<CDX ,UABB =<S FB<=OÌAb _>GR A S>? =>B<<X 3[<CCD S>?A[ DW;>ED[ L C>_< L;<[VR SDBQ?D C<=>LCDR C>OPABAFQ DN;<=<BVSQ =<bFSLAS<BQCD<R L<I<FSL<CCD< PAFBDX 3WD v<CDC C< LA= U>R L FLD` DP<;<=QR ;>E=<BV<S FO=QWO ,UABB> ] _>\D? << FS>CDLASFV LF< ?D;DP< A N;<= FLD<GD SD\< CA?DG=> C< =DFSAGC<SX aAFBDR =<bFSLAS<BQCD< PAFBDR DN;<=<BV<SFV SDPCD S>?A[ \< FNDFDWD[X aAFBD A[<<S N;<= SQ P<;<N>UO ] =DGC>SQ DC << C< L FAB>UX oDGC>SQ << DC [D\<S BA_Q L W<F?DC<PCDFSAX 0 C>FB>\=<CA<[R F<?FO>BQCY[ C>FB>\=<CA<[R A[<CCD S>? =<BD A DWFSDASX k N;<=FS>LAS<BFB>\=<CA< DS[<P<CD SDb =Y;DbR ?DSD;>V A[ C< DFS>LBV<S LYWD;>K ?;D[< Z>BBAP<F?DGD C>FB>\=<CAV O CAU NOSA C<SX 0NDFDWC> BA =;OG>V NDBDLAC> =DFSAPQ P<GD&SD S>?DGDR AE P<GD VFCD FS>C<SR ?>?A[ DW;>ED[ SDR PSD WYBD =D FAU ND; L C>FB>\=<CAA BA_Q N;DL>BD[R EAVCA<[R [D\<S DWB<PQFV =<bFSLAS<BQCDFSQ`c 1w +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I />L<FSA C> S>?A< [YFBA [DGOS C<?DSD;Y< C>WB`=<CAVR CDFVIA< L<FQ[> FS;>CCYb U>;>?S<;X 0BDLD FS;>CCYbR e %anxeR [D\CD ;>EBD\ASQ C> e %e&anxeR WYSd&>CG<BD[ ] N<;FN<?SAL> CAPOSQ C< BOP_>VR P<[ WYSQ GBONY[R ?>? C>_ F<GD=CV_CAb NDNOG>bX iDF[DS;A[R D=C>?DR PSD LCO_><S C>[ N;<=FS>LB<CA< D SD[R PSD L C>FB>\=<CAA S A[<CCD F<?FO>BQCD< C>FB>\=<CA< C>=<B<CD N;ALAB<GAL>SQFV N;AC@ANA>BQCD W<ELYUD=CY[X :Y=<BAL L N;DFS;>CFSL< C>FB>\=<CAV DG;>CAP<CCYbR E>[?COSYb OP>FSD?R NDBOPA[ SDR PSD L SDNDBDGAA C>EYL><SFV [<FSD[X : DWDWI>Ì<[ [>S<;A>B N;D_BDGD=C<GD F<[AC>;> S<?FS<R ?DSD;Yb F?D;D LYb=<S L NSQR [C< O=>BDFQR C> [Db LEGBV=R N;D=<[DCFS;A;DL>SQ FS;DGO` ^?LAL>B<CSCDFSQ [<\=O SDNDBDGAE>SQR PSD >CDCA[CDFSQ SDGDR D P<[ GDLD;VS ?>? D C>FB>\=<CAA ] SDGDR PSD ;<GOBA;O<SFV N;>LD[ ] U>;>?S<;AEO<SFV DN;<=<B<CCDb G<D[<S;A<bX 6<D[<S;AV ] ^SD G<S<;DG<CCDFSQ [<FS>X TSD EC>PASR ACY[A FBDL>[AR PSD <FSQ [<FSD o;OGDGDX aSD CDLDGD DW ^SD[ [<FS< o;OGDGDR NDB> ?>? o;OGDGDR ?>? >WFDB`SCDGD o;OGDGDR [D\<S F?>E>SQ C>[ FDL;<[<CC>V SDNDBDGAVc j LL<=O E=<FQ S<;[AC NBDSCDFSQX /<S CAP<GD WDB<< NBDSCDGDR P<[ N;DW<BK L<=Q <FBA N<;<F<P<CA< LF<GDR PSD L C<[ E>[?COSDR N;AEC>SQ FOI<FSLOÌA[ =BV C<?D<GD W<F?DC<PCDGD PAFB> [CD\<FSLR SD N<;<F<P<CA< N;<=NDB>G><S =>CCD< W<F?DC<PCD< PAFBDX TSD A <FSQ DN;<=<B<CA< NBDSCDFSAX iD= N<;<F<P<CA<[ ^SA[ V A[<` L LA=O SD F>[D<R D ?DSD;D[ SDBQ?D PSD _B> E=<FQ ;<PQ ] DCD&SD A VLBV<SFV =BV N;<=NDB>G><[YU F<?FO>BQCYU
DSCD_<CAb C<N;<D=DBA[Y[ N;<NVSFSLA<[X i;<=NDB>G><[YUR GDLD;` VR NDSD[O PSD L<FQ >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F C> SD[ A DFCDL>CR PSD F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb C< FOI<FSLO<SR PSD NDFSOBA;DL>SQ AU C<BQEVX 3[<CCD L ^SD[ NDBD\<CAA FDFSDAS CDLYb _>GR ?DSD;Yb WYB >C>BASAP<F?A[ =AF?O;FD[ F=C A ?DSD;Yb NDELDBV<S <[O DN;<=<BASQ =BV ?>\=DGD AE =;OGAU =AF?O;FDL <GD =<bFSLAS<BQCYb FS>SOFX 3S>?R LDS DCR SDS NOC?SR ?DSD;Yb ND?;YL><S C<LDE[D\CDFSQ F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb ?>? S>?DLYUX />FB>\=<CA<R NDF?DBQ& 1* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I ?O DCD F<?FO>BQCD<R DFS><SFV Z>BBAP<F?A[ ] ? o;OGD[OR ACY[A FBDL>[AR DCD CA?>?DGD DSCD_<CAV C< A[<<SX iDF[DS;A[R PSD AE C>_;>?S<;AEDL>B ?>? CDL<b_A< A ?DSD;Y< DNA;>`SFV C> BDGA?OR NDFS;D<CCO` C> AFFB<=DL>CAA PAFB>R N;<=B>G>`S C>[ D=CO ZD;[OBOR NDELDBVÌO` NDFS;DASQ [<FSDR C< VLBVÌ<<FV D=CD;D=CY[ N;DFS;>CFSLD[X i;<=NDBD\A[R PSD N<;<= C>[A ?>? ;>E S>?D< DG;>CAP<CCD<R E>[?COSD< N;DFS;>CFSLD ] ^?LAL>B<CS SDGDR PSD [Y SDBQ?D PSD DNAF>BAR GDLD;V D N<;<F<P<CAA W<F?DC<PCDGD PAFB> [CD\<FSLX i;<=NDBD\ALR PSD DCD ND?;YL><SFV DS?;YSY[A [CD\<FSL>[AR SD <FSQ [CD\<FSL>[AR ?DSD;Y< C< L?B`P>`S FDWFSL<CCO` G;>CA@O ] ND= G;>CA@ ND[C` L?;>S@<R [Y NDCA[><[ SDR PSD B<\AS LCOS;A FS;<[VI<GDFV ? COB` ACS<;L>B>R CD F AFUD=CDb A ?DC<PCDb SDP?>[A CA L ?D<[ FBOP>< C< FDLN>=><SR ] B<G?D =D?>E>SQR PSD N;<=NDBD\<CA< ^SD ^?LAL>B<CSCD OSL<;\=<CA`R PSD [CD\<FSLD ^SAU DS?;YSYU N;DFS;>CFSL LF<G=> =DNOF?><S FOWND?;YSA< DS?;YSY[A [CD\<FSL>[AR DW;>EOÌA[A C<?DSD;O` ?DC<PCO` L<BAPACOR SD <FSQ PSD NDFB<=DL>S<BQCDFSQ ^B<[<CSDL FDFS>LBV<S ?DC<PCO` NDFB<=DL>S<BQCDFSQX j C< F?>E>BR DW;>SAS< LCA[>CA<R PSD ^B<[<CSY ^SA ND==>`SFV FP<SOX /D L<=Q S<;[AC ?DC<PCYb ^SD N;<=NDB>G><SX 3 FDFPAS>SQR ND D=CD[OR AU [D\CDX /D N;<\=< CO\CD FC>P>B> OFS>CDLASQ AU ND;V=D?R > N;<\=< P<[ N;<=NDB>G>SQR PSD ND;V=D? ^SDS [D\<S WYSQ C>b=<CR FB<=O<S POSD? E>=<;\>SQFVX oDNOFSA[R PSD ?DC<PCDFSQ DS?;YSYU N;DFS;>CFSLR FNDFDWCYU ND?;YSQ DG;>CAP<CCD<R E>[?COSD< N;DFS;>CFSLD F<?FO>BQCDGD C>FB>\=<CAVR =D?>E>C> ] PSD WO=<S DSF`=> FB<=DL>SQc , SDR PSD N;DFS;>CFSL> ^SA [DGOS WYSQ LEVSY ND D=CD[O ] SDPC<<R FD FSD;DCY \<CIACYR ND D=CDbX 3[<CCD ^SD A N;DAFUD=AS L N;DFS;>CFSL< F<?FO>BQCDGD C>FB>\=<CAVR DWC>;O\AL>V S<[ F>[Y[ <GD NBDSCDFSQX i;DLD=CA?D[ =BV WYSAV \<CIAC ?>? C<&LFBQCD[ >FN<?S< ] FBO\AS C< S<BDR > SDR P<GD S;<WO<S BDGA?> ;<PAX 0>[> BDGA?> FASO>@AAR G=< VEY? FOI<FSLO<S LC< S ? LDNBDI<CCYb L WYSA<R C>=<B<CCD< NDBD[R
o;OGDbR S;<WO<S AU ND D=CDbX 3 LDS PSD ND;>EAS<BQCDR LDS PSD PO=CD ] H=CDR ?>? C>[<& 1y +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I ?><S C> ^SD O\< NB>SDCDLF?Ab i>;[<CA=R LEYF?O<SFV C< ?<[ ACY[R ?>? o;OGA[X 6=< WYSA< ] S>[ LEYF?O<SFV W<F?DC<PCDFSQX - SD[OR PSD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb [<FSD o;OGDGDR V NDE\< <IJ L<;COFQX 0<bP>F V N;DFSD L DW;>ECDb ZD;[OB< ^SD N;DABB`FS;A;O`X :Y EC><S<R ?DC<PCDR PSD >C>BASA?A LFB>FSQ NDAE[YL>BAFQ C>= oDC +O>CD[ ] ?<[ DC O CAU SDBQ?D CA NDWYL>BR =>\< ] N;<=FS>LQS< F<W< ] GD[DF<?FO>BAFSD[n iDN;DWObS<R D=C>?DR C>BD\ASQ C> AFSD;A` oDC +O>C> SDR D P<[ _B> O C>F F L>[A ;<PQK N;DFS;>CFSLD F<?FO>BQCDGD C>FB>\=<CAVR ND?& ;YSDGD DS?;YSY[A [CD\<FSL>[A ] [CD\<FSL>[AR FDFS>LBVÌA[A ?DC<PCO` L<BAPACO A ND==>ÌA[AFVR L ?DC<PCD[ ASDG<R FP<SOX 4>EL< C< LA=AS< LYR PSD GB>LCD< L \<CF?D[ [AZ< D oDC +O>C< SDR PSD DC A[<<S AU D=CO E> =;OGDbR ND D=CDbc :DS S>? DWFSDAS =<BD F =;OGA[ NDBD[R NDBD[ [O\F?A[R O \<CIACX HW;>E oDC +O>C> VLBV<SFV L ^SD[ DSCD_<CAA ?>NAS>BQCY[X 0 S? FOI<FSLO`S A[<C> FDWFSL<CCY<R [D\CD FDFS>LASQ FNAFD? \<CIAC A L<FSA A[ FP<SX 1FBA AU mille tre ] C< W<=>K [D\CD AU A[<SQ D=CO E> =;OGDbR ^SD GB>LCD<X TSD L>[ C< H=CDR L ?DSD;D[ FBAL><SFV LF<X /< WO=Q \<CIAC> C<&LFVR C< WO=Q DC> L ?>P<FSL< FOI<FSL>R C>=<B<CCDGD NDBD[R L FLD<[ S<B< C<&LFVR CAP<GD ND=DWCDGD C< [DGBD WY WYSQX 4 u>?SYR D ?DSD;YU V GDLD;`R ^SD Z>?SY =AF?O;F> ] =AF?O;F>R ?DSD;Yb [Y FS>;><[FV L UD=< >C>BAE> N;DAEL<FSA C> FL<SX :D A[V P<GDc :D A[V SDGDR PSDWY DFB>WASQ NOSY N;DPAU =AF?O;FDLX iDF;<=FSLD[ >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F> FOWd<?S DWC>;O\AL><S F<WV L EAVCAA ] L SD[R PSD FBO\AS N;APACDb <GD \CAVX /< WO=Q ^SD S>?R V C< F[DG WY N;AW<GCOSQ =BV DWdVFC<CAV ? SDNDBDGAA ] ? SD[OR PSDR AFUD=V AE ACDGD AFSDPCA?>R ACDGDR ?O=> WDB<< PAFSDGD =AF?O;F>R GD;>E=D C>GBV=C<< =<& [DCFS;A;O<S C>[R PSD FS>CDLB<CAV W<E =AF?O;F> C< WYL><SX 17 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I 0>[ Z>?SR PSD SDNDBDGAV ^S> FDLN>=><S F >C>BASAP<F?A[ DNYSD[ C>FSDBQ?D UD;D_DR PSD NDELDBV<S <GDR ^SDS DNYSR >;SA?OBA;DL>SQ ] ;>EL< C< DN;>L=YL><S DC [D< FS;<[B<CA< C< N;AW<G>SQR AEB>G>V DFCDL>CAV FLD<GD OP<CAVR E> C<A[<CA<[ BOP_<GDR CA ? ?>?Db FOWFS>C@AAR C< FFYB>SQFV C> ?>?D<
WY SD CA WYBD WYSA<R ND;L>SQ FD LF<[R PSD E>VLBV<S D F<W< L ?>P<FSL< ZABDFDZAAc :F<R PSD D WYSAA WYBD F?>E>CDR N;<=NDB>G><SR PSD DS N;<=A?>S> LDE[D\CD NDBCDFSQ` DS?>E>SQFV A F?>E>SQR ? N;A[<;OR P<BDL<? <FSQ ] C< O?>EYL>V N;A ^SD[R PSD A[<CCDX iDCVSA< WYSAV S<FCD FLVE>CD F ^SA[ DSF<P<CA<[ N;<=A?>S>X :YF?>EYL>SQFV D WYSAA [D\CDR L ;<EOBQS>S<R BA_Q ?DFL<CCDR BDGAP<F?A =<[DCFS;A;OV C<LDE[D\CDFSQ <GD ?>?A[&BAWD N;<=A?>SD[ NDBCDFSQ` AFP<;N>SQX pYSA< ] WYSA<R N;<S<C=OÌ<< C> EL>CA< >WFDB`SCDGD ] ^SD LF<GD BA_Q S;<IAC>R AEBD[R ;>E;YL L WYSAAR C>=<B<CCD[ NDBD[R WYSAAR E>ACS<;<FDL>CCD[ L C>FB>\=<CAAX 21 CDVW;V 1972 GD=>X
1e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I
H P<[R LY =O[><S<R GDLD;AB .>?>C C> FLD=><S<c H B`WLA ] CA WDBQ_<R CA [<CQ_<X /DLDFSQ ;>ED_B>FQ WYFS;DX -D [C< DC> L<;COB>FQ AE D=CDGD ] C< FBA_?D[R ?DC<PCDR DS=>B<CCDGD ] <L;DN<bF?DGD GD;D=A_?AR ?O=> << DSN;>LABA S<B<G;>[[DbX i>@A<CS?>R NDL<=>L_>V [C< CDLDFSQ F ?O_<S?AR F>[>R V =O[>`R C>L;V= BA L C<< NDL<;AB> ] FCD AEL<FSCDR PSD V C> F>[D[ =<B< D B`WLA GDLD;`K PSD D C;>V EC>?D[>V N<FCVn H B`WDLCD[ NDFB>CAAR D B`WDLCD[ N;AEC>CAA V =<bFSLAS<BQCD GDLD;ABR CD GDLD;ASQ D B`WLA ] ^SD =;OGD< =<BDX jFCDR ND&[D<[OR =>\< <FBA LY =BV F<WV ^SD S>? A C< FZD;[OBA;DL>BAR PSD GDLD;AB V C> N<;LD[ E>CVSAA C> F>[D[ =<B< D GBONDFSAX 3[<CCD ^SO GBONDFSQ A[ =>B F<[AC>;O ^SDGD GD=> E>GB>LQ< 1IJX :Y LA=AS<R PSD =<BD ^SD ;AF?DL>CCD<X j GDLD;` L>[ ^SD BA_Q =BV SDGDR PSDWY LY NDCVBAR PSD N;A=><S [D<[O N;AFOSFSLA` E=<FQ EC>PAS<BQCDFSQX TSDS SDS Z>?SR PSD LY A[R ^SA[ N;AFOSFSLA<[R C>FB>\=><S<FQX 1=ACFSL<CCDR PSD L [D<[ LYFSONB<CAA =<bFSLAS<BQCD GBOND ] ?>? VR LD LFV?D[ FBOP><R F[<` C>=<VSQFV ] ^SD [D< N;AFOSFSLA<X j =DB\<C WYB WY EC>SQR PSD O [<CV <FSQ E>CVSAV NDL>\C<<X 3[<CCD ND^SD[O [C< C< UDS<BDFQ WYR PSDWY N;AFOSFSLA< [D< C< WYBD L>[ ;>E A C>LF<G=> G>;>CSA;DL>CDX jFCDR D=C>?DR PSD V C< [DGOR F?>E>L <IJR ObSA L S<CQ A ;>FFPASYL>SQR PSD =<BD =>BQ_< NDb=<S W<E [<CVX TSD WYBD WY GBONDFSQ`R NDSD[O PSD V S>? ABA AC>P< N;ACA[>` L N;DAFUD=VI<[ OP>FSA<X 2C< DS ^SDGD <IJ CA?O=> C< =<SQFVX
:DFUD\=<CA< DS >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F> ? SD[OR P<[ DC DWOFBDLB<CR ? SDb AFSAC< ] <=ACFSL<CCDb L FLD<[ ;D=<R AWD C<DWUD=A[DFSQ << =D?>EYL><SFV << FND;CDFSQ` ] PSD F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb C< FOI<FSLO<SR <IJ C< =><S C>[R LDE[D\CDR N;>L> FO=ASQR PSD VLBV<SFV GBONDFSQ`R > PSD C<SX 3 LF< \< C<BQEVR A[<V L LA=O =>CCY< DNYS>R L DSCD_<CAA >C>BASA& 19 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I P<F?DGD =AF?O;F> C< FN;DFASQ ] > C< ND==<;\AL><S BA <GD FOI<FSLDL>CA< B<\>I<< L <GD DFCDL< AE[<;<CA< GBONDFSAc iDP<[O WYR =<bFSLAS<BQCDR C< NDACS<;<FDL>SQFV FS>SOFD[ ^SDGD AE[<;<CAV ] =>Ì<GD D F<W<R ?>?&CA?>?R EC>SQc :<=Q =BV SDGDR PSDWY N;DLDEGB>FASQ DSFOSFSLA< F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb ?>? AFSACO ] L ^SD[ SDC?DFSQ ] CA?>?Db CO\=Y L >C>BASAP<F?D[ =AF?O;F<R L FOICDFSAR C< WYBDX /< ND=O[>bS<R PSD V WD`FQ ND=[DPASQ FLD` ;<NOS>@A`X j C< L N<;LYb ;>E OND[AC>` E=<FQ A[V 0LVSDGD i>LB>X TSD [<CV C< NOG><SR UDSV V N;<?;>FCD NDCA[>`R PSD ?D[N;D[<SA;O` F<WV FLVEQ` F B`=Q[AR PSOF A N;DAFUD\=<CA< C< =`S AU LUD\A[A L S< ?;OGAR G=< L;>I>`FQ V F>[X /D <FBA [O\PACY D?>E>BAFQ ND D=CO FSD;DCOR > \<CIACY ND =;OGO`R N;DAED_BD ^SD LFB<=FSLA< pB>GDL<FSAV ] FDWYSAVR NDBOPAL_<GDR ?>?&CA?>?R L AFSD;AA ?D<&?>?Db ;<EDC>CFX TSD C< ND[<_>BD L>[ ;>E[CD\>SQFV =DFSDbCY[ L>F DW;>& ED[X 6BONDFSQ L B`WD[ FBOP>< C< F=><S NDEA@AAX ,C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F LYGBV=AS C<F?DBQ?D ND&ACD[OK [>B<CQ?D< > C>= S2 DW;>I><SFV ? ;>FNDBD\<CCD[O L N;>LDb FSD;DC< ZD;[OBY FOWd<?SOR PSDWY N;DAEL<FSA C> FL<S ] PSDc o> LF< SO \< GBONDFSQX /D F P<GD [Y LEVBAR L ?DC@< ?DC@DLR WO=SD LF<R PSD N;D=DB\><SFV ] C<N;<[<CCD GBONDFSQc ->? [D\CD GBONDFSA AEW<\>SQc iDBD\<CA< ^SDGD CDLDGD =AF?O;F> F;<=A N;DPAU A <GD DSCD_<CA< ? GBONDFSA N;<=FSDASR S>? ABA AC>P<R LYVFCASQX jFCDR PSD DC ND=UD=AS ? C? DS DGCVX o<BD L SD[R PSD FS;<[VSFV DCA C< AC>P<R ?>? ? C>A[<CQ_CCDb ] FBDLD ^SD A DEC>P><S ?>? ;>E LYF_<< L [A;< CAE_<GDX 6=<R L >C>BASAP<F?D[ =AF?O;F<R [<FSD LDELY_<CCDb GBONDFSAc :DS LDN;DFR NDELDBVÌAb [C< F NDBCY[ N;>LD[ DSFS;>CASQFV DS GBONDFSAR C>F E=<FQ D?;O\>Ì [D[OR A N;AEL>SQ C> FLD< [<FSD SDGDR ?SD F[D\<S ;>FF?>E>SQ D =;OGAU DWB>FSVUR G=< SDR PSD V GDLD;`R C>UD=AS FLD< ND=SL<;\=<CA<X 3[<CCD S>?D< N;<=BD\<CA< A[FSQ< OFBY_>SQ <IJ L ?DC@< N;D_BDGD GD=> AE OFS SDGDR ?D[O N;<=FSDAS F<bP>F N<;<= L>[A LYFSONASQX 4<PQ A=<S D FBO_>S<B< [D<GD F<[AC>;> A NDSD[O P<BDL<?<R >C>BASAP<F?D[O =AF?O;FO =>B<?D C<
27 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I PO\=D[X :DS O\< F C>P>B> GD=> V \=OR ?DG=> DC NDL<=><S [C<R C> FLDb FS;>U A ;AF?R D SD[R PSD L =AF?O;F<R L ZABDFDZF?D[ =AF?O;F<R N;D?B>=YL><S FLDb NOSQR =<;\> ?O;F C> C>A[<CQ_O` GBONDFSQX 3S>?R V =>` FBDLD u;>CFO> 4<?>C>SA ] LY LF< <GD O\< EC><S<X oD?B>= u;>CFO> 4<?>C>SA DNOWBA?DL>C L Sc#"#ce R \O;C>B;A\F?Db Z;<b=DLDb _?DBYX 12 =<?>W;V 1972 GD=>X
II .ACGLAFS<;AVX vC>? F[<CY =AF?O;F>X vC>P<CA< UB<I<S W<E O=<;\OX 6BONDFSQ DEC>P>Ì<GDX />FB>\=>Ì>VFV FOWFS>C@AVX
21 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II
/< GDLD;ASQ D VEY?< GBONDFS BDFQX p<F<=YR N;DL<=<CCY< j?DWFDCD[ C> =CVU L -DBB<\ =< u;>CFR N;AL<BA [<CV L LDFUAI<CA<R ?DSD;D< V A FN<_O F<GD=CV <[O E>FLA=<S<BQFSLDL>SQX /D GBONDFSQR P<;S> F?DSF?>VR CO\=><SFV L NAI<X /<O\<BA LF<R PSD [Y NAS><[R O\< ND^SD[O ND&F?DSF?A GBONDc -DC<PCDR C<SX 3EL<FSCDR D=C>?DR PSD GBONDFSA S;<WO<SFV ND=NAS?>X /O\CD BA ;>FN;DFS;>CVSQFV C> FO=ASD;AAR G=< [YR ND FOSA =R C>UD=A[FV L ;<FSD;>C<c i;>L=>R C< WO=OPA L OCAL<;FAS<SF?Db FSDBDLDbR [Y BA_Q LDDW;>\><[R WO=SD NAS><[FVX 3E[<;<CA< LDDW;>\><[DGD ] LDS G=< C>UD=A[ [Y F<W< NAIOX :Y ND[CAS<R V NDB>G>`R ?>?D< AFSDB?DL>CA< NDBOP><S L >C>BASAP<F?D[ =AF?O;F< FLVEQ F D?>E>L_<bFV LDB<` FBOP>V L NDBD\<CAA [>S<;A ?D;[ABA@BQC>V AFSD;AV \CAVR FD LF<[A <GD NDFB<=FSLAV[AR ?DSD;>V E> ^SDb FLVEQ` FSDASX :DS DW ^SD[&SD A NDb=<S ;<PQR ?DG=> GDLD;VS D NAS>CAA ] D FLD<GD ;D=> GBONDFSAR CD GBONDFSAR ?DSD;O` >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FR LDFFS>C>LBAL><S L FLDAU N;>L>UX H=C>\=Y V DWC>;O\ABR PSDR DS?;YL W<FFDEC>S<BQCD<R S;O=CD C< DPOSASQFV
L FZ<;< BACGLAFSA?AX HSF`=> V F=B LYLD=R N;<=FS>LBVÌAbFV [C<R P<FSCD GDLD;VR <=ACFSL<CCY[ LDE;>\<CA<[R ?DSD;D< V [DGO FZD;[OBA;DL>SQ L DSL<S C> SDR PSD [Y C<=>LCD OFBY_>BA AE OFS j?DWFDC>K LF< A[<Ì<< DSCD_<CA< ? VEY?OR FDFSDASR ND <GD 22 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II [C<CA`R L ?D[N<S<C@AA BACGLAFSA?AR SX<X L ?DC<PCD[ FP<S<R BACGLAFS>X j C< FDWA;>`FQ DFN>;AL>SQ ^SDS S<EAF L N;A[<C<CAA ? NDÊAAR D ?DSD;DbR FDWFSL<CCDR O C<GD A _B> ;<PQX /D <FBA [Y N;A[<[ LD LCA[>CA< LF< NDFB<=FSLAVR ?DSD;Y[A P;<L>SD DN;<=<B<CA< VEY?> =BV C>UD\=<CAV DFCDL FOWd<?S> ] DFCDLR u;<b=D[ FSDBQ ;>=A?>BQCD N<;<F[DS;<CCYU A N<;<DF[YFB<CCYUR PSD C> CAU&SD A EA\=<SFV F SVLABD D F<W< <GD OFS>[A ?>? W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< ] SD C>[ NDC<LDB< N;A=<SFVR DFS>LAL j?DWFDCO <GD ND^SAP<F?O` LDSPACOR N;A=O[>SQ ?>?D<&CAWO=Q =;OGD< ND=UD=VI<< FBD LDX j WY N;<=BD\AB C>EL>SQ ^SD BACGLAFS<;A<bX : ?>?Db&SD [<;< ^SD =<S [<CV OVELA[Y[ =BV BACGLAFSA?A A DSP>FSA DWdVFCV<SR NDP<[O =DFS><SFV [C< FSDBQ [CDGD ON;<?DL FD FSD;DCY WDBQ_ACFSL> BACGLAFSDLR ] ;>EO[<<SFVR j?DWFDC C< L AU PAFB<R CD ^SD NDSD[OR PSD DC LD [C<R NDN;DFSO GDLD;VR =O_A C<S ] B`WAS [<CVR D=CA[ FBDLD[X 2D< NDBD\<CA<R GB>FVI<<R PSD W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< D;G>CAEDL>CD ?>? VEY?R ? BACGLAFSA?< DSCD_<CAV C< A[<<SX TSD BA_Q ?B`P ? Z;>E<R N;D?D[[<CSA;DL>CCDb L S<?FS<R ?DSD;Yb NDVLASFV L WBA\>b_<[ LYNOF?< [D<GD AEL<FSCDGD C<N<;AD=AP<F?DGD \O;C>B> ND= C>EL>CA<[ LrE hu%t# ] Z;>E<R ?DSD;O` V L N;D_BD[ GD=O C<D=CD?;>SCD NAF>B C> =DF?<R S>? A C< =>L CA ;>EO F<W< S;O=> << NDVFCASQK l,?S LYF?>EYL>CAV DFS><SFV E>WYS E> S<[R PSD F?>EYL><SFV L SD[R PSD FBY_ASFVmX 3 LF< \< D LYF?>EYL>CAA FB<=O<S FO=ASQ ND NDFB<=FSLAV[ F?>E>CCDGDX /D PSD FD F?>E>CCY[ F=`SR E>;>C<< C< F?>\<_QX 3WD F=SQ AE C<GD [D\CD PSD OGD=CD ] ?>?R C>N;A[<;R AE [<W<BA NDFB< _SO;[> ABA WD[W>;=A;DL?AX k 4<[WD <FSQ S<?FS ] V GDLD;AB D C<[ L N;D_BD[ GD=O ] ND= C>EL>CA<[ - ;>EO[OR ;AS[ ?DSD;DGD E>=><SFV E>L<;_>ÌA[ ?>\=O` FS;DZO ;<Z;<CD[ lCDL>V B`WDLQmX 3 O\R ?DBAR ND DWI<[O [C<CA`R V L N;D_BYb ;>E GDLD;AB A[<CCD D B`WLAR NDP<[O WY C>[ C< LEGBVCOSQ C> C<< S<N<;Q ND= ^SA[ OGBD[R A[<V L LA=O ND?>E>SQ =AFS>C@A`R DS=<BVÌO` BACGLAFSA?O DS BACGLAFS<;AAX : S<?FS< 4<[WD B`WDLQ FBO\AS FN<@A>BQCD LY=<B<CCY[ EC>?D[ N<;<DF[YFB<CAV ] NDP<[O ND^S ? F[YFBOR ? ;>EO[OR A DW;>I><SFVX 2<CVV F[YFBR [Y F CA[ [<CV<[ A =AF?O;FX
23 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II j UDPO C>ND[CASQ P<SY;< LY=<B<CCYU [CD` SAN> =AF?O;F>X HFCDLDb =BV LY=<B<CAV A[<CCD P<SY;C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FR N;<=FS>LB<CCYb FU<[>SAP<F?A ?>? P<SY;< NDEA@AAR ?>\=Db AE ?DSD;YU FDDSL<SFSLO<S SDS ABA ACDb ^ZZ<?S DEC>P>Ì<GDX iDFB<=DL>S<BQCDFSQ SANDL CA L ?D<[ FBOP>< C< FB<=O<S ;>FF[>S;AL>SQ ?>? AFSD;AP<F?Ab ND;V=D? AU FS>CDLB<CAV ] SDR PSD D=AC NDVLBV<SFV ;>CQ_< =;OGDGDR C< A[<<S =BV C>F L =>CCD[ FBOP>< ;DLCD CA?>?DGD EC>P<CAVX oBV [<CV F<bP>F L>\CD SDR PSD LFV?Ab ;>E N;A N<;<UD=< DS D=CDGD =AF?O;F> ? =;OGD[O NFAUD>C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F LFNBYL><SR S>? ABA AC>P<R C> NDL<;UCDFSQX aSDWY N;A[<CVSQ C>_A ?>S<GD;AAR FAFS<[> ?DSD;YU F>[> AF?B`PAS<BQCD AE FOI<FSLDL>CAV >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F> A LYLD=ASFVR FB<=O<S FD LCA[>CA<[ O=DFSDL<;ASQFV L SD[ Z>?S<R PSD N;A ?>\=D[ N<;<UD=< DS D=CDGD =AF?O;F> ? =;OGD[O DS[<SFV LDECA?CDL<CA< =AF?O;F> >C>BASAP<F?DGDX 3[<CCD ^SDS Z>?S V A A[<` L LA=OR ?DG=> GDLD;`R PSD B`WDLQ ] ^SD EC>? F[<CY =AF?O;F>X iDFB<=CAb ;>E V GDLD;ABR PSD C>FB>\=<CA< (S<BD[) o;OGDGD C< VLBV<SFV EC>?D[ B`WLAX v=<FQ \< V OSL<;\=>`R PSD B`WDLQ ] ^SD EC>?X /< E>?B`P><SFV BA B`WDLQ L SD[R PSD VLBVÌ<<FV C>[ ] ^SD LF<GD BA_Q EC>?c
C<LDE[D\CDFSQ
[D\CD NDCVSQ ?>? ;<G;<FFA` AFS<;AP<F?DGD =AF?O;F>K
W<FFABA<
[D\CD NDCVSQ ?>? lNDFSON>S<BQCD< =LA\<CA< ? =AF?O;FO >C>BASA?>K

