4 :



?
1

(.)

 ... .

.


...

- ---

...

16

3 :

24

4 :
1 ?
2

34
54
59

5
3

62
75

80

7
4 ?

92
100


...

8
5 GDP ?
6

104
110
119

9 ()
7 ?
8

122
125
138

144

(Glossary)

145

152

157

...

 4 :

(Make a Choice)








Trade-off

TRADE-OFF

...

...?

Economics 2
Oikos House Nemein
To Manage

( 2)

10

 1

4 :

(keywords)

Resources
Scarcity

Make a Choice

Trade-off

Unlimited
Wants

...?
...?







( )
(
)

11

...

Key Points

on the other hand ( )

12

:
(Trade-off)

 1

4 :

...?

()

13

...

1. (Microeconomics)


( 3)

2. (Macroeconomics)

14

 1

4 :

15

...

(Opportunity Cost)

(Scarcity)

(Scarcity)
(Unlimited Wants)
(Limited Resources)

16

 4 :

Key Points

(Unlimited Wants)
/
(Limited Resources)

(Scarce Goods)

:
1.

2.

...?
2555

39

(Choice and Opportunity Cost)

17

...

...?










2 2554

18

(/)
5,706
5,854
6,620
8,502
10,833
18,065
31,275
42,075

24
:

4 400,000

. 6 80,000
4 80,000 x 4
= 320,000 400,000 + 320,000
= 720,000

CHOICE AND
OPPORTUNITY
COST

19

...

...?

(Sustainable)

Exam Tip
(Alternative Choices)


(Next Best Alternative)

24 1

200,000 150,000
120,000
150,000

( 150,000 + 120,000 = 270,000 )

()
200,000
150,000
120,000

20

24
:

100
110
()
600
600


50
10 500
600

Key Points

(Next Best
Alternative)

21

...

(Basic Problems of Economics) :

3
3

22

24
:

What?

How?

For Whom?

23

...

? :

(Economic Units)

24

 4 :

2 ()
()
300 250
240 260
260 260



(Economic Unit)

+++

1. -

2. -

3. -

4. -

()

25

...

...?













4
(Land)

(Labour)

(Capital)

(Entrepreneurship)

?

()

26

: 4
:

(Land)


(Rent)
(Labour)



(Wage or Salary)
(Capital)



(Interest)
(Entrepreneurship)



(Profit)

27

...

1)

2)
(
)
3)

28

: 4
:

1. (Capitalism)

Capitalism
Key Points

29

...

...?

(

)

()

(Invisible Hand)

() ()




(
)
(What) (How)


(For Whom)

Exam Tip

( 4)

30

: 4
:

Oversupply


2. (Socialism)


(What)
(How)

(For Whom)

Socialism

31

...

Mixed Economy

3. (Mixed Economy)

(
)
(
)

32

: 4
:

(What),
(How), (For Whom)

(What) (How)
(For Whom)

33

...

()
()





/

34

 4 :

2
30 20
3
40
1 2 3





(Demand)




(Law of Demand)

L A W

O F

D E M A N D

+++

Key Points


2
1.
(Willing to Pay)
2.
(Ability to Pay)

35

...

...?

()

()
50
40
30
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
0
()

(Individual Demand)


(Market Demand)

(/)
50

(/)
50

(/)
50

40

40

40

40

30

30

30

30

20

20

20

20

10

10

10

0
0

2
3
4
()

(/)
50

10

0
0

3
4
5
()

30

= 2 + 3 + 5 = 10

0
0

4
5
6
7
8
()

10
12
14
16
()

36

 4 :

25 50
30 70
20
30
30 50 70

14,000 20,000



(Supply)






(Law of Supply)

Key Points

2 1.
(Willing to Sell)
2.
(Ability to Sell)

LAW OF SUPPLY

37

...

...?
?

(Individual Supply)

(Market Supply) ?

()
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
()

(/)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
20

40

50
60
80
()

(/)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20

30
50
40
()

(/)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
10

15

20
30
()

(/)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
20
40

25

= 50 + 30 + 15 = 95
60

140
80 95 100
120
()

38

(/.)

(.)

(.)

50
45
40
35
30
25
20

30
60
90
120
150
180
210

210
180
150
120
90
60
30

 4 :

50
30
210 180
(Excess Supply)
50

(120 )
35

Exam Tip



(Plenty of Choice)

Key Points

...?
20

( : )

39

...

