TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER .................................................................................................... i
APPROVAL SHEET .............................................................................. ii
RATIFICATION ………………………………………………………. iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN …………………………………………… iv
MOTTOS ................................................................................................. v
DEDICATION …………………………………………………………. vi
ACKNOWLEDMENTS ……………………………………………….. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………… ix
LIST OF FIGURE ……………………………………………………... xii
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………. xiii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………... 1

A. Background of the Study ………………………………………... 1
B. Identification of the Study ………………………………………. 1
C. Limitation of the Problem ………………………………………. 5
D. Formulation of the Problem …………………………………….. 6
E. Objectives of the Study …………………………………………. 6
F. Significance of the Study ……………………………………….. 6

CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL

FRAMEWORK ………………………………………………………... 7
A. Literature Review ……………………………………………… 7
1. Curriculum and School-Based Curriculum ………………….. 7
a. Curriculum ………………………………………………… 7
1) Definitions of Curriculum ……………………………… 7
2) Curriculum Components ……………………………….. 8
3) The Functions of Curriculum ………………………….. 9
b. School-Based Curriculum ………………………………… 10
1) The Objectives of School-Based Curriculum ………….. 11
2) Characteristics of School-Based Curriculum …………... 11
3) Competency Standard and Basic Competency ………… 13
2. Teaching English to Children ……………………………….. 13
a. The Objectives of Teaching English at Elementary School 17
b. Principles of Teaching English to Children ………………. 18
c. Characteristics of Children .................................................. 19
d. Teaching English at SD Muhammadiyah Girikerto ……… 21
3. Components of the Teaching and Learning Process ………… 22
4. Constraints …………………………………………………… 28
a. The Definitions of Constraints ……………………………. 28
b. The Constraints in the Teaching and Learning Components 28
c. The Constraints in the English Skill Components ………… 31
B. Conceptual Framework …………………………………………. 34
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD …………………………….. 36
A. Setting of the Research ………………………………………….. 36
B. Subject of the Research …………………………………………. 36
C. Data Collection Technique ……………………………………… 37
D. Research Instrument …………………………………………….. 37
E. Data Analysis …………………………………………………… 39
F. Triangulation ……………………………………………………. 39

CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION …….. 40

A. Research Findings ………………………………………………. 40
B. Discussion ………………………………………………………. 40
1. Constraints Faced by the Teacher ……………………………. 40
a. Uncooperative Students ……………………………………. 41
b. Low Motivated Students ………………………………….. 43
c. The Class Size ……………………………………………... 44
2. Constraints Faced by the Students ……………………………. 46
a. The Classroom management ………………………………... 47
b. The Learners’ Socioeconomic Background ………………… 55
3. Constraints Concerning the Materials …………………………. 57
a. Constraints Concerning the Materials by the Teacher……… 57
b. Constraints Concerning the Materials by the Students …….. 59
4. Constraints Concerning the Time and Space …………………. 63

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS, IMPLICATIONS, AND 66

SUGGESTIONS ………………………………………………………
A. CONCLUSIONS ………………………………………………. 66
B. IMPLICATIONS ………………………………………………. 68
C. SUGGESTIONS ……………………………………………….. 69

BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………………... 71

APPENDICES …………………………………………………………. 74