-

2908

- 2002 .
..
. . 2002 .,
26 .

,

________________

. 50 .

;
: 300/400 /;
: 0.2 ; 0.8 ;
1.2 , 3 ; - 3 .
5.6 .

Q, 3/
Nx,
N,
1
300
200
100
2
200
150
80
3
150
100
50
1.4, %
40, 80.

1. , / 40; 2. , / 3200; 3. ,
960; 4. , - 400; 5. ,
600; 6. , 60.
%:
25; 25;
20; 30.
.

. 1.1.
: 1 400*200; 2 - 100*300

,
.
1.

:
;
,
,
;

( );
,
;
.

,

(d, J, h/d, V),

;
;

;
,

() .
1.1.

. 1.1. ,

( ).
.
.

().
.
1[1].
1.2.

,
,
.
1.2.1.
,
.

().
- 4 200*400 ,
:

F1 = fi = 8+8+8+8 = 32
4 3 (100*300 )

F2 = fi = 3+3+3+3 = 12
,
(20-50 ).
N :

N=*F

- , / ( ).
-300, 400 / (
).

N1 = 300*32 = 9600
N2 = 400*12 = 4800

100 .
:

N = N1 + N2 = 9600+ 4800 = 14400

:

Q = 1.05*qn* N/1000 3/,

qn
[2], 1.05
. 2.5. [1].
.
200 /* , 150 /*.

Q1 = 1.05*200*9600/1000= 2016 3/
Q2= 1.05*150*4800/1000=756 3/

Q = Q1 + Q2 = 2016+756 = 2772 3/

Q = Q/24 = 115.5 3/

q = Q/3.6 = 32.08 /
1.2.2.
:

Q = n*qn/1000, 3/
:

qp = Q*/(t*3.6)
n
; qn /;
; t , .
1.1.
( )
: 3 . 1 , 1 3 ,

n = t`*3*3*m, m .
t` t.
[3].
1.1.

400

qn,

Q,

t,

180

72

10

3200

100

320

16

8.9

960

12

11.52

12

0.32

600

300

180

24

2.5

12.5

4320

16

69.12

12

2.5

4.8

400

300

120

24

2.5

8.33

/, 1.1.
n 40*10 /.

. t` 8 , n = 8*3*3*60 = 4320
/.
1.2.3.
.

:

q = q + q + q
q ,
/; q , /; q-
, /; q , /.

q = Q*/(t*3.6)
q = (25*N*3 + 45*N*2.5)/(t*3600)
Q ,
();

();

t , , t = 8 .
25, 45
, /*; N ,N
( ); 3, 2.5
.

q = Q*/(t*3.6) = 300*1.4/(8*3.6) =24.61 /

q = (25*200*3 + 45*100*2.5)/(8*3600) = 0.911 /

:

: Qi = 375*(m + m), 375
1 45 ; m m
.
m = N/mn , N ,

% , .. N = N*(%)/100; mn
1 ,
mn = 10, - mn = 5.

: q = Q*1000/(45*60)
:
N = 200*40/100 = 80 ; N =
100*80*100 = 80 .
Q1 = 375*(80/10 + 80/5)/1000 = 9 3/,

q = 9*1000/(45*60) = 3.33 /
q = q + q + q = 24.61 + 0.911 + 3.33 = 28.85 /
Q =
N*qn/1000 , 1.2.
1.2.


N,
q,
Q ,
N,
m
Q,
/ 3/

3/
1

200
25
5
80
8
3

100
45
4.5
80
16
6

150
80
100
50

25
45
25
45

3.75
3.6
2.5
2.25

10
60
64
40
40

6
13
5
8

2.25
4.875
1.875
3

1.2.4.

:

q = (q)*Ko + q

q = qo*f, qo , /*, f
, . ,
.
, ,
. . 1.1
,
,
. 1.3.
( )
:

Q Q

q0 =

24 * 3.6 * F

Q ,

3/;

( ,
, ). F , .

2016 572
= 0.52 /( * )
24 * 3.6 * 32
756 80.64
= 0.65 /( * )
qo 2 =
24 * 3.6 *12
qo1 =

(572 = 72 + 180+320; 80.64 = 11.52 + 69.12)

. 1.4.
1.4 ,
.