C<LDE[D\CDFSQ
W<FFABA<X
2<FS> L S>WBA@<K
kFBDLCY< DWDEC>P<CAV S<;[ACDLK

S1 GDFND=FSLOÌ<< DEC>P>Ì<< S2 EC>CA< z FOWd<?S > N;AW>LDPCD< C>FB>\=<CA<
=<VS<BQ AFSAC> 2w +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II
=;OGDb N;D=O?S
3 LDS E=<FQ BDGA?> iD;&4DVBVR OND[VCOS>V C<=>LCD L =D?B>=< u;>CFO> 4<?>C>SAR ?>? ;>E A N;A=<S ? C>[ C> ND[DIQX vC>? ] OSL<;\=><S ^S> BDGA?> (<< NDBD\<CAVR LFV GBOWAC> ?DSD;YU DWC>;O\AL><SFV ND;D` BA_Q [CDGD B<S FNOFSVR C< N<;<FS>`S LYEYL>SQ O C>F LDFUAI<CA<) ] DN;<=<BV<SFV P<;<E =L< ;>E=<BQCY< FOWFS>C@AAR C< A[<ÌA< CA D=CDb DWIFSAR SX<X SDGDR PSD [Y A ND FEYL><[ DWB>FSQ` N<;<F<P<CAVX vC>?D[ B`WLA C< VLBV<SFV C>FB>\=<CA< o;OGDGDR SX<X C>FB>\=<CA< o;OGDGD NDB> AR ?>? V O\< ;>EdVFCVBR FA[LDBAEA;OÌ<GD ^SDS NDB SX 0[<C> =AF?O;F> ] ^SD =LA\<CA<R L ?DSD;D[ LF< ] [YR LYR DCD ] LE>A[CD N<;<F<?><SFVR A CA?SD C< ND?>EYL><S LA=OX :;V= BA FSDAS A GDLD;ASQR PSD ND= =AF?O;FD[ FB<=O<S NDCA[>SQ FD@A>BQCD< LE>A[D=<bFSLA<R DFCDL>CCD< C> VEY?<R A NDSD[O DN;<=<B<CCY[ DW;>ED[ OLVE>CCD< F S<[R PSD L BACGLAFSA?< A[<CO`S G;>[[>SA?Db ] LF< ;>LCD DS ^SDGDR ND&LA=A[D[OR CAP<GD C< [<CV<SFVX 0?>E>CCD< FS>LAS C>F N<;<= LDN;DFD[R ?DSD;Yb CA?SD ND?O=> C< ND=CA[>B ] LDN;DFD[ D N;<FBDLOSD[ NDCVSA<[ ACZD;[>@AAR OFNC=ADE<CR PSD W<E C<GD C< DWUD=ASFV L C>_A =CA CA D=C> C>O?>X 2Y O\< LY_BA C> O;DL<CQ [DB<?OBV;CDb ACZD;[>@AAR E>?B`P<CCDb L G<C>U A E>LASYU LD?;OG o/- ?DBQ@>U CO?B<DN;DS<&ACDLR ?DSD;Y<R L FLD` DP<;<=QR F?;OP<CY FNA;>BQ` A FD<=AC<CY GD;[DC>BQCY[A FLVEV[A ] NDFB>CAV[AR ?DSD;Y< DSN;>LBV`SFVR ;<GAFS;A;O`SFV A SX=X HW;>SA[ LCA[>CA<R PSD AFSD?A OFN ^SDb ZD;[OBY B<\>S L BACGLAFSAP<F?AU N;>LAB>UR C< SDBQ?D A[[>C<CSCYU CCYUX :DE=<bFSLA<R D ?DSD;D[ [Y GDLD;A[R N;DCA?><SR L ?DC<PCD[ ASDG<R =D F>[DGD ZOC=>[<CS> C>OPCDb [YFBAR G=< DCD N;DVLBV<SFV L N;<=FS>LB<CAA DW DS;A@>S<BQCDb ^CS;DNAAX /< ? ^SD[O BA F>[D[O N;AUD\O FD FLD DW;>I>`FQ E> ND[DIQ` ? ZOC?@AA DEC>P>Ì<GDc 2* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II
aSD S>?D< DEC>P>Ì<<c HEC>P>Ì<<R FDGB>FCD ;ASO>B>[ BACGLAFSAP<F?Db S;>=A@AA ] LDLF< C< FN<@A>BQCD FDFF`;DLF?DAR > LDFUD=VI[ A LDFN;ACVSDb O CAU WB>\<CCY[ ,LGOFSACD[ ] =DB\CD FS;O?SO;A;DL>SQFV L SDNDBDGAP<F?AU S<;[AC>UX :<=Q DEC>P>ÌA[ VLBV<SFVR N;<\=< LF<GDR SDR PSD A[<<S FB<=FSLA<[ DEC>P><[D<{ N;A ^SD[ L>\CD C< E>WYL>SQR PSD [<\=O CA[A B<\AS N;<G;>=> ] N;<G;>=>R CO\=>Ì>VFV L N;<D=DB<CAAX />ABOP_A[ DW;>ED[ ^SDS N;A<[ SDNDBDGAE>@AA =>CCYU VEY?> ABB`FS;A;O<SFV ZDCDBDGA LDNBDI><S DEC>P>Ì<< L LA=< ZDC<[YX /D DEC>P>Ì<< CA?>? C< [D\<S DG;>CAPASQFV ^SDb ZDC<[>SAP<F?Db
ANDFS>FQ`X 3S>? ] PSD \< N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb <=ACAPCD< DEC>P>Ì<< (un s#xn#|#can )c iDUD\<R PSD FZD;[OBA;DL>L LDN;DF S>?A[ DW;>ED[R [C< N;A=<SFV ?D<&PSD NDVFCASQ 0BDLD AN (D=AC)R N;<=_<FSLOÌ<< E=<FQ C>_<[O S<;[ACOR LYNDBCV<S ZOC?@A` C<DN;<=<B<CCDGD >;SA?BVX 1GD C>BAPA< N;<=NDB>G><SR PSD DEC>P>Ì<< [D\<S FS>SQ FDWA;>S<BQCY[R PSD DCD [D\<S WYSQ FG;ONNA;DL>CD A N;<=DFS>LB<CD ?>? C<?>V FDLD?ONCDFSQX H=C>?D [C< ?>\<SFVR PSD DWDFCDL>SQ ^SO FDLD?ONCDFSQR N;<=NDFB>SQ ;SA?BQ 1<R BACGLAFSO WO=<S C<B<G?DR AWD C< FOI<FSLO<S N;<=A?>S>R ?DSD;Yb =>B WY <[O ^SD N;>LDX /< =>B<< ?>? LP<;> j?DWFDC DW;>SAB C>_< LCA[>CA< C> SDR PSD LDLF< C< FBDLD FNDFDWCD FS>SQ DFCDLDb DEC>P>Ì<GDX 0BDLD C< DW;>EO<S FDLD?ONCDFSA CAG=<R ?;D[< ?>? L FBDL>;<R G=< DCD [D\<S WYSQ L?B`P<CD L DN;<=<B<CCYb ND;V=D?X aSDWY =>SQ L>[ ^SD NDPOLFSLDL>SQR V [DG WY DW;>SASQFV ? S>?Db <=ACA@<R ?>? Z;>E>R ?DSD;>V L<=Q SD\< VLBV<SFV <=ACA@P>I<R [D\CD NDNYS>SQFV N;<=FS>LASQ L LA=< C>WD;> SANAPCYU =BV =>CCDGD VEY?> L>;A>CSDLX H=C>?D V N;<=NDPCDLASQFV C> =;OGD[ Z<CD[<C< ] NDFBDLA@<R ?DSD;Yb E>ACS<;<FDL>B [<CV WB>GD=>;V C<=>LCD NDN>L_SQ< iDB>C>X 2y +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II : UD=< ;>EGDLD;>R NDBCDGD S`S PO\>?O DIOSASQR PSD N<;<= CA[ DWB>FSQ BACGLAFSAP<F?Db ?D[N<S<C@AAR <[O ND?> C<=DFSONC>VR iDB>C DW;>SAB LCA[>CA<R PSD O [>BQG>_G;O\<CY ?>?A[&SD DFDWY[ F[YFBD[ A LYNDBCV`S ZOC?@A` DP<CQ FN<@AZAP<F?O`X HWFSDVS<BQFSL>R N;A ?DSD;YU ^SD C>WB`=<CA< WYBD F=CDR C< ND[<_><S [C< L FLDAU LYLD=>U NDbSA =>BQ_<X /<S;O=CD E>[<SASQR C> F>[D[ =<B<R PSD C> G;>CA@>U ZOC?@ADCA;DL>CAV NDFBDLA@Y EC>P<CA< N;<=FS><S ?>? C<PSD ;>EL<<;AL>Ì<<FV ] LY O\ N;DFSAS< [C< ^SDS S<;[AC ] AE NDFBDLA@Y L A=AD[OX HSYIAS<R ? N;A[<;OR L FBDL>;< LY;>\<CA< a #%e&"a%#xh &L>[ WO=<S NDSD[R D P<[ [C< ;>FF?>E>SQX H?>EYL><SFVR =D_BA =D SDGDR PSD LY=O[>BA C<?D<GD GDFND=AC> ND A[<CA .>;AGD AR N;ASVCOL <GD E> O_AR NDBOPABA L ?DC@< ?DC@DL ^SD a #%e&"a%#xh X M>? PSD \< N;<FBDLOSD< a #%e&"a%#xh DEC>P><S ] N;A SD[R PSD L VEY?< C<[>BD =;OGAUR C< [<C<< ^?FS;>L>G>CSCYU Z;>E<DBDGAE[DLc , DEC>P>`S LF< DCA D=CD ] CAEL<;\<CA< \CAVX :DS F[YFB LY;>\<CAV a #%e& "a%#xh X 3E =Y;YR N;D=CCDb L WDPDC?< EC>P<CAVR CAEL<;G><SFVR UB<I<S W<E O=<;\O (a #%e&"a%#xh ) FS;OV EC>P<CAVR ND?> C< C>BQ<SFV <GD NDBC>V ?;O\?>X aSD \< ^SD E> EC>P<CA<c /> O;DLC< C>_<GD ;>FF[DS;<CAV ^SD SDR PSD A[<<S FB<=FSLA<[ DEC>P><[D<X />ND[AC>`R PSD NDC>P>BO FDDSCD_<CA< DEC>P><[DGD A DEC>P>Ì<GD WYBD D_AWDPCD DU>;>?S<;AEDL>CD ?>? N;DAELDBQCD<X 0DFF`;
S>? A GDLD;ASR UDSV NDUD\<R PSD =<S DC ^SD F?;<NV F<;=@<K C> F>[D[ =<B<R FO=V ND FD=<;\A[D[O VIA?DL <GD NAFQ[<CCDGD FSDB>R ] V A[<` L LA=O AFSD;AA >C>G;>[[ ] <GD [C<CA< GD;>E=D WBA\< ? SD[OR PSD [Y C>UD=A[ L -;>SAB<X :NSB<CA< \< N;DAELDBQCDFSA FDE=><SFV S<[R PSD FB<=FSLAVR A[<ÌA;>?S<; DEC>P><[DGDR C< DWC>;O\AL>`S F S<[R PSD A[ FBO\AS N;APACDbR CA?>?Db FLVEAX H=C>?D FLVEA ^SDb DCA C< DWC>;O\AL>`S AF?B`PAS<BQCD NDSD[OR PSD [Y NAS><[ ABBÈA`R WO=SD N;APAC> ^S> A[<<S ?>?D<&SD DSCD_<CA< ? 4<>BQCD[OX j GDLD;` D 4<>BQCD[ F<;Q<ECD[X 0<;Q<ECD< ] PSDWY ^SD NDCVSQR CO\CDR ?DC<PCDR WYSQ L ?O;F< =R CO\CD C<[CDGD NDUD=ASQ C> [DA F<[AC>;Y ] [D\<S WYSQ SDBQ?D F<;A>BQCY[X iDFSAG><SFV ^SD 27 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II =BAS<BQCY[ N;D@<FFD[ AELB<P<CAVR L UD=< ?DSD;DGD [Y AELB<?><[ AE VEY?> C<PSD S>?D<R PSD L C<[ FD=<;\ASFVR CD D P<[ ND?>R C> =>CCD[ ^S>N< [D<GD AEBD\<CAVR O C>F F>[D< DS=>B<CCD< N;<=FS>LB<CA< ] LEVSQ UDSV WY C<DN;<=<B<CCYb >;SA?BQ ANR ^SO N;A[>C?OR LDFNDBQEDL>SQFV ?DSD;Db S>?R PSDWY DC> LYNDBCVB> ND DSCD_<CA` ? DEC>P>Ì<[O FDWA;>S<BQCO` ZOC?@A`R [Y ND?> C< O[<<[X /> F>[D[ =<B< FB<=O<SR ?>? [Y OW<=A[FVR F=SQ DW;>SCD< A L[<FSD SDGDR PSDWY AFFB<=DL>SQ D=CDR <=ACAPCD< DEC>P>Ì<< (un s#xn#|#an )R DW;>SASQFV ? DEC>P>Ì<[O H=AC ((n) ] CD DW ^SD[ ;<PQ NDb=<S LN<;<=AX 0B<=FSLAVR A[<ÌA;>?S<; DEC>P><[DGDR C< DWC>;O\AL>`S CA?>?Db LA=A[Db FLVEA F S<[R PSD AU LYEYL><SX HSF`=> FB<=O<SR PSD ;<Z<;<CSYR SX<X S< L<IAR =BV N;AWBA\<CAV ? ?DSD;Y[ DEC>P>Ì<< FBO\ASR LDFN;ACA[>`SFV N;AWBAEAS<BQCDR ?>? WY C<LDD;O\<CCY[ GB>ED[X 3 LDLF< C< L>\CDR PSD L<IA ^SA [DGOS D?>E>SQFV LDDW;>\><[Y[A ] L ?DC@< ?DC@DLR NDELDBVb DEC>P>Ì<< LY=<BASQ CO\CYb =BV C>_<GD FP>FSQV DW;>ER ^SDGD WYBD WY LNDBC< =DFS>SDPCDX /> F>[D[ =<B<R OLYR ^SDGD C< N;DAFUD=ASX /> O;DLC< ;>EBAPAV DEC>P>Ì<</DEC>P><[D< DSCD_<CA< DEC>P><[DGD ? SD[OR PSD N;AFOSFSLO<S L ^SD[ ;>EBAPAA ?>? C<DWUD=A[D< S;<SQ<R SX<X ? ;<Z<;<CSOR FDFSDASR FDWFSL<CCDR L SD[R PSD DEC>P><[D< <GD ONOF?><S AE LA=OX -DBBA[>SD; C< ;>WDS><SX : =DL<;_<CA< LF<GD D?>EYL><SFVR PSDR N;AW<GCOL ? ?D<&?>?A[ =;OGA[ ZD?OF>[R DEC>P>ÌA[ LF< \< O=><SFV LDFNDBQEDL>SQFVX }>;>?S<;AEDL>SQ ZOC?@A` DEC>P>Ì<GDR N;<=FS>LASQ <GD L FDWA;>S<BQCDb ZD;[<R C>ND[AC>Ì@A`R C>[ ND[D\<S SDR PSD NDFBO\ABD =BV C>F DSN;>LCY[ NOC?SD[ ] BDGA?> iD;&4DVBVX 4<?>C>SA C>ND[AC>B L>[ C> =CVU D FOWFS>CSALA;DL>CCYU N;AB>G>S<BQCYUX H?;OGBDFSQ AELB<?><SFV AE ?;OGBDGDR > FN;>L<=BALDFSQ ] NDP<[O WY A C<Sc ] AE FN;>L<=BALDGDX TSD ?>? ;>E A NDELDBAS C>[ LY=LACOSQ GBONDFSQ C> N<;LYb NB>C A N;V[D E>VLASQR PSD DC> VLBV<SFV C< F<[>CSAP<F?Db ?>S<GD;A ?DSD;O` << N;ACA[>`SR > FNDFDWD[
N;A=>SQ DEC>P>Ì<[O FDWA;>S<BQCYb U>;>?S<;X iDP<[O WY A C<Sc :<=Q DEC>P>Ì<< GBONDR W<FF[YFB<CCDX 2e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II 2C< ?>\<SFVR PSD LF< ^SD [D\<S LYEL>SQ OBYW?O ] OBYW?OR <FS<FSL<CCDR GBONO`X ->\=Yb EC><S ] A [D\<S OW<=ASQFVR E>GBVCOL L B`WDb AE FDWD;DL ] PSD C<S CAP<GD WDB<< ND&F?DSF?A GBONDGDR P<[ OBYW?> >CGX :CO_<CA<R ?DSD;D< =<S C>[ i>F?>BQR C> ^SD[ ?>? ;>E A DFCDL>CDX , GBON>V DC> O >CG DS SDGDR PSD DC ?ON><SFV L L<;UDLCD[ DEC>P>Ì<[X H?>E>SQFV C> [<BA <[O WY C< NDL;<=ABD ] GBV=A_QR DC OBYW>SQFV A N<;<FS>B WYX j LDLF< C< UDPO F?>E>SQR WO=SD C< L<;` L >CG<BDL ] LF< EC>`SR PSD [DV L<;> L CAU DS [<CV C<DSSD;\A[> A =>\< C<DSM<bD;\A[> ] N;DFSD V C< =O[>`R PSD [Y =D\=<[FV DS ^SAU L<FSCA?DL UDSV WY D=CDb L<FSAR A L ^SD[ F[YFB< DCA F>[Y< C>FSDVIA< DEC>P>ÌA<X iDP<[O [Y N;A=><[ S>?D< EC>P<CA< ZOC?@AA DEC>P>Ì<GDc o> NDSD[OR PSD DC> B<\AS L DFCDL< SDGD FA[LDBAP<F?DGD AE[<;<CAVR ?DSD;D< D=CD A NDELDBAS C>[ LY=<BASQ >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F L PAFSD[ LA=<X j [DG WY ND=DbSA ? ^SD[O N;<=[<SO A F =;OGDb FSD;DCY ] C>N;A[<;R ;>FF?>E>L L>[ D SD[R ?>? N;DFVSFV ?D [C< C> >C>BAEX /D ^SAU =<BA?>SCYU [D[<CSDL V C< UDSF>SQFVX v=<FQ C>b=OSFV B`=AR ?DSD;Y< OEC>`S L ;>FF?>E< F<WVR A D=AC pDG EC><SR PSD DCA DWD [C< [DGOS LDDW;>EASQX a<GD =DW;DGD DCA ND=O[>`SR PSD V FPAS>` AU E> GBON@DLX /> F>[D[ =<B< ^SD NDFB<=C<<R PSD [DGBD WY [C< L S>?AU FBOP>VU N;AbSA L GDBDLOX 4<PQ A=<S D SD[R PSD >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F LLD=AS FOWFS>CSALA;DL>CCD< N;AB>G>S<BQCD< ] GBONDFSQR W<FF[YFB<CCDFSQ ] L ?>P<FSL< D=CDGD AE FBO\<WCYU AE[<;<CAb DEC>P>Ì<GDX /> ^SD[ [D[<CS< C>[ N;A=<SFV DFS>CDLASQFV ND=;DWC<<X 3 1FBA [Y FOWFS>CSALA;O<[R EC>PASR [Y FDWA;><[FV =DNOFSASQ FOWFS>C@A`R > F FOWFS>C@AV[A O C>F C> F<GD=CV_CAb =<CQ C< WDG>SDX k C>F AU LF<GD =L< ] [YFBVI>V A N;DSV\<CC>VX 3FUD=V AE ^SDGD FB<=DL>BD WYR C>L<;CD<R FN;DFASQR G=< \< A[<CCD C>UD=ASFV [<FSD ^SD[O FOWFS>C@ADC>BQCD[O AE[<& 29 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II ;<CA`R WO=Q SD WBAE?D[O ABA =>B<?D[OR =D FAU ND; BA_Q EC>?>[A =>L>L_<[O D F<W< EC>SQ{ ^SDb FBO\<WCDb FOWFS>C@AAR ^SD[O AE[<;<CA` (t#~ens#hn)R ?DSD;D< FB<=DL>BD WY NAF>SQ t# &~ens#hn (AE[<;<CA< F?>EYL>CAV) ] AE[<;<CA`R
U;>C<CA< ?DSD;DGD L>\C<< =BV ZOC?@ADCA;DL>CAV VEY?>R C<\<BA FS;DGD< FDWB`=<CA< ?>?AU WY SD CA WYBD N;>LABc aSD ?>F><SFV FOWFS>C@AA [YFBVI [<SCD LA=DAE[<CASQX HS lV [YFB`mR ?DSD;D<R N;<=NDB>G>V F>[D F<WVR DWDFCDLYL><S FOI<FSLDL>CA<R [Y F=BA LN<;<= <IJ D=AC _>G ] _>G ? W<FFDEC>S<BQCD[OX iDF?DBQ?O F<GD=CV [C< N;<=FSDASR A=V ND N;DSD;<CCDb ?DB<<R GDLD;ASQ D W<FFDEC>S<BQCD[R LYFS;D<CCD[ ?>? VEY?R A[<bS< L LA=O ] ^S> ZD;[OB> NDBCDFSQ` AE[<CV<S ZOC?@A` FOWd<?S> L ?>P<FSL< FOI<FSLOÌ<GDX 0OWd<?S ] ^SD LDLF< C< SDSR ?SD [YFBASX 0OWd<?S ] ^SD SDSR ?DGD [Y N;AEYL><[ C< GDLD;ASQ LF<R C<S ] LF< F?>E>SQ C<BQEV A [Y GDLD;A[ <[O S>? BA_Q =BV SDGDR PSDWY <GD OB<FSASQ ] > GDLD;ASQ GBONDFSAK L ^SD[ LF< =<BD TSA&SD GBONDFSA A NDELDBV`S C>[ C>P>SQ >C>BAE A DS?;YSQ =BV F<WV CDLYb FOWd<?S ] FOWd<?S W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGDX a<[ [<CQ_< DCR GDBOWPA?R N;<=NDPS<S =O[>SQR S<[ WDBQ_< O C>F NDVLASFV _>CFDL OEC>SQ D C<[ ?D<&PSD CDLD<R F=SQ AE F?>E>CCDGD A[ DN;<=<B<CCY< LYLD=Y ] > F?>E>CCDGD L<=Q C< L<;C<_QR S>?DLY O\ N;>LAB> AG;YX M>?A[ DW;>ED[ LDECA?><S >?S LYF?>EYL>CAVR ?DSD;Yb =>B<?D C< LF<G=> FNDFDW<C LC<&FOI<FSLDL>SQ F?>E>CCD[OX iD N;APAC< SDGDR PSD N;ALUD=AS ? F?>E>CCD[O ?>? <GD FB<=FSLA<X :DS AFNYS>CA<R ?DSD;D<R ?>? WY GBON FOWd<?S CA WYBR =><S _>CF N;A?DFCOSQFV L <GD >C>BAE< ? P<[O&SD ;<>BQCD[OX aSD =D FS>SOF> >?S> LYF?>EYL>CAVR SD D C<[ ND?> GDLD;ASQ C< L;<[VX oDB\<CR D=C>?DR N;<=ON;<=ASQ L>F D F>[D[ E>CO=CD[R PSD N;<=FSDAS F=SQ L ^SD[ GD=O ] C>[ N;A=<SFV ND=L<;GCOSQ ^SD[O AFNYS>CA` ;V= LYF?>EYL>CAbR N;AC>=B<\>IAU ZABDFDZF?Db S;>=A@AAX ->?D< FP>FSQ<R PSD i>;[<CA= NAF>B ND^[Yn :<=Q AFNDBQEO<[Yb A[ VEY?DLDb >NN>;>S P;<ELYP>bCD WBAED? ] NDL<;A[ E>?B`P<CA` BACGLAFS> ] [>S<[>SAP<F?A[ FNDFDW>[ LY;>\<CAVK P<;<=DL>CA< FB<=O<S E> NDFB<=DL>S<BQCDFSQ`R L?B`P<CA< E> P<;<=DL>CA<[X pO=OPA ND^SD[R i>;[<CA= 37 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II FO[E>SQR PSD UDS A[<C<< GBONDb ZD;[<X , AC>P<R SDR PSD WYSA< <FSQR > C<WYSAV ] C<S ] C< EC>`R ?>? L>[R > [C< ^SD ?>\<SFV N;DFSD GBONDFSQ`X /< ND=O[>bS<R WO=SD [C< =DFS>LBV<S O=DLDBQFSLA< ND=DWCD< GDLD;ASQX H=C>?D L ^SD[ GD=O C>[ C< DWDbSAFQ W<E WYSAVR W<E DEC>P>Ì<GD lH=ACmR ? ?DSD;D[O V <IJ L N;D_BD[ GD=O N;DBD\AB =D;DGOR F?>E>LK lH=CDGD A[<<SFV L=DFS>BQnm ->? WY GBOND A W<FF[YFB<CCD ^SD CA ELOP>BDR CD A[<CCD DSF`=>R FDWFSL<CCDR F<;Q<ECD< A C>PAC><SFVX 3 C>[ C< DWDbSAFQ E=<FQR ND\>BObR W<E DW;>I<CAV ? ZABDFDZF?Db S;>=A@AAX HS EC>[<CASDb N;DSV\<CCDb FOWFS>C@AAR =DNDBCVÌ[ SD\< S>? N;DFSD C< DS=<BASQFV ] L<=Q ^SD C< PSD ACD<R ?>? FDL;<[<CCD<
(~hte%ne) N;DFS;>CFSLDX 0OWFS>C@AV PAFSDGD N;DFS;>CFSL>R ND >C>BDGAA F PAFSY[ =OUD[X /<BQEV F?>E>SQR PSDWY ^SD WYBD [CDGDDWÌ<X aAFSD< N;DFS;>CFSLD DFCDL>CD C> NDCVSAA P>FSA ] CO\CD BA_Q OP<FSQR PSD LFFSA LC<NDBD\CY =;OG IOOSOR $a% es ex %a $a% esX /D =>\< AE ^SDGD O=>BDFQ ?D<&PSD AELB<PQR =BV P<GD N;A_BDFQ F=SQ F<;Q<ECYb _>G LN<;<=X aSDWYR N;<\=< P<[ V ND?ACO L>FR O?>E>SQ [<FSDR ?DSD;D< E>CA[><S [D< DEC>P>Ì<<R V N;<=B>G>` L>[ <IJ ND;>E[YFBASQ C>= LY;>\<CA<[R FSDVL_A[ L N;D_BYb ;>E L C>P>B< C>NAF>CCDb [CD` Z;>EY ] LY;>\<CA<[ C>FB>\=>SQFV S<BD[R S<BD[R ?DSD;D<R FA[LDBAEA;OV o;OGDGDR NDELDBAS LY;>WDS>SQ NDCVSA< D <IJ D=CDb ZD;[< FOWFS>C@AA ] D FOWFS>C@AA C>FB>\=>Ì<bFVX 4>EL< C< ^SD F>[D< N;<=NDB>G><S L<FQ NFAUD>C>BASAP<F?Ab DNYS ] C< FOWFS>C@A` SR N;A OFBDLAAR PSD ^S> NDFB<=CVV DN;<=<BV<SFV AF?B`PAS<BQCD ?>? SDR PSD C>FB>\=><SFVc TSA[ FLDbFSLD[ DWB>=>`S BA_Q \ALY< SR ?DC<PCDR CD L<=Q D SD[R PSD EC>PAS WYSQ \ALY[R [Y CAP<GD A C< EC><[R ?;D[< SDGDR PSD S<BD ] A[ [D\CD C>FB>=ASQFVX /D C>FB>=ASQFV A[ [D\CD SDBQ?D N;A OFBDLAAR PSD S<B<FCDFSQ <GD FS>CDLASFV EC>P>I<bX /D SDG=> $a% es ex %a $a% es N;DSV\<CCDb FOWFS>C@AA =<BD C< DG;>CAPASFVX ->? N;<?;>FCD E>[<S =< 0>=R ^SDS FLD<GD ;D=> ?>CSA>C<@R C>FB>\=>SQFV [D\CD BA_Q P>FSQ` =;OGDGDR AWD S<BD C< [D\<S DWLASQFV LD?;OG S o;OGDGD C>FSDBQ?DR PSDWY L?B`PASQ <GD L FDWFSL<CCD< @<BA?D[ A N<;<L>;ASQ ND=DWCD Z>GD@ASOX 31 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II iD^SD[O A N;AUD=ASFV =DLDBQFSLDL>SQFV C<WDBQ_A[ DWdVSA<[R LDS S>?R E> NB<PA?AR > S>[ A <IJ E> PSD&CAWO=Q ] DbR WDBQCDn />FB>\=<CA< DSBAP><SFV S<[ ZOC=>[<CS>BQCY[ FLDbFSLD[R PSD LF< S<BD D=CDGD C>FB>\=><SFV P>FSQ` S o;OGDGDX /D A ^S> P>FSQ S C>FB>\=><SFV SD\< ] o;OGD[O ^SD [D\<S WDBQ_< ABA [<CQ_< ND L?OFOR CD L B`WD[ FBOP>< ;>LCD=O_CY[ DC DFS>SQFV C< [D\<SX pYL><S =>\<R PSD N;DAFUD=AS C<PSD LYUD=VI<< E> N;<=<BY DNAF>CCDGD [CD` VLB<CAV A DS[<P<CCD;>?S<;CDb =BV DEC>P>Ì<GD =LOF[YFB<CCDFSQ`{ =<BD L SD[R PSD ;D=AS<BQCYb N>=<\ L LY;>\<CAA ghu#% tu ch%$s [D\CD NDCVSQ BAWD L =OU< 0>=>R P<[ V E=<FQ A LDFNDBQEDL>BFV (C>FB>\=<& CA< S<BD[)R BAWDR C>N;DSALR L ^?FS>SAP<F?D[R FOWd<?SCD[ F[YFB< (C>FB>\=<CA< S) ] A SDG=> C>FB>\=><SFVR L ?DC<PCD[ FP<S<R o;OGDbX TSD BA_Q F>[Yb ^B<[<CS>;CYb O;DL<CQ SDGDR PSD D C>FB>\=<CAA [D\CD F?>E>SQX j E>VLAB L N;D_BYb ;>ER PSD DCD C< VLBV<SFV EC>?D[ B`WLAX TSD OSL<;\=<CA<R ?DSD;D< C>[ <IJ N;<=FSDAS DWDFCDL>SQ A ?DSD;D< N;AL<=<S C>F C> O;DL<CQ C>FB>\=<CAV Z>BBAP<F?DGDX /D SDR PSD V C>EYL>` C>FB>\=<CA<[ (S<BD[) o;OGDGD L FDWFSL<CCD[ F[YFB< FBDL> A PSD LYFSON><S E=<FQ BA_Q L FA[LDBAP<F?Db ZD;[<R N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb C<PSD FDLF<[ ACD< ] SD C< LF<R
>;SA?OBA;DL>SQ ?DSD;D< [C< <IJ N;<=FSDASX 4 /D PSD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb L ^SDb >;SA?OBV@AA DEC>P>Ì<< ] FN;DFA[ [Y F<GD=CV A E>?DCPA[ C> ^SD[R P<[O O [<CV <FSQ N;APACYX j F?>E>B WYR PSD DEC>P>Ì<< ;>FNDB>G><SFV C> O;DLC< C>FB>\=>Ì<bFV FOWFS>C@AAX TSD FDLF<[ C< NDUD\< C> >;AFSDS<B<LF?O` ZAEA?OR NDCVSAV[A ?DSD;Db V LDFNDBQEO`FQR A ?DSD;>V F>[A[ S<[R PSD [D\CD DW;>SASQFV ? C?R ?>? V ^SD =`R =<[DCFS;A;O<S FLD` ABBÈD;CDFSQX HEC>P>Ì<< ] ^SD N;APAC> C>FB>\=<CAVX ->? LDDWI< ? SDb ABA ACDb P>FSA S N;AWBAEASQFVR C< N;AW<GCOL =BV 32 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II ^SDGD ? ND[DIA DEC>P>Ì<GDc ->? ND[<FSASQ W<E DEC>P>Ì<GD L ZD?OF C>_<GD E;<CAV SDR PSD FBO\AS C>FB>\=<CA` [>S<;A>BQCDb N;APACDbc iOFSQ SO[>CCD A NOS>CDR CD ;DBQ ^SDb P>FSA S LF<G=> DWDEC>P<C>X M<N<;Q V N<;<b=O C<NDF;<=FSL<CCD ? ?DC<PCDb N;APAC< ] ?DC<PCDb LD LFU ^SDGD FBDL>X pO=OPA G;>CA@FB>\=<CAVR DEC>P>Ì<< ] ^SD SDR PSD <GD N;<;YL><SX HWCA[>BAFQ ] OLYR O[>VBAFQX , OFS>BA ] LF<R N<;<FS>BAX v=<FQ N<;<= C>[A =;OGDb NDB`F DEC>P>Ì<GD ] FAGC>B N;<?;>I<CAVK NDB`FR FLDbFSL<CCYb <[O S>? \< AEC>P>BQCDR ?>? AEC>P>BQC>R ND&LA=A[D[OR ?D[>C=C>V ZD;[> EL>S<BQCDGD N>=<\>X o<bFSLOÌ>V N;APAC> ] S;<SAb AE N;ALD=A[YU ,;AFSDS<B<[ SANDL N;APACY ] <FSQR L ?DC<PCD[ FP<S<R C< PSD ACD<R ?>? E>[YFFB>\=<CA< DG;>CAPAL><SFVX : \ALDSCD[ [A;< C<[>BD VLB<CAbR ?DSD;Y< N>;D=A;O`S ^SDS NOSQ C>FB>\=<CAV O GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL>R SDPCD S>? \<R ?>? C>[`SFV O \ALDSCYU ZOC?@AAR C>ND[AC>ÌA< FDDWI<CA< ] ;>EL< NPR N<;<CDFVI>V NYBQ@O F [O\F?DGD @L<S?> C> \<CF?AbR C< C>ND[AC><S C>[ D N;D& @<FF>U ?D[[OCA?>@AAc , DWdVSA<R FSY=BALD< DWdVSA<R L ?DSD;D[ C>FB>\=<CA< C>UD=AS FLD` NDFB<=C`` N;APACO ] ZD;[>BQCO`R ;>EL< C< DSCDFASFV DCD ? L<=D[FSLO ;<GOBA;OÌ[[>SA?Ac /< FBOP>bCD \< L C>P>BQCYU N;A[<;>U OP<WCA?DL ND G;>[[>SA?< i<S; WQ<S i>LB>{ F ;>LCY[ OFN<UD[ [D\CDR =O[>`R F?>E>SQR PSD i<S; A i>LEL< PSD C<NDCVSCD NDSD[R ?SD \< ?DGD NDS;<N>Bc TSO Z;>EO [C< FBOP>BDFQ DWYG;YL>SQ O\< C< ;>EX 2D\CD =>\< F?>E>SQR PSD GB>GDBR ^SDS GB>_>S>b N<;<UD=> FOWd<?S> ? NDFSAG>Ì<[O <GD L C>FB>\=<CAA ;>E=<B<CA`R N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDbR ND DN;<=<B<CA`R DEC>P>Ì<<R ND F;>LC<CA` F =;OGA[AR C< S>?D< O\ GBOND<R S<[ WDB<<R ?DG=> DCD DN;<=<BV<S <GDR ^SD ;>E=<B<CA<R FNDFDWD[ =AEd`C?@AA A FS>CDLASFV EC>?D[X
: N;D_BD[ GD=O [C< FBOPABDFQ DWYG;>SQ F=CCO` [CD` C<?DG=> L NAFQ[< ? \<CIAC< D;ZDG;>ZAP<F?O` D_AW?OK L[<FSDK , !" " V C>NA& 33 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II F>B B`WA[R DNOFSAL ?DC<PCD< >X 2C< F?>E>BA NDSD[R PSD ^SDR ND&LA=A[D[OR N;AEC>? [DAU GD[DF<?FO>BQCYU C>?BDCCDFS<bX /D L<=Q V C< FBOP>bCD GDLD;AB L>[R ?>? ;>E L N;D_BD[ GD=OR PSD ?DG=> B`WVSR NDB SOS C< N;AP<[X /> ^SD[R <FBA C< LDE;>\><S<R V UDSLASQ SDP?OX 19 =<?>W;V 1972 GD=>
III p<FFDEC>S<BQCD< ] ^SD SDR PSD PAS><SFVX HW AFNDBQEDL>CAA WO?LX S/sX HCSDBDGAVR =AF?O;F GDFND=AC>X 6DLD;ASQ D S;>U<X MDR PSD C< ND==><SFV N;DPS<CA`X
3* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III
j C>PCO NDFS<N<CCD LLD=ASQ L>F L S<[OR ?DSD;O` DSBD\AB C> F<GD=CV A ?DSD;>VR N;<=ON;<\O F;>EOR [C< ?>\<SFV GDBDLDBD[CDbX 4<PQ NDb=<S D [<FS<R ?DSD;D< E>CA[><S L >C>BASAP<F?D[ =AF?O;F< ZOC?@AV NAFQ[>X TSD C<[CDGD NDUD\< C> >C<?=DSK =<BD L SD[R PSD V C< C>_\=Y CAP<GD BOP_<GDR ?>? C>NAF>SQ C> DWBD\?< ND=GDSDLB<CCDGD [CD` ? AE=>CA` FWD;CA?> ] [OFD;DFWD;CA?>R ?>? [C< FBOPABDFQ D=C>\=Y LY;>EASQFV ] FBDLD />NAF>CCD<X 0WD;CA? ^SDSR ?>? L>[ AEL<FSCDR PS<CA< C< AE B<G?AUX 2DGO F=SQ L>[ ND F<?;<SO [>B<CQ?D< >LSDWADG;>ZAP<F?D< N;AEC>CA<K A[<CCD C> ^SD V A ;>FFPASYL>BX j =O[>B =>\<R WDBQ_< SDGDR PSD =BV PS<CAV DCA LDLF< C< N;<=C>EC>P<CYX 0B>LCD< C>P>BDR C< N;>L=> BAc 1 :DS WO?L> ] DC> PAS><SFVX i;AP<[ C> N<;LYb LEGBV=R LFB<= E> FBDLD[X HC> PAS><SFVR N;AP<[ WO?L>BQCDX /D PAS>SQ WO?LOR A N;DFSD PAS>SQ ] ^SD
=>B<?D C< D=CD A SD \<X : >C>BASAP<F?D[ =AF?O;F<R DP<LA=CDR ?>? ;>E DW ^SD[ A ;<PQ ] D SD[R PSD PAS><SFV{ D SD[R PSD PAS><SFV ND SO FSD;DCO SDGDR PSD LY NDWO\=>BA FOWd<?S> LYF?>E>SQX , NDWO\=>BA LY <GDR ?>? V L N;D_BYb ;>E O\< ND=P<;?COBR C< FSDBQ?D GDLD;ASQ LF<R F?DBQ?D GDLD;ASQ LF< ND=;V=R C< DN>F>VFQ GDLD;ASQ GBONDFSAX i;<=NDB>G><SFVR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R PSD [Y WO=<[ ^SD AE[<;<CA<R AE[<;<CA< GBONDFSAR ;>ELAL>SQR > =BV ^SDGD CO\CD GBONDFSA GDLD;ASQX aSD \< N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb AE[<;<CA< GBONDFSAc 6BONDFSQ ] ND ?;>bCR ?DSD;O` [D\CD 3y +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III N;DAEC<FSA ] =>B<?D CA?DG=> C< E>UD=ASX : \O;P>CAA ;<PA DC> ?;O\ASFV C> D=CD[ [<FS<X 3[<CCD L ^SD[ OW<\=>`FQ V LFV?Ab ;>ER LDEL;>I>VFQ C< W<E S;<N<S> ] ? SD[OR D P<[ L FLD< L;<[V O\< GDLD;ABX 2<CV LF<G=> [OP>`S DN>F<CAVR C< C>GDLD;AB BA V GBONDFS?DGDR PSD L FL<S< CYC<_CAU [DAU OSL<;\=<CAb [D\<S ND?>E>SQFV C<FDFSDVS<BQCY[X pB>GD=>;V P<BDL<?OR ?DSD;Yb LEVBFV E> AE=>CA< ^SDGD F<[AC>;> ] SD[ N<;LDGD GD=> C>_AU E>CVSAb L T?DBQ /D;[>BQ F?D;D OLA=AS FL<S ] O [<CV LDECA?BD POLFSLDR ?DSD;D[O V F>[ ND;D` C< =DL<;V`R PSD F?>E>CCD< [CD` SDG=> C< S>? O\ A GBOND ] C< C>FSDBQ?D GBONDR LD LFV?D[ FBOP><R PSDWY ND[<& _>SQ [C< LYF?>E>SQ A =;OGA< L<IAR ?DSD;Y<R FO=V ND SD[OR PSD V E=<FQ C>UD\OFQR AFNYS>CA< L;<[<C<[ LY=<;\>BAX HFS><SFVR D=C>?DR Z>?SD[R PSD L FBDL< N<;<PASYL>SQFV C>BA@D AE[<;<CA<R PQ< [<FSD ND DSCD_<CA` ? ZOC?@AA SDGDR PSD PAS><SFVR C>[ N;<=FSDASR LCOS;A >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F>R DN;<=<BASQX ,C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F A[<<S L ^SD[ F[YFB< DN;<=<B<CCY< N;ALAB<GAAX 3[<CCD AE ^SDGD V AFUD=ABR ZD;[OBA;OV NDBD\<CAVR DEC>[<CDL>L_A< L [D<[ OP<CAA CDLYb ^S>N ] >?@<CS E=<FQ CO\CD FS>LASQ C< FSDBQ?D C> VR SD <FSQ C> SDR PSD V L FDFSDVCAA LYF?>E>SQR F?DBQ?D C> AER C> SDR DS?O=> DCDR ^SD OP<CA<R PQA[ ^ZZ<?SD[R FB<=FSLA<[R V VLBV`FQR W<;<S C>P>BDX 0 SC>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F> SDPCY< ZD;[OBYR ?DSD;Y< [D\CD E>NAF>SQ C> =DF?<R AFNDBQEOV P<SY;< WO?LYR =L< P<;SY A NVSQ FS;<BD?R ?DSD;Y< FLVEYL>`S ^SA WO?LY NDN>;CD [<\=O FD WDbX H=CDb AE FS;<BD? ] NDF?DBQ?O WO?L P<SY;<R AUR ND A=<<R =DB\CD WYSQ _<FSQ ] C> FU<[< C< =DFS><SX 3FUD=AS ^S> E>NAFQ AE SDGD N<;LDC>P>BQCDGD NDBD\<CAVR PSD >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb CDLYb FNDFDW DSCD_<CAbR DFCDL>CCYb <=ACFSL<CCD C> SD[R PSD ZOC?@ADCA;O<S ?>? ;<PQR A L P<[&SD S>?D[R PSD [D\CD DN;<=<BASQ ?>? NDB<X />EL>L FLD< LYFSONB<CA< uOC?@AV A NDB< ;<PA A VEY?>R V =DW>LABK L NFAUD>C>BAE<R O?>E>L S<[ F>[Y[ C>
FLD<DW;>EA< ^SDGD =AF?O;F> ] =AF?O;F>R DSBAP>Ì<GDFV DS ;V=> =;OGAUR FBO\<WCYU ND FLD<[O U>;>?S<;O A NDBOPAL_AU L FABO ^SDGD DZA@A>BQCYb FS>SOFX :>\CD NDCVSQR ?>& 37 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III ?O` FBO\WO [D\<S C>[ FDFBO\ASQ >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F A F=SQ <GD <FBA C< DZA@A>BQCY[R SDR ND ?;>bCWDS>ÌA[K NDFS>LASQ <GD C>[ C> FBO\WOX 3[<V ^SD L LA=OR C>[ A N;<=FSDAS ?>? ;>E LYVFCASQR L P<[ [D\<S E>?B`P>SQFV S> DFDW>V ZOC?@AVR ?DSD;O` LYNDBCV<S NAFQ[D L >C>BASAP<F?D[ =AF?O;F<X oBV ;>EdVFC<CAV ZOC?@Ab ^SDGD =AF?O;F> V N;<=BD\AB AFNDBQEDL>SQ ;V= WO?L<CCYU DWDEC>P<CAbX :D&N<;LYUR WO?L> >R ?DSD;O` V C>EYL>` DWd<?SD[R CD ?DSD;>V DFS><SFVR S<[ C< [<C<<R LF<GD BA_Q WO?LDbX o>B<<R E>GB>LCD< ,R ZOC?@ADCA;DL>CA< ?DSD;DGD FLVE>CD O [<CV F S<[R PSD E>A[FSLDL>BD O N;DNDEA@AA BA_Q ZD;[O E>NAFA A VLBV<SFV ;<EOBQS>SD[ BDGA?D& [>S<[>SAP<F?AU LY?B>=D?X j DWDEC>P>` FSQ`X iD^SD[O A GDLD;` V D [<FS< o;OGDGDX ->?A[ DW;>ED[ WO?L> [D\<S FBO\ASQ =BV DWDEC>P<CAV [<FS>c jFCDR PSD S>?D< AFNDBQEDL>CA< << C< LNDBC< E>?DCCDX HS?;YL>VR ? N;A[<;OR N<;LO` FS;>CA@O S;O=>R AE=>CCDGDR C>?DC<@R G;ONNDb >LSD;DL F ?DBB<?SALCY[ NF<L=DCA[D[ /A?DB>b pO;W>?A ND= E>GB>LA<[ M<D;AV [CD\<FSLR [Y F;>EO FS>B?AL><[FV F C<?DSD;Y[ PAFBD[ BDGAP<F?AU FA[LDBDLX H=AC AE CAU DWDEC>P><S ZOC?@A` [<FSD ?>? S>?DLO`X HC N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb [>B<CQ?Ab ?L>=;>S ] X iD^SD[O GDLD;VR PSD [<FSD o;OGDGD FA[LDBAEA;O<SFV WO?LDb ,R V AFNDBQEDL>B WO?LO C< FBA_?D[ FS;DGDX v>SD V DU>;>?S<;AEDL>B ^SD [<FSDR N;AFDLD?ONAL ? <GD DWDEC>P<CA` LSD;O` WO?LOR SR SD <FSQ DEC>P>Ì<<R s#xn#|#can R DEC>P>Ì<< , L ?>P<FSL< N<;<P<;?COSDGDR E>G;>\=<CCDGD ] S(A)X M<[ F>[Y[ V N;A=>B ^SD[O [<FSO , CDLD< AE[<;<CA<R ND?>E>LR PSD DCD L ?>& P<FSL< [<FS> C<NDBCD@<CCDR PSD L C<[ <FSQ FB>WAC>R N;D;R C<UL>S?>R PSD L C<[ C<PSD D?>E>BDFQ OS;>P<CDX 4DBQ DWd<?S> > F ^SDb C<UL>S?Db ?>? ;>E A FLVE>C>X oBV ZOC?@ADCA;DL>CAV VEY?> LF< ^SD WDB<< P<[ FOI<FSL<CCDX 3FNDBQEDL>B V A <IJ D=CO WO?LOR u ] SDR PSD DC> FA[LDBAEA;O<S O [<CVR C< FB<=O<S F[<_AL>SQ F PAFSD DEC>P>ÌC>BASAP<F?Db S<D;AA S<;[AC Z>BBDFX 4<PQ A=<S C> F>[D[ =<B< D P<[&SD L<FQ[> FLD<DW;>ECD[K ;<BQ<ZCD LY=<BASQ ^SD NDELDBV<SR ?>? V F<GD=CV ND?>\OR BA_Q F>[D NAFQ[DX
3e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III 1FBA V AFNDBQEO` S;A ;>ECY< WO?LYR EC>PAS A ZOC?@AA AU ;>EBAPCYX M<N<;Q C>[R L<;COL_AFQ ? >C>BASAP<F?D[O =AF?O;FOR C>=B<\AS ;>FF[DS;<SQR PSD LLD=AS ?>\=>V AE ^SAU WO?L L ZOC?@A` DEC>P>Ì<GDX 2 iAFQ[D CA L ?D<[ FBOP>< C< DSCDFASFV ? SD[O \< ;<GAFS;OR PSD DEC>P>Ì<< ] DCDR <FBA [D\CD S>? LY;>EASQFVR C< SDGD NDBV VGD=>X HEC>P>Ì<< ] ^SD AE[<;<CA<R NDE>A[FSLDL>CCD< O BACGLAFSA?AX .ACGLAFSA?>R L NDB<R G=< LDECA?><S ;<PQR C< F>[DDP<LA=C>X HC> DNA;><SFV C> DN;<=<B<CCYb =AF?O;F ] =AF?O;F C>OPCYbX HC> ;>FPB<CV<S ;<PQR NDELDBVV LY=<BASQ L CP>Ì<< A DEC>P><[D<X 0>[DDP<LA=C>V =DSDB< ;<PQ D?>EYL><SFV =AZZ<;<C@A;DL>C>K ?DG=> [Y GDLD;A[R ^SD PSD&SD EC>PAS AR S<[ F>[Y[R N;<=NDB>G><S EC>P<CA< ] WDB<< SDGDR SDBQ?D C> ZOC?@A` DEC>PAL>CAV ;<PQR =D AEL<FSCDb FS<N<CAR A DNA;><SFVX 3E[<;<CA< DEC>P>Ì<GD LYUD=AS C> N<;LYb NB>C BA_Q SDG=>R ?DG=> LY DWC>;O\AL><S<R PSD SDR PSD LY FBY_AS<R L >?OFSAP<F?D[ F[YFB< FBDL>R F S<[R PSD ^SA ELO?A DEC>P>`SR CA?>? C< FLVE>CDX /D OSL<;\=<CA< ^SD =>B<?D C< F>[DDP<LA=CD ] DCD LDECA?><S BA_Q L ;>[?>U DN;<=<B<CCDGD FNDFDW> [Y_B<CAVR L ;>[?>U C>OPCDGD =AF?O;F>X HP<LA=CDFSQ <GD C>FSDBQ?D FD[CAS<BQC>R PSD FOI<FSLO<S @<BD< FDPAC<CA< ] =DFSDbCD< LCA[>CAVR S>? ?>? ;<PQ A=<S D -;>SAB< iB>SDC> ] G=< >LSD; FABASFV =D?>E>SQR PSD S>?>V FLVEQ FOI<FSLO<SR PSD DEC>P>Ì<< F>[D ND F<W< C>=<B<CD EC>P<CA<[X iDNYS?> ^S> ] W<EC>=<\C>VR ?>? [Y S<N<;Q EC><[ ] DW;<P<C> C> N;DL>BR NDF?DBQ?O AE ACDGDR C>OPCDGD FNDFDW> [Y_B<CAVR AE F>[DGD FS>CDLB<CAV <GDR PQV AFSD;AV O C>F C>UD=ASFV N<;<= GB>E>[AR FB<=O<SR PSD DEC>P>Ì<< SDBQ?D NDSD[O A VLBV<SFV S>?DLY[R PSD F DEC>P><[Y[ DCD N;AC@ANA>BQCD C< FLVE>CDX 0>[A S<;[ACY D?>EYL>`SFV E=<FQ DP<CQ F?DBQE?A[AX M>?Db =DW;DFDL<FSCYb BACGLAFSR ?>? 0DFF`;R N;<=NDPAS><S GDLD;ASQ D N;DAELDBQCDFSA DEC>P>Ì<GDR FDF?>BQEYL>V 39 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III S<[ F>[Y[ L ACDb FNDFDW ;>FFO\=<CAVR ACDb =AF?O;F ] =AF?O;F GDFND=AC>X i;DAELDBQCDFSQ C< F>[Yb ND=UD=VIAb S<;[ACX o<;\>FQ SDGD ABA ACDGD FNDFDW> ;>FFO\=<CAb A C< \V AE C<GD LYN>FSQR D?>E>SQFV L PO\Db <[O DWB>FSAR [Y =DB\CY NDFS>;>SQFV N;A=>SQ ^SD[O FNDFDWO DFCDL>S<BQCDFSQ A C< LYUD=ASQ C<E>[<SCD =BV F<WV E> <GD G;>CA@YX p=AS<BQCDFSQ ^S> S<[ WDB<< C<DWUD=A[>R ?DG=> [Y ;>FFO\=><[ D SD[R PSD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb F>[> ;<PQX 0?>E>SQR WO=SD DEC>P>Ì<< N;DAELDBQCD ] ^SD FDLF<[ C< SD \< F>[D<R PSD F?>E>SQR WO=SD DCD C< FLVE>CD F ^ZZ<?SD[
LDECA?CDL<CAV DEC>P><[DGDK GDLD;V D N;DAELDBQCDFSA DEC>P>Ì<GDR [Y FDDSCDFA[ <GD O\< F P<[&SD ACY[X 0BDLD FDDSC<F<CCDFSQ C>NDBCV<SFV E=<FQ FD=<;\>CA<[ BA_Q L ?DCS<?FS< ZD;[A;O<[YU =AF?O;FD[ FLVE<bX HEC>P>Ì<< ?>? S>?DLD< C< FDDSCDFASFV CA F P<[R ?;D[< F>[DGD =AF?O;F>R SD <FSQ ?;D[< FNDFDW> ZOC?@ADCA;DL>CAV VEY?>R <GD AFNDBQEDL>CAV L ?>P<FSL< F;<=FSL> FLVEAX v=<FQ F>[D< L;<[V OSDPCASQR D ?>?Db FLVEA A=<S ;<PQX 0LVEQ ] DW ^SD[ N;AUD=ASFV F?>E>SQ F;>EO ] ^SD FLVEQ [<\=O GDLD;VIA[AX :Y LA=AS< O\<R ? P<[O V ?BDC` ] L<=Q GDLD;VIA< ^SD C< ?SD&CAWO=QR > FOI<FSL>R ?DSD;Y< [Y N;ALYPCD EDL<[ \ALY[AR A WYBD WY S;O=CDR ND\>BObR BA_ASQ GDLD;VIAU AE[<;<CAV \AECAX /D FDDWI>V A[ AE[<;<CA< \AECAR [Y C>=<BV<[ AU D=CDL;<[<CCD AE[<;<CA<[ F[<;SAR PSD N;ALD=AS C> O;DLC< DEC>P>ÌAU ? ;>=A?>BQCDb =LOF[YFB<CCDFSAX :<=Q <=ACFSL<CC>V ZOC?@AVR NDELDBVÌVV =>SQ \AECA DN;<=<B<CA<R S<B<FCD< ;>E[CD\<CA<R F>[> CA \AECQ`R CA F[<;SQ` A[<CDL>SQFV C< [D\<SR AWDR A[<V NDBDLO` N;A;D=OR L?B`P><S L F<WV A SDR A =;OGD<R A \AECQR A F[<;SQX 3S>?R FSDABD C>[ LFSONASQ C> FS<E` >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F>R ?>? [Y C<[<=B<CCD N<;<F?DPABA ? SD[OR PSD A[<CO<SFV ?DC@<N@ACAVR PSD FS>LAS C>F L F>[D< PSD CA C> <FSQ ?D[AP<F?D< NDBD\<CA<X :<=Q S<;[AC ?DC@<N@AV[A&;DE=>CAV O[<FS<C L FDL<;_<CCD ACD[ =AF?O;F< ] =AF?O;F< ZABDFDZF?D[X /D =BV SDGDR ?SD ZABDFDZF?Ab =AF?O;F DFS>LABR FOI<FSLDL>CA< [A;> FS>CDLASFV ?>? C<BQEV WDB<< N;DWB<[>SAPCY[X -DG=> [Y FBY_A[R PSD >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F L?B`& w7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III P><S L F<WVR V?DWYR C<PSD DS ?DC@<N@AA [A;DE=>CAVR ^SD LF<GD BA_Q LYEYL><S OBYW?OX 0?>\O WDBQ_< ] ?DG=> C<PSD ND=DWCD< GDLD;VS D [>;?FAE[<R ^SD SD\< F[<_CDX /> ?DC@<N@A` [A;DE=>CAV DCR ND&[D<[OR CA?>? C< SVC<SX MDR PSD GDLD;AS 2>;?FR N;DSALD;<PAS ^SD[O WO?L>BQCD ND LF<[ FS>SQV[X i<;<= C>[A E=<FQR F?D;<<R C<PSD S>?D<R PSD V WY C>EL>B <L>CG<BA<[X i<;<= C>[A L<FSQ D SD[R PSD AFSD;AV NDB>G><S C>P>BD CDLD[O =AF?O;FALCD[O AE[<;<CA` A DS?;YL><S LDE[D\CDFSQ NDBCDFSQ` ND=D;L>SQ ZOC?@A` =AF?O;F> ?>? S>?DLDGD AR L N<;LO` DP<;<=QR =AF?O;F> ZABDFDZF?DGD ] SDGD F>[DGDR L ?DSD;D[ ?DC@<N@AV [A;DE=>CAV A W<;<S ?>? ;>E DFCDL>CA<X :DDWI< GDLD;VR VEY? D?>EYL><SFV DWB>FSQ`R AF?B`PAS<BQCD WDG>SDb ;<FO;F>[A ] ZABDFDZF?Ab =AF?O;FR ?DSD;Yb F S<P<CA<[ L;<[<CA L C<< D?>E>BFV LNAF>CR ;<FO;FDL ^SAU =>B<?D C< AFP<;NYL><SX H=C>?D <FSQ L ^SD[ =AF?O;F< C<?DSD;Y< D;A<CSA;YR AF?B`PASQ ?DSD;Y<R ?>? WY [Y VEY?D[ CA NDBQEDL>BAFQR D?>EYL><SFV P;<ELYP>bCD S;O=CDX : ;<EOBQS>S< NDVLBV<SFV
DN>FCDFSQ C<E>[<SCD LCDLQ NDN>FSQ L NB<C SDGDR PSD V A;DCAP<F?A C>EL>B ?DC@<N@ACAVR CD O P<GD <FSQ A =;OGD<R WDB<< F?;D[CD< A N;ABAP<FSLOÌ<< =<BO A[<CDL>CA< ] DCSDBDGAVX HCSDBDGAV LY=<BV<S L VEY?< AFNDBQEDL>CA< GB>GDB>&FLVE?AR DWDFDWBVV <GD L ?>P<FSL< DEC>P>Ì<GDX /D FDF;<=DSDPASQ LCA[>CA< C> GB>GDB< WYSQR GB>GDB<R ?DSD;Yb L VEY?>UR <FBA LEVSQ LF< AU [CDGDDW;>EA<R AFNDBQEO<SFV DSC`=Q C< D=AC>?DLY[ DW;>ED[R A C>=<BASQ <GD F>[DFSDVS<BQCY[ EC>P<CA<[ ] N;<=N;AVSA< L<FQ[> ;AF?DL>CCD<X aSDWY ^SDS N;AEC>? EC>P<CAV AE C<GD AEGC>SQR =DFS>SDPCD DW;>SASQ LCA[>CA< C> SDS Z>?SR PSD GDLD;V D P<[&SDR PSD DCD <FSQ SDR PSD <FSQR [Y LDLF< C< DWVE>CY ^SDS GB>GDB AEDBA;DL>SQX 1FSQ SDR PSD <FSQ [D\CD S>? A E>NAF>SQ D=CA[ FBDLD[K <FSQSDPSD<FSd (sesece)X 0LVE?A ?>? C< WYL>BDX 2Y WY A LDLF< << C< E>[<SABAR <FBA WY =AF?O;F GDFND=AC>R [>^FS;D (~e %e)R C< FS>LAB C> GB>GDB< <FSQ DFDWYb >?@<CSX i<;<= C>[A E=<FQ C<PSD S>?D<R D P<[ F>[ ,;AFSDS<BQ GDLD;AS F WDBQ_Db DFSD;D\CDFSQ`R AWDR PSDWY DU>;>?S<;AEDL>SQ WYSA<R ?DSD;D< DC N;DSALDNDFS>LBV<S XR PSDbCDFSAR DC N;AW<G><S ? LY;>\<CA` X DE& w1 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III C>P>ÌA< SDR PSD N;DAED_BD WYR N;A=A DCD L WYSA< ] SDR ACY[A FBDL>[AR PSD =DB\CD WYBD WYSQX iDUD\<R N<;<= C>[A E=<FQ PO=D[ FDU;>CAL_AbFV P<;<CD?R ND ?DSD;D[O [D\CD FO=ASQR DS?O=> =AF?O;F D WYSAA N;DAFUD=ASK WYSA< ] ^SD WYSA< C> NDW<GO_?>UR WYSA< C> NDFYB?>UR SDR PSD WYBD WYR <FBA WY SY OFBY_>BR PSD V S<W< N;A?>EYL>`X 3E[<;<CA< WYSAV LDECA?><SR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R L ;OFB< =AF?O;F> GDFND=AC>R SDGDR ?SDR N;DLDEGB>_>V DEC>P>Ì<< LFBOUR D\A=><SR PSD DCD LDEY[<<S =<bFSLA<R ?DSD;D< L FLVEVUR A[ ;<GOBA;O<[YUR AG;><S C< NDFB<=C`` ;DBQ ] D\A=><SR D=CA[ FBDLD[R PSD DCD WO=<S LDFN;ACVSD ?>? ?D[>C=>X HEC>P>Ì<< ] ^SDR L N<;LO` DP<;<=QR A[N<;>SALX : FAB>U BA [Y C< N;DFSD LYbSA E> ;>[?A FN<@A>BQCDGD =AF?O;F>R > L<;COSQFV ? ;<>BQCDFSA =D&=AF?O;FALCDbc :DS DC>R C>_> [<PS> ] [<PS>R C> ?DSD;Db EA\=<SFV LFV?>V A=<V EC>CAVX /D ^SD L SD \< L;<[V C< PSD ACD<R ?>? [AZX /A?>?Db =D&=AF?O;FALCDb ;<>BQCDFSA C<SX .`W>V ;<>BQCDFSQ EA\=<SFV C> SD[ ABA ACD[ =AF?O;F< A DN;<=<BV<SFV A[X :DS NDP<[O S>? L>\CDR PSDWY [Y DS=>L>BA F<W< DSP<S D SD[R L P<[ FDFSDAS >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FR A C< AGCD;A;DL>SQ SDS L>\CYbR UDSV A C< AFP<;NYL>ÌAb ^SDGD =AF?O;F> Z>?SR PSD ;<PQ L C<[ A=<S D SD[ F>[D[R PSD S>? DSBAPCD LY;>\<CD GB>GDBD[ S;>U>SQX 3[<CCD DW ^SD[ GB>GDB< ] h |ucR ND&>CGBAbF?A ] A=<S L C<[ ;<PQK D SD[R PSD L =<B< ^SD[ PSD&SD C=ASFVX TSD A LN;>L=O C<[>BDL>\C>V P>FSQ SDGDR PSD C>[ >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F NDL<;V<S ] N;AP<[ L>\CDR PSD ^SD DSC`=Q C< VLBV<SFV <GD N;ALAB<GA<bX MD \<
F>[D< LY;>\><SFV A S<[R PSD V C>EL>B L FLD< L;<[V =AF?O;FD[R ?DSD;Yb UD=AS ND ?;OGO ("e t#schu%s chu%an )X i;DNA_<[ <GD ?>? t#sc&hu%chu%an R ?>? =AF? ?O;FA;OÌAb ND ?;OGOR ?>? =AF?R LC<NDBD\CYb B`WD[O =AF?O;FO ] N;DFSD =AF?R D=CA[ FBDLD[K =AF?R PSD W<F@<BQCD ?;OSASFV C> D=CD[ [<FS<X oAF? ^SDS C>UD=ASFV L DWB>FSAR AFUD=V AE ?DSD;Db LF< =AF?O;FY =;OG DS =;OG> DWDFDWBV`SFV A G=< DCA E>S<[ SDCOS LCDLQX : C\=Yb [D\<SR C> ;>LCYU N;>L>U F =;OGA[R L<FSA ;<PQ DS FDWFSL<CCDGD BA@>R CDR AFUD=V AE SDGDR PSD [Y C>EDL<[R FN;>L<=BALDR N;ABAPA<[R =<S ^SDR UL>B> FDE=>S<B`R ?>? [D\CD ;<\<X HFCDLO \AECA FDFS>LBV<SR C> F>[D[ =<B<R SDS Z>?SR PSD LD w2 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III LF<[R PSD ?>F><SFV DSCD_<CAb [<\=O [O\PAC>[A A \<CIAC>[AR SDR PSD C>EYL><SFV DWICDFSQ` (ch""ec ## e)R CA?>? C< F?B>=YL><SFVX o>R C< F?B>=YL><SFVK DW ^SD[ GDLD;VS LF<R => A WDBQ_>V P>FSQ C>_[D<X 3 LF< \< <=ACFSL<CCD<R ? P<[O =<bFSLAS<BQCD FSDAS DSCDFASQFV LF<;Q<ER ^SD SDR PSD LYFS;>AL><SFV S>? ABA AC>P< L =AF?O;FX pDB<< SDGDR WB>GD=>;V @<BD[O ;V=O OFBDLCDFS N;<SDL A SD;[D\<CAbR VLBVÌAUFV FB<=FSLA<[ VEY?>R DSCDFVIAUFV ? VEY?DLD[O ;<GAFS;OR LNB<S<CCYU L <GD S?>CQR SDR PSD L DSCD_<CAVU ^SAUR L F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAVUR C=ASFVR C< [<_><S A[R ?>?& CA?>?R A[<SQ [<FSDX /A?>?Db =D&=AF?O;FALCDb ;<>BQCDFSA C< FOI<FSLO<S ] C< FOI<FSLO<S O\< NDSD[OR PSD N;<\=< =AF?O;F> CA D ?>?Db DWICDFSA B`=P>ÌA<X 2O\PAC> ] ^SD LF<GD&C>LF<GD DEC>P>Ì<<X +<CIAC> AI<S [O\PACO A[<CCD L ?>P<FSL< DEC>P>Ì<GDX 2O\PAC> AI<S \<CIACO L ?>P<FSL< ] ^SD ND?>\<SFV L>[ E>CVSCY[ ] P<GD&SD S>?DGDR PQ< [<FSD SD\< E>=>CD AF?B`PAS<BQCD ND DSCD_<CA` ? =AF?O;FOR NDF?DBQ?O <FBA V N;>LR DN;<=<BVV \<CIACO ?>? C<&LF`R SD L C <FSQ C<PSD DS =AF?O;F> OF?DBQE>Ì<<X 3 :>\CD NDCVSQR PSD LDECA?><S L =AF?O;F< ?>? FB<=FSLA< NAFQ[>X ->? LYR C>L<;CD<R O\< EC><S< ] > LY ^SD SDPCD EC><S<R <FBA PAS>BA ?DG=>& CAWO=Q [DA S<?FSY ] BACGLAFSA?> C< N;DFSD N;DL G;>CQ [<\=O DEC>P>ÌA[ A DEC>P><[Y[X 4>EBAPA< [<\=O CA[A ?>\<SFV L>[R C>L<;CD<R DP<LA=CY[X 3[<CCD DP<LA=CDFSQR D=C>?DR N;ALD=AS ? SD[OR PSD [Y C< LA=A[ SDGDR PSD C>UD=ASFV O C>F C> F>[D[ LA=O A ?>F><SFVR L =>CCD[ FBOP><R NAFQ[>X .ACGLAFSA?> C< N;DFSD DSBAPAB> DEC>P><[D< A DEC>P>Ì<< =;OG DS =;OG>X :L<FSA L AE[<;<CA< NAFQ[> ?>? S>?DLDGD C>F [D\<S D=CD N;DFSD< C>WB`=<CA<K DEC>P>Ì<< C< A[<<S ? FBOUO CA [>B<b_<GD DSCD_<CAV ] DCD A[<<S DSCD_<CA< SDBQ?D ? PS<CA`R PS<CA` ;>F&
w3 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III FBY_>CCDGD DEC>P>Ì<GDX HEC>P><[D< ] ^SD C< SDR PSD [Y FBY_A[X MDR PSD [Y FBY_A[ ] ^SD DEC>P>Ì<<X HEC>P><[D< ] ^SD ^ZZ<?S DEC>P>Ì<GDX v=<FQ ;>EBAPA[D C<PSD S>?D<R PSD C< VLBV<SFV ^ZZ<?SD[ =AF?O;F>R =AF?O;F> ?>? S>?DLDGDR SD <FSQ P<GD&SD S>?DGDR PSD O\< LYNDBCV<S ZOC?@A` FLVEAX :DFNDBQEO<[FV E>NAFQ`R ?DSD;>V F>[> VLBV<SFV FB<=FSLA<[ =AF?O;F>R C>OPCDGD =AF?O;F>K DWDEC>PA[ E>GB>LCY[ S [<FSD DEC>P>Ì<GDR > FS;DPCY[ s [<FSD DEC>P><[DGD ] ZOC?@AV [<FS> ND;D\=<C> F>[A[ =AF?O;FD[R AWD SDBQ?D L =AF?O;F< LF< ;>FFS>LB<CD ND FLDA[ [<FS>[X M>? LDSR [<\=O S<[ A =;OGA[R S A sR N;DB<G><S P<;S> (=;DWQ)X : ?>P<FSL< DWdVFC<CAV P<;S>R ?>E>BDFQ WYR CAP<GD C< =><SX 0BDLD DWdVFC<CA< V ONDS;<WAB C< FBOP>bCD ] =>\< DGDLD;ALR PSD P<;SDb DWDEC>P><SFV DS;A@>CA<R [Y NDCA[>CAV C< =DWQ<[FVX :<=Q NDCVSQR PSD S>?D< DS;A@>CA<R C< S>?&SD B<G?DX i;AF[DS;<L_AFQR [Y DWC>;O\A[R PSD DS;A@>CAV FOI<FSLO<S [CD\<FSLD LA=DLR ?DSD;Y< L D=CD NDCVSA< CA?>? C< O?B>=YL>`SFVX HS;A@>SQ FOI<FSLDL>CA<R F?>\<[R A DS;A@>SQ LF<DWICDFSQ ] =L< FDL<;_<CCD ;>ECY< L<IAX 1IJ VFC<< =;OGD< ] P<;S> L E>NAFA lS NDL<;U sm AEWYSDPC>R C< CO\C>R NDF?DBQ?O SDR C> PSD DC> O?>EYL><SR F>[> =AFS>C@AV NAFQ[> =<S DP<LA=CY[X a<;S>R ?>? A LF<R PSD A[<<S DSCD_<CA< ? NAFQ[OR DNA;><SFV C> D=AC N;DFSDb Z>?S & NAFQ[D C< N;<=C>EC>P<CDR PSDWY <GD NDCA[>SQX 3[<CCD ND^SD[O L>[ C<DWVE>S<BQCD NDCA[>SQ SDR PSD C>NAF>B VX /< NDCA[><S< [DAU S<?FSDL ] PSD \R S<[ BOP_<K BA_CAb NDLD= AU DWdVFCASQX MD \< F>[D< A P<;S>X a<;S> A <FSQ SDR PSD N;A B`WD[ AFNDBQEDL>CAA VEY?> ND=><S NDLD= ? LDECA?CDL<CA` NAFQ[>X o>\< O F>[DGD 0DFF`;> S ;>FNDB>G><SFV NDL<;U sR C>= P<;SDbR A[<CCD NDSD[OR PSD SDBQ?D C> CS<BQCDGD A =<;\>SFV ] PSD A O=>BDFQ [C< L>[ ND?>E>SQ L 3CFS>C@AA WO?LYR D=CD[ AE S<?FSDLR LD_<=_AU L FWD;CA? />NAF>CCDGDR ND?>E>SQ FNDFDWD[R ?DSD;Yb ND==><SFV E>NAFAR SDBQ?D A LF<GDX 1FBA WY C< ^S> P<;S>R BACGLAFSA?> C< L FAB>U WY D?>E>B>FQ UDSQ PSD&BAWD L VEY?< DWdVFCASQX /< WO=Q P<;SYR ND& ww +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III L<;U ?DSD;Db FDL<;_><S FLD< S<P<CA< DEC>P>Ì<<R LY C< ;>EGBV=<BA WYR PSD DEC>P><[D< NDBOP><S ACd<?@A` DEC>P>Ì<GDX /< WO=Q >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F>R LY N;D=DB\>BA WY WB>GDNDBOPCD =AF?O;BY?>SQR N;DAG;YL>SQ W<E ?DC@> D=CO A SO \< NB>FSAC?OX , ?;OSASFV ^S>
NB>FSAC?> BA_Q NDSD[OR PSD F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb C< FOI<FSLO<S ] ZD;[OB>R ?DSD;O` SDBQ?D >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F A NDELDBV<S >;SA?OBA;DL>SQ A ?DSD;O` V =>LCD C< OFS>` L>[ LCO_>SQX /D N;<\=< P<[ LCO_>SQ <<R FSDAS << DWdVFCASQ ] LF< =<BD L NAFQ[<K F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV C< [DGOS E>NAFYL>SQFVX .`W>V E>NAFQ AFUD=AS AE SDGD Z>?S>R PSD F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV E>NAF>SQ C<LDE[D\CDX HSF`=> A LDECA?><S ?>? ;>E SDS ^ZZ<?S =AF?O;F>R PSD EDL<SFV NAFQ[D[X /A?SD C< E>N;<SAS C>[R ?DC<PCDR C>NAF>SQ ZD;[OBO xRR NDVFCALR PSD U ] ^SD [O\PAC>R O ] \<CIAC>R a R ] F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAVX iDP<[O WY A C<Sc p<=> L SD[R D=C>?DR PSD ^SD NDBC>V PO_QR AWD ZOC?@ADCA;OÌA< ?>? DEC>P>ÌA< A NDSD[O DSFYB>ÌA< =;OG ? =;OGO FBDL> [O\PAC> A \<CIAC> FOSQ C< WDB<< P<[ DEC>P>ÌA< ] DEC>P>ÌA<R S<FCD FLVE>CCY< F =AF?O;BY?>ÌA[ AFNDBQEDL>CA<[ VEY?>X 1FBA FOI<FSLO<S =AF?O;FR FNDFDWCYb ^SD N;D=<[DCFS;A;DL>SQR SD ^SDR W<EOFBDLCDR =AF?O;F >C>BASAP<F?Ab ] L<=Q SDBQ?D DC DS=><S F<W< DSP<S L SD[R PSD \<CIACDb DLB>=<L>`S C< AC>P<R ?>? quhat ~a %e~X aSD \<CIAC>R ACY[A FBDL>[AR LFSO& N><S L F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV AF?B`PAS<BQCD L ?>P<FSL< [>S<;AX HS ^SAU AFSAC CA?O=> C< ObSAR CD DCA NDL<=OS C>F =>BQ_<X pB>GD=>;V P<[Oc pB>GD=>;V NAFQ[OX iAFQ[D C< N;DSALD;<PAS ^SD[O N<;LD[O N;AWBA\<CA` ] L<=Q A[<CCD DCD ND?>\<SR PSD N<;<= C>[A E=<FQ LDFNDBC<CA< SDb lC< LF<bmR C> ?DSD;Db ?>? ;>E A EA\=<SFV C>FB>\=<CA< \<CIACYX TSD[O C>FB>\=<CA` S<[R PSD DC> lC< LFVmR SD <FSQ C>FB>\=<CA`R WB>GD=>;V ?DSD;D[O DC> DSFOSFSLO<S ?>?A[&SD DW;>ED[ L F<W< F>[DbR DSFOSFSLO<S ?>? FOWd<?SR A C>UD=AS ?>? ;>E \<CIAC> E>GBO_?OR >R L WO=OI<[ FLD<[ ;<W<C?<X aSD ?>F><SFV UR SD <FSQ SDGDR PSDR WO=Q O C>F LDE[D\CDFSQ E>NAF>SQ F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV DFCDL>S<BQCDR ZAGO;A;DL>BD WY ?>? [O\PAC>R SD ^SD LF<GD&C>LF<GD DEC>P>Ì<<R w* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III AWDR LFSON>V L AG;O L ?>P<FSL< DEC>P>Ì<GDR [O\PAC> =<S ^SD C< AC>P<R ?>? quhat cas %a #hne~R SD <FSQ NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O DC FLVE>C F Z>BBAP<F?A[ C>FB>\=<CA<[X 0SDASR ACY[A FBDL>[AR =AF?O;FOR >C>BASAP<F?D[O =AF?O;FOR ND=DbSA ? =<BO F<;Q<ECD A N;AEC>SQR PSD OFBDLA<[ NAFQ[> VLBV<SFV <GD DND;> C> =AF?O;FR ?>? DS ZD;[OB C< DFS><SFV ?>[CV C> ?>[C< A LYVFCV<SFVR PSD F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV E>NAF>SQ C<LDE[D\CDX v>NAF>SQR V A[<` L LA=OR C>FSDVIA[ NAFQ[D[ ] S<[R PSD DWOFBDLB<CD L VEY?< =AF?O;FD[X 4 pO?L> ] ^SD L N;AC@AN< ^ZZ<?S =AF?O;F>X MDR D P<[ V ;>FF?>EYL>`R DWB>=><S E>[S<BQCY[ FLDbFSLD[ ] ^SD LF<G=>R ND FOSAR D=CD A SD \<X /< SDR PSDWY V NDLSD;VBFV ] =<BD C< L ^SD[X
