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Performance
THROUGH LEADERSHIP
SURFACE SYSTEMS
Romania, 9,600
Sales and Service Locations Manufacturing Plants, 2007 Capacity (in Units)
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SURFACE SYSTEMS
Why Cameron?
When it comes to setting industry standards, Cameron is the Measure of Technology.
Facility Size: 53,000 sq ft
We have a dedicated facility for research, development, and proving of new products and technologies.
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Presentation Outline
Conventional Well Drilling / Completion Wellheads Christmas Trees
Surface Systems
Seal Technology
Gate Valves
Actuators Chokes
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Wellhead Terminology
Tree Cap
------------- Wing
Tee Choke Upper Master Valve Outboard Actuated Safety Valve Lower Master Valve Outboard Valve Tubing Hanger
Landing Base
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Wellhead
Common Features:
Wellhead support and suspend casing string Provides a connection point for the pressure control equipment Contains well pressure Allows access into the production and annulus bores
Types:
Independent (screwed connection) Non-Conventional Conventional (flanged connection)
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Non-Conventional
MBS, MB20, TSW, DBTS, SSMC, SS, CSW
Features:
Enhanced safety Rig time savings Internal lock down Space savings Quick connects Weight savings
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MBS
Multi-Bowl System Features:
Lower two housings installed through rotary Two casing strings run with only one BOP N/U High hanging capacity Rated 5-15K completions
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MB20
Multi-Bowl System 20K
Features:
Extreme services High hanging capacity High pressure completions Dual Multi-bowl design Fast Clamp connection Metal-to-Metal sealing capabilities
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TSW
Time Savings Wellhead
Features:
Low cost 3-10K completions Installed through rotary Threaded ring quick connect Mandrel hangers available Frac mandrel allows for 10K fracturing on 5K completions
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DBTS
Dual Barrier Time Saver
Features:
Low cost 3-10K completions Fluted mandrel hanger Installed through rotary Threaded ring quick connect Retrievable pack-offs with internal lockdown Dual barrier sealing and testing capabilities
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SSMC
Standard Snap-Ring Modular Compact
Features:
5-15K completions Multi-bowl design Installed through rotary Fluted mandrel hanger Metal-to-Metal sealing capabilities Flangelock or Fastlock quick connects Retrievable pack-offs with internal lock-down Lends itself to offshore installations where space and weight are concerns
Flangelock Connector
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Fastlock Connector
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SS Wellhead
Space Saver Features:
Low cost Compact profile Eliminates tubing spool Latch type tubing hanger 3-10K completions Nested hangers allow reduced stackup heights
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CSW
Conductor Sharing Wellhead Features:
Field proven Improved safety Simple operation Low maintenance Cost effective system Maximizes platform space Modular design using SSMC components Reduced installation time
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Conventional
Flanged Wellheads Features:
High Pressure Severe service Robust with high integrity seals Most Common API Connections
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Casing Housing
A Section Features:
Bottom connection Side outlets Top connection Hanger Bowl Optional landing base
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Casing Housing
Bottom Connection Types
Threaded
Slip Lock
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Casing Housing
CAMFORGE Casing Connection System
Features: 10K pressure rating No welding or pre-machining Hydraulic pressure forms pressure tight metal seal Mechanical casing cut, so existing Production can continue
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Casing Spool
B Section: Intermediate Spool
Features: Bottom connection Secondary seal Side outlets Top connection Hanger bowl
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Casing Spool
Secondary Seal Types
P-Seal
NX Bushing
CANH Seal
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Casing Hangers
Slip Type
Automatic
Manual
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Casing Hangers
Mandrel
Features:
No waiting on cement Can be run through BOP BPV thread option Hanger can be run with casing
Side View
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Casing Hangers
Fluted Mandrel
Side View
Features:
BPV thread option No waiting on cement Flow-by slots for cement Can be run through BOP Hanger can be run with casing Separate retrievable Pack-off assy
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Tubing Spool
C Section: Tubing Head Features:
Side outlets Hanger bowl Secondary Seal Top connection Tie-Down screws Bottom connection
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Tubing Hanger
Dual Completions
MTBS
Common Features:
BPV prep available Provides annular seal Provides landing thread Suspends weight of tubing Provides down-hole penetrations Metal-to-Metal sealing options for HPHT
CXS
T-40-CL
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Tubing Hanger
Dual Completions
Features:
Split hanger design Resilient annular seal Resilient or metal neck seal Used for multiple completions Continuous control line available
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Tubing Hanger
Penetrations
Continuous
Features:
Production SCSSV line Pressure line Temperature lines Chemical injection Electrical submersible pump
ESP
Non-continuous
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Seal Terminology
Connection Seal
used as an atmospheric seal at all wellhead interfaces
Primary Seal
used to pack off between the wellhead and the casing in the bowl
Secondary Seal
used to seal the casing string into the next wellhead bottom
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Seal Descriptions
Primary Seals:
1. Casing Hangers:
Energized automatically by weight of casing, or manually by cap screws or tiedown screws.