11

, ,
.
1.3.


,
q, /
, qo1 = 0.52 /(*)
2*2/2 = 2
8 - 2*2 = 4
2*1/2=1
(8-2*1)/2=3
, qo2 = 0.65 /(*)
I , II ,
0.5
III , IV ,
0.5
I , II , III , IV
2
1 , I , II, II
I, II
III , , IV ,
III , , IV ,

1.04
2.08
0.52
1.56
0.325
0.325
1.3

:
1.
( )
1.4.;
2. . 2 [1]
,

= 1.61+4.44/q, ,
. 2[1];
3. ,
qf (
);
4.
.

,
;

12

5. ( 10)

.

(qoi*Fi), i .
,
.

.
2
1.5.
1 - 1.7.

.
:

, .26[1];
, 26[1].

( . 40 .
).

,
,
(
). ( d, J,
h/d, ,
) 1.6 1.8.
1.3.
,

.

13

. :
= hmin + J*L + Z1- Z2 + ,
hmin , hmin = h. 0.3(0.5) ; h.
, .
J L
,
150 ,
[1] J = 0.008;
Z1 Z2
;
.

( )
.
,

,
.
2 .
100*300 . 20 .
2 ., hmin= 2 - 0.3 = 1.7
.
1-2: = 1.7 + 0.008*110 + 23 - 23 + 0.1 = 2.7
4-5: = 1.7 + 0.008*110 + 22.8 23 + 0.05 = 2.45
7-5: = 1.7 + 0.008*110 + 22 23 + 0.05 = 2.63 1 = 1.63 <
1.7 = 1.7 .
, 3 4 2
1.7 (

, )
3-8: = 1.7 + 0.008*110 + 21 21.9 + 0.15 = 1.83 1.85
2-3: = 1.7 + 0.008*110 + 22.1 21.9 + 0.1= 1.88 1.9

14

10 -11: = 1.7 + 0.008*110 + 22 21.8 + 0.05 = 2.83

8-11: = 1.7 + 0.008*110 + 20.8 21.7 + 0.2 = 1.88
2-3, 3-8, 8-11, 10-11 = 1.9 .
1 .
200-300 , 20 .
1-2: =1.7 + 0.008*210 + 22.6 - 22.8 + 0.05 = 3.25 .
4-2: = 1.7 + 0.008*210 + 22.05 - 22.8 + 0.05 = 3 .
1-2, 4-2, 5-6, 8-10, 9-10 = 3 .
4-2 ( III ): =1.7+110*0.008+22.1-21.5+0.05
= 2.5 < 3 .
2-3: = 1.7 + 110*0.008+ 0 +0.1 = 2.7 .
2-3, 6-7, 10-11 = 2.7

, 2.25 .
( = 1.7 + 0.88 + 21- 21.5 + 0.1 = 2.25 ).

.
1-2 (23-22.1)/85 = 0.0108,
1-3 10 .
1-3
300,
250 . [ ]
h/d V.
1.5.
h J*L.

. 1-2 , = - = 23 - 1.7
= 21.3; = J*L = 21.3 0.85 = 20.45.
= , 1= 23 21.3 = 1.7; 2 =
22.1 20.45 = 1.65. ,
,

15

( 2), ,
, .
2-3 ,
1-2.
1-3 20.45 (0.14-0.13) = 20.44, .. =1.9
= 22.1 1.9 = 20.2.
4-5 1.7 ,
4 = 21.6 1.7 =19.9, = 19.9 0.6 = 19.3.
1 = 21.6 - 19.9 = 1.7, 2 = 21 - 19.3 = 1.7
6-5:
= 1.7. = 22.1 1.7 = 20.4; = 20.4 1.75 = 18.65; 1 =
22.1- 20.4 = 1.7; 2 = 21 18.65 = 2.35
7-5:
= 1.7. = 22.1 1.7 = 20.4; = 20.4 1.75 = 18.65; 1 =
22.1- 20.4 = 1.7; 2 = 21 18.65 = 2.35
5-8:
,
, 6 5
( 7 5 ), 5 8
6-5. 5-8 6-5 ,
h2 - h1 = 0.09 - 0.05 = 0.04 ,
..

