Formal Speeches

Preparation & Process

Mandala Speech
O What two aspects of your speech do you

want to do well in today?

O Example: Eye contact, tone of voice, hand

movements, stay calm

3 Improvements
O 3 things you want to improve
O Example: Eye contact

How I will improve: I will practice in the mirror and give my speech to several people

Listening
O Listen to 3 speeches
O Write down each persons name O One thing the person did well O One thing the person should improve

Formal Speeches
O Preparing to speak
O O

Knowing audience Understanding purpose

O Planning for a speech

O O

Using audience and purpose Gathering information

O

Using appeals to reach audience and meet purpose

O O O O

Organizing information Drafting a speech Practicing a speech Presenting a speech

Preparing to Speak
O Know your audience
O

Speaking to different audiences may mean a different approach is needed O How is speaking to your parents different than speaking to your friends? Different than speaking to a judge? A teacher?

O Understand your purpose in speaking

Ones purpose in speaking may change the way the speech is presented O Is the speech informative? Persuasive? Explanatory? A debate?
O

Planning for a Speech

O Planning for a speech
O O O O O O

Using audience and purpose Gathering information

O

Using appeals to reach audience and meet purpose

Organizing information Drafting speech Practicing speech Presenting speech

Audience Appeals
O Both speakers and listeners are impacted by three

different appeals in communication

O The speaker uses the appeal in the message O The listener is impacted by the appeal used

O Logical appeal (logos)

O When the audience is provided factual evidence and

logical organization in the communication.

O Emotional appeal (pathos)
O When the speaker appeals to the listeners emotions (ex:

sense of justice, family, love, etc.)

O Ethical appeal (ethos)
O When the speaker shows the audience that she is honest,

has integrity, and a strong sense of right and wrong

O United approach (using all appeals)
O When the speaker uses two or all of the appeals

Organizing a Speech
Select an organizational pattern that matches with purpose How will I O Chronological pattern
O O O

Puts events or information in a time sequence Example: Evolution of a nation

organize my speech?

O Climactic pattern
Organizes information by order of importance, often saving the most important or impact-filled statement for last O Example: Types of lunches available in cafeteria

O Spatial pattern
O O

Divides topic on the basis of space relationships Example: Tour of the Learning Resource Center

O Cause-Effect pattern O Explaining relationships between or among ideas O Example: Causes and Effects of Anorexia O Problem-Solution pattern O Organization presents problem(s) and solution(s) O Example: Recycling programs

What personal experience has taught you who you are and what is the lesson that you learned? Personal Experience Speech Topic: Getting my dog Thesis: Adopting my dog Winnie has taught me many life lessons including responsibility and the importance of forgiveness.

Personal Experience Speech Topic: When my grandma died of cancer

Thesis: My grandmother dying of cancer taught me the value of family relationships and not to take small moments for granted. Personal Experience Speech Topic: When my brother struggled with drug addiction Thesis: My brother struggling with drugs has taught me to never give up on someone and to be a more compassionate person.

Outlining a Speech
Speaking outlines are very similar to expository essay outlines!
O Three parts in a formal speech:
O Introduction O Body O Conclusion

I. Introduction A. Attention-getter B. Link C. Thesis D. Preview statement

Speeches have a preview statement: a sentence at the end of the introduction that gives the audience an overview of the major areas that will be presented in the body of the speech. Essays DO NOT.

Introduction
O Begin with an example related to the topic, but dont state

the topic Example for Mandala *Sommer A. Painting uses colors to portray light and dark emotion. B. I use dark and light colors to show different tones and moods. C. There are two colors on my Mandala that help describe who I am and how I paint. D. Those colors are black and white.
I. Introduction A. Attention-getter B. Link C. Thesis D. Preview statement

O O O

Introduction
O Begin with an example related to the topic, but dont state

the topic Example Personal Experience O A. Change is everywhere. In the seasons, when we mature, and when challenges meet us in life. O B. Ive dealt with many changes. O C. The experience that changed my life is when I became a teacher. O D. I became a teacher because I have a passion for learning and to help others succeed.
I. Introduction A. Attention-getter B. Link C. Thesis D. Preview statement