2. Tubing Hangers:
-Metal or elastomeric sealing -Machined surface finish sealing area
Secondary Seals:
Metal or elastomer seals available. Installed in the bottom of the wellhead Seals against un-machined casing. Self-energized by radial squeeze or manually by adding plastic packing.
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Seal Technology
Secondary Seals Comparison Chart
Description
P Seal NX Bushing T Seal Canh Seal
Service Rating
Standard
Severe/ Corrosive
Seal Type
Elastomeric
Elastomeric
Elastomeric
Metal-To-Metal
10,000 psi
5,000 psi
Plastic Packing
Plastic Packing
Radial Interference
Size Range
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Elastomeric Seals
O-Ring
P Seal T Seal
S Seal
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Metal-to-Metal Seals
CANH
MTBS
SRL
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Connection Seals
R Ring Gasket
API
RX Ring Gasket
BX
(face-to-face contact)
CF Ring Gasket
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BPV
Handling Thread Seal Hanger Thread
TWC
Valve Stem
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Christmas Trees
Components Features:
Valves Tee and crosses Actuators Tree cap Choke Blind / instrument flanges Needle valves / pressure gauges
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Christmas Trees
Loose Valves Features:
Cost effective Repair by replacement Flexible manufacturing Single or dual-completions Large bore, high pressure available Alternative stack-up arrangements possible
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Christmas Trees
Solid Block Valves
Features:
Compact design Minimum leak paths Multi-cavity single forging High structural strength Single or dual-completions Ideal for offshore platform applications
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Model M
Slab gate valves
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W-K-M Model M
Expanding Gate
Features:
Cast body Metal sealing Low pressure (5K) Low-torque operation Upstream/downstream seal Does not require lubricants to seal Seat faces are isolated when valve is open
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XHP/HT
HPHT Wellhead-Tree 20,000 PSI / 300 Plus Degrees
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1-13/16
2-1/16
2-9/16 3 4
5-1/8
6-3/8 7-3/8 9
Note
FLS slab type gate valves with tailrod for manual valves
1: Use FLS Slab type gate valves for Clad or subsea applications. 2: FL and FLS are forged, Model M is cast.
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AA- General Service BB- General Service CC- General Service DD- Sour Servicea EE- Sour Servicea FF- Sour Servicea HH- Sour Servicea ZZ- Sour Service
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Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem Body, Bonnet, Gate, Seat Stem or Hanger Valve Stems Only Ring Gasket Gate, Seat, Stem Gates, Seats Choke, Trim Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem Body, Bonnet, Hanger Gate, Seat, Stem
No Limit No Limit 300 ppm 100 ppm No Limit 3000 ppm No Limit No Limit 40000 ppm No Limit
No Limit 3.5 3.5 4.5 No Limit No Limit No Limit No Limit No Limit No Limit
No Limit No Limit No Limit No Limit No Limit 140 F (60 C) No Limit 275 F (135 C) 400 F (204 C) No Limit
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Actuators
Pneumatic Diaphragm and Piston
Features:
Used on remotely operate valves and chokes Uses basic air supply to operate 170 psi operating pressure Simple, but robust design Inexpensive to install and maintain Manufactured to NACE MR0175, (H2S) May be MMS certified for offshore installations
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Actuators
Hydraulic Piston Features:
Used in multiple applications Available for valves from 2 to 9 Single or double piston design available Visual indicators for easy viewing Wire line cutting capability if needed Often used offshore where space and weight are critical Fail open / close / in-place Ideal for extreme cold environment
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Chokes
Definition:
Restriction in a flow line that causes a pressure drop or reduces the rate of flow through an orifice
Types:
Fixed bean Needle and seat External sleeve Plug & cage
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External Sleeve:
Superior erosion resistance Eliminates body erosion
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Types of Chokes
There are two types of Chokes that are commonly available.
Fixed or Positive
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Adjustable Chokes
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Typical applications:
Wellheads Production Manifolds Choke & Kill Manifolds Well Testing & Clean-up
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Subsea applications
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Choke Sizing
To allow Flow Coefficient to be calculated for a complete range of fluids, including multi-phase. Cameron Willis has developed the most validated choke sizing program in the industry. It is based on scientific principles and results of extensive flow capacity testing.
To ensure optimum accuracy the sizing program contains an extensive database of Cameron Willis choke designs, sizes, & trim characteristics and is capable of predicting the onset of cavitation and choked flow.
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Choke Sizing
Correct Sizing is critical to proper Choke Performance
OVERSIZED
Reduced Controllability Vibration Increased Erosion
UNDERSIZED
Insufficient Flow Capacity
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Summary Wellhead an arrangement of pressure containing housings and spools, connected together in a pressure-tight assembly supporting multiple, concentric strings of casing / tubing.
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Tubing Hangers
top of the tubing to support the tubing weight, seal off from the annulus and allow down hole penetrations to penetrate the hanger.
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Summary
Christmas Tree
an assembly of valves, flanges, crosses, tees and chokes to control flow from (or into) a well.
Actuators
pneumatic or hydraulic actuated devices to remotely close in a valve.
Chokes
a restriction in the flowline to control flowrate and pressure of the well.
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