= 18.61 0.84 = 17.77; 1 = 21 - 18.61 = 2.39;

2 = 20.2 17.77 = 2.43
9-11 , 1-3.
3-.
3-8
..

8-11 5-8 3-8,

= 17.77 5-8 = 17.87
3-8, 8-11 17.77.
..

0.15

h = 18.65 0.04 = 18.61

d = 19 0.05 = 18.95
=
= J * L = 18.95 1.085 = 17.87
=

d = 17.77 0.15 = 17.62

16

1.4.
(2 )
, /
, /

qf, /
q, /
.
.

.
.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1-3
1-2
0.325
0
0.33
2.5
0.813
28.85
0
28.85
29.66
2-3
0.325
0.325
0.65
2.5
1.625
0
28.85
28.85
30.48
4-8
4-5
0.65
0
0.65
2.5
1.625
0
0
0
1.625
7-5
1.3
0
1.3
2.5
3.25
0
0
0
3.25
6-5
1.3
0
1.3
2.5
3.25
0
0
0
3.25
5-8
0.65
3.25
3.9
2.5
9.75
0
0
0
9.75
9-11
9-10
0.325
0
0.325
2.5
0.813
0
0
0
0.813
10-11
0.325
0.325
0.65
2.5
1.625
0
0
0
1.625
3-
3-8
1.3
0.65
1.95
2.5
4.875
0.32
28.85
29.17
34.05
8-11
1.3
5.85
7.15
2.32
16.59
4.8
29.17
33.97
50.56
11-`
0
7.8
7.8
2.27
17.71
0
33.97
33.97
51.68
: 0.65*12 = 7.8 / (0.65 , 12 2 )

q = 33.97 = 28.85 + 0.32 + 4.8

17

18
1.5.

(2 )

L,

q,
/

D,

V,
/

h/d
h,

,
J*L,

1-3
1-2

85

29.66

0.25

10

1.15

0.52

0.13

0.85

23

22.1

21.3

20.45

1.7

1.65

2-3

120

30.48

0.25

10

1.16

0.53

0.14

1.2

22.1

21.2

20.2

19.00

1.9

2.2

4-8
4-5

85

1.625

0.2

0.17

0.03

0.60

21.6

21

19.9

19.3

1.7

1.7

7-5

250

3.25

0.2

0.23

0.05

1.75

22.1

21

20.4

18.65

1.7

2.35

6-5

250

3.25

0.2

0.23

0.05

1.75

22.1

21

20.4

18.65

1.7

2.35

5-8

120

9.75

0.2

0.43

0.09

0.84

21

20.2

18.61

17.77

2.39

2.43

9-10

85

0.813

0.2

11

0.11

0.02

0.935

23.1

22.1

21.4

20.46

1.7

1.64

10-11

120

1.625

0.2

11

0.16

0.03

1.32

22.1

21.3

20.2

18.78

1.9

2.52

3-8

320

34.05

0.3

3.5

0.8

0.58

17.86

2.25

2.34

8-11

320

50.56

0.4

2.8

0.81

11-`

80

51.68

0.4

2.8

0.82

9-11

3-
0.17

1.085

21.2

20.2

18.95

0.49

0.2

0.87

20.2

21.3

17.57

16.7

2.63

4.6

0.51

0.21

0.23

21.3

20

16.69

16.46

4.61

3.54

8-11 11-` 400 , 350 .

19

1.3.
, q =
51.68 ( 1.6.). 2 ,
q1 = 51.68/2 = 25.84 /. :

4*q
=
* V

d=

4 * 0.02584
= 0.184 .
3.14 * 1

d = 150 , :

V=

4*q
4 * 0.02584
=
= 1.46 /
3.14 * d 2 3.14 * 0.152

R = d/4 = 0.15/4 = 0.0375

:

C= R

0.167

0.167

0.0375
0.013

= 44.45

V
1.46
J=
=
= 0.0288
2
2
R C 0.0375 * 44.45
h = J*L = 0.0288*65 = 1.87 .
20 % ,
= 1.2*h = 1.2*1.87 = 2.24 . = =
16.46 - 2.24 = 14.22 = 20 14.2
= 5.28 . ,
2 , 2
, 4. = 4*2.24 =
8.96 . = + h =
16.51+0.21 = 16.72 .