o<BD L SD[R PSD FBDL> [DA N;ADW;<S>`S F[YFB NDE\<R E>=CA[ PAFBD[X -DG=> V LN<;LY<R ?>\<SFVR E>GDLD;AB D WO?L< ] > WYBD ^SD B<S NVSC>=@>SQ C>E>=R G=<&SD L GDFNAS>B< 0LVSDb ,CCY ] [C< FBOPABDFQ DW;>SASQ LCA[>CA< C> SDS AEL<FSCYb LF<[O PAS>Ì<[O [A;O ] SD <FSQ =>B<?D C< LF<[ ] Z>?SR PSD WO?LY ZACA?AbF?DGD >BZ>LAS> WYBA DWC>;O\<CY F^;D[ uBAC=<;FD[ i<S;A C> <GAN<SF?Db GBACVCDb NDFO=< =D&ZACA?AbF?Db ^NDUAR =BV ?DSD;Db DCA FBO\ABA FLD<GD ;D=> Z>W;APCY[ ?B<b[D[X , ^SD EC>PASR PSD WO?L> LDECA?B> N<;LDC>P>BQCD C> ;YC?<R SANAPCD[ N;D=O?S< =AF?O;F> ] LDECA?B> GD;>E=D ;>CQ_<R P<[ ?D[O&SD N;A_BD L GDBDLO AFNDBQEDL>SQ << =BV P<GD&SD S>?DGDR PSD LDLF< C< VLBV<SFV ?DCCDS>@AP>Ì<GDR CD << ;>E;>W>SYL><SR << FDL<;_<CFSLO<SX TSA L<IA FB<=DL>BD WY ;>FF[>S;AL>SQ =BV AFSD;AA ?>\=DGD VEY?> ND DS=<BQCDFSAX jFCDR ? N;A[<;OR PSD LYEYL>ÌA< O C>F FSDBQ FABQCD< ;>E=;>\<CA< WO?LYR ?DSD;Y< [Y C<AEL<FSCD NDP<[O C>EYL><[ =;OGA[ FBDLD[K ca%ac e%e ] V A[<` L LA=O ?AS>bF?A< A<;DGBAZYR ] LDECA?BA L =;<LC<[ ?AS>bF?D[ =AF?O;F< FNDFDWD[R CAPOSQ C< C>ND[AC>ÌA[ GDSR ?DSD;Y[ N;DAED_BA C>_A FDWFSL<CCY<X pO=OPA N;D=O?SD[ >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F>R WO?LYR ?DSD;Y[A V E=<FQ NDBQEO`FQR C< ;>LCDEC>PCY S<[R PSD LY_BAR F?>\<[R AE S<D& wy +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III ;AA G;ONNX /D UDSV NDBQEO`SFV A[A FDL<;_<CCD ND&;>ECD[OR LF< DCA ] E=<FQ& SD A C>PAC><SFV F>[D< ACS<;<FCD< ] L P<[&SD FUD=VSFVX .`WDb ^ZZ<?S =AF?O;F> UD;D_ S<[R PSD DFCDL>CR S>? ABA AC>P<R C> WO?L<X :F< ^SD BA_Q C>W;DFD? SDGDR D P<[ O [<CV WO=<S LDE[D\CDFSQ NDGDLD;ASQ ND=;DWCBQC<b_<[R DWdVFCVV ;>ECA@O [<\=O AFNDBQEDL>CA<[ WO?LY L >BG<W;< A L S<D;AA G;ONNX 0<bP>F \< V N;DFSD UDPO DW;>SASQ L>_< LCA[>CA< LDS C> PSD ] [A; C>UD=ASFVR FB>L> pDGOR L FDFSDVCAA ;>FN>=>X HC ;OUCOB C> C>_AU GB>E>U ] =>\< AE C>OPCDGD =AF?O;F> VFCD FS>CDLASFVR PSD DS C<GD CAP<GD C< DFS>BDFQX 0 [D[<CS>R ?DG=> LY [D\<S< =DNDBCASQ >SD[ _SO?DLACDbR A[<CO<[Db ?L>;?D[R A C>OPCYb =AF?O;F C>PAC><S ;>ELAL>SQFV L ^SD[ ;OFB<R ;<PQR F>[A NDCA[><S<R A=<S O\< C< D [A;<R > D P<[&SD =;OGD[X :>[ C>=D DWVE>S<BQCD NDPAS>SQ >LSD;DL ] C< FDL;<[<CCYU L>[R C<SK V C< NDFDL<SO` L>[ PAS>SQ uABANN> 0DBB<;F>R DC C< PAS><[R ?>?R LN;DP<[R A V F>[ ] CD LY [D\<S< NDPAS>SQR F?>\<[R o\DbF>X :Y F>[A OW<=AS<FQR ?>? O[<CA< AG;>SQ F NAFQ[D[ A=<S VEY?O C> NDBQEOX o\DbFR PSD CA GDLD;AR PAS><SFVR => <IJ ?>?n , LDS C> ?AS>bF?Ab <GD C< N<;<L<=<_QX aSD N;DAFUD=AS O o\DbF>c , SDR PSD DEC>P><[D< O C<GD WO?L>BQCD C>PAC<CD DEC>P>ÌA[X iDPAS>bS< iD[AC?A ND uACC<G>CO ] DEC>P>ÌA< L?B>=YL>`SFV D=CD L =;OGD< ND=DWCD [>S;<_?<R LY=LAG>`SFV =;OG AE =;OG> ?>? F<?@AA S<B<F?DN>R LFSON>`S =;OG F =;OGD[ LD LF<LDE[D\CY< FDP<S>CAVX :
;<EOBQS>S< LDECA?><S C<PSD S>?D<R PSD [D\<SR L ?>P<FSL< DEC>P><[DGDR ND?>E>SQFV E>G>=DPCY[R CD E>SD DP<CQ C>ND[AC><S SDR PSD C>[R >C>BASA?>[R N;AUD=ASFV L >C>BASAP<F?D[ =AF?O;F< LYPASYL>SQ <\<=C<LCD ] DNAF?AR BVNFOFYX 3[<CCD L ?>P<FSL< DNAF?A ^SDS S<?FS PSD&SD EC>PAS ] SDPC<<R <GD [D\CD N;DP<FSQ W<FPAFB<CCY[ [CD\<FSLD[ FNDFDWDLX iDSD[O&SD A PAS><SFV ^SDS S<?FS F S;O=D[R ABA PAS><SFV N;<L;>SCDR > SD A C< PAS><SFV LDLF<X /D ;>EL< F>[D SDR PSD [Y L =>CCD[ FBOP>< GDLD;A[ D PS<CAAR C< FLA=<S<BQFSLO<S ?;>FCD;<PALD D SD[R PSD [Y C>UD=A[FV E=<FQ L ;<GAFS;< >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F>c i;AEC>? >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F> C<AE[<CCD D=AC A SDS \< ] E>=<bFSLDL>CCD[O L C<[ DEC>P>Ì<[O [>S<;A>BO w7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III LY =><S< ACD< N;DPS<CA<R C< FDDSL<SFSLOÌ<< <GD N;V[D[O EC>P<CA`X aSDWY LY [<CV BOP_< NDCVBAR FD_B`FQ C> ?CAGOR ?DSD;O` LY LF< SDPCD PAS><S< ] C> L<BA?O` ?CAGO [A;>X iDC>WB`=>bS< E> NDB<SD[ NP<BYX HC> N<;<B<S><SR FDWA;>V [<=R F @L<S?> C> @L<SD?X i;A ^SD[ DC>R DW;>SAS< LCA[>CA<R N<;<CDFAS C> B>N?>U NYBQ@O F D=CDGD @L<S?> C> N<FSA? =;OGDGDX TSD A <FSQ SDR PSD LY L NDB<S< NP<BY LYPASYL><S<X -DG=> FS>V NSA@ ] [Y GDLD;A[ FS>VR UDSV ;<PQ A=<S N;DFSD D C<WDBQ_Db G;ONN< AU ] B<SAS CAE?DR LY LYPASYL><S< L ^SD[ N;AWBA\<CQ< G;DEYX /D DCAR NP<BY ] ;>EL< DCA PAS>`Sc 4>EL< PAS><S NPR PSD DC> FBO\AS ;>E[CD\<CA` VLCDW;>PCYU ;>FS<CAbc , NSA@Y ] ;>EL< PAS>`S DCA N;<=EC>[<CDL>CAV FO=QWYR N;<=L<FSAV WO;Ac :<FQ LDN;DF L ^SD[X /< AF?B`P<CDR ?DC<PCDR PSD B>FSDP?> WO;` N;DPASYL><SR CD A ND;OPASQFV E> ^SD SD\< C<BQEVX : >C>BASAP<F?D[ =AF?O;F< LY AFUD=AS< AE N;<=NDBD\<CAVR PSD FOWd<?S W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGD O[<<S PAS>SQX TSD A <FSQ L>_> AFSD;AV W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGDR CAP<GD WDBQ_<X /D LY C< N;DFSD N;<=NDB>G><S<R PSD DC O[<<S PAS>SQR LY N;<=NDB>G><S<R PSD [D\<S< <GD PS<CA` DWOPASQX H=C>?D LDS W<=>K SDR PSD LY DWOP><S< <GD PAS>SQR CA?DG=>R CA N;A ?>?AU OFBDLAVUR C< A[<<S >WFDB`SCD CAP<GD DWI<GD F S<[R PSD LY DW ^SD[ [D\<S< C>NAF>SQX 9 VCL>;V 1973 GD=>
w9 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV
IV
o;OGDb NDBX 0BOP>bCDFSQ DEC>P>Ì<GD A ?DFCDFSQ DEC>P><[DGDX -DC<@ [A;> A WYSA<&C>&FSD;DC<X HSFOSFSLA< F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb LDFNDBCV<S B`WDLQX 1=ACA@YX
H P<[ <IJ DFS><SFV [C< L>[ F?>E>SQ S<N<;QR ?DG=>R NDFB< [CDGAU B<S 0<[AC>;> FBDL> [DA S>? A C< N;AC<FBA =DBGD\=>CCDGD ;<EOBQS>S>c aSD \R ?>? ;>E ND^SD[O L LUR D ?DSD;YU N;<=FSDAS ;>FF?>E>SQR C<=DFS>S?> C<SX /D NDF?DBQ?O LF< F?>E>SQ C<LDE[D\CDR A C> SD <FSQ N;APACYR [C< NDC<LDB< N;AUD=ASFV LFSONASQ C> SO OE?O` =D;D\?OR G=< C> ?>\=D[ _>GO ND=FS<;<G><S [<CV DN>FCDFSQ FDF?DBQECOSQ L SDR PSDR AE F?>E>CCDGDR O\< FDFSDVBDFQX :DS NDP<[O V NDNYS>`FQ F<GD=CV N;DBD\ASQ ^SO C<B<G?O` S;DNO <IJ ;>EK L<=Q N<;<= C>[AR C> GD;AEDCS<R FDL<;_<CCD DFDW>V @<BQR ?DSD;O` C<=>;D[ DWDEC>PAB V L E>GB>LAA 0<[AC>;> FBDLD[ 1IJX 1 k\< C> N<;LD[ C>_<[ E>CVSAA V LYF?>E>B [YFBQR PSD C>FB>\=<CA< o;OGDGDR ?DSD;YbR ?>? V NDVFCABR FA[LDBAEA;DL>C S<BD[R C< VLBV<SFV EC>?D[ B`WLAX 0 ^SA[R <FS<FSL<CCDR C< FDGB>FASQFV C<BQEV ] LY F>[A POLFSLO<S<R PSD ^SD FLVE>CD F S<[R PSD V GDLD;AB ;>CQ_<R A NDSD[O DFS><SFV L FAB<X /D <FSQ L ^SDb ZD;[OB< S<;[ACYR ?DSD;Y< E>FBO\AL>`S ?D[[<CS>;AVX />FB>\=<CA< ] ^SD ?>? ;>E SDR PSD V NDNYS>BFV ^SA[ OSL<;\=<CA<[ DU>;>?S<;AEDL>SQX v>SD o;OGDb D?>EYL><SFV WDB<<R P<[ ?DG=>&BAWDR ND= LDN;DFD[X aSDWY o;OGDb C>NDBCABFV F[YFBD[ A E>AG;>B LF<[A FLDA[A G;>CV[AR <GD C<DWUD=A[D E>CDLD LY=SQR DSP<?>CASQX 0 =;OGDb FSD;DCYR L DFCDL< AFNDBQEDL>CAV ^SDGD S<;[AC> =DB\<C B<\>SQ SDS Z>?SR PSD LYGDL>;AL>` <GDR NDBQEO`FQ *7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV A[ A[<CCD VR V F>[R A GDLD;ASQ V [DGO BA_Q F SDGD [<FS>R ?DSD;D<R WO=OPA DEC>P>ÌA[R E>CA[>`X 2O\PAC> A \<CIAC>R ?>? GDLD;AB V L>[ L N;D_BYb ;>E ] ^SD C< WDB<<R P<[ DEC>P>ÌA<X 3[<CCD L ^SD[R L LYF?>EYL>CAA ?>? DSP<SBALD[ LDNBDI<CAA NDB>R W<;<S FLD< C>P>BD ZOC?@AV AU DWDAUX iD^SD[O o;OGDbR C> [D<[ VEY?<R ] ^SD C< PSD ACD<R ?>? o;OGDb NDBX aSD DW ^SD[ o;OGD[ F?>E>SQc aSD F?>E>SQ D <GD NDEA@AA ND DSCD_<CA` ? SD[O LDEL;>I<CA`R L FABO ?DSD;DGD F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV ;<>BAEO`SFV ] ? SD[O C>FB>\=<CA`R ACY[A FBDL>[AR L ?DSD;D[ >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F LY=<&
BAB ZOC?@A` Z>BBDF>c uOC?@A`R PQV S>bC> ND&N;<\C<[O C< ;>EG>=>C> ] SDBQ?D Z>?SAP<F?D< DSFOSFSLA< FDPB<CV<S C>FB>\=<CA< F Z>BBDFD[X vC>PAS BA ^SDR PSD ;<PQ A=<SR ?>? NDFN<_ABA C<?DSD;Y< N;<\=<L;<[<CCD E>?B`PASQR DW DEC>P>Ì<[ SDGDR P<GD L DEC>P>Ì<[ C< UL>S><Sc 3[<CCD ^SD A N;<=FSDAS C>[ L ^SD[ GD=O OFS>CDLASQ D?DCP>S<BQCD ] > E>D=CD A ZOC?@A` Z>BBDF> L >C>BASAP<F?D[ =AF?O;F<X 0;>EO F?>\OR PSD ZOC?@A` P<;SYR D ?DSD;Db O [<CV L N;D_BD[ GD=O _B> ;<PQR W<EDSCDFAS<BQCD ? Z>BBDFO NDCVSQ C<BQEVX HFS><SFV LSD;>V P>FSQ Z;>EYR FLVE>CC>V F N<;LDb LY;>\<CA<[ C< VLBV<SFV ] C< VLBV<SFV EC>?D[ B`WLAX />[ C< DWDbSAFQ L ^SD[ GD=O W<E DN;<=<B<CAV SDGDR PSD B<\AS L @<CS;< LFC>BASAP<F?DGD DNYS> NDFS;D<CAb ] W<E DN;<=<B<CAV B`WLAX .`WDLQ ] B`=A SDBQ?D A EC>`SR PSD D CND[AC>SQR PSD A[<CCD DC> B<\AS L F<;=@<LAC< ZABDFDZF?DGD =AF?O;F>c H=CD ^SD =DB\CD VLCD C>F C>FSD;>\AL>SQX : NDFB<=CAb ;>E V O\< =>B L>[ NDCVSQR PSD ZABDFDZF?Ab =AF?O;F ] ^SD BA_Q ;>ECDLA=CDFSQ =AF?O;F> GDFND=AC>X H=CDL;<[<CCD V FPE>SQR PSD B`WDLQ C>@<B<C> C> WYSA< ] SD F>[D<R PSD L VEY?< C>AWDB<< E>LO>BA;DL>CDK WYSA<R ?DSD;D<R <IJ C<[CDGDR =DB\CD WYBD FWYSQFVR ABAR AC>P<R WYSA<R ?DSD;D<R FWYL_AFQR E>FS>BD L;>FNBDUX j =DW>LAB S>?\<R PSD WYSA< ^SD <FSQR LDE[D\CDR L DEC>P>Ì<[ [>^FS;D ~e %e)R GDFND=ACR PSD WYSA< ^SDR LDE[D\CDR C>[A NDL<B<L><SR A PSD L C<[ F?;YL><SFV ?DL>;CYb ND=LDUX /< L<BAS BA DCD C>[R L P>FSCDFSAR E>=O[>SQFV C>= *1 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV DSBAPA<[ EC>?> DS DEC>P>Ì<GDc 3S>?R LDS P<SY;< AFUD=CYU NOC?S> ] C>FB>\=<CA<R o;OGDbR EC>?R B`WDLQX HW;>SA[FV ? C>NAF>CCD[O L S< L;<[<C>R ?DG=> B`WDLQ C< FS<FCVB>FQ GDLD;ASQ DS A[<CA WYSAV ] DS?;D<[ ?CAGO 4A_>;> o< 0<C&:A?SD;> D M;DA@<X 2Y AFUD=A[ E=<FQ A[<CCD AE WYSAVR NDCVSDGD ] N;DFSAS< [C< ^SD L?;>NB<CA< NAFQ[> L ;<PQ ] ?>? L<FSdPCDFSd ("e %e%ne")X M;>?SO<SFV DCDR LN;DP<[R L<FQ[> DFSD;D\CDR ND ,;AFSDS<B` ] C< W<E LBAVCAVR ?DC<PCDR NDFSD;DCC_<CCDb AO=>AE[D[X -DG=> WYSA< WYBD N;DLDEGB>_<CD L<PCY[ A A=<V WYSAV ] =D SS;DCOS>V BA_Q NDL<;UCDFSCDR L N<;LD[ N;AWBA\<CAA ] D?>E>B>FQ S>?A[ DW;>ED[R L ^SDS ?OBQ[AC>@ADCCYb [D[<CSR C>FABQFSL<CCD AE L;<[<CCDGD N;D@<FF> AEdVS>R ^SD N;AL<BD ? FS;>CCY[ NDFB<=FSLAV[X 3[<<SFVR GDLD;AS 4A_>; =< 0<C&:A?SD;R WYSA<R ?DSD;D<R WO=OPA L<PCY[R VLBV<SFV S>?DLY[ F>[D ND F<W<{ WYSA<R ?DSD;D<R WO=OPA L<PCY[R C< VLBV<SFV S>?DLY[ F>[D ND F<W<{ AR C>?DC<@R WYSA<R ?DSD;D<R C< WO=OPA L<PCY[R C< DWVE>CD ^SA[ U;ON?A[R NDPSA AFP<E>ÌA[ WYSA<[ F<W< F>[D[OX , LDS WYSAVR ?DSD;D<R C< WO=OPA L<PCY[R
WYBD WY S>?DLY[ F>[D ND F<W< ] S>?DGD WYSAV C<SX 3E P<SY;@AbR L ?DSD;YU FDP<S>`SFV =;OG F =;OGD[ NOS<[ OSL<;\=<CAV ABA DS;A@>CAV FLDbFSL> F>[DWYSAV A L<PCDFSAR BA_Q D=C>R P<SL<;S>VR 4A_>;D[ =< 0<C& :A?SD;D[ ;<_AS<BQCD DSL<;G><SFVX /D C< DW DEC>P>Ì<[ BA L ^SD[ FBOP>< A=<S ;<PQc ] :<=Q CA?>?D< DEC>P>Ì<< L N;AC@AN< C< LDECA?><S ?>? L<PCD<X 3[<CCD ^SD 0DFF`; A POLFSLDL>BR C<FD[C<CCDR NDS;<WCDFSQ LY;>EASQR DU>;>?S<;AEDL>L DEC>P>Ì<< ?>? N;DAELDBQCD< ] ?O=> BOP_< WYBD WY L?B`PASQ <GD L ?>S<GD;A` FBOP>bCDGDX HEC>P>Ì<<R WO=OPA C<FDL[<FSA[D F L<PCDFSQ`R NDBOP><S N;A ^SD[R ?>? CA FS;>CCDR FLD< WYSA< DS F<WV F>[DGDX 4>EL< C< VFCD S<N<;QR PSD DEC>P>Ì<< N;AP>FSCDR GDLD;V ND&NB>SDCDLF?AR SD[O CAPSDR ?DSD;Yb A[<`S L LA=O ?;<>@ADCAFSYR ?DG=> GDLD;VSR PSD C<PSD AEC>P>BQCD< N;DAED_BD ex n#!#"hc /< VLB<CD BA L>[ SD \< F>[D< ] <FBA ?>?D<&SD VLB<CA< *2 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV FNDFDWCD <IJ L>_O B<CDFSQ DS B<S>;GAP<F?DGD FC> N;DWO=ASQ ] A -CAGD` pYSAVn HC> L<=Q ?>? ;>E A ;>FF?>EYL><S C>[ D SLD;<CAA ] AE P<GDc 3E CAP<GDR ?DC<PCD ] CAP<GD ACDGDR ?>? DEC>P>Ì<GDX 1=L> LDECA?COLR SLD;<CA< C<[<=B<CCD >;SA?OBA;O<SFV A[<CDL>CA<[ SDGDR PSD <FSQX /< L ^SD[ BA FOSQ SLD;<CAVc : DSBAPA< DS ,;AFSDS<BVR ?DSD;Yb C< DWACOVFQ E>VLBV<S C>[R PSD <FBA PSD&SD WYBD ?DG=>&SDR DCD WYBD LF<G=>R ?;<>@ADCAE[ GDLD;AS D SLD;<CAA AE CAP<GD ] > EC>PASR AE DEC>P>Ì<GDX /< ^SD BA F>[D< DWC>;O\AL><[ [Y L SD[R PSDR DW<;COL_AFQ ?>;SACDb [A;>R N;<=FS>BD C>[ ?>? ?DN<;CA?>CF?Ab N<;<LD;DSc 2 j O\< =>LCD F FD[C<CA<[ DSCD_OFQ ? SD[OR PSD FPE>SQ ND NDLD=O ^SDGD N<;<LD;DS> u;<b=X 3FS<;AP<F?Ab =AF?O;F =>B <[O EC>SQ D FOI<FSLDL>CAA SDb FDL<;_<CCD ACDb FOWFS>C@AAR ?DSD;>V SDBQ?D C> FOI<FSLDL>CAA DEC>P>Ì<GD A =<;\ASFVX :DFN;ACVL SDR ?>? F?>EYL><SFV ^SD DEC>P>Ì<< C> AFS<;AP<F?D[ =AF?O;F<R DC FO[ D=CO P<SL<;SQR DW;>SAL <GD S<[ F>[Y[ L =AF?O;F >C>BASAP<F?AbX iDLD;DS C>ND[AC><SR ;>EO[<<SFVR N<;<LD;DSR ABA ;<LDB`@A`R CD C< L F[YFB< CAFN;DL<;\<CAV P<GD WY SD CA WYBDX 0?D;<<R C>DWD;DSK SDR PSD L;>I><SFV ] > L;>I<CA< A <FSQ ;<LDB`@AV ] C>LD=AS C> [YFBQ ] F>[A[ ELOP>CA<[ ^SDGD FBDL> ] D LDEL;>I<CAAX HS D?DCP>S<BQCDGD LDEL;>I<CAV [YR F>[D FDWDbR <IJ =>B<?AR S>? ?>? A =BV NDLD;DS> C> P<SL<;SQ S;<WO`SFV C<_OSDPCY< OFABAVX /<BA_C<R D=C>?DR WO=<S E>[<SASQR PSD <FBA G=<&SD N<;<LD;DS A N;DAED_ CY [Y ^SA[ DSC`=Q C< -DN<;CA?OX 6ANDS<E> D SD[R PSD LF< L;>I><SFV LD?;OG FDBC@>R WYB> LYF?>E>C> E>=DBGD =D C<GDX /D ?DGD ^SD LDBCO<Sc aSD WYBD L>\CD =BV
[>S<[>SA?DLR S>? ^SD DS?O=> ?;OGDLD< =LA\<CA< W<;<S C>P>BDX }D;DLD= EL<E=R ;>FNDBD\<CCYU C> NDFB<=CG><SR FDGB>FCD ,;AFSDS<B`R FO& *3 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV I<FSLDL>CA< C<ND=LA\CDb FZ<;YR ?DSD;Db LF< DFS>BQCY< A N;ALD=VSFV LD L;>I<CA<X 1FBA EL<E=Y L;>I>`SFVR SD N;APACO SD[O C>=D AF?>SQ LD L;>I<CAA E<[BA LD?;OG FLD_BAFQ B`=AR ?DSD;YU C>WB`=<CA< E> ^SA[ UD;DLD=D[ EL<E=R E> ^SA[ L<PCY[ L;>I<CA<[ C<W<FCDb FZ<;YR C>L<BD C> [YFBQ D FOI<FSLDL>CAA =;OGAU FZ<;R NDELDBAL A[ FDE=>SQ NSDB<[<<LO FAFS<[OR G=< NB>C<SY E>CA[>`S ND DSCD_<CA` ? E<[B< =LOF[YFB<CCD< NDBD\<CA<R UD=V LD?;OG C<< SO=>&F`=>R FBDLCD ?DB<F> L EOW& P>SDb N<;<=>P<X 4>EL< C< ND=LAGD[ WYBD ^SO FBD\C<b_O` FAFS<[O N;D=O[>SQc -DN<;CA? N;DFSD&C>N;DFSD DW;>SAB LCA[>CA<R PSD =LA\<CA< N;D[<\OSDPCYU FZ<; [D\CD DNAF>SQ C<F?DBQ?D ND&ACD[OX />UD=AB>FQ BA E<[BV L @<CS;< ABA C<S ACS<;<FDL>BD <GD C< L N<;LO` DP<;<=QX -DN<;CA?>CF?Ab N<;<LD;DS ] ^SD CA?>?Db C< N<;<LD;DS LDDWI<X 1FBA [YR LF<GD BA_Q ;>FFO\=>V ND >C>BDGAAR ;>FF[>S;AL><[ @<CS; FZ<;Y ?>? GDFND=FSLOÌO` NDEA@A`R SD PSD WYR E<[B` ABA FDBC@<R [Y L ^SO SDP?O CA ND[<FSABAR C> SD[R PSD FDU;>CV<S DEC>P>Ì<< @<CS; F>[D ND F<W<R ^SD CA[>BD C< DS;>EASFVX HS?;YSA<R PSD E<[BV C< ;>FNDBD\<C> L @<CS;<R P<BDL<?> ] > C>EYL><[ [Y S>? SDGDR ?SD C>=<BV<S EC>P<CA<[ ] DSC`=Q C< F[OSABDK DC N;<?;>FCD LY_LAL C> << [<FSD FDBC@<X 0<bP>F O\< DP<LA=CD FS>BDR PSD A FDBC@<R L FLD` DP<;<=QR C< C>UD=ASFV L @<CS;<R PSD DCD N<;<[<SFV L N;DFS;>CFSL<R D ?DSD;D[ LF< S;O=C<< FDFS>LASQ F<W< VFCD< N;<=FS>LB<CA<X 1FBA PSD&SD A DFS><SFV L @<CS;<R S>? ^SD N;ALYP?> FPAS>SQR PSD DEC>P>Ì<< FDU;>CV<SR L ?DC<PCD[ ASDG<R FLDb F[YFB C<AE[<CCY[X 0[YFB ^SDS DWOFBDLB<C FLDbFSL<CCY[ ?>\=D[O AE C>F POLFSLOR PSD [Y VLBV<[FV P>FSQ` D?;O\>Ì<GD C>F [A;> ] C>_\<[R A LF<GDR PSD F ^SA[ S>? ABA AC>P< FLVE>CDX ->\=Yb AE L>FR L?B`P>V F>[YU PSD CA C> <FSQ B<L>?DLR N;ALVE>C ?D LF<[O ^SD[O WDBQ_<R P<[ DC =O[><SR A [<;O ^SDb N;ALVE>CCDFSA C< UO=D WY DFDEC>SQX k ?>\=DGD AE L>F <FSQ C>WD; N;<=;>FFO=?DLR ?DSD;Y< L>F OFS;>AL>`S A NDELDBV`S WOCSDL>SQ ;DLCD L SDb [<;<R L ?DSD;Db ^SD L>F CA L P<[ C< FS<FCV<SR C< C>;O_>V CA L ?D<[ FBOP>< L>_O ?>;SACO [A;>R ND&N;<\C<[O N;<=FS>LBVÌ<GDFV *w +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV
W<EON;<PCDb FZ<;DbX -O=> WY LY @<CS; CA N<;<C<FBAR DEC>P>Ì<< <GD C>b=<SX 3 =>B<?D <IJ =D SDGD CDLDGD ND;V=?> L<I >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FR ?DSD;Yb L DWY=<CCD< FDEC>CA< <IJ C< LD_?A[ S;O=D[ O=><SFV FLD` =<@<CS;>BAE>@A` FDU;>CASQR F[D\<S UDSQ ?>?A<&SD AE FOI<FSLOÌAU N;<=FS>LB<CAb N<;<L<;COSQX /D <FBA O\ LY NDELDBAS< [C< A =>BQ_< GDLD;ASQ D -DN<;CA?<R V F?>\O L>[R L P<[ FDFSDAS <GD =<bFSLAS<BQCD< =DFSA\<CA<X HCD FDFSDAS LDLF< C< L AE[<C<CAA @<CS;>X :;>I<CA< ] LDS Z>?SR ?DSD;Yb FDU;>CV<S =BV C>FR NOFSQ A L F\>SYU G;>CA@>UR FLD` L<FD[DFSQX HN;>L=YL><SFV DC> S<[R PSD E<[BV L;>I><SFV A C>[ ?>\<SFV ND^SD[OR WO=SD C<WDFLD= L;>I><SFV LD?;OG C>FX HC&S>?A N;D=DB\><S L;>I>SQFV ] A[<CCD ND^SD[OR C>N;A[<;R LY ND&N;<\C<[O DSFPASYL><S< L>_ LDE;>FS L GD=>UX />FSDVIAb N<;<LD;DSR <FBA DC L DN;<=<B<CCYb [D[<CS LDDWI< A[I<CA<R DC FDFSDVB L E>[<C< L;>I<CAV ] N>=<CA<[X 4<_>ÌAb _>GR ?>? ?SD&SD O\< E>[<SABR WYB F=C C< -DN<;CA?D[R >R F?D;<<R -<NB<;D[R O ?DSD;DGD L;>I<CA< N;DAFUD=AS C<[CDGD C< S>? ] C< ND D?;O\CDFSAR > ND ^BBANFOX : ;<EOBQS>S< F>[> ZOC?@AV @<CS;> FS>LASFV ND= LDN;DFX k -<NB<;> N>=<CA< N;DAFUD=AS ND C>N;>LB<CA` ? SDP?< ^BBANF>R A[<CO<[Db ZD?OFD[ ] L =;OGDb \<R FA[[<S;APCDb ZD?OFO SDP?<R CAP<GD C<SX TSD LCDFAS L N;<=FS>LB<CA< D @<CS;< DN;<=<B<CCYb ?D;;<?SALX /D P<[O DWVE>& CD ^SD N;<=FS>LB<CA< D N>=<CAA FLDNAFAR ? NVSA WO?DL?>[R ?DSD;Y< [D\CD E>NAF>SQ C> B>=DCAR => <IJ D=CDb @AZ;< L N;A=>POR A FLD=ASFV SDR PSD C<DN;>L=>CCD N;ANAFYL>`S -DN<;CA?OX 3[<CCD WB>GD=>;V <[FV [Y AE NB<C> LDDW;>\><[DbR UDSV A O?D;<C<CCDb L ;<>BQCD[R ZOC?@AA L;>I<CAVX H;AGAC>BQCDFSQ >;SA?OBV@AA CDLDGD =AF?O;F>R LDECA?>Ì<GD ?>? =AF?O;F >C>BASA?>R FDFSDAS L SD[R PSD AFUD=AS DC AE ZOC?@AA DEC>P>Ì<GDR AWD DNYSCDGD N<;<\AL>CAV F>& ** +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV [AU Z>?SDL =>B<?D C< =DFS>SDPCDR PSDWY N;AEC>SQ N;ALCDFA[Y< A[ ^ZZ<?SY DEC>P><[DGD P<[&SD =<bFSLAS<BQCY[X /> ^SAU ^ZZ<?S>U DEC>P><[DGD A LDEL<=<C> S> ?DCFS;O?@AVR D ?DSD;Db O [<CV _B> ;<PQX : S<P<CA< =DBGDGD L;<[<CA B`=V[ ?>E>BDFQ <FS<FSL<CCY[R PSD LDECA? C<?Ab [A;R ?D;;<BVSD[ ?DSD;DGDR ND SO <GD FSD;DCOR VLBV<SFV F>[D WYSA< ] WYSA<R NDCVSD< ?>? L<PCD<X TSDS [A;R NDCVSYb ?>? @<BD< ] F SDb DG;>CAP<CCDFSQ`R ?DSD;O` ^SD FBDLDR ?>? WY <GD ;>F_A;AS<BQCD CA SDB?DL>SQR DWVE>S<BQCD N;<=NDB>G><S ] DFS><SFV C< P<[ ACY[R ?>? ?DC@<N@A<bK LA=D[R
LEGBV=D[R LDDW;>\><[Y[ FCA[?D[X :DECA?><SR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R FS;>CC>V FASO>@AVK F F>[DGD C>P>B> N;<=NDB>G><SFVR PSD C<?SD (que"qurun)R VLBVÌAbFV P>FSQ` ^SDGD [A;>R FNDFDW<C ^SDS [A; DFDEC>SQX TSDS /<?SD ((n) C>UD=ASFVR FB<=DL>S<BQCDR L FDFSDVCAAR ?DSD;D< [D\CD C>EL>SQ FOI<FSLDL>CA<[ ("rex#s ence) ] ?>?R L F>[D[ =<B<R [DG WY DC WYSQ DND;Db DFDEC>CAVR F>[ C< WO=OPA FOI<FSLOÌA[c 3[<CCD E=<FQ =><S D F<W< EC>SQ C<DN;<=<B<CCDFSQR SONA?R L ?DSD;Yb C<AEW<\CD E>UD=AS ?DF[DBDGAVR NDFS;D<CC>V C> N;AEC>CAA [A;>X 3 C< ND=F?>EYL><S BA C>[R C>N;DSALR >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FR PSD LFV?O` [YFBQ DW OFSDbPALD[R N;<WYL>Ì<[ [A;< C<DWUD=A[D DFS>LASQc jEY? ] VEY?R FZD;[A;DL>CCYb ZABDFDZF?Db S;>=A@A?R PSD ?>\=O` [ACOSO VR F>[A LA=AS<R C<LDBQCD FDF?>BQEYL>` L SDS \< [A;R L SO \< N;<FBDLOSO`R N;DNAS>CCO` WYSAbCDb ZOC?@AC@A`X 3 0B<=OV CASA >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F>R [Y FS;<[A[FV CA WDB<< A CA [<C<< ?>? ND&CDLD[O ;>EWASQR N;<BD[ASQ SDR PSD ND;D\=><S LF< N;DL>BY A ;>E;YLY ?>? S>?DLY<R N;A=>SQ <[O FDWFSL<CCO`R C< LF<G=> FB<=OÌO` FABDLY[ BACAV[ ?;ALAECOX />[ ND[DG><S L b>EY?< SDR PSD ;>EWAL><S <GDX M>? PSD ND=BACCY[ GD;AEDCSD[ >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F> VLBV<SFVR NDUD\<R FNDFDWR ?DSD;Y[ WO?LY AFNDBQEO`SFV L [>S<[>SA?<X pO?L> DWC>;O\AL><S L =AF?O;F< SDR PSD [Y C< FBOP>bCDR C< W<E L<F?AU C> SD DFCDL>CAbR A[<CO<[ G;>[[>SA?DbX 6;>[[>SA?> ] ^SD SDR PSD C< DWC>;O\AL><S F<WV L VEY?< AC>P<R ?>? C> NAFQ[<X *y +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV TSDS NDSOFSD;DCCAb VEY?OR LDECA?>ÌAb BA_Q C> DFCDL< NAFQ[> ^ZZ<?S VLBV<SFVR W<EOFBDLCDR A=<>BD[ =BV [>S<[>SA?AX HS?>E>SQFV DS DND;Y C> NAFQ[DR EC>PAS E>L<=D[D E>N;<SASQ F<W< NDBQEDL>SQFV LF<[R PSD L ^ZZ<?S>U VEY?> [D\<S D?>E>SQFV >;SA?OBA;DL>CDX ,;SA?OBV@AV ^S> LDECA?><S L SD[R PSD L B`WD[ FBOP><R PSD WY [Y CA =BAR AE AFNDBQEDL>CAV VEY?> LYS<?><S ] L SD[R PSD B<\ASR N;<=NDBD\AS<BQCDR ND ^SO A ND SO <GD FSD;DCOX aSD ?>F><SFV B<\>I<GD ND ^SO FSD;DCOR SD N;<=FS>LB<CA< D C<[ N;D=O@A;O<SFVR ?>? [Y EC><[R PAFSD ACFSAC?SALCDX H=C>?D DWDbSAFQ W<E ^SDGD N;<=FS>LB<CAV C<LDE[D\CDR NDF?DBQ?O ND;D\=><[D< VEY?D[ DEC>P>Ì<< LF<G=> FLVEYL><S <GD F ;<Z<;<CSD[X /< FB<=O<S BA AE ^SDGDR PSD VEY? C>LVEYL>& <S C>[ WYSA<R DWVEYL>V C>F D=CDL;<[<CCD N;AEC>SQR PSD DS C<GDR WYSAV ^SDGDR C>[ CA?DG=> CAP<GD C< =>CD C< WYL><Sc a<[O C>[ F L>[A N;<=FSDAS C>OPASQFVR S>? ^SD E>[<C< ^SDGD GDSDLDGD OB<SOPASQFV WYSAVR e %eR C> $a%&e %eR WYSA<&ND=B<R WYSA< C> FSD;DC<X j A[<` L LA=O A[<CCD $a%&e %eR > C< N;ALYPCD< LF<[ $a%a# %eR VLB<CA<R Z<CD[<CR SDR ND SO FSD;DCO DS P<GD B<\AS S>? C>EYL><[Yb CDO[<C ] AFSDPCA? LF<LDE[D\CYU C<=DO[<CAbR L<=OIAU ? DWF?O;>CSAE[OX 3[<CCD E=<FQR G=< ;D\&
=>`SFV N>;>=D?FYR FLVE>CCY< F S<[R PSD O=><SFV FZD;[OBA;DL>SQ C> NAFQ[<R WYSA< DWC>;O\AL><SFVR LF<G=> DWC>;O\AL><SFVR ND= BAPACDb WYSAV&ND=B<X 0BDLD VLB<CA< =>LCD ND;> C>OPASQFV FN;VG>SQ ?>? FB<=O<SK SY VLBV<FAR DC VLBV<F&SFVR LY VLBV<FS<FdR A S>? =>B<<X 3[<CCD F ^SA[ D[DCA[APCY[ VLB<CA` WYSA<[&ND=B< A N;<=FSDAS C>[ FLVE>SQ SDR PSD LDE[<S FDWDb C<FOI<FSLOÌA< F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAVX :D LF<[R PSD F?DBQ?D&CAWO=Q N;AWBA\><SFV ? ^SD[OR VEY? E>VLBV<S D F<W< AF?B`PAS<BQCD FDWFSL<CCDb C<=DFS>SDPCDFSQ`X :DE[<S FDWDb F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV C< PSD ACD<R ?>? B`WDLQX o;OGDbR o;OGDb ?>? [<FSDN;<WYL>CA< AFSACY ] ^SD <=ACFSL<CCD<R UDSV A C<DSd<[B<[D<R \ABAI<R ?DSD;D< [D\<[ [Y N;<=DFS>LASQ WD\<FSL<CCD[O WYSA` ABAR C>EYL>V L<IA FLDA[A A[<C>[A ] pDGOX pDG A <FSQR FDWFSL<CCD GDLD;VR SD [<FSDR G=< [Y ] NDELDBQS< [C< ^SO AG;O FBDL ] WDGDSLD& *7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV ;A[R GDLD;VX 6DLD;ASQ A WDGDSLD;ASQ ] ^SD W<E [>BDGD D=CD A SD \<X 3 ND?> UDSQ PSD&CAWO=Q GDLD;ASFV C> FL<S<R W<E GANDS<EY D pDG< =<BD C< DWDb=<SFVX :DS NDP<[O C>FSDVIA[A >S<AFS>[A [DGOS WYSQ BA_Q WDGDFBDLY ] S<R ?SD GDLD;AS D pDG<X /A?>?DGD ACDGD FNDFDW> FS>SQ >S<AFSD[ C<SR ;>EL< PSD LDDWI< FN;VS>SQ DS FS;>U> GDBDLO ND= ?;YBDX pDVSQFV C<P<GD ] [D\CD ND=O[>SQR WO=SD pDG =<bFSLAS<BQCD D FLD<[ N;AFOSFSLAA UDSQ ;>E =>L>B EC>SQn v>SD L<;CD =;OGD<K LYF?>EYL>V PSD WY SD CA WYBDR [Y SOS \< 1GDR L ZD;[< o;OGDGDR OL<?DL<PAL><[X TSD F DP<LA=CDFSQ` E>VLBV<S D F<W< C> ?>\=D[ _>GO SDGDR ? P<[O VR C< W<E DFCDL>CAbR AFNYSYL>` N;<E;<CA< ] C> ?>\=D[ _>GO 3FSD;AAX 3FSD;AV A[<<S N;<=C>EC>P<CA<K LCO_ASQR WO=SD O C<< <FSQ ?>?Db&SD F[YFBX iD^SD[O N<;L>V C>_> E>=>P> ] ^SD OSL<;=ASQFV L SDb [YFBAR PSD N<;<= C>[A LF<GD BA_Q ;<PAR ;<PA =;OGDGDR ;>FF?>EYL>Ì<GD C>[ D FLDAU S;O=CDFSVUR N<;<\AL>CAVUR =O;>@?AU NDFSON?>UR A PSD L ;U ^SAU C>[ C<PSD C<DWUD=A[D LYPAS>SQX aSD A[<CCDc MD =<bFSLA<R ?DSD;D< C> CAUR GDLD;VIAU FOI<FSLR ^SA ;<PA D?>EYL>`SX TSD =<bFSLA< =BV C>F DP<LA=CD ] [Y LA=A[R ?>? ^SD AU LDBCO<SR ;>E=;>\><SR S;<LD\ASX 3 <FBA [Y UDSA[R PSDWY AE ^SDGD =BV CAU LY_SQ S>?R PSDWY ^SD FDFBO\ABD A[ FLD` FBO\WOR PSDWY DCA UO=D&W<=CD N;AFNDFDWABAFQR N;AS<;BAFQ =;OG ? =;OGOR PSDWY O=>BDFQ A[ L=DUCOSQ UDSQ ND=DWA< \AECA L POLFSLDR ?DSD;D< EDL<SFV C>[A B`WDLQ`X TSD CO\CDR W<E ^SDGD C< DWDbSAFQR ^SD POLFSLD C<DWUD=A[D N;D=BASQX i;D=BASQR PSDWY [DGBD WB>GD=>;V <[O ] ?>? B`=AR ?DSD;Y<R ND= ^GA=Db <;?LAR ? ^SD[O N;ACVBA [<;YR N;<?;>FCD EC>BA ] N;DAEDbSA GB>LCD<K LDFN;DAELD=FSLD SX
/< [D\<S BA D?>E>SQFVR D=C>?DR PSD <FSQ O VEY?> A ACD< N;<=C>EC>P<CA<R ?;D[< ?>? LD=ASQ B`= CDFR LCDLQ E>FS>LBVV AU S<BD ? S<BOR <IJ A <IJR (ench%eR en ch%$s a ch%$s e en ch%$s) LDNBDI>SQFVc 3E VEY?>R ?>?&CA?>?R FB<=O<S <IJ ?D<&PSD ] DC =><S C>P>BD NAFQ[OX *e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV 4 0 S? FOI<FSLO<S VEY?R NAFQ[DR ?>? [Y EC><[R F[<CABD C<[>BD ZD;[X MDR PSD NA_<SFV ] ^SDR FDWFSL<CCDR WO?L>R A F=C> DC> C< LF<G=> D=AC>?DLDX 0OI<FSLO<S FN<@A>BQC>V =AF@ANBAC>R AFSD;AV NAFQ[> ] OP<CY< =>LCD BD[>`S F<W< GDBDLOR NYS>VFQ ;>EG>=>SQ C>EC>P<CA< NA?SDG;>[[ ,@S<?DL A 2>bVR ABA F?>\<[R DWC>;O\<CCYU L 2>F&=&,EAB< ?>[O_?DLR C<=DO[<L>VR PSD ^SD E> AG;>BQCY< ?DFSA A =BV ?>?AU AG; DCA FBO\>SX 3FSD;AA FLDbFSL<CCD E>=>L>SQFV S>?A[A LDN;DF>[AX 6B>LCD<R C< C< S;DG>SQ C>P>BQCO` WO?LO FBDL> #s h%#aR FDELOPCO` SDND;O (ace)R SLD;@O AFSD;AAR WO?LO l>_mX TSD C<NBDUDb FNDFDW DW;>SASQ LCA[>CA< C> N<;LO` AE WO?LR <=ACFSL<CCO`R ?DSD;>V [<CV E>CA[><S ] WO?LO ,X 0BDLD pAWBAVR C>PAC><SFVR ?FS>SA F?>E>SQR F WO?LY p ] WO?LO , DC> N;AW<;<GB> =BV [<CVX pO?L> [D\<S C>OPASQ [CDGD[OX /< DWVE>S<BQCD N<;<WA;>SQ ?>[O_?A AE 2>F&=&,EABV ABA AF?>SQ E>;OW?A C> ?>[C<R PSDWYR N;ACD;DLBVVFQR ?>? V ^SD N;<\=< =BR ? O;DLC` NFAUD>C>BASAP<F?AU FBO_>S<B SQ A[ NDCVSA< <=ACAPCDb P<;SYX oDFS>SDPCD NDGBV=<SQ UD;D_<CQ?D C> SDR PSD C>OPABAFQ =SQ F WO?L>[A [>S<[>SA?AR ?DG=>R DSLB<?_AFQ DS ;V=> L<I BDFQ DWC>;O\ASQ AR FDE=>L S<D;A` [CD\<FSLR =D?>E>S<BQCD E>FLA=<S<BQFSLDL>SQR PSD ? 1=ACD[O C< DWVE>S<BQCD N;AWBA\>SQFV PAFSD ACSOASALCDR FBAL>VFQ F CA[ L B`WDLCD[ ^?FS>E<R PSD <FSQ ? C<[O A FDL<;_<CCD ACDb NOSQX 2Y ] D=CD (Nhus N< sh~~es quru%#)X 1\O NDCVSCDR PSD CA?DG=> <IJ =LD< L D=CD C< FBAL>BAFQR CD B`=AR C<F[DS;V C> ^SDR C< OFS>`S NDLSD;VSQK [Y&D=CDX HSF`=> W<;<S C>P>BD A=<V B`WLAX TSD N;DFS<b_Ab FNDFDW =>SQ F<?FO>BQCY[ DSCD_<CAV[R ^SD[O C<OBDLA[D[O S<;[ACOR FLD< DEC>P><[D<X oBV C>P>B> C<NBDUD WYBD WY L ^SD[ DSCD_<CAA C>W;>SQFV [O=;DFSA O u;<b=> ] L<=Q A[<CCD DC WYB E=<FQ N<;LDN;DUD=@<[X 3[<CCD AE <GD FDDW;>\<CAb AFUD=AB A V F>[R S>? ?>? A [<CV F?>E>CCD< A[ POSQ&POSQ E>S;DCOBDX o> A ?SD LDDWI< DFS>C<SFV ;>LCD=O_CY[R OEC>LR PSD B`WDLQR =>\< A[<V DSCD_<CA< ? 1=ACD[O ((n)R AFFSONASQ AE F<WV CA?D[O *9 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV
LDE[D\CDFSA C< =><SX TSDR SDBQ?D ^SDR A CAP<GDR ?;D[< ^SDGDR A GDLD;AS C>[ u;<b=R ?DG=> LLD=AS NDCVSA< C>;@AFFAP<F&?Db B`WLAX /D <FBA ^SD S>?R SD N;DWB<[>R ?>? LF< A NDPOLFSLDL>BAR FDFSDAS L SD[R ?>?A[ DW;>ED[ LDE[D\C> B`WDLQ ? =;OGD[OX TSD H=CD ((n)R D ?DSD;D[ S>? [CDGD N;AUD=ASFV FBY_>SQ ] ^SDR ND N;A;D=< FLD ? SDGD H=CDGDR ?DSD;Y[ ?>\=Yb AE C>F F<WV [CASX TSD C< EC>PASR ?DC<PCDR PSD SDBQ?D A[ C>_ GD;AEDCS A DP<;P<CX H=CAU F?DBQ?D OGD=CD ] A DCA N;A ^SD[ =;OG F =;OGD[ C< A[<`S CAP<GD DWI<GDK F[DS;AS< N<;LO` GANDS<EO i>;[<CA=>X v=<FQ&SD A L[<_AL><SFV S<D;AV [CD\<FSLR N;<=B>G>V GDLD;ASQ D 1=ACD[ L DSCD_<CAA L<I ?Db FLVEAX 0G;ONNA;O<[ L[<FS< DWd<?SY [YFBA A DWd<?SY LD LC<_C<[ [A;<R A NOFSQ ?>\& =Yb AE CAU FPAS><SFV E> <=ACA@O (un)X 0G;ONNA;O<[ >WFDB`SCD ;>ECD;D=CY< L<IA A NDELDBA[ F<W< DWDEC>PASQ ^SO G;ONNO ?>?Db&CAWO=Q WO?LDbX 3[<CCD F ^SDGD C>PAC><SFVR FDWFSL<CCDR S<D;AV [CD\<FSL ] S>R C>N;A[<;R ?DSD;>V FO& I<FSLO<S ND= A[<C<[ /A?DB>V pO;W>?A A ?DSD;O` V L N;D_BYb ;>E AEB>G>BX :Y C< DW;>SABA LCA[>CA<R PSD V F?>E>BK WO?L> DWDEC>P><S G;ONNOX 3[<CCD S>? C>NS>CD L D?DCP>S<BQCD[ S<?FS< AE=>CAVR ?DSD;D< >LSD;>[A ] LY EC><S<R ?DC<PCDR PSD pO;W>?A NF<L=DCA[ ?DBB<?SALCYb ] A WYBD D=DW;<CDX HCA N;V[D GDLD;VSK WO?LY DWDEC>P>`S G;ONNYX : ^SD[ AU D_AW?> A C<NDFB<=DL>S<BQCDFSQK DCA C< ;<_>`SFV F?>E>SQR PSD WO?LY C< N;DFSD DWDEC>P>`S G;ONNY ] DCA A <FSQ G;ONNYR DCA AU DW;>EO`SR DCA ZOC?@ADCA;O`S L ^SDb S<D;AA ?>? F>[A G;ONNYX j FDU;>CABR ?>? LA=AS<R ^SD ?>?R N;A=<;\AL>VFQ SDGD \< N;AC@AN>R ?DSD;Y[ ;O?DLD=FSLDL>BFVR ?DG=> GDLD;ABR PSD W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< LYFS;D<CD ?>? VEY?X /< OFS>` NDLSD;VSQR PSD V FN<@A>BQCD GDLD;` ?>? VEY?R PSDWY [<CV C< NDCVBAR WO=SD W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< LYFS;D<CD NDF;<=FSLD[ VEY?>X p<FFDEC>S<BQCD< FS;O?SO;A;DL>CD ?>? G;ONNYR D ?DSD;YU A=<S ;<PQ L S<D;AA [CD\<FSL A ?DSD;Y< ND=DWCY WO?L>[X iDF?DBQ?O ;>WDS> VEY?> E>?B`P><SFVR F C>_BQCYU DSCD_<CAbR y7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV <=ACFSL<CCDb P>FSA ;<>BQCDGDR ?DSD;Db C< O=><SFV DZD;[ASQFV L WYSA< WO?L>BQCDR ?>?A[&SD DW;>ED[ LDE[<FSASQ ] C> PSD [D\<[ [Y DN<;<SQFVR C< PAS>V CAP<GDR ?;D[< WO?Lc M>?O` DND;O =><S C>[ F>[> AG;> [>S<[>SAP<F?DGD NAFQ[>X 3[<CCD C> C<GD C>=B<\AS C>[ D;A<CSA;DL>SQFVR PSDWY AELB<PQ AE ^SDb N;>?SA?AR AE ^SDGD CDLDGDR LDECA?>Ì<GD A FS;<[AS<BQCD ;>FN;DFS;>CVÌ<GDFV SAN> FD@A>BQCDb FLVEAR A[<CO<[Db >C>BASAP<F?A[ =AF?O;FD[R LF<R PSD N;DVFCV<S =BV C>F ZOC?@A` VEY?>X jEY?>R ?DSD;D[O C<DWUD=A[D =DL<;ASQFVR PSDWY =AF?O;F ^SDS N;AC<F NOFSQ F?;D[CY<R CD
=DFS>SDPCD N;A<[B<[Y< ;<EOBQS>SY ] PSDWY =AF?O;F ^SDSR ACY[A FBDL>[AR [DG FBO\ASQ LF<[ N;DPA[ DND;Db A =DNDBCVSQ AUX 0 C<?DSD;YU ND; FS>BD VFCDR PSD L LY;>\<CAA OCAL<;FAS<SF?Ab =AF?O;F FBDLD OCAL<;FAS<SF?AbR C>=D NAF>SQ AC>P<K OCAL<;FASF<?F?Ab (un#&e%s& C e%e)R S>? ?>? E>=>PCDLASFV ;>FN;DFS;>C<CA< NDBDLDGD LDFNAS>CAVX 2Y <IJ OLA=A[R ? P<[O ^SD N;AL<=<SX 6B>LCD< C< [<_>SQX i;<=FS>LB<CA< WO=SD OCAL<;FAS<SR ^SDS DNBDS EC>CAVR [D\<S NDFBO\ASQ ;>FN;DFS;>C<CA` P<GD WY SD CA WYBDR PSD N;AL<BD WY ? OBOP_<CA` LE>A[DDSCD_<CAb [<\=O NDB>[AR LYEYL><S O >C>BASA?> BA_Q OBYW?OX /DR L ?DC@< ?DC@DL ] ?>? EC>SQc 3E LFCG<BQF?>VR ?>? [Y O\< GDLD;ABAR F>[>V A=ADSF?>VR A UL>FS>SQFV <` C<P<GDX jFCD D=C>?DR PSD F>[> [YFBQ E>NAF>SQ PSD&CAWO=Q A[<Ì<< DSCD_<CA< ? NDBDLD[O LDFNAS>CA` C> ?B>FFCDb =DF?< C< ?>\<SFV F SDP?A E;<CAV >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F> [CDGDDWÌ<bK LFS;<SASQ FLD< FP>FSQ< ^SD CA?D[O C< ND[D\<SX 1FBA PSD&SD L [CD` />NAF>CCD[ =<bFSLAS<BQCD GDLD;AS D SD[R PSD C>N;>LB<CA<R L ?DSD;D[ V L>F D;A<CSA;O`R LYW;>CD C< LP<;>R S>? ^SD SDS Z>?SR PSD C>?>COC< LDbCYR ?DG=> CAP<GDR ?>E>BDFQ WYR C< N;D;DPABD C>[ FL<SBDGD E>& LS;>R V C>NAF>B S<?FSR DE>GB>LB<CCYb .DGAP<F?D< L;<[V A OSL<;\=<CA< N;<=LDFUAI><[Db =DFSDL<;CDFSAX MDSR ?SD NA_<SR > C< N;DFSD A[<<S O_AR [D\<S B<G?D N;DP<FSQ S>[R PSD NDFN<_><S L ZOC?@AA FN<_?A C< PSD ACD<R ?>? LF< SD \< FS;DPCD< >X j DW;>SAB L ^SDb ;>WDS< LCA[>CA< C> SDS Z>?SR PSD C<PSD L;D=< ACS<;FOWd<?SALCDFSA [D\<S N;AL<FSA ? y1 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV FN>FAS<BQCD[O AFUD=OX /D N;AFS>BQCDGD LCA[>CAV E>FBO\AL><S N;<\=< LF<GD LDS PSDK DND;Db ?>\=D[O AE FOWd<?SDL FBO\AS C< SDR PSD DC VLBV<SFV D=CA[ F;<=A C<F?DBQ?AUR > SDR PSD DC VLBV<SFV ND DSCD_<CA` ? =LO[ =;OGA[ S<[ F>[Y[R C> ?DGD [YFBQ AU =<S FS>L?OX ->\=Yb AE S;<SFV L ^SO S;DAPCO` FS;O?SO;O C< AC>P<R ?>? L ?>P<FSL< DWd<?S> > ] DWd<?S>R ?DSD;Y[ D?>EYL><SFV DC ND= LEGBV=>[A =LOU =;OGAUX 3CY[A FBDL>[AR UDSV AU S;D<R L =<bFSLAS<BQCDFSA AU =LD< A DWd<?S > L N;A=>POX TSA =LD< NB`F DWd<?S > FLD=VSFVR L NOC?S< >R C< ? =LO[ =;OGA[R > ? H=CD[O NB`F >X :Y EC><S<R LN;DP<[R PSD V O\< AFNDBQEDL>B ^SA ZOC?@AAR ?DG=> NYS>BFV N;D=<[DCFS;A;DL>SQ C<FDDSL<SFSLA< L DSCD_<CAA H=CDGD ? o;OGD[OR A PSD V O\< C>_B<CQ?D[O > [>S<[>SAP<F?D< LY;>\<CA<R N;<=FS>LAL <GD ?>? A;;>@ADC>BQCD< PAFBDR A[<CO<[D< EDBDSY[ F<P<CA<[X 3[<CCD L FABO SDGDR PSD =LD< =;OGAU ND DSCD_<CA` ? [>B<CQ?D[O > ;>FF[>S;AL>`SFV ?>? H=CD NB`F VR A ZOC?@ADCA;O<S SDR PSD [D\<S E>?DCPASQFV NDFN<_CY[ AFUD=D[X TS> LDECA?>Ì>V L S;DAPCDb >;SA?OBV@AA A=<CSAZA?>@AV FSDAS C> SD[R
PSD L =LDA@< ?>? S>?DLDb PB<C>[ << DN<;<SQFV C< C> PSDX 2<\=O =LO[VR ?>?A[A WY DCA CA WYBAR LF<G=> <FSQ H=AC A o;OGDbR H=AC A [>B<CQ?D< >K N;ACVSQ o;OGDGD E> H=CDGD L B`WD[ FBOP>< C<LDE[D\CDX H=C>?D NDF?DBQ?O NAFQ[D NDELDBV<S W<FN;<NVSFSL<CCD DWd<=ACVSQ B`WY< <=ACA@Y L D=CDR N>;>=D?FYR ?DSD;Y< DWC>;O\AL>`SFV N;A ^SD[R DS?;YL>`S C>[ LDE[D\CDFSQ =DFSON> ? WYSA` A FL<=<CAV ZOC?@AA ^SDGD WYSAV ? B`WLAX : E>L<;_<CA< V UDPO ND?>E>SQR P<[ EC>? DSBAP><SFV DS DEC>P>Ì<GDX oBV DEC>P>Ì<GDR ?>? V O\< GDLD;ABR U>;>?S<;CD SDR PSD DCD N;<=FS>LBV<S FOWd<?S =BV =;OGDGD DEC>P>Ì<GDX aSD \< FDWDb N;<=FS>LBV<S EC>?c -DF[AP<F?>V S<D;AV NDEC>CAV F << S;>=A@ADCCDb ?>;SACDb [A;> AFND?DC L<?O NDBQEDL>B>FQ N;A[<;D[ =Y[>R ?DSD;DGDR ?>? AEL<FSCDR W<E DGCV C< WYL><SX iDP<[O WYR D=C>?DR C< LYF?>E>SQ [C< C> ^SDS FP<S FLD< [C<CA<c M>? LDSK =Y[ F S<[ \< OFN<UD[ [D\<S WYSQ EC>?D[ SDGDR ?SD =Y[AS ] ?O;ABQIA?>R C>N;A[<;X iDFO=AS< y2 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV F>[AK FSDAS L>[ OLA=<SQR LYF>\AL>VFQ C> C<DWAS><[Yb DFS;DLR FS;Ob?O =Y[>R ?>? LY C<[<=B<CCD E>ND=DE;AS<R PSD C> DFS;DL< <FSQ ?SD&SDR FNDFDWCYb ;>EL<FSA DGDCQX : SD[ [A;<R G=< [Y \AL<[R ^SD [D\<S WYSQ BA_Q =;OGDb P<BDL<?X vC>?R ACY[A FBDL>[A ] ^SD C< EC>? P<GD&SD LDDWI<R > EC>? C<?D<GD ^ZZ<?S>R C>BAPA< ?DSD;DGD N;<=NDB>G><SFV ZOC?@ADCA;DL>CA<[ DEC>P>Ì<GDX TZZ<?S ^SDS N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb SD F>[D<R D P<[ [Y OEC>BA DS u;<b=> A PSD FBO\AS >C>BASAP<F?D[O =AF?O;FO DSN;>LCY[ NOC?SD[ ] DC N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb FOWd<?SX 0OWd<?S ] C<E>LAFA[D DS SDGDR FDEC><S BA DCR ^ZZ<?SD[ ?>?DGD DEC>P>Ì<GD VLBV<SFV ] <FSQ SDR PSD F?DBQEAS L @<NDP?< DEC>P>ÌAU DS EL<C> ? EL<COX 0OWd<?S ] ^ZZ<?S N;D[<\OSDPCYbK DC FBO\AS NDF;<=CA?D[ [<\=O S<[R PSD U>;>?S<;AEO<S D=CD DEC>P>Ì<< A =;OGD< DEC>P>Ì<<R NDF?DBQ?O ?>\=D< AE CAU N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb ^B<[<CS @<NAX 1=ACFSL<CCD< DFCDL>CA< LL<FSA L [A; H=CD =><S C>[ DEC>P>Ì<< ?>? S>?DLD<R SD <FSQ DEC>P>Ì<<R ?DSD;D< [Y C>OPABAFQ DSBAP>SQ DS FDN;DLD\=>ÌAU <GD ^ZZ<?SDL DEC>& P><[DGDX .`WDLQ C>@<B<C> C> FOWd<?SR FOWd<?S ?>? S>?DLDbR FOWd<?SR N;<=NDB>G><[Yb >;SA?OBA;DL>CCDb Z;>EDbR P<[&SD S>?A[R PSD LYFS;>AL><SR ABA [D\<S LYFS;DASQR @<BO` \AECQ DN;<=<B<CCY[ DW;>ED[X - C>FB>\=<CA` ?>? S>?DLD[O FOWd<?S A[<<S L<FQ[> [>BD< DSCD_<CA<X v>SD EC>? <GD L FDFSDVCAA N;DLD@A;DL>SQ \CA<X : ^SD[ A E>?B`P><SFV =LA\OI>V FAB> B`WLAX : =>BQC<b_<[ [YR ;>ELAL ^SO [YFBQR NDN;DWO<[ C>bSA [<FSDR G=< B`WDLQ A F<?FO>BQCD< C>FB>\=<CA< FD<=ACV`SFV LD<=ACDX 1y VCL>;V 1973 GD=>
V !" # O[ LD?;OG ,;AFSDS<BVX /<=DFS>SD? C>FB>\=<CAV A O=DLB<SLD;<CA<R PSD =DFS>LBV<S P<F>CA< VEY?D[X 4>ELASA<R GANDS<E> GDFND=FSL>X 0<?FO>BQCY[ DSCD_<CAV[ C>FB>\=<CA< C< ND=DW><SX :F< NDS;<WCDFSA GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL> AF?>\<CY S<[ Z>?SD[R PSD L?B`P<CY L =;OGD< O=DLB<SLD;<CA< ] ND=P<;?CAS< ^SA S;A FBDL> ] L ?DSD;D[ A[ [D\<S C< D?>E>SQFV [<FS>X TS> N<;L>V Z;>E>R ?DSD;O` VR N;DFCOL_AFQ OS;D[R E>NAF>BR PSDWY L>[ N;D=A?SDL>SQR GDLD;AS D N;DSALDNDFS>LB<CAA =;OGDGD O=DLB<SLD;<CAV A NDS;<WCDFS`R C>F?DBQ?D B<G?D WO=<S L>[ F[YFB ^SDGD DWI<ONDS;<WAS<BQCDGD S<;[AC> OBDLASQR NDF?DBQ?O E>VLBV`S D F<W< NDS;<W& CDFSA BA_Q NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O L =;OGD[ O=DLB<SLD;<CAA A[ C< D?>EYL><SFV [<FS>X o;OGD< O=DLB<SLD;<CA<R C>=D A[<SQ L LA=O ] ^SD SDR PSD O=DLB<SLD;V<SFV C> O;DLC< W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGDX k=DLB<SLD;V<SFV NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O N;DGDL>;AL><SFV AR L SD \< L;<[VR C< N;DGDL>;AL><SFV ] <FBA L<;CDR ?DC<PCDR PSD W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< LYFS;D<CD ?>? VEY?X j LDEL;>I>`FQR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R ? SD[OR D P<[ F<bP>F E>_B> ;<PQR SD <FSQ ? C>FB>\=<CA`R DS ?DSD;DGD ^SD =;OGD< O=DLB<SLD;<CA<R SD <FSQ O=DLB<SLD;<CA<R DNA;>Ì<<FV C> VEY?R E>LAFASX 1 -DG=>&SDR DP<CQ =>LCDR GDLD;V DW ^SA?< NFAUD>C>BAE>R V LYW;>B L ?>P<FSL< DSN;>LCDGD NOC?S> C< PSD ACD<R ?>? /A?D[>UDLO ^SA?O ,;AFSDS<BVX aAS>SQ ^SD [D\CDX p<=>R =BV ?D<&?DGD AE N;AFOSFSLOÌAUR BA_Q L SD[R PSD ND&Z;>C@OEF?A ^SD PAS>SQ C<BQEVX
y3 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V
yw +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V i<;<LD=O ^SD VLCD C< ND==><SFVX 3E=>S<BQFSLD 6>;CQ< LYNOFSABD L FLD< L;<[V L FL<S S<?FSR ?DSD;Yb V FP N<;<LD=X 1GD F=B C<?SD :O>BQ?<CX TSD VLCD N;<=FS>LAS<BQ OCAL<;FAS<SF?Db OP<CDFSAX HC C< LACDL>SR PSD G;<P<F?Ab C> Z;>C@OEF?Ab C< N<;<LD=ASFVX M<?FS ,;AFSDS<BV C>FSDBQ?D NBDSCYbR PSD 6>;CQ< ] DWd<=ACAL_AbFV L =>CCD[ FBOP>< F uB>[[>;ADCD[ ] DG;>CAPABFV NOWBA?>@AC@OEF?DGD N<;<LD=>X 3E=>S<BA [<CV ;<_AS<BQCD
N;ALD=VS L V;DFSQX :Y F>[A OLA=AS<R PSD PAS>V N<;<LD= W<E G;<P<F?DGD S<?FS> N<;<= GB>E>[AR ;>EDW;>SQFV L C<[ C< NDBOPASFVX TSD FDL<;_<CCD C<L;>EO[AS<BQCDX :FV?D< AF?OFFSLD A LFV?D< OP<CA<R > ;>LCY[ DW;>ED[ NDFSOND? A FDEC>S<BQCYb LYWD; ] ?>?>VR F?>\AS< C> [ABDFSQR FLVEQ [<\=O ^SA[A P<SY;Q[Vc ] FS;<[VSFVR ?>? N;ACVSD FPAS>SQR ? DN;<=<B<CCD[O WB>GOX iD^SD[O O=>PCD DN;<=<BVBA WB>GD ?>? SDR ? P<[O LF< FS;<[ASFVX : @<BVUR D=C>?D ] ^SD PSD&SD L;D=< LDBDF> L FON<R DW ^SD[ N;<\=< ;<PA C< WYBD ] DWC>;O\AL><SFV C<?DSD;D< ;>EBAPA<X M<?FS C>FSDBQ?D GOFSDbR PSD W<E [CDGDPAFB<CCYU FFYBD? C> G;<P<F?Ab D;AGAC>B N;DVFCASQ <GDR ;OP>`FQR CA?D[O C< O=>FSFVX 3 W<FNDB<ECD DWdVFCVSQ ^SD S<[R PSD N<;<= C>[AR [DBR LF<GD&C>LF<GD NBDUDb ?DCFN<?SX 0D L;<[<C<[ O ?D[[<CS>SD;DL VLBV`SFV N;DWB<F?A NDCA[>CAV ] DCA C>PAC>`S DFDEC>L>SQR PSD <FBA A[ N;AUD=ASFV =SQ S>?A< OFABAVR C> ^SDR C>L<;CD<R <FSQ N;APAC>X ,;AFSDS<BQ C< DWVE>S<BQCD S>? O\ E>O[<CX j ? ^SD[O <IJ L<;COFQX aSD \< ?>F><SFV [<CV F>[DGDR SD ;>FNS>CCY< FS<CDG;>[[Y A E>NAFA SDGDR PSD V GDLD;AB DW ^SA?<R ND?>E>BAFQ B`=V[R ?DSD;Y< NYS>BAFQ SDG=> DW;>SASQ C> [<CV LCA[>CA< iFAUD>C>BASAP<F?DGD ACS<;C>@ADC>B>R ND=UD=VIA[ =BV ^SDGD F;<=FSLD[X 4<EOBQS>S L>[ AEL<FS<CX 3[ DP<CQ UDS<BDFQ WYR PSDWY S< ;>E[Y_B<CAV D N;<=NDB>G><[Db NFAUD>C>BAED[ ^SA?< FS>BA =DFSDVCA<[ NOWBA?AX HS ^SDGD WY LF< SDBQ?D LYAG;>BA ] V WY ?>[C<[ ND_ =CDR > TSA?> NFAUD>C>BAE> WB>GDNDBOPCD WY LYNBYB>X i;<?;>FCYb N;A[<; SDGDR ?>? W<FNDB<ECD FS;DASQ ;>FP<SYK V C< NDELDBAB NOWBA?DL>SQ TSA?OX j DS?>E>BFV DS ^SDb [YFBAR ;<_ALR PSD B`= `SFVR V OW<\=>SQ C< FS>COX kW<\=>SQ C< FB<=O<SX /< =<BD NFAUD>C>BAE> O&W<\=>SQ ABA ND&W<\=>SQX y* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V : @<BD[R D=C>?DR F<[AC>; NDBOPABFV FDLF<[ C<=O;CDbX H=AC P<BDL<?R C< A[<L_Ab ? ^SA[ ACS;AG>[ CA [>B<b_<GD DSCD_<CAVR FDL<;_<CCD W<F?D;YFSCDR A N;ASD[ =DW;DFDL<FSCDR <GD DS;<=>?SA;DL>BR F=L AE C<GD S<?FSR FLDb FDWFSL<CCYbX i;A ^SD[ DSCA[>SQ O [<CV >LSD;FSLD O C<GD A L [YFBVU C< WYBD ] ND\b VR A DC LYNOFSAB WY <GD ?>? <FSQX /D FDGB>FAV V C< =>BX 0<GD=CV AE LF;DLR ?DSD;Y< O\< =;OGDb P<BDL<? GDSDLAS ? NSAR ^SDR ND\>BObR <=ACFSL<CCYbR ?DSD;Yb V DUDSCD WY N<;<NAF>B F>[R DZD;[AL <GD ?>? S<?FSX />=D \<R L F>[D[ =<B<R F=SQ ^SD UDSQ F D=CA[ F<[AC>;D[c M>? NDP<[O C< DFS>CDLASQ LYWD; ?>? ;>E C> C<[c iDP<[O WY C< AFNYS>SQ FLDA FABY A C< NDF[DS;<SQR ?>? OP>FSD?R ?DSD;Yb DWB`WDL>B F<W< u;<b=R ;>E;>W>SYL>BA =D C<GDc TSD BA_CAb FNDFDW OW<=ASQFV L SD[R PSD OP>FSD? ^SDS C<[YFBA[ W<E FDDSL<SFSLOÌAU <[O D;O=Ab A PSD <=ACFSL<CCY[ D;O=A<[R FNDFDWCY[ FLA=<S<BQFSLD D C<[ =D C>F =DC<FSAR
FBO\AS NAFQ[DX :Y [D\<S< B<G?D ^SD DIOSASQ C> DNYS< ] NDN;DWObS< N;DP<FSQ ND&Z;>C@OEF?A /A?D[>UDLO ^SA?OK LY NDb[<S< L CBDR ?DC<PCDR CD ^SDGD WO=<S =DFS>SDPCDK L<=Q L [DAU B<?@AVU LY C>L;V= BA NDCA[><S< WDBQ_<X ,;AFSDS<BQ CAPOSQ C< L;>EO[AS<BQC<< SDGDR PSD L>[ ;>FF?>EYL>` V F>[X 0?D;<<R [<C<< ] L<=Q DC E>S;>GAL><S FSDBQ?D ;>ECYU N;<=[<SDLR A N;ASD[ DS C>F DP<CQ =>B<?AUX jFCDR D=C>?DR PSD =;OGD< O=DLB<SLD;<CA<R D ?DSD;D[ V L>[ SDBQ?D PSD GDLD;ABR A <FSQ SD F>[D<R PSD LDECA?><SR ND C>_A[ C>WB`=<CAV[ ] ND&L>_<[OR AE P<GDc M>? LDSR =;OEQV [DAR C<BQEV C< OLA=<SQR <FBA N;V[D LEGBVCOSQ C> L<IAR PSD LDECA?><S DCD AE OCAL<;F>BAb ] pB>GDGDR 3FSACCDGDR i;<?;>FCDGDX 0>[D C>BAPA< ^SAU S;ECDLA=CDFS<S S;DG>S<BQCY[A NDNYS?A N;AWBAEASQFV ? CA[ L S<?FS>UR VLBVÌAUFV NBD=>[A >LSD;AEDL>CCDbR L ?>LYP?>UR [YFBAR SD <FSQ [YFBAR FLVE>CCDb =BV C>F F A[<C<[ SDGD ABA ACDGD >LSD;>X 3[<CCD ^SD N;DAFUD=AS F C<?DSD;Y[A S<?FS>[AR =D_<=_A[A =D C>F DS SDGDR PSD V BA_Q F DGDLD;?Db [DGO C>EL>SQ DP<CQ =;<LCR LDLF< C< ?OBQSO;>X HS=<BQCD DS DWI<FSL> ?OBQSO;Y C< FOI<FSLO<SX -OBQSO;> ] yy +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V ] ^SD ?>? ;>E SDR PSD =<;\AS C>F L[<FS<X TSD C< W<FNDB<ECYb N>;>EAS C> S<B<R ?DSD;Yb BOP_< LF<GD NDF?D;<< LYP<F>SQX j FDL<SO` <GD C< S;DG>SQ ] DC I<?DP<S A C< =><S OFCOSQX HC N;DWO=AS L>_A POLFSL>R F?BDCCY< ND= LBAVCA<[ D?;O\>ÌAU OFBDLAbR SD <FSQ SDGDR PSD =;OGA<R S<R ?SD N;A=<S NDFB< L>FR C>EDLOS L>_=;<[>SQX , ?OBQSO;Db ^SD FS>C<S =BV CAU NDSD[OR PSD E> ^SA[ WO=<S< =BV CAU FSDVSQ LYR > F L>[A A S< FD@A>BQCY< FLVEAR PQA[ CDFAS<B<[ LY VLBV<S<FQX : ?DC<PCD[ FP<S< LF< ? FD@A>BQCY[ FLVEV[ A FLD=ASFVX TSA FLVEA A C>EYL>` V =AF?O;FD[R AWD S<N<;QR ?DG=> VFCD FS>BDR PSD OFS>C>LBAL>`SFV DCA BA_Q NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O O?D;<C<CY L FNDFDW<R ?DSD;Y[ E>NSB<L><S FDWDb ?A_>IO` [>FFO GDLD;VIAU FOI<FSL VEY?R ND =;OGD[O AU O\< C< C>EL>SQX /AP<GD O=ALAS<BQCDGDR <FBA =AF?O;FY N;D_BDGD ] C< GDLD;V O\< D P<;<=< WO=OIAU ] LCVSCY C>[ BA_Q F WDBQ_A[ S;O=D[X 3 ?>? C<B<G?D L>[ NDCVSQ =AF?O;FR ?DSD;D[O NYS>`FQ =>SQ ;D\=<CA< VR S>?\< C<N;DFSD L>[R F L>_EL< ^SD NDLD= DS?>EYL>SQ <[O L DF[YFB<CCDFSAc 0DL<;_<CCD VFCDR PSD DC DF[YFB<CX i;DFSD ?DG=> C>[ ?>\<SFVR PSD ,;AFSDS<BQ UDP<S PSD&SD F?>E>SQR C>[ C<VFCD WYL><SR PSD A[<CCD [YFBQ <GD NYS><SFV OUL>SASQX aSD OB>LBAL><S DC L FLD` F<SQR PSD DC NYS><SFV LYO=ASQR P<[ [>CANOBA;O<SR F P<[ A[<<S =<BDR F P<[ [<;V<SFV FAB>[AR ? P<[O ?BDCASR C>= P<[ ;>WDS><SR PSD N;<FB<=O<Sc : N<;LYU P<SY;U TSA?A ,;AFSDS<BVR ?DSD;Y< V L>[
N;D@ASA;DL>BR FBDL> L>[ NDCVSCY A LY N;<=NDB>G><S<R PSD DCA PSD&SD EC>P>SR CDR <FS<FSL<CCDR C< EC><S<R PSD A[<CCDX :FV?D< AF?OFFSLDR LFV?D< OP<CA<R LFV?Ab NDFSOND? ] PSD DC A[<<S L LA=Oc H=C>?D NDF?DBQ?O ,;AFSDS<BQ [CDGD< ? ^SD[O OFNLASQR NDF?DBQ?O ?CAGO ^SO L<?>[A N<;<NAFYL>BA A N<;<NSYL>BAR [Y N;<=NDB>G><[R PSD G=<&SD ^SD =DB\CD C>F E>=<L>SQX MDG=>& SD [Y A E>=><[ F<W< LDN;DFR D=AC&<=ACFSL<CCYbK PSD E> O=DLB<SLD;<CA< DCA DS S>?AU ;<PBAc ->? ^SA[A S<?FS>[A NDBQEDL>BAFQR =BV C>F C<L>\CDX 2Y EC><[R PSD DCA WYBA L DW;>I<CAAR PSD AE=>L>BAFQ SD[> ,;AFSDS<BVX TSD FWAL><S C>F F SDB?OR AWD E> LDN;DFD[ L ?>& y7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V ?D[ DSCD_<CAA ^SD AU O=DLB<SLD;VBDc ?;D<SFV =BV C>F =;OGDbK G=< AFNYSYL>BA DCA C<UL>S?O DN;<=<B<CCDGD C>FB>\=<CAVc iDP<[OR ACY[A FBDL>[AR [DGBA AU ^SA S<?FSY S>? WO=D;>\ASQc :Y F>[A NDCVBAK L N;<=[<S< FS;<[B<CAb P<GD&SD C< UL>S><SR C<=DFS><SR PSD&SD WO?FO<SR C< ?B<ASFVR > N;<=[<S ^SDS F F>[DGD C>P>B> ] FP>FSQ< A WB>GDX pB>GDR WB>\QR WB>GDGBONDFSAX 2 i;A?DFCDL<CA< ? ;<>BQCDFSA DW<FN<PAL><SFV >NN>;>S>[A C>FB>\=<CAVX :DS DP<;<=C>V ZD;[OB>R ?DSD;O` V N;<=B>G>` L>[X /O\CD SDBQ?D A[<SQ L LA=OR PSD =;OGDGD >NN>;>S>R ?;D[< VEY?>R O C>F C<SX />FB>\=<CA< N;DUD=AS O GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL> P<;<E ;<P<LDb >NN>;>SX MD \< F>[D< GDLD;AB A u;<b= ] ^SD FS>C<S LA=CDR <FBA LC<FSA L F?>E>CCD< A[ D N;AC@AN< O=DLDBQFSLAV C<WDBQ_O` NDN;>L?OX 0>[ DC C< F=B ^SDGD BA_Q NDSD[OR PSD =D C<GD DW O=DLDBQFSLAA GDLD;ABA =;OGA< A <[O ?>E>BDFQR PSD S>? <GD BOP_< NDb[OSX i;DFB<=ASQ ^SD C<S;O=CDR A FDLN>=<& CAV F ,;AFSDS<B<[ [DGOS E=<FQ N;A=SA C>[ C> ND[DIQX j F=B FB<=OÌAb _>GR F?>E>LR PSD W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< LYFS;D<CD ?>? VEY?X 4DBQ ^SDGD VEY?> N;DVFCV<SFVR ?DG=> [Y DWC>;O\AL><[ L C<[ >NN>;>S C>FB>\=<CAVX /D A C>FB>\=<CA< DWC>;O\AL><SR L FLD` DP<;<=QR FLD` C<=DFS>SDPCDFSQ & L<=Q PSDWY =<BD DWFSDVBD A[<CCD S>?R PSD&SD L C<[ VLCD =DB\CD U;D[>SQX i;A?DFCDL<CA< ? ;<>BQCDFSA DW<FN<PAL><SFV >NN>;>S>[A C>FB>\=<CAVX TSD C< EC>PASR PSD C>FB>\=<CA< N;<=_<FSLO<S ;<>BQCDFSAX v=<FQ N<;<= C>[A <IJ D=AC NOC?SR G=< u;<b= ND=>B NDLD= ? C<=D;>EO[<CA`R GDLD;V D ;>ELASAA & ;<PQ A=<S DW D=CDb AE ;>WDSR AE=>CCYU C> Z;>C@OEF?D[ ND= ;OW;A?Db iFAUD>C>BASAP<F?AU DNYSDLX Lus &Ic ] NA_<S u;<b= ] C>BA@D N;<\=<R P<[ NDVLBV<SFV Rea"&IcX 6DLD;V ^SDR DC FDF?>BQEYL><S L C><E\<CCO` ?DB<`R ?DSD;O` V C>EYL>`