( )

EQUILIBRIUM POINT

Exam Tip

+++

(Equilibrium
Point)

(Price Mechanism)

(Change in Demand)
(Change in Supply)

1.

40

 4 :

(Normal Goods)


3
(Inferior Goods)
2.

(Substitution Goods)
(Complementary Goods)






3.



(Brand Loyalty)
4.
80

...?

41

...

5.
iPhone

1.



2.


3.
14,000 20,000

4.

( )

5.

42

 4 :

()
(

30-50%)

Exam Tip


(Shift)

Shift

Shift
( :

)

43

...

()

(/.)
(.)
(.)
(.)

50
45
40
35
30
25
20

30
60
90
120
150
180
210

90
120
150
180
210
240
270

210
180
150
120
90
60
30

35 120

(
) 35
180
120 60



40 150

44

 4 :

(
)

S
E1
E0

...?


( : )

E1
E0

45

...

1 ()
> ()

E1

--->

E
D

2 ()
= ()

--->

E1
E

D
D

46

 4 :

3 ()
< ()

E1

--->

E
D

1 ()
> ()

--->

E
E1
D

47

...

2 ()
= ()

--->

E1

3 ()
< ()

--->

E1

,
D D

48

 4 :

Exam Tip


(
)
-40%/25% = -1.6
= %
%

1 ()

Elastic
1 ()

Inelastic

49

...

10 40 50
60 150 90

(%)
(50-40)/40 = 25%
(90-150)/150 = -40%


Elastic

Inelastic

50

 4 :

(
)

...?

70,000
.. 2550
2



: 1.
2.
( )
( :
...


10% 30%
)

51

...

...?


( :

...
)

(/)

()

()

50
40
30
20

10
20
50
60

500
800
1,500
1,200

30

30 - 40
40 30 (
(30-40)/40 = -25%) 20 50
( (50-20)/20 = 150%)
(150%/-25%) = -6 1
()
elastic
800 1,500
40 30 (
52

 4 :

...?
...

(Inelastic)

(Elastic)

()

( )

()

()

53

...

- 2550
8.8% 2.3%
-0.3 (-2.3%/8.8%)
- 2553 2.5%
7.5%
-3.0 (-7.5%/2.5%)



- 2553
- 2550
.. 2553

(LPG) (NGV)

54

 4 :

80
GDP

2

2554


91

55

...

...?

?


/

+++

%
%

56

 4 :

+++
(Normal Goods)
(Inferior Goods)




3

()

%
=

% )

(Substitution Goods) (Complementary
Goods)







(
)

57

...

%
%

Elastic

Inelastic

1.

2.

()

58

 4 :

Exam Tip

1
Eelastic 1
Inelastic

59

...

2
?

E1

E0

E1

Elastic

1
60

 4 :

(What) (How)
(For Whom)

5-7
5
()
() 6
7

61

...

()

()

62

 4 :

( )

( )

+++

(Utility)

2 3

( )

(Consumption)

(Utility)

63

...

4 ( )

...?

GDP

64

...?

( 4)

1.

4 :

2.

10%






80
MIDNIGHT SALE
30 - 70%





3.

4.

( 3
)

65

...

...?

..
1914





..
1950

200

5.

= +


(
) ( )

= +

66

4 :

...?

(Retained Earnings)

...?


GDP 2553
% GDP

53.4
24.8

23.8

30.6

32.9

33.3

34.2

34.3

46.0

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

: World Economic Outlook, September 2011

67

...

SUPPLY CHAIN

(Profits)

















(Supply Chain)

(Logistics Network)
(Just in Time)

(Source of Origin)
(Source of Consumption)

68

 4 :

+++

(Linkages)
(Forward Linkage)

(Backward Linkage)



Backward Linkage Forward Linkage
Backward Linkage
Forward Linkage

(Investment)

(Change
in Inventories)







69

...

...?

(Financial Investment)

/




GDP

70

4 :

(Returns)

...?
1. (Expected Profit)




2. (Interest Rate)
(
)


3.


4.

5. ()




71

...

.. 2550-2554
()

...?

1,500

6.

( 8)

72

4 :

(Multiplier)

[] ( )
( )

[]

[]
...
[]
( )

[]


[]
( )

[]

[]

73

...