= + = 16.72 + 8.96 = 25.21 .,
, .. ,
-
1 ,
= 2 .
.

20

,
, 1 , - .
.
-

.

21

22

. ()
1. 11-`; 2- ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 - 1
; 6 .

, /
.
.
2
3

1-2
4-2
2-3

1.04
3.64
0.52

0
0
4.68

5-6
6-7

2.08
1.04

0
2.08

8-10
9-10
10-11

1.04
3.64
0.52

0
0
4.68

3-7
7-11
11-

1.56
1.56
0

5.2
9.88
24.44

23

1.6.
(1 )
, /

qf, /
q, /

.
.

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1-3
1.04
2.5
2.6
2
0
2
4.6
3.64
2.5
9.1
0
0
0
9.1
5.2
2.46
12.81
0
2
2
14.81
5-7
2.08
2.5
5.2
0
0
0
5.2
3.12
2.5
7.8
0
0
0
7.8
9-11
1.04
2.5
2.6
12.5
0
12.5
15.1
3.64
2.5
9.1
8.9
0
8.9
18
5.2
2.46
12.79
0
21.4
21.4
34.19
3-
6.76
2.27
15.32
8.33
2
10.33
25.65
11.44
1.98
22.86
0
10.33
10.33
33.19
24.44
1.79
43.79
0
65.7
65.7
109.49

q = 24.44 = 0.65*12 + 0.52*32;

q = 33.97 + 2 + 12.5 + 8.9 + 8.33 = 65.7 /

24
1.8.

L,

q ,
/

(1 )

,
D,
J,
V,
J*L,

h,

/ h/d

3.19

5.15

5.2

4.58

3.49

3.51

4.86

2.78

2.95

3
4.05

4
3.62

1-3
1-2

170

4.6

0.2

0.61

0.28

0.06

1.19

22.8

21.8

19.8

4-2

350

9.1

0.2

0.75

0.42

0.08

2.45

22.1

21.8

19.1

2-3

220

14.81

0.25

0.7

0.46

0.12

0.88

21.8

20.3

16.6

18.6
1
16.6
5
15.7
2

5-7
5-6

170

5.2

0.2

0.65

0.31

0.06

1.19

22.8

22.1

19.8

6-7

350

7.8

0.2

0.72

0.38

0.08

2.45

22.1

21

18.5
9

18.6
1
16.1
4

8-11
8-10

170

15.1

0.25

0.7

0.46

0.12

0.68

22.6

21.7

19.6

8-10

170

15.1

0.25

0.75

0.43

0.11

0.85

22.6

21.7

19.6

9-10
10-11

350
220

18
34.39

0.25
0.3

4
3.5

0.73
0.8

0.51
0.58

0.13
0.17

1.4
0.77

22.1
21.7

21.7
20.6

19.1
17.6

18.9
2
18.7
5
17.7
16.8

25
5

3-
15.6
7
18.7
7-11
420 33.19
0.3
3.5
0.8
0.57
0.17 1.47
21
20.6
5
109.4
16.6
11-
20
0.5
2.5
0.96 0.57
0.29 0.05
20.6 20.6
9
8
2 3- ( 11 7 11-7)
16.7
11-7
420 84.5
0.4
2.8
0.9
0.68
0.31 1.18
20.6 21
3
109.4
13.7
7-
20
0.5
2.5
0.96 0.57
0.29 0.05
21
20.8
9
9
*
-
3-7

420

25.65

0.3

0.79

0.47

0.14

1.68

20.3

21

13.9
9
17.2
8
16.6
3
15.5
5
13.7
4

4.63

7.01*

2.25

3.32

3.42

3.51

3.47

5.45

7.21

7.06

26

1-2, q = 4.6, 14.6 /,

d = 200, 200
[1] 0.007,
( 200 8
/ ).
1-2 ():
= 22.8-3 = 19.8; = 19.8-0.007*170 = 19.8 1.19 = 18.61; 1 =
22.8-19.8 =3; 2 = 21.8-18.61 = 3.19;
4-2 ():
= 22.1 3 = 19.1; = 19.1- 2.45 = 16.65; 1 = 22.1-19.1 = 3;
21.8-16.65 = 5.15;
2-3 ( ):
..