;>ELASA<[R A ?DSD;>V N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb LF<GD BA_Q GANDS<EO ] GANDS<EO D GDFND=FSL<X 4<W<CD?R W<=C>V ?;D_?>R C< A[<<SR V?DWYR F Rea"&Ic CAP<GD DWI<GD A
ye +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V C< FNDFDW<C FDFS>LASQ D ;<>BQCD[ CA [>B<b_<GD N;<=FS>LB<CAVX TSD NDFB<=C<< VLBV<SFVR [DBR N;ALAB<GA?AU B`= ? [YR LE;DFBYUR D ?DSD;YUR L =;OGD[ [<FS<R ?FS>SAR u;<b= N;V[D NA_<SR PSD A[ CA?DG=> C< O=><SFV N;DFCOSQFV ] FSDAS A[ OLA=<SQ LD FC< PSD&CAWO=Q S>?D<R PSD SDGD A GBV=A DFOI<FSLASFV L ;<>BQCD[R ?>? DCA L O\>F< C<[<=B<CCD N;DFYN>`SFVR SD <FSQR L FOICDFSAR N;D=DB\>`S FN>SQX oDFS>SDPCD NDPAS>SQ C<[CDGDR =DFS>SDPCD C<[CDGD L ^SD[ NDWYSQR =DFS>SDPCD NDC>WB`=>SQ C<[CDGD AU \AECQR =DFS>SDPCD ND;>WDS>SQ F CA[A L >C>BAE<R PSDWY NDCVSQR PSD DCDR N;<FBDLOSD< ;>ELASA<R EC>PASX />EYL>V N;D@<FF N<;LAPCY[ ABA LSD;APCY[R [Y LLD=A[R NDUD\<R FBO_>S<BV L E>WBO\=<CA<X HS[<SA[R ?>? WY SD CA WYBDR PSD N;D@<FF LDLF< C< NDSD[O DWC>;O\AL><SFV N<;LY[R PSD DCR V?DWYR N<;LAPCYb ] A[VR L ?DC@< ?DC@DLR [D\CD <[O N;A=O[>SQ B`WD<X aSD =D [<CVR SD GBV=V C> ;<W<C?>R O [<CV CA?DG=> C< LDECA?><S POLFSLDR PSD =BV C<GD LC<_C<GD [A;> C< FOI<FSLO<SX HC VLCD SDBQ?D C> C<GD A F[DS;ASR A ACS<;<F <GD S<[ V;P< LY;>\<CR PSD ;<PQ` DC <IJ C< LB>=<<SX 0 [D[<CS>R ?DG=> DC C>PAC><S GDLD;ASQR A[<CCD F ^SDGD [D[<CS>R C< ;>CQ_<R V NDCA[>`R PSD C>BA@D LYS<FC<CA<X i;D@<FFR A[<CO<[Yb Lus &IcR [D\<S WYSQR A N<;LAPCYb ] NDP<[O WY A C<Sc 0 [D[<CS>R ?DG=> [Y C>PAC><[ =O[>SQR DC VLCD N<;LAPCYbR CD U;DCDBDGAP<F?A DCR ?DC<PCDR A=<S C< N<;LY[X 4>ELASA< ?>? S>?DLD< NOS>`S F ;DFSD[ GDFND=FSL>R [>^F&S;AAX v=<FQR ?>? L [OEY?<R C< DWDbSAFQ W<E FBOU>K V ] [>^FS;DR O [<CV <FSQ LB>FSQR LB>FSQ C>= FDWDb A LB>FSQ C>= LF<B<CCDbX TSD SD F>[D<R D P<[ V SDBQ?D PSD GDLD;AB ] OW<\=<CA<R N;DAELD=CD< DS OWD\<FSL>R ND&W<\=<CCDFSd ("e chn&a#ncu)X :F<B<CC>V ] ^SD @L<SD? ;ASD;A?AX HW;>E ^SDS ] DSELO? BAS<;>SO;Y ] ND=F?>\<SR LDE[D\CDR PSD A V F>[ SD\< LF<GD BA_Q @L<SD? ;ASD;A?A ] @L<SD?R LY;>IAL><[Yb L GD;_?< N;AC@AN> O=DLDBQFSLAVR ?DSD;Yb O u;<b=> A[<CO<SFV Lus $%#n#$K SDGDR PSDR FDGB>FCD DN;<=<B<CA` [D<[O FDWFSL<CCD[OR NDBOP><S O=DLB<SLD;<CA< DS P<F>CAV VEY?D[ (!"a!"a!"a)X 3[<CCD ^SD V A[<` L LA=OR ?DG=> GDLD;`R PSD W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< LYFS;D<CD ?>? VEY?X /<DWUD=A[D NDFS>LASQ SDP?A
y9 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V C>= #X :F<B<CC>V ] ?>? F[YFBDLY< >?@<CSYR ?DSD;Y< V N;A=>` C<?DSD;Y[ FBDL>[R LFJ A C< LFJR C>N;A[<;R ND&;>ECD[O N;A[<CVV AU ? =LO[ NDB>[R L>[R LDE[D\CDR O\< ND=F?>EYL>`S ] LF<B<CC>VR NDLSD;V`R ^SD [<FSDR G=<R ?DG=> GDLD;A_QR LF< O=><SFVX :Y =O[><S<R V FS>CO FS;DASQ AE F<WV kABQV[> o\<b[F>c k=><SFV PSD A[<CCDc 0 SDP?A E;<CAVR ? ?DSD;Db V OFN<`R C>=<`FQR FD L;<[<C<[R L>F N;AL<FSAR DSL<S DP<LA=<CK O=><SFV N;AL<FSA F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV ? C<O=>P<R N;AP<[ C> [O\F?Db [>C<;X v=<FQR LDDWI<&SDR L >O=ASD;AA =DB\CY ;>E=>SQFV F[<_?A ] OLYR CAP<GD ND=DWCDGDX 0[<_?A ] >G>R S>? <FSQR LYUD=ASR =L> FNDFDW> ^SD =<BDR SD <FSQ F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAVR N;DL>BASQX 3[<CCD S>?R C> F>[D[ =<B<R [OEY?> ^NAS>B>[Y A [D=OBA;O<SFVX TNAS>B>[>R =O^SR G=< FB<=O<S ;>EBAP>SQ =L> GDBDF>R P<;<=DL>CA<R B`WDLC>V N<;<NAF?> ] LF< ^SD C< F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAVX :F< ^SD L;>I><SFV LD?;OG SDGD Z>?S>R PSD F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb C<SX 1FSQ [O\F?Db FNDFDW LD?;OG ^SDGD Z>?S> ?;O\ASQR A <FSQ =;OGDbR ?DSD;Yb V ND?> DN;<=<BVSQ C< UDPOR NDSD[O PSD A[<CCD ^SA[ V L ^SD[ GD=O FDWA;>`FQ E>CVSQFV ] NDF[DS;<SQR ?>? ^SD N;DAFUD=AS C> \<CF?Ab [>C<;X , N;DAFUD=AS ^SD AE C<&LF<GDX p<=> BA_Q L SD[R PSD NDF?DBQ?O DCDR ^SD C<&LFJR C< FBA_?D[ UD;D_D ND?O=> AFFB<=DL>CDR GDLD;ASQ DW ^SD[ [C< S;O=CDX 4>FF?>\O L>[ C> ^SDS FP<SR PSDWY L>F C<[CDGD ;>ELB<PQR D=CO E>CA[>S<BQCO` AFSD;A`X H=C>\=YR DSN;>LAL_AFQ C> EA[CAb ?O;D;SR V =DB\<C WYBR =<;\> =>CCD< ;>C<< DWCA<R Fd<E=ASQ C> ND<E=< L 2AB>C ] ND<E=?>R ?DSD;>V E>CA[>B> SDG=> @<BYb =<CQX -D;DP<R V WYB L 2AB>C<R A NDF?DBQ?O V C< [DGO C< DSFS>AL>SQ E>CVSDb [CDb NDEA@AAR S>? O\ V OFS;D<C ] VR N;>L=>R F?>E>B L>[R PSD N<;<=` TSA?O NFAUD>C>BAE>R CD C> F>[D[ =<B< V << N;DFSD AELB<?>` C> FL<S ] V =>B FLD=;<FDL>CCDb [AB>C@>[R ?DSD;Y< CA?DG=> CA D P<[ ND=DWCD[ C< FBY_>BAR E>GB>LA< FDL<;_<CCD W<EO[CD< ] iFAUD>C>BAE L FLVEA F F<?FO>BQCY[A DSCD_<CAV[AX 2AB>C@Y DP<CQ FDDW;>EAS<BQCYX HCA NDCVBA [<CV C>FSDBQ?D UD;D_DR PSD S<[ \< L<P<;D[ L D=CDb AE [<FSCYU G>E<S [D\CD WYBD N;DP<FSQR
77 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V PSD =BV =D?SD;> .>?>C>R [DBR =>[R "e thnneR C< FOI<FSLO<S/ TSD N;>L=> ] P<GD LY UDSAS<K <FBA F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb C< FOI<FSLO<SR C< FOI<FSLO<SR ;>EO[<<SFVR A =>[ SD\<X H=C> AE CAU WYB> N;V[D L V;DFSA ] DC> WYB> AE
[<FSCDGD ZABA>B> oLA\<CAV E> DFLDWD\=<CA< \<CIACYX HC> WYB>R N;V[D F?>\OXXX j DSL<SAB LS;> OS;D[R V L>[ DWdVFC`R PSD ? P<[OX aSD ?>F><SFV F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAbR SD <FBA A [D\<S DSCDFAS<BQCD CAU PSD&CAWO=Q N;DVFCASQFVR SD ?>? ;>E FD FSD;DCY =>[R NDF?DBQ?O A[<CCD AFFB<=DL>CA` C<&LF<GD A N;<=FSDAS C>[ N;DBD\ASQ NOSQX TSD A <FSQ C>FSDVI>VR F?;YS>V E> 1IJR S<[> ^SDGD GD=> ] <IJ D=AC F[YFB E>GB>LAV F<& [AC>;>X 2D\<S WYSQ [C< A O=>FSFV S>?A[ DW;>ED[ F?>E>SQ D \<CF?Db F<?FO>BQCDFSA CDLD< FBDLDX 1FSQ ?D<&PSDR PSD W;DF><S C> N;<FBDLOSD< C<&LFJ V;?Ab FL<SX HW;>SAS< LCA[>CA<R ?>? WB>GD=>;V VEY?DLD[O C`>CFOR D=CD[O AE LDECA?>ÌAU L VEY?< ?DB<W>CAb EC>P<CAVR AE[<CV<S C<&LFJ FLDb F[YFBR ?DG=> V GDLD;` L>[ ] />_A ?DBB<GAR \<CIACY&>C>BASA?AR GDLD;VS C>[ D \<CF?Db F<?FO>BQCDFSAXXX C< LFJn TSD A LN;>L=O ND;>EAS<BQCDR CD L ;<_<CAA N;DWB<[Y \<CF?Db F<?FO>BQCDFSA DCA C< ND[DGBA C>[ N;D=LACOSQFV CA C> _>GX 3 SD[O =DB\C> WYSQ LCOS;<CCVV N;APAC> ] N;APAC>R FLVE>CC>V FD FS;O?SO;Db >NN>;>S> C>FB>\=<CAVX 3 :DEL;>I>`FQ ? S<[ LDE;>\<CAV[R ?DSD;Y< V SDBQ?D PSD N;ALD=AB F>[ F<W<R GDLD;VR PSD <FSQ D=AC FNDFDW FDL<;_ASQ L F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAVU N;D[>UR [O\F?DbR A <FSQ =;OGDbX 1FBAR ?>? V OSL<;\=>`R F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb =<bFSLAS<BQCD C< FOI<FSLO<SR SD N;D[>U ^SDS A <FSQ <=ACFSL<CC>V AU ZD;[>X iD^SD[OR F?>E>L LFJ O=><SFVR [Y [D\<[ F S<[ \< OFN<UD[ =DW>LASQ O=><SFV C<&LFJR NDSD[O PSD L DWDAU FBOP>VU N;DAFUD=AS N;D[>UX 2Y C< FDWA;><[FV >C>BAEA;DL>SQR ?>? [D\CD =DFSAPQ OFNX , LDS C>= S<[R NDP<[O FDL<;_><SFV N;D[>UR N;<=FSDASR C>DWD;DSR ?;<N?D ND=O[>SQX i;D[>U C>BA@DX TSD DWd<?SALCYb Z>?SX j C> ^SD[ O\< C>FS>AL>BX 3 DWd<?SALCDFSQ <GD C>FSDBQ?D ;>EAS<BQC>R PSD 71 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V ?DG=> L >C>BASAP<F?D[ =AF?O;F< E>UD=AS ;<PQ DW DWd<?S<R A[<CCD <GDR ^SDS Z>?SR C>=D L N<;LO` DP<;<=Q A[<SQ L LA=OX i;D[>U A <FSQ DWd<?SX j =>LCD O\< DWdVFCV`R PSD S>?D< UD;D_AbR A PSD S>?D< NBDUDb DWd<?SR A P<[ DCA DSBAP>`SFVX pYL><S UD;D_AbR WYL><S NBDUDb ] D&BV&BVR EC>?D[>V N<FCVX o<BDR D=C>?DR L SD[R PSD F<GD=CV V ?>? ;>E FS>;>`FQ DS LF<GDR PSD A[<<S DSCD_<CA< ? UD;D_<[OR =DW;D[O A DS SDGDR PSD DW ^SD[ GDLD;AB u;<b=R DSDbSAX HWd<?S ] ^SD SDR PSD ONOI<CDX 0OICDFSQ DWd<?S> ] ONOI<CA<R N;D[>UX HW;>SAS< LCA[>CA<R PSD V E>GDLD;AB D FOICDFSAR N;V[D ?>? ,;AFSDS<BQX 3 PSD AE ^SDGDc , SDR PSD ^SA FS>;Y< FBDL> LNDBC< [D\CD AFNDBQEDL>SQX 4>CQ_<R ?DG=> VR WYL>BDR C< SDNS>BFV C> [<FS<R ?>? CYCP<R A[<CCD D NDBQE< V F;>EO NDFB< ,;AFSDS<BV A E>=O[>BFVX aSD =<bFSLAS<BQCD ;>FPAFSABD >S[DFZ<;O NDFB< W<F?DC<PCDGD SDNS>CAV G;<?DL LD?;OG ^L=<[DCAE[>R F?>E>B V
SDG=>R S>? ^SD DS?;YSA< OSABAS>;AE[>X 2DA[ SDG=>_CA[ FBO_>S<BV[ WYBD DS ^SDGD CA \>;?DR CA UDBD=CDR NDSD[O PSD DW OSABAS>;AE[< DCA N;<\=< CA?DG=> C< FBY_>BAR S>? PSD D_AWASQFVR ND=O[>LR WO=SD ;<PQ A=<S DW DW;>I<CAA ? NDB<ECD[OR DCA C< [DGBAX j DWdVFCAB A[R PSD OSABAS>;AE[ ND p<CS>[O ^SD FDLF<[ C< SDR PSD DCA =O[>`SR A PSDWY NDCVSQ <GDR CO\CD N;DP<FSQ Teh% h| #c #hnsX , FOSQ OSABAS>;AE[> LDS L P<[ ] A[<V =<BD FD FS>;Y[A FBDL>[AR FBDL>[AR ?DSD;Y< O\< FBO\>S C>[ FLD` FBO\WOR =O[>SQ C>=D D SD[R P<[O DCA FBO\>SX 3 CA D P<[ WDBQ_<X 3R NDBQEOVFQ A[AR C< O=ALBVSQFV SD[OR PSD AE ^SDGD NDBOP><SFVX a<[O DCA FBO\>SR [Y EC><[ ] PSDWY LF<G=> WYBD C>FB>\=<& CA< C> NDS;<WOX 0 SDb DGDLD;?DbR PSD C>FB>\=<CA< C> NDS;<WO C>=D LF<G=> NDCA[>SQ ?>? C>FB>\=<CA< C<NDS;<WCD<X 6DLD;V ^SDR V OSL<;\=>` C<PSD NDBD\AS<BQCD<X MDBQ?D LDS LY;>\<CA< DCD C>_BD L DS;A@>CAAX /D NDP<[O DS;A@>CA< C< [D\<SR L FLD` DP<;<=QR WYSQ NDBD\AS<BQCY[c /<DWUD=A[D<R n#cessa#%eR V N;<=B>G>` PAS>SQ ?>? SDR PSD ne cesse $asR C< N;<?;>I><S ] PSD =SQc iAF>SQFVX TSD N;<?;>FCYb FNDFDW LY=<BASQ ND [<CQ_BQCYU ?>S<GD;AAX iD=;DWC<< V DWdVFC` ^SD L =;OGDb ;>ER CD ?D<&PSD DS?;D` O\< F<GD=CVX MDR PSD C< N;<?;>I><S C< NAF>SQFV ] ^SD LDLF< C< S> [D=>BQC>V ?>S<GD;AVR PSDR ?>?
72 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V LYR C>L<;CD<R D\A=><S<R C<DWUD=A[D[O N;DSALDFSDASR C< ?>S<GD;AV LDE[D\CDGDX i;<=FS>LQS< F<W<R PSD C<DWUD=A[D< FDN;V\<CDR C>DWD;DSR F C<LDE[D\CY[ A PSD C>_< C< N;<?;>I><S C< NAF>SQFV ^SD C<LDE[D\CD< >;SA?OBA;O<SX : ;<EOBQS>S< A LDECA?><S ?>? ;>E C<NDS;<WCD< C>FB>\=<CA< ] C>FB>\=<CA<R ?DSD;DGD C>[ C< C>=D WYX TSD A <FSQ ?D;;<BVS DSFOSFSLAV F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAbR L ^SD[ LFV FOSQ Z>BBAP<F?Db ZOC?@AAX HW;>SA[FV S<N<;Q ? G;>[[>SAP<F?Db ZD;[< F?>E>CCDGDX />FB>\=<CA<R ?DSD;DGD C< C>=D WY ] N<;<= C>[A OFBDLCD< C>?BDC<CA<X ,ND=DEAFR ?DSD;YbR WO=OPA AFNDBQEDL>CR ND=;>EO[<L><S N;DS>EAFX /< WO=Q ^SDGDR = WY _BABOP_< ] OFBDLCD< C>?BDC<CA< LD LSD;Db P>FSA N;<=BD\<CAVX i<;<= C>[A [>S<;A>BQC>V A[NBA?>@AV ] S> F>[>VR C> ?DSD;O` DW;>SABA LCA[>CA< FSDA?AR FPAS>L_A< << F>[Y[ DFCDL>S<BQCY[ ^B<[<CSD[ BDGA?AX :<;C<[FV ? C>FB>\=<CA`K ?>? DWdVFCASQR P<GD A[<CCD L FLVEA F CA[ C>[ C< C>=D WYc 0?>\<[ S>?K FOI<FSLOb ACD< C>FB>\=<CA<R ?;D[< Z>BBAP<F?DGDR C< C>=D WYR PSDWY DCD WYBD ^SA[ F>[Y[X iDBOPABDFQ E>W>LCDX i;AUD=ASFV SOND AFNDBQEDL>SQR AEC>_AL>V AU WO?L>BQCD =D CAS?AR C>WAL_A< DF?D[ACO FS>;Y< FBDL>X TSD A <FSQ OSABAS>;AE[X 3[<CCD DC NDELDBAB _>GCOSQ LN<;<=R ND;L>LR C>?DC<@R F
OCAL<;F>BAV[AR L ?DSD;YU OLVEB> ZABDFDZAV FD L;<[<C iB>SDC> A ,;AFSDS<BVR ?DSD;Y< N<;<\ABA 0;<=C<L<?DLQ< A ?DSD;Y[A <IJ .<bWCA@ WYB C>FSDBQ?D N;DPCD DNOS>CR PSD =ALO =><_QFVR ?>? O=>L>BDFQ <[O NAF>SQ S>? O[CDX 3S>?R FOI<FSLOb ACD< C>FB>\=<CA<R C< C>=D WYR PSDWY DCD WYBD S<[ F>[Y[X aSD ?;D<SFV E> ^SA[ S<[ F>[Y[c 3[<<SFV BA L LA=O SD ACD< C>FB>\=<CA<R ?DSD;D< L ^SDb Z;>E< OND[AC><SFVR ABA SDR AE ?DSD;DGD [Y AFUD=A[R C>EYL>V ACD<R ND DSCD_<CA` ? C<[OR ACY[c :F<R PSD V GDLD;`R DFS><SFV C> O;DLC< [>S<;A>BQCDb A[NBA?>@AAR NDSD[O PSD N<;L>V P>FSQ N;<=BD\<CAV & FOI<FSLOb ACD< C>FB>\=<CA< ] ZD;[OBA;O<S C<PSD BD\CD<R AWD ?;D[< Z>BBAP<F?DGD C>FB>\=<CAV ACDGD C>FB>\=<CAV C<S ] ;>EL< PSD SDR D ?DSD;D[ \<CIAC> C< N;D;DCAS CA FBDL>R LDE[D\CDR NDSD[OR PSD D C<[ C< EC><SR SD F>[D<R 73 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V PSD =<S << C<&LF<bX kSL<;\=<CA<R WO=SD <FSQ ACD< C>FB>\=<CA<R BD\CDR CD AE C<GDR S<[ C< [<C<<R C<N;<BD\CD FB<=O<S AFSACCD<K C< C>=D WYR PSDWY DCD WYBD S<[ F>[Y[X 2Y ;>FFO\=><[R ?>? LA=AS<R LNDBC< ?D;;<?SCDX -DG=> AFSACCD< LYLD=ASFV AE BD\CDGDR ^SD LNDBC< E>?DCCDX 3[NBA?>@AV ;>WDS><SX 1=ACFSL<CCD<R P<GD =<bFSLAS<BQCD C<BQEV =DNOFSASQR S>? ^SD PSDWY BD\CD< FB<=DL>BD AE AFSACCDGDX .DGA?> \<B<EC>V L<IQX 0SDA?A [DBD=@YR PSD F>[A =D_BA =D ^SDGDX 3 C< =O[>bS<R WO=SD ;<PQ O CAU _B> D LUR F C>FB>\=<CA<[ CA?>? C< FLVE>CCYUX oDFS>SDPCD WO=<S N;DFSD ;<>WABASA;DL>SQ S<;[ACYX MDR PSD <FSQ ACD< C>FB>\=<CA<R BD\CDX iDELDBA[ F<W< DNVSQ B<G?O` AG;O FBDL A F=<[ C<N;<BD\CYb LYLD=K C< C>=D WYR PSDWY DCD WYBD S<[ F>[Y[X i;<=NDBD\A[R PSD ACD< C>FB>\=<CA< <FSQ ] CD L<=Q C> F>[D[&SD =<B< <GD C<Sn /DR L SD \< L;<[VR NDF?DBQ?O <GD C<S A NDF?DBQ?O C< C>=D WY AE ^SDGD ?>? ;>E FB<=O<SR SD[O C>FB>\=<CA`R AE ?DSD;DGD [Y AFUD=A[R CD\> GABQDSACY SD\< C< AEW<\>SQX />=DR PSDWY DCD WYBDR C>=D AE&E> ] NDCA[>bS< ^SD AE&E> ?>? ND LAC< ]ACDGDR ?DSD;DGD C<SX 0?>E>CCD< NDELDBV<S F=SQ NDUD=V D=CD C<[>BDL>\CD< =BV [<S>ZAEA?A C>WB`=<CA<X pYL>`S FBOP>AR ?DG=> C< [Y A=<[ ? [<S>ZAEAP<F?Db ?D;[O_?< PSDWY ND=?;<NASQFVR CDR C>DWD;DSR [<S>ZAEA?> C>UD=ASR P<[ ND\ALASQFV O C>FX M>? LDSR GDLD;VR PSD C<WYSA< C< FOI<FSLO<SR C< C>=D E>WYL>SQR PSD LACO E> ^SD ;<PQ LDEB>G><S C> WYSA<R ?DSD;D< <FSQX TSD =<bFSLAS<BQCD <GD LAC>R S>? ?>? <FBA WY WYSA< C< FOI<FSLDL>BDR D C<WYSAA SD\< C< FSDABD WY DFDW<CCD W<FND?DASQFVR S>? PSD ON;<? L >=;<F WYSAV LNDBC< FN;>L<=BALX :DS NDP<[OR ?FS>SA ] LYR C>L<;CD<R O\< C< ND[CAS<R CD A[<CCD F ^SDGD V C>P>B A ^SD [<CV N;ALD=AS ND;D` L V;DFSQ ] ?DG=> VR E>WYL_AFQR SD <FSQ LF<
E>WYL_AR =DUD\O L W<FN<PCDFSA =D SDGDR PSD C>PAC>` NS>SQFVR [C< ND N;>LO FBOP><SFV WYSQ E> ^SD C>?>E>CCY[K DWFO\=>`S C< ?CAGOR > [<CV F>[DGDX ->? A N;DAED_BD L 2AB>C<X j =DNOF?>`R PSD GDLD;VR WO=SD =>[Y =BV .>?>C> C< FOI<FSLO`SR DCA DWFO\=>BA C< [<CV BAPCDR CD O\ CA?>? C< SDR PSD A[ GDLD;AB VX H=CA[ FBDLD[R <FBA GDLD;VIAb [>BY_ ^SD C>FB>\=<CA< AFNYSYL><S ] > N;DAFUD=AS ^SD FDLF<[ C< FBOP>bCD ] SD
7w +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V DWdVFCV<SFV ^SD FLDbFSL<CCY[ P<BDL<?O N;<\=<L;<[<CCY[ ;>ELASA<[X 3 F N;<FBDLOSY[A F<?FO>BQCY[A DSCD_<CAV[AR ?DSD;YUR L P<[ <[O C< ;>E N;<=FSDAS OW<=ASQFVR C< FOI<FSLO<SR DCDR ^SD C>FB>\=<CA<R ?>?A[&SD DW;>ED[ O\< FLVE>CDX M>? PSD VLBV<SFV DCD LSD;Y[R > C< N<;LY[X 0B<=Y ^SDGD [D\CD C>bSA O u;<b=>X iDSD[O A GDLD;AS DC D N;>&LYS<FC<CAAR (%e%t%##nxunxR PSD C>FSDVI<<R WB>GDSLD;CD<R NDLF<=C<LCD< LYS<FC<CA< C< A=<S N<;LY[ ] DCD A=<S BA_Q LSD;Y[X 1GD LYS<FCV`SR ^SD C>FB>\=<CA<R NDSD[O PSD <[O C< ND=DW><S WYSQ LYF?>E>CCY[R C< ND=DW><S NDSD[OR PSD F?>E>SQ D C<[ [D\CD D=CD ] ^SD C>FB>\=<CA< C< ND=DW>Ì<<X /<=>LCD V ^SD L C<F?DBQ?D ACYU FBDL>U O\< LYF?>E>B ] ^SD C< SD C>FB>\=<CA<R PSD A=<S C> NDS;<WOR CD C>FB>\=<CA< C<& NDS;<WCD<X :YS<FC<CA< A N;DAFUD=AS AF?B`PAS<BQCD =BV SDGDR PSDWY O=DFSDL<;ASQ LD LFEYL>CAVUR LNBDSQ =D [>B<b_<GDR SDR PSD SDBQ?D PSD [CD` F?>E>CCD< ND=;>EO[<L><S ] PSD F<?FO>BQCY[ DSCD_<CAV[ C>FB>\=<CA< NDN tece R C< ND=DW><SX iDF?DBQ?O DCDR ^SD C>FB>\=<CA<R GDLD;ASR AUR F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAbR C< FOI<FSLO<SX :DS NDP<[O DCD WB>GD;>EO[CD [DBPASR PSD =<S DSFOSFSLA< F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb <IJ WDB<< SV\<BY[X 3 LDS NDP<[OR L ?DC<PCD[ FP<S<R DCD&S>?A C< [DBPAS A N<;LD< FB<=FSLA< LYS<FC<CAV FDFSDAS L SD[R PSD GDLD;AS DCDR ^SD C>FB>\=<CA<R D P<[&SD =;OGD[X TSD A =<S [<S>ZD;O <GD GB>LCY[ D;O=A<[X :DS S>?X :Y LA=AS< S<N<;QR ?>? ^SD FLVE>CD F NDBQEDbX TSD OSABAS>;CDX pB>GD=>;V ^SD[O LY FNDFDWCY D?>EYL><S<FQ FDFBO\ASQ ?>?O`&SD FBO\WOX :<=Q C>FB>\=>SQFV AC>P<R ?>? WO=OPA AG;O_?Db PO\DGD C>FB>\=<CAVR LY C< O[<<S< ] ACD< C>FB>\=<CA< WYBD WY C<ND=DW>ÌA[R C<NDS;<WCY[X 7* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V
0=L C<F?DBQ?D _>GDLR NDELDBAL_AU [C< LYF?>E>SQ [>BD&ND[>BO C<PSD FOI<FSL<CCD<R [Y [D\<[ S<N<;Q NDF[DS;<SQR ?>? LE>A[CD N;DVFCV`S =;OG =;OG> ,;AFSDS<BQ A u;<b=X oBV ^SDGD CO\CD C>bSA L AU LYF?>EYL>CAVU SDP?A N<;<F<P<CAVR FDN;A?DFCDL<CAVX ,;AFSDS<BQ L F<=Q[Db ?CAG< O\< OND[AC>L_<bFV C>[A /A?D[>UDLDb ^SA?A E>=><SFV LDN;DFD[ DW O=DLDBQFSLAAX : FLVEA F S<[R PSD [Y F L>[A GDLD;ABA D C>FB>\=<CAAR ACS<;<FCDR PSD C>AWDB<< DP<LA=CY[ L DSCD_<CAA O=DLDBQFSLAV N;<=FS>LBV<SFV ,;AFSDS<B` C< PSD ACD<R ?>? <GD DSBAPA< DS NDS;<WCDFS[YUR D ?DSD;YU L N;D@ASA;DL>CCDb [CD` F<GD=CV Z;>E< _B> ;<PQ A ?DSD;Y< N;V[D FLVE>CY O C<GD FD LF<[ S<[R PSD DSCDFASFV ? ND;D\=<CA`X iDS;<WCDFSA FDDSC<F<CY F =LA\<CA<[X : @<CS; FLD<GD [A;> ] [A;>R DS ?DSD;DGD CYC< C< DFS>BDFQ ?>[CV C> ?>[C< ] ,;AFSDS<BQ ND[<S C<ND=LA\CYb N<;LD=LAG>S<BQR E> ?DSD;Y[ C<NDF;<=FSL<CCD FB<=O<S =LA\<CA<R ?DSD;D[O DC FBO\AS N;APACDbR > <IJ =>B<< ] LFJR PSD ;D\=><SFV A O[A;><SR FDEA=><SFV A ;>E;O_><SFVX 3[<CCD E=<FQ ;>FNDB>G>`SFV NDS;<WCDFSAX 3 O=DLB<SLD;VSFV DCA =LA\<CA<[X 0S;>CCD< =<BDR CD C< SD \< BA F>[D< C>UD=A[ [Y A O u;<b=>R F SDb ;>ECA@ ?DR L SD[R PSD O u;<b=> N;AC@AN O=DLDBQFSLAV FLVE>C F LC<_CA[ LDEWO\=<CA<[ A F S<[ =LA\<CA<[R ?DSD;D< ^SD LC<_C<< LDEWO\=<CA< N;DLD& @A;O<S ] =LA\<CA<[R FS;<[VIA[FV <GD NDG>FASQX u;<b=R ?>? CA FS;>CCDR C>EYL><S N;AC@AND[ O=DLDBQFSLA<[ A[<CCD ^SDR SDG=> ?>? ,;AFSDS<BQ ^SD WY O=DLDBQFSLA<[ CA?DG=> C< C>EL>B ] =BV C<GD ^SD L BOP_<[ FBOP>< OSDB<CA< WDBAX :YF?>E>SQ DW O=DLDBQFSLAA ?D<&PSD L>\CD< ,;AFSDS<B` O=><SFV BA_Q ;>E[Y_BVV D SD[R PSD F>[ DC EDL<S ^C<;GA ?SALCDFSQ`X : ?>P<FSL< N<;LDGD N;A[<;> DCR ?>? CA FS;>CCDR N;ALD=AS E;<CA< ] A[<CCD L C<[ N;<WYL><S =BV C<GD LYF_<< O=DLDBQFSLA<R O=DLDBQFSLA<R ?DSD;D<R C< DNOF?>VFQ C> O;DL<CQ G<C<EAF>R ND;D\=<CAVR AFUD=AS AE F<;=@> ?>? @<CS;> PAFSDGD O=DLDBQFSLAVX aSDWY FS>SQ O=DLDBQFSLA<[R CA L ?>?D[ N;<=&
7y +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V _<FSLOÌ<[ FS;>=>CAA LA=<CA< C< CO\=><SFVX 3CS<;<FCDR PSDR NDFS>LAL LDN;DF S>?A[ DW;>ED[R ,;AFSDS<BQ LY=LACOB LFB<= E> E;<CA<[ C> N<;LYb NB>C DWDCVCA<X HWDCVCA< A LA=<CA< D?>EYL>`SFV O C<GDR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R L D=CDb NBDF?DFSAX 0?DBQ N;DSALDNDBD\CY[ LSD;D[O N<;LD< CA ?>E>BDFQR O=DLDBQFSLA< DCD SD\< FNDFDWCD =DFS>LASQX - ^SA[ =LO[ N;AFD<=ACV<S ,;AFSDS<BQ A FBOUX 0?D;D WO=<S W<E P<SL<;SA =L>X aSDWY ;>FFS>LASQ C> N;Db=<CCD[ NOSA ?>?A<&SD L<UAR C>ND[C` L?;>S@< D SD[R PSD [Y F L>[A F<GD=CV F=BAX 2Y
F?>E>BAR PSD C>FB>\=<CA< C<NDF;<=FSL<CCD FDDSCDFASFV A DFS><SFV N;DPCD F@<NB<CD F ACY[ C>FB>\=<CA<[ ] C>FB>\=<CA<[R ?DSD;D< F<?FO>BQCY[ DSCD_<CAV[ C< A=<S C> NDS;<WOR ?DSD;DGDR PSDWY DCA FDFSDVBAFQR LDLF< C< C>=D WYX MDR PSD DWC>;O\AL><S O?>EOÌAb \<FS ,;AFSDS<BVR L SDPCDFSA FDLN>=><S F S<[R PSD L >C>BASAP<F?D[ DNYS< N;<=FS><SR ND ?;>bC? [O\PACOR DWd<?SD[ ] DWd<?SD[R ?DSD;Yb E>CA[><S [<FSD SDGDR PSD C< [D\<S WYSQR F SDP?A E;<CAV o;OGDGDR LDFN;ACVSDX 3[<CCD NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O DWd<?S V AG;><S ND;Db ] F [O\F?Db FSD;DCY ] ;DBQ SDGDR PSD E>CA[><S [<FSD C<=DFS>Ì<GDR DS& FOSFSLOÌ<GD N>;SC<;>R A F?B>=YL><SFV SDR PSD LDECA?><SR ?>? C>[ ^SD P>FSD N;AUD=ASFV C>WB`=>SQR C> [<FS< ;<>BQCDGDK Z>CS>E[X j NDPSA FD\>B<` D SD[R PSD =DFS>SDPCD F?>E>B ND ^SD[O NDLD=OK =DFS>SDPCD ] ^SD LF<G=> FBA_?D[ [CDGDX :<=Q GB>LCD< ] ^SD OLA=<SQR PSD F =;OGDb FSD;DCYR FD FSD;DCY \<CIACYR N;DAFUD=AS C<PSD FDL<;_<CCD ACD<X j NDNYS>`FQ L FB<=OÌAb ;>E E>ND[AC>ÌA[FV DW;>ED[R A =DFS>SDPCD NDBCDR PSDWY L NDFB<=OÌA< NDB[<FV@>R ?DG=> O C>F C< WO=<S E>CVSAbR LF< ^SD O L>F OB<GBDFQR ND?>E>SQR PSD FD FSD;DCY \<CIACY ] E>P<;?CAS< DN;<=<B<CCYb >;SA?BQ (1>) N<;<= FBDLD[ \<CIAC> ?DFDb P<;SDbR DEC>P>ÌG;>\=<CD ] FD FSD;DCY (>) +<CIACYR D=CA[ FBDLD[R LDE[<S DSFOSFSLOÌA< F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV LDLF< C< DWd<?S >X 13 Z<L;>BV 1973 GD=>X
VI # $%& ' aAS>SQ ] B`WASQR C<C>LA=<SQX 2>S<;A>BAFSYX />FB>\=<CA< WYSAVX 2O\PAC>R NDBA[D;ZCYb AEL;>I<C<@X 2AFSA?AX 2C< =>LCD UDS<BDFQ WY W<F<=DL>SQ F L>[A LD L;<[V E>CVSAbR N;DGOBAL>VFQ ND ?B>FFOX 3 V C>=<VBFVR =DB\<C FDEC>SQFVR PSD S>? C>EYL><[Y< OP<WCY< ?>CA?OBY F=`S L>F ;>EGDLD;PAL<<X iDF?DBQ?O L S>?D[ O=DLB<SLD;<CAA [C< DS?>E>CDR V LDEL;>I>`FQ ? SD[OR D ?DSD;D[ E>LER C>EL>L <GD =;OGA[ O=DLB<SLD;<CA<[R O=DLB<SLD;<CA<[R ?DSD;D< =DFS>LBV<S ;<PQX o;OGD< O=DLB<SLD;<CA< ] ^SD O=DLB<SLD;<CA<R FDN;DLD\=>Ì<< SDPCO` [<;O C>FB>\=<CAVR CO\CO` =BV SDGDR PSDWY [<\=O S<[AR ?DGD V =BV ?;>S?DFSA
77 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI
C>EDLO [O\PACDb A \<CIACDbR ^SD N;DAED_BDX k=DLB<SLD;<CA<R FDDSL<SFSLO& Ì<<R ACY[A FBDL>[AR Z>BBAP<F?D[O C>FB>\=<CA`X HW;>SAS< LCA[>CA< C> DSS<CD?R ?DSD;Yb N;ALCDFASFV FBDLD[ SDPCD (gus e)X HEC>P><S DCD ?>? ;>ER L F>[Yb ;>ER SD <FSQ N;V[D N;DSALDNDBD\CD< N;D[>UO ] O=>BDFQ L F>[Yb ;>EX /<=>;D[ ,;AFSDS<BQ GDLD;AS D FN;>L<=BALDFSA ?>? D SD[R PSD B<\AS SDPCD NDF<;<=AC<X 2D\<SR C<?DSD;Y< AE L>F E>[<SABAR PSDR AFNDBQEDL>L FBDL<P?D F>[YbR V FDL<;_AB DWUD=CDb [>C<L;R PSDWY AEW<\>SQ FBDL> N;DF=AD;AE[ ] L<=Q FBDLD F>[YbR W<E ?DSD;DGD CA D=AC VEY? C< DWUD=ASFVR ?>? ;>E N;DF=AD;AE[ A <FSQX M>? LDSR A[<CCD N;DF=AD;AE[R DC F>[YbR A NDELDBV<S C>[ FDF?DBQECOSQ L =>CCD[ FBOP><S DS ,;AFSDS<B<LF?Db FN;>L<=BALDFSA ? N;>LABQCDFSAR SDPCDFSAR ? OFN<UOR ?DSD;Yb SDPCDFSQ` G>;>CSA;O<SFVX TSD ?>? ;>E A =>BD [C< N;>LD DW;>SASQFV N<;LD&C>N<;LD ? ,;AFSDS<B`X 0DGB>FAS<FQR PSD W<E NDVFC<CAb ^SD WYBD WY C<NDCVSCDX 1FBA OBDLASQ [YFBQ ,;AFSDS<BV C< S>?&SD B<G?D AE&E> SDb =AFS>C@AAR ?DSD;>V C>F DS C<GD DS=<BV<SR SD V WYB N;>LR GDLD;V L>[R PSD PS<CA< LDLF< C< DWVEYL><S C>F NDCA[>SQX
7e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI iDC>P>BO CO\CD PAS>SQX
1 :DS NDP<[O F<GD=CVR ?>? N>;>=D?F>BQCD ^SD [CDGA[ AE L>FR [D\<S WYSQR CA ND?>\<SFVR V NDFDL<SO` L>[ N;DP<FSQ ?CAGOR D ?DSD;Db [D\CDR ND [<CQ_E>SQR PSD DC> A[<<S ?D [C< DSCD_<CA<X -CAG> LY_B> L F<;AA pO?L>BQCD AE=>S<BQFSL> 6>BABEYL><SFV DC> v>GDBDLD? NAFQ[>X j C< FS>CO C>EYL>SQ L>[ A[<C> << >LSD;DLR ?DSD;Y< LYFSON>`S L =>CCD[ FBOP><R ?>? [C< ?>\<SFVR LD LSD;YU ;DBVUX j LDLF< C< UDPO S<[ F>[Y[ O[>BASQ N;D=CCO` A[A ;>WDSO ] BAPCD V NDBOPAB DS PS<CAV ?CAGA DG;D[CD< O=DLB<SLD;<CA<X aS<CA< ^SDb ?CAGAR C>NAF>CCDbR ?>? VFCD FS>CDLASFV AE NDFB<=CAU S;A=@>SA FS;>CA@R F F>[Y[A =O;CY[A C>[<;<CAV[AR V UDSS<BV[ L ?>P<FSL< AFNYS>CAVX M<[ F>[Y[ V NDFNDFDWFSLO` << ;>FN;DFS;>C<CA` ?>? C<BQEV BOP_<X aSD =D PS<CAVR SD L DN;<=<B<CCD[ F[YFB< [D\CD F?>E>SQR PSD S>? UD;D_D ] S>? B`WDLCD ] [<CV CA?DG=> <IJ C< PAS>BAX i;>L=>R FO=V ND E>?B`P<CA` ?CAGAR W<E DWYPCDb ND=?B>=?AR D ?DSD;Db [Y AE >C>BASAP<F?Db S<D;AA EC><[R L B`WLA ^SDb =<BD C< DWD_BDFQX :N;DP<[R ^SDR C>L<;CD<R FABQCD F?>E>CDX 2D\<S WYSQR FOWd<?SY LDDWI< C< FSDASR ?>? WY SD CA WYBDR F`=> LNOSYL>SQX 6DLD;ASQ DW AU POLFSL>U DEC>P>BD WYR ND\>BObR O=<BVSQ A[ ?>? FOWd<?S>[ FBA_?D[ WDBQ_D< LCA[>CA<X
0?>\<[ BA_QR PSD N<;<= C>[A DW;>E<@ =DW;DFDL<FSCDGD N;DPS<CAVR A [C< DFS><SFV ND\>B<SQR PSD FD FSD;DCY WBAE?AU [C< V CA?DG=> CAP<[ ND=DWCY[ NDUL>FS>SQ C< [DGX ,LSD;Y FDPBA C<DWUD=A[Y[ DG;>CAPASQFV ] F P<[ AU [D\CD SDBQ?D NDE=;>LASQR NDF?DBQ?O OFBDLA< PS<CAV FDFSDAS L SD[R PSD DCD F>[D NDB>G><S F<W< G;>CA@Y ] BA_Q D=CDb FS>SQNAF>CCDGDR DE>GB>LB<CCDb 3CFS>C@AV WO?LYX 3FUD=V AE SDGDR PSD DSBAP><S [<CV DS 0DFF`;>R ?DSD;DGD VR ND AU FBDL>[R AEL;>SABR DCA N;AUD=VSR FBDLD E> FBDLDR ? SD[O SONA?OR ?DSD;Yb WYB DWDEC>P<C [CD`R ?DG=> ;<PQ _B> D ND=UD=< >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F> ? AFSAC< A << N>& 79 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI ;>=D?F>[X v=<FQR L ?DC<PCD[ FP<S< ] C<S CO\=Y LUD=ASQ L =<S>BAR PSDWY ^SD =D?>EYL>SQ ] A E>?B`P<CD SDR PSD DS >LSD;DLR N;<=N;ACVL_AU ^SDS GAG>CSF?Ab S;O=R OF?DBQECOBDX aAS>V AUR [D\CD ND=O[>SQR PSD SONA?>R L ?DSD;Yb [DA ;>FFO\=<CAV WYBA N;AEL>CY AU E>L<FSAR A[ O=>BDFQ FP>FSBALD AEW<\>SQR A PSD A[ ] ABA [C<R PSD L =>CCDb FASO>@AA SD \< F>[D< ] =DB\CD WYSQ DS ^SDGD FSY=CDX 6DLD;V ^SDR V C>=<`FQR PSD LYLD=>[ ^SA[R ?DSD;Y< AC>P<R ?>? W<F@<;<[DCCY[AR C< C>EDL<_QR O L>F F>[AU C>_BDFQ WYR PSD N;DSALDNDFS>LASQX /D C> N;DSV\<CAA ?CAGAR ND?> ;<PQ D LYLD=>U C< E>UD=ASR >LSD;>[A N;D=<BYL><SFV ;>WDS>R ?DSD;>V AF?B`PAS<BQCD [CDGD< O [<CV N;DVFCV<SR A WYBD WY SDBQ?D ? BOP_<[OR <FBA WY A F;<=A L>F DC> D?>E>B>FQ ?D[O&SD C> NDBQEOX :N;DP<[ ] NDF?DBQ?O L>F LF<G=> E=<FQ S>? [CDGDR NDP<[O WY C< GDLD;ASQ F L>[A C>PAFSDSOc ] V =>B<?D C< OL<;<CR PSD LY FNDFDWCY P<[&CAWO=Q NDGCO_>SQFVX H=CA[ FBDLD[R C< FPAS>V NDFB<=CAU S;A=@>SA&=L>=@>SA FS;>CA@R <=ACFSL<CCYUR P<FSCD GDLD;VR ?DSD;Y< V F>[ N;DPAS>B ND =A>GDC>BAR ?CAG> ^S> =DFS>LAS L>[ NDBQEOR ?DSD;Db [C<R L ?DC<PCD[ FP<S<R A DFS><SFV L>[ ND\SQX 2 M<N<;Q V [DGO L<;COSQFV ? SD[OR D P<[ FDWA;>BFV F<GD=CV NDGDLD;ASQR SD <FSQ LYL<FSA C<?DSD;Y< NDFB<=FSLAV SDGD Z>?S>R PSD O GDLD;VIAU FOI<FSL DSCD_<CAb [<\=O NDB>[A C< NDBOP><SFVR NDF?DBQ?O SDBQ?D AFUD=V AE ^SDGD A [D\CD LYVFCASQR PSD \< AUR ^SA DSCD_<CAVR E>[<SX i<;LYb _>G L ^SD[ C>N;>LB<CAA V F=B O\< =>LCDR F?>E>LR PSD H=CDGD A[<<SFV L=DFS>BQX /D ^SD H=CDGD A[<<SFV L=DFS>BQR C>=D N;AEC>SQR =>B<?D C< S>? N;DFSDX : NFAUD>C>BAE<R > SDPC<<R L ;>FFO\=<CAVU u;<b=>R D=CD N;ANAFYL><SFV T;DFOR DN;<=<BV<[D[O ?>? FBAVCA< =LOU L D=CDR T;DFOR ?DSD& ;YbR ?>? N;ACVSD =O[>SQR =LAG>VFQ DS WBA\C<GD ? WBA\C<[OR FS;<[ASFV AE W<F?DC<PCD< [CD\<FSL> FD=SQ <=ACFSLDX /D NDF?DBQ?O VFCDR PSD =>\< LY LF<R E=<FQ FDW;>L_A<FVR AR W<EOFBDLCDR VLBVÌA< FDWDb [CD\<FSLDR <=ACFSL>
C< SDBQ?D C< DW;>EO<S<R CD ] ?>? ^SD LFV?Ab =<CQ FS>CDLASFV DP<& e7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI LA=CD ] C< A[<<S< C> SDR =>\< L N;ADWI<CAA ? [D<[O FBDLOR CA [>B<b_AU _>CFDLR u;<b= NDC<LDB< LYCO\=<C WYB L<FSA =;OGDbR N;DSALDFSDVIAb ^SD[O LF<B<CF?D[O T;DFOR Z>?SD;R =>L <[O A[V M>C>SDFR DW;>I<CA< L N;>UX jFCDR PSD ^SD [<S>ZD;>R N;AW<GCOSQ ? ?DSD;Db NDELDBABD u;<b=O DS?;YSA< L E>;D=Y_<LDb NB>E[< =LOU FDFS>LBVÌAUR E>;D=Y_<LDb ?B<S?A A FN<;[>SDEDA=>R N;A FBAVCAA ?DSD;YU A LDECA?><SR G;OWD GDLD;VR CDLD< FOI<FSLDX i;A ^SD[R D=C>?DR =<BD C< DWUD=ASFV W<E [<bDE>K ? [D[<CSO FD& <=AC<CAV ND [<CQ_ AE FDFS>LBVÌAU S<;V<S DN;<=<B<CCY<R =BV ZAC>BQCDb DN<;>@AA C<[>BDL>\CY< ^B<[<CSYX H=C>?D =DLDBQFSLDL>SQFV WADBDGAP<F?Db [<S>ZD;Db E=<FQ [<C<<R P<[ G=< BAWDR NDELDBAS<BQCDX 1FBA W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< =<bFSLAS<BQCD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb SDR PSD V GDLD;`R <FBA DCD =<bFSLAS<BQCD A[<<S VEY?DLO` FS;O?SO;OR SD ;>FF[>S;AL>SQ ^SD H=CD CO\CD A[<CCD C> O;DLC< VEY?>X /> N;DSV\<CAA L<?DL H=CD DSDEL>BDFQ [CD\<FSLD[ DSGDBDF?DLX /O\CD BA E=<FQ GDLD;ASQ D C<DNB>SDCA?>Uc 2D\<SR A FSDAS C>ND[CASQ L>[ L?;>S@< ^SO >L>CS`;OR NDF?DBQ?O F<GD=CV [C< N;<=FSDAS ND?>E>SQ L>[R DS?O=> H=CD C< N;DFSD [D\<SR > =DB\CD WYSQ L C>_ =AF?O;F E>A[FSLDL>CDR A PSD CDLDGD N;ACDFAS L DWB>FSQ T;DF> NFAUD>C>BASAP<F?Ab DNYSX i;<\=< LF<GD C>=D AFUD=ASQ AE SDGDR PSDR GDLD;V H=CDGD A[<<SFV L=DFS>BQR [Y A[<<[ L LA=O D=CD&<=ACFSL<CCD< ("r(n hu seu#")X 3[<CCD L ^SD[ LFV FOSQ SDGDR PSD C>[ A ND=DW><S C>;<PQ A[<C<[R ?DSD;D< L<?>[A <[O FDNOSFSLO<S ] L ^SD[ LFV FOSQ B`WLAX MDBQ?D F ^SA[ A[<<[ [Y L >C>BAE< =<BD ] =;OGDGD NOSA O C>F N;DFSD C<SX 3 NOSQ ^SD <=ACFSL<CCYb L FLD<[ ;D=< &SDBQ?D DC A NDELDBAB [C<R SD[OR ?SD ? L>[ F<bP>F DW;>I><SFVR NDBD\ASQ L DFCDLO N<;<CDF>R NDF?DBQ?O DC C< DSBAP><SFV DS B`WLAR ZD;[OBO FOWd<?SR N;<=NDBD\AS<BQCD EC>ÌAbX j C< [DGO C< DW;>SASQ L>_< LCA[>CA< C> CDLYb DSS<CD?R ?DSD;Yb NDBOP><S E=<FQ S<;[AC EC>CA<X MDGDR E> ?<[ V N;<=NDB>G>` EC>CA<R V ?>? ;>E A B`WB`X :Y F>[A SDBQ?D PSD LA=<BAR ?>?R N;<=B>G>V L>[ N;DP<FSQ ?CAGOR DS?;DL<CCD C>N;>LB<CCO` C> SDR PSDWY ND=D;L>SQ ?D [C< OL>\<CA<R V ?D& e1 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI B<W>BFVR DSFSON>BR C< ;<_>VFQ F?BDCASQFV C> FSD;DCO B`WLAR ABAR C>DWD;DSR C> FSD;DCO S>? C>EYL><[Db C<C>LAFSAX :N;DP<[R [C<R P<BDL<?OR C<OFS>CCD LCO_>Ì<[O D_<BD[B<CCY[R PSD DCA D_<BQ[DL>CYR DSFSON>SQ L =>CCD[
FBOP>< C< ? BA@OX M>[R G=< >LSD;Y FPAS>`SR PSD E>=>PO FLD` A[ LYNDBCASQ O=>BDFQR DCA ?>? ;>E ND=L<;G>`S [D< EC>CA< FD[C<CA`X HCA NDSD[O A C<C>LA=VS [<CVR PSD C< LA=VS E> [CDb CA?>?DGD EC>CAVX , NDP<[O WY A C<Sc iDP<[O C<SR <FBA L ^SD[ A <FSQ ?>? ;>E OFBDLA< SDGDR PSD V C>EL>B PS<CA<[c a<GDR L F>[D[ =<B<R FSDVS [DA N;<=NDBD\<CAV D SD[R PSD EC>BR V?DWYR ,;AFSDS<BQc a<[ [<CQ_< EC>CAV V E> CA[ FS>CO N;<=NDB>G>SQR S<[ BOP_< V <GDR F?D;<< LF<GDR N;DPSOX TSD A <FSQ OFBDLA<R ?DSD;Y[ NDL<;V<SFV ?>P<FSLD PS<CAV ] OFBDLA<R DS ?DSD;DGD V DSFSON>SQ C< FS>COX MDR PSD FOI<FSLDL>CA< VEY?> N;<=DFS>LBV<S C>[ =BV N;DPS<CAVR S> S?>CQR ACY[A FBDL>[AR PSD AE N;DBD\<CCYU A[ WD;DE= FNB<S><SFV ] > A[<CCD S>? V DN;<=<BV` NAFQ[D ] N;DAGCD;A;DL>CD WYSQ C< [D\<SX pYBD WY LYFD?D[<;A<[ F [DSQFVR ND [<CQ_ SDR PSD WYBD LYF?>E>CD L DSCD_<CAA B`WLA OFABAV[A SDb [YFBAR ?DSD;O` V C>EL>B ] [D\<S WYSQR C<DN;>L=>CCD ] ZABDFDZF?DbX HWED; LDN;DF> V E=<FQ =SQ C< FS>COX 0O=V ND GDBDL>[R PQA _<L<B`;Y F<bP>F N<;<=D [CD` ?;>FO`SFVR [CDGA< AE N;AFOSFSLOÌAU C>L<;CV?> FBY_>BAR PSD C<[>BDL>\CD< [<FSD E>CA[>B> L GB>E>U ZABDFDZDL B`WDLQ ? pDGOX TSD C<DFND;A[Yb Z>?SR ?DSD;DGD >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F C< [D\<SR UDSV WY LF?DBQEQR C< ?DFCOSQFVX j C>ND[C` F<GD=CV D SD[ FBOU<R PSD N;DW<\>B WYBDR ?DG=> [<CVR ?>? LY;>\>`SFV >LSD;Y SDBQ?D PSD OND[VCOSDb [CD` ?CA\<P?AR AF?B`PABA AE 0LVSDb ,CCY ] C> F>[D[ =<B< [<CV LDLF< C< AF?B`PABAR V O_[R > ^SD WDBQ_>V ;>ECA@>R CD C< ^SD [C< F<bP>F L>\CDR S<[ WDB<< PSD S<;[AC lAF?B`P<Cm E>CA[><S L C>_\CD< [<FSDX .`=A F>[Y< WB>GDC>[<;<CCY< ] > DCAR C> F>[D[ =<B<R ?O=> UO\<R P<[ EBDC>[<;<CCY< ] WYBA C<[>BD O=ALB<CYR N;DFBY_>LR PSD V ND[` [<\=O [O\PACDb A \<CIACDb C<?D<GD o;OGDGDR L<FQ[> C>ND[AC>Ì<GD FDWDb SDGD =DW;DGD e2 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI pD\<CQ?OR ?DSD;DGD EC><[ [Y AFND?DC L<?DLX MD WYB LF<GD BA_Q FBOUR CD ;>FN;DFS;>CVBA DCA <GD DP<CQ DUDSCDX .`=A ^SA N;AC>=B<\>BAR C>=D F?>E>SQR PAFSD ZABDFDZF?Db S;>=A@AAR N;<S<C=OÌ EL>CA< [>S<;A>BAE[> ] V GDLD;` PAFSD ZABDFDZF?DbR NDSD[O PSD C<S CAP<GD WDB<< ZABDFDZF?DGDR P<[ [>S<;A>BAE[X 2>S<;A>BAE[ \< NDPAS><S FLDA[ =DBGD[ ] pDG EC><S NDP<[OR N;V[D F?>\O ] DFS<;<G>SQFV SDGD pDG>R ?DSD;Yb C<AE[<CCD E>CA[>B L ZABDFDZF?AU FND;>U D N;A;D=< B`WLA @<CS;>BQCD< [<FSDX M>? PSD ;<PA [DA VLCD F[OSABA S[YU B`= FSA` V WYB DWCDLB<CA<[ FLDO=ASD;AA ?>? ;>E A DWVE>CX .APCD [C< FS>CDLASFV VFCDR C>DWD;DSR PSD o;OGDbR ?DSD;Yb N;<=FS><S O [<CV L 3CFS>C@AA WO?LY ?>? [<FSD ;<PAR WYB C< P<[ ACY[R ?>? FNDFDWD[ C< DW[A;I<CAV C>_<GD =DW;DGD pD\<CQ?AR C<SR > <GD AEGC>CAVX : ?DC@< ?DC@DLR
C<[>BD C>_BDFQ B`= FSDP>BA [C< NDUL>BYR ?DG=> V E>VLAB C> D=CD[ AE NDFB<=CAU F<[AC>;DLR PSD pDG> C< FOI<FSLO<SX /<S FBDLR FBO_>SQ DCA O[<`S ] CD DCAR OLYR NDCA[>`SR PSD FBY_>SR A NDCA[>`S C<F?DBQ?D N;<\=<L;<[<CCDX jR ND\>BObR ND?>\O L>[ F<GD=CVR L ?>?D[ F[YFB< DCR C>_ =DW;Yb pD\<CQ?>R C>DWD;DSR FOI<FSLO<SX HW;>E <GD FOI<FSLDL>CAVR LDE[D\CDR C< LF<[ NDC;>LASFVR DFDW<CCD WDGDFBDL>[R ?DSD;Y<R ?>? V =>LCD O\< GDLD;`R DWUD=VSFV W<E <GD FOI<FSLDL>CAV GD;>E=D BOP_< [<CVX - C<FP>FSQ`R N;>L=>R V C>UD\OFQ L ACD[ NDBD\<CAAR C<\<BA DCAR NDSD[O PSD A[<` =<BD F o;OGA[X 3 NDF?DBQ?O o;OGDb <FSQ SDBQ?D D=ACR DC C< [D\<S C< A[<SQ DSCD_<CAV ? SD[OR PSD VLBV<SFV C>[ L ?>P<FSL< =;OGDGD NDB>X HWFO\=>V ^SO S<[O L F<[AC>;<R D ?DSD;D[ V SDBQ?D PSD GDLD;ABR L TSA?< NFAUD>C>BAE>R V C< [DG DS?>E>SQ F<W< L DW;>I<CAA ? ?O;SO>ECDb B`WLAX aSD DC> FDWDb N;<=FS>LBV<Sc , N;<=FS>LBV<S DC> FDWDb OSDCP<CCYb FNDFDW LDE[<FSASQ DSFOSFSLA< F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAbR N;ASLD;VVFQR WO=SD [Y F>[A ^SA[ DSCD_<CAV[ NDB>G><[ N;<NVSFSLA<X TSD NDAFSAC< F>[>V G;>C=ADEC>V NDNYS?>R ?DSD;>V ?DG=>&BAWD L ^SD[ C>N;>LB<CAA WYB> F=C>X /D ?>? ^SD N;ASLD;FSLD ;>EDWB>PASQc :[<FSD SDGDR PSDWY >U>SQ C>= N>;>=D?F>BQCDFSQ` NDVLB<CAV ?O;SO>ECDb B`WLA L ^NDUO Z<D=>BAE[>R [>S<;A>BAFS>[ e3 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI FB<=DL>BD WYR C>N;DSALR LDFNDBQEDL>SQFV ^SDb L<BA?DB<NCDb LDE[D\CDFSQ` A ND?>E>SQR ?>?A[ DW;>ED[ DC>R ^S> B`WDLQR AE =AF?O;F> BAPCDb L<;CDFSAR L<;CDFSA L>FF>B> F<CQD;OR A LY;>FS><SX :<=Q BAPCDFSQ ] ^SD LF<G=>R L ?DC<PCD[ ASDG<R =AF?O;F GDFND=AC>X oBV [O\PACYR L PQ<[ ND==>CFSL<R L F>& [D[ ;>WF?D[ F[YFB< ^SDGD FBDL>R \<CIAC> C>UD=AB>FQR ?O;SO>EC>V B`WDLQ WYB> <=ACFSL<CCY[ FNDFDWD[ F N;DWB<[Db DSFOSFSLAV F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb AEVICD FN;>LASQFVX 3[<CCD ND= ^SA[ OGBD[ E;<CAV A V WO=O L =>BQC<b_<[ ] NDE\<R NDSD[O PSD F<GD=CV [C< N;<=FSDAS DS?;YSQ =BV L>F CDLO` DWB>FSQ ] GDLD;ASQ D NDCVSAA N;<NVSFSLAVR D SD[R PSD O ,;AFSDS<BV ] ?>?&CA?>?R V N;<=NDPAS>` ,;AFSDS<BV +DZ;< 4`=<B` ] S>? A C>EYL><SFV N;<NVSFSLA<[R eh%ah#sX 2DA PAS>S<BA ] PQ` ?CAGOR V NDLSD;V`R LY =DB\CY N;ADW;<FSA C<[<=B<CCD ] [DA PAS>S<BAR NDLSD;V`R A S< ^SD DWC>;O\ABAX 3CFS>C@A`R D ?DSD;Db V GDLD;`R DCA AEOP>`S W<;<\CDR SI>S<BQCD ] C< ND[C`R ?BVCOFQ L>[R PSDWY UDSQ ?SD&CAWO=Q AE [DAU OP<CA?DL ND=DWCO` ;>WDSO N;D=BK CA?SDR OLYR C< N;ACA[><S SDR PSD V NA_OR LF<;Q<ER ?;D[<R ;>EO[<<SFVR S<UR ?SDR ?>? V O\< GDLD;ABR C<C>LA=AS [<CV ND= S<[ N;<=BDGD[R PSD C< N;<=NDB>G>`S E> [CDb CA?>?DGD EC>CAVX M>? LDSR ehTah#sR BDGAP<F?D< N;<NVSFSLA< ,;AFSDS<BVR
?DSD;D< V N;AW<;<G>B C> =<F<;SR DCA C>_BA F>[AX 0LVEA F S<[R D P<[ V GDLD;`R DCAR ?DC<PCDR C< LA=VSX /D DCA S>? ;>WDSVIAR DFDW<CCDR <FBA AU PSD&CAWO=Q LDD=O_<LBV<S ] \CA<R C>N;A[<;R ND?>E>SQ FDWFSL<CCO` F>[DFSDVS<BQCDFSQR ?>? L =>CCD[ FBOP>< ] PSD DCA LY_BA C> ^SD NDCVSA< F>[DFSDVS<BQCDK F[X N;A[CAV C> FS;X 2e&29X HW;>SAS<FQ ? ,;AFSDS<B` F>[AR A ?DG=> V =DW<;OFQR C>?DC<@R =D ^SDb AFSD;AA F rea%ah#sR LY WO=<S< O\< L ?O;F< =X -DG=> LY N;DPS<S< ND=;V= O?>E>CCYb [CDb DS;YLD? AE 4ASD;A?A A =L> DS;YL?> AE MDNA?AR L>[ VFCD FS>C<SR NDP<[O V NYS>`FQ L?B`PASQ L NDFS;D<CAV ,;AFSDS<BV [DA P<SY;< ZD;[OBYK 3 UX uU{ ?>? A N;DPA<X 3R C>?DC<@R PSDWY E>?;YSQ ^SO S<[OK NDP<[OR FDWFSL<CCDR [>S<;A>BAFSY S>? LDE[OI>`SFVR ?DG=> V LNOSYL>` pDG> L B`WDLCY< DSCD_<CAV L ?>P<FSL< S;<SQS<;A>BAFSY CA?DG=> N;<\=< D B`WLA C> S;DAU C< FBY_>BAc ew +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI iDN;DWO<[ NDbSA =>BQ_<X iDN;DWO<[ LCA[>S<BQC<< NDF[DS;<SQR PSD FB<=O<S AE DSFOSFSLAV FLA=<S<BQFSL D SD[R PSD V C< EC>`R PSD A[<CCD E=<FQR LYFSON>V N<;<= L>[AR [C< L>[ N;<=FSDAS F?>E>SQX aSD F F>[DGD C>P>B> FDE=><S C<=D;>EO[<CA< [<\=O [CDb A >LSD;>[A ^SDb ?CAGAR C<=D;>EO[<CA<R ?DSD;D< S>? A FDU;>CV<SFV =D ?DC@>R S>? ^SD AU OW<\=<CA< ] F S>?A[ OW<\=<CA<[ LDE[D\CD LF< ] WO=SD O [<CV <FSQ DN;<=<B<CC>V DCSDBDGAVR ABAR PSD SD \<R FAFS<[>X 2<\=O S<[ L ?;OGDLDb =A>G;>[[<R FLVEYL>ÌC@AA WO?LY F?>E>CDR LF< LYF?>EYL>CAVR E>?B`P>ÌA< A[<C> LY=>ÌAUFV ZABDFDZDLR L PQ` DCSDBDGA` [DV FAFS<[>R V?DWYR LNAF>C>R V P<FSCD ] LLA=O DSFOSFSLAV L CAU LFV?Db L<FD[DFSA ] DSC<F ? P>F& SAR C>;AFDL>CCDb NOC?SA;CY[A BACAV[AX pYSA`R ?>?A[ DCD N;<=FS><S L ZABDFDZF?Db S;>=A@AAR SD <FSQ WYSA`R OSL<;\=<CCD[O C> ?D;;<BVSALCD[ <[OR V?DWYR [Y_B<CAAR V C<=LOF[YFB<CCD N;DSALDNDFS>LBV` NDBD\<CA< D SD[R PSD [Y VLBV<[FV AG;O_?>[A C>FB>\=<CAVX 2YFBQ ] ^SD C>FB>\=<CA<X MD CDLD<R PSD N;AC<F >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F A PSD L ZABDFDZAA WYSAV WYBD O\< C>[<P<CDR FDFSDAS LDS L P<[ ] FOI<FSLO<S C>FB>\=<CA< WYSA<[X 1FBA V E>GDLD;AB F L>[A D /A?D[>UDLDb ^SA?<R SD ?>? ;>E NDSD[OR PSD L C<SFVX MDR P<GD AI<S ,;AFSDS<BQ ] N;D?B>=YL>V S<[ F>[Y[ =D;DGO LF<[R ?SD E> CA[ NDFB<=DL>B ] A <FSQ ?>? ;>E C>FB>\=<CA< WYSA<[X 0LVSD[O uD[< C<S;O=CD WO=<S LNDFB<=FSLAA LYL<FSA DSF`=> lZAEAP<F?O` S<D;A` B`WLAmR ?>? C>EYL>B << >WW>S 4OF<BDR D ?DSD;D[ V L>[ L N;D_BYb ;>E GDLD;AB ] S<D;A`R FDGB>FCD ?DSD;Db N<;LD< WYSA<R ?DSD;D< [Y POLFSLO<[R ^SD WYSA< C>_< FDWFSL<CCD<R A NDSD[O LF<R PSD A=<S C>_<[O WY&
SA` LD WB>GDR <FSQR ND FOSA FLD FB>\=<CA< :<;UDLCDGD pYSAVR SD <FSQ pDG>X 3CY[A FBDL>[AR B`WV pDG>R [Y B`WA[ F>[AU F<WVR > B`WV L N<;LO` DP<;<=Q F>[AU F<WV ] ?>?R FDWFSL<CCDR GDLD;VSR A E>NDL<=>CD C>[ ] [Y LDE=><[ pDGO ND=DW>ÌO` 1[O P<FSQX pYSA< ] <FBA LY C>FS>AL><S<R PSDWY V ONDS;<WBVB ^SDS S<;[AC LD PSD WY SD CA FS>BD ] WYSA<R ?DSD;D< V N;DSALDNDFS>LBV` ^SD[O ] D P<[ NDC<LDB< FLA=<S<BQFSLO<S O\< F N<;LYU FS;>CA@ N;DPS<CAVR N;DFSD N;DPS<CAV [D<GD S<?F& e* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI S>R ?CAG> OND[VCOSYU >LSD;DL ] ^SD WYSA< EC>P<CAVX 3 V C< LA\OR <b&WDGOR L P<[ DSFSON><[ [Y DS A=<>BDL [>S<;A>BAE[> ] V GDLD;` DS A=<>BDLR NDF?DBQ?O [Y LYUD=A[ E=<FQ E> N;<=<BY <GD A=<>BQCDb FU<[Y ] ?DG=> ;<EDC WYSAV EC>P<CAV OF[>S;AL><[ L C>FB>\=<CAAR C>FB>\=<CAA SX o<BDR D=C>?DR L SD[R PSD S<BDR FD L;<[<C o<[D?;AS>R C< S>? O\ A [>S<;A>BAFSAPCDX i;AUD=ASFV ?DN>SQFV L >SD[>U A LFN>U>UR A LF<[ N;DP<[X :F< ^SD C>?;<N?D [<\=O FDWDb FLVE>CDX /< FBOP>bCD ,;AFSDS<BQR N;A LF<[ FLD<[ DSL;>I<CAA ? o<[D?;ASOR <GD @ASA;O<S ] L<=Q DC Z>?SAP<F?A C> ^SDGD ZABDFDZ> DNA;><SFVX ,SD[R ND FOSA =R ^SD C< PSD ACD<R ?>? B<SOPAb ^B<[<CS EC>P<CAVR ?D;DP< ] h%h#e#hX :DS NDP<[O S>? S;O=CD WYBD LYNOS>SQFV AE E>S;O=C<CAV S<[R ?SD DFS>LBV<S E> CA[ BA_Q SDR PSD =<S ^B<[<CS ^B<[<CSD[R <GD <=ACFSL<CCDFSQR L SD L;<[V ?>? C> F>[D[ =<B< FB<=DL>BD WY LL<FSA [>BD&ND[>BO A =;OGDGDR ACY[A FBDL>[A ] ;>EBAPA<X iDF[DS;A[ S<N<;QR EC>VR PSD F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb C< FOI<FSLO<SR P<[O DCDR C>FB>\=<CA< SR [D\<S L ^SAU OFBDLAVU NDFBO\ASQX 3 :EGBVC<[ NDC>P>BO C> L<IA F SDb FSD;DCYR G=< LFV?Ab U VLBV<SFV ZOC?@ACA[><S [O\PAC>X , E>CA[>`S ^SO FSD;DCOR LDDWI< GDLD;VR ND FDWFSL<CCD[O LYWD;O ] B`W>V \<CIAC> LDBQC>R <FBA LASFVR ^SD F=SQX i;<?;>FCD AEL<FSCDR PSD WYL>`S Z>BBAP<F?A< \<CIACY A PSD Z>BBAP<F?>V ZOC?@AV C< [<_><S [O\PAC>[ FS>CDLASQFV GD[DF<?FO>BAFS>[AX 0 =;OGDb FSD;DCYR A[<CCD DC>R ^S> ZOC?@AVR ND[DG><S A[ E>CVSQ [O\F?O` NDEA@A` A C>bSA ND=UD= ? \<CIAC>[X H [O\PAC< V GDLD;` L?;>S@<R NDSD[O PSD F<GD=CV FDWA;>`FQ GDLD;ASQ D \<CIAC<R A LYR C>=<`FQR OFN<BA O\< E>SL<;=ASQR PSD ND[A[D ?>FS;>@AAR SD <FSQ ND[A[D SDGDR PSD GDLD;AS Z>BBAP<F?Db ZOC?@AA C<SR NDBOPASQ C>FB>\=<CA< DS S \<CIACYR SD <FSQ E>CVSQFV B`WDLQ`R O [O\PACY C<S CA [>B<b_AU _>CFDLX TSD BA_Q LYLD= AE >C>BASAP<F?DGD DNYS>X aSD C< [<_>&
ey +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI <S \SQ \<CIACO B`WY[ FNDFDWD[R =>\< ?DG=> ^SD OFBDLA< C< O=DLB<SLD;<CDX i;AP<[ [O\PAC> C< N;DFSD \<S << ] DC N;D=<BYL><S LF<LDE[D\CY< L<IAR C> O=ALB<CA< C>ND[AC>ÌA< B`WDLQX :DN;<?A SD[OR PSD GDLD;AS u;<b=R A[<CCD [O\PAC> SDSR ACY[A FBDL>[AR ?SDR WO=OPA GDLD;VIA[ FOI<FSLD[R D?>EYL><SFV [O\PACDbR C< EC>V SDB?D[R PSD F ^SA[ =SQ AI<S ND=UD= ? \<CIAC< A LF<;Q<E L<;ASR PSD C>UD=AS <GDK OW<\=<CCDFSA L ^SD[R <[OR W<=DB>G<R C< E>CA[>SQX p<=> L SD[R D=C>?DR PSD ND=UD= DC AI<SR C> =<B<R ? N;APAC< FDWFSL<CCDGD \CAV ] SD[OR PSD C>EL>B V DWd<?SD[ >X : ^SD[ B`WDLCYb >?SR FDWFSL<CCDR A FDFSDASX v>CA[>SQFV B`WDLQ` ] ^SDR ?>? FLA=<S<BQFSLO<S VEY?R AE DWB>FSA NDÊAAX /D [<\=O NDÊA?SD[ B<\AS N;DN>FSQX ,?S B`WLA ] ^SDR O GDLD;VIAU FOI<FSLR NDBA[D;ZCD< AEL;>I<CA< F>[@>X /<S CAP<GDR PSD LYS<?>BD WY AE ;>FFO\=<CAb u;<b=> WDB<< FS;DGDR NDFB<=DL>S<BQCD A C<N;<BD\CDX k [<CV DFS>BDFQ <IJ NDBP>F> L;<[<CAR PSDWY NDFLVSASQ L>F L SDR PSD N;DAFUD=ASR S>? F?>E>SQR FD FSD;DCY \<CIACYX 0DWFSL<CCDR D=CD AE =LOUK BAWD SDR PSD V NA_OR NDBC>V W<FF[YFBA@> ] PSD ?FS>SAR AE ?CA\?AR ?DSD;O` V A[<CCD ND^SD[O L>[ ;<?D[<C=DL>BR A FB<=O<SR ] BAWDR ?DG=> V E>NAFYL>` C<DWYPCDGD LA=> ZOC?@A` UuUR G=< DS;A@>CA< DSCDFASFV ? ?L>CSD;OR PAS>SQ ?DSD;Yb FB<=O<S C< LFV?AbR ^SD EC>PAS O [<CVR PSD ?DG=> GDLD;VI<< FOI<FSLD LFS><S ND= EC>[<C> \<CIACR DFCDL>CA< C> ^SD <[O =><S SDR PSD ND= EC>?D[ Z>BBAP<F?Db ZOC?@AA DCD ND[<I<CD C<&LF<X 3[<CCD ^SD A DN;<=<BV<SXXX PSDc ] +<CIACOR ?DC<PCDR CD F SDb DGDLD;?DbR PSD FBDLD +<CIAC>R L ;D=DLD[ EC>P<CAAR (La |e~~e) C<BQEV C>NAF>SQR C< N<;<P<;?COL FSDVIAb N<;<= CA[ DN;<=<B<CCYb >;SA?BQX +<CIACY L ;D=DLD[ F[YFB<R F WDBQ_Db WO?LYR C< FOI<FSLO<SR NDSD[O PSD ND FOSA FLDER ONDS;<WAL ^SDS S<;[ACR S>? PSD S<;VSQ [C< C<P<GD ] DC> C<&LFVX iDFB<=CVV [<B?>V FD_?>R D=<;\A[>V \CA<[ LYbSA L C>P>BQCA?AR N;DVLBV<SR NDUD\<R WDBQ_< FS>;>CAVR P<[ [DA OP<CA?A N;A PS<CAA C>NAF>CCDGD [CDb S<?FS>X /< C>b=<SFVR ND\>BObR CA D=CDGD AE CAUR ?SD C< C>GDLD;AB WY GBONDFSS?< DEC>P>Ì<GDR DEC>P>Ì<[ DSFOSFSLAV DEC>& e7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI P>Ì<GDR A N;DPBBDF<R SDG=> ?>? A[<CCD E=<FQR L DN;<=<B<CCD[ >;SA?B< \<CF?DGD ;D=>R N<;<= C>[A DEC>P>Ì<< C< N;DFSD C>UD=VI<<FV L _A;D?D[ ONDS;<WB<CAAR CDR C<F[DS;V CA C> PSDR FDL<;_<CCD
