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Treatment and management

Hepatitis B

Acute hepatitis B
Majority of patients resolve this acute infection and develop longlasting immunity. Treatment should be aimed at preventing chronic HBV, transmission to others, and other long term complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because the majority of patients with acute HBV resolve this infection spontaneously, treatment with an oral anti-HBV agent is not necessary. However, the use of an oral anti-HBV agent is not unreasonable to use in a patient who is developing acute liver failure from severe acute HBV Preventing acute HBV with vaccination is the best treatment. Universal vaccination is now administered to newborns in many countries

Infants and young children are at the greatest risk for becoming chronically infected if exposed to the hepatitis B virus. 90% of exposed infants will develop chronic infections. 30 - 50% of exposed children will develop chronic infections. 10% of exposed adults will develop chronic infections. To stop the further spread of this disease, vigilant screening of high-risk groups and compliance with universal vaccination recommendations is essential. There is a simple blood test and a safe vaccine for hepatitis B

Recommendations for Counselling and Prevention of Transmission of Hepatitis B :


Carriers should be counselled regarding prevention of transmission of HBV Sexual and household contacts of carriers who are negative for HBV seromarkers should receive hepatitis B vaccination Newborns of HBV-infected mothers should receive HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine at delivery and complete the recommended vaccination series. Persons who remain at risk for HBV infection such as infants of HBsAgpositive mothers, health care workers, dialysis patients, and sexual partners of carriers should be tested for response to vaccination. Abstinence or only limited use of alcohol is recommended in hepatitis B carriers.

TREATMENT OPTIONS

Treatment is normally considered only in cases of progression of acute infection to chronic HBV The nucleoside analogues lamivudine, entecavir, and telbivudine, The nucleotide analogues adefovir and tenofovir,

Nano-vaccine
A novel, needle-less method for getting an immunity-stimulating agent into the body The vaccine is based on a super-fine emulsion of oil, water and surfactants placed in the nose.

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