= 16.6 0.88 = 15.72; 1 = 21.8 16.6 = 5.2; 2 = 20.3 15.72 =

4.58.
8-10 0.004,
2.78 < = 3,
,
2.95.
3-7 ( ).
2-3,
2-3 =15.72, D 2-3 = 0.25 D3-7 = 0.3
= 15.72 - d = 15.72- 0.05 =
15.67. = 15.67 1.68 = 13.99; 1 = 20.3 15.67 = 4.63; 2 = 21
13.99 = 7.01, 3-7
,
, 7-11, ,
, = 2.25 .
2 7 (
20 7 ). 7-11
117.
,
, , , .

d = 16.65 0.05 = 16.6

27

1.4.
Q = 2772
3/,
1.1.

Q = 652.64 / ( )
3

q = (2772 652.64) / (24*3.6) = 24.52 /

[]
.
:

Q = %*(2772-652/64)/100


.
, ,
%, [], [].

, 4
. : Qmax =
Q*/8, 7 : Q =
(Q Qmax )/7.
8- 17, 17 22.

% ( %,
) .
:
q = 259.2 3/. = 259.2/3.6 = 72 /
2 , q1 = 72/2 = 36 /.
:

d=

4 * q1
3.14 * V

4 * 0.036
=0.214
3.14 * 1

d = 200 , :

4 * q1
4 * 0.036
v=
=
= 1.15 /
2
2
3.14 * d 3.14 * 0.2

28

,
R = d/4 = 0.2/4 = 0.05 ,
:

29
4.1.

0-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
23-24

3/

2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,3
3,5
4,8
6,1
7,1
7,1
7,1
5,4
3,5
3,5
3,5
4,8
6
6
6
4,3
2,9
2,3
0
2,3
98

48,7
48,7
48,7
48,7
48,7
74,2
101,7
129,3
150,5
150,5
150,5
114,4
74,2
74,2
74,2
101,7
127,2
127,2
127,2
91,1
61,5
48,7
0,0
48,7
2119

3/

7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2
7,2

72

3/

3/

20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
320

0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,5
0,6
3
5
8
10
6
10
10
6
5
8,5
5,5
5
5
5
2
0,7
3
0,5
100

0,24
0,24
0,24
0,24
0,6
0,72
3,6
6
9,6
12
7,2
12
12
7,2
6
10,2
6,6
6
6
6
2,4
0,84
3,6
0,6
120

3/

12
3
1
18
18
2
2
2
4
4
4
6
3
5
6
10

8,29
2,07
0,69
12,44
12,44
1,38
1,38
1,38
2,76
2,76
2,76
4,15
2,07
3,46
4,15
6,91

100

69

3/

0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,5
0,6
3
5
8
10
6
10
10
6
5
8,5
5,5
5
5
5
2
0,7
3
0,5
100

0,36
0,36
0,36
0,36
0,9
1,08
5,4
9
14,4
18
10,8
18
18
10,8
9
15,3
9,9
9
9
9
3,6
1,26
5,4
0,9
180

3/ .

4
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
4
4

0,46
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,46
0,46

100

12

18,8
18,8
18,8
18,8
18,8
18,8
18,8
18,8
37,5
37,5
37,5
37,5
37,5
37,5
37,5
37,5
25,0
25,0
25,0
25,0
25,0
25,0
25,0
25,0
650

12,50
0,31 12,50 0,28
6,25
0,16
8,12 0,18
6,25
0,16
8,12 0,18
6,25
0,16
8,12 0,18
18,75
0,47 15,65 0,35
37,50
0,94 31,25 0,70
6,25
0,16
8,12 0,18
6,25
0,16
8,12 0,18
12,50
0,63 12,50 0,56
6,25
0,31
8,12 0,37
6,25
0,31
8,12 0,37
6,25
0,31
8,12 0,37
18,75
0,94 15,65 0,70
37,50
1,88 31,25 1,41
6,25
0,31
8,12 0,37
6,25
0,31
8,12 0,37
12,50
0,47 12,50 0,45
6,25
0,23
8,12 0,29
6,25
0,23
8,12 0,29
6,25
0,23
8,12 0,29
18,75
0,70 15,65 0,56
37,50
1,41 31,25 1,13
6,25
0,23
8,12 0,29
6,25
0,23
8,12 0,29
300
11
300
10