C<DWUD=A[D<X aSD =D?>EYL><SFV O\< S<[R PSD V F>[ SDBQ?D PSDR GDLD;V D [O\& PAC< A \<CIAC<R ONDS;<WBVB ^SA FBDL> F DN;<=<B<CCY[ >;SA?B<[X :<=Q DCR ^SDS DN;<=<B<CCYb >;SA?BQR A <FSQ C< PSD ACD<R ?>? DEC>P>Ì<<X 3[<CCD A[ FA[LDBAEA;O<SFV O [<CV DEC>P>Ì<<R PQ< [<FSDR ?DSD;D< C< =DB\CD DFS>L>SQFV NOFSY[R C<DWUD=A[D ND[<SASQX HEC>P>Ì<< ^SD DWB>=><S DFDWY[ FLDbFSLD[K DCD <=ACFSL<CCD<R ?DSD;D< C< [D\<S CAP<GD DEC>P>SQ ] DCD BA_Q O?>EYL><S C> DFDW<CCDFSQ NDBD\<CAV \<CIACYR FDFSDVIO` L SD[R PSD DC> C<&LFVX aSD C< NDELDBV<S C>[ GDLD;ASQ D +<CIAC< F WDBQ_Db WO?LYX /<S \<CIACYR ?DSD;>V L N;A;D=< L<I FQ WY AF?B`P<CA<[X 1FBA DCA C> PSD&SD F<bP>F A \>BO`SFVR S>? SDBQ?D C> ^SD ] N;DFSD DCA F>[A C< EC>`SR PSD GDLD;VSR A L ^SD[ LFV ;>ECA@> [<\=O A[A A [CDbX /D AF?B`P<CA<[ AE N;A;D=Y L<IR LF< \<R BA_Q NDSD[OR PSDR WO=OPA C<&LFVR ;>FNDB>G><SR ND DSCD_<CA` ? C>FB>\=<CA`R =A?SO<[D[O Z>BBAP<F?Db ZOC?@A LDPCY[ C>FB>\=<CA<[X HW;>SAS< LCA[>CA< ] V GDLD;` =DW>LDPCY[R > C< =DNDBCAS<BQCY[X 0?>\A V =DNDBCAS<BQCY[R PSD WY WYBDc 2Y L<;COBAFQ WY ? N;<=FS>LB<CA` D C<?D<[ @<BD[X +<CIACY E> ^SD =<;\>SFVR CA D=C> AE CAU C< DG;>CAPAL><SFVR WO=OPA C<& LF FB>\=<CA<[R D ?DSD;D[ A=<S ;<PQR A LDDWI<R pDG LA=ASR ^SD DCAR ?>? WY SD CA WYBDR DWB>=>`S [O\PAC>[AX a<BDL<? AE C>;D=> ] V S>?AU EC>`{ E=<FQ AUR WYSQ [D\<SR A C<SR CD V BAPCD AU EC>` C<[>BD ] P<BDL<? AE C>;D=> C>EYL><S \<CIACO WO;\O>E?DbX HW ^SD[ A ;<PQX TSD L SDP?O ND DSCD_<CA` ? C<[O F>[D[OR C< ? C<bX u>BBDFR [Db [O\APD?R ?>? DC> <GD C>EYL><SR =>B<?D \<CIAC< C< W<E;>EBAP<C ] ^SD [Y OFLDABA FD L;<[<C 4>WB<X o<BD BA_Q L SD[R PSD ND=UD=DL ? ^SD[O Z>BBDFOR ?>? A FNDFDWDL <GD E> FDWDb O=<;\>SQR L << ;>FND;V\<CAA [CDGDX 1FBA DC> L Z>BBAP<F?Db ZOC?@AA A C<&LFVR ^SD LDLF< C< EC>PAS <IJR PSD << C<S S>[ LDLF<X 1< C< LDLF< S>[ C<SX HC>R C>N;DSALR OLVE>C> F C? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI ?;D[< ^SDGDR <IJ ?D<&PSDX pO=QS< DFSD;D\CYR C< DS?BA?>bS<FQ C> ^SD <IJ ?D<&PSD FBA_?D[ WYFS;DX j C< [DGO ND?> C>bSA <[O =;OGDGDR BOP_<GD DN;<=<B<CAVR NDSD[O PSD FN<_O A =DB\<C [YFBQ FLD` =DL<FSA =D ?DC@>X 0OI<FSLO<S C>FB>\=<CA< ] NDF?DBQ?O A[<CCD C>FB>\=<CA< ACS<;<FO<S C>F F<bP>F L N<;LO` DP<;<=QR ] C>FB>\=<CA< SR ?DSD;D< B<\ASR <FBA [D\CD S>? LY;>EASQFV ] UD;D_<< C>EL>CA< =BV WO=OIS<BQFSL< 6>BABBBDF>X 0B>LCD WYBD WYR N;>L=>c 3 oLA\<CA` E> DFLDWD\=<CA< \<CIAC ^SD N;A=>BD WY FDBA=CDFSAX />FB>\=<CA< ND SO FSD;DCO Z>BBDF>XXX
:YR WYSQ [D\<SR E>[<SABA C<C>;D?D[ ] V DW;>I>`FQR <FS<FSL<CCDR L =>CCD[ FBOP>< ? C<?A[ ND=DWAV[ [O\PACR ?DSD;YU LFS;` L;<[V DS L;<[<CAR CDR FB>L> pDGOR ND WDBQ_FSAR BAPCD C< EC>`R PSD C< DEC>P><SR WO=SD V ? =;OGA[ DSCD_OFQ N;<=LEVSDR ] PSD <FSQ C<PSD S>?D<R PSD AUR \<CIACR L;<[V DS L;<[<CA FBDLCD LFS;VUAL><S (sechue) AR L SD \< L;<[VR ND=FS;>UDLYL><S (sechu% )X HS?;DbS< FBDL>;Q pBD?> A ZDC :>;SWO;G>R ?DSD;YbR V OL<;<CR =>B<?D C< O ?>\=DGD AE E=<FQ FA=VIAU FSDAS C> NDB?<R CD =BV [<CV VLBVÌAbFV C<AFFV?><[Y[ AFSDPCA?D[ C>FB>\=<CAVR A NDACS<;<FObS<FQ ^SA[DBDGAbCD S>?AU L<I<SX k C<<R SDbR PSD C< FOI<FSLO<S A CAP<GD C< DEC>P><SR <FSQ FLD<R FDWFSL<CCD< C>FB>\=<CA<X />FB>\=<CA<R D ?DSD;D[ DC> F>[>R LDE[D\CDR CAP<GD C< EC><SR ;>EL< PSD DC> <GD POLFSLO<S ] ^SD&SD DC> EC><SX HC> EC><SR ?DC<PCDR ?DG=> ^SD F C\=Db AE CAUX j C< FDWA;>`FQ GDLD;ASQ D N;<FBDLOSDb Z;AGA=CDFSAR CD L DSCD_<CAVU [<\=O [O\PACDb A \<CIACDb C<DWUD=A[D OPASYL>SQ A ;DBQ [D=YX TSD C<DWYP>bCD L>\CDX -DC<PCDR L ;>FFO\=<CAVU u;<b=>R ?>? A L ?O;SO>ECDb B`WLAR LF< ^SD OSDCOBD LD LSD;DFS<N<CCYU FDDW;>\<CAVUR E>NOS>L_AU W<EC>=<\CD LF< =<BDX :SD;DFS<N<CCYU FDDW;>\<CAVU D C>FB>\=<CAA ?BASD;> A C>FB>\=<CAAR ?DSD;D[O ?>\=Yb N;A=O[YL><S FLD< A[V ] D SD[ =;OGD[ C>FB>\=<CAAR D=CA[ FBDLD[R ? ?DSD;D[O V NDNYS>`FQ ND=L<FSA L>F PAFSD BDGA& e9 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI P<F?A[ NOS<[R NDSD[O PSD N;A CYC<_C<[ ND;V=?< L<IF C<SX 2D<[O N;<=NDBD\<CA`R PSD D C>FB>\=<CAA ^SD[ F>[> \<CIAC> CAP<GD C< EC><SR FDDWI><S N;>L=DND=DWA< SD DWFSDVS<BQFSLDR PSD UDSV AU =>LCD O[DBV`SR O[DBV`S C> ?DB<CVUR UDSQ PSD&CAWO=Q C>[ DW ^SD[ C>FB>\=<CAA ;>FF?>E>SQ D \<CIAC>U&NFAUD>C>BASA?>U V L>[ L N;D_BYb ;>E O\< GDLD;AB ] L DSL<SK [DBPD?n /A?SD AE CAU S>? CAP<GD A C< LYO=ABX M>? PSD C>EYL>`S ^SD C>FB>\=<CA< ?SD ?>? [D\<S ?SD&SD L>GAC>BQCY[R ?SD&SD DSCDFAS <GD ? EDC< E> DSL<;FSA<[ [>S?AR CD LF< ^SDR N;DFSAS< ] FBDLD ^SD E=<FQ L F>[Yb ;>E ] NAE=<\X 1FBA V N;>L AR AFNYSYL>V ^SD C>FB>\=<CA<R DC> =<bFSLAS<BQCD D C<[ CAP<GD C< EC><SR ^SD NDELDBV<S L N;<FBDLOSDb Z;AGA=CDFSA LF<;Q<E OFD[CASQFVX TSDR ?FS>SA GDLD;VR DFDW>V S<[>R A S<[> BAS<;>SO;C>VX /> CBD WY DFS>CDLASQFVX :DS O\< =L>=@>SQ B<S ?>? VR FDWFSL<CCDR SDBQ?D ^SD A =` ] AEOP>` SDR PSD F?>E>BA ZABDFDZY D B`WLAX .`WDLQ L FLVEA F ^SDb S<[Db D?>E>B>FQ O [<CV L @<CS;< LCA[>CAVR <FS<FSL<CCDR =>B<?D C< F;>EO &N;DAED_BD
^SD NDE\<R L FLVEA F >WW>SD[ 4OF<BDR D ?DSD;D[ V L>[ SDBQ?D PSD GDLD;ABR A FND;D[ D S>? C>EYL><[Db B`WLA ZAEAP<F?Db A B`WLA ^?FS>SAP<F?DbX />F?DBQ?D V EC>`R +ABQFDC FPLB<CA< C< FBA_?D[ O=>P& CY[X iD <GD [C<CA`R 4OF<BD CAP<GD CDLDGD C< DS?;YBR NDSD[O PSD N;DWB<[> ? ^SD[O N;DSALDNDFS>LB<CA` CA?DG=> C< FLD=AB>FQ A O ,;AFSDS<BV B`WDLQ C< [<C<< ^?FS>SAPC>R P<[ O FLVSDGD p<;C>;=> ] CO\CD BA_Q G;>[DSCD N;DP<FSQ GB>LY 0S>GA;AS>R NDFLVI<CCY< ZABAAR =;O\W<X /<?DSD;Y< AE L>FR C>L<;CV?>R EC>`SR ?>?Db _O[ WYB ND=CVS L D?;OG ^SDGD L BAS<;>SO;<n v=<FQ A o<CA =< 4O\[DC ] NDBAFS>bS< <GD .`WDLQ A v>N>=R ^SD C< FB>WD ] A <IJ D=ACR C< GBON<< <GDR N;DS<FS>CSR ND A[<CA /`G;<CR C>NAF>L_Ab ?CAGO T;DF A ,G>N<X };AFSA>C<R <FS<FSL<CCDR ?DCPABA S<[R PSD AEDW;<BA F<W< pDG>R ?DSD;Yb F>[ \< A C>FB>\=><SFVn :Y NDBOPAS<R D=C>?DR C<WDBQ_O` NOS<LD=CO` CASQR NDPAS>L C<?DSD;YU =<bFSLAS<BQCD F<;Q<ECYU >LSD;DL ] ? SD[O \<R ?>? C>;DPCDR \<CIACX j =>[ L>[ D=CO ND=F?>E?OR ?DSD;Db DWVE>C FLD?D[DbX HC> N;DPB> ^SO ?CA\?O A [C< << N;AC<FB>X j C< [DG DS C<< DSD;L>SQFVX j C>& 97 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI NA_O L>[ A[VR > SD LY <<R P<GD =DW;DGDR C< C>b=<S<X 1< EDLOS 6>=<LAP AE ,CL<;>R DC> W<GAC?> A N;AC>=B<\AS ? S<[R ?DGD DWYPCD O?BDCPALD EDLOS [AFSA?>[AX /D FBDLD [AFSA? C< EC>PAS =BV [<CV SDR PSD EC>PAS DCD =BV i<GAX 2AFSA?> =BV [<CV ] ^SD C< N;DFSD LF<R PSD C< N;AC>=B<\AS NDBASA?<X 2AFSA?> ] F<;Q<ECYb N;<=[<SR A NDFLVI>`S C>F L C<< C<[CDGA<R L DFCDLCD[ \<CIACYR ABA S>?A< D=>;<CCY< B`=A ?>? }O>C =< BV -;OF ] NDF?DBQ?OR =>\< <FBA LY ;D=ABAFQ [O\PACDbR E>CA[>SQ FSD;DCO VxOx L>F CA?SD C< DWVEYL><SK LY [D\<S< F S<[ \< OFN<UD[ E>CVSQ FSD;DCO C<&LF<GDX M>? PSD FOI<FSLO`S [O\PACY&[AFSA?AR ?DSD;Y< C< OFSON>`S \<CIAC>[X TSD FBOP><SFVX 3 ?DSD;Y< POLFSLO`S F<WV L C ? L FLD;<B?<X /<F[DS;V C< C> Z>BBDFR C<SR >R F?D;<<R C> SD D=CDA[<CCD< <[OR PSD FBO\AS A[ W;<[<C<[R O CAU SD\< W;<E\AS N;<=FS>LB<CA< D C>FB>\=<CAA ND SO FSD;DCOX TSD A <FSQ B`=AR ?DSD;YU [Y EDL<[ [AFSA?>[AX 2C< FBOP>BDFQ O\< GDLD;ASQ DW >LSD;>UR ?DSD;Y[ [AFSA?> WYB> C< PO\=>R UDSV [<FSD AU WYBDR F?D;<<R C> FSD;DC< Z>BBAP<F?Db ZOC?@AAX M>?DLR C>N;A[<;R ,CG<BOF 0AB<EAOFK DSD\=<FSLBVSQ FLDb FDWFSL<CCYb FDE<;@>ÌAb LEGBV= FD LEGBV=D[ LEA;>Ì<GD C> C<GD pDG> ] PSD ^SDR ?>? C< N;AEC>? AEL;>I<CCDGD C>FB>\=<CAVc aSD ?>F><SFV 6>=<LAPR SD F C? \<R ?>? FD 0LVSDb M<;<EDbK FSDAS LEGBVCOSQ L 4A[< C> FS>SO` p<;CACAR A L>[ VFCD FS>C<SR PSD DC> C>FB>\=><SFVR FD[C<CAb E=<FQ C<SX />FB>\=><SFV P<[c 3 SOS VFCD FS>CDLASFVR PSD FLA=<S<BQFSLD [AFSA?DL A FDFSDAS ?>? ;>E L SD[R PSD DCA AFNYSYL>`S <GDR CD D C<[ CAP<GD C< EC>`SX
i;<FBDLOSY< [AFSAP<F?A< AEBAVCAV ] ^SD LDLF< C< WDBSDLCVR C< NOFSY< FBDL>R ^SDR L FOICDFSAR BOP_<< PS<CA<R ?>?D< [D\CD C>bSAR C< FPAS>VR DS[<SQS< F<W<R G=<&CAWO=Q C> NDBVUR />NAF>CCDGD +>?D[ .>?>CD[R NDSD[O PSD ^SD SDGD \< ND;V=?>X M<N<;QR ?DG=> V F?>E>B ^SDR LY C>L<;CV?> F=<S< =BV F<WV LYLD=R WO=SD V L<;` L pDG>X j L<;` L C>FB>\=<CA< \<CIACY ?>? C<PSD AEWYSDPCD< ] A[<bS< ^SD L LA=OR CDR ND?> V C< LLF L FOSQ =R DFS>LQS< ^SD AEWYSDPCD< L FSD;DC<X : ?DC@< N;D_BDGD L<?>R LD L;<[<C> u;<b=>R LF<R L SD[ PAFB< >;?D F <GD D?;O\<CA<[R A [CDGA< =;OGA<R FS;<[A& 91 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI BAFQ FL<FSA [AFSA?O ? NDBDLY[ FCD_<CAV[X /D <FBA N;AF[DS;<SQFVR ^SD FDLF<[ C< S>?X /< VLBV<SFV BA C>FB>\=<CA<R ?DSD;D< AFNYSYL>`SR CAP<GD C< EC>V D C<[R S<[ F>[Y[R PSD DS?;YL><S C>[ NOSQ ? LC<&FOI<FSLDL>CA`R ^?F& FAFS<C@AAc 3 C< B<\AS BA L DFCDL< D=CDGD AE BA?DL o;OGDGDR BA?>R PSD [Y A[<CO<[ pDGD[R \<CF?D< C>FB>\=<CA<c iDF?DBQ?O N;DAFUD=AS LF< ^SD WB>GD=>;V WYSA` EC>P<CAV A NDF?DBQ?O ?;D[< [<FS> o;OGDGDR A[<CO<[DGD [CD` WDBQ_A[ o;OGA[R ACDGD [<FS> ^SD[O WYSA` C<SR L GB>E>U O C>F NDC<LDB< C>PAC><S =LDASQFVX 3 NDF?DBQ?O DS@DLF?>V ZOC?@AVR F ?DSD;Db ?>FS;>@AV ?>? ;>E A FLVE>C>R LNAFYL><SFV L ^SD \< [<FSDR D =LOU pDG>U O C>FR ?>? LA=AS<R C< [D\<S WYSQ ;<PAR CD C< NDBOP><SFV DWDbSAFQ A D=CA[X /< FBOP>bCDR =;OGA[A FBDL>[AR A[<CCD L B`WDLCDb ACS;A\?<R L AG;< FDWB>EC<CAVR DS?;YBDFQ -Q<;?<GD;O FOI<FSLDL>CA<X .A_Q F<WV ?>FS;A;DL>LR DS?>E>L_AFQ DS FLD=<<SFV DC C>bSA ? FOI<FSLDL>CA` =DFSONX /D ?SD EC><S L ?DC@< ?DC@DL ] WYSQ [D\<S FOI<FSLDL>B>R FD FLDc 3 ?>? EC>SQR WYSQ [D\<S A[<CCD NDF;<=FSLD[ 4<GACY DWC>;O\AB DC L F<W< AE[<;<CA<R G=< DWAS><S \CA< WB>G> LD LSD;Db FS<N<CAR WB>G>R ?DSD;D[O [>B<CQ?D< > C< FBO\AS N;APACDbc 27 Z<L;>BV 1973 GD=>X
VII ( > A S(A)K FBAVCA< A ;>E=<B<CA<X :C<F<?FO>BdCDFSdX 6DLD;ASQ LNOFSO`X iFAUD>C>BAE ] C< ?DF[DBDGAVX vC>CA< C>FB>\=<CAVX
93 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII
kLA=<L SDR PSD V C>NAF>B =BV L>F C> =DF?<R LY NDL<;AS<R P<GD =DW;DGDR WO=SD EC><S< S<N<;Q LF<X 3 C>N;>FCDX 2Y NDN;DWO<[ F<GD=CV NDGDLD;ASQ D EC>CAA ] D EC>CAAR ?DSD;D< L ZD;[OB>U P<SY;IAUR ?>? V C>=<VBFV L>[ ND?>E>SQR L DFCDL< FD@A>BQCYU FLVE P<CD O [<CV FA[LDBD[ S2X : ;<EOBQS>S< [C< O=>FSFVR C>=<`FQR =>SQ L>[ NDPOLFSLDL>SQR NDP<[O @AZ;> 2 DEC>P><S E=<FQ C<& PSD WDBQ_<<R C<\<BA LSD;APCDFSQ ND DSCD_<CA` ? DEC>P>Ì<[OR DWDEC>P<CCD[O O [<CV S% 1 -DBA O\ V ;<_AB ^SD C>GBV=CD< NDFDWA< L LA=< S>WBA@Y L>[ =>SQR [C< N;A=<SFV <GD ] C>=<`FQR ?;>S?D ] N;D?D[[<CSA;DL>SQX oD ^SDGD V ^SO S>WBA@OR N;AEC>`FQR CAG=< C< NAF>B A E>;>C<< C< GDSDLABX HC> C< ?>\<SFV [C< DW;>E@DLDbR E>SD C<=D;>EO[<CAbR ?>? A LF<G=> O [<CVR [D\<S C>NBD=ASQ C<[>BDX 9w +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII M>?Db =AF?O;FR ?>? >C>BASAP<F?AbR C>@<B<CR W<EOFBDLCDR C> F[YFBX j C< [DGOR VFCD< =<BDR =>SQ ?>\=D[O AE N;AFOSFSLOÌAU WDBQ_< F[YFB>R P<[ DC L FDFSDVCAA WO=<S OFLDASQX v=<FQ <FSQ N;<=<BY ] N;<=<BYR E>=>CCY< F[YFBD[R L ?DSD;D[ LY DWAS><S<X 3 N;<=<BY ^SAR DS?;DL<CCD F?>\<[R =DLDBQCD OE?A<X 2YFBQR ? ?DSD;Db N;ALD=AS >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FR FDFSDAS L SD[R PSD F[YFB
^SD ?>\OIAbFVX k?>EYL>V C> F<?FO>BQCYb U>;>?S<; ^SDGD F[YFB>R >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F DS=><S F<W< DSP<S L <GD DG;>CAP<CCDFSAX iDFB<=C<GD FBDL> CA?DG=> C< C>UD=ASFVR <FBA C< FPAS>SQ S>?A[ FBDLD[R ~h R ?>? V O\< GDLD;ABR [DBPD?X HSL<S> C<SR [DBPD? ] GDLD;AS G=<&SD .>ZDCS<CX 0[YFB C>N;>LBV<S C>F ? EAVÌ<[O L C<[ N;DL>BOX HG;>=AL F<WV S>?A[ DW;>ED[ DS N;<\=<L;<[<CCDGD NDCA[>CAV A N;ACVL LF< [<;Y N;<=DFSD;D\CDFSAR ?DSD;YU WB>GD;>EO[A<R Z;DC<FAF C> VEY?< G;<?DL ] VEY?<R C> ?DSD;D[R ?>? WY =>B<?A DS SDGDR PSD NDELDBV<S >;SA?OBA;DL>SQ >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FR DCA CA WYBAR S>? [CDGD< WYBD F?>E>CD ] DS C>F S;<WO<SR DW;>SA[FV ? SD[OR PSD C>NAF>CD O [<CV C> =DF?<X iDF[DS;A[ FC>P>B> C> P<SY;< C>NAF>CCYU FL<;UO ] =L< L B<LDb P>FSA S>WBA@Y A =L< L N;>LDb ] N;DNDEA@ADC>BQCYU ZD;[OBYX .`WD< GDLD;VI<< FOI<FSLD LNAFYL><SFV BAWD L D=CO NDBDLACOR BAWD L =;OGO`X /A\CVV FS;D?> FB<L> GDLD;AS D SD[R PSD [O\PAC> LNAFYL><SFV L S>WBA@O NDF;<=FSLD[ Z>BBAP<F?Db ZOC?@AAR F SDb DGDLD;?DbR D=C>?DR PSD ZOC?@AA ^SDb NDB>G><S N;<=CA< #R ?DSD;Y[ ZOC?@AV ND=L<;G><SFV DS;A@>CA`X TSD A <FSQ SDR PSD C>EYL><SFV DS@DLF?Db ZOC?@ACAV NDBD\<CA< XXR ?DSD;Y[ A DWDFCDL>C> ?>? ;>E N;>?SA?> E>[<I<CAV F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb ] DCA E>NAFA L B`WD[ FBOP>< C< ND==>`SFV ] ?>FS;>@A<bX : DFCDL<R S>?A[ DW;>ED[R B<\AS AF?B`P<CA<R NDBD\<CCD< ?>? G;>CA@> SDGDR PSD <GDR ^SD uUR @<BA?D[ DS;A@><SX 0 =;OGDb FSD;DCY LNAF>CY S<R ?SD DSCDFASFV ? \<CF?D[O ;>E;V=O GDLD;VIAU FOI<FSLX 0DGB>FCD S<D;AA u;<b=>R ?>\=D[O GDLD;VI<[O FOI<FSLOR ?<[ WY DCD CA WYBD A C<E>LAFA[D DS SDGDR DWB>=><S BA DCD >S;AWOS>[A[O\<FSL<CCDFSA ] ?>?DLY DCAR ^SD <IJ LDN;DF ] NDELDB<CD L ^SO P>FSQ 9* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII LNAF>SQFVX :NAF>L_AFQ \< SO=>R CA?>?Db LF<DWICDFSA DCD C< NDS<;NASK FLDWD=CD< LYWA;>SQR L?B`P>SQFV <[O L ;>E;V= uUR ABA C<SR DCD S>? A DFS>C<SFV C<&LF<[X M>?DLY <=ACFSL<CCD LDE[D\CY< DN;<=<B<CAV S>? C>EYL><[YU [O\F?Db A \<CF?Db ;DBÌAUR LDB<` FO=QWYR L VEY?<X :CAEOR ND= GD;AEDCS>BQCDb BACA Ì<bFV F SDb L<;SA?>BQ`R PSD =<BAS S>? C>EYL><[D< ] C<ND=DW>ÌA[ DW;>ED[ ] P<BDL<P<FSLDR L E>LAFA[DFSA DS F<?FO>BQCDb A=<CSAZA?>@AAR C> =L< NDBDLACYR N<;<= L>[A =AZZ<;<C@A;DL>CC>V ?>;SAC> SDGDR D P<[ O C>F A=<S ;<PQX 0D FSD;DCY [O\PACY V LNAF>B F`=>R C< A[<VR ?DC<PCDR L LA=O C>=<BASQ <GD ?>?Db&BAWD N;ALAB<GA P>Ì<<R LD&LSD;YUX TSD NDFB<=C<< C>UD=AS FLD< LDNBDI<CA< S>?\< L FA[LDB< S% VLBVÌ<[FVR F;<=A
LFP>ÌAUR S<[ <=ACFSL<CCY[R O ?DSD;DGD DSFOSFSLO<S DEC>P><[D< A ?DSD;D< FA[LDBAEA;O<SR FDDSL<SFSL<CCDR F[YFBDLDb N;DL>BR C<PSD C<=D& F?>E>CCD<R C<=D&FSDbCD< ] <FBA UDSAS<R C<N;A&FSDbCD< ND N;<A[OI<FSLOX oOWBA;DL>CCD< ^SA[ DEC>P>ÌA[R DS ?DSD;DGD DCDR LDDWI<&SDR =>\< A C< E>LAFASR z C< A[<<S = L ?>P<FSL< N>;SC<;> CA F ?<[R ?;D[< DWd<?S> >R LNAF>CCDGD L S>WBA@O ND =;OGO` FSD;DCO L<;SA?>BQCDb P<;SYX oDFSON ? F<?FO>BQCD[O N>;SC<;OR ?DSD;Y[ VLBV<SFV =BV C<GD o;OGDbR <[O =>CD NDBOPASQ C< AC>P<R ?>? P<;<E SDR PSD FBO\AS N;APACDb <GD \CAVX ->? LA=CD C> [DAU G;>Z>UR G=< z A > FDN;V\<CY [<\=O FDWDb EC>?D[ ;D[W>R ;<PQ A=<S C< D P<[ ACD[R ?>? D Z>CS>E[<X TSDS Z>CS>E[R L NB<CO ?DSD;DGD FOWd<?S C>& UD=ASFVR A B<\AS ?>? ;>E L DFCDL< SDGDR PSD C>EYL>`S LD u;<b=DLDb S<D;AA N;AC@AND[ ;<>BQCDFSAX i<;<UD=A[ ? =;OGDb FSD;DC< S>WBA@YX : ^SD[ GD=O V ND=UD\O ? S<[<R ?DSD;O` u;<b= C>;DPASD DFS>LAB L FSD;DC<K as q#"" tas e#!c ] a<GD UDP<S \<CIAC>c u;<b= OSL<;\=><SR PSD FOI<FSLO<S SDBQ?D [O\F?D< BAWA=DX aSD ^SD DEC>P><Sc TSD DEC>P><SR PSD AGCD;A;O<SFV @V DWB>FSQR D ?DSD;Db C<BQEV F?>E>SQR ?>?&CA?>?R PSD << LDLF< C<SX HWB>FSQ LFAL><S F<W< FS>SOF \<CIACY ] <FBA DCA LDDWI< OFL>AL>`S F<W< PSD&BAWD AE C>NAF>CCDGD O CAU C> ;D=OX pDBQ_< SDGDR C<N;>LD[<;CD AFNDBQEDL>SQ FBDLD +<CIAC> F DN;<& 9y +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII =<B<CCY[ >;SA?B<[R NDSD[O PSDR ?>? V L N;D_BYb ;>E O\< DWdVFCABR >;SA?BQ ^SDS A[<<S ;D=DLD< EC>P<CA< A <GDR FB<=DL>S<BQCDR C<BQEV ONDS;<WASQ S>[R G=< ;<PQ A=<S D C<&LF<[X v>NAF>SQ <GD L ^SD[ FBOP>< [D\CD BA_Q N<;<P<;?COSY[ (La)X HC A[<<S C<NDF;<=FSL<CCD< DSCD_<CA<R A V L>[ F<GD=CV ^SD N;DABB`FS;A;O`R ? DEC>P>Ì<[O N<;<P<;?COSD< ,X o;OGDb ] ^SD C< N;DFSD [<FSDR G=< B<N<P<S AFSAC>X HC E>FBO\AL><S ;<N;<E<CSA;DL>SQ SDR F P<[ \<CIAC> FOI<FSL<CCD FLVE>C>X k C>F <FSQ SD[OR ;>EO[<<SFVR BA_Q FND;>=AP<F?A< FLA=<S<BQFSL>R ?DSD;Y[A V L N;D_BYb ;>ER L AU [<S>ZD;AP<F?D[ DWBA?<R A LDFNDBQEDL>BFVX pO=OPA L F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAVR ND DSCD_<CA` ? SD[OR PSD L W<FFDEC>S<BQCD[ [D\<S WYSQ LYF?>E>CDR L ?D;C< o;OGA[R \<CIAC> ] ^SD FOI<FSLDR ?DSD;D< F ^SA[ o;OGA[ FLVE>CDX 3[<CCD ^SD V UDS? [D\CD VFC<< >;SA?OBA;DL>SQX +<CIAC> A[<<S DSCD_<CA< ? DEC>P>Ì<[O ^SDGD o;OGDGDR S>? ?>?R WO=OPA o;OGA[R DC DW;<P<C LF<G=> o;OGA[ DFS>L>SQFVX :Y LFND[CAS<R DF[<B`FQ N;<=NDBD\ASQR L FLVEA F ^SA[R PSD O o;OGDGDR ?>? V =>LCD O\< GDLD;ABR o;OGDGD C<SX o;OGDbR ^SD [<FSDR ?O=> LNAF>CD LF<R PSD [D\<S WYSQ L DEC>P>Ì<[ >;SA?OBA;DL>CDR VLBV<SFVR L DFCDL< FLD P>Ì<[R E>NAF>CCD[ L N;>LD[ NDB< S>WBA@YR E>?B`P<CCD< L F?DW?A , N<;<P<;?COSD ] S(X)X
->? [D\CD N;<=FS>LASQ F<W<R PSD , VLBV<SFV G=<&SD S<[R F P<[ NDBDLAC> ] S>?DL> N;A[<;CD WADBDGAP<F?>V N;DND;@AV ] NDBDLAC> GDLD;VIAU FOI<FSL F<WV FDDSCDFASc , L<=Q A[<CCD ^SD DWDEC>P><S L<;UCVV AE AFUD=VIAU DS N<;<P<;?COSDGD DN;<=<B<CCDGD >;SA?BV FS;<BD?X TSDS N<;<P<;?COSYb DN;<=<B<CCYb >;SA?BQ C< [D\<S WYSQ LYF?>E>CX H +<CIAC< C< [D\<S WYSQ LYF?>E>CD LDDWI< CAP<GDX +<CIAC> FLVE>C> F S(A)R A O\< ND^SD[O DC> =LDASFVR DC> C<&LFVR WO=OPAR F =;OGDb FSD;DCYR FLVE>C> F uX TSD u <FSQ C< PSD ACD<R ?>? Z>BBDFR DEC>P>Ì<< W<E DEC>P><[DGDR SD F>[D<R L DFCDL< P<GD B<\AS O [O\PACY Z>BBAP<F?D< C>FB>\=<CA<X aSD ^SD S>?D<c , SDR D P<[ OW<=AS<BQCD GDLD;AS S> L>\C>V ;DBQR ?DSD;>V L C>_=B<\AS [>FSO;W>@AAR ] C>FB>\=<CA< A=ADS>X 97 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII
2 M<N<;QR PSDWY N;AL<FSA L>F L POLFSLDR [C< DFS><SFV F L>[A NDGDLD;ASQ D B`WLAX aSD V P<;<E [ACOSO A F=`X ->?Db F[YFBR D=C>?DR GDLD;ASQ D B`WLAR <FBA DC> S>? [>BD FDL[<FSA[> F SDb N<;FN<?SALDbR L ?DSD;Db >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F [D\<S ND?>E>SQFV P<[&SD C>ND=DWA< C>O?Ac TSD C>ND=DWA< C>O?A L>[R C>L<;CD<R [>BD PSD GDLD;ASX :Y EC><S<R ?DC<PCDR NDSD[O PSD V DW;>I>B C> ^SD L>_< LCA[>CA<R PSD L DN;<=<B<CCYb [D[<CS O C>F NDVLABAFQ DFCDL>CAV F OL<;<CCDFSQ` FLVEYL>SQ LDECA?CDL<CA< C>OPCDGD =AF?O;F> F G>BAB<<LY[ N<;<LD;DSD[ L C>O?<X j S>? C>FSDbPALD DW ^SD[ SL<;=ABR PSD ND ?;>bCF OFN<BA DW;>SASQFV ? O?>E>CCD[O [CD` N<;LDAFSDPCA?OR ? ;>WDS>[ -Db;<X aSD ?>F><SFV C>OPCDGD =AF?O;F>R SD S;O=CDFSQ FDFSDAS L SD[R PSDWY C< ONOF?>SQ D=CDL;<[<CCD AE LA=O =L< <GD DFDW<CCDFSAR D ?DSD;YU V F<bP>F L>[ F?>\OX 0 D=CDb FSD;DCYR ^SDS =AF?O;F ND;D=AB [CD\<FSLD ACFS;O[<CSDLR ?DSD;Y< =BV C>FR F SDP?A E;<CAVR ?DSD;O` [Y F<bP>F E>CA[><[R N;<=FS>`S ?>? G>=\<SYX 0 C<?DSD;YU ND; LY VLBV<S<FQR L GD;>E=D WDBQ_<S<R FOWd<?S>[A [CDGDPAFB<CCYU ACFS;O[<CSDLX 3CFS;O[<CSY ^SAR DS [A?;DF?DN> =D S<B<& A ;>=ADN;A<[CA?DLR FS>BA ^B<[<CS>[A L>_F_S>WY ^SDGD VLB<CAV L>[ S;O=CD F<bP>F D@<CASQR CD DCD VLBV<SFVR S>? ABA AC>P<R P>FSQ` C>OPCDGD =AF?O;F>R S>? ?>? =AF?O;F A <FSQ SD F>[D<R P<[ E>=>`SFV S> ABA AC>V ZD;[> FD@A>BQCDb FLVEAX 0 =;OGDb FSD;DCYR A E=<FQ FDFSY?DL?A C< N;DAFUD=ASR C>BA@D ND=;YLCDb N;D@<FFR N;DAFUD=VIAb L NDEC>CAAX oD C<?DSD;YU ND; LF< NDCVSAVR ?DSD;Y[A NDEC>CA< DN<;A;DL>BDR WYBA FLVE>CY S>? ABA AC>P< F Z>CS>E[D[ E>NAFA ND& BDLDb FLVEA ] N;AP<[ C<BQEV F?>E>SQR PSDWY FOWd<?SY >CSAPCDb S<D;AA NDEC>CAV CAP<GD DW ^SD[ C< EC>BAX :DEQ[<[R ? N;A[<;OR S>?A< S<;[ACYR ?>? >?SALCD< A N>FFALCD< ]
S<;[ACYR L ?DSD;YU C<?DG=> [YFBABDFQ N;<A[OI<FSL<CCD FDDSCD_<CA< [<\=O [>S<;A[<CS>BQCD< FDDSCD_<CA<R ? ?DSD;D[O iB>SDC AR LFB<= E> CA[R ,;AFSDS<BQR N;AW<G>BA L FLDAU ;>E[Y_B<CAVU D 9e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII N;A;D=< L<I ?>\=D[ _>GOX : DFCDL< ^SAU ;>E[Y_B<CAb E;A[D A DFVE><[D B<\AS Z>CS>E[R N;AEL>CCYb E>[<FSASQ FDWDb SDR PSD L B`WD[ FBOP>< LYF?>E>CD WYSQ C< [D\<S ] F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAVX ->? CA FS;>CCDR CD L ^SDb N;A[ASALCDb N>;<R G=< [>S<;AV LYFSON><S ?>? N>FFALCD< C>P>BDR > ZD;[< DSLD=ASFV ;DBQ D=O_<LBVÌ<GD << >G<CS>R C<PSDR A N;ASD[ C<PSD =LOF[YFB<CCD<R LF< \< N;DAED_BD ] L<=Q ^SD D=O_<LB<CA<R >CA[>@AV ^S> <FSQ C< PSD ACD<R ?>? SD F>[D< >R PQ< =<bFSLOÌ<< C>P>BD D=O_<LBV<SXXX PSDc /AP<GDX HCD CAP<GD C< D=O_<LBV<SR DCD N;ACA[><S =;OGDGD E> FLD` =O_OX i;DFB<=AS< E> S<[R PSD N;DAFUD=AS NDFS<N<CCD F A=< ] C< U;AFSA>CF?DGD pDG>R > pDG> >;AFSDS<B<LF?DGDR C<ND=LA\CDGD N<;LD=LAG>S<BVR LYF_=>Ì<< S<[ FLDbFSLD[R PSD LF< N;DPA< FOI<FSL>R L [<CQ_CA` [>?FA[>BQCDb =BV CAU NDBCDSY WYSAV ] LDS FOSQ A=<A pB>G> L ^SA?< ,;AFSDS<BVR ? ?DSD;Db V L>[ ;<?D[<C=DL>B DW;>SASQFVR PSDWY LY F>[A OLA=<BA SDS SONA?R L ?DSD;Yb DC> L<=<SX 6BV=V C> C>_O S>WBA@OR VFCD S<N<;Q FS>CDLASFVR PSD A[<CCD C> [<FS<R C<N;DE;>PCD[ [<FS<R C>FB>\=<CAV o;OGDGDR o;OGDGDR ?DSD;Y[ [DGB> WY WYSQR FOI<FSLOb DC>R +<CIAC>R A ;>FNDB>G><SFV ^SDR O ,;AFSDS<BV VLCD [AZAP<F?D<R :<;UDLCD< 0OI<FSLDR ^S> C<ND=LA\C>V FZ<;>R AE ?DSD;Db LF< =LA\<CAVR CDFVS BA DCA U>;>?S<; AE[<C<CAVR ND;D\=<CAVR N<;<[<I<CAVR ;DFS>R N;<DW;>EDL>CAVR ABA ?>?Db ACDbR C<AE[<CCD AFUD=VSX iDF?DBQ?O C>FB>\=<CA< ^SD VLBV<SFV L ?D;C< o;OGA[R \<CIAC> FLVE>C> F pDGD[ ?O=> WDB<< C<NDF;<=FSL<CCDR C<\<BA LF<R PSD FN<?OBVSALCD< [Y_B<CA< >CSAPCDFSAR FB<=OV NOS<LD=CDb CASA SDGDR PSD ND==><SFV >;SA?OBV@AA BA_Q L S<;[AC>U WB>G> =BV P<BDL<?>R D?>E>BDFQ L FDFSDVCAA LYF?>E>SQX <BQ C>_<GD OP<CAVR AFFB<=OÌ<GD SDR PSD L ;>[?>U >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F> [D\<S WYSQ LYF?>E>CD A FZD;[OBA;DL>CDR A FDFSDAS ?>? ;>E L SD[R PSDWY DS=<BASQ > DS ,R FL<=V N<;LD< ? LDDW;>\><[D[OR > LSD;D< ] ? FA[LDBAP<F?D[OX aSD A[<CCD FA[LDBAP<F?D< FBO\AS DND;Db SD[OR PSD F=& BA pDGD[ ] ^SD C< LYEYL><S FD[C<CAbX aSD LDDW;>\><[D< 99 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII
DNA;><SFV C> DS;>\<CA< ND=DWCDGD L ND=DWCD[ ] [Y EC><[ C>L<;CV?>X 2<\=O S<[ > ND=>BD&S>?A NDLD= ? NOS>CA@< F S<[ S(A)R ND= ?DSD;Y[ DCD E>C<F<CD L S>WBA@OR A LACDb SD[O ZOC?@AV WYSAVX HS=<BASQR DS?B<ASQ AU =;OG DS =;OG>R DFS><SFV C>_=>P<bX 3[<CCD L ^SD[ NOC?S< NFAUD>C>BAE DSBAP<C DS NFAUDBDGAAX 3WD NFAUDBDGAV A <FSQ ^SD ;>E=<B<CA<R C< =DL<=<CCD< =D ?DC@>X 3 M<N<;QR PSDWY DS=DUCOSQ C<[CDGDR V NDELDB` F<W< N;DP<FSQ SDR PSD C>NAF>B =BV L>F C<?DSD;D< L;<[V C>E>=X />NAF>B D P<[c />NAF>B S>[R DS?O=> SDBQ?D A [D\CD GDLD;ASQ D B`WLAX 6DLD;ASQ D B`WLA ] PSD \R L >C>BASAP<F?D[ =AF?O;F< SDBQ?D ^SA[ A E>CA[>`SFVX 3 ?>? C< NDPOLFSLDL>SQR PSD L F;>LC<CAA FD LF<[ S<[R PSD FD L;<[<CA DS?;YSAV C>OPCDGD =AF?O;F> NDVLAB>FQ LDE[D\CDFSQ >;SA?OBA;DL>SQR ^SD PAFS>V NDS<;V L;<[<CAX MD CDLD<R PSD N;AC<F >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F ] P<[R LDE[D\CDR <GD NDVLB<CA< C> DN;<=<B<CCD[ ^S>N< C>OPCDGD =AF?O;F> A DWdVFCV<SFV ] ^SD NDCA[>CA< SDGDR PSD GDLD;ASQ D B`WLA O\< F>[D ND F<W< C>FB>\=<CA<X iD=SL<;\=><S ^SD SDS DFVE><[Yb Z>?SR PSD GB>LCD< N;<=NAF>CA<R ?DSD;D[O >C>BAEA;O<[Yb =DB\<C FB<=DL>SQ ] GDLD;ASQR PSD N;A=<S L GDBDLO ] A <FSQ ?;>SP>b_Ab NOSQ ? Lus $%#n#$R NOSQR ?DSD;Yb L LYF_AU FZ<;>UR B<\>IAU L DFCDL< ^SA?A ,;AFSDS<BVR C< A[<<S CO\=YX : DFCDL< Lus $%#n#$ B<\AS C< PSD ACD<R ?>? FBAVCA< > F S(A)X 4>EO[<<SFVR , =BV C>F E>G;>\=<CDR N<;<P<;?COSDX TSD C< EC>PASR PSD =DFS>SDPCD N<;<P<;?COSQ <GDR PSDWY DS C<GD CAP<GD C< DFS>BDFQX S(A) NDSD[O A DWDEC>P><S C>FB>\=<CA< \<CIACYR PSD pDGR ?>? V L>[ O\< F?>E>BR <IJ C< FD_F C>NAF>BX aSD ^SDR ND FOSA FLD ?D<c MD <=ACFSL<CCD<R PSD [D\CD C>NAF>SQ F<;Q<ECDGD ] =O_<LCD< NDFB>CA<R B`WDLCD< NAFQ[DX iFAUDBDGAP<F?A< UA[<;YR WB>GD=>;V ?DSD;Y[ LF< ^SD N;D=DB\>BDFQ S>? =DBGD ] V C< AE S<UR ?SD AU N;ACA[><S LF<& 177 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII ;Q<EX M<[ C< [<C<< C<NDCVSCDR NDP<[O SDS Z>?SR PSD [Y DWB>=><[ =O_DbR ND?>E>BFV WY [YFBA F?>C=>BQCY[ ] WO=Q ^SD =<bFSLAS<BQCD S>?X :<=Q WO=Q ^SD =<bFSLAS<BQCD S>?R FBDLD =O_> [D\CD WYBD WY N;A[<CASQ BA_Q ? SD[OR PSD NDELDBV<S FOI<FSLO ] SDPC<<R GDLD;VI<[O FOI<FSLO ] LY=<;\AL>SQ SDR PSD DC> L ^SD[ [A;< C< L FAB>U LYC<FSAR > ^SD N;<=NDB>G><SR PSD L [A;< ^SD[ =O_> ] PO\<FS;>C?>R PSD DC> ND N;A;D=< Z>CS>E[>SAPC>X , ^SD EC>PASR PSD =DFSDACFSLD =O_A ] L ^SD[ [A;< ] FDFS>LBV<S << S<;N<CA<R << FNDFDWCDFSQ [O\<FSL<CCD [A;O N;DSALDFS>SQX /<=>;D[ =D FAU ND; O FBDL> =O_> CA?DG=> ACDGD F[YFB> A C< WYBDX
3[<CCD E=<FQ R Z;>C@OEF?Ab R A N;A=<S [C< C> ND[DIQ ] C< N;DFSD N;<=BD\ALR ?>? ^SD ND;D` WYL><SR O=>PCO` D[DCA[A` ] C>N;A[<;R treuxR D(S) CAUR A teuxR =L>R =LD<{ $eu R [D\<SR A ;<AR [>BDK #"$eu $euR DC [D\<S [>BDR GBV=A_QR A [D\<S C>[ N;AGD=ASQFVR ] > N;DFSD NDELDBVV AFNDBQEDL>SQ FBDLD =O_>R >S<R ?>? FDELOPCYb B`WLAR a~h%R GB>GDBR ?DSD;YbR C< [<CVV N;DAECD_<CAV <GDR [D\CD F?BDCVSQ ND BA@>[K J >S<R u >S<R #" >S<X 0=SQ ^SD [D\CDR ?>? LA=AS<R BA_Q LDFNDBQEDL>L_AFQ NAFQ[D[R NDELDBVÌA[ [CDGD<R LNBDSQ =D ga~a#s ga~a#sK V CA?DG=> C<B`WAB LFPASR PSD <<R =O_AR FOI<FSLDL>CA< [D\<S D?>E>SQFV ND= ND=DE;<CA<[ ] S>? PSD FSDASR =DL<;AL_AFQ b>&EY?OR E>=O[>SQFVK > C< VLBV<SFV BA =O_> FB<=FSLA<[ B`WLAc :<=Q <FBA =O_> LF< LFS< >S< 1r>S<R NDB E=<FQ D?>EYL><SFV LDDWI< C< O =<BX iDB C< A=<S L FP<SX :F< N;DAFUD=VI<< CDFAS PAFSD UD[DF<?FO>BQCYb ] DS FBDL> h~hR [O\CAC> ] U>;>?S<;R PSD A N;DPASYL><SFV L AFSD;AA P<;CY[ ND W<BD[OX 0?>E>CCD< [CDb SDBQ?D PSD D S<;N<CAA A [O\<FSL<R F ?DSD;Y[A =O_> N;DSALDFSDAS [A;OR DSBAPCD N<;<?BA?><SFV F S<[R PSD NDELDBV<S ,;AFSDS<B` N;A=SA L FLD<[ AFFB<=DL>CAA N;A;D=Y pB>G> ? LYLD=OR PSD ?>\=D< AE N;<WYL>ÌAU L [A;< FOIAU C< [D\<S D;A<CSA;DL>SQFV L FLD<[ WYSAA C> BOP_<< FOI<<R C< F[<_AL>V N;A ^SD[ FLD< WB>GDR FDWFSL<CCD< WB>GDR F S<[R PSD AEBOP><SFV :<;UDLCY[ 0OIA[X MDR PSD ,;AFSDS<BQ C>EYL><S $R SDR ACY[A FBDL>[AR PSD EC>[<CO<S LDE[D\CDFSQ B`WDLCDb FLVEA [<\=O =LO[V ND=DWCY& [A FOI<FSL>[AR [D\<SR WO=OPA N;DVLB<CA<[ OFS;<[B<CAV ? 171 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII :<;UDLCD[O 0OI<FSLOR ;>FF[>S;AL>SQFV A ND= ACY[R SDBQ?D PSD [CD` N;<=BD\<CCY[ OGBD[ E;<CAV ] A[<CCD [O\<FSLD A ;<_A[DFSQ S<;N<SQ C<LYCDFA[Y< DSCD_<CAV F :<;UDLCY[ 0OI<FSLD[ FBO\>S ?>P<FSLD[R ND ?DSD;D[O =;OEQVR Z1FCR OEC>`S A LYWA;>`S =;OG =;OG>X :C<F<?FO>BQCYbR h%s&sexeR U>;>?S<; ND=DWCDb ^SA?A C>FSDBQ?D W;DF><SFV L GB>E>R PSD [C< UDS<BDFQ WY N;A=>SQ <[O F[YFBDLDb DSS<CD?R ?DSD;Yb C>UD=A[ [Y O 2DN>FF>C> L FS;>CCD[ FBDL<P?< H;BV ] h%"aR /<E=<_C<<X h%sexeR FOI<FSLDR NDSOFSD;DCC<< F<?FO>BQCD[OR LC<NDBDLD< ] LDS [O\PAC>R D ?DSD;D[ G;<EAB> =O_>X /D \<CIACY SD\< D?>EYL>`SFV LB`WB<CYR SD\< =O_A C`S L =O_<X aSD N;<=FS>LBV<S DC> FDWDbR S> =O_>R PSD B`WVS DCA LFÌ<[FV [O\PACDb =D [DEG> ?DFS ;SC<;< ] =O_>R AE ?DSD;Db A[ C<S AFUD=>c -O=> ^SD N;AL<=<S AUR ?>? C< ? SD[O NDFB<=C<[O ] V C<=>;D[ S>? GDLD;` ] ;OW<\OR PSD EDL<SFV ND&G;<P<F?A a%e$#aR ;OW<\OR G=< A[ N;A=<SFV LYFSONASQ L ;DBA [O\PACYc iDC<LDB< POLFSLOVR PSD NDN>BA L W<ELYUD=CD< NDBD\<CA<R LSD;V F<WV B`WDLCD L o;OGD[R AWD PSDWY WYSQ o;OGA[R EC>SQ F<WV o;OGA[ CO\=Y C<SR DC> F>[> FS>CDLASFV S<[ F>[Y[ FOI<FSLD[
UD[DF<?FO>BQCY[R ABA LC<NDBY[X aSDWY =O_> FO[ WYSQR [<\=O CEBAPA<R AU =AZ&Z<;<C@A;O`SX -DG=> \<CIACO C>EYL>`S \<CIACDbR t# |e~~e ] ^SD C< PSD ACD<R ?>? =AZ&Z>[>&@AVK << DW<FFB>LBAL>`SX a<[ FB>LCY \<CIACY L AFSD;AAR ?>? C< W<FFB>LVIA[A AU ;DFF?>ECV[Ac a<FSQ -D;C<BAAR [>S<;A 6;>?UDLR O CAUR ;>EO[<<SFVR C< DSCA[<_QX 6DLD;ASQ D SDb -D;C<BAA >C>BASA?>[ W<FNDB<ECDR A[ C> C<< C>NB<L>SQR CD ;>FF?>\AS< A[ D B`WDb =;OGDbR A ?>\=Yb F?>\<SR PSD =DFSDUL>BQCY[ =<SV[ << ^SD DSC`=Q C< NDb=<S C> NDBQEOK DCA C< N<;<FS>COS W>UL>BASQFV =D ?DC@> FLDAU =C<bX TSD BA_Q C>P>BD [D<GD NAFQ[>K PSD C>EYL><SFVR =BV NOIECDb B`WLAR VLAL_<bFV L SDS [D[<CSR ?DG=> UD[DF<?FO>BQCO` =O_<LCDFSQ FDL<;_<CCD E>NOFSABAR N;<=>BA C<[YFBA[D[O ?D_[>;O S>? C>EYL><[DGD Z<D=>BAE[>X /> O;DLC< ND=DWCDGD NDBASAP<F?DGD LY;D\=<CAV =DB\CD WYBD NDC<LDB< FS>SQ DIOSA[DR PSD FD FSD;DCY \<CIACY PSD&SD VLCD DWFSDVBD C< S>?X 172 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII 3EDW;<S<CA< ?O;SO>ECDb B`WLA LDLF< C< WYBD NBD=D[ SDGDR PSD L AFSD;AA N;ALYPCD DNAFYL>`S FU<[Db S<EAF&>CSAS<EAF&FACS<EX /A [>B<b_<GD FACS<E>R ;>EO[<<SFVR C< NDFB<=DL>BD ] => A C< FB<=O<SR FDWFSL<CCD GDLD;VR CA?DG=>X -O;SO>EC>V B`WDLQ N;DC<FB>FQ L AFSD;AA FL<;?>ÌA[ [<S<D;D[R > C> F[<CO W>;>UDB?> N;<FBDLOSDGD LDE;D\=<CAV >CSAPCYU =;<LCDFS<bX -O;SO>EC>V B`WDLQ S>? A N;<WYB> C<;>EG>=>CCDbX v>[<PO L F?DW?>U ] ?DG=> <=ACA@> FS>CDLASFV =LDA@ S> C<SX 1=ACA@YR =>\< CDLDbR AE =LDA@Y C< NDBOPASFVX Au|!e!unx ] ^SD LF<GD BA_Q D=C> AE N;<?;>FCYU G;<E ZABDFDZAAX -DG=> [<S<D; ?O;SO>ECDb B`WLA F GD;AEDCS> F?;YBFVR SDR PSD LL<;GBD << L WYBD< CAPSD\<FSLDR D?>E>BDFQ ;>EYG;>CD ND ACY[ CDS>[X oBV ^SDGD NDC>=DWABFV CA WDBQ_< CA [<CQ_<R ?>? C>OPCYb =AF?O;F ] C<PSD S>?D<R PSD ? >CSAPCY[ GANDS<E>[ D =O_< CA?>?DGD DSCD_<CAV C< A[<<SX 3 SDBQ?D SDG=> LDECA?><S NFAUD>C>BAER LDECA?><S ?>? DWd<?SAL>@AV SDGD Z>?S>R PSD GDLD;VI<< FOI<FSLD N;DLD=AS <IJ ?>?D<&SD L;<[VR WDBS>V LNOFSO`X i;DLD=AS L;<[V E> WDBSDLC E>LS;>_CAb =<CQ ^SDGD E>CVSAV ND;OPASQFV C<BQEVK N;DFOI<FSLO<S DCD ;DLCD FSDBQ?DR F?DBQ?D NDC>=DWASFV L;<[<CAR PSDWY LF< ;>E;<_ABDFQ ] A[<CCD ^SD C>F F L>[A A D\A=><S ] =<[DG;>ZAP<F?AX /D DSCD_<CAV [<\=O [O\PACDb A \<CIACDb C>B>=AS LDLF< C< ^SDX 6<CAb u;<b=> A FDFSDAS ?>? ;>E L SD[R PSD DC N<;LY[ ^SD FO[V N;DG;>[[>n TSD F>[Yb NDS<_CYb F?>PD? L WB>GDP<FSALD[ Z>;F< AFSD;AAn 3 ND?> DCR ^SDS NDLD;DSCYb
^NAED= =BASFVR O C>F FDU;>CV<SFVR LDE[D\CDR _>CF UDSQ ?;><[ GB>E> OLA=<SQR PSD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb o;OGDbR NDF?DBQ?O A[<CCD F CA[R F o;OGA[R \<CIAC> A[<<S =<BDX j F=` F<bP>F L>\CD< =DNDBC<CA< ? SD[OR PSD [Y FO[<BA N;<?;>FCD ;>EGBV=<SQ ;>CQ_<R CD FS>C<S <IJ VFC<<R ?DG=> [Y NDb[<[R ?>?A[ A[<CCD DW;>ED[ ^SD N;DAED_BDX />[ O=>BDFQ ;>EGBV=<SQ ] N;>L=>R SDBQ?D FD FSD;DCY [O\PACY ] PSD DC A[<<S =<BD C< F P<[ ACY[R ?>? F DWd<?SD[ >K L F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAVU DC ;<>BAEO<SR L ?DC<PCD[ ASDG<R 173 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII LF<GD BA_Q Z>CS>E[X />WB`=>SQ ^SD B<G?DR ?DC<PCD \<R O C<L;DSA?DLX ->? B`WVS C<L;DSA?Ac TSDS LDN;DF FS>B DSN;>LCY[ NOC?SD[X p;DF>B>FQ L GB>E> ?D;;<BV@AV F N<;L<;FAV[A ] PSD LF<G=> D?>EYL><S [D<[O > ND==<;\?OR NDF?DBQ?O ^SD > A <FSQ SDR PSDR ?>?DLY WY ^SA N<;L<;FAA CA WYBAR C>BA@D L ?>P<FSL< AU N;APACYX v>W>LCDR PSD NDC>P>BO u;<b= N;ANAF>B AU \<CIAC>[ &NDF[DS;AS< <GD M;A DNYS>X TSD BA_CAb ;>E ND=SL<;\=><SR PSD ?DG=> LY [O\PAC>R LY LA=AS< L N>;SC<;< SD F>[D<R PSD ND==<;\AL><SR ND==<;\AL><S C>;@AFFAP<F?AR L>F F>[AUX :NDFB<=FSLAA DWC>;O\ABDFQR S<[ C< [<C<<R PSD N<;L<;FAAR ?DSD;Y< OF[>S;AL>BA WYBD L C<L;DSA?>UR S>?DLY[A C< VLBV`SFVX /<L;DE ] ^SDR F?D; R > C< N<;L<;FAVX /<L;DSA?A BA_<CY FLDbFSL<CCYU N<;L<;S>[ P<;SX /<L;DSA?A BA_Q G;<EVS D CAUR PSD SDBQ?D <FS<FSL<CCD ] > ?>? <IJ C>_BA WY DCA =DFSON ? N>;SC<;Oc i<;L<;SYR F ?DSD;Y[A SDG=> C>P>BA P>FSD FS>B?AL>SQFVR ^SD ?>? ;>E S< B`=AR ?DSD;YU ,;AFSDS<BQ FS;<[ABFV AEW<G>SQ LD PSD WY SD CA FS>BDX :[<FSD SDGDR PSDWY DNA;>SQFV C> C>LY?AR FLVE>CCY< F DN;<=<B<CCY[ EC>CA<[R FD EC>CA<[ N;A;D=Y L<I BQCD< NDL<=<CA< C>N;V[O` E>[Y?>`SFV C> SDR PSD VLBV<SFV <GD AFSACDb ] C> <GD >[D;>BQCDFSQR a~h%a"# #X iDFS>LQS< DWB<P<CCD< O=>;<CA< C> N<;LYb FBDGR A LY F;>EO LBD\AS< L ^SD FBDLD =O_OR >S<K a~h%a"# #XXX , LDS A FB<=FSLA< ] O F<?FO>BQCDGD NDL<=<CAV <FSQ FLDA [D;>BQCY< CD;[YX 2D;>BQ F<?FO>BQCDGD NDL<=<CAV ND=;>EO[<L><SFV LF<[ S<[R PSD GDLD;ASFV DW A=<< pB>G>X p<=> BA_Q L SD[R PSDR GDLD;V NDC<LDB< D WB>G<R [Y N;AUD=A[ ? ->CSOR O ?DSD;DGD [D;>BQ DWC>;O\AL><S FLD< BA@DX TSD ?>? ;>E A NYS>BFV V L FS>SQ< ->CS F 0>=D[ N;D=<[DCFS;A;DL>SQ ] [D;>BQ N;AEC><SR PSD DC>R ND FOSAR [D;>BQ F>=AFSF?>VX iA_AS< FBDLD F>=AFSF?AbR SateR ?>? =O_< OGD=CD ] UDSAS< F WDBQ_Db WO?LYR PSDWY LDE=>SQ =DB\CD< C<FP>FSCD[O A=ADSOR W<E ?DC@> NAF>L_<[O C>
^SO S<[OR UDSAS< F [>B<CQ?DbR <FBA [D;>BQ DS ^SDGD LYAG;><SR S<[ WDB<<R PSD L FS>;DZ;>C@OEF?D[ FBDLD ^SD S>? A NAF>BDFQR > UDSAS< ] A LDLF< P<;<E WO?LO =R xateR ND?>EYL>V S<[ F>[Y[R PSD [D;>BQ E>?>CPAL><SFV C> O;DLC< =>R DCDR N;AP<[ ?DC<@ C>FSON><S =DLDBQ& 17w +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII CD WYFS;DX 3CY[A FBDL>[AR ;<PQ A=<S D C<LDE[D\CDFSA B`WLA A NDG;O\<CAA F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb L NDBCO` W<FF[YFBA@OR PSD CAF?DBQ?D C< O[<CQ_><S SDS ACS<;<FR ?DSD;Yb C>[ C>=B<\AS AFNYSYL>SQ ? o;OGD[OX -DG=> [Y GDLD;A[ D SD[R AE P<GD F?B>=YL><SFV C>FB>\=<CA< \<CIACYR NDF?DBQ?O DC> C< LFV E>CVS> [O\PACDb ] WDBQ_< SDGDR V F?>E>B WYR DC> A[ FDLF<[ C< E>CVS> ] PSD C>[ =<bFSLAS<BQCD L>\CD OEC>SQR S>? ^SD ?>? DWFSDAS =<BD FD EC>CA<[ O C<< F>[DbX 1FBA W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< P<[O&SD C>F C>OPABDR SD N;<\=< LF<[O SD[OR PSD G=<&SD S>[R L o;OGD[R PSD&SD EC><SX vC><SR AWD W>EA;O<SFV ?>? ;>E C> SP>ÌAUR AE ?DSD;YU FOWd<?S A F?B>=YL><SFVX TSDR D=C>?DR =><S NDLD= ? NOS>CA@<R NDF?DBQ?O B`WVI<[O LFS<R S;O=CD O=<;\>SQFV DS [YFBAR WO=SD PSD <[O C>=D =SQR DWI<AEL<FSCDX iDP<[O ,;AFSDS<BQ ?B>=<S L DFCDLO FLD<GD pDG> C<ND=LA\CO` FZ<;OR C> WB>GD ?DSD;Db ?>\=Yb AE C>F =DB\<C FS;<[ASQFV ? WB>GO FLD<[O FDWFSL<CCD[Oc iDSD[O PSD FZ<;> ^S>R V?DWYR FLD< WB>GD EC><SX :DS SDR W<E P<GD LL<=<CCYb C>OPCY[ =AF?O;FD[ AEdVC LYCO\=><S C>F DWDbSAFQX vC>SQ NDP<[O CA?>?Db CO\=Y C<SX : EC>CAAR DS ?DSD;DGD AEC>P>BQCD DSN;>LBV<SFV ,;AFSDS<BQR [Y WDB<< C< CO\=><[FVX aSDWY DWdVFCASQ ^ZZ<?SY G;>LAS>@AAR C>[ CA ? P<[O L[<CVSQ ?>[C` EC>CA< [<FS>R ?O=> DC =DB\<C ON>FSQX :[<CVV \ALDSCD[O =O_OR [Y =<[ EC>CA< >?SD[ S ND N;<A[O& I<FSLO ] ,;AFSDS<BQR ?>? LA=AS<R WYB C<=>B<? DS AFSACYR F SDb BA_Q DGDLD;?DbR PSD S<BD O C<GD FDE=>CD =BV >?SALCDFSAR ee$e#aR > ^CS<B<UAV ^SDGD S N;<WYL><S L FOWFS>C@AAR ?DSD;O` DC A[<CO<S =O_DbX ,C>BAE =><S BA_CAb NDLD= ? ^SDb NOS>CA@<R LDFFS>C>LBAL>V L FLDAU N;>L>U ?DC<PCO` N;APACOR NDELDBVV C>[ GDLD;ASQR PSD ;<>BQCDFSQR LD LFV?D[ FBOP><R L DSCD_<CAA GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL>R A[<CCD S>?DL>R SD <FSQ Z>CS>E[>SAPC>X 1FSQ BA L ^SD[ C<PSD S>?D<R PSD [D\<SR S>? ABA AC>P<R N;A& [A;ASQFV F C>OPCY[ =AF?O;FD[c 0OI<FSLO<SR FDGB>FCD >C>BASAP<F?D[O =AF?O;FOR \ALDSCD<R ?DSD;D< DWC>;O\AL><S L F<W< =>; ;<PA AR DWAS>V L DEC>P>Ì<[R D?>EYL><SFV <GD FOWd<?SD[X 0 ^SDGD [D[<CS> LF< 17* +>? .>?>C
1IJK GB>L> VII ;>EYG;YL><SFV =BV C<GD C> O;DLC< Z>CS>E[>R CD Z>CS>E[>R N;<?;>FCD ND==>Ì<GDFV ;>EBD\<CA`R =<[DCFS;A;OÌ<GDR PSDR =<bFSLOVR DC EC><S DW ^SD[ GD;>E=D WDBQ_<R P<[ =O[><SX /D ?DF[DBDGA`R =>\< L F>[YU DWIAU P<;S>UR C> ^SD[ LYFS;DASQ C< O=>FSFVX :F< =<BD L L<PCDb =LOF[YFB<CCDFSA S<;[AC> W<FFDEC>S<BQCD<X 0OI<FSLDL>CA< W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGD N;<=NDB>G><SFVR F>[D FDWDbR S<[R PSD G=<&SD L GDLD;VI<[ FOI<FSL< A[<<SFV C<PSD S>?D<R PSD EC><S WDBQ_< D C<[R P<[ DC F>[R CD ND=DWC>V [D=<BQ [A;>R ?DC<PCD \<R C<N;A<[B<[>X iFAUD>C>BAER DWVE>CCYb FLDO?AR C< VLBV<SFV ?DF[DBDGA SDPCD P<BDL<?O OLA=<SQ FDCR PSDWY N;<=FS>B <[O L<FQ UB>[R LFV FL>B?>R L ?DSD;Db <[O N;<=FSDAS ;>EDW;>SQFVR PSDR ;>EO[<<SFVR A =<S <GD =O_Db ] N;ASD[R <FBA ?SD&SD =O_A L C<[ C<SR =O_Db B`WA[DbX +<CIAC> [D\<S B`WASQ L [O\PAC<R ?>? V F?>E>BR BA_Q <GD FNDFDWCDFSQ LEGBVCOSQ L BA@D EC>CA` ] EC>CA`R ?DSD;D< D=O_<LBV<S <GD B`WDLQ` (thn #" >S<)X /D L DSCD_<CAA EC>CAVR ?DSD;D< C>=<BV<S <GD WYSA<[ (thn #" es )R =<BD DWFSDAS C< S>? N;DFSDR AWD FOI<FSLO<S C<PSD S>?D<R PSD [Y EDL<[ C>FB>\=<CA<[ A D P<[ C<LDE[D\CD F?>E>SQR [D\<S BA \<CIAC> F?>E>SQ D C<[ PSD&CAWO=Q ] [D\<S BA DC>R A[<CCDR F?>E>SQ D C<[ SDR PSD EC><SX v>L<;_>V B<?@A`R V ND=UD\OR ?>? LF<G=>R ? G;>CA@>[ SDGDR PSD [Db FOWd<?S NDBV;AEDL>BDK [D\CD BA NDFS>LASQ LDN;DF D SD[R PSD DC> D C<[ EC><Sc /> F>[D[ =<B<R ^SD SD \< F>[D<R PSD FN;DFASQR =<bFSLAS<BQCD BA S> NDG;>CAPC>V ZAGO;> ( e%~e)R ?DSD;Db DC> C>FB>\=><SFV ND SO FSD;DCO LF<S << F [O\PACDbR A ?DSD;O` VR DWDEC>P>V E>GB>LCY[ ,R A[<CO` Au %eR o;OGA[ ] =<bFSLAS<BQCD BA DC>R ZAGO;> ^S>R C<PSD EC><Sc 3WD \<CIAC> L ^SD[ DSCD_<CAA E>LAFAS DS o;OGDGDR C>UD=ASFV L <GD ND==>CFSL<R suge eR CAPOSQ C< [<C<<R P<[ [O\PAC>X o<bFSLAS<BQCD BA o;OGDb EC><Sc pYB C<?DG=> P<BDL<? ND A[<CA T[N<=D?B ] u;<b=R ?FS>SAR FFYB><SFV C> C<GD L;<[V DS L;<[<CAR NDBQEOVFQ <GD A[<C<[ L ?>P<FSL< FLD<GD ;D=> _SDND;> ] DS ?DSD;DGD =D_BD =D C>F LF<GD S;A FSAU>R AE ?DSD;YU ,;AFSDS<BQ =<SR D=C>?DR L>\CY< LYLD=YR ?DG=> GDLD;ASR PSD pDG VLBV<SFV =BV 17y +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII T[N<=D?B> F>[Y[ C<L<\<FSL<CCY[ AE LF<S C<C>LAFSAX 3[<CCD E=<FQ W<;<S C>P>BD U;AFSA>CF?D< N;<=FS>LB<CA< D ;>EL<;E>ÌAUFV C> C>[A B`WDLCYU UBVWVUX - FD\>B<CA`R D=C>?DR S>? =<BD C< ?B<ASFV ] L<=Q C< EC>SQ C<C>LAFSAR EC>PAS C< EC>SQ A B`WLAX 1FBA pDG C< EC><S C<C>LAFSAR SD T[N<=D?BO VFCDR PSD A D B`WLA DC EC><S ?O=> [<CQ_<R P<[ F[<;SCY<X 2D\CD F?>E>SQR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R PSD P<[ WDBQ_< [O\PAC> N;ANAF>SQ \<CIAC< SDGDR PSD NDELDBV<S F[<_AL>SQ << F pDGD[R SD <FSQ F S<[R P<[ DC>
C>FB>\=><SFVR S<[ [<CQ_< <GD C<C>LAFSQ (#" a# )R S<[ [<CQ_< DC ] C< FBOP>bCD< FDELOPA< ] <FSQ (#" es )R AR NDF?DBQ?O B`WLA W<E C<C>LAFSA C< WYL><S ] S<[ [<CQ_< DC B`WASX 13 [>;S> 1973 GD=>X
VIII /<C>LB`WB<CCDFSQX vC>CA< DW AFSAC<X /<FOI<FSL<CCDFSQ Z>BBAP<F?Db ZOC?@AAX 2ABDF<;=A< u;<b=>X />FB>=ASQFV EC>CA<[X p<FFDEC>S<BQCD< A \<CIAC>X :DDW;>\><[D< S(A) AFSACCD< ;<>BQCDFSQ u
177 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII
0A[LDBAP<F?D< ND=DWA< >
4<>BQCD<
j WYB WY ;>=R <FBA WY LY C> SDR PSD V GDLD;`R ?>?&SD ;<>GA;DL>BAR =>\< LDE;>\>BAX : N;D_BYb ;>E V ND?ACOB >O=ASD;A` DW<FND?D<CCY[R PSDWY C< F?>E>SQ WDBQ_<X i<;<PSV F?>E>CCD<R V C>_ [D<[ VEY?< ^SD EC>PASR PSD V FDWD` LNDBC< =DLDB<CX j WYB WY C< N;DSALR D=C>?DR <FBA WY ?SD&CAWO=Q =>B [C< NDCVSQR PSD DC UDSQ PSD&CAWO=Q NDCVBX 0SDAS ;O?< ND=CVSQFVR A V SOS \< ^SDb ;O?<R S>? F?>E>SQR N;<=DFS>LB` FBDLDX j LA\OR \ÌAU C<SX :A=CDR N;A=<SFV [C< N;D=DB\>SQX 1 MDR PSD V DUDSCD C>EL>B WY F<GD=CV C<C>LB`WB<CCDFSd`R A[<CCD NFAUDC>BAE FO[P<FSL< N;ALAB<GA;DL>CCDb EDCY FLD<GD DNYS>X TSD FS>BD
17e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII F <GD FSD;DCY =<[DCFS;>@Ab=A DC =BV C<GD WDB<< O=>PCYb S<;[ACR P<[ LY[D;DPC>V >[WAL>B<CSCDFSQR ?SD EC><SR WYSQ [D\<S L ^NDUO FLD<GD LDECA?CDL<CAV DC F[DG WY NDBOPASQ WDB<< EC>PAS<BQCYb ;<EDC>CFX , [D\<S WYSQR SD WYB> F <GD FSD;DCY N;DFSD F?;D[CDFSQX : N;D_BYb ;>E V E>[<SABR PSD u;<b= C< FBOP>bCD W<;<S C> LDD;O\<CA< AE;<P<CA< T[N<=D?B>R GB>FVI<<R PSD pDGR =DB\CD WYSQR AE LF[D< C<L<\<FSL<CCD<R AWD HC C< EC><S C<C>LAFSAX i;DWB<[> B`WLA FLVEYL><SFV S<[ F>[Y[ F N;DWB<[Db EC>CAVX j =DW>LAB S>?\<R PSD U;AFSA>C< DW;>SABA ^SD DSFOSFSLA< L pDG< C<C>LAFSA L N;AEC>? B`WLAX 1FBA ^SD L<?>[A ND==<;\AL><[D< N;<=FS>LB<CA< D?>E>BDFQ DW[>CPALY[ A C>[ F<GD=CV N;AUD=ASFV LCDLQ DW;>SASQFV ? ZOC?@AA EC>CAVR SD =<BDR [D\<S WYSQR ?>? ;>E L SD[R PSD L C<[ C< WYBD [<FS> C<C>LAFSAX 6DLD;ASQ DW ^SD[ =<bFSLAS<BQCDR NDUD\<R C< FBA_?D[ N;AVSCDX :DS NDP<[O V E>?DCPAB B<?@A` Z;>EDbK 2DB<CD F?>E>SQR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R PSD P<[ WDBQ_< [O\CAC> N;ANAFYL><S \<CIAC< SDGDR PSD NDELDBV<S << NOS>SQ F pDGD[R SD <FSQ F S<[R P<[ DC> C>FB>\=><SFVR ] LFND[CAS< FU<[OR ?DSD;O` V =>B L>[ C> N;D_BD[ E>CVSAA ] S<[ [<CQ_< <GD C<C>LAFSQR A D=CDL;<[<CCD S<[ [<CQ_< DC <FSQR SD <FSQR L =>CCDb FASO>@AAR S<[ [<CQ_< DC B`WASX 2C< \>BQ WYBD FS>LASQ C> ^SD[ SDP?OR CD ^SDR S<[ C< [<C<<R PAFS>V N;>L=>X :DS NDP<[O F<GD=CV [C< LCDLQ UDP<SFV L<;COSQFV ? SD[OR PSD NDELDBV<SR C> N<;LYb LEGBV=R FNOS>SQ [<\=O FDWDb AFSACCD< A ;<>BQCD<X 3FSACCD< C>@<B<CD C> ;<>BQCD< ] ^SD LYF?>EYL>CA< N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb NBD= NDFS<N<CCDGD ;>EL<CP>CAV [CDGDPAFB<CCYU N;<S<CEAb C> AFSACOX 6=< WY AFSAC> CA VLBVB>FQR G=< WY CA NDB>G>B> DC> F<WV L ?>P<FSL< A=<>B>R CDFAS<B<[ ?DSD;DGD [D\<S FS>SQ FBDLDR =DFSAPQ << C< S>? N;DFSDX aSD ?>F><SFV >C>BAE>R SD DCR L BOP_<[ FBOP><R ;>FFPASYL><S BA_Q C> SDR PSD C> DFCDL< NFAUD>C>BASAP<F?DGD DNYS> [D\<S FZD;[A;DL>SQFV DW AFSAC< C<?DSD;D< EC>CA<X : N;<=BD\<CCDb [CD` WO?L<CCDb ZD;[OB< >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F> > FSDAS LL<;UO FB<L>R DNA;>VFQ C> ;>FNDBD\<CCD< ND= P<;SDb S2R SD <FSQ C> EC>CA<R E>CA[>Ì<< [<FSD AFSACYX 3[<CCD F ^SDb NDEA@AA DW;>I><SFV DCD ? zR N;A& 179 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII :D=V L ;<EOBQS>S< ? NDVLB<CA` S1 R DEC>P>Ì<GDR WB>GD=>;V ?DSD;D[O DSCD_<CA< FOWd<?S> ? AFSAC< [D\<S C>bSA FLD< ;>E;<_<CA<X
0U<[> >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F>
3FSAC>R ND FOSA =R L<=<S C>P>BD DS G;<P<F?DGD >B<&S ] S<;[ACR D ?DSD;D[ FSDBQ?D ;>E[Y_BVB }>b=<GG<;X E~e R FDDSL<SFSLOÌAb <L;<bF?Ab S<;[ACR AFNDBQEDL>BFV N<;LDC>P>BQCD L `;A=AP<F?D[ F[YFB<R DS ?DSD;DGD DFS>BQCY< EC>P<CAV VLBV`SFV N;DAELD=CY[AX :NBDSQ =D C>_AU =C FO=< N;DFVS GDLD;ASQ AFSACOR CAP<GD ?;D[< AFSACY AR WDBQ_< SDGDR ND LDE[D\CDFSA LF` AFSACO ] ?>?R OLYR FO[<<S DC ^SD F=SQc HS C<GD S;<WO`SR PSDWY DC F?>E>B AFSACCO` N;>L=O ] LF` N;>L=O D SD[R PSD EC><SX H=C>?D P<GD L FO=<WCYU FLA=<S<BQF?AU ND?>E>CAVUR WDB<<R P<[ L ?>?AU&BAWD =;OGAUR =<bFSLAS<BQCD AIOSR S>? ^SD LDE[D\CDFSA FO=ASQ D SD[R ?>? DWFSDAS =<BD F <GDR FLA=<S<BVR C>FB>\=<CA<[X />FSDVI>V @<BQ L SD[R PSDWY E>FS>LASQ C>FB>\=<CA< FDEC>SQFV L F<W< ] > EC>PASR FDEC>SQFV L SD[R PSD FDEC>SQFV L F<W< DCD C<FNDFDWCDX 3F?D[>V AFSAC> B<\AS A[<CCD E=<FQ ] DC> FDDSC<F<C> F E>?DCD[R ?DSD;Yb C>FB>\=<CA< ;<GOBA;O<SX : FLVEA F ^SA[ A LDECA?><S ?>? ;>E FZD;[OBA;DL>CC>V ->CSD[ N;DWB<[>K ?>? =DB\<C NDFSONASQ FLDWD=CYb P<BDL<?R ?DG=> <[O N;<=B>G>`S LF<LDE[D\CY< C>FB>\=<CAV L DW[<C C> LY=>PO SA;>CO L;>G>R L ?DSD;D[ SDS A[<<S LF< DFCDL>CAV LA=<SQ FDN<;CA?>X 0B<=O<S BA AE A[N<;>SAL>R GB>FVI<GDR PSD CAPSD N>SDBDGAP<F?D< L[<_AL>SQFV L FLA=<S<BQFSLD C< =DB\CDR PSD FLDWD=CYb P<BDL<? =DB\<C F?>E>SQ SA;>CO N;>L=OR =>\< <FBA S<[ F>[Y[ DC <[O <GD L;>G> A FDN<;CA?> LY=>FSc /<=DL<;A<R ?DSD;D< LCO_><S C>[ LF<[ NDBD\AS<BQCYb DSL<S ->CS> C> ^SDS LDN;DFR DWOFBDLB<CD S<[R PSD LFV N;>L=> ] << LYF?>E>SQ C<BQEVX , <FBA A [D\CDR SD BA_Q C< =DGDL>;AL>V =D ?DC@>R [<\=O FS;D?X /D ?DG=> ;<PQ A=<S DW AFSAC<R C>[ FLVEYL><S ;O?A <IJ ?D<&PSD ] C>FB>\=<CA< N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb C<PSD N;<=<BQCD<X TSD DWOFBDLB<CD SDb FS;O?SO;DbR ?DSD;O` V DNAF>B L 117 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII FLD< L;<[VR ;AFOV FLDA P<SL<;DCDGA< FU<[Y ] DW;>SASQFV ? C>FB>\=<CA`R C>N>FSQ C> <GD FB<=R GDLD;ASQ D C<[R ;>WDS>SQ C>= CA[ [D\CD BA_Q AFUD=V AE ND=DWAVX o>\< B`WDLQR ?>? V ND=P<;?AL>B L N;D_BYb ;>ER DW;>I><SFV BA_Q ? ND=DWA`X j GDLD;AB =>LR PSD ? o;OGD[O =>CD N;AWBAEASQFV BA_Q NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O DC FDN;V\<C F >R N;APACDb \CAV ] <FBA ^SD S>?R SD DW;>I><SFV DC SD\< LF<GD BA_Q ? ND=DWA` WYSAVX pYSA< ^SD CAP<GD FDWD` C< N;<=FS>LBV<SX 2Y BA_Q N;<=NDBD\AS<BQCD C>=<BV<[ A[ SDS DWd<?SR PSD A[<CO<SFV O C>F >X /< =DB\CD BA C>[ LCDLQ C>bSA S<N<;Q ^SDS FB<=R DSLÌAbR ?>? S>?DLDbR P<[O&SD LDDW;>\><[D[Oc TSD LDDW;>\><[D< DWDEC>P><SFV O [<CV E>GB>LCDb /R N<;LDb WO?LDb S<;[AC> LDDW;>\><[D< (#~ax#na#%e)X HWd<?S&
