Treaty of Versailles

Who abdicated on 9th Nov 1918? Kaiser Wilhelm II

Weimar Republic
Who was the first Weimar President? Freidrich Ebert

Political violence
Who led the Spartacist Uprising? Rose Luxemburg and Karl Liebneckt Left or right wing? Left, sponsored by the communists Why was communism so prevalent in Weimar Germany? USSR next door

Other problems
Why was there a Ruhr Crisis in 1923? Germany couldnt afford to pay reparations to France so France invaded the Ruhr in retaliation Why the Ruhr? Industrial heart of Germany How did workers react? Passive resistance, though some sabotage of factories Why did the Germans give in?

What did those who signed the armistice later become known as? November Criminals What was Article 231? War Guilt

Why was it called the Weimar Republic? Berlin too dangerous so new govt. in Weimar; republic because no more monarchy Who appointed the Chancellor?

How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?

6.6billion Give two examples of military restrictions.

The President, though he had to come from Parliament

What special power did the President have? Article 48 emergency powers

Who put down the Spartacists? Freikorps Hyperinflation Who were the Freikorps? Free Corps, or ex-WWI soldiers Which Chancellor/Foreign Minister helped reorganise reparations in 1924? Gustav Stresemann Stresemann introduced a new temporary currency what? Rentenmark

100,000 men in army; no air force; no subs; 15,000 sailors; demilitarise Rhineland
What was given to France? Alsace-Lorraine

Why were there so many coalition governments?

Because of proportional representation each party had a percentage of seats representing its proportion of the vote

Who led their Kapp Putsch in 1920? Dr Wolfgang Kapp Why did it fail?

What was given to Poland?

Polish corridor

Workers (often communist sympathisers) went on strike

Which Plan helped Germany pay its reparations? Dawes Plan