3/

7,13

2,14
1,94
1,94
1,94
1,97
2,73
3,91
4,69
6,78
7,33
6,99
6,00
4,89
4,59
4,47
5,55
5,92
5,65
5,60
4,40
3,35
2,98
1,54
2,71
100

75,8
68,4
68,4
68,4
69,8
96,4
138,1
165,9
239,6
259,2
247,2
212,1
172,8
162,5
158,2
196,3
209,5
200,0
197,9
155,6
118,3
105,3
54,5
95,8
3536,2

4,88

9,00

21

30

275,0
250,0
225,0
200,0

150,0
125,0
100,0
75,0
50,0

23-24

22-23

21-22

20-21

19-20

18-19

17-18

16-17

15-16

14-15

13-14

12-13

11-12

10-11

9-10

8-9

7-8

6-7

5-6

4-5

3-4

2-3

0,0

1-2

25,0
0-1

175,0

C= R

31

0.167

. n = 0.013.
0.167

0.05
C=
0.013
2

=46.64

V
1.15
J= 2 =
= 0.012
2
R
*
0
.
05
C
46.64
h = 0.012*1050 =12.6 .
:

= + 1.1*h + h + 1
, = , =
+ 8 > + 4 = 12+8 = 20 < 23+4, = 23 + 4 = 27 .
=
1(2),
( ).
= 13.74 1 = 12.74. = 27 13.74 = 13.26 .
= 13.26+ 1.1* 12.6 + 2.5 + 1 = 30.62

32

.
2.
. 2
. 25 % , 20 % , 30
, 25 % . . 1.1.

2.1.
,
.
.
.
.

33

2.2.
. 1 [1] q20, q20=60 /(*).
4 [1] n, , m. n=0.58, =1.54,
m=80.
0.5.
:

Q = A/tn
4 [1] .
A = q2020n(1+lgp/lgm) = 60200.58(1 + lg(0.5)/lg(80))1.54=608.64
(1- 0.3/1.9)1.54 =261.57
t

.

.

2 [1].

q= Zmid A1.2/(tcon + tcan + tp)

,
,
11 [1], =0.65.

34

. 2.1.

35

Zmid , tcon -
. 2.16 [1],
7 ., tcan -
, tcan=1.
tcan=0, tp
,
, tp
.
1.1.
2.1.
Zmid

f
z
fz

0.25
0.32
0.08

0.25
0.125
0.03

0.20
0.038
0.01

0.30
0.064
0.02
1
0.14
f ( ) ,
z
9, z
10.

Zmid = (fz)/f =0.14/1 = 0.14

:

q = A`/(t`+tp)n`
A` = Zmid A

1.2

= 0.7 0.14 261.61.2 = 76.96 ~=77

t` = tcon + tcan = 7+1 = 8 .

n` = 1.2n - 0.1 = 1.20.58 0.1= 0.6
q = A`/(t`+tp)n` = 77/(8+tp)0.6
,
0 30(60) ,
. 2.2.
2.2.

tp
q

0
22.3

5
16.7

10
13.74

20
10.6

30
8.8

40
7.66

36

, . 2.2.

22,00

20,00

18,00

16,00

14,00

12,00

10,00

8,00

10

15

20

25

t,

. 2.2. q = f(t)

30

35

37

2.3.
2.3.

Ia, I, II, II, IIIa, III, IV, IV

2.1*2.2/2=2.31

I, II, III, IV

4.2*2.2/2=4.62

2.3.

1. ,

,
.
.
2. , V >= 0.7,
V > V., V.
.
, V V, V = f(d).
3. ,

.
. 2.1.
q.
4. ,
qcol = q*F.
5.

(d

4 * qcol
*V

);

, , 0.52,
V = 0.75, .5
0.9.
6. dc
:

38

|d - dc|/d <= 0.05

,
,
- .
[4], [5] .
:

V
J= 2
C *R
R
:

C= R

= d/4.

0.167

n .
7.