N;APAC> \CAV DWB>P<C L DW;>E C>F F>[AUK A[<CCD A[ ND==<;\AL><SFV P>I< LF<GD ] C> P<[ A NDFS;D<C NFAUD>C>BAE ] DWd<?SC>V FLVEQX 4D=FSLDR FLVEYL>Ì<< > F <GD DWDBDP?DbR VLBV<SFV =BV NFAUD>C>BAE> D=CA[ AE OEBDLYU [D[<CSDLX v=<FQ N<;<= C>[A SD F>[D<R L P<[ FO[R L N;AC@AN< E>ND=DE;ASQ C=CD<X 3[<CCD E=<FQ 4<>BQCD< F<WV DWC>;O\AL><SX 4<>BQCD< C< [D\<S WYSQ LNAF>CD AC>P<R C<\<BA ?>? SONA?R L ?DSD;Yb E>UD=AS ZD;[>BAE>@AVX :DS NDP<[O V ;<_ABR PSD F[D=<BA;DL>SQ <GD [D\CDR DNA;>VFQ C> ZD;[>BAE>@A` [>S<[>SAP<F?O`R ?DSD;>V N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb F>[O` ;>ELASO` FAFS<[O ;>E;>WDS?A EC>P<CAVR ?DSD;>V FDE=>C> P<BDL<P<FSLD[ C> F<GD=CV_CAb =<CQX 2>S<[>SAP<F?>V ZD;[>BAE>@AV EC>P<CAVR D ?DSD;Db V GDLD;`R N;DSALC> F[YFBOR A=<S <[OR <FBA [D\CD S>? LY;>EASQFVR C>N<;<?D;X TSD CAP<GD C< EC>PASR E> ^SA[ CAP<GD C< FSDAS ] A[<CCD L S>?AU LY;>\<CAVU GDLD;VS D [>S<[>SAP<F?AU ZD;[OB>U FDL;<[<CCY< ZABDFDZY [>S<[>SA?AR =>\< <FBA DCAR ?>? 4>FF CA[>`SFV [>S<[>SA?Db F>[AX 3 LF< \<R ND F;>LC<CA` F ZABDFDZA N;DSALD;<PAbR =A>B<?SAP<F?A N;<D=DB<L><[YU A=<R ;<>BQCDFSQ ?DSD;DGDR ND FOSA =R CA?>?A< Z>?SY C< ND=SL<;\=>`SR ] [D\<S WYSQ A[<CCD ZD;[OBY [>S<[>SA& 111 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII P<F?Db BDGA?AR DNA;>ÌA<FV <=ACFSL<CCD C> NAFQ[DR ?O=> BOP_< NDFBO\>S DNAF>CA` >C>BASAP<F?DGD N;D@<FF>R G=< DWC>;O\AL><SFV SDR PSD VLBV<SFV C<LA=A[Db DND;Db Sc 1FBA WY CO\CD WYBD NDVFCASQ ^SD L DW;>ECDb ZD;[<R V N;<=BD\AB WY L ?>P<FSL< ABB`FS;>@AA VLB<CA<R ?DSD;D< WBA\< LF<GD FDDSL<SFSLO<S L N;A;D=< SD[O FL<=<CA` ? <=ACFSL<CCD[O AE[<;<CA`R AE[<;<CA` NDL<;UCDFSAR ?D& SD;DGD S;<WO<S DS C>F NAFQ[DR A ?DSD;D[O AEO[BVBFV L FLD< L;<[V <IJ 0NACDE> ] SO ;>WDSO NAFQ[>R PSD N;D=<BYL><S N;V=OIAb FLD` N>OSACO N>O?X iDAFSAC< PO=<FCD< E;<BAI<K C>WB`=>SQR ?>? L<SLVSFV C> LY;>FS>ÌCCDGD FOI<FSL> NDL<;UCDFSA S;><?SD;AA NAFQ[> A LDDPA` G;>CA@Y A SONA?AR G=< DFOI<FSLBV<SFV N<;<UD= ;<>BQCDGD L FA[LDBAP<F?D<X :DS NDP<[O C< BA_CA[ WYBDR V =O[>`R LDFNDBQEDL>SQFV S>?A[A WO?L<CCY[A DWDEC>P<CAV[AR ?>? >R zR DEC>P>Ì<<R ,R uX M>?A< E>NAFAR C< LYUD=V E> G;>CA@Y =<bFSLAV VEY?>R DW;>EO`SR S<[ C< [<C<<R C<?O` B<\>IO` ND SO FSD;DCO ;<PA DND;OX <CCDFSQ << L SD[R PSD DC> NDELDBV<S FDF;<=DSDPASQ FA[LDBAP<F?D< ] N;A OFBDLAAR PSD [Y A[ O[<<[ LDFNDBQEDL>SQFV ] S>?A[ DW;>ED[R PSD DCD WO=<S E>?B`P>SQ L F<W< SDBA?O AFSACYK C< AFSACYR ?DSD;>V N;<S<C=O<S C> NDBCDSOR > AFSACO C<=DF?>E>CCDFSAR AFSACOR DFS<;<G>ÌO`FV N;AEC>CAV ?>? DGCVR AFSACOR ?DSD;>VR ND DSCD_<CA` ? N;APAC< \CAVR
LF<G=> DFS><SFV C>FSD;D\<X
2 ,C>BAE AFUD=AS AE SDGDR PSD \CA< LNAF>CD L C<PSD FBOP>bCD< ] FBOP>bCCD<R DWOFBDLB<CCD< S<B<FCDFSQ`X />ND[C` L>[ N;<=BD\<CCYb [CD` O=DWCYb FNDFDW GDLD;ASQ D FBOP>bCDFSAX u>BBDFR ^SDSR L >C>BAE<R ?B`P<LDbR N;<=<BQCYb [D[<CS SDGDR PSD E>VLBV<S D F<W< L ?>P<FSL< N;APACY \CAVR ] >C>BASAP<F?>V N;>?SA?> <GDR ^SDS Z>BBDFR N<;<FS><S C< NAF>SQX 3[<CCD L ^SD[ N<;<FS><S C< NAF>SQFV A E>?B`P><SFV SDR PSD V C>A[<CDL>B FBOP>bCDFSQ`X ,C>BASAP<F?>V N;>?SA?> C>S>B?AL><SFV E=<FQ C> FLD` G;>CA@OR AWD LF<R PSD DC>R FDGB>FCD [D FL<SR ^SD S1X :Y ND[CAS< C>=<`FQR 112 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII F?DBQ?D _O[O C>=BD L N;D_BYb ;>E [D< E>VLB<CA<R PSD S 1 ] ^SD C< PSD ACD< ?>? C>FB>\=<CA< A=ADSF?D<R N;AP<[ L DWDAU F[YFB>U ^SDGD FBDL>K ?>? C>FB>\=<CA< A=ADS>R L ;>FUD\<[ F[YFB<R A ?>? C>FB>\=<CA< >WFDB`SCD FLD<DW;>ECD<X /<DWUD=A[D< ?>? S>?DLD<R necessa#%eR DN;<=<BV<SFVR C>N;DSALR P<;<E N< cesse$asR SD <FSQ C< N;<FS><SX /<N;<FS>CCDFSQ C<DWUD=A[DFSA E>?B`P><SFV L SD[R PSD DC> C< N;<FS><S NAF>SQFVX 3[<CCD ? ^SDb C<DWUD=A[DFSA A N;ALD=AS C>FR DP<LA=CDR >C>BAER ?DG=> GDLD;AS D Z>BBDF<X aSD ?>F><SFV C< N;<FS><S C< NAF>SQFVR SD ^SDR C>N;DSALR ZD;[OB> C<LDE[D\CDGD ?>? <GD DN;<=<BV` V ] SDGDR PSD L B`WD[ FBOP>< E>NAF>CD WYSQ C< [D\<SX 0<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV A[<CCD S>?DLY ] DCA C< N;<FS>`S C< NAF>SQFVX HSF`=> FB<=O<SR PSD N;<FBDLOS>V C<DWUD=A[DFSQ Z>BBAP<F?Db ZOC?@AA DWD;>PAL><SFVR C> NDL<;?OR FBOP>bCDFSQ`X 3[<CCD L ?>P<FSL< ;>ECDLA=CDFSA ^SDb FBOP>bCDFSA N<;<FS><S DC> C< NAF>SQFVX 0BOP>bCDFSQ` V C>EYL>` SDR PSD FLD=AS F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV =BV GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL> LF<GD BA_Q ? ;<\A[O LFS;<PAX .A_Q L ?>P<FSL< ND=DWCDb FBOP>bCDFSA Z>BBDFR WYL_Ab L >CSAPCDFSA =DFSDVCA<[ [AFS<;AbR N<;<FS>BR WB>GD=>;V NFAUD>C>BAEOR C< NAF>SQFVX MDBQ?D A LF<GDX : DWB>FSQ C<N;<FS>CCDGDR DWB>FSQR L ?DSD;Db @>;VS C<DWUD=A[DFSQR F D=CDb FSD;DCYR AR C>= C ?>E>CX aSD ?>F><SFV AFSACCDGDR SD FLDbFSL<CC>V <[O C>FSD;D\<CCDFSQ ND DSCD_<CA` ? LDDW;>\><[D[O FWBA\><S <GDR ?>? E=<FQ LYVFCV<SFVR F >C>SD[A<bX M;A S<;[AC>R DWDEC>P<CCY< [CDb C> FU<[< ?>? aR S(A ) A uR N;<=FS>`S O [<CVR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R L L<FQ[> C<N;AGBV=CD[ LA=<X :F< DCA LNAFYL>`SFV L S;<OGDBQCA?R L<;_ACY ?DSD;DGD DW;>EO`S :DDW;>\><[D<R 0A[LDBAP<F?D< A
4<>BQCD<X 0N;>L> ] B<\>I>V L DFCDL< N;AC@AN> O=DLDBQFSLAV SDBA?> ;<>BQCDFSAR L FABO ?DSD;Db LF<R ? P<[O C>[ L ;<>BQCDFSA NDELDB<CD N;A?DFCOSQFVR DFS><SFV O?D;<C<CD L Z>CS>E[<X , ;>FNDBD\<CCD< FB<L>R C>N;DSALR S(A) ] PSD ^SDR ?>? C< S> C<FNDFDWCDFSQ LYF?>E>SQ AFSACO @<BA?D[R D ?DSD;Db V SDBQ?D PSD GDLD;ABc 113 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII 3R C>?DC<@R FA[LDBAP<F?D<K D;A<CSA;OVFQ C> ;<>BQCD<R DCD =<[DCFS;A;O<S C>[ AFSACCO` N;A;D=O DWd<?S> >X HN;<=<BAL <GD SDBQ?D PSD ?>? ND=DWA< WYSAVR V F=B ^SD A[<CCD NDSD[OR PSD DCD =><S WYSA` ?>\OIO`FV DND;OX :EGBVCOL C> ZABDFDZF?A< NDFS;D<CAVR ?>F>ÌA<FV WYSAVR A =>\< FOICDFSAR ?DSD;Y< [Y C>UD=A[R F?>\<[R O ,;AFSDS<BVR L FL<S< >C>BASAP<F?DGD DNYS>R [Y DWC>;O\A[R PSD ;<PQ C<AE[<CCD A=<S DW DWd<?S< >X 0DE<;@>CA< ] O ,;AFSDS<BVR C>N;A[<; ] C>N;V[O` FLVE>CD F S<[ F>[Y[ LEGBV=D[R PSD ZAGO;A;O<S O [<CV L a<SY;C>BAE> ?>? D=C> AE P<SY;CAVX /> ^SDb G;>ZAP<F?Db FU<[< ] V C< GDLD;`K G;>Z<R NDSD[O PSD ^SD S<;[ACR A[<ÌAb L [>S<[>SAP<F?Db BDGA?< FS;DGD DN;<=<B<CCD< EC>P<CA< ] C>GBV=CD LA=CY FDDSL<SFSLAVR L ?DSD;YU ;<>BQCD< N;<=FS><S ?>? EAVCA< [<\=O ND=DWA<[R N;DAFS<?>ÌA[ AE FA[LDBAP<F?DGDR F D=CDb FSD;DCYR A ;<>BQCDFSQ`R F =;OGDb ] ;<>BQCDFSQ`R E>VLBVÌN;>LBVV B`= ND;DG< ;D\=<CAV D?>EYL><SFV [<;SLD;D\=<CCY[ (%&e'()r'e)X 3R C>?DC<@R S;<SQV FSD;DC> S;<OGDBQCA?>R >X vC>[<COV FDWDbR L DWI<[R L<;CD< C>N;>LB<CA<R ^SD >R ?DSD;D<R ?>?&CA?>?R P<[&SD VLBV<SFVR [DGBD WYR ND^SD[OR FDbSA E> WYSA<X H=C>?D PSD DCD FDWDb N;<=FS>LBV<SR LYVFCV<SFV BA_Q SDG=>R ?DG=> DCD DWC>;O\AL><S FLD` C<FDFSDVS<BQCDFSQR FLD` C<FNDFDWCDFSQ O=<;\>SQFV C> ND=FSON>U ? ;<>BQCD[OX 3FSACCD<R S>?A[ DW;>ED[ ] ?DC<PCD \<R LDS DCDX p<=> BA_Q L SD[R PSD N;AWBAEASQFV ? C<[O [D\CD BA_Q ?DFL<CCY[A NOSV[AR AFND=LDBQX ,N<BBA;DL>SQ ? AFSACCD[OR ?>? ^SD P>FSD C>[ N;AUD=ASFV =SQR DEC>P><S LF<GD BA_QR PSD C< C>=D DW[>CYL>SQFV A =O[>SQR WO=SD G=<&G=<R > L DWB>FSA ND=DWAb C>[ WYSA< E>;>C<< DW<FN<P<CDX i;<\=< P<[ GDLD;ASQ D ND=DWAAR ^SD[ S;>[NBAC<R F ?DSD;DGD FDL<;_><SFV N;Y\D? L Z>CS>E[R C<DWUD=A[D N;DL<FSA FS;DGD< ;>EBAPA< [<\=O LDDW;>\><[Y[ A ;<>BQCY[X /A L ?D<[ FBOP>< C< C>=D =O[>SQR WO=SD DND;Db ND=DWA` FBO\A[ [Y F>[AX 2Y =>\< A ND=DWA<[ C< VLBV<[FVX 2Y [D\<[ BA_Q N;A FBOP>< E>CVSQ <GD [<FSD ] G=< LD@>;V<SFV SDG=> PSDR LY =O[><S<c -DC<PCD \<R DWd<?S >X
11w +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII 4>FF[>S;AL>V LF< LA=Y =AF?O;FDLR ?DSD;Y< F<bP>F L UD=OR >C>BASA?D[ ] > ^SD C< N;>E=CD< A[<CDL>CA<R <FBA NDCA[>SQ >?S NDBCDL<FCDR ?>? <GD NDCA[>B ,;AFSDS<BQ ] VLBV<SFV SDSR ?SDR ND[<FSAL DWd<?S > C> [<FSD ND=DWAVR D?>EYL><SFV L NDBD\<CAAR NDELDBVÌ<[ <[O C>AWDB<< B<G?D F=SQ SDR PSD <[O ND=DW><S F=SQK E>=>SQFV ?>? WY F NDEA@AA EC>CAV LDN;DFD[ D SD[R ?>? DWFSDAS =<BD F AFSACDbX 3 aSD S>?D< EC>CA<c 0S;>CCDR PSD =D o<?>;S> LDN;DF D EC>CAA LDDWI< CA?DG=> C< FS>LABFVX 3 CO\CD WYBD VLASQFV NFAUD>C>BAEOR PSD LDN;DF ^SDS D?>E>BFV NDFS>LB<C E>CDLDX iFAUD>C>BAE F=B LF<DWIA[ =DFSDVCA<[ SDS Z>?SR PSD <FSQ EC>CA<R ?DSD;D< D F<W< C< EC><SR EC>CA<R CDFAS<B<[ ?DSD;DGD FBO\AS DEC>P>Ì<< ?>? S>?DLD<X 0CDLA=<CA< C< DSFYB><S C>F ? C<AFFB<=A[D[O DNYSOR ? [AFSA?<R DCD N;DPASYL><SFV L SD[R PSD D C<[ ;>FF?>EYL><SFVK LF<G=> [D\CD NDbSA =>BQ_< A ;>FF[>S;AL>SQ <GD =LOF[YFB<CCDFSA ?>? >C>G;>[[YX 3[<CCD ^SDS O;DL<CQ VEY?> NDELDBAB 0DFF`;O E>=>SQFV LDN;DFD[ D SD[R VLBV`SFV BA FS;>CCY< DFDW<CCDFSA F>SO;CDLYU FSAUDL NBD=D[ FDEC>S<BQCDGD E>[YFB> >LSD;DLX v=<FQ 0DFF`; N;DSVGAL><S ;O?O u;<b=OX 3 E=<FQ \< LDN;DF D EC>CAA LFS><S E>CDLDX i<;<b=<[R F L>_<GD NDELDB<CAVR ? =;OGD[O ;<GAFS;OR ;<GAFS;O =DW;D=<S<B CF?Db ;<BAGA[AR ?>? C< E>NDE=>BYb DSGDBDFD?R ;DFSD? U;AFSA>CF?DGD [ABDF<;=AVc 4>EL< C< [ABDF<;=CD WYBD FD FSD;DCY u;<b=> NDELDBASQ C<FP>FSCY[ GDLD;VIA[ FOI<FSL>[ OS<_ASQFV S<[R PSD <FSQR ?DBA W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< FOI<FSLO<SR C<PSD A[ S;>CF@<C=<CSCD<R =<bFSLAS<BQCD S;>CF@<C=<CSCD< ] WDB<< SDGDR PSD DCA LCOS;A ^SDGD S;>CF@<C=<CSCDGD DWAS>`SR AWD ^SD N;DFSD&C>N;DFSD AU VEY?c a<[R ?>? C< >?SD[ [ABDF<;=AVR WYBD WB>GDL<FSLDL>SQ A[ D SD[R PSD VEY? AFNDBC<C ;>EO[> L WDBQ_\<SFVR PSD DCA [DGOS L NDLF<=C<LCDb \AECA C> ^SDS ;>EO[ ;>FFPASYL>SQR A PSD C<=DFSA\A[Yb DWd<?S [O=;DFSAR ?DSD;Yb DC SI<SCD N;<FB<=DL>BR O CAU L ;O?>Uc /O\<C BA ^SDS DWUD=CDb NOSQR PSDWY NDFS>LASQ LDN;DF 11* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII D EC>CAA L ZD;[<K ?SD A[<CCD EC><Sc HS=><[ BA [Y F<W< DSP<S L SD[R PSD SDSR ?SD EC><S ] ^SD o;OGDbc o;OGDbR ?>?A[ V NDBD\AB <GD AEC>P>BQCD ] [<FSD N;<WYL>CAV DEC>P>Ì<GDX o;OGDbR W<E ?DSD;DGD CAPSD S>? A C< =>BD WY C>[ EC>SQR PSD FOI<FSLO<S G=<&SD AE[<;<CA< AFSACYR [<FSDN;<WYL>CA< F?>E> ] F?>E>R PQ< EC>CA< NDB>G><S o;OGDGD L ?>P<FSL< [<FS>X 0>[ FS>SOF EC>CAV
N;<=NDB>G><S ?>? S>?DLDbR PSD DCDR EC>CA<R L o;OGD[ O\< C>BA@D A <GD BA_Q C>=D DSSO=> _&LB<PQR _&OPASQX 0OWd<?S LDECA?><S L ;<EOBQS>S< SDGDR PSD EC>CA< ^SD =DB\CD WYSQ OFLD<CDR WDBQ_< SDGD ] D@<C<CDX H@<CAL><SFV \< DCD ND FLD NDS;<WAS<BQCDbX 0SDAS EC>CA< ;DLCD FSDBQ?DR LD F?DBQ?D DCD DWUD=ASFVR > DWUD=ASFV DCD C<=<_<LDR S>? NB>SASQ E> C<GD N;AUD=ASFV FLDSQFVR A[ C>FB>=ASQFVX : C>FB>\=<CAA ^SD[ E>LD<L>CA< EC>CAV LDEDWCDLBV<SFV LFV?Ab ;>ER ?DG=> DCD E>=<bFSLO<SFVR AWD LB>FSQR ?DSD;O` =><S EC>CA<R LF<G=> DW;>I<C> L FSD;DCO C>FB>\=<CAVX /A?SDR ?>? CA FS;>CCDR C< DWdVFCAB =D FAU ND; =DFS>SDPCD LCVSCDR PSD L<FQ F[YFB EC>CAV ?>? ;>E L ^SD[R PSD S;O=CDFSQR FLVE>CC>V F S<[R PSDWY NOFSASQ <GD L UD=R S> \< F>[>VR PSD S;<WO<SFV =BV <GD N;ADW;<S<CAVX 3 NDF?DBQ?O <FSQ C<PSDR PSD F ?>\=Y[ >?SD[ S>?DGD N;ADW;<S<CAV LCDLQ A LCDLQ NDLSD;V<SFVR P<BDL<? S>? A C< E>=><SFV LDN;DFD[ D SD[R ?>?D< A[<CCD NDLSD;<CA< LYOP<CCDGD FB<=O<S FPAS>SQ N<;LY[X 1FSQ S>?A< N;AWD;PA?AR ?DSD;Y< ;>WDS>`S W<E DFS>CDL?A FBDLCD [>B<CQ?A< [>_AC?A ] [Y AU EDL<[ ?D[NQ`S<;>[AX aSD ?D[NQ`S<; =O[><S ] ^SD V DUDSCD GDSDL =DNOFSASQX /D L ?>?D[ F[YFB< [D\CD F?>E>SQR PSD ?D[NQ`S<; EC><SR <FBA EC>CA< C> SD[ A EA\=<SFVR PSD C>FB>\=<CA< DS NOF?> <GD L UD= A C>FB>\=<CA< <GD DW;<S<CAV FDLN>=>`Sc v=<FQ [Y C<NDF;<=FSL<CCDR GD;>E=D WDB<< C<NDF;<=FSL<CCDR P<[ O 2>;?F>R FS>B?AL><[FV F NDS;<WAS<BQCDb FSDA[DFSQ` ] DC> A O 2>;?F> N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb BA_Q SO A=<>BQCO` ND DSCD_<CA` ? [<CDLDb FSDA[DFSQ` L<BAPACOR ? ?DSD;DbR L ?DC<PCD[ FP<S<R LF< FLD=ASFVX 11y +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII iDGDLD;A[ \< D CAU C<[CDGD ] D SCY C> DW[<C<X 3E SDGDR PSD 2>;?F EC>B D NDBASA?< ] > EC>B DC D CBD ] ""R S>? F?>E>SQR NDBQEY C< AELB<P<_QX MDPCD S>? \<R ?>? C<BQEV FZ>BQFAZA@A;DL>SQR/*r+,-eR EC>CA< u;<b=>X k\< F N<;LDGD LEGBV=> LA=CDR PSD <FBA ND=DWCYU NDEC>CAb C<SR SDR ?>? WY CA FS>;>BAFQ LY C> FDWFSL<CCD[ GD;Q?D[ DNYS< AU OFLDASQR SDB?O DS ^SDGD CA?>?DGD C< WO=<SX /A ^?FND;SOR CA A[ND;SO DCA VLCD C< ND=B<\>SX 1=ACFSL<CC>V F?DBQ&CAWO=Q FDBA=C>V ACZD;[>@AV ] ^SD ACZD;[>@AVR F?;D<CC>V ND [<;?< SDbR PSD N;<=C>EC>P<C> ? ONDS;<WB<CA`X /<S;O=CD F=SQ LYLD=R PSD EC>CA< C>UD=ASFV L o;OGD[R A WYSA` ("e %e) DWVE>CD ;>EL< S<[R PSD ^SD NDFB<=C<< VLBV<SFV CDFAS<B<[ <GD WO?LY ("e %e)X , DSF`=> FB<=O<SR L FLD` DP<;<=QR PSD WYSA< C<F<S F[<;SQ S>[R G=< WO?L> LDFN;DAELD=ASR CD WYSA< EC>CAVR LDFN;DAELD=A[D< <`R C< VLBV<SFV CA?DG=>
S<[ \< F>[Y[X :>[ NDCVSC> S<N<;QR V NDB>G>`R S> ZOC?@AVR ?DSD;Db V C>=<BV` WO?LO ND DSCD_<CA` ? EC>CA`X TSD ZOC?@AVR GDLD;V D ?DSD;DbR C< FB<=O<S SD;DNASQFV AFSDB?DLYL>SQ << L =OU< N;<FBDLOSDGD FDDWI<CAVX TSD ZOC?@AVR ?DSD;>V OND=DWBV<S WO?LO F<[<CA ] F<[<CAR ?DSD;D< FB<=O<SR <FBA L<;ASQ FDL;<[<CCDb [DB<?OBV;CDb ZAEADBDGAAR P<S?D DS=<BVSQ DS SR ND DSCD_<CA` ? ?DSD;D[O DCD VLBV<SFV CDFAS<B<[ L[<FS< \AECA A F[<;SAX 2>;?F A .<CACR u;<b= A .>?>CR C< DW;>EO`S L WYSAA N>;X 3 BA_Q WB>GD=>;V WO?L<R C>b=<CCDb A[A L o;OGD[R FB<=O`S DCAR ?>? FOI<FSL>R C>=<B<CCY< EC>CA<[R L N;<=NDB>G><[D[ o;OGD[ N>;>[AX /DLAEC> AU EC>CAV E>?B`P><SFV L SD[R PSD DCD C< N;<=NDB>G><S WDBQ_<R WO=SD o;OGDb D C<[ PSD& SD EC><S ] o;OGDbR ?DC<PCDR > C< SD FOI<FSLDR ;>EO[<<SFVR PSD F>& [DDSL<;\<CCDR @<CDb FDWFSL<CCDGD WYSAVR @<CDb =BV ?>\=DGD C< FSDBQ O\ [>BDbR UDSV A C< FBA_?D[ WDBQ_DbR ?>? ;>E A DW;>SABD o;OGDGD L WO?LOR PSDWY LYF?>E>SQ AFSACOX : DSCD_<CAA ^SAU FS>L_AU =BV C>F WO?LDb FOI<FSL V UDPO L>[ ?D<&PSD ND F<?;<SO NDL<=>SQX aSD WY L>[ D CAUR ? N;A[<;OR D .<CAC<R CA ;>FF?>EYL>BAR V C< =O[>`R PSDWY L \AECA AU WYBD [CDGD B`WLAR C<C>LAFSAR ABA C<C>LB`W& B<CCDFSAX 3 C<P<GD ?AL>SQ C> GDFND\O u;<b=X /> ^SDS FP<S 117 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII O [<CV <FSQ FLA=<S<BQFSLD fCG>X HC GDLD;AB N;>L=OX : ^SD[R ND\>BObR <GD W<=> ] DC SDBQ?D N;>L=O A GDLD;ABX k=<BD[ FOI<FSLR FS>L_AU DSW;DF>[A WYSAVR VLBV<SFVR F?D;<<R N;<E;<CA<X TSD FOI<FSL>R <FBA [D\CD S>? L _OS?O LY;>EASQFVR O@<C<CCY<X : C>_< L;<[VR L ^NDUO FON<;[>;?<SDLR N;D=O?S>[R =>\< ND P>FSA WYSAVR C< UO=D EC>SQ @<COX p<=> L SD[R PSD o;OGDbR [<FSDR CAP<GD C< EC><SX 1FBA pDG CAP<GD ] CAP<GD AE SDGD PSD N;DAFUD=AS ] C< EC><SR SD 1GD C<BQEV WDBQ_< C<C>LA=<SQX 4>CQ_<R ?DG=> [D\CD WYBD 1GD C<C>LA=<SQR [D\CD WYBDR NDF?DBQ?O HC C< NB>SAB C>[ C<C>LAFSQ`R ;>FFPASYL>SQR PSD HC C>F B`WASX aSDR LN;DP<[R CA?DG=> WYBD C< DP<LA=CDR ?>? CA FABABAFQ [CDGA< L ^SD L<;ASQX : E>?B`P<CA< SDGDR PSD V A[E>SQR [C< UDP<SFV N;<=BD\ASQ L>_<[O LCA[>CA` D=CO [YFBQR ?DSD;>V N;A_B> [C< C<=>LCD L GDBDLO A C<?DSD;D< L;<[V [<CV E>CA[>B>X />[ GDLD;VS DWYPCDR PSD };AFSDF NDFS;>=>BR PSDWY FN>FSA P<BDL<P<FSLD ] S>? LDSR [C< N;<=FS>LBV<SFVR PSD ;<PQ _B> F?D;<< D SD[R PSDWY FN>FSA pDG>R PSDWY D\ALASQR >?SO>BAEA;DL>SQ L B`=VU SO C<C>LAFSQ ? /<[OR ?DSD;>V C>P>BD WYBDR A C< FBOP>bCDR L CAU OG>F>SQX :DS NDP<[O L[<CVSQ P<BDL<P<F?D[O FOI<FSLO W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< WYBDR C> [Db LEGBV=R >?SD[ [ABDF<;=AVR ND;>EAS<BQCDGD [ABDF<;=AVX o>R FOWd<?SY ] DCAR ?DC<PCD \<R EC>`SX /D EC>`SR ?>?&CA?>?R =>B<?D C< LFJX 3 SDBQ?D o;OGDbR
C> ^SD[ ZDC<R C< EC><S ;<_AS<BQCD CAP<GDX 3[<CCD o;OGDbR PSQ&;<_AS<BQCD&CAP<GDR A LDNBDI><S FDWD` ^SD C<&LF<X /D SDG=> O=DWCD D?>EYL><SFV LDEBD\ASQ C> C<GD DSL<SFSL<CCDFSQ E> SDR PSD L >C>BAE< FS>CDLASFV VLCY[R UDSV CA?SD ^SDGD N;D=DB\><S C< E>[SQX , A[<CCDK <FBA BAWA=D WYL><S SDBQ?D [O\F?A[R SD =D;DG>V \<CIAC> BA_Q F [O\F?Db FSD;DCYR SD <FSQ DSSO=>R DS?O=> LA=AS << [O\PAC>R A N;<=FS>LBV<SFV @<BQCDbR LFR ;D=A[>VR DWB>=>SQ W<FFDEC>S<BQCY[X v>P<[ ? EC><[ [Y LF<R =BV SDGDR PSDWY E>FS>LASQ GDLD;VI<< FOI<FSLDR ?DSD;D< L =>CCD[ FBOP>< [D\<S WYSQ SDBQ?D [O\PACDbR GDLD;ASQX 3CY[A FBDL>[A ] C< EC>`R C>F?DBQ?D LY C> FC>BASAP<F& 11e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII ?O` S<D;A` UD;D_D NDCVBA ] PSDWY FOI<FSLDL>SQ AF?B`PAS<BQCD L ?>P<FSL< [>S<;AX TZZ<?SYR ?DSD;Y< [Y EDL<[ W<FFDEC>S<BQCY[R DC> =<bFSLAS<BQCD LYEYL><S ? \AECAR CD PSD ?>F><SFV W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGD << FDWFSL<CCDGD ] L SD[ ?;>bC<[ FBOP><R ?DG=> DC> C< C<F<S DSL<SFSL<CCDFSA E> W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< LF\=DGDR SD <FSQ L FBOP><R ?DG=> o;OGDbR F ?DSD;Y[ DC> A[<<S =<BDR WDBQ_Db o;OGDbR DS?>EYL><S ?D[ WY SD CA WYBD EC>CAAR NDSD[O PSD DC F>[R o;OGDbR EC><S S<[ [<CQ_<R P<[ S;O=C<< <GD FDWFSL<CCD< FOI<FSLDL>CA< ND==<;\>SQ ] PSD DW ^SD[ W<FFDEC>S<BQCD[ [Y [D\<[ F?>E>SQc HFS><SFV BA_Q FDGB>FASQFV F u;<b=D[R PSD DCD CA L ?D<[ FBOP>< C< A=<S NDBQEOX iD FLD<[O DWY?CDL<CA` V DWYG;>B L N;D_BYb ;>ER FDELOPA<R C<[CDGD N;ASVCOSD<R ?DC<PCDR E> O_AR [<\=O DC <FSQ A <GD C<C>LAFSQX 0=B V ^SD BA_Q =BV SDGDR PSDWY FN;DFASQ F<WVR C< N;AGD=ASFV BA ;> CD\CA@X HW ^SD[ A A=<S ?>? ;>E ;<PQR ?DG=> [Y GDLD;A[ D ?>FS;>@AAX aSD WYSA< ?>? S>?DLD< LYEYL><S C<C>LAFSQ ] ^SDGD AF?B`PASQ C<BQEVX -DC<PCDR LF< N;<=N;AVSA< ,;AFSDS<BV E>?B`P><SFVR C>DWD;DSR L SD[R PSDWY N;<=FS>LASQ WYSA< ?>? SDR NDF;<=FSLD[ P<GD FOIA<R C>=<B<CCY< WYSA<[ L [<CQ_FSCY L<;UDLCD[O FOI<[OX 0LVSD[O uD[< O=>BDFQ LL<FSA ^SD N;<=FS>LB<CA< L U;AFSA>CF?O` S;>=A@A` ] PSD C<O=ALAS<BQCDR A[<V L LA=OR PSDR ;>FN;DFS;>CVVFQ F;<=A VEYPCA?DLR U;AFSA>CF?>V [YFBQ NDC<LDB< D?>E>B>FQ VEYP<F?Db [YFBQ` NDBCDFSQ` FZD;[A;DL>C>R S>? PSD <[O DFS>L>BDFQ BA_Q LCDLQ ^SDS [CAE[ E>NOFSASQX /D DS=><[ BA [Y F<W< DSP<S L SD[R PSD LFV AO=<bF?>V S;>=A@AV A=<SR C>N;DSALR ^SD[O N;<=FS>LB<CA` C>N<;<?D;c .ACAV ;>E= C< N;DUD=AS E=<FQ [<\=O ;>EBAPCY[A FSON<CV[A FDL<;_<CFSL>X 2<C<< FDL<;_<CCD< N;<=FS>LBV<S E=<FQ FDWDb SDR PSD DCD <FSQR ;>=A?>BQCD< C<FDL<;_<CFSLDR A <[O DFS><SFV BA_Q NDLACDL>SQFV W<EDGDLD;DPCD SD[OR ?DGDR C< FPAS>V C<?DSD;YU =;OGAU FDNOSFSLOÌAU A[<CR EDLOS jUL<X HC F>[ AEW;>B FLDb C>;D=R A N<;<PASQ <[O C< GD=ASFVX
HSF`=> VFCD ?>? =<CQR PSD P<[ N;<=>L>SQFV C<C>LAFSAR GD;>E=D BOP_< N;A FBOP>< <GD N;<=>SQR A LDE[D\CDFSQ` ^SDb AO=<AR W<EOFBDLCDR LDFNDBQEDL>BAFQX 3[ N;DFSD CAP<GD WDBQ_< C< DFS>L>BDFQ =SQX 119 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII aSD ?>F><SFV C<C>LAFSAR SD DC> D=DB<L><S C>F =D S>?Db FS<N<CAR PSD CA?SD C< E>[<S GB>LCDGDK C<C>LAFSQR C>FSDVI>V C<C>LAFSQR DW;>I<C> C> WYSA<R C> F>[D WYSA<R N;AP<[ C< DWVE>S<BQCD C> WYSA< pDG>X 2Y LDEL;>I><[FVR S>?A[ DW;>ED[ ] A[<CCD L ^SD[ F[YFB< V A F?>E>BR PSD > VLBV<SFV ND=DWA<[ WYSAV ] ? NDCVSA` ] A E=<FQ NFAUD>C>BAER ?>? LF<G=>R C<[CDGD U;D[><S ] ? NDCVSA` ;<LCALDb C<C>LAFSAR C<C>LAFSAR N;DAFS<?>ÌLAFSBALDGD C>FB>\=<CAVR PSD AFNYS>B LEGBV= ,LGOFSAC>R E>LA=<L_<GD [>BY_> O [>S<;ACF?Db G;O=AX HCR C>WB`=>S<BQR VLBV<SFV L ^SDb F@<C< S;<SQA[X 3R GBV=V C> [>BY_>R DCR $a""#tusR WB<=C<<SR E>LA=VR ?>? SDSR chn"ac aneu~ suu~R FDF<S [DBD?D <GD [>S<;AX TSD C< PSD ACD<R ? FP>FSQ`R FDGB>FCD u;<b=OR ?>? N<;LAPCD< E>[<FSAS<BQCD< C>FB>\=<CA<R \CA< L [<SDCA[AP<F?D[ DWBA?<R LNAF>CCD< L N;<=NDBD\AS<BQCD<R >=;<FDL>CCD< o;OGD[O S;<WDL>CA< ] S;<WDL>CA< F>[Db F<;=@<LACY SDGDR PSD V L F<[AC>;< TSA?> NFAUD>C>BAE> C>EL>B '#nxR Z;<b=DLDb L<IAR ABAR GDLD;V ACY[A FBDL>[AR SDGD F>[DGD WBA\C<GDR ?DSD;DGD u;<b= FDGB>_><SFV B`WASQ BA_Q L DN;<=<B<CCYU N;<=UX 4<W<CD?R C> ?DSD;DGD OFS;<[B<C LEGBV= ] O C<GD DCDR >R <FSQX vC>PAS BA ^SDR PSD DC ^SD > A <FSQc :DS LDN;DFR C> ?DSD;D[ V F<GD=CV L>F ND?A=>`X 27 [>;S> 1973 GD=>X 127 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII
. / 001 20 3 j FS>;>`FQ C< GDLD;ASQ D SD[R PSD LYUD=AS L NSQR ?DG=> ;<PQ A=<S D [DAU FDWFSL<CCYU NOWBA?>@AVUR S<[ WDB<< PSD NOWBA?>@AA ^SDb N;AUD=ASFV \=>SQ E>P>FSO` C>FSDBQ?D =DBGDR PSD [Db ACS<;<F ? S<[< OFN<L><S OG>FCOSQX pYBD WY UD;D_DR S<[ C< [<C<<R <FBA WY LY N;DPBA ? FB<=OÌ<[O ;>EO S<?FSR DE>GB>LB<CCYb [CD` HGB>_<CCYbR LrE hu%t# R DSN;>LCDb SDP?Db ?DSD;DGD NDFBO\AB> =AFS>C@AV [<\=O LYF?>EYL>CA<[R F D=CDb FSD;DCYR A >?SD[ LYF?>EYL>CAVR F =;OGDbX 0OI<FSLO<S BA WYSA< AC>P<R ?>? LCOS;A LYF?>EYL>CAVR ^SD LDN;DFR ?DSD;Yb DFS>C<SFV ND?O=> O C>F W<E DSL<S>X aSD C<S LYF?>EYL>CAVR ?DSD;D< C< _BD WY DS WYSAVR ^SD VFCDR CD ^SD C< EC>PAS <IJR WO=SD L<;CD DW;>SCD<X j O\<
LYF?>EYL>BR D=C>?DR SO [YFBQR PSD W<FFDEC>S<BQCD<R C>N;DSALR LF<G=> A=<S DS LYF?>EYL>CAVX 2Y C< [D\<[ ;>WDS>SQ F W<FFDEC>S<BQCY[R C< DSN;>LBVVFQ DS LYF?>EYL>CAVR DS LYF?>EYL>CAV SDGDR ?SD N;DUD=AS >C>BAEX TSD >?S LYF?>EYL>CAVX /D ?>? [D\<[ [Y F<WV LYF?>E>SQc :DS LDN;DFX /<BQEV LYF?>E>SQ F<WV ?>? NDN>BDR A ^SD N;DWB<[> LFV?DGDR ?SD DWAS><S LCOS;A VEY?> ] C>_> DWI>V F L>[A N;DWB<[>X :DS NDP<[O F<GD=CVR ?DG=> ;<PQ NDb=<S D SDb N;DN>FSAR PSD DS=<BV<SR ?>? V NDE=C<< L>[ DWdVFC`R SDR P<[ V E=<FQ E>CA\>`FQR BACGLAFS<;A`R DS BACGLAFSA?A ?>? S>?DLDbR V NDN;DFAB LYF?>E>SQFV F NDEA@Ab BACGLAFSA?A FN<@A>BAFS>R ?DSD;Yb =>B C> ^SDR E> PSD V <[O W<F?DC<PCD N;AEC>S<B<CR FLD< FDGB>FA<X a<BDL<?>R WDB<< ?D[N<S<CSCDGD L ^SD[ LDN;DF<R C<\<BA +>C&-BD= 2ABQC<;R BACGLAFSR V OL<;V` L>FR C<SX 4 001 ! "3 /< EC>`R N;>LDR PSD BOP_< F?>E>SQ E> DFS>L_A<FV P<SL<;SQ P>F>X pO=OR ND\>BObR D;A<CSA;DL>SQFV C> NDCVSA< ^SA?AX TSA?>R ?>? B<G?D NDb[OS S<R ?SD FBO_>B [Db ?O;F D CE>=R S<FCD FLVE>C> F C>_A[ DWAS>CA<[ L VEY?<R A L SD\< L;<[V ] ?>? LN<;LY< ND?>E>B D=AC >LSD;R ? 121 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII ?DSD;D[O V L<;COFQ L =;OGDb ;>E ] DSCDFASFV ? ;>E;V=O FLD<GD ;D=> \<FSDLX HWAS>V L VEY?<R [Y FDL<;_><[ \<FSY ] \<FSY N;AL<SFSLAVR ND?BDC<CAV ABAR ?DG=> ;<PQ A=<S D =;OGDb SDP?< FUD=>R \<FSY N;<?BDC<CAV A LDFSD;G> N<;<= N;<?;>FCY[X o>BQ_<R ACY[A FBDL>[AR =<BD C< E>UD=ASX 2Y FDL<;_><[ \<FS A L<=<[ F<WV =>BQ_< ?>? LF< ] ?>? LF< DFS>BQCY< [>EO;A?AX 1FSQR D=C>?DR \<FSY A \<FSYX 3 N<;LYb \<FSR ?DSD;Yb [C< C>_SA?Db WO?L>BQCD N;D=A?SDL>CR ^SD \<FS WB>GD=>;CDFSA ND DSCD_<CA` ? +>CO&-BD=O 2ABQC<;OR O?>E>L_<[O C>[ C> N;DL>BR LDECA?_Ab C> F<GD=CV_CAb =<CQ LCOS;A F>[Db BACGLAFSA?AX TSD DN;>L=YL><S L ?>?Db&SD FS<N<CA DN;<=<B<CCY< BACAA NDL<=<CAVR ?DSD;Y< [Y ] V GDLD;` D F<W< ] [DGBA NDELDBASQ F<W< BA_Q C> DN;<=<B<CCDb =AFS>C@AAR E>CVSDb C>[A ND DSCD_<CA` ? ^SDb C>UD=VI<bFV C> ND=d<[< C>O?<R ?DG=> DC> FPAS>B> F<WV LN;>L< N;<S<C=DL>SQ C> SDR PSDWY C>O?Db FS>SQX 3CZD;[>@AVR ?DSD;O` [Y F<bP>F NDBOPABAR VLBV<SFV =BV C>FR NDCVSCD< =<BDR ?;>bC< C>FOICDbX M;O=CD C< NDCVSQR ?>?&CA?>?R PSD <FBA ;<PQ A=<S DW >C>BASAP<F?Db S<UCA?<R FASO>@AVR ?DG=> N>@A<CS C< GDLD;AS CAP<GDR FDE=><S S;O=CDFSAR ND [<CQ_NAFYL>V FBDLD b>EY? ("a"anxue) FSDBQ C<DWYPCY[ DW;>ED[R VR L FOICDFSAR DS[<\<LYL>BFV DS FS;O?SO;>BAE[> AR L P>FSCDFSAR DS N;AFOISQ VEY? L F<[ADBDGA` ] ^SDR C> [Db LEGBV=R D=AC AE L>\CYU [D[<CSDLR ?DSD;Y< +>CO&-BD=O 2ABQC<;O O=>BDFQ N;DVFCASQX ->?
FLA=<S<BQFSLO<S D SD[ ?CA\<P?>R DE>GB>LB<CC>V v>GDBDLD? NAFQ[>R ?DSD;O` V L>[ L<BSQR PSD WY V CA GDLD;ABR ;<PQ LF<G=> A=<S D ND=PAC<CCD[ NDBD\<CAA EC>?> ND DSCD_<CA` ? DEC>P>Ì<[OX v=<FQ CO\CD F=SQ [>B<CQ?D< DSFSONB<CA<R PSDWY LDE=>SQ =DB\CD< 4<?>C>SAR PQ< LYFSONB<CA< OW<=AS<BQCD ND?>E>BDR PSD NDCVBA [<CV N;>LABQCDX TSD WYBD VFCD AE LF<SFVR ?>? N;<=BD\ASQ L>[ =D ?DC@> GD=> S< DSL<SY C> CAUR ?DSD;Y< V C> F<GD=CV_CAb =<CQ [DGO =>SQX HP<CQ ND?>E>S<BQCDR PSD E>?DCPAB DC LDN;DFD[ D -Q<;?<GD;< A 4<GAC< ] V F=B D CAU BA_Q ?;>S?D< OND[AC>CA<R S>? PSD ^SD <GD D;AGAC>BQ& 122 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII C>V [YFBQX /> SD[ ^S>N< NOSAR G=< [Y F L>[A F<bP>F C>UD=A[FVR ^SD BOP_>V ABB`FS;>@AV SDGD Z>?S>R PSD ;<EDC>CF NDCA[>CAV A[E>CCD< [CD` =D ?DGD&SD =D_BDX i;<=BD\<CCY< A[ LDN;DFY ND[DGOS [C<R ;>EO[<<SFVR F?>E>SQ SDR D P<[ O C>F LNDFB<=FSLAA NDb=<S ;<PQX j NDN;D_O <GD =>SQ [C< FLDb S<?FSR PSDWY FDFB>SQFV C> C<GDR ?DG=> V F[DGOR N;A FBOP><R C> <GD LDN;DFYR DSL<SASQX HC FDFB>BFV S>?\< C> p<;?BAR D ?DSD;D[ O [<CV ;<PA FDLF<[ C< _BDR A E> ^SD V N;AEC>S<B<C <[O <IJ WDBQ_<X oDB\<C N;AEC>SQFVR V =>\< NDFS>;>BFV =DFS>SQ C<=>LCD <GD N<;LD< AE=>CA< ] VR N;<=FS>LQS< F<W<R <IJ A WAWBADZABR UDSV ACS<;<FO`S [<CV N<;LY< AE=>CAV BA_Q S[D[O N;DPAS>SQX j N;DBAFS>B ND ^SD[O FBOP>` L N;D_BD< LDF?;<F<CQ< <GD M#nu e $#"hsh$e%R [<B?DGD ZABDFDZ> ] =;OGD< C>EL>CA< <GD ,BFAZ;DCX /< WO=Q p<;?BA AE=>LC> [D<` =OUDLCDb NAI FSCDFSAR C<N;ACO\=<CCDFSA L DW;>I<CAA F BACGLAFSAP<F?A[ [>S<;A>BD[R C< [DG WY F<W< NDELDBASQX 2C< UDS<BDFQ WYR S<[ C< [<C<<R F?>E>SQ C<F?DBQ?D FBDL D FU<[<R ?DSD;O` 4<?>C>SA SDBQ?D PSD N;A_BDFQ FS<;<SQX TSD A LN;>L=O LDN;DF ] WYSQ AFS<;A?D[ ABA C<SX 1FSQ H=CDR ABA C<Sc i;<=FS>LBV<SFVR ACY[A FBDL>[AR PSD L BDGA?<R L ?B>FFAP<F?Db BDGA?<R C<&LF< A[NBA@ASCD ND=;>EO[<L><S FOI<FS& LDL>CA< H=CDGD ] H=CDGDR ?DSD;D< N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb AF?B`P<CA<X 3[<CCD E=<FQ =DB\CY [Y SDG=> C>WB`=>SQR ND A=<<R ?>? LDECA?><S L ;>[?>U FOI<FSLDL>CAV ] LY OLA=AS< LNDFB<=FSLAAR NDP<[O V S>? GDLD;` ] SD ND& ?;>bC<b&[<;<&D=CD FOI<FSLDL>CA<R ?DSD;D< LNAFYL><SFV L ZOC?@A` uUR PSDWY << LYF?>E>SQX :YF?>EYL>CA`R ?>? V SDBQ?D PSD GDLD;ABR FLDbFSL<CCD WYSA<X : SD L;<[V ?>? >?SO LYF?>EYL>CAVR C>N;DSALR FLDbFSL<CCD FOI<FSLDL>SQ ] FOI<FSLDL>SQ ND DSCD_<CA` ? LYF?>EYL>CA`R ?>?DLD WY DCD CA WYBDX :DN;DFR C> F>[D[ =<B<R FDFSDAS SDG=> L SD[R [D\<S BA AE C<&LF<GDR ^SDGD LDE;>\<CAVR >=;<FDL>CCDGD LF<DWI<[OR LDECA?COSQ C<PSD S>?D<R PSD E>VLAS D
F<W< L ?>P<FSL< N;DSALD;IFSCDFSA ] [Y C< LYUD=A[R ?>? LA=AS<R E> ;>[?A >;AFSDS<B<LF?Db BDGA?AX o<BDR D=C>?DR LDS L P<[X 3E E>NAFA C<&LFV?Ab U LNAFYL><SFV L uU BDGAP<F?A FB<=O<SR PSD A[<<SFV UR ?DSD;Yb ^SDb 123 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII ZOC?@AA N;DSALD;<PASX TSD L<;CDR CD BA_Q N;A D=CD[ OFBDLAA ] N;A OFBDLAAR PSD LF< A C<&LF<R D ?DSD;YU A=<S ;<PQR ?DC<PCYX : DSCD_<CAA ?DC<PCDGD C>BA@D C< N;DFSD A[NBA?>@AV ] C>BA@D SD\=<FSLDX 0SDAS C>bSAFQ P<[O&SD D=CD[OR PSD DWDWI>Ì? ZD;[OB> ^S> D?>\<SFV ON;>E=C<C> A DW;>SASFV L P>FSCO`X /<&LF< FS>CDLASFV ^?LAL>B<CSD[ SDGDR PSD L >;AFSDS<B<LF?Db BDGA?< E>VLBV<S D F<W< ?>? P>FSCD<X 1FSQ AF?B`P<CA<X /D L<=Q [YR C>N;DSALR [D\<[ A[<SQ =<BD A F W<F?DC<PCY[X 3 SDG=> C<&LF< ;>F_A;AS<BQCDGD EC>P<CAV A[<SQ C< WO=<SX 6DLD;VR PSD \<CIAC> C<&LFV A PSD C<BQEV ND^SD[O ONDS;<WBVSQ FBDLD +<CIAC> F DN;<=<B<CCY[ >;SA?B<[R V =` ^SD ?>? ;>E NDSD[OR PSD ACS<;<FO<S [<CV C>FB>\=<CA<R ?DSD;D< ND DSCD_<CA` ? SD[OR PSD N;<ND=CDFAS F<WV ND= EC>?D[ uUR VLBV<SFV W<F?DC<PCY[X 3[<V =<BD F W<F?DC<PCY[ [CD\<FSLD[R LY C< F[D\<S< O\< OSL<;\=>SQR WO=SD C<&LF< N;<=NDB>G><S FOI<FSLDL>CA< P<GD&SD S>?DGDR PSD LDECA?><S ?>? ;<EOBQS>S N;DSALD;<PAVR DS;A@>CAVX :Y [D\<S<R L BOP_<[ FBOP><R NDFSOBA;DL>SQ <GD ?>? FOI<FSLDL>CA<R BA_<CCD< DN;<=<B<CCDFSAX H=C>?D WB>GD=>;V L<SLA [>S<[>SAP<F?Db BDGA?AR A[<COÌSQ lDC FOI<FSLO<SmR C<DWUD=A[D N;<\=<R PSDWY [Y [DGBA <GD F?DCFS;OA;DL>SQR SD <FSQ FO[<SQ C>bSAR G=< ^SD FOI<FSLDL>CA< ;>FNDB>G><SFVX 3[<CCD C> ^SD V DNA;>`FQR ?DG=> N;DLD\O SD ;>E[<\<L>CA<R PSD NDELDBV<S [C< NDFSOBA;DL>SQ FOI<FSLDL>CA<R N;<?;>FCD DNAF>CCD< 4<?>C>SA ?>? ^?F@<CS;APCD< ND DSCD_<CA` ? AFSAC<X /<DN;<=<B<CCDFSQ E>LAF><S [<\=O U A UR [<\=O FOI<FSLDL>CA<[R ?DSD;D< DWC>;O\AL><S F<WVR F<WV OSL<;\=>VR A +<CIACDbR NDF?DBQ?O DC> C< DWC>;O\AL><S F<WVR PSD ?>? ;>E A ND=SL<;\=><S FBOP>b 4<GACYX : E>?B`P<CA< E>=>[ L>[R ND FLD<[O DWY?CDL<CA`R C<WDBQ_O` E>G>=?OX 1FBA L>[ FBOPASFV N<;<P<FSQ S<?FSR DNOWBA?DL>CCYb [CDb ND= E>GB>LA<[ u;<b=DL> L<IQR EC>bS<K ;<PQ L CNAF>SQ FBDLD +<CIAC>R C< E>P<;?AL>V DN;<=<B<CCYb >;SA?BQ ] F=SQ ^SD C> O;DLC<R G=< \<CIAC> ] ^SD AFSAC>X :DS NDP<[O GDLD;ASQ D C;AL>VX 12w
+>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII 5 , 0 6 789 :, "6 ; ", 3 <=>8?<=, @6, <>=A3
I) 6=< GDLD;VSR S>[ C>FB>\=>`SFV A CAP<GD C< EC>`SX
12* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX
j =O[>` D L>FX TSD C< EC>PASR PSD V L>F =O[>`X -SD&CAWO=Q AE N;AFOSFSLOÌAU ND[CASR C>L<;CD<R PSD V N;<=NDBD\AB ?DG=>&SD FOI<FSLDL>CA< VEY?>R G=< GDLD;ABDFQ WY VB`WB` D L>F ] S>?Db VEY? ?O=> BOP_< C>_<GD DSLB WY ?DFL<CCD[O U>;>?S<;O NDFVG>S<BQFSL>R A[<CO<[DGD B`WDLQ`X 0?>E>SQ V D L>F =O[>` O\< F>[D ND F<W< EC>PAS LDE;>EASQ LF<[O SD[OR PSD L ;>[?>U DN;<=<B<CCDGD N;<=FS>LB<CAV D C>O?< ] C< SDbR PSD FOI<FSLO<S LF<GD C<F?DBQ?D FSDB<SAbR > SDbR PSD WYB> FZD;[A;DL>C> L ?>?D[&SD F[YFB< O\< N;A ,;AFSDS<B< ] [D\CD WYBD WY C>EL>SQ GO[>CAS>;CY[A =AF& @ANBAC>[AX HS?O=> FB<=O<SR PSD CO\CD FN;DFASQ F<WVR ?>?A[ NOS<[ =DB\C> FB<=DL>SQ FDL;<[<CC>V C>O?>R C>O?> C>_<GD L;<[<CAR DNA;>VFQ C> SD CDLD<R PSD =>B C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FX 3CY[A FBDL>[AR V C>PAC>` F SDGDR PSD ZD;[OBA;O` SDR AE P<GD [Y AFUD=A[X 3FUD=A[ [Y AE SDGD CDLDGDR PSD N;AC<F >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F ] AE W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGDX :DS NDP<[O V N<;LD&C>N<;LD N;<=BD\O L>[ C<F?DBQ?D DS_BAZDL>CCYUR C<F?DBQ?D F\>SYUR ZD;[OBR ?>F>ÌAUFV SDGDR PSD N;<=FS>L& BV<S FDWDb W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< F SDP?A E;<CAV FDL;<[<CCDb C>O?AX : ;<EOBQS>S< P<GD C<AEW<\CD LDECA?><S LDN;DF ] ?>?A[ DW;>ED[R NDFB< LF<GDR PSD C>[ S<N<;Q AEL<FSCD D W<FFDEC>S<BQCD[R C>O?> LDDWI< LDE[D\C>c 3R ?>? CA FS;>CCD ^SD [D\<S L>[ ND?>E>SQFVR V F;>EO \< GDLD;` L>[R PSD ;<PQ L FLVEA F ^SA[ NDb=<S O C>F F<GD=CV D U;AFSA>CFSL<X 12y +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX
1 j C>PCO FD FLDAU S;O=CYU ] V NDB>G>`R ND ?;>bC[ S>?A[A =DB\CY ND?>E>SQFV ] ZD;[OBK W<FFDEC>S<BQCD<R ^SD C< ?DG=> WYSA<
[YFBASR ?>? FB<=O<S AE SDGDR PSD GDLD;AS S;>=A@ADCC>V C>O?> C> ^SDS FP<S ] W<FFDEC>S<BQCD<R ^SD ?DG=> WYSA<R GDLD;VR C>FB>\=><SFVR AR =DW>LB` E=<FQ VR CAP<GD WDBQ_< C< UDP<S EC>SQX pDBQ_< SDGD ] C< UDP<S EC>SQ CAP<GD LDDWI<X :Y?B>=YL>V SOS \< <IJ D=CO ?>;SOR ?DSD;O` V [DG WY N;AW<;<PQ N;D E>N>FR F?>\O F;>EO ] CA?>?DGD \CAV EC>SQ C<SX i;<FBDLOSD< #ssen %#e!R D ?DSD;D[ G=<&SD GDLD;AS u;<b=R N;DFSD C< FOI<FSLO<SX u;<b= L =>CCD[ FBOP>< N;DSALD;<PAS F<W<X :F< GDLD;AS D SD[R PSD P<BDL<? C< SDBQ?D E>;>C<< EC><S LF<R PSD <[O C>=D EC>SQR CD PSD EC>CA< ^SD LNDBC< DG;>CAP<CD C>FB>\=<CA<[R DWOFBDLB<CCY[ <GD ;<PQ` ] C>FB>\=<CA<[R ?DSD;DGD =BV C<GD C<=DFS>SDPCDX : ;<EOBQS>S< LFS><SR DP<LA=CDR LDN;DF D SD[R ?>? DWFSDAS =<BD F SDb L<FQ[> N;D=O?SALCDb C>O?DbR ?DSD;Db DWB>=><[ [Y L BA@< ZAEA?AX ->?A[ DW;>ED[ FDDSCDFASFV ^S> CDL>V C>O?> F ;<>BQCY[c /<=DFS>SD? C>O?AR ?DSD;O` V C>EYL>` S;>=A@ADCCDbR NDSD[O PSD LDFUD=AS DC> <IJ ? ,;AFSDS<B`R FDFSDAS L SD[R PSD [YFBA[D< F?;D<CD L CEO [YFBAR SD <FSQ PSD WYSA< [YFBASX i;AL<=O N;A[<;R ?DSD;Yb L>[ WO=<S NDCVS<CK S>? C>EYL><[Y< P<BDL<P<F?A< DSCD_<CAV C< N<;<\AL>`SFV B<GP< DS SDGDR PSD LY D CAU =O[><S<X 3[<CCD C> ^SD[ DFCDL>C> S<D;AVR A[<CO<[>VR C<F?DBQ?D ?D[APCDR WAU<LAD;AE[D[R ] NDL<=<CA<R FDGB>FCD ^SDb S<D;AAR FS>CDLASFV VFCDR <FBA C>WB`=>SQ <GD F SDP?A E;<CAV ?DC<PCDb @<BAX 3=<` ^SO WAU<LAD;AFSY FDPBA LDE[D\CY[ NDBD\ASQ L DFCDLO FDL;<[<CCYU GO[>CAS>;CYU C>O?R C>=<VFQ DWdVFCASQ F << ND[DIQ` P<BDL<P<F?D< NDL<=<CA<R C< N;AW<G>V ? >C>BAEO N;<=NDB>G><[YU C>[<;<CAb FOWd<?S>X 0=L N;<=NDB>G><[O` @<B<FDDW;>ECDFSQ NDL<=<CAV FLDA[ DWd<?SD[R C<S CAP<GD B<GP<R ?>? DSD\=<FSLASQ ^SDS DWd<?SR NDF?DBQ?O DC DWB>=><S F>[D;<GOBV@A ? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX H=C>?DR ?>? ^SD CA NBQCDR LF<R PSD WAU<LAD;AE[ F=B ] ^SD FN;D<@A;DL>B L C<;LCO` FAFS<[O LY;>WDS>CCD< ZABDFDZA ;AFSDS<B<LF?Db ZABDFDZA ? A C< FDL<;_ABR C>F?DBQ?D V EC>`R CA?>?DGD ;<_AS<BQCDGD N<;<LD;DS> L ^SA?<R L C>_AU [<CS>BQCYUR ZOC=>[<CS>BQCYUR C>LY?>UX a<BDL<?R WO=OPA BA_Q DWd<?SD[R FBO\AS DN;<=<B<CCDb @<BAX 1GD \AECQR PSDWY DC F>[ DW ^SD[ CA =O[>BR C>N;>LBV<SFV @<B<LDb N;APACDbX v>?B`P><SFV ^S> @<BQ L SD[R PSDWY \ASQR > SDPC<<R LY\ASQ ] DS=>BASQ [D[<CS F[<;SA A LEVSQ L<;U C>= FDN<;CA?D[X -DBAP<FSLD [YFB V ?>;SAC> [A;>R e" anscauunxR ND=;>EO[<L><SR AFPAFB<CA`R VFCD< =<BDR C< ND==><SFVX /<AE[<CCY[ DFS><SFV
^?LAL>B<CSCDFSQ [YFBA A [YFBA[DGDX aSD W<EOFBDLCD DSBAP><S FLDbFSL<CCYb S;>=A@ADCCDb C>O?< FNDFDW [Y_B<CAVR S>? ^SD <GDR S>? F?>E>SQR ?B>FFA@AE[ ] >;AFSDS<B<LF?D< @>;FSLD ?B>FFDLR ;D=DL A LA=DLR E>?B`P>Ì<< L F<W< AC=ALA=> ?>? P>FSCO` ;>ECDLA=CDFSQX /> ^SD[ FS;DASFV DN;<=<B<CC>V ^FS<SA?> A EA\=<SFV DN;<=<B<CC>V ^SA?>X TSO ^SA?O V DN;<=<B` DP<CQ N;DFSDR S>? N;DFSDR PSD ^SD [D\<S L>F LDGC>SQ L ?;>F?OR CD C< C>=D SD;DNASQFV F LYLD=>[A ] AS>?R [YFBQ C> SDb FSD;DC<R G=< LB>FSQR > [YFBA[D< C> =;OGDb FSD;DC<X TSD B<G?D N;DPASYL><SFV O\< L SD[R PSD ;YP>GD[ LB>FSAR VLBV<SFVR ND FOSAR ;<PQ ] DC> D=C> DWdVFCV<S A =><S DSP<SX pAU<LAD;AE[ L ;>[?A ^SDb ?B>FFAP<F?Db [D=<BA LNDBC< O?B>=YL><SFVX TSD t# &~anceR ;YP>G ;<PAR > EC>PASR t#~an&ceR LDF?;<F<CQ<K SDSR ND LY;>\<CQ` -<CDR N;>E=CA? \AECAR PSD DWD;>PAL><SFVR ?>? DC \< ND?>E>BR D=AP>CA<[X 0 N<;LDGD LEGBV=> ^SD LDLF< C< ?>\<SFV DP<LA=CY[X }DPOR D=C>?DR E>[<SASQR PSD i;>E=CA? \AECA -<CD C>_GDF?BDCCDGD PAS>S<BV L -D\<L<R P<BDL<?<R L AFSD;AA [YFBA =>B<?D C< NDFB<=C<[R ?DSD;Yb ;>EGBV=? >WFDB`SCD< EC>CA< ] SD F>[D<R PSD WYBD DWCD C>[ L FLD< L;<[V 6<G<B<[X 12e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX
2 ->? ?SD&SD C<=>LCD O\< DW;>SAB LCA[>CA<R [D< [<FSD ] F>[ BA V <GD E>CVBR ABA DC [C< <GD O?>E>BK bVEY? C<AFNDL<=A[ ] F?D;<< LF<GDR C> FSD;DC< W>;D??DX 3CY[A FBDL>[AR DC N;A[<CAB ?D [C< S<;[ACR E>A[FSLDL>CCYb AE AFSD;AA AF?OFFSL>X iDF?DBQ?O AFSD;AV AF?OFFSL>R ?>? LFV?>V AFSD;AVR A ?>? LFV?D< AF?OFFSLDR C< SLD;VSFV ;O?>[AR > =DFS>`SFVR F?D;<<R AE ;O?>L> ZD?OFCA?>R C<DWUD=A[DR N;<\=< P<[ V N;D=DB\OR F?>E>SQR PSD ND= W>;D??DR FDWFSL<CCDR NDCA[><SFV ] FOWd<?S ^SDGD NDCA[><SFV C< WDB<< >?SAL<CR ?DC<PCDR P<[ SDSR PSD L N;<=Y=OI<[ N;<=BD\<CAA E>CA[><S [<FSDX 3 ^SD NDCO\=><S [<CV DW;>SASQFV ? AFSD;AA U;AFSA>CFSL>X :Y S>?DGD DWD;DS> C< \=>BAc p>;D??D W<;<S FLD< C>P>BD L D=CDb C<WDBQ_Db AFSD;AA ] AFSD;AA };AFS>X : S<?FS>UR NDL<=>L_AU AFSD;A` D=CD GD P<BDL<?>X /< O=ALBVbS<FQR ND\>BObFS> ] DC F>[ C>EYL>B F<WV 0YCD[ a<BDL<P<F?A[X 3 =<BD =>\< C< L F>[Db ND F<W< WB>GDb L<FSA ] =<BD L SD[R C>F?DBQ?D WB>GDL<FSCA?A =BV ^SDb L<FSA A=<>BQCD ND=UD=VSX 3[<CCD ^S> FSD;DC> = N;<=FS>LBV<SFV [C< C>AWDB<< ACS<;<FCDbX :F< DCA NA_OS S>?R PSD C<S L AU NDL<FSLDL>CAVU CA <=ACDGD Z>?S>R ?DSD;DGD C<BQEV WYBD WY B<G?D DFND;ASQ ] A C> O=DP?O ^SOR pDG FLA=<S<BQR LF<R <FS<FSL<CCDR ?B`COBAX /D N;A LF<[ SD[ S<?FSY ^SA @<BVS L
F>[D< F<;=@< AFSACYR AFSACY ?>? S>?DLDbR C< F[OI>VFQ S<[R PSD LYF?>E>SQ << [D\CDR ?>? V F?>E>B L>[R SDBQ?D C>NDBDLACOX j W<;O L<IA ?>? DCA <FSQX 1FBA S<?FSY ^SA NDBQEO`SFV FSDBQ D_<BD[BVÌA[ OFN<UD[R EC>PAS [C< CO\CD ? CA[ DW;>SASQFV A N;<ND=>SQ L>[ ND CA[ O;D?X :Y F>[A OLA=AS<R ? P<[O ^SD C>[ NDELDBAS N;AbSAX j UDPO ND?>E>SQ L>[R PSD F[YFB FLDb DCA LNDBC< DWC>;O\AL>`S BA_Q L FL<S< LYL<=<CCYU [CDb AE >C>BASAP<F?Db N;>?SA?A ?>S<GD;Ab FA[LDBAP<F?DGDR LDDW;>\><[DGD A ;<>BQCDGDX HW;>SA[FV =BV C>P>B> ? N<;LDb AE CAUX j L>[ F?>E>B L FLD< L;<[VR PSD AFSAC> ] ^SD DFDWD< AE[<;<CA<R t# &~ens#hnR AE[<;<CA< F?>E>CCDGDR ~en #hn tu t# X 129 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX HW ^SD[R NDAFSAC<R BOP_< <L>CG<BAFSDL C< F?>\<_QX .OP_< DW AFSAC< F?>E>SQ C<LDE[D\CDX 3[<CCD NDSD[O A C>EYL><[ [Y AU FDPAC<CAV WB>GDL<FSA<[X /<LDE[D\CD BOP_< AE[<;<CA< AFSACY NOFSASQ L UD=R S>? F?>E>SQ BOP_A[ DW;>ED[ F=LACOSQ ;<>BQCDFSQ L DWB>FSQ Z>CS>E[>X ->?&CA?>?R > NDFB<=FSLAV ] V GDLD;` C< D S<?FS>UR > D ;<>BQCYU Z>?S>U ] OW<=AS<BQCD ND?>E>BAR C>F?DBQ?D ^SD AE[<;<CA< D?>E>BDFQ OFSDbPALDX 4>FN;DFS;>CAL_AFQ C> SDR PSD [Y C>EYL><[ [A;D[R DCD F=BD FBDLD [A;F?Db FACDCA[D[ G; A ND;D?>X HCD F[<BD F BA@> E<[BA LF<R PSD LDEL<BA LD LF<B<CCDb F O=ALAS<BQCDb N;DPCDFSQ` ;A[BVC<R ^SA N;A;D\=<CCY< ?>[<CIA?AR ON;>E=CAL E>D=CD C>FB>\=<CAVR L ?DSD;YU DCA ?ON>BAFQ ] C>FB>\=<CAVR N;<=FS>LB<CA< D ?DSD;YU =>`S C>[ EC>[<CASY< S<;[YR PSD =D_BA =D C>_AU =CUX 2Y =>\< LDDW;>EASQ C< [D\<[R C>F?DBQ?D LD LF<[R PSD ?>F><SFV C>FB>\=<CAVR DCA EC>BA SDB?X };AFSA>CFSLD DSL<;GBD LF< ^SD ?>? N;<E;<CCD< A [A;F?D<X 0D?;DL<CC>V FLVEQ U;AFSA>CFSL> F N;DWB<[Db AFSACY FYG;>B>R S>?A[ DW;>ED[R L <GD \ALOP<FSA C< NDFB<=C`` ;DBQX i;<S<CEAA U;AFSA>CFSL> C> ;DBQ AFSACCDb ;<BAGAA CAF?DBQ?D C< N;<OL<BAP<CYR A <FBA ? NDCVSA` AFSACCDGD N;AF[DS;<SQFV NDWBA\<R SD ^SD <=L> BA C< UO=_<<R PSD [D\CD D U;AFSA>CFSL< F?>E>SQX :Db=V D=C>\=Y L ;<GAFS; AFSACCDGDR LYbSA AE C<GD O\< C< NDBOPASFVX aSDWY L<;COSQ AFSAC< ND=DW>ÌA< F_S>WYR CO\CD LDbSA L >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FX iDELDBVV DSFS;>CASQ DN;<=<B<CCY< L<IAR >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F FS>LAS AFSACO C> [<FSDR CD C< BA_><S << NDPLYX vC>P<CA< << O[<CQ_ABDFQR CD W<E C<< ND&N;<\C<[O C< DWDbSAFQX kN;DPAL_AFQR DC> FS>B> C<NDW<=A[DbX 0DN<;CAP>SQ F CS?A LDFSDPCDb [O=;DFSAR F<WV LBVÌA< ] S>DAE[R C>N;A[<;R ABA =;OGA< OP<CAVR =BV ?DSD;YU FN>F<CA< E>?B`P<CD C< L AFSAC<R >R ?>? GDLD;AS F>[D FBDLD S>DR L NOSAX 3BA \< S<R ?SD FO[<<S N;D=DB\ASQ AU =<BDR
N;<=BD\AL C<PSD ND=DWCD< L C>_A =CAX 3FSD;AV };AFS> N;<=FS>LBV<SFV C>[R C> F>[D[ =<B<R C< 137 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX FSDBQ?D NDNYS?Db FN>FSA B`= F<CAV pDG>X 3 C>=D N;AEC>SQR PSD SDSR ?SD ^SO E>=>PO C> F<WV LEVBR };AFSDFR E>NB>SAB E> ^SDR [VG?D GDLD;VR L<FQ[> =D;DGO` @<COX ->? CA FS;>CCDR CD ;<EOBQS>SR NDUD\<R D?>E>BFV =DFSAGCOSX MDR PSD pDG C<;>E=<BQCD S;DAP<CR C>LD=AS C> [YFBQR PSD FP<S D=AC&=L>&S;A N;<=FOI<FSLO<S <[OX H=CD AE =LOUK BAWD FP<S BA@ W<;<S C>P>BD DS DS?;DL<CAV };AFSDL>R E>=CA[ PAFBD[R A SDG=> 1GD WYSA< FS>LASFV ND= O=>;R BAWD FP<S C> S;A <[O N;<=_<FSLO<SR A SDG=> OI<;WCY[ D?>EYL><SFV 1GD <=ACFSLDX TSD NDELDBV<S N;<=NDBD\ASQR PSD FN>F<CA< pDG> =<;\ASFV C> LDBDF?< A E>LAFASR L DWI<[R DS =DW;Db LDBA F>[AU U;AFSA>CX v>W>LCD SD ] V L>[ DW ^SD[ GDLD;ABR CD LY C< DW;>SABA LCA[>CAV ] PSD >S<AE[ =<;\ASFV SDBQ?D C> =OUDL<CFSL<X .`=V[ FL<SF?A[R PQV C>ALCDFSQ L ^SD[ LDN;DF< C< A[<<S G;>CA@R >S<AE[ =><SFV ?O=> S;O=C<<X :FND[CAS< W<=CVGO :DBQS<;>X -DL>;CYbR AELD;DSBALYbR UAS;YbR N;DLD;CYb ] ?SDR ?>? C< DCR =DFSDAC E>CVSQ FLD` CA_O L i>CS<DC< C>N;DSALn /<DWUD=A[D< DWdVFC<CA< OWAbFSL> FYC> ?>? DFCDL>S<BV ;<BAGAA WB>GD=>SA ] C<DWUD=A[D< L SD[ F[YFB<R D ?DSD;D[ V GDLD;ABR SD <FSQR SDR ?DSD;D< C< N;<FS><S NAF>SQFV ] C>[R ? FP>FSQ`R =>B u;<b=X HC LY;>EAB ^SD C<F?DBQ?D =;OGA[A FBDL>[AR CD F[YFB L SD[R PSD OWAbFSLD ^SD WYBD FLD<GD ;D=> E>NA;>S<BQFSLD[ ] E>NA;>S<BQFSLD[R N;<=FS>LBVÌA[ FDWDb LDE[D\CO` ZD;[O N;AEC>CAV AFSACYX 3[<CCD S>? u;<b= E>CDLD FN>F><S HS@>X : P<[ DC ND=;>\><S 3AFOFO };AFSOX 0?;D[CDR ;>EO[<<SFVX HC C< B<E<S =BV ^SDGD AE _?O;Y LDCX /D FLD` F?;D[CO` B<NSOR B<NSO =DW;DND;V=DPCDGDR UDSV A DSFS>L_<GD C<[CDGD DS \AECA <L;<VR DC L ^SD =<BD LCDFASX 1GD FBOP>b DP<CQ ;>FN;DFS;>C<CX aSDWY <L;<A E>?OFABAR C>?DC<@R O=AB>R AU N;A_BDFQ LCDLQ FDW;>SQ L[<FS<X 0?DBQ?D ^SD WO=<S N;D=DB\>SQFVR S;O=CD F?>E>SQX aSD \< ?>F><SFV FOICDFSA U;AFSA>CFSL>R SD [C< UDS<BDFQ WY ?D<&P<[ F L>[A C> ^SDS FP<S ND=<BASQFVX k L>F N;DFSD FB`C?A NDS<?OS ] LDS OLA=AS<X /D [C< N;A=<SFV L<;COSQFV C> _>G C>E>=X 131 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX
oO_> ] PSDWY NDCVSQ ^SDR C>=D NDPAS>SQ ,;AFSDS<BV &=O_>R NDLSD;V`R ^SD SD F>[D<R ? P<[O N;AUD=AS [YFBQR FSDVI>V O ;OBVX TSD S<[ WDB<< C<DWUD=A[D ] SD <FSQ C< N;<FS><S NAF>SQFV ] PSD SDR PSD DC>R N;<FBDLOS>V [YFBQ LY;>W>SYL><SR ^SD [YFBA D S<B<X :Y C< =DFS>SDPCD AEO[BV<S<FQ S<BOX :<=Q A[<CCD DCD FS>LAS L SONA? ?B>FFAP<F?O` C>O?O ] ?>?R L F>[D[ =<B<R O=><SFV <[O ZOC?@ADCA;DL>SQ F>[DFSDVS<BQCDc :<=Q S<BDR ^SDS C<NDF<=>R WO=Q DCD L>_<R ABA PQ<&SD <IJ ] C>=DR PSDWY DCD WYBD F>[D=DFS>SDPCY[X 2<CV C>L ^SO [YFBQ C<WDBQ_Db FAC=;D[R D ?DSD;D[ [C<R C<L<\=<R C<=>LCD C>ND[CABA ] <FBA O P<BDL<?>R N>PVCAVR C< LY=<BV`SFV FB<EYR ^SD F?>EYL><SFV C> ;>WDS< GB>E>X TSD D=CD AE VLB<CAbR ?DSD;Y< V EDLO PO=<F>[A SX TSD POLFSLO<SFV C<[<=B<CCDX i;<=FS>LQS< F<W<R PSD LY C<FNDFDWCY NB>?>SQR PSD FB<EC>V \<B<E> DS?>EYL><SFV LY=<BVSQ \A=?DFSQ ] O L>F F;>EO WO=OS N;DWB<[YX 0 =;OGDb FSD;DCYR FSDAS ?D[O&SDR S<B<FCY[R LDDW;>\><[Y[R ABA FA[LDBAP<F?A[ DW;>ED[R C>FSONASQ L>[ C> CDGOR ?>? O L>F ] C<AEL<FSCDR F ?>?Db FS>SA ] LY=<BV`SFV FB<EYX TSD Z>?SX TSD C>EYL><SFV ] L>F DGD;PABAX ->? FLVE>CY ^SA FB<EY F S<[ Z>?SD[R PSD FOWd<?S S>?A[ DW;>ED[ F<WV E>IA& I><S DS C<N;<=LA=<CCDGDR F<WV E>G;>\=><Sc uD;[OBA;DL?> LOBQG>;C>VR CD DP<CQ SDPC>VR NDSD[O PSD ;<PQ L CG;>\=<CCD[ FOWd<?S< ] SD[ F>[D[R ?DSD;Yb LYEYL><S O L>F ?D<&?>?A< >FFD@A>@AAX 0OWd<?S =<bFSLAS<BQCD E>G;>\=><S F<WVR NDL<;QS< [C<R A GD;>E=D P>I< P<[ FB<=DL>BD WYX HW;>SAS< LCA[>CA<R ?>? O=DWCD WYL><S LDFNDBQEDL>SQFVR A[<V L LA=O LF< S;A ;<GAFS;>K FA[LDBAP<F?D<R LDDW;>\><[D<R ;<>BQCD<R D=CA[ <=ACFSL<CCY[ LY;>\<CA<[X 3[<CCD S>? ] E>[<PO ND UD=O = ] NDFSON>B ,;AFSDS<BQR C< =L_Ab ;>ECA@Y [<\=O =LA\<CA<[ A aAAh#rh#a#s R AE[<C<CA<[X 3 AE[<C<CA<R A =LA\<CA< L N;DFS;>CFSL< DEC>P>BA =BV C<GD ] UDSV F>[ DC ^SDGD A C< EC>B ] PSD FOWd<?S F<WV E>G;>\=><SX i;>LABQCYU ?>S<GD;Ab L <GD ;>FND;V\<CAAR NDCVSCD< =<BDR C< WYBDR CD POSQ< O C<GD WYBD L<BA?DB<NCD<X 132 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX :>\CDR ACY[A FBDL>[AR PSD LF< C>B>\<CD =DFS>SDPCD UD;D_DR PSDWY \AECQ S CD;[>BQCD ND==<;\AL>SQ ] C>;O_ASQ NDBD\<CA< =FSCYb FBOP>bR WO=Q SD LCOS;<CCAb ABA LC<_CAbX TSD EC>PASR PSD S<BD ;>FF[>S;AL><SFV ?>? SD F>[D<R E> PSD DCD F<WV LY=><SR ?>? S<BD E>?;YSD<R E>[?COSD< C> F<WVX 4>EL< C< DP<LA=CD SDG=>R PSD =O_> ] ^SD C< PSD ACD<R ?>? F>[DA=<CSAPCDFSQR ?DSD;Db [Y L N;<=NDBD\<CAA C>=<BV<[ S<BDR > S>?\< LF<R PSD [Y =O[><[R NYS>VFQ ^SDb F>[DA=<CSAPCDFSA =>SQ DWdVFC<CA<c oO_>R ACY[A FBDL>[A ] ^SD SDR PSD [Y =O[><[ ND NDLD=O S ] LEGBV= C> C<GD F SDb FSD;DCYR G=< LB>FSQX 2Y OFND?>AL><[ F<WV SDb [YFBQ`R PSD DCD SD\< =O[><SX HSF`=>