Outlining a Speech
O Body paragraph

organization is dependent on the speech itself, but each body paragraph must
O clearly state the

II. Body A. First main idea 1. Sub-Idea a. Detail b. Support c. Conclusion/ Trans. 2. Sub-Idea a. Detail b. Support c. Conclusion

main idea O support the main ideas with details and/or evidence O explain the support used in the speech

B. Second main idea

Outlining a Speech
O Conclusions are similar to expository essays, too!
O Restate your main idea O Leave the listeners with a so what reflection
O

Could be a reference to your attention-getter in the introduction O May use some of the same word choices as attention-getter or linking sentences.

III. Conclusion A. Summary B. Reworded thesis

C. Clincher/ Speakers Comment

D. Thank You

Parts of a Speech
I. Introduction A. Attentiongetter B. Link C. Thesis D. Preview statement II. Body A. First main idea 1. Sub-Idea a. Detail b. Support c. Conc./ Trans. 2. Sub-Idea a. Detail b. Support c. Conclusion B. Second main idea III. Conclusion A. Reworded thesis

& preview statement

B. Clincher/ Speakers Comment

How are speaking outlines and essay outlines similar? Different?

Parts of a Speech
I. Introduction A. AttentionII. Body III. Conclusion A. Reworded thesis & preview statement B. Clincher/ Speakers Comment

getter
B. Link C. Thesis D. Preview

statement

Personal or narrative A. experience First main idea speeches follow this format, but it may be 1. Sub-Idea a. Detail helpful to b. speeches Support plan for these using a c. Conc./ Trans. chronological outline. 2. Sub-Idea Think about the plot line from literature: a. Detail personal experiences can be b. Support communicated through an exposition, rising c. Conclusion action, climactic moment and resolution (realization). B. Second main idea

Drafting a Speech
O Create a speaking outline
O Use the outline to remember your main ideas, details, and

supports
O Keep audiences attention with visual details
O Vivid imagery

Use the five senses to engage your audiences imagination and need for visual images O Include references to sight, sound, feel, taste, scent
O

O Metaphors
O

Use like or as to make a comparison statement O Example: A high school diploma is the key that will give you the potential to unlock many occupational doors later in life.

Drafting a Speech
O Plan for engaging word choices
O Alliteration repetition of the initial sound of two or more

words that are close together

O

Example: The will to win takes work toward a worthwhile cause.

O Assonance repetition of vowel sounds

O

Example: We believe that peace means a chance for all of the oppressed people of the world...

O Consonance repetition of consonant sounds anywhere

in the words
O

Example: I love to hike in the mountains and see the sunrise.

O Repetition of words repeating words or phrases for

effect
O

Example: Treat your car with respect. Your car will take care of you as long as you take care of your car.

Practicing a Speech
O Practice, practice, practice!
O

Give your speech to a mirror O Listen to your word choices O Record yourself and watch your speech O Watch for non-verbal gestures and time waster words

Im going to rock this speech!

O Ask for peer feedback! Give speech to a friend or

family member
O Speech content
O

Are the main ideas clear? Did I engage the audience? Was any part of the speech boring? Were my word choices effective? Did I use effective presentation skills? Were my non-verbal gestures appropriate? Did I make effective eye contact? Did I eliminate time waster words? (Ex. Um, like, well, uh)

O Presentation format
O

Presenting a Speech
O Preparation is key to an effective speech
O Use the process to plan for success

Were beasts when it comes to speeches!

O Develop an effective speaking outline for you to use O Practice well in advance of speech day O Admit any fears and work to overcome them

O Dress appropriately on the big day!

O Dressing the part
O

Most presenters dress formally when giving a formal speech O Wear what makes you confident, comfortable
O Being physically prepared to speak

Dont speak on an empty stomach; eliminate jitters O Check physical appearance (teeth, clothing) before speaking O Get a good nights sleep
O