.
1-2 1.3. (
1-2 1) 2.31 .
,
0. , 1- 2
2.31 .
1-2 150 (

), V = 0.7 /,
:

t=

L
= 150/(60*0.7) = 3.57
60 * V

. 2.1. q = 18 /,
: qcol =
18*2.31=41.7 /.

d=

4 * 0.041
3.14 * 0.7

= 0.27

dc = 0.25 9.2 %,
5 %. ( )
0.8 /.


t =

39

L
= 150/(60*0.8) = 3.13 ,
60 * V

2.2. q = 18.1 /*,

qcol = 18.1*2.31=41.9 /. d =
0.26 , d c = 0.25 /
5 %,
dc = 0.25 /.


!

R = 0.25/4= 0.0625,

0.167

C = 0.0625
0.013

= 54.36,

V
J= 2
C *R

0.8
2
54.36 * 0.0625

= 0.0047

:
1 = 1 - = 22.3 2 = 20.3; 2 = 1- JL = 20.3-0.66 = 19.64;
1 = 1 - 1 = 22.3 - 20.3 = 2; 2 = 2 - 2 = 21.6 19.64 = 1.96

[4], [5].

,
44 [4],
,

|qcol - q|/ qcol <= 0.1

40

q -
, ,
.

41
2.4.

. .

1-2
4-2
2-3

2,31 0,00
4,62 0,00
2,31 6,93

2,31 150 0,80

4,62 300 1,00
9,24 220 1,10

5-6
6-7

4,62 0,00
4,62 4,62

4,62 150 1,15

9,24 220 1,25

8-10 2,31 0,00

9-10 4,62 0,00
10-11 2,31 6,93

2,31 150 0,80

4,62 300 1,00
9,24 220 1,00

3-7
7-11
11-

4,62 9,24 13,9 420 1,25

4,6 23,1 27,76 420 1,1
0
37 37,00 40 1,4

q qcol d
/

dc

J JL

1-3
3,13 0,00 3,13 18,1 41,9
5,00 0,00 5,00 16,5 76,3
3,33 5,00
8,3 14,4 133,1
5-7
2,17 0,00 2,17 19,1 88,44
2,93 2,17 5,10 16,4 152,0
8-11
3,13 0,00 3,13 18,1 41,91
5,00 0,00 5,00 16,5 76,34
3,7
5,0
8,7 14,2 131,5
(3- )
5,6
8,3 13,9 12,1 167,5
6,7 13,9 20,6 10,3 286,0
0,5 20,6 21,1 10,2 377,2
(3- ) -

0,26 0,25 4,37 0,66

0,31 0,30 5,35 1,61
0,39 0,40 4,41 0,97

22,3
22,1
21,6

21,6 20,30 19,64

21,6 20,10 18,49
20,2 18,39 17,42

2,00
2,00
3,21

1,96
3,11
2,78

0,31 0,30 7,08 1,06

0,39 0,40 5,70 1,25

22,8
22,1

22,1 20,80 19,74

21,0 19,64 18,39

2,00
2,46

2,36
2,61

0,26 0,25 4,37 0,66

0,31 0,30 5,35 1,61
0,41 0,40 3,65 0,80

22,3
22,1
21,6

21,6 20,30 19,64

21,6 20,10 18,49
20,3 18,39 17,59

2,00
2,00
3,21

1,96
3,11
2,71

0,41 0,40 5,70 2,39

0,59 0,6 2,34 0,98
0,59 0,6 4,16 0,17
2

20,2
21,0
20,3

21,0 17,42 15,03

20,3 14,80 13,82
20,0 13,82 13,65

2,78
6,20
6,48

5,97
6,48
6,35

3-7

4,6 9,24 13,90 420

0,8

8,8

8,3

17,1 11,1 155,0

0,50

0,5 1,73 0,73

20,2

21,0 17,30 16,57

2,90

4,43

7-11

4,6 23,1 27,76 420

0,9

7,8

17,1

24,9

9,5 262,9

0,61

0,6 1,72 0,72

21,0

20,3 16,45 15,73

4,55

4,57

1,2

0,6

24,9

25,5

9,4 346,7

0,61

0,6 3,06 0,12

20,3

20 15,73 15,61

4,57

4,39

11-

37

37

40

42

43

44

3.