[CDGDDW;>EA< DWdVFC<CAbX 0<?;<@A` DWdVFCV<[ S<[R PSD DCDR [DBR [YFBAS F<?;<SCDR NDSOGA ] S<[R PSD DCD [YFBAS SOGDR > AG;O GD;[DCDL ] S<[R PSD DCD [>CANOBA;O<S ACZD;[>@A<bX : =DL<;_<CA< LF<GDR DCD DS=><SFV C> [ABDFSQ o/-R ABAR PSD SD \< F>[D<R A'N ] PAS>bK ,=DCAFX :F< ^SD V GDLD;` ? SD[OR PSDWY N;AL<FSA L>F ? [YFBAR ?DSD;O` V ] > V CAP<GD C< GDLD;` LNOFSO` ] F F>[DGD C>P>B>R ?DG=> ;<PQ E>UD=AB> D W<FFDEC>S<BQCD[R C< OFS>L>B L>[ LCO_>SQK NDAFSAC< FS;>CCDR PSD NFAUDBDGAV C< E>=O[>B>FQ C>= S<[ Z>?SD[R PSD FS;O?SO;> [YFBA DFCDL>C> C> VEY?<X jEY? \< ] L ^SD[ A <FSQ SD CDLD<R PSD C<F<S F FDWD` S<;[AC FS;O?SO;>K =;OGA< [DGOS =SQ F CA[R PSD UDSVSR CD =BV [<CV L>\CD A[<CCD ^SDR ] VEY? DWB>=><S EC>PAS<BQCDb AC<;@A EO FS>CDLASFV LA=CDR ?DG=> [Y F;>LCAL><[ <GD ;>WDSO F S<[A EC>?>[AR ?DSD;Y< C>EYL>`S [>S<[>SAP<F?A[AR F [>S<[>[AR DWB>=>ÌA[A S<[ FLDbFSLD[R PSD N<;<=>`SFV DCA @<BA?D[R W<E DFS>S?>X 2Y FDL<;_<CCD C< EC><[R PSD DCA EC>P>SR CD E>SD DCA [DGOS N<;<=>L>SQFVX i<;<=>`SFV DCAR N;>L=>R BA_Q F ND[DIQ` VEY?> ] LDS L P<[ E>GLDE=?>X 1FBA <FSQ PSD&SDR PSD B<\AS O WYSAV L DFCDL<R S>? ^SDR ;>EO[<<SFVR S<BDX ,;AFSDS<BQ WYB C> ^SDS FP<S N;>LX : SU DC ;>EWA;><SFVR W<;V AU ND DP<;<=AR N;<LDFUD=CD ] NDF[DS;AS<R ?>? NA_<S DC D \ALDSCYUX a<GD <[O C< O=><SFVR DW;>SAS< LCA[>CA<R S>? ^SD OLVE>SQ LF< ^SD F FDWFSL<CCY[ OSL<;\=<CA<[ ] LYR <FS<FSL<CCDR ?>? V CA OL<I<L>B L>FR S;>?S>S H =O_< S>? A C< N;DPAS>BAR ] PSD P<BDL<? [YFBAS ] L ACFS;O& 133 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX [<CS>BQCD[R SLD;AS<BQCD[ N>=<\< ] =O_DbR SD <FSQR ?>? V C<=>LCD L>[ GDLD;ABR S<[A N;<=NDB>G><[Y[A [CAE[>[AR ?DSD;Y[A <GD S<BD ND==<;\AL><SFVX H=C>?D WO=<[ LCA[>S<BQCYX TSD [YR WB>GD=>;V C>_SAR ND;> C> FL>B?OR S>? ?>? F S? NDVLAB>FQ ZAEA?> ?L>CSDL>VR D [CAE[>U WDBQ_< C<S ;<PA ] [YFBA[ L S<;[AC>U [CAE[DLX ,;AFSDS<B` [A; [CAE[DL WYB <IJ PO\=X /D SDG=> P<BDL<? [YFBAS FLDP><S BA_QR PSD P<BDL<? [YFBAS [YFBQ` ,;AFSDS<BVX 3 [YFBQR <FS<FSL<CCDR N;>LAS W>BX 2Y EC><[R ?DC<PCDR PSD WYBA NDNYS?A NDBD\<CA< =?&SD OBOP_ASQX 1IJ =D NDVLB<CAV ?L>CSDLDb ZAEA?A LDECA? FLD<DW;>ECYb ^C<;G<SAE[ A FLVE>CC>V F CA[ A=<V G>[<DFS>E>X : FABO SDGDR PSD V C>EL>B FLDbFSL<CCDb VEY?O AC<;@A V ;<PQ N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb ^C<;GA`R <IJ C< L?B`P<CCO` L ^C<;G<SA?OR NDSD[O PSD ^C<;G<SA?> ^S> C<O=DWC> =BV AE[<;<CAVX TC<;G<SA?> A[<<S = C< F ?DBAP<FSL>[AR > F LYW;>CCY[A C>OG>= @AZ;>[AR [>CANOBV@AV ?DSD;Y[A N;<=NDB>G><SR PSD ?>?>V&SD L<BAPAC> DFS><SFV LF<G=> NDFSDVCCDbX aSD =D AC<;@AAR D ?DSD;Db A=<S ;<PQR SD C>[ N;A=<SFV ;>FF[>S;AL>SQ << C>
O;DLC< F>[DGD VEY?>X ->?>V FLVEQ [D\<S FOI<FSLDL>SQ [<\=O >;SA?OBV@A V D;G>CAEO<S VEY?R A C>FB>\=<CA<[R ?DSD;D< D?>EYL><SFV FOWFS>C@A\<CA<[ N;<=FS><S [A; =BV S;>=A@ADCCDb C>O?Ac 3[<CCD ^SD C>FB>\=<CA< LACDb SD[OR PSD pDG ] ^SD LYF_<< WYSA<X pYSA< ^SD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWD`R ND ,;AFSDS<B`R C< PSD ACD<R ?>? [<FSD EC>CAV ] EC>CAV D SD[R PSD VLBV<SFV =BV ?>\=DGD AE DFS>BQCYU FOI<FSL WB>GD[X - [YFBAR ?>? [Y << NDCA[><[R SD <FSQ ? [YFBAR C>UD=VI<bFV LD LB>FSA N;AFOIFAS<FQR F>[D< [>BD< DSCD_<CA<X /<O=ALAS<BQCDR PSD B`=V[ S>? =DBGD C<O=>L>BDFQ E>GC>SQ C>FB>\=<CA< L OGDBR F@>N>SQ <GDR N;AI<[ASQ <[O ULDFSR LDFNDBQEDL>L_AFQ =BV ^SDGD S<[R PSD F AC<;@AR NDUD\<R FDL[<FSA[D BOP_< LF<GDR ] A=<CCY< AE CASED[ =;OG F =;OGD[ F@<NBV`SFVX j ;>ELAL>B O\< D=C>\=Y E=<FQ ^SO [YFBQ A C>=<`FQ S<N<;Q F=SQ ^SD O=>PC<<X : N;D_BD[ GD=O ] V F>[ O=ALBV& 13w +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX `FQR CD F LDE;>FSD[ =>LCDFSQ FDWYSAb N;D_BDGD GD=> ?>\OSFV [C< FSDB<SCB L ?>P<FSL< S<[Y ZD;[OBOR PQ [Db LEGBV=R ?>? ;>E WD;;D[<<L OE<BK V S;<WO`R PSDWY SY DS?>E>BFV DS SDGDR PSD V S<W< N;<=B>G>`R NDSD[O PSD ^SD C< SDX ->? A LF< [DA ZD;[OBYR DC> FS;DGD ;>FFPAS>C> C> DN;<=<B<CCD< LDE=<bFSLA<X v>GBVCAS<R C>N;A[<;R L HGB>_<CCDGDX j C< F?>E>BK LYF?>EYL>CA< DFS><SFV E>WYSY[R V F?>E>BK SDS Z>?SR PSD GDLD;VSR DFS><SFV E>WYSY[X M>? A E=<FQ ] V C< F?>E>BK NDSD[O PSD ^SD LF<GD BA_Q LDS ^SD (F< nes que F>)X TSD C< SD (F< nes $as ca) ] LDS DCR ?;A?R NDELDBVÌAb DSBAPASQ NDBOP<CCD< C>FB>\=<CA< DS C>FB>\=<CAV D\A=><[DGDX 3[<CCD E=<FQ LF<R PSD [D\<S L VEY?< WYSQ LYF?>E>CDR N;ADW;<S><S VFCY< DP<;S>CAVX HS;A@>CA<R NDUD\<R A=<S DSF`=>X /D C< WDBQ_< SDGDX :YFS;>AL>V ^SO FS;O?SO;OR [Y S<[ F>[Y[ CAP<GD C< =D?>EYL><[ ] DP<LA=CD BA_QR PSD DC> LNAF>C> L F>[Yb S<?FS C>FB>\=<CAVR AWD FO=V ND =AFS>C@AAR DS=<BVÌFB>\=<CA< DS SDGDR D ?DSD;D[ WYB> WY ;<PQR WO=Q ^SD SDR DC> C< N;DFSD N;<=NDB>G><S C>FB>\=<CA<R ?DSD;D< WYBD WY S<[ (=>)& DC> CDFAS<BQ ACDGDR <IJ D=CDGDX :DS S>?X 3E[<;<CA< F?>EYL>CAV ] V NDLSD;V`FQR CD [Y C>UD=A[FV F L>[A L DWB>FSAR G=< NDLSD;<CA< ] ^SD E>?DCR ] ^SD AE[<;<CA<&F?>EYL>CAV <FSQ C< PSD ACD<R ?>? F?>E>CCD< u;<b=D[X pDBQ_< SDGDR ^SD =D?>E>S<BQFSLD FOI<FSLDL>CAV u;<b=> ] N;Db=<S L;<[VR A C>[ W<E C<GD WO=<S C< DWDbSAFQX j SDBQ?D PSD F;>LCAL>B <GD F };AFSD[R =;OGA[ C>_A[ UD;D_A[ EC>?D[Y[X oD?>E>S<BQFSLD FOI<FSLDL>CAV
};AFS> DP<LA=CD &^SD C< PSD ACD<R ?>? U;AFSA>CFSLDX };AFSA>CFSLDR C> F>[D[ =<B<R SL<;=D C> ^SD[ FSDASX 3R C>?DC<@R ? C>_A[ FBOG>[ M;A DP<;?> ND S<D;AA F<?FO>BQCDFSAR ? ?DSD;Y[ V NDN;DFAB WY L>F DW;>SASQFVR NDSD[O PSD [C< LCDLQ N;A=<SFV LDFNDBQEDL>SQFV ^SDb ;>WDSDbR GDLD;V D SD[R PSD VR N<;<LD=V C<[<@?D< T%#e!R EDLO te%#eR DS?BDC<CA<[R DS?BDC<CA<[ C>FB>\=<CAV DS N;V[DGD ?O;F>X :F< ^SD ] V C> ^SD[ C>FS>AL>` ] ND==<;\AL>BDFQ LD LFCSAPCDb ZABDFDZF?Db S;>=A@AA A=<CAVX ,;AFSDS<BQ WYBR FB>L> pDGOR =DFS>SDPCD O[<CR PSDWY LY& 13* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX =<BASQ L NDEC>Ì<[ ACS<BB<?S< SDR PSD [Y C>EYL><[ FA[LDBAP<F?Db ZOC?@A<bX HC ;>EGBV=SQX HC C< NDCVBR D=C>?DR C< WO=OPA L FDFSDVCAA LDFNDBQEDL>SQFV NBD=>[A U;AFSA>CF?DGD DS?;DL<CAVR PSD GDLD;V DW O[<R B),CR CDFAS<B<[ ?DSD;DGD LYFSON><S VEY?R [YR A DC L SD[ PAFB<R L<=<[ ;<PQ C< D P<[ ACD[R ?>? D C>FB>\=<CAA ] C>FB>\=<CAAR ?DSD;D< L [<S>ZD;AP<F?Db ZD;[< =><S D F<W< EC>SQ O C<GD NDLF`=OX :F< ^SA ;>EGDLD;Y D [>S<;AA A ZD;[< ] ;>EL< C< C>LD=VS DCA C> [YFBQ D FS>;Db ?>? [A; AFSD;AA FDLD?ONB<CAVc kLA=<L ^SDR DC NDCVB WYR PSD =<BD FDLF<[ C< L SD[R PSD DC =O[>BR PSD CA?>?DGD NDEC>CAV C<SR PSD C>FB>\=<CAVR L ?DSD;YU C>[ LA=ASFV <GD N;AE;>?R N;<=FS>LBV`S FDWD` BA_Q C<PSD L;D=< ;>=O\CDGD FN<?S;> W<BDGD FL<S>X 0 SDb <=ACFSL<CCDb DGDLD;?DbR ?DC<PCDR PSD C>FB>\=<CA<R D ?DSD;D[ E=<FQ A=<S ;<PQR B<\ASR F>[D ND F<W<R LC< FN<?S;>X 4<PQ A=<S D [<S>ZD;<X aSD ?>F><SFV C>FB>\=<CAVR CO\CD N;AEC>SQK LF<R PSD ND DSCD_<CA` ? C>FB>\=<CA`R ?DSD;D< VLBVBDFQ WY F<?FO>BQCY[ DSCD_<CAV[ >=<?L>SCDR VLBV<SFV PAFSY[ \OBQCAP<FSLD[ ] LF< ^SD DNA;><SFV C> BD\CO` @<B<FDDW;>ECDFSQX 3 NDSD[O B`WY< C>FB>\=<CAV VLBV`SFV BA_Q FDN<;CA?>[A SDb @<B<FDDW;>ECDFSAR D ?DSD;Db [D\CD WYBD WY GDLD;ASQR A[FB>\=<CA< F F<?FO>BQCY[A DSCD_<CAV[A UDSQ [>B<b_O` FLVEQX 4 j DFS>CDLB`FQ <IJ C<[CDGD C> ZAGO;< };AFS>R NDSD[O PSD ^SD N<;FDC>\ DP<CQ L>\CYb A NDSD[O PSD ^SD L<;C<S C>F ? S<[< W>;D??DX /< FBOP>bCD [Db =AF?O;F C>EYL>`S W>;DPCY[X j UDPO E>=>SQ L>[ D=AC LDN;DFK ?>?D< EC>P<CA< A[<<S =BV U;AFSA>CF?DGD OP<CAV C>BAPA< O };AFS> =O_Ac kP<CA< ^SD GDLD;AS AF?B`PAS<BQCD D LDNBDI<CAA pDG>R LDNBDI<CAA L S<B<K FS;>=>CA<R ?DSD;D< N;<S<;N<BD ^SD BA@DR DW<;COBDFQR ?>? NDB>G><S ^SD OP<CA<R C>FB>\=<CA<[ =BV =;OGDGDX /<S CAP<GDR P<GD WY E=<FQ C< UL>S>BDK =BV =O_A N;DFSD C< DFS><SFV [<FS>X
13y +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX :D };AFS<R =>\< LDF?;<F_<[R GB>LCD< ] ^SD <GD S<BDK SDR WB>GD=>;V P<[O DWI<CA< F /A[ N;ACA[><S ZD;[O AC?D;ND;>@AAR ND<=>CAV ] <;?DLQR C<L<FS> };AFSDL>R =DLDBQFSLO<SFVR ?>? LA=A[R D;>BQCY[ LB<P<CA<[R CAF?DBQ?D C< CO\=>VFQ L FDLD?ONB<CAAX : SDb DWB>FSAR G=< LBAVCA< U;AFSA>CFSL> D?>E>BDFQ LF<NDGBDI>ÌA[R L AF?OFFSL< ] A[<CCD E=<FQ DP<LA=C> FS>CDLASFV [DV WBAEDFSQ ? W>;D??DR ?DSD;O` V DUDSCD GDSDL N;AEC>SQ ] C> N<;LYb NB>C =<[DCFS;>SALCD LYUD=AS S<BD{ S<BDR P<S C>FB>\=<CA<K NDL<;QS< P<BDL<?OR SDBQ?D PSD L<;COL_<[OFV AE 3S>BAA F << D;GAV[A W>;DPCYU @<;?L<bX MDBQ?D FDLD?ONB<CA` E=<FQ C<S [<FS>X /D DSFOSFSLA< <GD C< EC>PASR PSD AF?OFFSLD ^SD ;>FFPAS>CD C> U>C\<bX HCD N;DFSD DFS><SFV LC< NDBV E;<CAVR ?>? A L \AECAR C<LA=A[D N;DCAE>CCDb DWB<?>ÌA[A <GD Z>CS>E[>[AX /AG=<R CA L D=CDb =;OGDb ?OBQSO;<R AF?B`P<CA< ^SD C< E>VLBV<S D F<W< F S>?Db DS?;DL<CCDFSQ`X 3 UDSV V FLDA LYF?>EYL>CAV FS;DGD =DEA;O`R F?>\O WDBQ_<K CAG=<R ?;D[< ?>? L U;AFSA>CFSL<R C< DWC>;O\AL><S N;DAEL<=<CA< AF?OFFSL> FSDBQ C<N;A?;YSDR P<[ DCD C> F>[D[ =<B< L<E=< A NDLF`=O VLBV<SFV ] C<N;AFSDbCDFSQ`X 3E[<;<CA< C<N;AFSDbCDFSAR AE[<;<CA<R G=< F?>EYL><SFV C<N;AFSDbCDFSQR ] LDS PSD NDELDBABD U;AFSA>CFSLO L<;COSQ ;<BAGA` B`=`FQ =>L>SQ ;<BAGAA DN;<=<B<CAVR NDF?DBQ?O AFSD;AA ;<BAGAAR ?>? A AFSD;AA AF?OFFSL>R N;DFSD C< FOI<FSLO<SX 4<BAGAAR ?>? A AF?OFFSL> ] ^SD LF< ;>LCD PSD [OFD;CD< L<=;DK CA [>B<b_UR ?DSD;Y< ?>\=>V ?OBQSO;> Z>W;A?O<S UO=D&W<=CD ?>? [D\<SR A C<PSD DWI<<X j A[<` L LA=O SD E>BD\<CCD< L N;A;D=< GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL> FLDbFSLDR PSD NDCO\=><S <GD AF?>SQ B`WDLCYU OSUR C<FDL[<FSA[YU F S<[R PSD V C>EL>B WY ] L F[YFB<R ?DSD;Yb V FBDLO =O_> SDBQ?D PSD N;A=>BR SD <FSQ L F[YFB< SDGDR WB>GD=>;V P<[O PSD&SD ZOC?@ADCA;O<S ] =O_D` FDLD?ONB<CAVX TSA[ FBDLD[ V DF[<BAL>`FQ E=<FQ DU>;>?S<;AEDL>SQ SDR PSD ] UDSVR WO=Q DCD =O_D` FDLD?ONB<CAV A =<bFSLAS<BQCD <GD ? ^SD[O FDLD?ONB<CA` NDWO\=>VR [DGBD WY FS>SQ N;<=[<SD[ SDb =AF@ANBACYR PSD V C>EYL>` ZAEA?DbR 137 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX ] [YFBQ`R
] DFS><SFV L =>CCD[ FBOP>< LF<GD BA_Q [YFBQ` N;<=NDB>G><[Db [Y_B<CA<[X />BA@D E=<FQ =Y;>X 3[V ^SDb =Y;< ] o;OGDbX 3[<CCD S>?R LD LFV?D[ FBOP><R FPEL>SQ ] o;OGDbR SD [<FSDR G=< ;<PQR WO=OPA CAEBD\<C>R DSBD\<C>R FBD\<C> WO=QS< LCA[>S<BQCY ? F[YFBDLY[ DSS<C?>[ ]
BD\ASFV L DFCDLO AFSACYR > F C_<CAVR PSD E>[<S FDWDb DSFOSFSLA< F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAbR ?DSD;Y< WYBA WY [YFBA[YR ABA [YFBA[Y [YFBA[Y[AR WO=Q LDE[D\<C =AF?O;FR ?DSD;Yb C< WYB WY ] LFND[CAS< S<[O D=CDGD AE [DAU F<[AC>;DL ] LYCO\=<C AFUD=ASQ AE D=CDb BA_Q LA=A[DFSAX 2YFBQ L<=<S ? FDE=>CA` C>O?A NDFSDBQ?O BA_QR NDF?DBQ?O N;<=NDB>G><SFVR PSD E> C=A@AAR A=OI;[<CA=>X i>;[<CA= D_AW>BFV ] N;>L WYB 6<;>?BASX TSD FS>CDLASFV D?DCP>S<BQCD VFCDR ?DG=> 6<;>?BAS L 93&[ Z;>G[<CS< N;DLDEGB>_><SR FS>LV =AF?O;F LB>FSA C> [<FSDR PSD XX ] DCR LB>=Y?>R LB>FSQ A[OIAbR =;OGA[A FBDL>[AR PQ< 2/ Lo<BQZ>UR ] X ] A C< DS?;YL><S A C< OS>AL><SR > ND=><S EC>?AX }DPO ND=<BASQFV F L>[AK <FSQ >LSD;R DS ?DSD;DGD V W<E O[>X aAS>V 0LVSDGD uD[OR V WO?L>BQCD LC< F<WV DS LDFSD;G>R V N;DFSA;>`FQ CA@X iDSD[O PSD C>NAF>CD ^SD =<bFSLAS<BQCD E=D;DLDX MDS Z>?SR PSD ZABDFDZAV ,;AFSDS<BV WYB> N;ALAS> FLVSY[ uD[Db SD[OR PSD [D\CD WYBD WY C>EL>SQR <FBA DCD =<bFSLAS<BQCD FOI<FSLO<SR U;AFSA>CF?A[ FDEC>CA<[R [D\CD DWdVFCASQ BA_Q S<[R PSD U;AFSA>C ] ?>? A NFAUD>C>BASA?DL ] SDR PSD A[ DS?;YBDFQR NDL<;GBD L O\>FX 3 C< C>N;>FCDX vAVCA<R ?DSD;D< O GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL>R PQ< C>FB>\=<CA< VLBV<SFV AE[<;<CA<[ SR G=< \AL<S F?>EYL>CA<R LNAF>CD L ^SD C>FB>\=<CA< AEC>P>BQCDR ?>? ;>E A DWC>;O\AL><S u;<b= L UD=< SDGD AFNYS>CAV ] AC>P< [C< <GD C< C>EL>SQ ] OFBDLA<[ ?DSD;DGD VLBV<SFV F>[D FOI<FSLDL>CA< ;<PAX M>[R G=< GDLD;VS ] LF<G=> C>FB>\=>`SFVX 3 LDLF< C< DWVE>S<BQCD EC>`SK CA D ZAEADBDGAA C<;LCDb FAFS<[YR CA D SD[R ?>? N;>LABQCD C>BD\ASQ W>C=>\R CA D N;<\=<L;<[<CCD[ F<[VAEL<;\<CAA [Y DS W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGD CAP<GD CDLDGD C< OEC>BAX
13e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX : E>L<;_<CA< F?>E>CCDGD [CD` DW AFSACCDb ;<BAGAA UDPO E>[<SASQR ND?> <FSQ L;<[VR PSD pDG C< E>VLBV<S D F<W< AC>P<R ?>? NDF;<=FSLD[ NAF>CAbR S>? C>EYL><[YU FLVI<CCYU NAF>CAbX 0LVI<CCYU L ?>?D[ F[YFB<c : SD[R PSD DCA C< N<;<FS>`S S<;N<SQ C<O=>PO ] N;DPSAS< 0DBD[DC>R ^SDGD [^S;> AE [^S;DLR NDAFSAC< 8"DK ^SD SAN L [D<[ L?OF< ] S<;N<SQ C<O=>PO L NDNYS?>U C>bSA [O=;DFSQR ?DSD;Db WY F>[D WYSA< LYFSON>BD FLA=<S<B<[X TSD C< EC>PASR PSD L;<[V DS L;<[<CA C< W;<E\ABD C<PSD S>?D<R WB>GD=>;V P<[O C>FB>\=<CA` ] W<E ?DSD;DGD CA?>?Db [O=;DFSA C< WYBD WY ] [DGBD ND?>E>SQFVR WO=SD <[O O=>BDFQR C>?DC<@R N;<FBDLOSDb [YFBA D WYSAA O=DLB<SLD;ASQ LNDBC<X p<=> BA_Q L SD[R PSD O=DLB<SLD;<CA< ^SD LF<G=> =D&
FSAG>BDFQ ] OLY ] BA_Q @<CDb ?>FS;>@AAX : S>DAE[<R ? N;A[<;O ] LY C< EC><S<R C>L<;CD<R PSD ^SD S>?D<R CD V <GD AEOP>BR AEOP>B S<?FSYR ;>EO[<<SFV ] S>? LDSR L S>DAE[< ^SD B<\AS C> NDL<;UCDFSA L F>[Db F<?FO>BQCDb N;>?SA?<X pB>GDSLD;CY[ DCA FPAS>`S E>=<;\AL>SQ F<[VX o;OGDbR DWI<AEL<FSCYbR N;A[<; ] WO==AE[R F <GD DS?>ED[ DS [Y_B<CAVX .OP_<<R PSD =>B WO==AE[ ] ^SD =E<CR > =E<C FDFSDAS L SD[R PSD C> LDN;DFY SLDA S<W<R =;O\D?R DSL`S B><[X /D ?DG=> CO\CD AE ^SDGD >=>R ?>? GDLD;AB u;<b=R LYW;>SQFVR BOP_<GD LYUD=> NDAFSAC< C< C>bSAX ,CSAPCY< F?>E>CAVR ABA [AZYR ?>? LY AU C>EYL><S< ] -BD= .<LA&0S;DFF SD\< C>EYL>B AU A[<CCD S>?R ] S< [AZY 0;<=AE<[CD[D;QVR ?DSD;Y[A F<bP>F N;<=NDPAS>`S C< E>CA[>SQFVK LD&N<;LYUR E> C<L<;DVSCY[ AU AEDWABA<[ AR LD& LSD;YUR NDSD[O PSD AE CAU O\< LY\>BA FSDBQ?DR PSD C<AEL<FSCD S<N<;QR F ?>?Db FSD;DCY ND=FSONASQFV{ S>? LDSR [AZY ^SA SD\< FD=<;\>S L F<W< C<PSD L NFAUD>C>BASAP<F?D[ ;D=<X pDGA ] AU WYBD S>[ UDSQ BDN>SDb G;<WAR CO\CD WYBD SDBQ?D C>bSA F<W< ND=UD=VI<GDX :F< ?>? O C>FR ?DG=> N>@A<CSR E>L<;_AL >C>BAER S;>U><S WB>GDNDBOPCD FLD` FBOP>bCO` NDBDLAC?OX /D SD WYBAR ?>?&CA?>?R WDGAR SD <FSQ WDB<< ABA [<C<< OFSDbPALY< LDNBDI<CAV WDBQ_DGD o;OGDGDX :N;DP<[R =DLDBQCD F<SDL>SQ C> C<[DIQ >C>BAE> ] A=<[ =>BQ_<X ->? CA O=ALAS<BQCDR CD LF< ^SD D?>E>BDFQ F U;AFSA>CF& 139 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX ?A[A L<;DL>CAV[A C>FSDBQ?D UD;D_D FDL[<FSA[DR PSD AFSD;AV FS>B> FLA=<S<B<[ LDE;D\=<CAV NDBAS<AE[> ] SDGD F>[DGD ;<C<FF>CF>R PSD =>B FLD< A[V @<BDb ^NDU<X j GDLD;` ^SDR NDSD[O PSD NDF<SAB C<=>LCD C<[>BD [OE<<L A NDCVBR PSD -DCS;;<ZD;[>@AV ] ^SD LDEL;>I<CA< ? AFSD?>[R > W>;D??D ] ^SD << BA@DX p>;D??D ] ^SD ;<GOBV@AV =O_A NOS<[ FDE<;@>CAV SX />[ FB<=DL>BD WY D=C>\=Y ] C< EC>`R C>b=<SFV BA O [<CV =BV ^SDGD L;<[V ] E>S;DCOSQR UDSV WY ?;><[R A S<[O [OEY?AX 0<GD=CVR D=C>?DR V GDLD;` BA_Q D SD[R PSD [D\CD LA=<SQ LD LFCF?AU U;>[>U 1L;DNYR D SD[ E;<BAI< ?DCLOBQFAbR C>FB>\=<CAb A W;<=>R PSD ;>ELD;>PAL><SFV N<;<= E;A& S<B<[ C> AU FS<C>UX TSD C< PSD ACD<R ?>? C<N;AFSDbCDFSQR D ?DSD;Db V SDBQ?D PSD GDLD;ABR ] C<N;AFSDbCDFSQR N;<LDEC<F<CC>V =D C<W<FX j NYS>`FQ N;<=FS>LASQ F<W< P<BDL<?>R ?DSD;Yb N;AB L 1L;DNO AE ?AS>bF?Db GBOWAC?A ] ACS<;<FCDR ?>?D< LNSB<CA< N;DAEL<=<S C> C<GD ^SD AEDWABA< AEDW;>\<CAb [OP<CA?DLX :N;DP<[R L<;CD L AU DSCD_<CAA A DW;>SCD< ] L<=Q FBDLD [OP<CA?R ?>? LY EC><S<R DEC>P><S FLA=<S<BQR S>? PSD ^SA AEDW;>\<CAV F>[A [OP<CA?AR F>[A FLA=<S<BA WDB<< ABA [<C<< W<FN;A[<FCDGD FS;>=>CAVX 3[<CCD ^SD N;<=FS>LBVB> FDWDb C>_> \ALDNAFQR ND?> UO=D\CA?A C< LYUDBDFSABA <<R LF<;Q<E E>CVL_AFQ ;>FP<;PAL>CA<[
UDBFS> C> [>B<CQ?A< ?L>=;>SA?AX : \ALDNAFA W>;D??D C>BA@D O[>B<CA< ;D=> P<BDL<P<F?DGD ] C<=>;D[ FBDLD GO[>CAS>;CYb FDELOPCD GO[OFOR N;>UOX 3[<CCD NOS<[ O[>B<CAV ;>FFPASYL><S <;?DLQ =DL<FSA P<BDL<P<F?Ab ;D= =D ?DC@> L;<[<CX k[>B<CA< ^SD N;DPCD O?D;<C<CD L U>;>?S<;CD[ =BV F<?FO>BQCDFSA GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL> EAVCAA{ C< [<C<< N;DPCDR OLYR C<\<BA ] V CA C> PSD C< FDWA;>`FQ OS;>SASQ C>=<\=O ] WO=OI<< C>O?AX pO=OI<< C>O?A ] S>? C>EL>B FLD` ?CAGO <IJ D=AC NDNA?R T;C<FS 4<C>CR SD\< FBO\AL_Ab AFSAC< AED LFB D=CDGD ] CD C<N;<[<CCDR > SD W<=>K PSDWY DC> C< LB<?B> E> FDWDb CA?>?AU NDFB<=FSLAbX 3?DCD[AV C>FB>\=<CAV ] LDS =D P<GD C>[ ND?> <IJ =>B<?DX /D [YR ?>?& CA?>?R E>ACS<;<FDL>CY L C<bX ,C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F ?>? ;>E A =><S C>[ [>B<CQ?Ab _>CF L;<[V DS L;<[<& 1w7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX CAR ND PAFSDb FBOP>bCDFSAR PSD&CAWO=Q C> FSQX /< CDFA [DV F<GD=CV_CVV B<?@AV >WFDB`SCD DS;A@>S<BQCYbR NDBCDFSQ` C<G>SALCYb U>;>?S<;R V O=>;ABFV WYR P<GD =DW;DGDR L ZABDFDZA`X :N;DP<[R <FSQ \<R ?>? [Y SDBQ?D PSD LA=<BAR C<F?DBQ?D S;>=A@ADCCYU OP<CAbR WB>GDND& BOPCD =D\AL_AU =D C>_AU =C<bn ->? EC>SQR [D\<S A >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;F N;AL<=<S C>F L ?DC@< ?DC@DL ? DS?;YSA` P<GD&SD FDL<;_<CCD DFDWDGDn aSD S>?D<R L ?DC@< ?DC@DLR ^C<;G<SA?>R ?>? C< PAFSD [>S<[>SAP<F?Ab ZD?OFc /D >C>BASAP<F?Ab ZD?OF FL<FSA ? [>S<[>SAP<F?D[O C<BQEVX 3[<CCD NDSD[O A DSBAP><SFV =AF?O;F NFAUD>C>BAE> DS =AF?O;F> C>OPCDGDX 3S>?R NDBD\A[FVR D\A=>VR ND?> ^SDS _>CF C>[ LYN>=<SR C> O=>PO ] <IJ ;>EX e [>V 1973 GD=>X
)* ' 2C< N;AFCABFV F<GD=CV FDCK V LUD\O L ^SO >O=ASD;A`R > DC> NOFS>X TSD BA_CAb ;>E GDLD;AS D SD[R PSD L FCDLA=<CAA [Y A[<<[ =<BD F \CA<[X }DSQ V A ;>EGC<L>BFVR PSD NDS<;VB L;<[V C>N;>FCDR S>? ?>? A LD FC<
1w1 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X
ND[CABR PSD C>?>COC< =D NDBNVSDGD OS;> GDSDLABFV ? B<?@AAR O=DLB<SLD;<CA< WYBD C>BA@D ] V [DG FD FND?DbCDb FDL<FSQ` L>BVSQ =O;>?> 1 j F?>\O ] E> ^SA[ V E=<FQ C>UD\OFQ ] F?>\O <IJ ;>E ] [C< FLDbFSL<CCD NDLSD;VSQFV ] SDR PSD LF<G=> GDLD;AB A PSD ELOPAS G V?X [<S>VEY?> C<SX 6DLD;V ^SDR V A[<` L LA=OR <FS<FSL<CCDR PSD C< FOI<FSLO<S VEY?> WYSAVX /D A WYSA< ] <FSQ BA DCDc ->? V O\< GDLD;AB L>[ L NDFB<=CAb ;>ER ND&[D<[OR <GD C<SX 6DLD;VSR PSD WYSA< <FSQR > C<WYSAV C<SX 3BA <FSQR ABA C<SX 1FSQ FBDL>R E> ?DSD;Y[AR ?>? FPAS><SFVR FSDAS WYSA< ] FOWFS>C@AVR C>N;A[<;R ABA AC=ALA=X oBV [<CV LF< ^SD C< WDB<<R P<[ ^ZZ<?SY F?>&EYL>CAVX 0BDLD FOWd<?S C<F<S O [<CV FDL<;_<CCD =;OGDb >?@<CSX j DS[<\<LYL>`FQ DS VEY?> WYSAVX 3 N;<=NDB>G>` S<[ F>[Y[R PSD [DGOS FOI<FSLDL>SQ FBDL<FCYb ZA?@AA ] ZA?@AAR W<;OIA< C>P>BD L FBDL<X 3[<CCD AE ^SDGD V AFUD=ABR <FBA ND[CAS<R ?DG=> GDLD;AB DW ^SA?<X 1FBA V NA_O L<IAR ?DSD;Y< LYFSON>`S L ZD;[>U VEY?>R ^SD C< EC>PASR PSD V N;ANAFYL>` [<S>VEY?O WYSA<X : N;DSALCD[ FBOP>< [C< FB<=DL>BD WY N;<=FS>LASQ [<S>VEY? ?>? C<PSD F>[DFSDVS<BQCD<R FOI<FSLOÌ<< F>[D ND F<W<R ?>? VEY? WYSAVX 1w2 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X 2>S<[>SAP<F?>V ZD;[>BAE>@AV ] ^SD C>_> @<BQR C>_ A=<>BX iDP<[Oc iDSD[O PSD SDBQ?D DC> ND;D\=><S [>S<[OR SDR PSD [D\<S WYSQ N<;<=>CD W<E DFS>S?>X 2>S<[>SAP<F?>V ZD;[>BAE>@AV DSCDFASFV ? ;>E;V=O NAFQ[>R CD FOI<FSLO<S ?>? S>?DL>V NDFSDBQ?O BA_QR NDF?DBQ?OR PSDWY N;<=FS>LASQ <<R V AFNDBQEO` ;>EGDLD;CYb VEY?X : ^SD[ E>GLDE=?> ] CA?>?>V ZD;[>BAE>@AV VEY?> C< [D\<S WYSQ N<;<=>C> W<E AFNDBQEDL>CAV F>[DGD VEY?>X .A_Q GDLD;VR =>` V ^SDb ZD;[>BAE>@AAR ^SD[O A=<>BO [<S>VEY?>R LC<&FOI<FSLDL>CA<R ^?F& FAFS<C@A`X M>? PSD FA[LDBAP<F?D< C< FDLN>=><S CA L ?D<[ FBOP>< F WYSA<[R LDLF< C<S ] DCD LC<&FOI<FSLO<S L D?>EYL>CAAX 3[<CCD ^SD ND=P<;?COB V L L HGB>_<CCD[R F?>E>LR PSD LC<&FOI<FSLDL>CA< ] O=?D[ DSCD_<CAAc H=C> AE GB>LCYU [YFB E>CCYU [CDb L N;D_BYb ;>ER E>?B`P><SFV L SD[R PSDR L DSBAPA< DS LF&BAWD WYBA L UD=OR NFAUD>C>BAE OSL<;\=><S ] ^SD FS<;\<CQ [D<GD OP<CAV ] PSD V GDLD;`R C< EC>V ^SDGDX 6DLD;`R CAP<GD C< ND=DE;<L>VR FDWFSL<CCY[ S<BD[X 3 NDSD[O LF<G=> LYF?>EYL>` WDBQ_<R P<[ NDB>G>`X MOS&SD A LYVFCV<SFV F[YFBR ?DSD;Yb A[<<S L NFAUD>C>BASAP<F?Db BAS<;>SO;< FBDLD FOWd<?SX MDR PSDR C< EC>V ^SDGDR GDLD;ASR DW;>I><S [<CV L VR FOWd<?S GB>GDB> L F>[D[ _A;D?D[ F[YFB<X /D PSDWY C>=<BASQ [<CV WYSA<[ ^SDGD C<=DFS>SDPCDX v=<FQ C<S CAP<GDR PSD [C< N;AUD=ASFV L?B>=YL>SQ L WYSA< ] =DFS>SDPCD EC>CAVR PSDWY N;D=<;\>SQFVR CD CA ?>NBA WDBQ_<X
TSD A <FSQ SD F>[D<R PSD =D FAU ND; C>EYL>BA ZD;[DbX k iB>SDC>R ZD;[> ] ^SD SD EC>CA<R ?DSD;Y[ WYSA< C>NDBC<CDX vC><S DC> ;DLCD FSDBQ?DR F?DBQ?D DC> GDLD;ASX HC> ;<>BQC> ] L SD[ F[YFB<R PSD FD=<;\AS L F<W< WYSA<R ?>? L P>_<R CD P>_> ^S> NDBC> =D ?;><LX HC> N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb EC>CA< WYSAVX oAF?O;F WYSAV N;<=NDB>G><SR PSD WYSA< <FSQ ] DC C> ^SD[ A =<;\ASFVX : WYSAAR D=C>?DR C< DWUD=ASFV =<BD W<E DSCD_<CAbR ?DSD;Y[ D F<W< EC>SQ C< =>CDX 3U FS;O?SO;> [<CV ?>? ;>E A ACS<;<FO<SR NDF?DBQ?O ^SD C<LDE[D\CD<R ?>? V SDBQ?D PSD F?>E>BR EC>CA< ND=B<\AS S<[ F>[Y[ E>N;<SOX :DFNDBQEO<[FV E=<FQ E>BD\<CCDb LD Z;>C@OEF?D[ VEY?< =LOF[YFB<CCDF& 1w3 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X SQ`K ^SD C<LDE[D\CD< EC>CA< ND=L<;GCOSD @<CEO;<R E>N;<I<CDR #n e%t# R CD FSDAS L>[ E>NAF>SQ SD \< FBDLD C<F?DBQ?D ND&=;OGD[OR ?>? VFCD FS>C<SR PSD DCD #n e%&t# R LYF?>E>CD [<\=O FS;D?X :>\CD LYVFCASQ S<N<;QR ? ?>?DGD ;D=> ;<>BQCDFSA DCDR ^SD EC>CA<R DW<FN<PAL><S C>[ =DFSONX /<DWUD=A[D ND?>E>SQR ? P<[O ^SD DWB<P<CA< L ZD;[OR ^SDS C<FOI<FSLOÌAb [<S>VEY?R ?DSD;D[O V FDDWI>` LC<&FOI<FSLDL>CA<R L ?DC<PCD[ FP<S< N;ALD=ASX : DSCD_<CAA SDGDR PSD N;D=<[DCFS;A;DL>SQ C<LDE[D\CDR ?D<&PSD AFSACCD< O=><SFVR D=C>?DR ND;D` LYF?>E>SQX 3[<CCD S>? NDBOP><[ [Y L FLD< ;>FND;V\<CA< <=ACFSL<CCYb ;D= AFSACYR C>[ =DFSONCYbR E>VLBVÌAb D F<W<R L P>FSCDFSAR C<BDL?DFSQ`R C<O[<CA<[X - AFSAC< [C< LF<G=>R P<FSCD GDLD;VR ND=FSONASQFV S;O=CD ] C< B<GP<R P<[ ? \<CIAC<X j O\< GDLD;AB L>[R PSD AFSAC> A \<CIAC> ] =BV [O\PACYR LD LFV?D[ FBOP>< ] D=CD A SD \<X 0 CA[A D=AC>?DLD S;O=CDR CD PSD WY CA GDLD;ABA C> ^SDS FP<SR S> A =;OG>VR O\ S>? NDBOPABDFQR N;AUD=VSFV [C< ND L?OFOX /<FDDSL<SFSLA< [<\=O WYSA<[ A EC>CA<[ ] LDS PSD S>?D< =BV C>F FOWd<?SX TSD C< [<_><S C>[ OSL<;\=>SQ L SD \< L;<[VR PSD C<FDDSL<SFSLAV C<S ] C<S F SDP?A E;<CAV SDb AG;YR AG;Y L <IJR L ?DSD;O` [Y L ^SD[ GD=O AG;><[X 2Y <IJ C>UD=A[FV L OFBDLAVU C<=DFS>S?> EC>CAVX 3[<CCD ND^SD[O ^S> AG;> L <IJ N;D=DB\><SFV ] C< NDSD[OR PSDR EC>b [Y NDWDBQ_<R [Y D?>E>BAFQ WY L LYAG;Y_<R > NDSD[O PSD C>FB>\=<CA<R LDE[D\CDR D?>E>BDFQ WY NDBCD@<CC<<R BOP_< FDDSL<SFSLDL>BD WY FLD @<BQ C>FB>\=<CAV ] ?>? FLA=<S<BQFSLO<S DW ^SD[ LF< SDR PSD u;<b= GDLD;AS D LB<P<CAVUR C>EL>CCYU A[ C<O=>PCD P>FSAPCY[A ] @<BQ C>FB>\=<CAV B<\AS L SD[R LD PSD DCDR L ?DC@< ?DC@DLR LYBAL><SFVR L N;D=DB\<CAA ;D=>X 0 ] ^SD C< WYSA<R ^SD C<PSD S>?D<R PSD N;<=NDB>G><[ [Y L GDLD;VI<[X MDR PSD GDLD;ASR A[<<S =<BD AF?B`PAS<BQCD F D=ACDP<FSLD[R A DSCD_<CAV <GD F CA[ V C< [DGO DU>;>?S<;AEDL>SQ BOP_<R ?>? NDLSD;AL D=C>\=Y O\< F?>E>CCD< ] DCA C< [DGOS NAF>SQFVX aSD ?>F><SFV F>[DGD D=ACDP<FSL>R SD DCDR WO=OPA
DWOFBDLB<CD ;>E;YLD[ L EC>CAAR C< SDBQ?D [D\<S NAF>SQFVR DCD VLBV<SFV S<[R PSD NA_<SFV ND N;<A[OI<FSLOR AWD DCD <FSQ SDR PSD DFS>LBV<S DS ;>E;YL> L WYSAA FB<=X 1ww +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X 3[<CCD DW ^SD[ F?>E>B V L S<?FS<R C< F>[D[ O=>PCD[R ?DC<PCDR ND= E>GB>LA<[ ;X jEY?DL>V SOP> ] C>NAF>B VR N;AW<GCOL ? [<S>ZD;< ] N;DBAL><SFV NAFQ[D[X -SD EC><SR C< FLVE>CD BA SDR PSD L LD=CYU NDSD?>UR ?DSD;Y< LA=V F>[DB<SD[ 0AWA;QR N;DPASYL>`SFV C>[A [<S>& ZD;AP<F?A< FB<=Y NAFQ[> ] C<=>;D[ NAFQ[<CCYb _;AZS C>EYL>BA C<?DG=> LVEQ`R ] F P<[&SD ? =D\=` C< A[<ÌA[ DSCD_<CAVR F P<[&SD S>?A[R PSD \ALDSCD< N;DP<FSQ CA?DG=> C< F[D\<Sc 0?D;<<R ^SD FLVE>CD F SDb ZD;[Db A=<>BAE[>R ?DSD;O` V UDS[ OFLDASQ ] C< SDbR PSD AFND& L<=DL>B p<;?BA L S< L;<[<C>R ?DG=> FOWd<?S NDBOPAB C<E>LAFA[DFSQ{ C< SDbR =BV ?DSD;Db LF<R PSD [Y EC><[R FLD=ASFV ? N;<=FS>LB<CAV[R > SDbR PSD N;DAFS<?><S AE C<LDE[D\CDFSA C>bSA =BV F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb [<\=O =LO[V S[A ;>EBAPCDGD NDB> >=<?L>SCO` E>NAFQX M>?A[ DW;>ED[ A LDECA?><S N;D<[R ?O=> LUD=ASR PSDWY F=SQ [<CV FLDA[ N>;SC<;D[R [A;X 6DLD;VI<< S<BD C< [D\<S F<WV LDFN;DAEL<FSAR <FBA C< D?>EYL><SFV L DSCD_<CAA FLD<GD C>FB>\=<CAV \<;SLDb C<=D;>EO[<CAVX HCD LDFN;DAELD=AS F<WVR =;OGA[A FBDL>[AR WB>GD=>;V C<O=>P<R ?DSD;O` S<;NAS L NDNYS?< LYF?>E>SQFVR AWD SDR PSD DCD UDP<S LYF?>E>SQ ] F[YFBR ?>? [Y GDLD;A[ ND&Z;>C@OEF?AR SDGDR PSD DCD UDP<S LYF?>E>SQ ] A <FSQ << C>FSDVI<< C>FB>\=<CA<X 3 BA_Q NDS<;N<L L ^SD[ C<O=>POR DCD LDFN;DAELD=AS F<WV ] S;>U>V FLD<GD N>;SC<;>X MD <FSQ =V ?>? ;>E SDR PSD =SQ DCDR L ?DC<PCD[ FP<S<R C< UDP<SX /<=>;D[R DFS>L_AFQ D=CDR DCD FOWBA[A;O<S C>N;DN>BO` A LA=AS LD LF<[ -;>FDSO A pB>GD ] C< GDLD;V O\< DW 3FSAC<K A[<CCD SDG=>R ?>? [Y O\< GDLD;ABAR DCD D?>EYL><SFV ? SD[OR D P<[ A=<S ;<PQR LF<GD WBA\<X 3FSAC>R D=C>?DR FDFSDAS L SD[R PSD N>;SC<; =;OGDGD NDB> DFS><SFV o;OGA[X 3 BA_Q NDS<;N<L L FLD<[ C>FB>\=<CAA C<O=>PO [D\<S DCD F<WV LDFN;DAEL<FSAR CAP<GD C< EC>V D SD[R PSD A[<CCD <GDR FDWFSL<CCDR LDFN;DAELD=ASX MDPC<< GDLD;V ] u;<b=R UDSV A W<FND[DICDR CD BOP_< O C>F LF< ;>LCD C< NDBOPASFVR DW ^SD[ F?>E>B ] DCD CA?DG=> C< EC><SR PSD A[<CCD LDFN;DAELD=AS <GDK \AECQ ABA F[<;SQX i;AUD=ASFV NDVFCASQR D=C>?DR ?>? DWFSDAS =<BD F [<S>VEY?D[ A NDP<[O <GD B<G?D FNOS>SQ FD FB<=D[R ?DSD;Yb DFS>L& 1w* +>? .>?>C
1IJK GB>L> X BV<S VEY?X 3WD A[<CCD S>? LDEL;>I><SFV FOWd<?S ? DS?;YSA` SDGD ?D;;<BVS> VEY?>R PSDR WO=OPAR L=DW>LD?R EC>CA<[ D WYSAAR =><S <[O _>CF N;AWBAEASQFV ? o;OGD[OR ? <GD WYSA`R D ?DSD;D[R ?>? V F?>E>B L N;D_BYb ;>E ] ^SD LSD;>V [DV GB>LC>V [YFBQR ] DC C< UDP<S CAP<GD EC>SQX 0S;>FSQ C<L<\<FSL>X :DS NDP<[O =LO[V =;OGA[A FS;>FSV[A VLBV`SFV S>? C>EYL><[Y< B`WDLQ ] ?DSD;>V FD EC>CA<[R PSD WY CA GDLD;ABA ZABDFDZYR C< A[<<S CAP<GD DWI<GD ] A C<C>LAFSQR ?DSD;>V SD[O WYSA`R PSD V EDLO LC<&FOI<FSLDL>CA<[R WBA\< LF<GDX /APSD C< C>LB<?><S C> F<WV S>?Db C<C>LAFSAR ?>? ;<PQR L ?DSD;Db ^SD LC<&FOI<FSLDL>CA< A[<<S [<FSDX iAFQ[DR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R ^SD FB<=R G=< N;DPASYL><SFV ^ZZ<?S VEY?>X 3[<CCD ^SD A N;DAFUD=ASR ?DG=> LY F>=AS<FQ [>;>SQ WO[>GOX j SD\< L ^SD[R ;>EO[<<SFVR F<W< C< DS?>EYL>`R E>NAFYL>V =BV F<WV SDR PSD [C< N;<=FSDAS F?>E>SQ C> E>CVSAAX : C>BAPAA NAFQ[>R DW;>SAS< LCA[>CA<R C<DWUD=A[D O=DFSDL<;ASQFVX k=DFSDL<;V<S <GDR D=C>?DR C< [<S>VEY?R UDSV <GD A [D\CD AFNDBQEDL>SQ L DP<CQ NDUD\ DFS><SFVR LF< \<R LSD;APCDb ND DSCD_<CA` ? o;OGD[OR ?O=> VEY? LNAF>C L ?>P<FSL< AFSACYX :F<R PSD V [DG WY E>NAF>SQ C> =DF?<R AFNDBQEOV DWIA< ZD;[OBYR FLVEYL>ÌA<R C>N;A[<;R ?>? NDFB<=CA< ZD;[OBY TbC_S<bC>R [>S<;A` A ^C<;GA`R NDBOPAS F[YFB BA_Q NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O WO=<S ND==<;\>CD DN;<=<B<CCY[A VEY?DLY[A LYF?>EYL>CAV[A A N;>?SA?Db B`= CAV C>[A ;>FND;V\>`SFVX 3S>?R V LDEL;>I>`FQ ? S<[<R ;<_AL C>@>;>N>SQ PSD&CAWO=Q C> BAFS< WO[>GA ] ?>? \< SOS DWDb=<_QFV W<E BACAbX : ;<EOBQS>S< [Y C<[<=B<CCD NDN>=><[ L [A; S>? C>EYL><[YU AE[<;<CAbX 2 .ACAV N;<;YL><SFV SDP?DbX 1FBA SDP?> C< A[<<S AE[<;<CAbR SD BACAVR ND DN;<=<B<CA`R A[<<S D=CDX iDL<;UCDFSQR L FLD` DP<;<=QR N;<;YL><SFV BACA X iDF?DBQ?OR NDL<;UCDFSQR L FLD` DP<;<=QR N;<;YL><S N;DFS;>CFSLDR O N;DFS;>CFSL> AU S;AX 1wy +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X TSD DWdVFCV<S F[YFB EC>?>R ?DSD;Yb V C>NAF>B C> =DF?<X vC>? ^SDS A[<<SR FO=V ND <GD LA=OR DSCD_<CA< ? NAFQ[<CCDFSAR A LNDBC< [DG WY FDbSA E> WO?LOX H=C>?D N;A F?D;DNAFA L>[ C< N;AUD=AS L GDBDLO DSD;L>SQ N<;D DS WO[>GAR ?DG=> BACAA N<;<F<?>`SFVR PSDWY ND==<SQ D=CO BACA`R UDSV WY [YFB<CCDR ND= =;OGO`R S>? ?>? NAFQ[D C< ;>FNDB>G><SFV L S;<U[<;CD[ N;DFS;>CFSL<X
4AFOCD? 1X
-DG=> BACAA C> ND=DWCD[ ;AFOC?< N<;<F<?>`SFVR N;<=NDB>G><SFVR PSD D=C> AE CAU N;DUD=AS ND= =;OGDbX 3[<CCD ^SD E=<FQ A ND?>E>CD ] F SDb <=ACFSL<CCDb ;>ECA@ [A D=C>&<=ACFSL<CC>VX /D ?;OGD[ <<R C<F[DS;V C> ^SDR C< C>EDL<_QR NDSD[O PSD DC> N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb NBDF?D< AEDW;>\<CA< OEB>X iD^SD[O BACAV ^S>R ^S> L<;<LDP?>R FDLF<[ C< SD \< F>[D<R PSD S> BACAVR ?DSD;O` [Y DN;<=<BABA SDBQ?D PSD ND DSCD_<CA` ? N;DFS;>CFSLO ?>? G;>CA@O DSL<;FSAVR ?>? SDR PSD DS=<BV<S LC<_C<< DS LCOS& ;<CC<GDX o>SQ ^SDb CDLDb BACAA N;DFS;>CFSL<CCD< LDNBDI<CA< C< S>? N;DFSDX oD?>EYL><SFV ^SD UDSV WY S<[R PSD A=<>BQC>VR N;DFS<b_>V CASDP?> N;<=FS>LBVB> WY FDWDb SD;X i;D_BD C<[>BD L;<[<CAR N;<\=< P<[ O=>BDFQR F ND[DIQ` SDNDBDGAAR OVFCASQR PSD E>?B`P<CCD< LCOS;A SD;> C< A[<<S CAP<GD DWI<GD F E>?B`P<CCY[ LCOS;A NOEY;VX aSD WY LY F NDL<;UCDFSQ` SD;> CA =BAR OEB> LY AE C<< C< NDBOPAS<X v>SD [<FSO SD;>R ?>? ND?>EYL><S ;AFOCD?R LY B<G?D [D\<S< N;A=>SQ ZD;[O OEB>X 3 L ^SD[ F[YFB< SD;R DF[<B`FQ E>[<SASQ ] ^SD C< PSD ACD<R ?>? ;>EO[R S>? ?>? DC NDELDBV<S LVE>SQ OEBYX :DS NDP<[O ZAGO;>R ?DSD;O` LY LA=AS< C> =DF?<R ^SDS F?;OP<CCYb SD;R N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWD` DW;>ER L F>[Db FOUDbR FU<[>SAPCDb ZD;[<R SDb S;DA@YR D ?DSD;Db [Y L N;D_BYb ;>E GDLD;ABA ] D=CD A S;A N;DFSY[ ;DFP<;?D[X 1w7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X H=C>?D F ND[DIQ` ZD?OF>R ?DSD;Yb V L>[ L FLD< L;<[V N;D=<[DCFS;A;DL>B A A[V ?DSD;D[O WD;;D[<<L OE _ OEEDL>SQR NDBOPAL AE C<GD S;A SD;>X 1FSQ F;<=A L>FR <FS<FSL<CCDR FBO_>S<BAR ?DSD;YU L N;D_BD[ GD=OR ?DG=> V GDLD;AB D WD;;D[<<LD[ OEB<R E=<FQ C< WYBDX j NDN;DWO` DWdVFCASQ F<GD=CVR P<[ ^SA OEBY =BV C>F ACS<;<FCY A ?>?D< DSCD_<CA< DCA A[<`S ? NAFQ[OR ?DSD;D< V DN;<=<BAB ?>? SDR PSD DFS>LBV<S L ?>P<FSL< FB<=> VEY?X : WD;;D[<<LD[ OEB< [Y A[<<[ =<BD F S<[R P<GD CAG=< C< OLA=A_QR F C>FSDVIA[A L<;<LDPCY[A ?;OGBY[A ?DBQ@>[AX :DEQ[AS< L<;<L?O ] DP<CQ S;O=CD FNB<FSA << CASA S>?R PSDWY ?DC@Y FD<=ACABAFQR DW;>EDL>L FNBD_CD< ?DBQ@DX aSDWY NDBOPASQ S>?D< ?DBQ@DR C>=D E>LVE>SQ OE LVE>SQ C> C>_?X pB>GD=>;V [D;F?D[O OEBO [Y NDBOPABA AF?D[D< L<;<LDPCD< ?DB<P?DX 0=<[ <IJ =L>X i;DWB<[> WD;;D[<<L> OEB> FDFSDAS LDS L P<[ ] ?>?
=DWASQFV SDGDR PSDWY S;A ?;OGBYU ?DBQ@> =<;\>BAFQ L[<FS<R N;AP<[ S>?A[ DW;>ED[R PSDR ;>E;<E>L D=CDR [Y LYFLDWD\=><[ LF< S;Ac M;A ] ^SD SDBQ?D C>P>BDX />FSDVI>V N;DWB<[>R L DWI<[ LA=<R E>?B`P><SFV L SD[R ?>? FD<=ACASQ C<?DSD;D< PAFBD ?;OGBYU ?DB<@ S>?A[ DW;>ED[R PSD ;>E;<E>L D=CD AE CAUR LY LYFLDWD\=><S<R W<E AF?B`P<CAVR A LF< DFS>BQCY<X
4AFOCD? 3X
1we +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X :DS DCR WD;;D[<<L OEF O\< ;AFDL>BX .<G?D LA=<SQR PSD B`WY< =L> AE ^SAU ?DB<@ =;OG F =;OGD[ C< FLVE>CY A =<;\>SFV L[<FS< AF?B`PAS<BQCD WB>GD=>;V S;<SQ<[OX H=C>?D WO=QS< LCA[>S<BQCY ] C< =>L>bS< ^SD[O DW;>EO @<BA?D[ DLB>=<SQ L>_A[ LDDW;>\<CA<[X j ND?>\O L>[ =;OGA< FNDFDWY ^SO N;DWB<[O ;<_ASQX :DS D=CD ?DBQ@DX , LDS =;OGD<X i;D=<L><S< D=CD ?DBQ@D L =;OGD< A <GD FGAW><S<X 4AFOCD? wX oDFS>SDPCD S<N<;Q N;DNOFSASQ P<;<E LSD;D< ?DBQ@D S;<SQ<R PSDWY LF< S;A D?>E>BAFQ FLVE>CY ] FLVE>CY S>?A[ DW;>ED[R PSD =DFS>SDPCD ;>E;<E>SQ D=CDR PSDWY @<NDP?> ;>FN>B>FQX 4AFOCD? *X 0DGCOL D=CD ?DB<P?DR LY [D\<S< E>S<[ FDGCOSQ S;<SQ< A N;D=<SQ <GD L P<SL<;SD<X 0 @<NDP?Db AE P<SY;? \< ] =DFS>SDPCD ;>E;<E>SQ D=AC OE<BD?R PSDWY LF< EL<CQV ;>FFYN>BAFQX aAFBD ?DB<@ [D\<S WYSQ B`WD< ] ;<EOBQS>S C< AE[<CASFVX 4<_<CA<R S>?A[ DW;>ED[R CDFAS DWIAb U>;>?S<; A @<NDP?O [D\CD O=BACVSQ W<F?DC<PCDX
4AFOC?A wR*X
H=C>?DR C<E>LAFA[D DS =BACY @<NDP?AR N<;LD< A NDFB<=C<< << EL<CQV
WO=OS DS DFS>BQCYU DSBAP>SQFVK <FBA N;D[<\OSDPCY< EL<CQV A[<`SR ?>? LY LA=AS< C> ;AFOC?< wR ZD;[O O_<?R SD ?;>bCA< EL<CQV FDU;>CV`S ?;OGBO` ZD;[OX /APSD C< [<_><S C>[ FD<=ACASQ ?;>bCA< ?DBQ@>R FDGCOL D=CD AE CAU A N;D=<L L =;OGD<X <NDP?> E>[?C<SFVX 4AFOCD? yX 1w9 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X
4AFOCD? yX
0D<=AC<CA< ?;>bCAU EL<CQ<L DFS>LASR D=C>?DR FB<=K <FBA L ?>\=D[ AE N;D[<\OSDPCYU EL<CQ<L @<NDP?A L<SLA FB<=O`S =;OG E> =;OGD[ NDN>;CDR SD C> <=ACFSL<CCD< DFS>L_<<FV L C[Y?><SFV @<BYU P<SY;< L<SLA ] ND =L< F ?>\=Db FSD;DCYX 0B<= ^SDS [D\CD B<G?D FS<;<SQ ] NDBOPASFV D=CD;D=C>V @<NDP?> AE FDGCOSYU ?DB<P<?X 3 v>P<[ NDC>=DWABFV [C< L FLD< L;<[V WD;;D[<<L OE<Bc aSDWY C>bSA ^?LAL>B<CS ZD;[OB< V S;<WO` ] P<GDc ] PSDWY SY DS?>E>BFV ] DS P<GDc ] DS SDGDR PSD V S<W< N;<=B>G>` ] NDP<[Oc ] NDSD[O PSD ^SD C< SDX ] aSD S>?D< SDR LY EC><S<K ^SD DWd<?S >X HWd<?S > C< VLBV<SFV P<[&BAWD FOIA[X HWd<?S > ] ^SD S> N;<=NDB>G><[>V B`WY[ S;<WDL>CA<[ NOFSDS>R BA_Q BD?>BAEDL>L ?DSD;O` F ND[DIQ` [<SDCA[AAR SD <FSQ G>;>CSA;DL>CCDb C<N;<;YLCDFSAR FLVEYL>ÌEY F << C>P>BD[R [D\<[ [Y N;<=FS>LASQ F<W<R PSD S>?D< \CA<R L DFCDL< ?DSD;DGD CA G;>C> WYSAV C<SX +CA<R BA_<CCD< LFV?Db FOWFS>C@AAR ?;D[< SDbR PSD DW<FN<PAL>`S F>[A OEBYX 1*7
+>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X 0ZD;[OBA;DL>L Z;>EO V S;<WO` DS S<WV DS?>E>SQFV DS SDGD PSD V S<W< N;<=B>G>`R [DSALA;DL>SQ << V [DG BA_Q S<[ NDSD[O PSD ^SD C< SDR ? ?DSD;D[O C> N;D_BD[ E>CVSAA LCDLQ L<;COBFVX TSD C< SD DEC>P><SR PSD ?>?D< WY V CA FZD;[OBA;DL>B S;<WDL>CA<R \CA< [D< FLD=ASFV ? SD[OR PSDWY E>NDBOPASQ DWd<?S >X HWd<?S ^SDS N;AEL>C O=DLB<SLD;ASQ [<CVR =>L [C< SD N;<=NDB>G><[D< C>FB>\=<CA<R Lus !eg%#et#xunxR PSD FLVEYL>`S F S>? C>EYL><[Y[R C< FBA_?D[ O=>PCDR G<CAS>BQ&CY[ LB<P<CA<[ ] LB<P<CA<[R L ?DSD;D< @<BA?D[ A NDBCDFSQ` LNAFYL>BAFQ WY DSCD_<CAV D=CDGD F S<[R PSD ? C<[O C< FLD=A[D A DFS><SFV o;OGA[X j C>FS>AL>B L FLD< L;<[V C> SD[R PSD N>;SC<;D[ ^SDGD VR ?DSD;Yb A VLBV<SFV ?>? ;>E FOWd<?SD[R FOWd<?SD[ B`WDb ZD;[OBA;OÌCA< Z;>EYR VLBV<SFV C< o;OGDbR > SDR PSD L ZD;[< N;APACY \CAV <GD FDWDb ND=[<CV<SX i;APAC \CAV V LY=<BABR L FDDSL<SFSLAA F S<[R ?>?A[ DW;>ED[ DCAR FDGB>FCD u;<b=OR LDECA?>`SR P<SY;< ] DWd<?S FDF>CAVR DWd<?S ^?F?;<[<C&S>BQCDGD LY=<B<CAVR LEGBV= A GDBDFX HWd<?SY ^SA FS>CDLVSFV N;APACDb \CAV A LDFS;<WO`SFV NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O DCA ND=[<CV`S FDWDb o;OGDGDX iDUD\<R PSD LDFN;AVSA< FOWd<?SD[ C<D=O_<LB<CCYU DWd<?SDL DN;<=<BV<SFV S<[R PSD F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb C<SX 1FSQ SDBQ?D GDLD;VIA< S ] SR PSD FDFS>LBV`S F<W< N;<=FS>LB<CA< D [A;< ?>? S>?DLD[X 2A; \<R [A; WYSAVR NDBCDGD EC>CA<[ =D ?;><LR N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb BA_Q G;<EOR G;<EO GDLD;VI<GD SR AWD CA?>?DGD NDEC>Ì<GD FOWd<?S> C<SX 1FSQ BA_Q FOWd<?SYR C>UD=VIA< F<W< L DWd<?S>U > ?D;;<BVSY ] ?D;;<BVSY ;<PAR ?DSD;>V C<F<S L F<W< C>FB>\=<CA<R NDSD[O PSD ;<PQ` ] FB>\=>`SFVX aSD <IJR ?;D[< =;OGAU H=CAUR [D\<S DC> OBDLASQ L FLDA F<SAc j SDBQ?D PSD ND?>E>B L>[R PSD ?;OGBY< ?DBQ@> [D\CD FBD\ASQ L=LD< S>?A[ DW;>ED[R PSD DCA DW;>EO`S =L> FS;DGD FA[[<S;APCYU O_?>X 3[<CCD ^SD A N;DAFUD=ASR ?DG=> CO\CD NDFS;DASQ @<NDP?O AE WDB<<R C<\<BA S;? LDSK [<\=O FOWd<?SD[ A DWd<?SD[ > C>BA@D FSDBQ \< NDBCD< LE>A[CD< FDDSL<SFSLA<X oBV ?>\=DGD GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL> N;APAC> <GD \CAV FS;DGD ^?LAL>B<CSC> ND FLD? F?>E>SQR 1*1 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X FGAWO ] SD[OR ACY[A FBDL>[AR PSD V C>EL>B ;>FI<NB<CA<[ FOWd<?S>X TSD ?>? ;>E A DWdVFCV<S C>[R NDP<[O FOWd<?S [DG S>? =DBGD N;<WYL>SQ L OW<\=<CAAR WO=SD [A; EC><S D C<[ FSDBQ?D \<R F?DBQ?D DC F>[X 2A; FA[[<S;AP<C FOWd<?SOK [A; SDGDR PSD V C>EL>B L NDFB<=CAb ;>E [YFBQ`R VLBV<SFV ^?& LAL>B<CSD[ [YFBAR E<;?>BQCY[ << DS;>\<CA<[X :DS NDP<[O LNBDSQ =D
;D\=<CAV FDL;<[<CCDb C>O?A NDEC>CA< CDFABD U>;>?S<; PAFSD Z>CS>E[>SAP<F?AbX TSDS ;<\A[ E<;?>BQCDGD DS;>\<CAV A ND==<;\AL>B ?>? ;>E N;<=FS>LB<CA< D A<;>;UAA FOI<FSLR L ?DSD;Db L<;UDLCD< FOI<FSLD C>=<B<CD WB>GD[R ;>FN;DFS;>CVÌA[FV C> LF< DFS>BQCY<X HWD;DSCDb FSD;DCDb ^SDGD VLBV<SFV SDR PSD DWd<?S > VLBV<SFVR ?>? DW ^SD[ A GDLD;AS <GD A[VR V&F<?FO>BAEDL>CCY[R W<FNDBY[X o;OGDb N;<=FS><S FOWd<?SO AF?B`PAS<BQCD L W<FNDBD[ DWBA?<X iD^SD[O LF<R PSD L ZD;[< DWd<?S> \CAV <GD E>[<SR ND==<;\AL><SR ND=[<CV<SR VLBV<SFV W<FNDBY[R V&F<?FO>BAEDL>CCY[X : ^SD[ F[YFB< o;OGDb DFS><SFV L S<D;AA u;<b=> ] UDSV ?D<&?>?Db _>G LN<;<= F=SQ [D\CD ] C<;>E;<_<CCDb N;DWB<[DbX i;DWB<[> ^S> ELOPAS L NDFS>LB<CCD[ u;<b=D[ LDN;DF< a<GD UDP<S \<CIAC>cR G=< \<CIAC> LYFSON><S ?>? ^?LAL>B<CS AFSACYX M>? PSD ^?LAL>B<CSCDFSQR D ?DSD;Db SDBQ?D PSD GDLD;AB VR A[<<S ND= FDWDb DFCDL>CA<X iDCVSCD BA L>[ S<N<;QR NDP<[O S>? NDB<ECD C>P>SQ F L<;<LDPCYU ?DB<P<?c :<=Q ?DBQ@D VLBV<S FDWDb N;<A[OI<FSL<CCYb DW;>E H=CDGD ] L SD[ F[YFB<R PSD FD=<;\AS DC L F<W< BA_Q =Y;OX :DSR ?FS>SAR NDP<[O S>? S;O=CD AEGDSDLASQ C>FSDVI<< L<;<LDPCD< ?DB<P?DX MDR ?DSD;Y[ V NDBQEO`FQ &L FOICDFSAR [AZR NDSD[O PSD E>[?COSYU L<;<LDPCYU ?DB<@ CA?SD C< AEGDSDLBV<SX }D;D_DR F?>\<S< LYR CD ? P<[O WD;;D[<<L OE<Bc HSL<POK DC =><S C>[ C>GBV=CD< N;<=FS>LB<CA< DW DP<CQ ;>FN;DFS;>C<CCDb =BV DWdVFC<CAV ;>WDSY VEY?> [<S>ZD;< ] [<S>ZD;< @<NDP?AX HW;>SAS< LCA[>CA<R PSD L DSBAPA< DS L<;<LDPCYU ?DB<P<?R ^B<[<CSY @<NA [D\CD AEGDSDLASQX ->? ^SD =<SFVR C<S;O=CD F<W< N;<=FS>LASQK [<S>BBAP<F?>V CASQ FGAW><SFVR NDFB< P<GD ?DC@Y << FN>AL>`SFVX :F< C< S>? N;DFSDR ?DC<PCDR A PSDWY [D=<BQ ^S> DS;>\>B> AFNDBQEDL>CA< VEY?> 1*2 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X >=<?L>SCDR CO\CD N;<=OF[DS;<SQ L @<NA EL<CQVR ?DSD;Y< FD<=ACVBAFQ WY F =;OGA[R DS=>B<CCY[ DS C<GD EL<CD[R NDF;<=FSLD[ =LOU&S;=B<\>IAU GB>LCDb @<NDP?< EL<CQ<LX :>\CD S>?\< NDCVSQR NDP<[O Z;>E> A[<<S ?DC<PCO` =BAS<BQCDFSQX /A?>?>V [<S>ZD;> ^SD[O DWdVFC<CAV C< =><SX }DSAS<R V N;AL<=O N;A[<;R ?DSD;Yb ND?>\<S L>[R ?>?A[ DW;>ED[ @<NDP?> FBD\<CCYU L=LD< A LBD\<CCYU =;OG L =;OG> ?DB<@ ] @<NDP?>R ;>FFYN>Ì>VFVR ?>? SDBQ?D [Y D=CD AE CAU ;>E;<E><[ ] [D\<S C>[ NDFBO\ASQc :FND[CAS< DW;YL?A G>BB`@AC>SD;CYU Z;>ER ?DSD;Y< FBY_>SFV L D=ACDP<FSL< ;<W<;OK E,' Fill i(G mi(GXXX F<bP>F VXXX 3BAK Hie C)lle' '+mli(GXXX LY =DB\CYR FDWFSL<CCDXXX : ^SAU N;<;L>CCYU Z;>E>UR C>EL>CCYU [CD` FDDWI<CAV[A D ?D=<R C<PSD FOI<FSL<CCD< DFS><SFV C<LYF?>E>CCY[X v=<FQ C>BA@D FS;<[B<CA< ? Z;>E<R C<L>\CD ?>?Db A[<CCDR G=< <=ACFSL<CCD<
C<=DFS>Ì<< EL<CD ;>FFYN>BD WY DFS>BQCY<R AEY[>BD AU AE H=CDGDX .OP_<GD FNDFDW> DWdVFCASQR ?>? ;>WDS><S VEY? [>S<[>SA?AR [Y N;<=BD\ASQ C< [D\<[X 2>S<[>SAP<F?Ab VEY? A[<<S SD FLDbFSLDR PSD LF< LYF?>EYL><[Y< C> C<[ ] C< L LA=< OFSCDGD ?D[[<CS>;AVR > NDF;<=FSLD[ [>CANOBA;DL>CAV WO?DL?>[A ] NDBD\<CAV FLVE>CY [<\=O FDWDb S>?R PSD FSDAS D=CD[O AE CAU D?>E>SQFV C<FDFSDVS<BQCY[R ?>? LF< DFS>BQCY< C< SD PSD S<;V`S @<CCDFSQ ] DCA N;DFSD ;>FFYN>`SFVX :DS NDP<[O WD;;D[<<L OELBV<S FDWDb BOP_O` [<S>ZD;O SDGDR PSD [Y N;DAFUD=A[ C< AE P<GD ACDGDR ?>? AE H=CDGDX H=CD (Ir(n) ND;D\=><S C>O?OX /< L F[YFB< <=ACA@Y (6AN)R ?>? <=ACA@Y AE[<;<CAVX :DN;<?A ;>FN;DFS;>C<CCD[O [C<CA`R L>\CD L C>O?< LDLF< C< SDR PSD ND==><SFV L C<S FDL;<[<CCO` C>O?O DS C>O?A >CSAPCDbR C>O?AR DFCDL>CCDb C> LE>A[CD[ FDDSL<SFSLAA O[>R hsR A [A;>R [YFBVI<GD A [YFBA[DGDR S>? ^SD ?>? ;>E ZOC?@AV H=CDGDX H=CDGDR ?DSD;D< C>BA@D E=<FQR =DG>=YL><[FV [YR BA_Q E>S<[R PSDWY LDNBDI>SQ FDWDb D=ACDP<FSLD ] SDS Z>?SR PSD CAPSD C> F>[D[ =<B< C< FLVEYL><S <GDR FO=V ND LF<[OR F o;OGA[ NDB>X : NDBCO` N;DSALDNDBD\CDFSQ @<NDP?<R 1=ACA@Y ("es (ns) ?DSD;Db LF< F?;D<CY C> D=AC Z>FDCK DCA H=AC>?DLYX 1*3 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X 6DLD;VK H=CDGD A[<<SFV L=DFS>BQR SDNP>FQ C> ^SD[ [<FS<R ?>? FBDCR L<FQ N;D_BYb GD= ] LY NDCVBA S<N<;QR ? P<[O V L? ZOC?@AV o;OGDGD [D\<S LYGBV=<SQ L FASO>@AAR G=< LF<R PSD DFS><SFV DS VEY?> L E>NAFAR =<;\ASFV N;DFSD&C>N;DFSD C> OEB>U H=CDGDc ->?A[ DW;>ED[ NDB>G><SFV SDG=> ;>EBAPA<c jFCD L<=QR PSD o;OGDb F H=CA[ C< F?B>=YL><SFVX o;OGDb N;DFSD DS C<GD DSBAP><SFVX 1FBA o;OGDGD A DWd<=ACV<S PSD&SD F H=CA[R SD O\ CA?>? C< FBD\<CA<X 3WD o;OGDb ] ?>? V O\< GDLD;ABR UDSV LYR LDE[D\CDR A C< ;>FFBY_>BA ] ^SD H=AC&?DSD;Y[&[<CQ_<R H=AC&L&[ACOF< (I(n&en&~h#ns)X :DS NDP<[O L B`WYU DSCD_<CAVU [<\=O [O\PACDb A \<CIACDb ] AWD A[<CCD D \<CIAC< O C>F A=<S ;<PQ ] ;>FF[>S;AL>SQ << C>=D ?>? H=CO& ?DSD;Db&[<CYC<X j O\< DW;>I>B C> ^SDR GDLD;V D oDC&+O>C<R L>_< LCA[>CA<R CD E>[<SAB ^SDR ?DC<PCDR BA_Q D=AC P<BDL<? ] [DV =DPQX 4 /D C>bSA DWI<< ;<_<CA< N;DWB<[Y WD;;D[<<LYU OEBDL =BV W<F?DC<PCDGD AU PAFB> <IJ [>BDX /O\CD <IJ ND?>E>SQR PSD ;<_<CA< C>_< ] <=ACFSL<CCD<X iDBD\<CA< = F<GD=CV_CAb =<CQ S>?DLDR PSD CA?>?Db S<D;AA OEBDL N;DFSD C<SX /< FOI<FSLO<SR E> AF?B`P<CA<[ [>B<CQ?AU LY?B>=D?R ?DSD;Y< V L>[ SDBQ?D PSD N;D=<[DCFS;A;DL>BR [>S<[>SAP<F?DGD >NN>;>S>R ?DSD;Yb NDELDBAB WY N;<=F?>E>SQR PSD ;<_<CA< L;D=< SDGDR PSD V N;<=BD\ABR VLBV<SFV C< N;DFSD LC<&FOI<FSLOÌA[R > <=ACFSL<CCD C<DWUD=A[Y[R PSD DCD C< N;<FS><S ] LY ND[CAS<R ?>? V C<DWUD=A[DFSQ DN;<=<BAB ] NAF>SQFVX j L>[
F<bP>F ^SD N;D=<[DCFS;A;O`X 0=<[ FC>P>B> LDS S>?X