MULTIPLIER
EFFECT

(Multiplier Effect)

+++

( 7)

74

4 :

2 (1)
(2) Real Sector




(Money Sector)

.. 2551

(
)

FINANCIAL LINKAGE

75

...

()

76

4 :

( 9 )

77

...

Key points

78

4 :

79

...

80

 4 :

(Market Failure)

(Market Failures) 4

1. (Public Goods)


Free Rider ()

+++

:


.

...?
2. (Externalities)

()
()

.
1 10

1

81

...

...?

1,100
1,800

2,700

15,000

...?

82

3. (Natural Monopoly)







(Fair Price)

+++

(Privatization)

4. (Asymmetric Information)

4 :

(Market Failures)

.. 2554

83

...

= ( )

/ =

/ =

=
1

84

Focused and Quick (FAQ) Issue 23 :

http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/EconomicConditions/
Publication/FAQ_documents/FAQ_23.pdf

4 :

()
() (
)
()
(Transfer Payments)

(
2,000 .. 2552)

+++

1.

(
)

GDP ( 8)

2. 3






( 9)

>

>

85

...

100


100

100




?








(
8)

86

4 :

?


(Progressive Income Tax : PIT)

...?

4
37% 1-4
30%
3%
2 3

150,000

52 0.07%

...

200,000

() PIT
1-150,000

150,001 - 1,000,000
10%
1,000,001 - 4,000,000
20%
4,000,001
37%

150,000 50,000 (
150,000 ) 10% ( 150,001 - 1,000,000
) 5,000 (50,000 x 10%)

87

...

...?

30%
23% .. 2555


VAT Included
()
7%

Value Add Tax

+++

7%

()

() 7%
7%


()

.. 2553 1 4

88

4 :

(.)

89

...

+++

?






30 2554 4.45
(GDP) 41.7%
GDP

90

4 :

91

...

()

(Technology)
(Specialization)

92

 4 :

(Comparative Advantage)

() ()

Exam Tip

Comparative Advantage

93

...

+++

(

)

GDP

1 = 30

1 = 1

30 =
()

1
()

1
()

30 = 1
94

?




30 1
39 100 43 1

(Baht Appreciation)

30 1
30 1
28 1
28 1


(Baht Depreciation)

30
1 32 1

...?


? ( :
)

95

...

+++

(Derived Demand)

2 .. 2554
0.8%
4.1% 0.9%
0.2%
?

()

()

(Floating Exchange Rate)


(Managed Floating Exchange Rate)
( 9)

?

(1)

(2)

96

(3)

(1)


(2)


(3)

...?
?

(Settlement)




( : )

2536

2553

91.8
0.9
3.9
0.0
3.4

80.0
8.2
6.1
2.8
2.9

97

...

30 /1 32 /1

30 /1 28 /1

98

( 9)

99

...

Foreign Direct Investment

100

?







()





(Foreign Direct Investment) FDI
FDI

4
:

1990








( 8)

101

...

Key Points

(
) ()

()
()

102

( : )

()

()

103

...

4 1) 2)
3) 4)

1. (Economic Growth)

104

 4 :

3
3

Gross
Domestic
Product

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
(Gross Domestic
Income)
(Gross Domestic Expenditure)

105

...

Exam Tip

1
50 ()
50 50


15 10 5
20
( 50 )
( 50 )

= = /
/

( )

( )
*

106

 4 8

1. (Private Consumption Expenditure)

( 5 )
2. (Private Investment Expenditure)
( 5 )
3. (Government Expenditure)
( 6
)
4. (Net Export)
(Exports) (Imports)

GDP
GDP
3 (
)

GDP

GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)

GDP
GDP

GDP
GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)
C
I
G
X-M

(Consumption)
(Investment)
(Government Expenditure)
(Net Export)
107

...

100 GDP
100

100.-

200.-

200
(200-100)/100 = 100%




1 100 2
200 (200-100)/100 = 100%
6% 8%
GDP (
) (Economic
Growth) GDP ( .. 2531) 10.5
GDP ( .. 2531) 10
5% ( 10.5-10
10 x 100) GDP
.. 2531
/

108

 4 8

(Economic
Growth)
(Sustainable Economic Growth)

...?

GDP ?
GDP Gross Domestic Product

GDP


GDP
( )
( )
GDP

GNP (Gross National Product)





GNP
GDP

109

...