, ,
,
, .
. 1 .
4-2 ( 2-3),
16.65 + 5*0.007 = 16.65 + 0.035 = 16.685.
16.685+0.2 =
16.885. 19.210.00441*5 = 19.188.
3-7
6-7 .
= 7+ J6-7*5 = 16.14 + 0.007*5 = 16.14+0.035 = 16.175
= 7 + J3-7*5 = 17.01 + 0.00281*5 =
17.01+ 0.14 = 17.15
8-10 = 10 + J8-10 *5 = 18.75 +
0.005*5 =
d=0.25
9-10
= 10+ J 9-10*5 =
d = 0.35
10-11 = 10 + J10-11 = 16.88 + 0.0035
* 5 d = 0.3
7-11 = 10 + J7-11 * 5 = 15.88 +
0.00234*5 d = 0.6

() .


. ,
, .

,
. / .
.
d = 200, 250
. d = 300, 400, 500, 600
.

45

4. -

( = (1+2)/2). ,
L
.
4.1.

d

h1

h2

*L

200

1,7
1,7
1,7
2,39
1,7
1,9
3
3
3
3,51

1,7
2,35
2,35
2,43
1,64
2,52
3,19
5,15
3,49
4,86

1,7
2,025
2,025
2,41
1,67
2,21
3,095
4,075
3,245
4,185

250

1,7
1,9
5,2
3
3

1,65
2,2
4,58
2,95
4

1,675
2,05
4,89
2,975
3,5

300

2,25
4,05
4,63

2,34
3,62
7,01

2,295
3,835
5,82

350

2,58
4,56

4,55
3,49

3,565
4,025

400
500

3,47
7,21

5,45
7,06

4,46
7,135

85
250
250
120
85
120
170
350
170
350
1950
85
120
220
170
350
945
320
220
420
960
320
80
400
420
20

144,5
506,25
506,25
289,2
141,95
265,2
526,15
1426,25
551,65
1464,75
5822,15
142,375
246
1075,8
505,75
1225
3194,925
734,4
843,7
2444,4
4022,5
1140,8
322
1462,8
1873,2
142,7

L
150
150
300
300
150
300
750
220
220
220
660
420
420
420
40
460

*L

d
250

h1
h2
H
2
2

1,96
1,96

1,98
1,98

350

2
2
2

2,34
1,83
2,34

2,17
1,915
2,17

400

2,39
1,88
2,35

1,96
2,14
1,85

2,175
2,01
2,1

450

2,01

3,99

600

4,14
4,44

4,42
4,31

4,28
4,375

297
297
594
651
287,25
651
1589,25
478,5
442,2
462
1382,7
1260
1260
1797,6
175
1972,6

46

:
H = (L*)/L
3.1. d = 200 = 5622.15/1950 = 2.88
d = 250; = 3194.925/945 = 3.38
d = 300; = 4022.5/960 = 4.19
d = 350; = 1462.8/400 = 3.66
d = 400; = 1873.2/420 = 4.46
d = 500; = 142.7/20 = 7.13

d = 250; = 594/300 = 1.98
d = 350; = 1589.25/750 = 2.2
d = 400; = 1382.7/660 = 2.1
d = 450; =1260/420 = 3
d = 600; = 1972.6/460 = 4.29
1 ()
[][].
1 .
.
4.2.

, L,
1
d,

..,
, .

200 2.88
1950
250 3.38
945
300 4.19
960
400 4.46
420
500 7.13
20

250 1.98
300
350 2.2
750
400 2.1
660
600 4.29
460

, , ,
, . ,
80 ,
.

47

2 ,
6 (), 756 3/,
8.5 , 2772 3/.
6.

7.

48

1. ....5
1.1. ...............................5
1.2. ...................................................6
1.2.1. ........................................6
1.2.2. ....................7
1.2.3. ..........8
1.2.4. ...........10

1.3. ...............12
1.3. .............................................................19
1.4. ...........................27
2. .........................................32
2.1. ............32
2.2. ...............................33
2.3.
....................................................................37
3. .........................44
4. - ............................................45
6. ......................................................47
7. ............................47