4AFOCD? 7X
1*w +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X j FD<=ACABR ?>? LA=AS<R =L> ?DB<P?>R C< F?B>=YL>V AU L=LD<R ?>? V =B =D ^SDGDR > FLVE>L AU FLD<GD ;D=> [D;F?A[ OEBD[X M<N<;Q V [DGO W<E S;O=> N;D=DB\ASQ ^SO DN<;>@A` L DW< FSD;DCYR FLVE>L FSDBQ?D [D;F?AU OEBDLR F?DBQ?D [C< E>WB>GD;>FFO=ASQFVX , <IJ V [DGO E>[?COSQ @<NDP?OR FLVE>L [<\=O FDWD` << FLDWD=CY< =DSDB< EL<CQVX oBV ^SDGD V N;DNOF?>` P<;<E CAU S;<SQ< ?DB<P?DR FD<=ACVV S>?A[ DW;>ED[ ?DC@Y @<NDP?AX
4AFOCD? eX
i<;<= C>[A ;<_<CA<R ?DSD;D< CAP<[ C< OFSON><S N<;LD[OX iDBOP<CCYb OE=><S WD;;D[<<LY[ FLDbFSLD[ ] =DFS>SDPCD [C< B`WD< ?DBQ@D ;>E;<E>SQR ?>? DFLDWD=VSFV A =L> =;OGAUX /A D=CD AU ?DB<P<? E=<FQ DS =;OGDGD C< DSBAP><SFVX /A?>?DGD N;ALAB<GA;DL>CCDGD NOC?S> C<S ] @<NDP?> FS;DGD D=CD;D=C>X :Y F>[A POLFSLO<S<R PSD [<\=O =LO[V N;D=<[DCFS;A;DL>CCY[A [CD` FNDFDW>[A FLVE>SQ [<\=O FDWD` L<;<LDPCY< ?DB<P?A CA?>?Db SDNDBDGAP<F?Db >C>BDGAA C< C>WB`=><SFVX i<;<= C>[A E=<FQ SDNDBDGAVR NDFS;D<CC>VR F?D;<<R C> F?;OPAL>CAA ] > C< C> FGAW<R ?>? N;<\CVVX /D FDGCOSY< ?DB<P?A SD\< [D\CD L?B`PASQ L [D;F?Db OE<SX :<FQ LDN;DF L SD[R ?>? LA=AS<R PSDWY OFS>CDLASQR F?DBQ?D O WD;;D[<<LDb N;DWB<[Y ;<_<CAbX j DFS>LBV` ^SDS LDN;DF DS?;YSY[X />[ L>\CDR ?>? LY NDCVBAR FDE=>SQ [>S<[>SAP<F?A ZD;& 1** +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X [>BAEDL>CCO` [D=<BQX uD;[>BAE>@AV ] ^SD C< PSD ACD<R ?>? E>[<C> C<?DSD;DGD PAFB> <=ACA@ S>? C>EYL><[Db WO?LDbX 1FBA LY C>NA_AS<R
C>N;A[<;R PSD AC<;@AV ;>LCV<SFV ~2/2 ] PSD ^SD DEC>P><Sc TSD DEC>P><SR PSD ?>?D< WY ?DBAP<FSLD <=ACA@ LY L[<FSD ?>\=Db AE ^SAU WO?L CA ND=FS>LABAR ;<EOBQS>S WO=<S DN;<=<BVSQFV LF< S<[A \< E>?DCD[<;CDFSV[A G;ONNA;DL?AR FBD\<CAVR LYPAS>CAV A SX =X :DS LDN;DFYR ?DSD;Y< V E=<FQ FS>LB` ] FS>LB` =BV SDGDR PSDWY LY OVFCABA F<W<R PSD A[<CCD AE SDGDR PSD NA_<SFVR ND==><SFVR ND [D<[O [C<CA`R N<;<=>P<X MDR PSD NA_<SFV ] PSD DCD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDbc kFBDLA< C>FB>\=<CAVX , SDR PSD ND==><SFV FP<SO ] PSD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb DCDc HFS>SD? C>FB>\=<CAVR <GD DF>=D?X 3WD N;<=B>G>V ^SD V&F<?FO>BAEDL>CCD< [O\PAC< ND= LA=D[ DWd<?S> >R \<CIAC>R WO=OPA o;OGA[ A ND ACD[O C< A[<V N;>L> A[<CDL>SQFVR FDP<S><S <GDR ^SD V&F<?FO>BAEDL>CCD<R FD FLDA[ AEWYSDPCY[ ] N;AW>LDPCY[ ] C>FB>\=<CA<[X 2O\PAC> L<;ASR PSD DC SLD;AS ] DC L<;AS&L<;AS&L<;ASR SLD;AS&SLD;AS& SLD;ASX MLD;AS&SLD;AS&SLD;AS \<CIACOX /> F>[D[ =<B<R DC E>FS>LBV<S << ;>WDS>SQR ;>WDS>SQ C> =<BD 1=ACDGDX :DS NDP<[O o;OGDbR o;OGDbR L ?DSD;DGD LNAF>C> >;SA?OBV@AV VEY?>R SD <FSQ AFSAC>R =DB\<C WYSQ E>G;>\=<CR E>P<;?COSR NDU<;<C ] NDU<;<C S<[R PSD V SDBQ?D PSD C>EL>B D=CA[&?DSD;Y[& [<CQ_<X v>NAFQ S(X) DEC>P><S A[<CCD ^SDX 3 LDS NDP<[O E>=><[FV [Y L ;<EOBQS>S< LDN;DFD[ D SD[R ?>? F=SQ 1=ACD< P<[&SD FDFSDVS<BQCY[R SD <FSQ P<[&SD S>?A[R PSDR WYSAV C< A[<VR =DNOF?><S FP<SX MDBQ?D [>S<[>SAE>@AV ] A L ^SD[ DC> F;D=CA C>_<[O =AF?O;FOR =AF?O;FO >C>BASAP<F?D[O ] NDELDBV<S N;A?DFCOSQFV ? ;<>BQCD[OR ;<>BQCD[OR C< A[<Ì<[O CAP<GD DWI<GD F S<[R PSD LYFS;D<CD C> W>E< S;>=A@ADCCDGD EC>CAV A N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb C< ;<>BQCDFSQR ?>? ^SD EC>CA< NDB>G><SR > LF<GD BA_Q Z>CS>E[X 4<>BQCD< ] ^SD A <FSQR V WY F?>E>BR S>bC> GDLD;VI<GD SR S>bC> W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGDX 1* [>V 1973 GD=>X 1*y +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X
' I 6 7 ; , 0 " D " 3 J78K :L k=ALAS<BQCDR PSD S>?>V N;DFS>V ZAGO;>R ?>? WD;;D[<<L OE DSN;>LCDb SDP?Db =BV SDNDBDGAAX 1FSQ C<F?DBQ?D FNDFDWDL ND=UD=> ? N;DFS;>CFSLOX iD=UD= F ND[DIQ` NDCVSAV AE[<;<CAVR SD <FSQ ;>E;<E>R U>;>?S<;<C =BV S<UCA?AR ?DSD;O` V C>EYL>` S<UCA?Db ;>FNAB>X 3FUD=CY[ [D[<CSD[ VLBV<SFV =BV C<GD NDCVSA< SDP?AR FOSQ ?DSD;DGD L SD[R PSD L ?>P<FSL< <=ACA@Y
LYFSON><S C<PSD S>?D<R PSD A[<<SR ?>? N;V[D A GDLD;ASFVR CDBQ AE[<;<CAb ] ACY[A FBDL>[AR C< FOI<FSLO<SX 1FBAR C>N;DSALR AFUD=ASQ AE ?DB<P<?R SD E=<FQR NDF?DBQ?O N<;<F<P<CA< =LOU C<N;<;YLCDFS<S ^ZZ<?S E>I<[B<CAVX /< ?>\<SFV BA L>[R PSD E>I<[B<CA< ^SD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb Z<CD[<CR ?DSD;Yb O=DWCD NDBD\ASQ L DFCDLO SDNDBDGAP<F?DGD NDFS;D<CAVc k=DWCD NDSD[OR PSD Z<CD[<C ^SDS C< BD?>BAEO<SFV L D=CDb SDP?<X :DEQ[AS< UDSV WY WD;;D[<<L OE<SFV L GB>E>R PSD [D\CD N;DCO[<;DL>SQ S;A l[<FS>mR L ?>LYP?>UR G=< [<\=O FDFS>LBVÌA[A OE[A [D\<S N;DAEDbSA E>I<[B<CA<X
4AFOCD? 9X
TSD N;<=NDB>G><SR PSD L ?>?D[ WY AE ^SAU l[<FSm E>I<[B<CA< CA N;DAED_BDR =L> =;OGAU ? C<[O D?>\OSFV FL<=<CYX vC>PAS BA ^SDR PSD S>?D< [<FSD SDBQ?D D=CDc 4>EO[<<SFVR 1*7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X C<SX M;DbC>V SDP?> ] UDSV S>?D< LY;>\<CA< A FOI<FSLO<S ] NDCVSA` SDP?A CA L ?D<[ FBOP>< O=DLB<SLD;ASQ C< [D\<SX :<=Q SDP?> ^S> C< LDECA?><S E=<FQ ?>? ;<EOBQS>S N<;<F<P<CAV S;ECY< ] N;>L>V A B<L>VX .APCD [<CV O=ALBV<SR PSD FBD\ABDFQ DWI<< [C<CA<R WO=SD FOWd<?SOR C>BAPA< ?DSD;DGD N;<=NDB>G><SFV VEY?D[R C<LDE[D\CD NOS<[ S>? C>EYL><[DGD ACZD;[>@ADCCDGD FDDWI<CAV N<;<=>SQ ;>ECA@O [<\=O NDCVSAV[A B<LDGD A N;>LDGDX MDS Z>?SR PSD DCA ;DECVSFV =;OG DS =;OG>R N<;<=>SQ [D\CDR CD ?>? =DC<FSA AU FN<@AZA?Oc 2C< ^SD N;<=FS>LBV<SFVR C<F[DS;V C> C<?DSD;Y< LDE;>\<CAVR LNDBC< =DFSA\A[Y[K ND=SL<;\=<CA<[ SD[O ?>? ;>E A FBO\AS SDS ;>F?B>= L NBDF?DFSAR L LDE[D\CDFSA ?DSD;DGD OEL=O N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDbR ?>? V NDB>G>`R BDGAP<F?Ab Z>?S ] NDELDBV<S C> DNYS< OW<=ASQFVX HW;>SAS< LCA[>CA<R PSD ;>F?B>= L NBDF?DFSA A NDL<;UCDFSQ ] ^SD =L< ;>ECY< L<IAX 4>F?B>= L NBDF?DFSA N;<=NDB>G><S FDL<;_<CCD ACD< AE[<;<CA<R t# & ~ens#hnR C<\<BA S> C<N;<;YLCDFSQR ?DSD;O` ND=;>EO[<L><S NBDF?DFSQX iD^SD[O ?>? ;>E A N;AW<G>` V ? C>NAF>CA`R ?DSD;D<R L DSBAPA< DS DWYPCDGDR t#~ens#hnR =><S NDCVSQR PSD ;<PQ A=<S DW AE[<;<CAA F?>EYL>CAVX 0=SQ ^SD NDELDBV<S AF?B`PAS<BQCD [Db b>EY?R CD ^SD C< EC>PASR PSD VR GDLD;V C> C<[R =DB\<C F<WV S>?DGD N;>L> BA_ASQX 0DLF<[ C>DWD;DS ] <FBA A[<SQ L LA=OR PSD V C> ^SDS FP<SR <FBA [D\CD S>? F?>E>SQR =O[>`X :>\CDR ACY[A FBDL>[AR LDLF< C< C>BAPA< O N;DFS;>CFSL> S;\<C =BV C>F WD;;D[<<L OE<S C>[ =DFSON ? ;<>BQCD[OR ?DSD;D< DC FDWDb LDNBDI><SX
3BBÈAVR WO=SD [Y C< FNDFDWCY DWdVFCASQ ACDNB>C<SCY[ FOI<FSL>[ FN<@AZA?O N;>LDGD A B<LDGDR LF<G=> ?>E>B>FQ [C< NBD=DSLD;CDbR C>GBV=CD =<[DCFS;A;OV ;>EBAPA< [<\=O LDDW;>\><[Y[ A FA[LDBAP<F?A[X /D N;>LD< A B<LD< C< A[<`S CAP<GD DWI<GD F S<[R ?>? [Y LDFN;ACA[><[ AU ^FS<SAP<F?AR SD <FSQ FDGB>FCD [D=<BAR ?DSD;O` C>UD=A[ [Y L C>_<[ FDWFSL<CCD[ S<B< F <GD =LO[V FSD;DC>[AX /> F>[D[ =<B< =<[DCFS;A;O<S WD;;D[<<L OE? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X SDR PSD F=C DC AE L<;<LDPCYU ?DB<@ S>?A[ DW;>ED[R PSD =DFS>SDPCD N;D=<SQ D=CD ?DBQ@D L =;OGD< A FDGCOSQ <GDR DW;>EDL>L =L< N<S<BQ?AR PSDWY S;<SQ<R FLVEYL>Ì<< ^SA =L< N<S<BQ?AR C< F[DGBD AE N<;LDGD ?DBQ@> LYFLDWD=ASFV ] DC =<[DCFS;A;O<S SDR PSD AE S; [DGOS ZOC?@ADCA;DL>SQ ?>? N<;LD< A NDFB<=C<<R N;<=DFS>LBVV S;<SQ<[OR FBD\<CCD[O L =L< N<S<BQ?AR ;DBQ NDF;<=CA?> ] F[DS;AS< ;AFOC?A w A *X HSF`=> FB<=O<SR PSD F?DBQ?D WY N;D[<\OSDPCYU ?DB<@R SD <FSQ ?DB<@R FBD\<CCYU L =L< N<S<BQ?AR [Y CA LEVBAR B`WD< AE CAU [D\<S ZOC?@ADCA;DL>SQ ?>? N<;LD< A NDFB<=C<< ] N;DPA<R FDGCOSY< N<S<BQ?>[AR FLV\OS AU L[<FS< P<;<E [CD\<FSLD N;D[<\OSDPCYU EL<CQ<LX :F< N;D[<\OSDPCY< ?DBQ@> FD<=AC<CY S>?R PSD CASA AU N;D=<SY =;OG L =;OG> C< =L< L D=CO ABA D=C> L =L<R > =L< ND =L<X TSD ?>F><SFV LF ?DB<@R FDFS>LBVÌAU WD;;D[<<L OE<BX jFCDR D=C>?DR PSD NDF?DBQ?O DFDWYb U>;>?S<; FLVEA N<;LDGD ?DBQ@> FD LSD;Y[ A N;<=NDFB<=C<GD F NDFB<=CA[ FDU;>CV<SFVR LL<=<CA< N<;LDGD A NDFB<=C<GD ?DB<@ L @<CS;>BQCO` @<NDP?O LB<P<S E> FDWDb F<;Q<ECO` NOS>CA@OX /DR DFS>LAL <<R L<;C<[FV ? C>_P>BQCDb FU<[<X kEBY F AU FBD\CDb ?DCFS;O?@A[ ND?>E>SQ DSCDFAS<BQCDFSQ N;<FBDLOSYU S;<[ N;DFS;>CFSLO BA_Q NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O ;>FF[>S;AL><[ FLD< S<BD ?>? DWd<[CO` G<D[<S;AP<F?O` ZAGO;OX /<BQEV F?>E>SQR PSD >C>SD[AV C< =><S ? ^SD[O CA?>?AU NDLD=DLX /D A[<CCD ND^SD[O LDN;DF FSDAS N<;<F[DS;<SQ E>CDLD ] NDP<[O S<BD C>_< C> LA=R SD <FSQ =BV C>_<GD LEGBV=>R N;<=FS>LBV<SFV ?>? S;<U[<;CD<c j ND?>\O F<bP>FR ?>?A[ DW;>ED[ [D\<S ND[DPQ C>[ E=<FQ [>S<[>SA?> E>I<[B<CAV ] ACY[A FBDL>[AR [>S<[>SA?> OEB>X :DEQ[<[ ?OW A ;>E=<BA[ <GD C> LDF<[QR 23R [>B<CQ?AU ?OWA?DL F =BACDb FSD;DCY ;>LCDb NDBDLAC< FSD;DCY N<;LDC>P>BQCDGD ?OW>X :YC<[ AE WDBQ_DGD ?OW> =L> ?OWA?>R L<;_ACY ?DSD;YU FDLN>=>`S F =A>[<S;>BQCD N;DSALDNDBD\CY[A L<;_AC>[A WDBQ_DGD ?OW>X
1*9 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X HFS>L_A<FV _<FSQ ?OWA?DL [D\CD FDW;>SQR FDU;>CAL [<\=O CA[A NBDF?DFSA FDN;A?DFCDL<CAVR BA_Q =LO[V FNDFDW>[AK
4AFOC?A 17R11X
TSA =L> FNDFDW> FDDSL<SFSLO`S =LO[ L>;A>CS>[ ;>FNDBD\<CAV S;=>CCD[ =<?>;SDLDb FAFS<[Db ?DD;=AC>S N;DFS;>CFSL<X
4AFOC?A 12R13X
3ELB<?>V AE N<;LDC>P>BQCDGD ?OW> =L> [>B<CQ?AU ?OWA?>R [Y E>=><[ ^SA[ DFV[ SD ABA ACD< D=CDEC>PCD< C>N;>LB<CA<X TSD A WO=<S SD C>N;>LB<CA<R L ?DSD;D[ E>I<[B<CA< LCOS;A WD;;D[<<L> OEB> CO\=><SFVX pDBQ_< SDGDX 2Y [D\<[ NDS;<WDL>SQ DS[<CY SDb N;ALAB<GAAR L FABO ?DSD;Db FOI<FSLO<S L WD;;D[<<LD[ OEB< N<;LD< A NDFB<=C<< EL<CQV ] ;DBQR ?DSD;O` [DGOS AG;>SQ =L> B`WY< EL<C> @<NDP?AX 2Y [D\<[ NDS;<WDL>SQR ACY[A FBDL>[AR PSDWY N<;LD< A NDFB<=C<< EL<CQV @<NDP?A F?B>=YL>BAFQ S>? \<R ?>? A @<CS;>BQCY< EL<CQVR SD <FSQ PSDWY CASA WYBA ?>\=Yb ;>E N;D=<SY =;OG L =;OG> NDN>;CDX 2Y LA=A[ ^SD C> ;AFOC?< eX 1y7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X p<EC>=<\CDFSQ B`WYU NDNYSD? ;>EBD\ASQ ^SO ZAGO;O C> NBDF?DFSQ C<LYAG;Y_CD ?DCS;>FSA;O<S F ^B<G>CSCDFSQ` ;>F?B>=> N<;LDC>P>BQCDb @<NDP?AX /<SR S<[ C< [<C<<R ?>? LY B<G?D OW<=AS<FQR CAP<GD N;DI<R P<[ LCDLQ DWDFDWASQ L C ?DB<P?>R ;>FNDBD\AL AU S>?R ?>? ;>FNDB>G>BAFQ N<;LD< A NDFB<=C<< ?DB<P?A AFUD=CDGD OEB>X /> FE C> ^SO ;DBQ FGD=VSFV >WFDB`SCD B`WY< EL<CQVR NDF?DBQ?O AFP<EB> S> N;ALAB<GAVR ?DSD;>V FSDBQ FABQCD OFBD\CV<S ;>FNDBD\<CA< N;D[<\OSDPCYU EL<CQ<LR ?DG=> ;<PQ A=<S D N<;LDC>P>BQCD[ WD;;D[<<LD[ OEB< F PAFBD[ EL<CQ<L WDB<< P<SY;<UX TSA EL<CQV NDBOP>`SFV S<N<;Q C< N;DFSY[ FGAWD[ ?DBQ@>R DW;>EOÌA[
=L> FA[[<S;APCYU O_?>R > S>?A[R N;A ?DSD;D[ P<SY;< L<SLA D=CDGD AE EL<CQ<L N;DNOI<CY P<;<E ?DBQ@>R ?DSD;Y< [Y LY=<BABA L ?>P<FSL< N<;LDGD A NDFB<=C<GDR CD N;DNOI<CY ND ;>ECD[OK <FBA N<;LD< ?DBQ@D AU N;DFSD DUL>SYL><SR SD LSD;D< DWLAL><S LF< P<SY;< L<SLA =LDbCDb N<SB BQCYU EL<CQVU @<NDP?A ^SA P<SY;< L<SLA DW;>EO`S L FNB<S<CAA DN;<=<B<CCD< PAFBD SANAPCYU A =DNOF?>ÌAU ;>ECDDW;>EA< ?DCZAGO;>@AbX oBAC> ^SAU EL<CQ<L L P<SY;< ;>E> [<CQ_<R P<[ =BAC> @<CS;>BQCYU ?DB<@X HSF`=> V =` LYLD=R PSD N;DFS;>CFSLD C< CDFAS ACSOASALCYb U>;>?S<;X HCD CDFAS U>;>?S<; [>S<[>SAP<F?Ab ] L P<[ ?>\=Yb [D\<S AE AFSD;AA F>[Db [>S<[>SA?A B<G?D OW<=ASQFVX TSD EC>PASR PSD N;DFS;>CFSLD O[<<S FPAS>SQ ] C< C>[CDGD =>BQ_< C>FR ?>? A FB<=DL>BD D\A=>SQK =D _<FSAR =>\< C< =D F<[AX /< FBOP>bCD jGL< S>? DSBAPABFVR LL<=V F<[A=C<LCO` C<=<B`X -DC<PCDR B`=A P>I< LF<GD AFNDBQEDL>BA =<FVSQ @AZ;R CD ^SD DSSDGDR PSD DCA FPAS>BA ND N>BQ@>[X 0 AEDW;<S<CA<[ COBV A[ N;A_BDFQ ^SD PAFBD O[<CQ_ASQR N;AEC>LR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R PSD DCA WYBA C<N;>LY ] P>FSA S ABA =LAG>S<BQCY< ZOC?@AA AFNDBQEDL>SQ =BV FP<S> C< FSDASX v>W>LCDR PSD C>O?> LY_B> NDC>P>BO AE ^SDGD NDBD\<CAV BA_Q F ND[DIQ` _<FSA=<FVSA;APCDbR yx17R FAFS<[Y ] A[<CCD S>? NDFSONABAR ?>? AEL<FSCDR L>LABDCVC<X 1y1 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X :DEL;>I>VFQ ? N;DFS;>CFSLOR C>=D F?>E>SQR PSD DCDR LDE[D\CDR N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb P>FSQ W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGD ] C<=>;D[ LYFS;D<CD DCDR ?>? VEY?X .A_Q P<;<E S;DA@O DS?;DL<CAV [D\<S DCD N;AbSA ? =LDA@< ] NDSD[O A FPAS><S DCD =D _<FSAX 3 NDFB<=C<< ] CAP<GD C< C>=D AEDW;<S>SQX :DS P<[O DS?;DL<CA< W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGD C>F OPASX /D PSD ND=<_QR <FBA C>F S>? A SVC<S PSD&CAWO=Q AEDW;<FSAn .A_Q WY DSLB<PQFV DS ;<>BQCDGDR DS SDGDR PSD EC>[<CO<S FDWDb N;AFOSFSLA< PAFB>n : E>?B`P<CA< <IJ D=CD FBDLDX :Y E>[<SABAR NDB>G>`R PSD GD[DG<CAE>@AV ?;>bCAU ?DB<@ C< ;>LCDEC>PC> FD<=AC<CA` AU ?DC@>[AR ?DSD;D< F?>\<SFV C> @<NDP?< C< WDBQ_<R P<[ <FBA WY [Y DFS>LABA AU FLDWD=CY[AR ;>EL< PSD EL<CQ<L L C D=CD [<CQ_<X aSD N;DAEDb=<S F N<;LDC>P>BQCDb @<NDP?Db AE S;= C@A`c HC> FL<=<SFV ? =LO[ EL<CQV[R ?DSD;Y< N;A ;>E;<E>CAA D=CDGD AE CAUR <FS<FSL<CCDR ;>FN>=OSFVX /D ?>? D?>\OSFV DCA FNB<S<CY =;OG F =;OGD[c
4AFOCD? 1wX
HCA DW;>EO`S FNB<S<CA< ?DBQ@> F LCOS;<CCF FA[LDBD[ FOWd<?S>X aSD ?>F><SFV ?;OGBDGD ?DBQ@>R ?DSD;D<R ?FS>SAR F LDFQ[<;?Db B<G?D ND[<CVSQ ;DBV[AR SD L C<[ B<G?D OEC><SFV SDG=> FA[LDB DWd<?S> > ] N;APACYR ND ?DSD;Db FOWd<?S A=<CSAZA@A;O<S F<WV FD FLDA[ \CA<[X 22 D?SVW;V 1973 GD=>X
1y3 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI )I ' jEY? ] ^SD SDR PSD LY_BDR ?DG=> C>= b>EY?D[ NDS;O=ABDFQ EC>CA<X 1=ACFSLD SX .>?>CDLF?>V GANDS<E>X .`WDLQK DS FBOP>bCDFSA ? C<DW& UD=A[DFSAX pB>GD=>;V ?D<&?D[OR ?SD B`W<ECD FDGB>FABFV N;AL<FSA [>S<;A>B [DAU E>CVSAb L ND;V=D?R V E>GBVCOB C> =CVU ?;><[ GB>E> L B<?@AA ^SDGD GD=>X o>L FLD<[O F<[AC>;O E>GDBDLD? 1IJR VR N;AEC>`FQR C< WYB OL<;<CR PSD ND& N;<\C<[O DFS>COFQ C> NDPL<R ?DSD;O` ;>FPAI>` LDS O\< =L>=@>SQ B<SR UDSV C>EL>CA< ND=;>EO[<L>BDR PSD ;>WDSY E=<FQ <IJ C<NDP>SYb ?;>bX i<;<PASYL>V N<;LO` E>NAFQ ^SDGD F<[AC>;>R V C>_ ? O\ A NBDUDX j DFDW<CCD ;>=R PSD C>P>B F ZD;[OBYR ?DSD;>V ?>E>B>FQ [C< SDG=> \A=?DL>SDbK C>FB>\=<CA< o;OGDGD C< VLBV<SFV EC>?D[ B`WLAX - ^SDb DSN;>LCDb SDP?< [C< A UDS<BDFQ WY F<GD=CV L<;COSQFVR ND=L<=V P<;SO ND= DS?;YSDb [CDb SDG=> S<[DbX j =<bFSLAS<BQCD GDLD;AB ?D<&PSD D B`WLAX /D ;<_>ÌAbR ?B`P<LDb [D[<CS [DAU B<?@Ab A[ CA`X v>?B`P>BFV DC L SD[R PSD E> N;>?SA?Db EC>CAV F?;YL><SFV C>FB>\=<CA< ] CAP<GD WDBQ_<X j UDSELASQ ^SO [YFBQR ND=<BAL_AFQ FLDA[A C>WB`=<CAV[A C>= S<[R ?>? C>OPCYb =AF?O;F C> DIONQ NYS><SFV ;>EDW;>SQFV L SD[R F P<[ [Y L ?>P<FSL< EC>CAV A[<<[ =<BDX 1 3S>?R W<;O WY?> E> ;DG>K EC>CA< ] ^SD E>G>=?>X v>G>=?> ^S> E>G>=>C> C>[ W<FFDEC>S<BQCY[ L SD[ LA=<R L ?DSD;D[ DCD WYBD DWC>;O\<CD NFAUD>C>BASAP<F?A[ =AF?O;FD[X uD;[OBA;O<SFV DC> S>?K =BV GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL>R EC>CA< ] ^SD SDR PSD >;SA?OBA;O<SFVX /> ^SD [D\CD WYBD DW;>SASQ LCA[>CA< O\< =>LCDR AWD <FBA NDF[DS;<SQR ?>?A& 1yw +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI [A NOSV[A EC>CA< ;>ELAL>BDFQR B`=A SDBQ?D A =BAR PSD >;SA?OBA;DL>BA F>[Y< ;>EBAPCY< L<IAR N;AP<[ =DBGD< L;<[V L @<CS; L<ILABA WYSA<X jFCD L<=QR PSD <FSQ PSD&SD BA_Q NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O GDLD;ASFVR PSD DCD <FSQX j C>EYL>` ^SD S2X S =L>X 3BAR <FBA OGD=CDR S C> =LDAUX i;ACVSD L<=Q GDLD;ASQR PSD VEY? VLBV<SFV F;<=FSLD[ DWI<CAVX HWI<CAV ND ?>?D[O NDLD=OR ND NDLD=O ?>?AU AUc HWI<CA< N;<=NDB>G><S N;<=[<S DWI<CAVR ;<Z<;<C@A`X jFCDR S>? ABA AC>P<R D=CDK VEY? VLBV<SFV S<[R PSD LY;>W>SYL><S C>OPCYb =AF?O;FR ?DG=> NYS><SFV =>SQ F<W< DSP<S L SD[R PSD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb b>EY?X >EY? FBO\AS C< DWI<CA`R > FDLF<[ ACDb @<BAX p<FFDEC>S<BQCD<R ?>? ND?>E>B C>[ DNYS ;>WDSY F CA[R ?>? ;>E A LY;>FS><S AE b>EY?>X j FN<@A>BQCD E>NAFYL>` ^SD FBDLD S>?R ?>? DCD ELOPASR =>L>V NDCVSQR PSD A[<` L LA=O b>& EY?R F ?DSD;Y[ A[<<S =<BD ?>\=Yb AE C>F ] b>EY?R A[<CO<[YbR C< W<E DFCDL>CAVR [>S<;ACF?A[X 0 N;D@<FFD[ C>FB>\=<CAV b>EY?D[ DWI<CA< FWBA\><S SDR PSD DCD N;<=NDB>G><S ;<NBA?OR =A>BDGX /D FBO\AS BA b>EY? =<bFSLAS<BQCD L N<;LO` DP<;<=Q =A>BDGOc TSDR ?>? V L>[ ;>CQ_< O\< GDLD;ABR =>B<?D C< Z>?SX k [<CV SDBQ?D PSD D?>E>B>FQ ND= ;O?Db ?CAG> C<?D<GD p<bSFDC>R D ?DSD;D[ [C< L NDFB<=C<< L;<[V N;D\O\\>BA LF< O_A ] ^SD =>\< C>P>BD [<CV NDC<[CDGO LYLD=ASQ AE F<WVX -CAGO ^SOR C>=D F?>E>SQR =>B [C< D=AC P<BDL<?R ?DSD;YbR E>ACS<;<FDL>L_AFQ D=CA[ [DA[ S<?FSD[R N<;<L FLDb ;D=CDb VEY? A DS?D[[<CSA;DL>B ] S>? LDSR <[O ND?>E>BDFQR PSD p<bSFDC ND_E=D =>BQ_< [D<GD OSL<;\=<CAVR PSD W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< LYFS;D<CD ?>? VEY?X /> F>[D[ =<B<R p<bSFDCR C< EC>VR PSD W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< LYFS;D<CD ?>? VEY?R FDFS>LAB D C<[ L<FQ[> NDF;<=FSL<CCD< N;<=FS>LB<CA<X v>SD DC N;A=O[>B C<PSD DP<CQ E>W>LCD< ] S>? C>EYL><[Y< [<S>BDGAX /<=O;C>V E>S<V ] DFDW<CCD <FBA [<S>BDGA ^SA =<bFSLAS<BQCDR ?>? OSL<;\=><S p<bSFDCR NDVL& BV`SFV L ;<EOBQS>S< AEOP<CAV F[YFB> S<;[AC> A N;<=NDB>G>`S LCOS;<CCAb N;D@<FF =A>B<?SAP<F?DGD ;>ELASAVX ->? A LD LFECDLA=CDFSVU S>? C>EYL><[DGD =A>BDG>R ;<PQ A=<S D SD[R PSDWY LYCO=ASQ N;<=NDB>G><[DGD
FDW<F<=CA?> F?>E>SQ SDR PSD NDWO\=><S GDLD;VI<GD E>=>SQ FLDb LDN;DFR 1y* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI SD <FSQ PSDWY LDNBDSASQ L =;OGD[ SDS DSL<SR ?DSD;Yb F F>[DGD C>P>B> C>BA@DX 3[<CCD ND^SD[O =A>BDGR =A>BDGR ?B>FFAP<F?A< DW;>E@Y ?DSD;DGD C>UD=A[ [Y L C>FB<=AA iB>SDC>R D?>EYL><SFV C> NDL<;?O LDLF< C< =A>BDGD[X HN;<=<BAL L FLD< L;<[V VEY? ?>? SDR ND=DWCD P<[O LYFS;D<CD W<FFDEC>S<BQCD<R V F=B ^SD N;<\=< LF<GD NDSD[OR PSD CA?>?DGD VEY?> C<SK VEY? ] ^SD SDR PSD NYS><[FV [Y OEC>SQ ?>F>S<BQCD ZOC?@AA b>EY?>X 3[<CCD S>?R ?FS>SAR A ND=UD=AS ? C<[O C>OPCYb =AF?O;F ] FN;>LASQFV F ^SDb E>=>P<S BA_Q SDR PSD DC C< N;AEC><S W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGDX p<FFDEC>S<BQCD< &^SD FLA=<S<BQFSLD D SD[ EC>CAAR WDBQ_>V P>FSQ ?DSD;DGD DS GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL> OF?DBQE><SX />WB`=>V E>G>=DPCY< >Z& Z<?SYR ?DSD;Y[ ^SDS FOWd<?S ND=L<;\<CR [Y [D\<[ N;<=FS>LASQ F<W<R C>F?DBQ?D =>B<?D A=OI<< =<bFSLA< D?>EYL><S C> C<GD b>EY?X ,ZZ<?SY ^SA VLBV`SFV ;<EOBQS>SD[ N;AFOSFSLAV b>EY?>R L ?DSD;D[ >;SA?OBA;O<SFV EC>CA< ] EC>CA<R LYUD=VI<< E> N;<=<BY SDGDR ?DSD;D< GDLD;VI<[O FOI<FSLO O=><SFV LYF?>E>SQX jEY? FDE=>CR W<EOFBDLCDR AE b>EY?>X TSD NBD= ;>WDSY EC>CAV C>= b>EY?D[X /D W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< ] ^SD C< PSD ACD<R ?>? EC>CA<R EC>CA< SDGDR ?>? F b>EY?D[ DW;>I>SQFVX 3 ^SD EC>CA< SDGDR ?>? F b>EY?D[ DW;>I>SQFVR =>B<?D N;<LDFUD=AS LF< SDR L P<[ [D\CD F<W< =>SQ DSP<S F ND[DIQ` VEY?>X :DE=<bFSLA< C> C>F b>EY?> =><S D F<W< EC>SQR L N<;LO` DP<;<=QR L SD[R PSD [Y C>EYL><[ >ZZ<?S>[AX iDP<[O [Y LN;>L< F?>E>SQR PSD W<FFDEC>S<BQCD< LYFS;D<CD ?>? VEY?c iDSD[O PSD LDE=<bFSLAEY?>R ?DSD;Yb L ?>P<FSL< EC>CAV O\< C>BA@DR C< O?B>=YL><SFV L ;>[?A SDGDR PSD GDLD;VI<< FOI<FSLD FNDFDWCD LYF?>E>SQX :DS NDP<[O W<FFDEC>S<BQCD<R L SD[ LA=<R L ?DSD;D[ DCD N;<=FS><S C>[ L ;<EOBQS>S< <GD ;>F_AZ;DL?AR C< [D\<S C< D?>E>SQFV LYFS;D<CD ?>? VEY? ] VEY?R ?DSD;Yb ND DSCD_<CA` ? SD[OR C> P<[ DC W>EA;O<SFVR ? b>EY?O D=CA[ FBDLD[R LF<G=> CDFAS U>;>?S<; GANDS<SAP<F?AbX >EY? ] ^SD SDR PSD NDELDBABD [C< DWYG;>SQ FLDb FA[LDB S2R FN;DFALR D ?>?AU AU L LY;>\<CAA C> =LDAU L b>EY?< A=<S ;<PQX jEY?R ACY[A FBDL>[AR C< VLBV<SFV SDBQ?D F;<=FSLD[ DWI<CAV ] ^SD Z>?SR D ?DSD;D[ C<DN;DL<;\A[D FLA=<S<BQ&
1yy +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI
FSLO<S >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FX 3GCD;A;DL>CA< ^SDGD Z>?S> N;AL<BD ? SD[OR L CAE>U DWI<FSL> C>P>BAR <;CAP>VR E>=>L>SQFV LDN;DFD[ ] > ?>? LDDWI< [D\<S GDLD;VI<< FOI<FSLD PSD&SD EC>SQc 3[<CCD ^SD A FS>C<S F<GD=CV FS<;\C<[ C>_<GD ;>EGDLD;> D EC>CAAX 2 ->?A[ DW;>ED[ [D\<S FOI<FSLD EC>SQc iDNYS?A O=DLB<SLD;AS<BQCD C> ^SDS LDN;DF DSL<SASQ VLBV`S FDWDb E>W>LCD< E;<BAI<X iDF?DBQ?O F>[ Z>?SR PSD <FSQ FOI<FSL>R ?DSD;Y< GDLD;VSR NDB>G><S [<\=O CA[A A W<FFBDL<FCY[A FOI<FSL>[A G;>CA@OR LFS><S LDN;DF ] > PSD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb EC>CA< FOI<FSL W<FFBDL<FCYUc iDP<[O DC LFS><S ] CA?D[O C< AEL<FSCDX /DR S<[ C< [<C<<R DC LFS><S ] A L ;<EOBQS>S< NDVLBV<SFV C> FL<S [>B<CQ?Ab B>WA;ACS =BV ?;YFX kP<CY< ;>FFPASYL>`S S>?A[ DW;>ED[ C>N>FSQ C> FB<= EC>CAVX HCA NDB>G>`SR PSD ?;YF> N;D=<[DCFS;A;O<S A[ FLDA FNDFDWCDFSA DWOP>SQFVR DFL>AL>SQX 3BA A;A&FL>AL>SQX aSD A[<CCDc -DC<PCDR SDR PSD L AU DNYS>U W<;<SFV C< ?>? WYSA<R > ?>? S<BDX , ^SD EC>PASR PSD DC> ;>FF[>S;AL><SFV ?>? <=ACA@>R ?;YFAC>V <=ACA@>X a<[ \< SDG=> ND==<;\AL><SFV WYSA< ?;YFYc TSD CA?DGD FDL<;_<CCD C< ACS<;<FO<SX pYSA< ?;YFY DSD\=<FSLBV<SFV F << S<BD[X .`=A LF<G=> LDDW;>\>BA F<W<R WO=SD WYSA< =DB\CD FD=<;\>SQ C<?O` N;AFOIO` <[O NDBCDSOX pYSA< ] ^SD S<BDX 3[<CCD AE ^SDGDR LN<;LY< E>=O[YL>VFQ D WYSAAR B`=A A AFUD=ABAX : ;<EOBQS>S< D?>E>B>FQ LY=O[>C> @V A<;>;UAV S<BX 3FUD=ABA DCAR L FOICDFSAR AE SDGDR PSD ?>\=Yb EC><SR PSD B<\AS O <GD WYSAV L DFCDL<R L P<[ FDFSDAS <GD WB>GDR PSD =DFS>LBV<S <[O O=DLDBQFSLA<X ->?A< AE[<C<CAV =DB\CY WYBA N;DAEDbSA L =AF?O;F<R PSDWY O FOI<FSL> NDNYS>BAFQ LYL<=>SQR C>F?DBQ?D FNDFDWCD DCD F<WV N;<LEDbSAR SD <FSQ DWOPASQFV P<[O&SD S>?D[OR L P<[ <GD WYSA< =BV S<B<FCDGD LY\AL>CAV C< CO\=><SFVc -;D[< NAIAR L B>WA;ACS< <FSQ ?CDN?> A =L<;@> ] PSDWY =DW;>SQFV =D NAIAR N;<=NDB>G><[Yb FOWd<?S E>?B`P<CCD& 1y7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI GD L B>WA;ACS FOI<FSL> =DB\<C FDDW;>EASQR ?>? A[A C>=D LDFNDBQEDL>SQFVX : =;OGD[ L>;A>CS< ^SD [D\<S WYSQ SDS ABA ACDb @L<SDLDb ABA FL<SDLDb FAGC>BR C> ?DSD;Yb FOI<FSLO CO\CDR DNDEC>L <GDR N;>LABQCD DS;<>GA;DL>SQX :>\CDR D=C>?DR PSD LDN;DF D EC>CAA N;<DW;>EO<SFV E=<FQ L LDN;DF DWOP<CAVX 1FBA NDFB< F<;AA N;DW A D_AWD? ] %#a"s ant e%%h%sR ?>? GDLD;VS >CGBAP>C<R B`=AR ?DSD;Y< L ^SD[ AFFB<=DL>CAA EC>CAV WYBA N<;LDN;DUD=@>[A ] N;D@<CSCD< ?DBAP<FSLD D_AWD? O[<CQ_><SFVR ?;YFACO` <=ACA@O N;AEC>`S DWOP><[DbX
:DN;DFR ?DSD;Yb LDECA?><S BA_Q LD LSD;O` DP<;<=Q ] > DC&SD ?>? ;>E A ACS<;<FO<S [<CV ] FDFSDAS L SD[R C>OPASFV BA ?;YFAC>V <=ACA@> OPASQFVX :DS PSD =<bFSLAS<BQCD [DGBD WY N;A=>SQ DNYSO ACS<;<FX pO=<S BA ?;YF>R N;D_<=_>V D=CD AFNYS>CA<R DWOP>SQFV WYFS;<<R <FBA ND=L<;GCOSQ << =;OGD[OR >C>BDGAPCD[Oc 1FBA =>R SD PSDWY NDCVSQR ?>? L CDLYU OFBDLAVU F<WV L<FSAR =DWASFV [<CQ_< NDNYSD?R P<[ L N<;LYb ;>E ] ND= OFBDLAV[A V A[<` L LA=O SDR ?>? B>WA;ACS OFS;D<C A ?>? ZOC?@ADCA;O`S L C<[ ?CDN?A A =L<;@YX :DN;DF ^SDSR UDSV A FS>LABFVR DFS>BFV NDPSA C< AEOP<CX /A?D[O S>? A C< N;A_BD L GDBDLO OFS>CDLASQR C>F?DBQ?D OFN<UA ?;YFY E>LAFVS DS SDGDR A[<`S BA N;<=B>G><[Y< =>PA D=AC ABA =L> AFSDPCA?> ] A[<<S BA DC> =<BD F D=CA[ ^?FN<;A[<CS>SD;D[R ABA =LO[VX :<=Q A[<CCD DCR ^?FN<;A[<CS>SD;R ;>FNDB>G><S L =>CCD[ FBOP>< EC>CA<[ ] ^SD EC>CA< A NDELDBV<S <[O ?>? ;>E F[DCSA;DL>SQ L B>WA;ACS< FAFS<[O =L<;<@ A ?CDND?X p<E OP>FSAV FOI<FSL>R PQ< DSCD_<CA< ? EC>CA` W>EA;O<SFV C> <GD DSCD_<CAA ? b>EY?OR C> SD[ Z>?S<R PSD DC F ^SA[ b>EY?D[R ABA =>\< L ^SD[ b>EY?<R \AL<SR ^SDb FAFS<[Y N;DFSD C< WYBD WYX :F<R P<[O ?;YFACO` <=ACA@O O=><SFV L ^SD[ DNYS< C>OPASQR ^SD ND=>SQ EC>? ] EC>? D FLD<[ N;AFOSFSLAAX oL<;@> ;>FNDEC><SFV WB>GD=>;V EC>?OR > C>\>SAN?A C> ^SDS EC>? ] SD\< EC>?X 3R DNVSQ \<R A[<CCD ND=>L>V EC>? =DFSAG><S <=ACA@> SDGD ;<EOBQS>S>R AE ?DSD;DGD =`S LYLD=R WO=SD DWOP<CA< N;D_BD OFN<_CDX /D DSCD_<CA< << ? EC>?>[ CDFAS PAFSD LC<_CAb U>;>?S<;X aSD ?;YF> =<bFSLAS<BQCD NDCA[><S E>NOF?><[Yb C>\>SA<[ ?CDN?A N;APACCD& FB<=FSL<CCYb [CAE[R DFS><SFV C<=D?>E>CCY[X :DS NDP<[O 1ye +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI <=ACFSL<CCD<R PSD A=<S L FP<SR ^SD EC>CA< SDGDR O=><SFV BA ^?FN<;A[<CS>SD;O ?DCFS>SA;DL>SQ C< N;DFSD SDR PSD ?;YF> C>_B> LYUD= AE NDBD\<CAVR > PSD DC> =<bFSLAS<BQCD DFLDAB> FNDFDWR ?DSD;Y[ [CAE[ E>NOF?><SFVR PSD DC> O&FLD& AB> [CAE[ N;A&FLD<CAVX : FL<S< SDGDR PSD AEL<FSCD C>[ D W<FFDEC>S<BQCD[ EC>CAAR DNYS F B>WA;ACSD[ E>FS>LBV<S NDACS<;<FDL>SQFV S<[R ?>?A[ DW;>ED[ ;<>GA;O<S ?;YFAC>V <=ACA@> C> [CAE[R ?DSD;Yb ^?FN<;A[<CS>SD; F[DCSA& ;DL>B ] F[DCSA;DL>B C< C> NOFSD[ [<FS<R > F ND[DIQ` b>&EY?>X .>WA;ACSY [D\CD N;A=O[>SQ ;>ECY<K WYBD WY ACS<;<FCD OEC>SQR E>LAFAS BA ;<EOBQS>S DS SDGDR E>CA[>`SFV ^SA[ D=AC ^?FN<;A[<CS>SD;R ABA \< =LD< NDDP<;<=CDX H=C>?D FO=V ND FN<@A>BQCDb BAS<;>SO;<R F ?DSD;Db [C< O=>BDFQ NDEC>?D[ASQFVR LDN;DF S>?A[ DW;>ED[ <IJ CA ;>EO C< FS>LABFVX :DN;DFY D EC>CAA A DWOP<CAA N;A[<; ^SDSR ?>? LA=AS<R C< E>S;>GAL><S A =;OG F =;OGD[ C< FLVEYL><SX : FLVEA FD EC>CA<[ LDECA?><SR D=C>?DR ACDb LDN;DF ] ?>?A[ DW;>ED[ DCD N;<ND=><SFVc 3 .A_Q F N;<=FS>LB<CA<[ D EC>CAAR ?DSD;D< N<;<=><SFVR N<;<=><SFV L
@<BDFSCDFSAR LDECA?BA L EC>CAA S< ?;AS<;AAR WB>GD=>;V ?DSD;Y[ FBD\ABFV S>? C>EYL><[Yb C>OPCYb =AF?O;FX i;DAED_BD ^SD C< W<E [CDGDPAFB<CCYU N;A?B`P<CAbX $h eses NDN J#nxh ] FPAS>B LDE[D\CY[ E>VLASQ /Q`SDC ] L GANDS<E>U C< CO\=>`FQX 3 S<[ C< [<C<< A[<CCD GANDS<EDb LDFNDBQEDL>B>FQ C>OPC>VR FDLF<[ C< ?DN<;CA?DLF?>VR > A[<CCD CQ`SDCDLF?>VR ;<LDB`@AVR E>[<CAL L;>I<CA< C> N>=<CA<X /Q`SDCDLF?>V GANDS<E> FDFSDVB> L N;<=NDBD\<CAAR PSD =BV C<W<FCYU SI>SQFV DEC>P><S N>=>SQX /D PSDWY ?DCFS>SA;DL>SQ ^SDS Z>?SR GANDS<EOR S>?A[ DW;>ED[R OFS;>CALR /Q`SDCO N;A_BDFQR ?>? CA?>?R << N;<\=< LY=LA& COSQX oBV ;>EGDLD;> D EC>CAA F C>OPCDb SDP?A E;<CAVR C<DWUD=A[D N;<\=< AFFB<=DL>SQ <GD S>[R G=< DCD C>BA@DX iDF?DBQ?O 1y9 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI EC>CA< ^SD ND?DASFV L BDCEY?>R GDLD;V D C<[R [Y A[<<[ L LA=O W<FFDEC>S<BQCD<X iD=DbSA ? W<FFDEC>S<BQCD[OR [C<R ?>? A /Q`SDCOR O=><SFV BA_Q N;AW<GCOL ? GANDS<E<X 0DFSDAS [DV GANDS<E> L SD[R PSD AC=ALA=R C<FOIAb C> F<W< NSQ W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGDR A <FSQ S>? O [<CV C>EYL><[Yb FOWd<?S DEC>P>Ì<GDX 3[<CCD ^SD A[<<S L LA=O [DV B>?DCAPC>V ZD;[OB>R FDGB>FCD ?DSD;Db DEC>P>Ì<< N;<=FS>LBV<S FOWd<?S =BV =;OGDGD DEC>P>Ì<GDX 0>[D DEC>P>`& I<< [D\CD DN;<=<BASQ BA_Q P<;<E <GD DSBAPA< DS =;OGDGDX .A_Q DW;>SAL_AFQ ? ;>EBAPA` ?>? S>?DLD[OR [D\<[ [Y AELB<PQ AE b>EY?> SDR PSD DSCDFASFV L C<[ ? DEC>P>Ì<[OX o;OGA[A FBDL>[AR GANDS<EO FLD`R FDGB>FCD F>[Db ZD;[OB<R L ?DSD;Db DC> [>S<;A>BAEDL>C>R V FLD\O ? SD[OR PSD DC>R GANDS<E> ^S>R C<DWUD=A[> =BV ZOC?@ADCA;DL>CAV b>EY?>X 0?>E>SQK <FSQ FOWd<?S ] SD \< F>[D<R PSD F?>E>SQK <FSQ GANDS<E>X 1=ACFSL<CCD< A[<Ì<<FV L C>_<[ ;>FND;V\<CAA =D& ?>E>S<BQFSLD SDGDR PSD FOWd<?S FDLN>=><S F ^SDb GANDS<EDb A PSD LDNBDI><SFV FOWd<?S L GDLD;VI<[ AC=ALA=<R FDFSDAS L SD[R PSD DEC>P>Ì<< FS>CDLASFV EC>?D[X MDBQ?D NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O <FSQ W<FFDEC>S<BQCD<R SD&<FSQ b>EY?R AWD BA_Q FD\AS<BQFSLD F b>EY?D[ =><S FOI<FSLO N;>LD EL>SQFV FOI<FSLD[ GDLD;VIA[R [D\<S DEC>P>Ì<< WYSQ N;AEL>CD C> ;DBQ EC>?>R s#xneX : ^SD[ s#xne LY LDBQCY ;>FFBY_>SQ LF<R PSD OGD=CD ] LNBDSQ =D >CGBAbF?DGD #nxR L<IQX HEC>P>Ì<< VLBV<SFV EC>?D[ FOWd<?S>X pO=OPA ZD;[>BQCY[ CDFAS<B<[R DEC>P>Ì<< FD<=ACV<SFV F P<[&SD =;OGA[ ] S<[R P<[ F>[D DCDR ?>? DEC>P>Ì<<R C<NDF;<=FSL<CCD C< VLBV<SFV A PSDR FS>L <GD \<;SLDbR =<SFV <GD FOWd<?SD[R ABAR ND ?;>bC S>?DLDGDX 3[<CCD ND^SD[O FOWd<?SR FOWd<?S GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL>R DWC>;O\AL><SR PSD DC N;<=FS>LBV<S
FDWD` FOI<<R PQ< WYSA<R ?>? ND?>EYL><S F>[ N;<=A?>S GDLD;VI<<R LF<G=> C>UD=ASFV LC< <GDX 0OWd<?S LF<G=> DFS><SFV [<;@>ÌA[R ^Z<[<;CY[R AWD VLBV<SFV DC S>?DLY[ BA_Q =BV D=CDGD DEC>P>Ì<GD NDF;<=FSLD[ =;OGDGDX />[ N;A=<SFV L<;COSQFV E=<FQ ? ,;AFSDS<B`X 2Y C< EC><[R P<[ DC ;O?DLD=FSLDL>BFVR ?DG=> DN;<=<BAB AC=ALA= ?>? S<BD ] N;AP<[ S<BD L F[YFB< D;G>CAE[>R C< SDGDR PSD LD<& 177 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI N;DAELD=AS F<WVR > SDGDR PSD FDU;>CV<S FLD` @<BDFSCDFSQ A <=ACFSLDX 4>ECA@> [<\=O NB>SDCDLF?Db A=<;AFSDS<B<LF?A[ DN;<=<B<CA<[ AC=ALA=> ?>? =LO[V FNDFDW>[A [YFBASQ DFCDL>CA< WYSAV POLFSLO<SFV A =D FAU ND;X :DN;DFR FSDVIAb N;<= WADBDGA ?A[ DW;>ED[ S LDFN;DAELD=VS F<WVX :FV [DB<?OBV;C>V UA[AV FLD=ASFV ? NDNYS?< NDCVSQR ?>?A[ DW;>ED[ L ;<EOBQS>S< ?D[WAC>@AA DN;<=<B<CCYU L<I<FSL L \A=?Db F;<=< C<PSD LYN>=><S L DF>=D? A W>?S<;AVR ? N;A[<;OR LDFN;DAELD=AS F<WVX aSD \<R L F>[D[ =<B<R N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWD` S<BDc jLBV<SFV DCD EC>CA<[ <=ACDGDR ABA C<Sc vC>CA< <=ACDGD C< AFUD=AS C> NDL<;?O AE SX vC>CA< <=ACDGD DNA;><SFVR C>F?DBQ?D [Y L FAB>U DW ^SD[ FO=ASQR C> DEC>P>Ì<< H=ACX /< W<;<S BA C>P>BD DEC>P>Ì<< H=AC L SD[ Z>?S<R PSD DEC>P>Ì<< ?>? S>?DLD< LF<G=> N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb D=CD&F;<=A&=;OGAUR LF<G=>R WO=OPA PAFSY[ ;>EBAPA<[R C>F ? ^SA[ =;OGA[ DSFYB><Sc :DN;DF C> F<GD=CV_CAb =<CQ FSDBQ [>BD N;D=O[>CCYbR PSD L<FQ F<[AC>; N;D_BDGD GD=> V NDFLVSAB OVFC<CA` ZD;[OBY H=CDGD A[<<SFV L=DLDBQX aSD EC>PASR H=CDGD A[<<SFV L=DLDBQc 3E D=CDGD&F;<=A&=;OGAU ] N;<=FSDAS <IJ LYVFCASQR [D\<S BA ^SD D=CD WYSQ B`WY[ ] ND=CA[><SFV S 1 PSD ELOPAS LD Z;>C@OEF?D[ VEY?< ?>? essa#~R ;DbR GO=VIAb ;Db DEC>P>ÌAUX iDF?DBQ?OR GDLD;V DW DEC>P>Ì<[ S1 V A[<CCD AUR ^SA DEC>P>ÌA<R A[<` L LA=OR [C< N;A=<SFVR N;A E>NAFAR FDDSC<FSA <GD F S C> =LDAUR S 2X TSDGD S1 [D\<S WYSQ L C>_P>Ì<<R A <FSQ SD F>[D<R PSD DW<FN<PAL><S <=ACFSLDR <=ACFSLD FDLD?ONB<CAV FOWd<?S> FD EC>CA<[X MDBQ?D L b>EY?<R A L C<[ D=CD[R [D\CDR ND=Db=V ? C<[O ?>? ? VEY?OR LY=<BASQ SDR PSD L >CSAPCDb BACGLAFSA?< NDBOPABD C>EL>CA< h&%h#xlhR ^B<[<CSX 3 C< FBOP>bCDX HEC>P>Ì<< H=AC ] ^SD C< N;DFSD DEC>P>Ì<<R ?>?D< NDN>BDX TSD FS;Db DEC>P>ÌAUR LDECA?>ÌAb L ;<EOBQS>S< SDb DN<;>@AA L?B`P<CAVR C> ?DSD;Db @<NDP?> =<;\ASFVX
171 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI j N;DPLCD D=CO ;>WDSOR G=< >LSD; AFFB<=O<S DSCD_<CAV [<\=O S1 A S2R ;>FF[>S;AL>V AU ?>? ;D= N;<=FS>LB<CAVX S1 LYFSON><S ND DSCD_<CA` ? S2 ?>? N;<=FS>LAS<BQ FOWd<?S>X :DN;DF L SD[R VLBV`SFV BA ^SA DSCD_<CAV FA[& [<S;APCY[AR >CSAFA[[<S;APCY[AR N<;<UD=CY[AR A SX =XR A N<;<CDFASFV BA FOWd<?S DS S2 ? S3 A S>? =>B<< ND @<NDP?<X 4>FF[>S;AL>SQ <GD FB<=O<S AFUD=V AE SDb FU<[YR ?DSD;O` V SDBQ?D PSD LDFN;DAEL =DF?<X :DNBDI<CCD< L b>EY?< DEC>P>Ì<< H=AC FDU;>CV<S C<DN;<=<B<CCDFSQ ] DCD [D\<S WYSQ ZDC<[DbR FBDLD[R Z;>EDbR LFP>Ì<[X j A[<` L LA=O DE& C>P>Ì<< H=ACR A C< FBOP>bCDR C> C>_B V <GD F ND[DIQ` L<;<LDPCDGD ?DBQ@> ] ?DBQ@>R FNB<S>Ì<GDFV F =;OGA[A ?DBQ@>[A L S< OEBYR ?DSD;Y< FS>BA L NDFB<=C<< L;<[V N;<=[<SD[ C>_<GD AEOP<CAVX /D DW ^SD[ V F<GD=CV WDBQ_< ;>FN;DFS;>CVSQFV C< FS>COR NDF?DBQ?O L FLVEA F ^?E>[<C>[A C> Z>?OBQS<S< [Y F L>[A D=CDGD E>CVSAV C< =DFPAS><[FVX 4 iD=LD=V ASDGAR UDPO C>ND[CASQ D F>[D[ L>\CD[ O;D?< ?DSD;Yb N;<ND=><S C>[ >C>BASAP<F?Ab =AF?O;FX , FDFSDAS DC L SD[ ] FS;>CCDR ?>? ^SD C< W;DF><SFV NDLF`=O L GB>E> ] PSD EC>CA<R ?DSD;D< FS;O?SO;A;O<S GDLD;VI<< FOI<FSLDR FN<@AZAP<F?A[ DW;>ED[ DWAS>V F CA[R A[<<S N;V[D< DSCD_<CA< ? B`WLAX : DFCDL< LFV?Db B`WLA B<\AS DSCD_<CA< [<\=O =LO[V W<FFDEC>S<BQCY[A EC>CAV[AX 0?>E>LR PSD N<;<CDF [DSALA;O<SFV FOWd<?SD[R E> ?DSD;Y[ N;<=NDB>G><SFV EC>CA<R V BA_Q N;A[<CAB ? DFDWDbR FN<@AZAP<F?Db FASO>@AA SDR D P<[ DNYS FLA=<S<BQFSLO<S C> ?>\=D[ _>GOX HS?;DbS< L>_A E>NAFA A NDF[DS;AS<R PSD GDLD;AB V L F<;<=AC< ^SDGD GD=> D B`WDLCD[ LYWD;<X 4<PQR L FOICDFSAR _B> D ;>FNDEC>L>CAA ] ;>FNDEC>L>CAAR C> DFCDL>CAA E>G>=DPCYUR ;>FFS>LB<CCYU NOC?SA;D[ EC>?DLR NDFB<=FSLAb =BV FOI<FSL> SDGD Z>?S>R PSD DCD VLBV<SFV FOWd<?SD[ W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGD EC>CAVX 172 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI 0<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb C<SR NDSD[O PSD C>FB>\=<CA< o;OGDGDR LEVSDGD L ?>P<FSL< SR LF<G=> C<>=<?L>SCDK F D=CDb FSD;DCYR S>[R G=< o;OGDb FLD=ASFV ? DWd<?SO >R DCD AEL;>I<CCD ] F =;OGDbR V WY F?>E>BR W<EO[CDR E>G>=DPCDX aSDR ?>? C< LFS; BA@D[ ? BA@O F W<EYFUD=CDFSQ`R E> ?DSD;Db FSDAS ;<>BQCD<R [D\<S NDFBO\ASQ AFNYS>CA<[ =BV B`WLAc .`WDLQ C>=<BV<S N>;SC<;> AF?B`PAS<BQCD S<[R PSD VR NYS>VFQ FLD` [YFBQ BOP_< =D L>F =DC<FSAR ND^SAP<F?A C>EL>B [O\<FSLD[ ] [O\<FSLD[ LEGBVCOSQ F[<;SDCDFCDb FO=QW< L
GB>E>X /D =<bFSLAS<BQCD BA LF< =<BD L [O\<FSL<c pYSQ [D\<SR =<BDR F?D;<<R L ;>FNDEC>L>CAAc 4>FNDEC>L>CAA SDGDR ?>?A[ DW;>ED[ S>? C>EYL><[Y< F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV ] L =>CCD[ FBOP>< DSCD_<CAV [<\=O =LO[V FOWd<?S>[AR ?>\=Yb AE ?DSD;YU VLBV<SFV LF<GD BA_Q ^ZZ<?SD[ W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGD EC>CAV ] N<;<FS>`S C< NAF>SQFVX uD;[OBO N<;<FS>SQ C< NAF>SQFV V C< LEVB F NDSDB?>X j DSCD_O << ? FBOP>bCDFSAR SDG=> ?>? C<DWUD=A[DFSQR C>N;DSALR LYFSON><S O [<CV ?>? SDR PSD C< N;<FS><S NAF>SQFVR AWD C<DWUD=A[D< A ;<>BQCD< ] C< D=CD A SD \<X v>[<SA[ ND UD=O =R PSD ND=DWCD< F[<I<CA< DS;A@>CAV NDELDBV<S NDFS>LASQ LDN;DF D SD[R PSD N;<=FS>LBV<S FDWDb DS;A@>CA<R ?DG=> DCD E>[<CV<S FDWDb DSFOSFSLA< ] DSFOSFSLA< SDGDR PSD FOI<FSLDL>CAV BA_<CDX 0 =;OGDb FSD;DCYR V DN;<=<BAB F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV ?>? SDR PSD C< N;<FS><S C< NAF>SQFVX v=<FQ C>BA@D C<LDE[D\CDFSQX TSD DEC>P><S S>?\<R PSD CAPSD ^SDGD C< L FAB>U LYF?>E>SQ ] L SD[R PSD ND==><SFV LYF?>EYL>CA`R F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAb C<SX /D PSD EC>PAS AU DS;A@>SQc :N;>L< BA [Y ND=[<CVSQ DS;A@>CA<[ DNYSR L ?DSD;D[ PSD&SD N;<=FS><S ?>? C<FOI<FSLOÌ<<c TSD <IJ D=AC LDN;DFR ? ?DSD;D[O V ND?> BA_Q AIO ND=UD=X /< O[<FSC<< BA E=<FQ FBDLD E>N;<SR C< FB<=O<S BA C>[ N;<=NDP<FSQ <GDc /> ^SDS LDN;DF GDSDLDGD DSL<S> O [<CV SD\< C<SX 3S>?R FBOP>bCDFSQ DNAF>C> [CDb ?>? SDR PSD N<;<FS><S C< NAF>SQFVX 3WD E=<FQ N<;<= C>[A LF<GD BA_Q LFS;K [Y LFS;<[ O N>;SC<;> FA[NSD[YR >ZZ<?SYR LF< S< FB<=YR ?DSD;Y< DFS>LABD O ?>\=DGDR C< ?>? FOWd<?S>R > ?>? GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL>R <GD AEGC>CA< ] AEGC>CAV AE F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAbX /< EC>PAS BA ^SDR PSD BA_Q NDF;<=FSLD[ >ZZ<?S>R ?DSD;Yb ^SD EAVCA< N;DLD@A;O<SR A LDECA?><S C<?>V LFS; 173 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI ] LFS;R ?DSD;>V L DSCD_<CAA O;DLCV EC>CAV [D\<S W<F?DC<PCD L>;QA;DL>SQFVR CDR S>? ABA AC>P<R FDE=><S C> [GCDL<CQ< ABBÈA`R WO=SD F<?FO>BQCY< DSCD_<CAV N<;<FS>`S C< NAF>SQFV ] ABBÈA`R WO=SD C< N;DFSD >;SA?OBA;O<SFVR > A[<CCD LNAFYL><SFVR LNAFYL><SFV L FO=QWO ?>\=DGD C<PSD S>?D<R WB>GD=>;V P<[O SDR PSD [DGBD WY WYSQ F<?FO>BQCY[A DSCD_<CAV[AR DWC>;O\AL><SR C> ?;>S?Ab [AG E>LAF_<GD L;<[<CAR O GDLD;VI<GD FOI<FSL> FLDb N;AE;>PCYb FB<=X 0[<I<CA< DS;A@>CAV DS N<;<FS><S C< NAF>SQFV ? C< N;<FS><S NAF>SQFVR DS FBOP>bCDFSA ? C<DWUD=A[DFSA ] LDS DCR SDS [AG E>LAF_<GD L;<[<CAR E> ?DSD;Yb LFV?>V B`WDLQ @<NBV<SFVX 3WD LFV?>V B`WDLQR LDECA?>V NDFSDBQ?O BA_QR NDF?DBQ?O PSD&SD N<;<FS><S C< NAF>SQFVR FS;<[ASFV N<;<C<FSA DS;A@>CA<R FS;<[ASFV ? SD[OR PSD C< N;<FS><S NAF>SQFVR C< N;<FS><S A CA?DG=> C< N;<FS>C<SX :DS DC>R S> DWVE>CC>V FOI<FSLDL>CA` ] C< F<?FO>BQCYU DSCD_<CAbR > W<FFDEC>S<BQCDGDR PSD C< D=CD A SD \< ] ND=[<C>R L ?DSD;Db E>?B`P<C> =;>[>
B`WLA A << FO=QW>X iDF?DBQ?O N;A_FR ?DG=> [C< N;AUD=ASFV F L>[A N;DI>SQFVR V C< FS>CO F<bP>F ;>ELAL>SQ ^SO [YFBQ ] E>[<PO BA_QR PSD F?>E>CCD< [CD` D C<C>LAFSA C< FLVE>CD F NBDF?DFSQ`R G=< >;SA?OBA;O<SFV DLB>=<CA< W<FFDEC>S<BQCY[ EC>CA<[X /< [D\<S WYSQR PSDWY FOWd<?S C< N;<=NDP;>?S<;< ^SDb PAFSD FBOP>bCDb LFS;<PA F =;OGA[ FBA_?D[ C< B`WDNYSFSLDL>SQX M>? PSD DS =;OGDGD N<;<UD=AS DC ? <GD FD=<;\A[D[OK WYSA`X HSCD_<CAV WYSAV F WYSA<[ =>B<?D C< S>? G>;[DCAPCYR ?>?R C<AEL<FSCD NDP<[OR OL<;V<S C>F AFND?DC L<?O S;>=A@AVR G=< ,;AFSDS<BQR LA=VIAb L CAU LYF_<< C>FB>\=<CA<R ND=><S ;O?O 0LVSD[O uD[<R =BV ?DSD;DGD DCA L<;U WB>\<CFSL>X iDB>G>SQ S>?R EC>PAS GDCVSQFV E> N;AE;>?D[X pYSA< ?>? S>?DLD< ] ^SD B`WDLQR ?DSD;>V OFS;<[BV<SFV WYSA` C>LFS;<POX /< SDG=> BAR ?DG=> B`WDLQ OFS;<[BV<SFV WYSA` C>LFS;<POR N;DAFUD=AS N;<L;>I<CA< <GD L SDR PSD BA_Q NDFSDBQ?OR NDF?DBQ?O N;DUD=AS [A[D F<WV (se %a e)R [D\<S FDWDb DFS>SQFVc j SDBQ?D PSD GDLD;AB D ?;YF>U (%a s) ] A[<CCD ^SD V A A[bCD V LYW;>B A[<CCD ?;YFOX 17w +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI 0=SQ AE C<< <=ACA@O CAP<GD C< FSDAS ] DC> A D?;YFASQFV C< OFN<<SX j O\< C>WB`=>B D=AC ;>E S>?D< ] ?DG=> V \AB C> ;` =< BV iD[NR O C>F WYB ?DCFQ<;\R ?DSD;Yb WAB ?;YF W<E N;D[>U> ( leC r+t+it M+m+iC)X 1GD C<C>LAFSQ ? ?;YF< L SDPCDFSA ;>LCVB>FQ << WYSA`X kFS;<[B<CA< WYSA` C>LFS;<PO ] C< L ^SD[ BA ND=BACC>V B`WDLQR ?;>bCAb << N;<=<Bc , ND=BACC>V B`WDLQ ] ^SD DS?;YSA<R DS;>\<CCD< L W<F?DC<PCYU [D=OBV@AVU B`WDLCDb S<[>SA?AR C< NFAUD>C>BAED[R ;>EO[<<SFVR WYBD F=CDR ] ND=BACC>V B`WDLQ LYBAL><SFV L C<C>LAFSQX 3S>?R V L>F DFS>LBV`X 0?>E>SQ BA [C< C> N;DI>CA< ] !/ c TSAU FBDL VR DW;>SAS< LCA[>CA<R C< GDLD;AB CA?DG=>X 3 ND DP<CQ N;DFSDb N;APAC< ] LDS O\< =L>=@>SQ B<SR ?>? V C< EC>`R NDFB<=O<S BA L DP<;<=CD[ GD=O N;D=DB\<CA<X M>?DL> [DV OP>FSQ ] OP>FSQ DWd<?S> >X H=C>\=YR =<FVSQ B<S C>E>=R [<CV =<bFSLAS<BQCDR WYBDR BA_ABA FBDL>X H?>E>BDFQR D=C>?DR PSD DSP>FSA ND L<B<CQ` FO=QWYR DSP>FSA NDLACOVFQ FS;<[B<CQ` =DFS>LASQ O=DLDBQFSLA< C<?DSD;Y[ FLDA[ FBO_>S<BV[R V N;D=DB\>B L<FSA F<[AC>; A FB<=OÌA< =<FVSQ B<SX oL>=@>SAB<SCAb @A?B E>& L<;_<CX 0SDAS BA A=SA =>BQ_<c 0SDAS BA <IJ N;D=DB\>SQc v>[S<BQCD SDR PSD CA O ?DGD FD[C<CAb C< LDECA?>BDR PSD V N;D=DB\OX H=C>?D E>GDLD;AL DW ^SD[R V [DGO =>SQ FD[C<CAV[ NDPLOX 2D\<S N;A_B>R C>?DC<@R ND;>R F[<CASQ <IJ C> UL>SASR =DLDBQCDc
i;<=DFS>LBV` L>[ WASQFV C> ^SDS FP<S DW E>?B>=X 2CDGA< AE L>F FPAS>`SR WO=SD UD;D_D [<CV EC>`SR A OL<;<CYR PSD F<[AC>;Y N;ACDFVS [C< L<BAP>b_<< O=DLB<SLD;<CA<X iD F;>LC<CA` F OFABAV[AR ?DSD;YU DCA [C< FSDVSR DCDR OL<;V` L>FR L ;>FP<S C< A=<SX M>? PSD =bS< FLDA FS>L?AX aSD \< L ASDG<c vC>PAS BA ^SDR PSD S<R ?SD E>?B>= LYAG;>`SR [<CV B`WVSc iD=LD=V P<;SO ND= S<[R D P<[ F<GD=CV _B> ;<PQR F?>\O S>? ] EC>CA< SDGDR PSD F=<S L>_ N>;SC<;R B`WLA C< =D?>EYL><SX 2y A`CV 1973 GD=>X
+>? .>?>C 1IJ 0<[AC>;YK -CAG> XX (1972/73) i<;<LD= F Z;>C@OEF?DGD ] ,B<?F>C=; a<;CDGB>EDL 3E=>S<BQFSLD 6CDEAFR 3E=>S<BQFSLD .DGDF 2DF?L>R vOWDLF?Ab N;R 2 FS;X 1 e&~a#"K "e e%%ax~a#"Xch~{ "hxhs$u!"#se%sx~a#"Xch~ 0N;>L?A A DNSDLY< E>?ON?A ND >=;<FOK -CA\CYb [>G>EAC 6CDEAFR S<BX (w99)2**77*7X MA;>\ 3777 ^?EX HSNS>CD L iii MANDG;>ZAV />O?> 121799 2DF?L>R OWACF?Ab N<;XR yX

- Лакан Жак, Семинары. Книга 20. Еще

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

- Лакан Жак, Семинары. Книга 20. Еще

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Jacques Lacan LE SEMINAIRE ENCORE LIVRE XX (1972/1973) Tex e e a!

7 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I

1e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> I

21 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II

kFBDLCY< DWDEC>P<CAV S<;[ACDLK

=<VS<BQ AFSAC> 2w +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> II

3* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> III

w9 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IV

y3 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> V

77 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI

7e +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VI iDC>P>BO CO\CD PAS>SQX

93 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VII

177 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> VIII

0A[LDBAP<F?D< ND=DWA< >

0U<[> >C>BASAP<F?DGD =AF?O;F>

LF<G=> DFS><SFV C>FSD;D\<X

I) 6=< GDLD;VSR S>[ C>FB>\=>`SFV A CAP<GD C< EC>`SX

12* +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> IX

1w1 +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> X

H=C>?DR C<E>LAFA[D DS =BACY @<NDP?AR N<;LD< A NDFB<=C<< << EL<CQV

F<bP>F ^SD N;D=<[DCFS;A;O`X 0=<B><[ FC>P>B> LDS S>?X

1yy +>? .>?>C 1IJK GB>L> XI

Вам также может понравиться