GDP ? *
GDP
60



1.
GDP

2. GDP
GDP

Green GDP GDP
( )
GDP
3. GDP



GDP
4.

GDP

110

 4 8

GNH (Gross National Happiness)

.. 2515
(Happy Planet
Index : HPI) (New Economic Foundation : NEF)
.. 2550

1 GDP 150
GDP
Inclusive Growth




2
1

GNH
Gross National
Happiness

HPI
Happy Planet
Index

GDP
GDP

*
?
www.thaiwellbeing.org
(Inclusive growth)

111

...

...?
(
) ()

2. (Price Stability)

()
()

(
)
()

112

 4 8

Exam Tip

(Deflation)







()
(
?
)

1
()
100 25 4

50 100 2
100

113

...

...?
.. 2548
2,200,000%
1 100,000,000,000

...?
Price-Wage Spiral


(
)

PriceWage Spiral

114

2

()
(Spiral) (Price-Wage Spiral)

...?

 4 8

5


100 3% 1
103 5%
10 10.50 103
9.81 10











.. 2540

+++

115

...

...?

(Inflation
linked Bond)

.. 1981

...?


(Mild Inflation)
2-3%

()

3. (Full Employment)

Exam Tip
(Full Employment)

116

 4 8

4. (Income Distribution)


(Inequality)

1) (Government Spending)


2) (Transfer Payments) (
)
2,000 .. 2552 3)
(Progressive Income Tax)

Key Points

-
(Price-Wage Spiral)

117

...

...?

(Stagflation)

Phillips Curve

118

4 8

(Economic
Growth) -

( 4
)



Ben Bernanke ( )

(Economic Stability)

119

...

Balance

269,000 (2,790 1 )
23,600 32,000

120

 4 8

6


(Hyper Inflation)
30
2
3,250,000%

.. 2548 ( )

(Turnover Rate for Central Banks
Governorship)

80 56
1



.. 2485 4 .. 2551
(... .)



... .

HYPER
INFLATION

121

...

()

122

 4 :

3

3 .
3

3 3 1)
() 2) (
) 3)
()

3 .

123

...

3
3

Exam Tip

2 () ()



/

(
( 2,000 .. 2552)

124

 9
(:

)
4

(
)

/


(
)

?


3 4
Gang of Four

(.
) (. )

125

...

GANG OF FOUR

5 1)

2)

(Public Sector Balance) 3)
(Crowding-out) 4)
5)

4



4

126

 9
(:

)
4

Crowding-in Effect in out
Crowding-out Effect

...?
.. 2554

127

...

+++

1.

(Exchange Rate Targeting)
2.
(Monetary Targeting)
3.
(Inflation Targeting)
4.

Just-Do-It Approach

...?

(
http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/
MonetaryPolicy/Documents/
MPC_Assessment.pdf)

128

(Inflation
Targeting) .. 2543


(Transparency)


(Accountability)

(Creditability)

9
(:

(Inflation Targeting)

(.)
0.25 3.0 3.25

+++

()

2
1.


129

...

(
)

Exam Tip

...?

( : )

130

 9
(:

)
4

2.

...?

...?

131

...

...?




?

132

 9
(:

)
4

3
1. (Long-Term
Price Stability)
2.

3.

5
1.
()




133

...

...?
.

.
()
.
(
)
Standing Facility .


Standing Facility

2.

3.

( )

134

4.

5.

EXPECTED INFLATION

9
(:

)
4

135

...

1)

2)
3)

3 6 12

136

 9
(:

)
4

(Inflation
Targeting)

7
(
) (
) 7



(Non-Performing Loans : NPLs)

137

...

Key Points

138

.. 2551

()




.. 2540

...


. 7
. . 2
4 6-8 8
.

.
.

 9
(:

)
4

.
.

.
.
.

. 14.00 .
.
.

.
. .
2
.
.
.

139

...

( 30 )

(
)
()

( )

140

9
(:

+++

(Nominal Effective Exchange Rate : NEER)

21
http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/
MonetaryPolicy/Target/ExchangeRates/Pages/ExchangeRate.aspx)

(Real Effective Exchange Rate : REER)

141

...

...?

3
(1) (Volatility)

(2)
(Nominal Effective Exchange Rate NEER)

()
(3)
(Imbalances)





(Inflation Targeting)

142

 9
(:

)
4

Key Points

(1)

(2)

(Policy
Mix)

143

...

144

4 :

Glossary

Price Mechanism

Full Employment

Natural Monopoly

Economic Activity

145

...

Economic Growth

GDP (
)

Elasticity

elastic

Deflation

146

4 :

Inflation

(
2,000 2552)

Transfer Payments

()
()

() ()

Trade Balance

Opportunity Cost

147

...

Fiscal Policy

() ()




()

Monetary Policy

148

4 :

Production Factor

Economic Bubble

Economics

149

...

Inferior Goods

Public Goods

Price Stability

Economic Unit

Public Debt

150

4 :

30 = 1

Exchange Rate

(Supply)

Supply

(Demand)

Demand

151

...

152

Website Source

()

)
(GDP)

http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/Statistics/Indicators/
Pages/index.aspx
http://www2.bot.or.th/statistics/BOTWEBSTAT.aspx?
reportID=409&language=TH
http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/Statistics/Economic
AndFinancial/EconomicIndices/Pages/Index.aspx

NEER REER

(
)
(

)

http://www.nesdb.go.th/Default.aspx?tabid=95

http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/Statistics/Financial
Markets/ExchangeRate/_layouts/Application/
ExchangeRate/ExchangeRate.aspx
http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/MonetaryPolicy/Target/
ExchangeRates/Pages/ExchangeRate.aspx
http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/Statistics/FinancialMarkets/
Interestrate/_layouts/application/interest_rate/
IN_Rate.aspx
http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/Statistics/Financial/
EconomicAndExternalSector/Pages/
StatInternationalReserves.aspx
http://www.indexpr.moc.go.th/price_present/
cpi/stat/others/report_core1.asp?tb=cpig_index_country
&code=93&c_index=a.change_year
http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/Statistics/EconomicAnd
Financial/MoneyAndBanking/Pages/index.aspx#
http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/Statistics/EconomicAnd
Financial/ExternalSector/Pages/menu.aspx

http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/Statistics/EconomicAnd
Financial/RealSector/Pages/Index.aspx

http://www.oie.go.th/industryindex_th.asp

 4 :

http://www.oae.go.th/ewt_news.php?nid=4542

http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/Statistics/EconomicAnd
Financial/MoneyAndBanking/Pages/index.aspx#

http://www2.bot.or.th/statistics/

BOTWEBSTAT.aspx?reportID=624&language=TH
http://secretary.mots.go.th/main.php?filename=graph1
( http://www.fpo.go.th/FPO/index2.php?mod=
)
Category&file=categoryview&categoryID=CAT0001203

http://www.pdmo.go.th/index.php#
(
http://service.nso.go.th/nso/nsopublish/

BaseStat/basestat.html
)

http://www.nesdb.go.th/Default.aspx?tabid=322

http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/Statistics/Indicators/
Docs/tab01.pdf

http://www.fpo.go.th/FPO/index2.php?mod=
Category&file=categoryview&categoryID=CAT0000314

http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm
(International Monetary Fund : IMF)
(World Bank)

http://www.worldbank.org/

(.)

World Economic Outlook (WEO)

Website Source

http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/EconomicConditions/
Pages/index.aspx

http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/MonetaryPolicy/
Pages/MonetaryPolicy.aspx

http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/MonetaryPolicy/Inflation/
Pages/index.aspx

http://www.nesdb.go.th/Portals/0/eco_datas/economic/
eco_state/2_54/Press%20Thai%20Q2-2011.pdf

http://www.fpo.go.th/FPO/index2.php?mod=Category
& file=categoryview&categoryID=CAT0000027
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/
index.htm

153

...

. (2553). .4-.6.
. (2552). 4-6 .
: .
. (2554). . (1). : .
. (2548). . (1). : .
. (). (Inclusive Growth). (1). : .
. (2553). .... (1).
. (2553). . :
.
. (2543). 10 . : .
. (2542). : . (1). : .
. (2539). Macroeconomics. (3). :
.
. (2550). .3 3.
. (2485). 2485. (1). :
.
. (2542). . : search http:/
/www.nso.go.th/

Bradley R. Schiller. (1996). Essentials of Economics. (2). : McGraw-Hill.

Alain Anderton. (2009). Economics AS Level. (4th Edition). : Causeway Press.
Ian Chambers, Linda Hall, Susan Squires. (2006). Longman Business Studies For IGCSE. (3rd ed). : Longman.
International Monetary fund. (2011). World Economic Outlook. (1). Washington D.C.
Mankiw Gregory. (2007). Principle of Macroeconomics. (4th Editin). Massachusetts : Harvard University.
Mr.Malcolm D Knight. (2007). Inflation Targeting in Emerging Market Economics. (1). : Bank for International
Settlements.
Robert Dransfield , Terry Cook and Jane King. (2010). Economics for IGCSE. (1). : Endorse by University of
Cambridge International Examinations.

154

 4 :

. (2554). . ?.
Focused and Quick (FAQ). Issue 32,. .
. (2552). ....
. 15 3.
. (2554). : . Focused and Quick (FAQ).
Issue 23, .
World bank. (2011). World Development Report. , New York, Oxford University.

. (2548). .
, .

. (25 2553). : . (1). :

.
. (2554). ?. (1). : .
. (21 2550). - .
.
. (2 2553). . .

http://www.bot.or.th .
http://www.bot.or.th/Thai/MonetaryPolicy/Pages/MonetEducation.aspx
.
http://th.wikipedia.org .
http://www.thaiwellbeing.org ?
.
http://www. uinthai.net
.
http://www.nesdb.go.th .
http://service.nso.go.th/nso/nsopublish/themes/theme_2-7-3.html
.

155

...


.

273 10200

.
... -- : , 2555. 160 .
1. 2. 3. I.
ISBN 978-616-7220-17-8
1 : .. 2555
20,000

101/99-101 10400
. 0 2692 0621-3

GDP per capita :

160,000
120,000
80,000
40,000
0

~1500,000

(% GDP)
100

2537 2538

2539

2540

2541 2542

2544 2545

2546 2546 2547 2548

2549 2550

**

3.9%

60

50

40

~47,280 USD

25

80,000

14.2%

38.2%

7.0%

Qatar
Luxembourg
Singapore
Norway
B runei
UAE
USA
Hong K ong
Switzerland
Netherlands
Australia
K uwait
Denmark
Germany
T aiwan
UK
France
J apan
K orea
New Zealand
Saudi Arabia
Russia
Chile
Malaysia
Mexico
T urkey
Venezuela
B razil
South Africa
T hailand
China
E gypt
B hutan
Indonesia
Philippines
Iraq
India
Vietnam
Lao PDR
Cambodia
K enya
B angladesh
Nepal
Myanmar
Haiti
Zimbabwe
B urundi
Congo

9.5%

4.2%

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

8.0%

1,052,575
692,525
620,773
523,899
441,062

35,986
36,142
36,734
38,681
38,688

- :

2552

2531

2537

2543

2549

2552

633

838

1,135

1,386

1,586

22.1

10.7

12.6

6.1

5.3

42.1

19.0

21.0

9.6

8.1

(//)

()

()

(%)
60
50
40
30
20

254

254

254

255

253

252

253

( - )

Rich Upper-middle Middle Lower-middle Poor

Degree of Openness*
140

Dot com

120

: Made in Thailand

Import

Export

(12.3%)

(9.8%)

(9.5%)

(8.8%)
(7.3%)

100

80
60

10
0

40
2523

:
100
:

252

-20

* : 15 ()
UNESCO, Principal Regional Office for Asia and Pacific, Literacy in Asia And the Pacific, 2010
** 2541 ISIC Revision 4
: 2553

20
0

5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

14.1%

100
80
60
40

( : 6
= 365,619 /)

16.1%

41.3%

9.7%

6.2%

(%)
120

11.1%

16.4%

GDP :

2553
GDP

252

2550-2554

2545-2549

2540-2544

2535-2539

2530-2534

2525-2529

* :

:

2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553

: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2010

2520-2524

20,000

2515-2519

40,000

2510-2514

~1,160 USD

2494

~9,200 USD

2504-2509

20

60,000

2553

%
80

2551 2552 2553

100,000

: 67.28 : 38.64 * : 97.0%

75
2536

1 3

2528

2533

2538

2543

: GDP
:

2548

2553

: 2553

(9.5%)
(8.4%)
(7.1%)
(6.0%)
(4.7%)